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van den Brand AJP, Hendriks-Hartensveld AEM, Havermans RC, Nederkoorn C. Child characteristic correlates of food rejection in preschool children: A narrative review. Appetite 2023; 190:107044. [PMID: 37717623 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2023.107044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Dietary habits formed in early childhood are key for establishing a healthy diet later in life. Picky eating and food neophobia - the two main forms of food rejection in young children - form an important barricade to establishing such healthy habits. Understanding these types of food rejection is thus essential for promoting healthy eating behaviour in both children and adults. To this end, the present narrative review aims to provide an overview of food rejection research in preschool-aged children, focusing on recent advances in the cognitive literature. Specifically, we evaluate the link between children's cognitive development, chemosensory perception and affective evaluation of food, food knowledge, decision-making strategies, anxiety and disgust sensitivity, and food rejection behaviour. Longitudinal and experimental studies are necessary to establish how the relationships between food rejection and cognitive processes develop over time and to determine their causal directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anouk J P van den Brand
- Department of Clinical Psychological Science, Faculty of Psychology & Neuroscience, Maastricht University, the Netherlands.
| | - Anouk E M Hendriks-Hartensveld
- Department of Clinical Psychological Science, Faculty of Psychology & Neuroscience, Maastricht University, the Netherlands
| | - Remco C Havermans
- Laboratory of Behavioural Gastronomy, Centre for Healthy Eating and Food Innovation, Maastricht University Campus, Venlo, the Netherlands; Youth, Food, and Health, Maastricht University Campus, Venlo, the Netherlands
| | - Chantal Nederkoorn
- Department of Clinical Psychological Science, Faculty of Psychology & Neuroscience, Maastricht University, the Netherlands
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2
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Aoki K, Mori K, Iijima S, Sakon M, Matsuura N, Kobayashi T, Takanashi M, Yoshimura T, Mori N, Katayama T. Association between Genetic Variation in the TAS2R38 Bitter Taste Receptor and Propylthiouracil Bitter Taste Thresholds among Adults Living in Japan Using the Modified 2AFC Procedure with the Quest Method. Nutrients 2023; 15:2415. [PMID: 37242298 PMCID: PMC10222862 DOI: 10.3390/nu15102415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Individual taste sensitivity influences food preferences, nutritional control, and health, and differs greatly between individuals. The purpose of this study was to establish a method of measuring and quantifying an individual's taste sensitivity and to evaluate the relationship between taste variation and genetic polymorphisms in humans using agonist specificities of the bitter taste receptor gene, TAS2R38, with the bitter compound 6-n-propylthiouracil (PROP). We precisely detected the threshold of PROP bitter perception by conducting the modified two-alternative forced-choice (2AFC) procedure with the Bayesian staircase procedure of the QUEST method and examined genetic variation in TAS2R38 in a Japanese population. There were significant differences in PROP threshold between the three TAS2R38 genotype pairs for 79 subjects: PAV/PAV vs AVI/AVI, p < 0.001; PAV/AVI vs AVI/AVI, p < 0.001; and PAV/PAV vs PAV/AVI, p < 0.01. Our results quantified individual bitter perception as QUEST threshold values: the PROP bitter perception of individuals with the PAV/PAV or PAV/AVI genotypes was tens to fifty times more sensitive than that of an individual with the AVI/AVI genotype. Our analyses provide a basic model for the accurate estimation of taste thresholds using the modified 2AFC with the QUEST approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoko Aoki
- Department of Advanced Medical Treatment & Nutritional Science, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan; (K.M.); (N.M.); (T.K.)
| | - Kanetaka Mori
- Department of Advanced Medical Treatment & Nutritional Science, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan; (K.M.); (N.M.); (T.K.)
- Division of Math, Sciences, and Information Technology in Education, Osaka Kyoiku University, Kashiwara 582-8582, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shohei Iijima
- Osaka Prefectural Hospital Organization, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Chuo-ku 541-8567, Osaka, Japan; (S.I.); (M.S.)
| | - Masato Sakon
- Osaka Prefectural Hospital Organization, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Chuo-ku 541-8567, Osaka, Japan; (S.I.); (M.S.)
| | - Nariaki Matsuura
- Department of Advanced Medical Treatment & Nutritional Science, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan; (K.M.); (N.M.); (T.K.)
