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Gao L, Xu S, Zhang J, Kang J, Zhong S, Shi H. Promotion of seedling germination in Arabidopsis by B-box zinc-finger protein BBX32. Curr Biol 2024:S0960-9822(24)00766-8. [PMID: 38971148 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2024.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
Seed germination represents a determinant for plants to enter ecosystems and is thus regarded as a key ecological and agronomic trait. It is tightly regulated by a variety of environmental cues to ensure that seeds germinate under favorable conditions. Here, we characterize BBX32, a B-box zinc-finger protein, as an imbibition-stimulated positive regulator of seed germination. Belonging to subgroup V of the BBX family, BBX32 exhibits distinct characteristics compared with its close counterparts within the same subgroup. BBX32 is transiently induced at both the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels in the embryo upon water absorption. Genetic evidence indicates that BBX32 acts upstream of the master transcription factor PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTOR 1 (PIF1) to facilitate light-induced seed germination. BBX32 directly interacts with PIF1, suppressing its protein-interacting and DNA-binding capabilities, thereby relieving PIF1's repression on seed germination. Furthermore, the imbibition-stimulated BBX32 functions in parallel with the light-induced transcription regulator HFR1 to collectively attenuate the transcriptional activities of PIF1. The BBX32-PIF1 de-repression module serves as a molecular connection that enables plants to integrate signals of water availability and light exposure, effectively coordinating the initiation of seed germination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Gao
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Gene Resources and Biotechnology for Carbon Reduction and Environmental Improvement, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Sheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, and School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jinming Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Gene Resources and Biotechnology for Carbon Reduction and Environmental Improvement, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Jing Kang
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Gene Resources and Biotechnology for Carbon Reduction and Environmental Improvement, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Shangwei Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, and School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Agriculture Sciences in Weifang, Weifang 261325, China
| | - Hui Shi
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Gene Resources and Biotechnology for Carbon Reduction and Environmental Improvement, Beijing 100048, China.
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Chang J, Li J, Li J, Chen X, Jiao J, Li J, Song Z, Zhang B. The GA and ABA signaling is required for hydrogen-mediated seed germination in wax gourd. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:542. [PMID: 38872107 PMCID: PMC11177465 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05193-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hydrogen gas (H2), a novel and beneficial gaseous molecule, plays a significant role in plant growth and development processes. Hydrogen-rich water (HRW) is regarded as a safe and easily available way to study the physiological effects of H2 on plants. Several recent research has shown that HRW attenuates stress-induced seed germination inhibition; however, the underlying modes of HRW on seed germination remain obscure under non-stress condition. RESULTS In this current study, we investigated the possible roles of gibberellin (GA) and abscisic acid (ABA) in HRW-regulated seed germination in wax gourd (Benincasa hispida) through pharmacological, physiological, and transcriptome approaches. The results showed that HRW application at an optimal dose (50% HRW) significantly promoted seed germination and shortened the average germination time (AGT). Subsequent results suggested that 50% HRW treatment stimulated GA production by regulating GA biosynthesis genes (BhiGA3ox, BhiGA2ox, and BhiKAO), whereas it had no effect on the content of ABA and the expression of its biosynthesis (BhiNCED6) and catabolism genes (BhiCYP707A2) but decreased the expression of ABA receptor gene (BhiPYL). In addition, inhibition of GA production by paclobutrazol (PAC) could block the HRW-mediated germination. Treatment with ABA could hinder HRW-mediated seed germination and the ABA biosynthesis inhibitor sodium tungstate (ST) could recover the function of HRW. Furthermore, RNA-seq analysis revealed that, in the presence of GA or ABA, an abundance of genes involved in GA, ABA, and ethylene signal sensing and transduction might involve in HRW-regulated germination. CONCLUSIONS This study portrays insights into the mechanism of HRW-mediated seed germination, suggesting that HRW can regulate the balance between GA and ABA to mediate seed germination through ethylene signals in wax gourd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Chang
- Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetable, Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Jiawei Li
- Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetable, Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Jinlong Li
- Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetable, Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Xiao Chen
- Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetable, Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Jiabin Jiao
- Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetable, Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Jing Li
- Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetable, Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Zhao Song
- Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetable, Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Baige Zhang
- Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetable, Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
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Wang Y, Sun X, Peng J, Li F, Ali F, Wang Z. Regulation of seed germination: ROS, epigenetic, and hormonal aspects. J Adv Res 2024:S2090-1232(24)00225-X. [PMID: 38838783 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The whole life of a plant is regulated by complex environmental or hormonal signaling networks that control genomic stability, environmental signal transduction, and gene expression affecting plant development and viability. Seed germination, responsible for the transformation from seed to seedling, is a key initiation step in plant growth and is controlled by unique physiological and biochemical processes. It is continuously modulated by various factors including epigenetic modifications, hormone transport, ROS signaling, and interaction among them. ROS showed versatile crucial functions in seed germination including various physiological oxidations to nucleic acid, protein, lipid, or chromatin in the cytoplasm, cell wall, and nucleus. AIM of review: This review intends to provide novel insights into underlying mechanisms of seed germination especially associated with the ROS, and considers how these versatile regulatory mechanisms can be developed as useful tools for crop improvement. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW We have summarized the generation and elimination of ROS during seed germination, with a specific focus on uncovering and understanding the mechanisms of seed germination at the level of phytohormones, ROS, and epigenetic switches, as well as the close connections between them. The findings exhibit that ROS plays multiple roles in regulating the ethylene, ABA, and GA homeostasis as well as the Ca2+ signaling, NO signaling, and MAPK cascade in seed germination via either the signal trigger or the oxidative modifier agent. Further, ROS shows the potential in the nuclear genome remodeling and some epigenetic modifiers function, although the detailed mechanisms are unclear in seed germination. We propose that ROS functions as a hub in the complex network regulating seed germination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yakong Wang
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio‑breeding and Integrated Utilization, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; State Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio‑breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Xiangyang Sun
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio‑breeding and Integrated Utilization, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Jun Peng
- National Nanfan Research Institute (Sanya), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya 572024, Hainan, China; State Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio‑breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Fuguang Li
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio‑breeding and Integrated Utilization, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; National Nanfan Research Institute (Sanya), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya 572024, Hainan, China
| | - Faiza Ali
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio‑breeding and Integrated Utilization, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Zhi Wang
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio‑breeding and Integrated Utilization, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; National Nanfan Research Institute (Sanya), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya 572024, Hainan, China; State Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio‑breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China.
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Fang Z, Zhang K, Li J, Ma J, Ye C. Construction of a Membrane Yeast Two-Hybrid Library and Screening of MsPYR1-Like Interacting Proteins in Malus sieversii. Mol Biotechnol 2024:10.1007/s12033-024-01199-2. [PMID: 38824489 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-024-01199-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
To investigate the biological effects of the ABA receptor pyrabactin resistance 1-like (PYR1-like) in Malus sieversii seeds, the proteins interacting with MsPYR1-like were screened by the membrane yeast two-hybrid library based on the split-ubiquitin system, and to construct the bait vector pBT3-SUC-PYR1 for Malus sieversii cDNA library, which had no self-activating effect on the yeast cells of the pPR3-N membrane yeast two-hybrid library. The library titer assay showed that it could meet the requirements for membrane yeast two-hybrid library screening. After sequencing, GenBank database blast, and yeast rotary validation, 28 candidate proteins interacting with MsPYR1-like were obtained, including ribosomal proteins, late embryogenesis abundant proteins, F-actin-capping proteins, phytochrome-interacting proteins, low-temperature-inducible 65 kDa protein-like, senescence-associated, PP2C and SnRK2 family members, and unknown proteins. Gene ontology analysis of the interaction proteins was related to plant hormone response and negative regulation of seed germination, overexpression of MsPYR1-like in Arabidopsis negatively regulates seed germination, and the study of the biological roles of MsPYR1-like interacting proteins lays the foundation for revealing the lifting of seed dormancy in Malus sieversii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Fang
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, 830052, Xinjiang, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, 830052, Xinjiang, China
| | - Jing Li
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, 830052, Xinjiang, China
| | - Juan Ma
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, 830052, Xinjiang, China
| | - Chunxiu Ye
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, 830052, Xinjiang, China.