- Osaka Prefectural Hospital Organization, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Chuo-ku 541-8567, Osaka, Japan; (S.I.); (M.S.)
| | | | | | - Takeshi Yoshimura
- Department of Child Development and Molecular Brain Science, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan
| | - Norio Mori
- Department of Advanced Medical Treatment & Nutritional Science, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan; (K.M.); (N.M.); (T.K.)
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurology, Fukude Nishi Hospital, Iwata 437-1216, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Taiichi Katayama
- Department of Advanced Medical Treatment & Nutritional Science, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan; (K.M.); (N.M.); (T.K.)
- Department of Child Development and Molecular Brain Science, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan
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Gómez-Gallego C, García-Mantrana I, Martínez-Costa C, Salminen S, Isolauri E, Collado MC. The Microbiota and Malnutrition: Impact of Nutritional Status During Early Life. Annu Rev Nutr 2020; 39:267-290. [PMID: 31433738 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nutr-082117-051716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
According to the developmental origins of health and disease hypothesis, our health is determined by events experienced in utero and during early infancy. Indeed, both our prenatal and postnatal nutrition conditions have an impact on the initial architecture and activity of our microbiota. Recent evidence has underlined the importance of the composition of the early gut microbiota in relation to malnutrition, whether it be undernutrition or overnutrition, that is, in terms of both stunted and overweight development. It remains unclear how early microbial contact is linked to the risk of disease, as well as whether alterations in the microbiome underlie the pathogenesis of malnutrition or are merely the end result of it, which indicates that thequestion of causality must urgently be answered. This review provides information on the complex interaction between the microbiota and nutrition during the first 1,000 days of life, taking into account the impact of both undernutrition and overnutrition on the microbiota and on infants' health outcomes in the short- and long-term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Gómez-Gallego
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, FI-70210 Kuopio, Finland; .,Functional Foods Forum, University of Turku, FI-20520 Turku, Finland;
| | - Izaskun García-Mantrana
- Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology (IATA-CSIC), National Research Council, 46980 Valencia, Spain; ,
| | - Cecilia Martínez-Costa
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain.,Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition Section, Hospital Clinico Universitario Valencia, INCLIVA,46010 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Seppo Salminen
- Functional Foods Forum, University of Turku, FI-20520 Turku, Finland;
| | - Erika Isolauri
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Turku University Hospital, FI-20500 Turku, Finland; .,Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - M Carmen Collado
- Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology (IATA-CSIC), National Research Council, 46980 Valencia, Spain; , .,Functional Foods Forum, University of Turku, FI-20520 Turku, Finland;
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Smith JL, Estus S, Lennie TA, Moser DK, Chung ML, Mudd-Martin G. TAS2R38 PAV Haplotype Predicts Vegetable Consumption in Community-Dwelling Caucasian Adults at Risk for Cardiovascular Disease. Biol Res Nurs 2020; 22:326-333. [PMID: 32207317 DOI: 10.1177/1099800420913935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A heart-healthy diet might reduce cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Genetic variants that affect taste are associated with food choices. This study aims to investigate the associations of the TAS2R38 haplotype with consumption of sodium, sugar, saturated fats, and vegetables. HYPOTHESIS We hypothesized that, compared to people who are alanine-valine-isoleucine (AVI) homozygous for the TAS2R38 gene, those who are heterozygous or homozygous for the proline-alanine-valine (PAV) haplotype would have (a) a higher intake of sodium, sugar, and saturated fat, and (b) a lower vegetable intake. METHODS DNA from participants at risk for CVD was genotyped, and participants were assigned to groups by haplotype. Intake for sodium, sugar, saturated fat, and vegetables was assessed using the Viocare Food Frequency Questionnaire. Intake was categorized as higher versus lower consumption, divided at the median, and examined by logistic regressions. All models controlled for age, sex, smoking status, body mass index, education level, and financial status. RESULTS The 175 participants had a mean age of 52 ± 13 years, 72.6% were female, 100% were Caucasian, 89.1% were overweight or obese, and 82.9% were nonsmokers. Participants with one or two PAVs were grouped together, as PAV is the dominant gene, and comprised a majority of the sample (80.6%). Haplotype did not predict intake of sodium, sugar, or saturated fats. Compared to AVI homozygotes, participants with PAV homozygous or heterozygous haplotype had lower odds of being in the higher vegetable intake group (95% CI [0.17, 0.92], p = .032). CONCLUSIONS PAV haplotype predicted lower consumption of vegetables. Variants of taste-related genes appear to play a role in food choices.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Steven Estus
- Department of Physiology and Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Terry A Lennie
- College of Nursing, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Debra K Moser
- Linda C. Gill Endowed Chair of Nursing, College of Nursing, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Misook L Chung
- College of Nursing, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Gia Mudd-Martin
- College of Nursing, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
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Taste Sensitivity Is Associated with Food Consumption Behavior but not with Recalled Pleasantness. Foods 2019; 8:foods8100444. [PMID: 31569738 PMCID: PMC6835699 DOI: 10.3390/foods8100444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
As taste perception varies between individuals, it might be important in explaining food consumption behavior. Previous studies have focused on sensitivity to the bitter tastant PROP (6-n-propylthiouracil) concerning eating with little attention paid to other tastants. For the first time, connections between food consumption behavior, pleasantness, and taste sensitivity are studied with five taste modalities. Sensitivity to bitterness, sourness, umami, saltiness, and sweetness as well as an overall taste sensitivity score was determined with intensity evaluation for 199 Finnish adults. Recalled pleasantness and food consumption behavior were enquired with online questionnaires. Consumption concerned intake of vegetables, fruits, and berries; use-frequency of specific foods; and tendency to mask or modify tastes of foods. All modality-specific taste sensitivities were related to some consumption behavior but none to recalled pleasantness. A higher taste sensitivity score indicated avoidance of coffee, lower consumption of pungent foods, and a more frequent habit of adding ketchup to a meal. In conclusion, it may be more informative to study the influence of taste sensitivity on food consumption behavior with taste modalities separately rather than with a general indicator of taste sensitivity. Additionally, these results highlight the importance of studying actual behavior toward food and not just liking.
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Variation in the TAS2R38 Bitterness Receptor Gene Was Associated with Food Consumption and Obesity Risk in Koreans. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11091973. [PMID: 31438650 PMCID: PMC6770895 DOI: 10.3390/nu11091973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Bitterness-sensing protein taste receptor type-2 member 38 (TAS2R38, T2R38) mediates taste perception and various physiological responses, including energy- and adiposity-related mechanisms. This study examined whether the genetic variant rs10246939 C > T in TAS2R38 was associated with food intake and body size as well as obesity risk. Data from the Korean Multi-Rural Communities Cohort study (1338 males and 2229 females) were analyzed to obtain the intake of six food groups, alcohol consumption, smoking status and anthropometric measurements, including height, weight, waist and hip circumference, and body mass index (BMI), according to the rs10246939 genotype. Findings suggested that females with the TT genotype consumed more fruit (adjusted p = 0.025) and had significantly higher body weights (adjusted p = 0.046) and BMIs (adjusted p = 0.003) than individuals with other genotypes. Having the TT genotype also increased the risk of obesity by 1.75-fold (95% confidence interval: 1.31–2.36) in females. The genetic variation had a minimal influence on the males’ dietary intake, but tended to increase the adiposity risk. In conclusion, TAS2R38 rs10246939 variation was associated with Koreans’ dietary intake and increased their risk of obesity. Although more detailed statistical analyses in the larger cohort are required, current study suggested that, as a genetic predictive marker, TAS2R38 bitterness receptor variations may have a large implication in obesity prevention and treatment.
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Allelic Variation in Taste Genes Is Associated with Taste and Diet Preferences and Dental Caries. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11071491. [PMID: 31261961 PMCID: PMC6682888 DOI: 10.3390/nu11071491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Taste and diet preferences are complex and influenced by both environmental and host traits while affecting both food selection and associated health outcomes. The present study genotyped 94 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in previously reported taste and food intake related genes and assessed associations with taste threshold (TT) and preferred intensity (PT) of sweet, sour and bitter, food preferences, habitual diet intake, and caries status in healthy young Swedish men and women (n = 127). Polymorphisms in the GNAT3, SLC2A4, TAS1R1 and TAS1R2 genes were associated with variation in TT and PT for sweet taste as well as sweet food intake. Increasing PT for sweet was associated with increasing preference and intake of sugary foods. Similarly, increasing TT for sour was associated with increasing intake of sour foods, whereas the associations between food preference/intake and TT/PT for bitter was weak in this study group. Finally, allelic variation in the GNAT3, SLC2A2, SLC2A4, TAS1R1 and TAS1R2 genes was associated with caries status, whereas TT, PT and food preferences were not. It was concluded that variations in taste receptor, glucose transporter and gustducin encoding genes are related to taste perception, food preference and intake as well as the sugar-dependent caries disease.