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Carrera-Castaño G, Mira S, Fañanás-Pueyo I, Sánchez-Montesino R, Contreras Á, Weiste C, Dröge-Laser W, Gómez L, Oñate-Sánchez L. Complex control of seed germination timing by ERF50 involves RGL2 antagonism and negative feedback regulation of DOG1. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 242:2026-2042. [PMID: 38494681 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Seed dormancy governs germination timing, with both evolutionary and applied consequences. Despite extensive studies on the hormonal and genetic control of these processes, molecular mechanisms directly linking dormancy and germination remain poorly understood. By screening a collection of lines overexpressing Arabidopsis transcription factors, we identified ERF50 as a key gene to control dormancy and germination. To study its regulation, we measured seed-related physiological parameters in loss-of-function mutants and carried out transactivation, protein interaction and ChIP-PCR analyses. We found direct ERF50-mediated repression of DOG1 and activation of EXPA2 transcription, which results in enhanced seed germination. Although ERF50 expression is increased by DOG1 in dormant seeds, ERF50 germination-promoting activity is blocked by RGL2. The physiological, genetic and molecular evidence gathered here supports that ERF50 controls germination timing by regulating DOG1 levels to leverage its role as enhancer of seed germination, via RGL2 antagonism on EXPA2 expression. Our results highlight the central role of ERF50 as a feedback regulator to couple and fine-tune seed dormancy and germination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerardo Carrera-Castaño
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP, UPM-INIA) Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA, CSIC), Campus de Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, 28223, Spain
| | - Sara Mira
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP, UPM-INIA) Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA, CSIC), Campus de Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, 28223, Spain
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - Iris Fañanás-Pueyo
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP, UPM-INIA) Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA, CSIC), Campus de Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, 28223, Spain
| | - Rocío Sánchez-Montesino
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP, UPM-INIA) Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA, CSIC), Campus de Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, 28223, Spain
| | - Ángela Contreras
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP, UPM-INIA) Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA, CSIC), Campus de Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, 28223, Spain
| | - Christoph Weiste
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Biology, Biocenter, Julius-von-Sachs-Institute, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, 97082, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Dröge-Laser
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Biology, Biocenter, Julius-von-Sachs-Institute, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, 97082, Germany
| | - Luis Gómez
- Departamento de Sistemas y Recursos Naturales, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería de Montes, Forestal y del Medio Natural, 28040, Madrid, Spain
- Centro para la Conservación de la Biodiversidad y el Desarrollo Sostenible, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería de Montes, Forestal y del Medio Natural, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - Luis Oñate-Sánchez
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP, UPM-INIA) Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA, CSIC), Campus de Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, 28223, Spain
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Madrid, 28040, Spain
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6
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Xin X, Farid G, Nepal J, He S, Yang X, He Z. Comparative effectiveness of carbon nanoparticles and biochar in alleviating copper stress in corn (Zea mays L.). CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 355:141745. [PMID: 38521100 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
The application of carbon nanoparticles (CNPs) and biochar in agriculture for improving plant health and soil quality and alleviating metal stress offers alternative approaches to meet the ever-increasing demand for food. However, poor understanding of their roles in improving crop production under Cu stress represents a significant obstacle to their wide application in agriculture. To clarify how CNPs and biochar affect corn (Zea mays L.) seed germination, seedling growth, plant health, and nutrient uptake under different Cu stress levels, soil-less Petri-dish and greenhouse soil-based bioassays were conducted. The results revealed that CNPs and biochar stimulated corn seed germination and seedling growth. Besides, they were effective in immobilizing Cu2+ sorption in sandy soil and alleviating Cu stress for plant growth, as shown by the increased plant height and dry biomass. The plant nutrient uptake efficiency (NUE) was significantly increased by CNPs, with a maximum increase of 63.1% for N and 63.3% for K at the highest Cu2+ stress level (400 mg Cu2+ L-1). In contrast, non-significant effects on NUE were observed with biochar treatments regardless of Cu stress levels. Interestingly, CNPs significantly increased plant uptake of Cu in the Petri dish test, while biochar inhibited plant uptake of Cu under both experimental conditions. Principle component analysis (PCA) and Pearson correlation analysis indicated that CNPs mitigated Cu stress mainly by elevating antioxidant enzyme activities, enhancing plant photochemical efficiency, and increasing plant uptake of N and K, while biochar was more likely to reduce bioavailability and uptake of Cu in the plant. These findings have great implications for the application of CNPs and biochar as plant growth stimulators and de-toxicity agents in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Xin
- University of Florida, Institution of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Soil, Water and Ecosystem Sciences Department, Florida, 34945, United States
| | - Ghulam Farid
- University of Florida, Institution of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Soil, Water and Ecosystem Sciences Department, Florida, 34945, United States; MNS University of Agriculture, Soil and Environmental Science Department, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Jaya Nepal
- University of Florida, Institution of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Soil, Water and Ecosystem Sciences Department, Florida, 34945, United States
| | - Shengjia He
- Zhejiang A & F University, School of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Xiaoe Yang
- Zhejiang University, College of Environ & Resource Science, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Zhenli He
- University of Florida, Institution of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Soil, Water and Ecosystem Sciences Department, Florida, 34945, United States.
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7
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Sajeev N, Koornneef M, Bentsink L. A commitment for life: Decades of unraveling the molecular mechanisms behind seed dormancy and germination. THE PLANT CELL 2024; 36:1358-1376. [PMID: 38215009 PMCID: PMC11062444 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koad328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Seeds are unique time capsules that can switch between 2 complex and highly interlinked stages: seed dormancy and germination. Dormancy contributes to the survival of plants because it allows to delay germination to optimal conditions. The switch between dormancy and germination occurs in response to developmental and environmental cues. In this review we provide a comprehensive overview of studies that have helped to unravel the molecular mechanisms underlying dormancy and germination over the last decades. Genetic and physiological studies provided a strong foundation for this field of research and revealed the critical role of the plant hormones abscisic acid and gibberellins in the regulation of dormancy and germination, and later natural variation studies together with quantitative genetics identified previously unknown genetic components that control these processes. Omics technologies like transcriptome, proteome, and translatomics analysis allowed us to mechanistically dissect these processes and identify new components in the regulation of seed dormancy and germination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Sajeev
- Wageningen Seed Science Centre, Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, 6708PB Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Maarten Koornneef
- Laboratory of Genetics, Wageningen University, 6708PB Wageningen, the Netherlands
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Former Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Koeln 50829, Germany
| | - Leónie Bentsink
- Wageningen Seed Science Centre, Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, 6708PB Wageningen, the Netherlands
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8
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Yan F, Wei T, Yang C, Yang Y, Luo Z, Jiang Y. Combined Analysis of Untargeted Metabolomics and Transcriptomics Revealed Seed Germination and Seedling Establishment in Zelkova schneideriana. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:488. [PMID: 38674422 PMCID: PMC11050531 DOI: 10.3390/genes15040488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Zelkova schneideriana Hand.-Mazz is a valuable ornamental tree and timber source, whose seedling breeding and large-scale cultivation are restricted by low seed germination and seedling rates. The regulatory mechanisms underlying seed germination and seedling establishment in Z. schneideriana remain unknown. This study conducted metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses of seed germination and seedling establishment in Z. schneideriana. Regular expression of genes and metabolite levels has been observed in plant hormone signal transduction, starch and sucrose metabolism, linoleic acid metabolism, and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis. The reduction in abscisic acid during seed germination may lead to seed release from dormancy. After the seed is released from dormancy, the metabolic levels of auxin, cytokinins, brassinolide, and various sugars are elevated, and they are consumed in large quantities during the seedling establishment stage. Linoleic acid metabolism is gradually activated during seedling establishment. Transcriptome analysis showed that a large number of genes in different metabolic pathways are upregulated during plant establishment, and material metabolism may be accelerated during seedling establishment. Genes regulating carbohydrate metabolism are altered during seed germination and seedling establishment, which may have altered the efficiency of carbohydrate utilization. In addition, the syntheses of lignin monomers and cellulose have different characteristics at different stages. These results provide new insights into the complex mechanisms underlying seed germination and seedling establishment in Z. schneideriana and other woody plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengxia Yan
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Biodiversity Conservation in Karst Mountainous Areas of Southwestern China, Guizhou Academy of Forestry, Guiyang 550005, China; (F.Y.); (Y.Y.); (Y.J.)
| | - Tangmei Wei
- Xingyi Forestry Bureau, Qianxinan Prefecture Guizhou, Guiyang 562400, China;
| | - Chao Yang
- Institute for Forest Resources and Environment, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China;
| | - Yanbing Yang
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Biodiversity Conservation in Karst Mountainous Areas of Southwestern China, Guizhou Academy of Forestry, Guiyang 550005, China; (F.Y.); (Y.Y.); (Y.J.)
| | - Zaiqi Luo
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Biodiversity Conservation in Karst Mountainous Areas of Southwestern China, Guizhou Academy of Forestry, Guiyang 550005, China; (F.Y.); (Y.Y.); (Y.J.)
| | - Yunli Jiang
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Biodiversity Conservation in Karst Mountainous Areas of Southwestern China, Guizhou Academy of Forestry, Guiyang 550005, China; (F.Y.); (Y.Y.); (Y.J.)
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9
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Zhu K, Wu J, Hu A, Yin Z, Hou Z, Ye X, Chen S. Extensive Analysis of Mulberry ( Morus rubra L.) Polysaccharides with Different Maturities by Using Two-Step Extraction and LC/QqQ-MS. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024. [PMID: 38606987 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c07847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
A primary challenge of polysaccharide analysis is the need for comprehensive extraction and characterization methods. In this study, mulberry polysaccharides at different maturities were fully extracted through a two-step process involving ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH), and their structures were determined by a combination analysis of monosaccharides and glycosidic linkages based on liquid chromatography triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (LC/QqQ-MS). The results indicate mulberry polysaccharides mainly contain highly branched pectic polysaccharides, (1,3,6)-linked glucan, xylan, and xyloglucan, but the content of different portions varies at different maturity stages. HG decreases from 19.12 and 19.14% (green mulberry) to 9.80 and 6.08% (red mulberry) but increases to 17.83 and 11.83% as mulberry transitioned from red to black. In contrast, the contents of glucan showed opposite trends. When mulberry turns red to black, the RG-I arabinan chains decrease from 47.75 and 28.86% to 13.16 and 12.72%, while the galactan side chains increase from 1.18 and 1.91 to 8.3 and 6.49%, xylan and xyloglucan show an increase in content. Overall, the two-step extraction combined with LC/QqQ-MS provides a new strategy for extensive analysis of complex plant polysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Integrated Research Base of Southern Fruit and Vegetable Preservation Technology, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jinghua Wu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Integrated Research Base of Southern Fruit and Vegetable Preservation Technology, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ankai Hu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Integrated Research Base of Southern Fruit and Vegetable Preservation Technology, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zihao Yin
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Integrated Research Base of Southern Fruit and Vegetable Preservation Technology, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhiqiang Hou
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Integrated Research Base of Southern Fruit and Vegetable Preservation Technology, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xingqian Ye
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Integrated Research Base of Southern Fruit and Vegetable Preservation Technology, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Zhejiang University Zhongyuan Institute, Zhengzhou 450000, China
- Ningbo Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China
- Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta, Zhejiang University, Jiaxing 314102, China
| | - Shiguo Chen
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Integrated Research Base of Southern Fruit and Vegetable Preservation Technology, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Zhejiang University Zhongyuan Institute, Zhengzhou 450000, China
- Ningbo Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China
- Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta, Zhejiang University, Jiaxing 314102, China
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10
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Byregowda R, Nagarajappa N, Rajendra Prasad S, Kumar MP. Comparative regulatory network of transcripts behind radicle emergence and seedling stage of maize ( Zea mays L.). Heliyon 2024; 10:e25683. [PMID: 38370253 PMCID: PMC10869873 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The transition from radicle emergence to seedling growth in maize is a crucial phase in the plant's life cycle, where rapid physiological and biochemical changes occur to facilitate successful development. In this study, we conducted a comparative transcriptomic analysis to gain a deeper understanding of the molecular processes driving this critical transition. The early divergence in gene expression patterns highlighted the upregulation of a substantial number of genes during radicle emergence. During radicle emergence, gene ontology (GO) term enrichment analysis unveiled active participation in biological processes such as chromatin assembly, cellular response to abiotic stress, and hormone signaling. This indicates that the initial stages of growth are marked by cellular expansion and adaptation to environmental stimuli. Conversely, in the seedling growth stage, GO analysis demonstrated a shift toward processes such as photosynthesis, nitrogen metabolism, and secondary metabolite biosynthesis, reflecting a transition to energy production and enhanced growth. In contrast, seedling growth was characterized by pathways related to photosynthesis and the production of gibberellins, crucial for robust seedling development. Hormonal regulation and starch metabolism were also prominent during radicle emergence, with various hormones, including auxins, diterpenoids, and brassinosteroids, driving processes like cell enlargement and stem growth. Moreover, starch and sucrose metabolism genes were expressed to mobilize stored reserves for energy during this stage. These findings offer valuable insights into the dynamic regulation of genes and pathways during this critical phase of maize development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roopashree Byregowda
- Department of Seed Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore 560065, India
| | - Nethra Nagarajappa
- Seed Technology Research Center, All India Co-ordinated Research Project on Seed (Crops), Gandhi Krishi Vignana Kendra, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore 560065, India
| | | | - M.K. Prasanna Kumar
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, India
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11
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Krzyszton M, Sacharowski SP, Manjunath VH, Muter K, Bokota G, Wang C, Plewczyński D, Dobisova T, Swiezewski S. Dormancy heterogeneity among Arabidopsis thaliana seeds is linked to individual seed size. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2024; 5:100732. [PMID: 37828740 PMCID: PMC10873894 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2023.100732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Production of morphologically and physiologically variable seeds is an important strategy that helps plants to survive in unpredictable natural conditions. However, the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana and most agronomically essential crops produce visually homogenous seeds. Using automated phenotype analysis, we observed that small seeds in Arabidopsis tend to have higher primary and secondary dormancy levels than large seeds. Transcriptomic analysis revealed distinct gene expression profiles between large and small seeds. Large seeds have higher expression of translation-related genes implicated in germination competence. By contrast, small seeds have elevated expression of many positive regulators of dormancy, including a key regulator of this process, the DOG1 gene. Differences in DOG1 expression are associated with differential production of its alternative cleavage and polyadenylation isoforms; in small seeds, the proximal poly(A) site is selected, resulting in a short mRNA isoform. Furthermore, single-seed RNA sequencing analysis demonstrated that large seeds resemble DOG1 knockout mutant seeds. Finally, on the single-seed level, expression of genes affected by seed size is correlated with expression of genes that position seeds on the path toward germination. Our results demonstrate an unexpected link between seed size and dormancy phenotypes in a species that produces highly homogenous seed pools, suggesting that the correlation between seed morphology and physiology is more widespread than initially assumed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Krzyszton
- Laboratory of Seeds Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, PAS, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Sebastian P Sacharowski
- Laboratory of Seeds Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, PAS, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Veena Halale Manjunath
- Laboratory of Seeds Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, PAS, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Muter
- Laboratory of Seeds Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, PAS, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Bokota
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Genomics, Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ce Wang
- Laboratory of Seeds Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, PAS, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dariusz Plewczyński
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Genomics, Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland; Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Computational Genomics, Faculty of Mathematics and Information Science, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Szymon Swiezewski
- Laboratory of Seeds Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, PAS, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland.