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Lind T, Johansson U, Öhlund I, Lindberg L, Lönnerdal B, Tennefors C, Hernell O. Study protocol: optimized complementary feeding study (OTIS): a randomized controlled trial of the impact of a protein-reduced complementary diet based on Nordic foods. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:134. [PMID: 30704429 PMCID: PMC6357470 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-6466-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background What we eat as infants and children carries long-term consequences. Apart from breastfeeding, the composition of the complementary diet, i.e. the foods given to the infant during the transition from breast milk/infant formula to regular family foods affects the child’s future health. A high intake of protein, a low intake of fruits, vegetables and fish and an unfavorable distribution between polyunsaturated and saturated fats are considered to be associate with health risks, e.g. obesity, type 2 diabetes and dyslipidemia later in life. Methods In a randomized, controlled study from 6 to 18 months of age we will compare the currently recommended, Swedish complementary diet to one based on Nordic foods, i.e. an increased intake of fruits, berries, vegetables, tubers, whole-grain and game, and a lower intake of sweets, dairy, meat and poultry, with lower protein content (30% decrease), a higher intake of vegetable fats and fish and a systematic introduction of fruits and greens. The main outcomes are body composition (fat and fat-free mass measured with deuterium), metabolic and inflammatory biomarkers (associated with the amount of body fat) in blood and urine, gut microbiota (thought to be the link between early diet, metabolism and diseases such as obesity and insulin resistance) and blood pressure. We will also measure the participants’ energy and nutrient intake, eating behavior and temperament through validated questionnaires, acceptance of new and unfamiliar foods through video-taped test meals and assessment of cognitive development, which we believe can be influenced through an increased intake of fish and milk fats, notably milk fat globule membranes (MFGM). Discussion If the results are what we expect, i.e. improved body composition and a less obesogenic, diabetogenic and inflammatory metabolism and gut microbiota composition, a more sustainable nutrient intake for future health and an increased acceptance of healthy foods, they will have a profound impact on the dietary recommendations to infants in Sweden and elsewhere, their eating habits later in life and subsequently their long-term health. Trial registration NCT02634749. Registration date 18 December 2015.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torbjörn Lind
- Paediatrics, Department of Clinical Sciences, Umeå University, SE-901 85, Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Ulrica Johansson
- Paediatrics, Department of Clinical Sciences, Umeå University, SE-901 85, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Inger Öhlund
- Paediatrics, Department of Clinical Sciences, Umeå University, SE-901 85, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Lene Lindberg
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bo Lönnerdal
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | | | - Olle Hernell
- Paediatrics, Department of Clinical Sciences, Umeå University, SE-901 85, Umeå, Sweden
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Sandell MA, Collado MC. Genetic variation in the TAS2R38 taste receptor contributes to the oral microbiota in North and South European locations: a pilot study. GENES AND NUTRITION 2018. [DOI: 10.1186/s12263-018-0617-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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The Relationship between Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Taste Receptor Genes, Taste Function and Dietary Intake in Preschool-Aged Children and Adults in the Guelph Family Health Study. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10080990. [PMID: 30060620 PMCID: PMC6115723 DOI: 10.3390/nu10080990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Taste is a fundamental determinant of food selection, and inter-individual variations in taste perception may be important risk factors for poor eating habits and obesity. Characterizing differences in taste perception and their influences on dietary intake may lead to an improved understanding of obesity risk and a potential to develop personalized nutrition recommendations. This study explored associations between 93 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in sweet, fat, bitter, salt, sour, and umami taste receptors and psychophysical measures of taste. Forty-four families from the Guelph Family Health Study participated, including 60 children and 65 adults. Saliva was collected for genetic analysis and parents completed a three-day food record for their children. Parents underwent a test for suprathreshold sensitivity (ST) and taste preference (PR) for sweet, fat, salt, umami, and sour as well as a phenylthiocarbamide (PTC) taste status test. Children underwent PR tests and a PTC taste status test. Analysis of SNPs and psychophysical measures of taste yielded 23 significant associations in parents and 11 in children. After adjusting for multiple hypothesis testing, the rs713598 in the TAS2R38 bitter taste receptor gene and rs236514 in the KCNJ2 sour taste-associated gene remained significantly associated with PTC ST and sour PR in parents, respectively. In children, rs173135 in KCNJ2 and rs4790522 in the TRPV1 salt taste-associated gene remained significantly associated with sour and salt taste PRs, respectively. A multiple trait analysis of PR and nutrient composition of diet in the children revealed that rs9701796 in the TAS1R2 sweet taste receptor gene was associated with both sweet PR and percent energy from added sugar in the diet. These findings provide evidence that for bitter, sour, salt, and sweet taste, certain genetic variants are associated with taste function and may be implicated in eating patterns. (Support was provided by the Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food, and Rural Affairs).