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12
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Nogueira A, Puga H, Gerós H, Teixeira A. Seed germination and seedling development assisted by ultrasound: gaps and future research directions. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024; 104:583-597. [PMID: 37728938 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Since the early 1930s, when the first corn hybrids were grown commercially, innovations in the agriculture industry have had an unprecedent impact worldwide, helping to meet the demands for food of an exponentially growing population. In particular, seed technology research has contributed substantially to the improvement of crop performance over the years. Ultrasonic treatment of seeds is a green technology that promises to have an impact on the food industry, enhancing germination and seedling development in different species through the stimulation of water and oxygen uptake and seed metabolism. The increase in starch degradation has been associated with the stimulation of the α-amylases of the endosperm, but relatively few reports focus on how ultrasound affects seed germination at the biochemical and molecular levels. For instance, the picture is still unclear regarding the impact of ultrasound on transcriptional reprogramming in seeds. The purpose of this review is to assess the literature on ultrasound seed treatment accurately and critically, ultimately aiming to encourage new scientific and technological breakthroughs with a real impact on worldwide agricultural production while promoting sustainable practices on biological systems. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- António Nogueira
- CMEMS-UMinho - Centre for Microelectromechanical Systems, University of Minho, Guimarães, Portugal
- CBMA-UMinho - Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology, Department of Biology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Hélder Puga
- CMEMS-UMinho - Centre for Microelectromechanical Systems, University of Minho, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Hernâni Gerós
- CBMA-UMinho - Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology, Department of Biology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - António Teixeira
- CBMA-UMinho - Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology, Department of Biology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
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13
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Diaz‐Martin Z, De Vitis M, Havens K, Kramer AT, MacKechnie LM, Fant J. Species-specific effects of production practices on genetic diversity in plant reintroduction programs. Evol Appl 2023; 16:1956-1968. [PMID: 38143906 PMCID: PMC10739063 DOI: 10.1111/eva.13614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant production practices can influence the genetic diversity of cultivated plant materials and, ultimately, their potential to adapt to a reintroduction site. A common step in the plant production process is the application of seed pretreatment to alleviate physiological seed dormancy and successfully germinate seeds. In production settings, the seeds that germinate more rapidly may be favored in order to fill plant quotas. In this study, we investigated how the application of cold-moist stratification treatments with different durations can lead to differences in the genetic diversity of the propagated plant materials. Specifically, we exposed seeds of three Viola species to two different cold stratification durations, and then we analyzed the genetic diversity of the resulting subpopulations through double-digestion restriction site-associated sequencing (ddRADseq). Our results show that, in two out of three species, utilizing a short stratification period will decrease the genetic diversity of neutral and expressed loci, likely due to the imposition of a genetic bottleneck and artificial selection. We conclude that, in some species, the use of minimal stratification practices in production may jeopardize the adaptive potential and long-term persistence of reintroduced populations and suggest that practitioners carefully consider the evolutionary implications of their production protocols. We highlight the need to consider the germination ecology of target species when selecting the length of dormancy-breaking pretreatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe Diaz‐Martin
- Department of BiologySpelman CollegeAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
- Chicago Botanic GardenNegaunee Institute for Plant Conservation Science and ActionGlencoeIllinoisUSA
- Plant Biology and ConservationNorthwestern UniversityEvanstonIllinoisUSA
| | - Marcello De Vitis
- Chicago Botanic GardenNegaunee Institute for Plant Conservation Science and ActionGlencoeIllinoisUSA
- Plant Biology and ConservationNorthwestern UniversityEvanstonIllinoisUSA
- Southeastern Grasslands InstituteAustin Peay State UniversityClarksvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Kayri Havens
- Chicago Botanic GardenNegaunee Institute for Plant Conservation Science and ActionGlencoeIllinoisUSA
- Plant Biology and ConservationNorthwestern UniversityEvanstonIllinoisUSA
| | - Andrea T. Kramer
- Chicago Botanic GardenNegaunee Institute for Plant Conservation Science and ActionGlencoeIllinoisUSA
- Plant Biology and ConservationNorthwestern UniversityEvanstonIllinoisUSA
| | | | - Jeremie Fant
- Chicago Botanic GardenNegaunee Institute for Plant Conservation Science and ActionGlencoeIllinoisUSA
- Plant Biology and ConservationNorthwestern UniversityEvanstonIllinoisUSA
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14
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Boanares D, Da-Silva CJ, Costa KJA, Filgueira JPPS, Salles MLOC, Neto LP, Gastauer M, Valadares R, Medeiros PS, Ramos SJ, Caldeira CF. Exogenous Nitric Oxide Alleviates Water Deficit and Increases the Seed Production of an Endemic Amazonian Canga Grass. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16676. [PMID: 38068998 PMCID: PMC10706291 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Open pit mining can cause loss in different ecosystems, including damage to habitats of rare and endemic species. Understanding the biology of these species is fundamental for their conservation, and to assist in decision-making. Sporobolus multiramosus is an annual grass endemic to the Amazon canga ecosystems, which comprise rocky outcrop vegetation covering one of the world's largest iron ore reserves. Here, we evaluated whether nitric oxide aids S. multiramosus in coping with water shortages and examined the physiological processes behind these adaptations. nitric oxide application improved the water status, photosynthetic efficiency, biomass production, and seed production and germination of S. multiramosus under water deficit conditions. These enhancements were accompanied by adjustments in leaf and root anatomy, including changes in stomata density and size and root endodermis thickness and vascular cylinder diameter. Proteomic analysis revealed that nitric oxide promoted the activation of several proteins involved in the response to environmental stress and flower and fruit development. Overall, the results suggest that exogenous nitric oxide has the potential to enhance the growth and productivity of S. multiramosus. Enhancements in seed productivity have significant implications for conservation initiatives and can be applied to seed production areas, particularly for the restoration of native ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Boanares
- Instituto Tecnológico Vale, Belém 66055-090, PA, Brazil; (D.B.); (K.J.A.C.); (J.P.P.S.F.); (M.L.O.C.S.); (M.G.); (R.V.); (P.S.M.); (S.J.R.)
| | - Cristiane J. Da-Silva
- Department of Horticulture Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7609, USA;
| | - Keila Jamille Alves Costa
- Instituto Tecnológico Vale, Belém 66055-090, PA, Brazil; (D.B.); (K.J.A.C.); (J.P.P.S.F.); (M.L.O.C.S.); (M.G.); (R.V.); (P.S.M.); (S.J.R.)
| | | | | | - Luiz Palhares Neto
- Department of Biology, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, Jequié 45083-900, BA, Brazil;
| | - Markus Gastauer
- Instituto Tecnológico Vale, Belém 66055-090, PA, Brazil; (D.B.); (K.J.A.C.); (J.P.P.S.F.); (M.L.O.C.S.); (M.G.); (R.V.); (P.S.M.); (S.J.R.)
| | - Rafael Valadares
- Instituto Tecnológico Vale, Belém 66055-090, PA, Brazil; (D.B.); (K.J.A.C.); (J.P.P.S.F.); (M.L.O.C.S.); (M.G.); (R.V.); (P.S.M.); (S.J.R.)
| | - Priscila Sanjuan Medeiros
- Instituto Tecnológico Vale, Belém 66055-090, PA, Brazil; (D.B.); (K.J.A.C.); (J.P.P.S.F.); (M.L.O.C.S.); (M.G.); (R.V.); (P.S.M.); (S.J.R.)
| | - Silvio Junio Ramos
- Instituto Tecnológico Vale, Belém 66055-090, PA, Brazil; (D.B.); (K.J.A.C.); (J.P.P.S.F.); (M.L.O.C.S.); (M.G.); (R.V.); (P.S.M.); (S.J.R.)
| | - Cecilio Frois Caldeira
- Instituto Tecnológico Vale, Belém 66055-090, PA, Brazil; (D.B.); (K.J.A.C.); (J.P.P.S.F.); (M.L.O.C.S.); (M.G.); (R.V.); (P.S.M.); (S.J.R.)
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15
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Perea-Brenes A, Garcia JL, Cantos M, Cotrino J, Gonzalez-Elipe AR, Gomez-Ramirez A, Lopez-Santos C. Germination and First Stages of Growth in Drought, Salinity, and Cold Stress Conditions of Plasma-Treated Barley Seeds. ACS AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 3:760-770. [PMID: 37766795 PMCID: PMC10520973 DOI: 10.1021/acsagscitech.3c00121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Numerous works have demonstrated that cold plasma treatments constitute an effective procedure to accelerate seed germination under nonstress conditions. Evidence also exists about a positive effect of plasmas for germination under environmental stress conditions. For barley seeds, this work studies the influence of cold plasma treatments on the germination rate and initial stages of plant growth in common stress environments, such as drought, salinity, and low-temperature conditions. As a general result, it has been found that the germination rate was higher for plasma-treated than for untreated seeds. Plasma also induced favorable changes in plant and radicle dimensions, which depended on the environment. The obtained results demonstrate that plasma affects the biochemical metabolic chains of seeds and plants, resulting in changes in the concentration of biochemical growing factors, a faster germination, and an initially more robust plant growth, even under stress conditions. These changes in phenotype are accompanied by differences in the concentration of biomarkers such as photosynthetic pigments (chlorophylls a and b and carotenoids), reactive oxygen species, and, particularly, the amino acid proline in the leaves of young plants, with changes that depend on environmental conditions and the application of a plasma treatment. This supports the idea that, rather than an increase in seed water imbibition capacity, there are clear beneficial effects on seedling of plasma treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Perea-Brenes
- Nanotechnology
on Surfaces and Plasma Laboratory, Institute of Materials Science
of Seville, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones
Científicas-Universidad de Sevilla, Seville 41092, Spain
- Department
of Plant Biotechnology, Institute of Natural Resources and Agrobiology
of Seville, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones
Científicas, Seville 41012, Spain
| | - Jose Luis Garcia
- Department
of Plant Biotechnology, Institute of Natural Resources and Agrobiology
of Seville, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones
Científicas, Seville 41012, Spain
| | - Manuel Cantos
- Department
of Plant Biotechnology, Institute of Natural Resources and Agrobiology
of Seville, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones
Científicas, Seville 41012, Spain
| | - Jose Cotrino
- Nanotechnology
on Surfaces and Plasma Laboratory, Institute of Materials Science
of Seville, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones
Científicas-Universidad de Sevilla, Seville 41092, Spain
- Departamento
de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville 41012, Spain
| | - Agustín R. Gonzalez-Elipe
- Nanotechnology
on Surfaces and Plasma Laboratory, Institute of Materials Science
of Seville, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones
Científicas-Universidad de Sevilla, Seville 41092, Spain
| | - Ana Gomez-Ramirez
- Nanotechnology
on Surfaces and Plasma Laboratory, Institute of Materials Science
of Seville, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones
Científicas-Universidad de Sevilla, Seville 41092, Spain
- Departamento
de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville 41012, Spain
| | - Carmen Lopez-Santos
- Nanotechnology
on Surfaces and Plasma Laboratory, Institute of Materials Science
of Seville, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones
Científicas-Universidad de Sevilla, Seville 41092, Spain
- Departamento
de Física Aplicada I, Escuela Politécnica Superior, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville 41011, Spain
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16
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Wei J, Xu L, Shi Y, Cheng T, Tan W, Zhao Y, Li C, Yang X, Ouyang L, Wei M, Wang J, Lu G. Transcriptome profile analysis of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.) during seed germination reveals the drought stress-induced genes associated with energy, hormone, and phenylpropanoid pathways. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 200:107750. [PMID: 37210860 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L. Czern and Coss) is an important oil and vegetable crop frequently affected by seasonal drought stress during seed germination, which retards plant growth and causes yield loss considerably. However, the gene networks regulating responses to drought stress in leafy Indian mustard remain elusive. Here, we elucidated the underlying gene networks and pathways of drought response in leafy Indian mustard using next-generation transcriptomic techniques. Phenotypic analysis showed that the drought-tolerant leafy Indian mustard cv. 'WeiLiang' (WL) had a higher germination rate, antioxidant capacity, and better growth performance than the drought-sensitive cv. 'ShuiDong' (SD). Transcriptome analysis identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in both cultivars under drought stress during four germination time points (i.e., 0, 12, 24, and 36 h); most of which were classified as drought-responsive, seed germination, and dormancy-related genes. In the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genome (KEGG) analyses, three main pathways (i.e., starch and sucrose metabolism, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, and plant hormone signal transduction) were unveiled involved in response to drought stress during seed germination. Furthermore, Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) identified several hub genes (novel.12726, novel.1856, BjuB027900, BjuA003402, BjuA021578, BjuA005565, BjuB006596, novel.12977, and BjuA033308) associated with seed germination and drought stress in leafy Indian mustard. Taken together, these findings deepen our understanding of the gene networks for drought responses during seed germination in leafy Indian mustard and provide potential target genes for the genetic improvement of drought tolerance in this crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxing Wei
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, 525000, China; Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Linghui Xu
- Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yu Shi
- Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Tianfang Cheng
- Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Wenlan Tan
- Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yongguo Zhao
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, 525000, China
| | - Chunsheng Li
- Hubei Engineering University, Xiaogan, 432000, China
| | - Xinyu Yang
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, 525000, China
| | - Lejun Ouyang
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, 525000, China
| | - Mingken Wei
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, 525000, China
| | - Junxia Wang
- Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Guangyuan Lu
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, 525000, China.