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Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Taste Receptor Genes Are Associated with Snacking Patterns of Preschool-Aged Children in the Guelph Family Health Study: A Pilot Study. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10020153. [PMID: 29385734 PMCID: PMC5852729 DOI: 10.3390/nu10020153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Snacking is an integral component of eating habits in young children that is often overlooked in nutrition research. While snacking is a substantial source of calories in preschoolers' diets, there is limited knowledge about the factors that drive snacking patterns. The genetics of taste may help to better understand the snacking patterns of children. The rs1761667 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the CD36 gene has been linked to fat taste sensitivity, the rs35874116 SNP in the TAS1R2 gene has been related to sweet taste preference, and the rs713598 SNP in the TAS2R38 gene has been associated with aversion to bitter, green leafy vegetables. This study seeks to determine the cross-sectional associations between three taste receptor SNPs and snacking patterns among preschoolers in the Guelph Family Health Study. Preschoolers' snack quality, quantity, and frequency were assessed using three-day food records and saliva was collected for SNP genotyping (n = 47). Children with the TT genotype in TAS1R2 consumed snacks with significantly more calories from sugar, and these snacks were consumed mostly in the evening. Total energy density of snacks was highest in the CC and CG genotypes compared to the GG genotype in TAS2R38, and also greater in the AA genotype in CD36 compared to G allele carriers, however this difference was not individually attributable to energy from fat, carbohydrates, sugar, or protein. Genetic variation in taste receptors may influence snacking patterns of preschoolers.
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Choi JH, Lee J, Yang S, Kim J. Genetic variations in taste perception modify alcohol drinking behavior in Koreans. Appetite 2017; 113:178-186. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2017.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Choi JH, Lee J, Choi IJ, Kim YW, Ryu KW, Kim J. Variations in TAS1R taste receptor gene family modify food intake and gastric cancer risk in a Korean population. Mol Nutr Food Res 2016; 60:2433-2445. [PMID: 27321875 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201600145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2016] [Revised: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Human taste receptor type 1 (TAS1R, T1R) gene family mediates the perception of umami and sweet tastes and regulates metabolism. This study investigated whether variants in the TAS1R are associated with food intake and susceptibility to gastric cancer (GC). METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 1131 Koreans including 377 GC cases were analyzed to determine the dietary intake and genotype for 25 variants in TAS1R genes. Among the genotyped polymorphisms, six loci with a minor allele frequency >0.05 were tested for an association with dietary intake and GC risk. Findings suggest that TAS1R polymorphisms were associated with a variety of food intake that is beyond the known T1R-taste association. Furthermore, differential consumption for cigarettes and citrus fruits by TAS1R genetic variants may be linked to GC risk in males and females, respectively. Additionally, in males, TAS1R1 rs34160967 heterozygote showed an increased risk of GC (odds ratio: 1.52, 95% confidence interval: 1.10-2.09), independent of dietary intake. However, this GC-risk effect of TAS1R variants was not evident in females. CONCLUSIONS Genetic variants in TAS1R were associated with dietary consumption, which may be associated with GC risk. TAS1R1 rs34160967 may also modify the risk for GC independent of diet in Korean males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Hwa Choi
- Molecular Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, National Cancer Center, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Jeonghee Lee
- Molecular Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, National Cancer Center, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Il Ju Choi
- Center for Gastric Cancer, National Cancer Center, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Young-Woo Kim
- Center for Gastric Cancer, National Cancer Center, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Keun Won Ryu
- Center for Gastric Cancer, National Cancer Center, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Jeongseon Kim
- Molecular Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, National Cancer Center, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
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Shen Y, Kennedy OB, Methven L. Exploring the effects of genotypical and phenotypical variations in bitter taste sensitivity on perception, liking and intake of brassica vegetables in the UK. Food Qual Prefer 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodqual.2016.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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15
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Ortega FJ, Agüera Z, Sabater M, Moreno-Navarrete JM, Alonso-Ledesma I, Xifra G, Botas P, Delgado E, Jimenez-Murcia S, Fernández-García JC, Tinahones FJ, Baños RM, Botella C, de la Torre R, Frühbeck G, Rodrigüez A, Estivill X, Casanueva F, Ricart W, Fernández-Aranda F, Fernández-Real JM. Genetic variations of the bitter taste receptor TAS2R38 are associated with obesity and impact on single immune traits. Mol Nutr Food Res 2016; 60:1673-83. [PMID: 27059147 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201500804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Revised: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Changes in genetic variations affecting the taste receptor, type 2, member 38 (TAS2R38) may identify the interacting mechanism leading to obesity and potential associations with proteins partaking in innate immunity, such as surfactant protein D (SPD) and mannan-binding lectin (MBL). METHODS AND RESULTS We evaluated haplotypes of the bitter-taste receptor TAS2R38 in an identification sample of 210 women in different weight conditions, including anorexia nervosa and obesity. The association with SPD and MBL was tested in an independent sample picturing general population (n = 534). The relationship with obesity was validated in an extended final sample of 1319 participants. In the sample comprised of women in extreme weight conditions, increased obesity was identified in AVI/AVI subjects (OR = 2.5 [1.06-6.11], p = 0.035). In the sample picturing general population, increased SPD and MBL concentrations were found in nonsmoking AVI carriers. In this cohort, smoking and obesity blunted associations between TAS2R38 haplotypes and SPD and MBL. In the extended sample, the association of AVI/AVI haplotypes with increased obesity was also identified (OR = 1.4 [0.99/1.85], p = 0.049), being more robust in subjects aged <40 years (OR = 1.9 [1.06/3.42], p = 0.031). CONCLUSION Current data reinforce the impact of TAS2R38 gene on phenotypic and clinical outputs affecting obesity, showing significant associations with extreme weight conditions (i.e., obesity and anorexia nervosa), and changes in both olfactory capacity and immune traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J Ortega
- CIBER de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), and Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.,Service of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition (UDEN), and Institut d'Investigació Biomédica de Girona (IdIBGi), Girona, Spain
| | - Zaida Agüera
- CIBER de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), and Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge (IDIBELL), and Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mònica Sabater
- CIBER de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), and Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.,Service of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition (UDEN), and Institut d'Investigació Biomédica de Girona (IdIBGi), Girona, Spain
| | - José M Moreno-Navarrete
- CIBER de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), and Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.,Service of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition (UDEN), and Institut d'Investigació Biomédica de Girona (IdIBGi), Girona, Spain
| | - Isabel Alonso-Ledesma
- CIBER de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), and Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.,Service of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition (UDEN), and Institut d'Investigació Biomédica de Girona (IdIBGi), Girona, Spain
| | - Gemma Xifra
- Service of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition (UDEN), and Institut d'Investigació Biomédica de Girona (IdIBGi), Girona, Spain
| | | | | | - Susana Jimenez-Murcia
- CIBER de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), and Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge (IDIBELL), and Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José C Fernández-García
- CIBER de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), and Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de Victoria, Málaga, Spain
| | - Francisco J Tinahones
- CIBER de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), and Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de Victoria, Málaga, Spain
| | - Rosa M Baños
- CIBER de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), and Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Psychological, Personality, Evaluation and Treatment, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Cristina Botella
- CIBER de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), and Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Basic Psychology, Clinic and Psychobiology, University Jaume I, Castelló, Spain
| | - Rafael de la Torre
- CIBER de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), and Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Human Pharmacology and Clinical Neurosciences Research Group, Neuroscience Research Program, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gema Frühbeck
- CIBER de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), and Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Amaia Rodrigüez