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17
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Luo Y, Zhang Y, Jiang Y, Dai Z, Li Q, Mou J, Xu L, Deng S, Li J, Wang R, Liu J, Deng Z. iTRAQ-Based Proteomic and Physiological Analyses Reveal the Mechanisms of Dehydration and Cryopreservation Tolerance of Sophora tonkinensis Gagnep. Seeds. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12091842. [PMID: 37176899 PMCID: PMC10180571 DOI: 10.3390/plants12091842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Sophora tonkinensi is a shrub of the genus Sophora in the family Fabaceae with anti-inflammatory and pain-relieving effects. While the cultivation, chemical makeup, and medicinal properties of S. tonkinensis have been reported, the physiological mechanisms governing its dehydration and cryopreservation tolerance of seeds remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the morphological, physiological, biochemical, and protein expression characteristics of S. tonkinensis seeds subjected to dehydration and cryopreservation techniques via the observation of cell microstructure, determination of antioxidant enzyme activity, and iTRAQ-based proteomic analysis, respectively. The results of the study demonstrated that the seeds possessed a certain level of tolerance to dehydration. The highest germination percentage of 83.0% was observed after 2 h of dehydration (10.1% water content), which was identified as the optimal time point for cryopreservation. However, the germination percentage was reduced to only 30.5% when the water content reached 5.4%, indicating that S. tonkinensis seeds exhibit intermediate storage behavior. Further investigation revealed that during seed dehydration and cryopreservation treatment, liposomes were gradually and highly fused, whereas the activities of ROS scavenging and stress defense were significantly enhanced. During dehydration, the seed tissues formed a protective mechanism of stress resistance based on protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum and antioxidant system, which was related to the dehydration tolerance. Moreover, only three differentially expressed LEA proteins were identified, and it is speculated that the strengthening of intracellular metabolism and the absence of specific LEA and dehydrins could be crucial factors for the reduced germination percentage after excessive dehydration and cryopreservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjian Luo
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biologic Resources Protection and Utilization, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, China
- Agro-biological Gene Research Center, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources Preservation and Utilization, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Research Center for Germplasm Engineering of Characteristic Plant Resources in Enshi Prefecture, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, China
- The Plant Germplasm Resources Laboratory, School of Forestry and Horticulture, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, China
| | - Yixin Zhang
- Agro-biological Gene Research Center, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources Preservation and Utilization, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yu Jiang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biologic Resources Protection and Utilization, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, China
- Research Center for Germplasm Engineering of Characteristic Plant Resources in Enshi Prefecture, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, China
- The Plant Germplasm Resources Laboratory, School of Forestry and Horticulture, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, China
| | - Zhangyan Dai
- Agro-biological Gene Research Center, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources Preservation and Utilization, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Qing Li
- Agro-biological Gene Research Center, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources Preservation and Utilization, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Jiaolin Mou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biologic Resources Protection and Utilization, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, China
- Research Center for Germplasm Engineering of Characteristic Plant Resources in Enshi Prefecture, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, China
- The Plant Germplasm Resources Laboratory, School of Forestry and Horticulture, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, China
| | - Li Xu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biologic Resources Protection and Utilization, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, China
- Research Center for Germplasm Engineering of Characteristic Plant Resources in Enshi Prefecture, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, China
- The Plant Germplasm Resources Laboratory, School of Forestry and Horticulture, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, China
| | - Shiming Deng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biologic Resources Protection and Utilization, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, China
- Research Center for Germplasm Engineering of Characteristic Plant Resources in Enshi Prefecture, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, China
- The Plant Germplasm Resources Laboratory, School of Forestry and Horticulture, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, China
| | - Jitao Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biologic Resources Protection and Utilization, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, China
- Research Center for Germplasm Engineering of Characteristic Plant Resources in Enshi Prefecture, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, China
- The Plant Germplasm Resources Laboratory, School of Forestry and Horticulture, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, China
| | - Ru Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biologic Resources Protection and Utilization, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, China
- Research Center for Germplasm Engineering of Characteristic Plant Resources in Enshi Prefecture, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, China
- The Plant Germplasm Resources Laboratory, School of Forestry and Horticulture, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Agro-biological Gene Research Center, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources Preservation and Utilization, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Zhijun Deng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biologic Resources Protection and Utilization, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, China
- Research Center for Germplasm Engineering of Characteristic Plant Resources in Enshi Prefecture, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, China
- The Plant Germplasm Resources Laboratory, School of Forestry and Horticulture, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, China
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Zaghdoud C, Ollio I, Solano CJ, Ochoa J, Suardiaz J, Fernández JA, Martínez Ballesta MDC. Red LED Light Improves Pepper ( Capsicum annuum L.) Seed Radicle Emergence and Growth through the Modulation of Aquaporins, Hormone Homeostasis, and Metabolite Remobilization. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054779. [PMID: 36902208 PMCID: PMC10002511 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Red LED light (R LED) is an efficient tool to improve seed germination and plant growth under controlled environments since it is more readily absorbed by photoreceptors' phytochromes compared to other wavelengths of the spectrum. In this work, the effect of R LED on the radicle emergence and growth (Phase III of germination) of pepper seeds was evaluated. Thus, the impact of R LED on water transport through different intrinsic membrane proteins, via aquaporin (AQP) isoforms, was determined. In addition, the remobilization of distinct metabolites such as amino acids, sugars, organic acids, and hormones was analysed. R LED induced a higher germination speed index, regulated by an increased water uptake. PIP2;3 and PIP2;5 aquaporin isoforms were highly expressed and could contribute to a faster and more effective hydration of embryo tissues, leading to a reduction of the germination time. By contrast, TIP1;7, TIP1;8, TIP3;1 and TIP3;2 gene expressions were reduced in R LED-treated seeds, pointing to a lower need for protein remobilization. NIP4;5 and XIP1;1 were also involved in radicle growth but their role needs to be elucidated. In addition, R LED induced changes in amino acids and organic acids as well as sugars. Therefore, an advanced metabolome oriented to a higher energetic metabolism was observed, conditioning better seed germination performance together with a rapid water flux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chokri Zaghdoud
- Bureau de Transfert de Technologie (BuTT), Université de Gafsa, Gafsa 2112, Tunisia
| | - Irene Ollio
- Ingeniería Agronómica, Technical University of Cartagena, Paseo Alfonso XIII 48, E-30203 Cartagena, Spain
- Recursos Fitogenéticos, Instituto de Biotecnología Vegetal, Edificio I+D+i, E-30202 Cartagena, Spain
| | - Cristóbal J. Solano
- División of Innovation in Telematic Systems and Electronic Technology (DINTEL), Technical University of Cartagena, Campus Muralla del Mar, s/n, E-30202 Cartagena, Spain
| | - Jesús Ochoa
- Ingeniería Agronómica, Technical University of Cartagena, Paseo Alfonso XIII 48, E-30203 Cartagena, Spain
- Recursos Fitogenéticos, Instituto de Biotecnología Vegetal, Edificio I+D+i, E-30202 Cartagena, Spain
| | - Juan Suardiaz
- División of Innovation in Telematic Systems and Electronic Technology (DINTEL), Technical University of Cartagena, Campus Muralla del Mar, s/n, E-30202 Cartagena, Spain
| | - Juan A. Fernández
- Ingeniería Agronómica, Technical University of Cartagena, Paseo Alfonso XIII 48, E-30203 Cartagena, Spain
- Recursos Fitogenéticos, Instituto de Biotecnología Vegetal, Edificio I+D+i, E-30202 Cartagena, Spain