- CIBER de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), and Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Xavier Estivill
- Center for Genomic Regulation (CRG) and CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Felipe Casanueva
- CIBER de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), and Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.,Endocrine Division, Complejo Hospitalario U. de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela University, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Wifredo Ricart
- CIBER de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), and Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.,Service of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition (UDEN), and Institut d'Investigació Biomédica de Girona (IdIBGi), Girona, Spain
| | - Fernando Fernández-Aranda
- CIBER de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), and Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge (IDIBELL), and Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José M Fernández-Real
- CIBER de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), and Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.,Service of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition (UDEN), and Institut d'Investigació Biomédica de Girona (IdIBGi), Girona, Spain
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Joseph PV, Reed DR, Mennella JA. Individual Differences Among Children in Sucrose Detection Thresholds: Relationship With Age, Gender, and Bitter Taste Genotype. Nurs Res 2016; 65:3-12. [PMID: 26633761 PMCID: PMC4679349 DOI: 10.1097/nnr.0000000000000138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little research has focused on whether there are individual differences among children in their sensitivity to sweet taste and, if so, the biological correlates of such differences. OBJECTIVES Our goal was to understand how variations in children's sucrose detection thresholds relate to their age and gender, taste genotype, body composition, and dietary intake of added sugars. METHODS Sucrose detection thresholds in 7- to 14-year-old children were tested individually using a validated, two-alternative, forced-choice, paired-comparison tracking method. Five genetic variants of taste genes were assayed: TAS1R3 and GNAT3 (sweet genes; one variant each) and the bitter receptor gene TAS2R38 (three variants). All children were measured for body weight and height. A subset of these children were measured for the percentage of body fat and waist circumference and provided added sugar intake by 24-hour dietary recall. RESULTS Sucrose thresholds ranged from 0.23 to 153.8 mM with most of the children completing the threshold task (216/235; 92%). Some children were biologically related (i.e., siblings), and for the genetic analysis, one sibling from each family was studied. Variants in the bitter but not the sweet genes were related to sucrose threshold and sugar intake; children with two bitter-sensitive alleles could detect sucrose at lower concentrations (F(2,165) = 4.55, p = .01; rs1726866) and reported eating more added sugar (% kcal; F(2, 62) = 3.64, p = .03) than did children with less sensitive alleles. Age, gender, and indices of obesity also were related to child-to-child differences in sucrose threshold; girls were more sensitive than boys (t(214) = 2.0, p = .05), older children were more sensitive than younger children (r(214) = -.16, p = .02), and fatter (r(84) = -.22, p = .05) or more centrally obese children (r(84) = -.26, p = .02) were more sensitive relative to others. DISCUSSION Inborn differences in bitter sensitivity may affect childhood dietary sugar intake with long-term health consequences. There may be a more complex interplay between the developing bitter and sweet taste systems than previously understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paule Valery Joseph
- Paule Valery Joseph, MSN, CRNP, CRRN, CTN-B, is Visiting Fellow at Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and PhD candidate at University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Philadelphia. Danielle R. Reed, PhD, is Member; and Julie A. Mennella, PhD, is Member, Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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17
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Sandell M, Hoppu U, Lundén S, Salminen M, Puolimatka T, Laaksonen O, Laitinen K, Hopia A. Consumption of lingonberries by TAS2R38 genotype and sensory quality of texture-designed lingonberry samples. Food Qual Prefer 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodqual.2015.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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18