| | - María del Carmen Martínez Ballesta
- Ingeniería Agronómica, Technical University of Cartagena, Paseo Alfonso XIII 48, E-30203 Cartagena, Spain
- Recursos Fitogenéticos, Instituto de Biotecnología Vegetal, Edificio I+D+i, E-30202 Cartagena, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-968-325457
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Zhou W, Duan Y, Jiang X, Tan X, Li Q, Wang H, Zhang Y, Zhang M. Transcriptome and metabolome analyses reveal novel insights into the seed germination of Michelia chapensis, an endangered species in China. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 328:111568. [PMID: 36528126 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Michelia chapensis Dandy, a well-known medicinal woody plant endemic to China, is endangered and seriously constricted by seed dormancy-induced low-regeneration in natural conditions. Cold stratification can effectively reduce seed dormancy and promote the seed germination of M. chapensis. However, the molecular events and systematic changes that occurred during seed germination in M. chapensis remain largely unknown. In this study, we carried out transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses to elucidate the potential molecular mechanisms underlying seed germination in M. chapensis under cold stratification. The results showed that the embryo cells became bigger and looser with increasing stratification time. Moreover, the endosperm appeared reduced due to the consumption of nutrients. Seventeen phytohormones were examined by the metabolome targeted for hormones. Compared with the ES (no stratification), the levels of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and gibberellin A3 (GA3) were increased in the MS (stratification for 45 days), while the abscisic acid (ABA) was downregulated in both MS and LS (stratification for 90 days). The transcriptome profiling identified 24975 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the seeds during germination. The seed germination of M. chapensis was mainly regulated by the biological pathways of plant hormone signal transduction, energy supply, secondary metabolite biosynthesis, photosynthesis-related metabolism, and transcriptional regulation. This study reveals the biological evidence of seed germination at the transcriptional level and provides a foundation for unraveling molecular mechanisms regulating the seed germination of M. chapensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuxian Zhou
- Institute of Chinese Herbal Medicines, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Enshi, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Cultivation of Herb Medicine, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Enshi, China
| | - Yuanyuan Duan
- Institute of Chinese Herbal Medicines, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Enshi, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Cultivation of Herb Medicine, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Enshi, China
| | - Xiaogang Jiang
- Institute of Chinese Herbal Medicines, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Enshi, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Cultivation of Herb Medicine, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Enshi, China
| | - Xuhui Tan
- Institute of Chinese Herbal Medicines, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Enshi, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Cultivation of Herb Medicine, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Enshi, China
| | - Qin Li
- Institute of Chinese Herbal Medicines, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Enshi, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Cultivation of Herb Medicine, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Enshi, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Institute of Chinese Herbal Medicines, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Enshi, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Cultivation of Herb Medicine, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Enshi, China
| | - Yajuan Zhang
- Agricultural and Rural Bureau of Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Enshi, China
| | - Meide Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Herbal Medicines, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Enshi, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Cultivation of Herb Medicine, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Enshi, China.
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20
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Xie J, Li Y, Jiang G, Sun H, Liu X, Han L. Seed color represents salt resistance of alfalfa seeds ( Medicago sativa L.): Based on the analysis of germination characteristics, seedling growth and seed traits. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1104948. [PMID: 36875586 PMCID: PMC9978207 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1104948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) has significant feed value and ecological improvement function of marginal land. The difference in the maturity period of seeds in the same lots may be a mechanism of environmental adaptation. Seed color is a morphological trait associated with seed maturity. A clear understanding of the relationship between the seed color and seed stress resistance is helpful for seed selection for marginal land. METHODS This study evaluated the seed germination parameters (germinability and final germination percentage) and subsequent seedling growth (sprout height, root length, fresh and dry weight) of alfalfa under different salt stress, measured the electrical conductivity, water uptake, seed coat thickness, and endogenous hormone content in alfalfa seeds with different colors (green, yellow and brown). RESULTS The results showed that seed color significantly influenced the seed germination and seedling growth. The germination parameters and seedling performance of brown seeds were significantly lower than that of green and yellow seeds under different salt stress. The germination parameters and seedling growth of brown seed declined most obviously with the aggravation of salt stress. The results suggested that brown seeds were less resistant to salt stress. Seed color had a significant effect on electrical conductivity, and it indicated that the yellow seeds had higher vigor. The seed coat thickness of various colors did not differ significantly. The seed water uptake rate and hormone content (IAA, GA3, ABA) in brown seeds were higher than that in green and yellow seeds, while the (IAA+GA3)/ ABA in yellow seeds were higher than green and brown seeds. The alterations in seed germination and seedling performance among seed colors are likely due to the combination effect of the content and balance between IAA+GA3 and ABA. DISCUSSION These results could improve the understanding of stress adaptation mechanisms of alfalfa and provide a theoretical basis for screening alfalfa seeds with high stress resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Xie
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Soil Ecology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Yao Li
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Soil Ecology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Gaoqian Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Soil Ecology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongyong Sun
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lipu Han
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Ramtekey V, Cherukuri S, Kumar S, V. SK, Sheoran S, K. UB, K. BN, Kumar S, Singh AN, Singh HV. Seed Longevity in Legumes: Deeper Insights Into Mechanisms and Molecular Perspectives. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:918206. [PMID: 35968115 PMCID: PMC9364935 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.918206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Sustainable agricultural production largely depends upon the viability and longevity of high-quality seeds during storage. Legumes are considered as rich source of dietary protein that helps to ensure nutritional security, but associated with poor seed longevity that hinders their performance and productivity in farmer's fields. Seed longevity is the key determinant to assure proper seed plant value and crop yield. Thus, maintenance of seed longevity during storage is of prime concern and a pre-requisite for enhancing crop productivity of legumes. Seed longevity is significantly correlated with other seed quality parameters such as germination, vigor, viability and seed coat permeability that affect crop growth and development, consequently distressing crop yield. Therefore, information on genetic basis and regulatory networks associated with seed longevity, as well as molecular dissection of traits linked to longevity could help in developing crop varieties with good storability. Keeping this in view, the present review focuses towards highlighting the molecular basis of seed longevity, with special emphasis on candidate genes and proteins associated with seed longevity and their interplay with other quality parameters. Further, an attempt was made to provide information on 3D structures of various genetic loci (genes/proteins) associated to seed longevity that could facilitate in understanding the interactions taking place within the seed at molecular level. This review compiles and provides information on genetic and genomic approaches for the identification of molecular pathways and key players involved in the maintenance of seed longevity in legumes, in a holistic manner. Finally, a hypothetical fast-forward breeding pipeline has been provided, that could assist the breeders to successfully develop varieties with improved seed longevity in legumes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sunil Kumar
- Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute-IASRI, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Seema Sheoran
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Regional Station, Karnal, India
| | - Udaya Bhaskar K.
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Seed Science, Regional Station, Bengaluru, India
| | - Bhojaraja Naik K.