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Boxer EE, Garneau NL. Rare haplotypes of the gene TAS2R38 confer bitter taste sensitivity in humans. SPRINGERPLUS 2015; 4:505. [PMID: 26405625 PMCID: PMC4574037 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-015-1277-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Background The TAS2R38 gene is widely responsible for the well-known bimodal response to a family of bitter chemicals which includes 6-n-propylthiouracial (PROP). There are two common haplotypes of this gene, the recessive AVI and the dominant PAV, both of which are well studied. Conversely, the role of rare TAS2R38 haplotypes on bitter taste sensitivity has been notoriously difficult to study due to small sample sizes. Here we present PROP sensitivity data of 97 individuals that have been observed to carry rare haplotypes (AAV, AAI, PAI, PVI) of the TAS2R38 gene. Results Participants rated their bitter taste perception to a PROP filter disc then provided a buccal DNA sample from which the TAS2R38 gene was sequenced and analyzed. We found the prevalence of the PAV haplotype to be 42.3 %, AVI 53.1 %, AAV 2.5 %, AAI 1.2 %, PAI 0.8 % and PVI 0.1 %. We found that the AAI, AAV, and PAI haplotypes present intermediate taste sensitivity. Conclusions These data are further evidence that bitter taste sensitivity to PROP exists as a broad range, and not exclusively as nontasters, medium tasters, and supertasters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma E Boxer
- Genetics of Taste Lab, Health Sciences Department, Denver Museum of Nature & Science, 2001 Colorado Blvd., Denver, CO 80205 USA ; University of Colorado Denver, 1201 Larimer St., Denver, CO 80204 USA
| | - Nicole L Garneau
- Genetics of Taste Lab, Health Sciences Department, Denver Museum of Nature & Science, 2001 Colorado Blvd., Denver, CO 80205 USA
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Ciullo DL, Dotson CD. Using Animal Models to Determine the Role of Gustatory Neural Input in the Control of Ingestive Behavior and the Maintenance of Body Weight. CHEMOSENS PERCEPT 2015; 8:61-77. [PMID: 26557212 PMCID: PMC4636125 DOI: 10.1007/s12078-015-9190-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Decades of research have suggested that nutritional intake contributes to the development of human disease, mainly by influencing the development of obesity and obesity-related conditions. A relatively large body of research indicates that functional variation in human taste perception can influence nutritional intake as well as body mass accumulation. However, there are a considerable number of studies that suggest that no link between these variables actually exists. These discrepancies in the literature likely result from the confounding influence of a variety of other, uncontrolled, factors that can influence ingestive behavior. STRATEGY In this review, the use of controlled animal experimentation to alleviate at least some of these issues related to the lack of control of experimental variables is discussed. Specific examples of the use of some of these techniques are examined. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS The review will close with some specific suggestions aimed at strengthening the link between gustatory neural input and its putative influence on ingestive behaviors and the maintenance of body weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana L Ciullo
- Departments of Neuroscience and Psychiatry, Division of Addiction Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, and Center for Smell and Taste, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA,
| | - Cedrick D Dotson
- Departments of Neuroscience and Psychiatry, Division of Addiction Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, and Center for Smell and Taste, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA,
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Genetic variation in the hTAS2R38 taste receptor and food consumption among Finnish adults. GENES AND NUTRITION 2014; 9:433. [PMID: 25303850 PMCID: PMC4235829 DOI: 10.1007/s12263-014-0433-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Genetic variation in bitter taste receptors, such as hTAS2R38, may affect food preferences and intake. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between bitter taste receptor haplotypes and the consumption of vegetables, fruits, berries and sweet foods among an adult Finnish population. A cross-sectional design utilizing data from the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns cohort from 2007, which consisted of 1,903 men and women who were 30-45 years of age from five different regions in Finland, was employed. DNA was extracted from blood samples, and hTAS2R38 polymorphisms were determined based on three SNPs (rs713598, rs1726866 and rs10246939). Food consumption was assessed with a validated food frequency questionnaire. The prevalence of the bitter taste-sensitive (PAV/PAV) haplotype was 11.3 % and that of the insensitive (AVI/AVI) haplotype was 39.5 % among this Finnish population. PAV homozygotic women consumed fewer vegetables than did the AVI homozygotic women, 269 g/day (SD 131) versus 301 g/day (SD 187), respectively, p = 0.03 (multivariate ANOVA). Furthermore, the intake of sweet foods was higher among the PAV homozygotes of both genders. Fruit and berry consumption did not differ significantly between the haplotypes in either gender. Individuals perceive foods differently, and this may influence their patterns of food consumption. This study showed that the hTAS2R38 taste receptor gene variation was associated with vegetable and sweet food consumption among adults in a Finnish population.
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