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Seed Science, Regional Station, Bengaluru, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Seed Science, Mau, India
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22
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Gong D, He F, Liu J, Zhang C, Wang Y, Tian S, Sun C, Zhang X. Understanding of Hormonal Regulation in Rice Seed Germination. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12071021. [PMID: 35888110 PMCID: PMC9324290 DOI: 10.3390/life12071021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Seed germination is a critical stage during the life cycle of plants. It is well known that germination is regulated by a series of internal and external factors, especially plant hormones. In Arabidopsis, many germination-related factors have been identified, while in rice, the important crop and monocot model species and the further molecular mechanisms and regulatory networks controlling germination still need to be elucidated. Hormonal signals, especially those of abscisic acid (ABA) and gibberellin (GA), play a dominant role in determining whether a seed germinates or not. The balance between the content and sensitivity of these two hormones is the key to the regulation of germination. In this review, we present the foundational knowledge of ABA and GA pathways obtained from germination research in Arabidopsis. Then, we highlight the current advances in the identification of the regulatory genes involved in ABA- or GA-mediated germination in rice. Furthermore, other plant hormones regulate seed germination, most likely by participating in the ABA or GA pathways. Finally, the results from some regulatory layers, including transcription factors, post-transcriptional regulations, and reactive oxygen species, are also discussed. This review aims to summarize our current understanding of the complex molecular networks involving the key roles of plant hormones in regulating the seed germination of rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diankai Gong
- Liaoning Rice Research Institute, Shenyang 110115, China; (D.G.); (C.Z.); (Y.W.); (S.T.); (C.S.)
| | - Fei He
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Breeding, Tianjin Crop Research Institute, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin 300384, China; (F.H.); (J.L.)
| | - Jingyan Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Breeding, Tianjin Crop Research Institute, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin 300384, China; (F.H.); (J.L.)
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Liaoning Rice Research Institute, Shenyang 110115, China; (D.G.); (C.Z.); (Y.W.); (S.T.); (C.S.)
| | - Yanrong Wang
- Liaoning Rice Research Institute, Shenyang 110115, China; (D.G.); (C.Z.); (Y.W.); (S.T.); (C.S.)
| | - Shujun Tian
- Liaoning Rice Research Institute, Shenyang 110115, China; (D.G.); (C.Z.); (Y.W.); (S.T.); (C.S.)
| | - Chi Sun
- Liaoning Rice Research Institute, Shenyang 110115, China; (D.G.); (C.Z.); (Y.W.); (S.T.); (C.S.)
| | - Xue Zhang
- Liaoning Rice Research Institute, Shenyang 110115, China; (D.G.); (C.Z.); (Y.W.); (S.T.); (C.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-150-4020-6835
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23
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Zaretskaya MV, Lebedeva ON, Fedorenko OM. Role of DOG1 and FT, Key Regulators of Seed Dormancy, in Adaptation of Arabidopsis thaliana from the Northern Natural Populations. RUSS J GENET+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795422070158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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24
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Smolikova G, Strygina K, Krylova E, Vikhorev A, Bilova T, Frolov A, Khlestkina E, Medvedev S. Seed-to-Seedling Transition in Pisum sativum L.: A Transcriptomic Approach. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11131686. [PMID: 35807638 PMCID: PMC9268910 DOI: 10.3390/plants11131686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The seed-to-seedling transition is a crucial step in the plant life cycle. The transition occurs at the end of seed germination and corresponds to the initiation of embryonic root growth. To improve our understanding of how a seed transforms into a seedling, we germinated the Pisum sativum L. seeds for 72 h and divided them into samples before and after radicle protrusion. Before radicle protrusion, seeds survived after drying and formed normally developed seedlings upon rehydration. Radicle protrusion increased the moisture content level in seed axes, and the accumulation of ROS first generated in the embryonic root and plumule. The water and oxidative status shift correlated with the desiccation tolerance loss. Then, we compared RNA sequencing-based transcriptomics in the embryonic axes isolated from pea seeds before and after radicle protrusion. We identified 24,184 differentially expressed genes during the transition to the post-germination stage. Among them, 2101 genes showed more prominent expression. They were related to primary and secondary metabolism, photosynthesis, biosynthesis of cell wall components, redox status, and responses to biotic stress. On the other hand, 415 genes showed significantly decreased expression, including the groups related to water deprivation (eight genes) and response to the ABA stimulus (fifteen genes). We assume that the water deprivation group, especially three genes also belonging to ABA stimulus (LTI65, LTP4, and HVA22E), may be crucial for the desiccation tolerance loss during a metabolic switch from seed to seedling. The latter is also accompanied by the suppression of ABA-related transcription factors ABI3, ABI4, and ABI5. Among them, HVA22E, ABI4, and ABI5 were highly conservative in functional domains and showed homologous sequences in different drought-tolerant species. These findings elaborate on the critical biochemical pathways and genes regulating seed-to-seedling transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galina Smolikova
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia; (K.S.); (E.K.); (T.B.); (S.M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Ksenia Strygina
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia; (K.S.); (E.K.); (T.B.); (S.M.)
| | - Ekaterina Krylova
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia; (K.S.); (E.K.); (T.B.); (S.M.)
- Postgenomic Studies Laboratory, Federal Research Center N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources of Russian Academy of Sciences, 190000 St. Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Aleksander Vikhorev
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia;
| | - Tatiana Bilova
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia; (K.S.); (E.K.); (T.B.); (S.M.)
| | - Andrej Frolov
- Department of Biochemistry, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia;
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Elena Khlestkina
- Postgenomic Studies Laboratory, Federal Research Center N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources of Russian Academy of Sciences, 190000 St. Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Sergei Medvedev
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia; (K.S.); (E.K.); (T.B.); (S.M.)
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Deng J, Kong L, Zhu Y, Pei D, Chen X, Wang Y, Qi J, Song C, Yang S, Gong Z. BAK1 plays contrasting roles in regulating abscisic acid-induced stomatal closure and abscisic acid-inhibited primary root growth in Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 64:1264-1280. [PMID: 35352463 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms that balance plant growth and stress responses are poorly understood, but they appear to involve abscisic acid (ABA) signaling mediated by protein kinases. Here, to explore these mechanisms, we examined the responses of Arabidopsis thaliana protein kinase mutants to ABA treatment. We found that mutants of BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE 1-ASSOCIATED RECEPTOR KINASE 1 (BAK1) were hypersensitive to the effects of ABA on both seed germination and primary root growth. The kinase OPEN STOMATA 1 (OST1) was more highly activated by ABA in bak1 mutant than the wild type. BAK1 was not activated by ABA treatment in the dominant negative mutant abi1-1 or the pyr1 pyl4 pyl5 pyl8 quadruple mutant, but it was more highly activated by this treatment in the abi1-2 abi2-2 hab1-1 loss-of-function triple mutant than the wild type. BAK1 phosphorylates OST1 T146 and inhibits its activity. Genetic analyses suggested that BAK1 acts at or upstream of core components in the ABA signaling pathway, including PYLs, PP2Cs, and SnRK2s, during seed germination and primary root growth. Although the upstream brassinosteroid (BR) signaling components BAK1 and BR INSENSITIVE 1 (BRI1) positively regulate ABA-induced stomatal closure, mutations affecting downstream components of BR signaling, including BRASSINOSTEROID-SIGNALING KINASEs (BSKs) and BRASSINOSTEROID-INSENSITIVE 2 (BIN2), did not affect ABA-mediated stomatal movement. Thus, our study uncovered an important role of BAK1 in negatively regulating ABA signaling during seed germination and primary root growth, but positively modulating ABA-induced stomatal closure, thus optimizing the plant growth under drought stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinping Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Lingyao Kong
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Yinhua Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Dan Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xuexue Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Junsheng Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Chunpeng Song
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Crop Stress Biology, Institute of Plant Stress Biology, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475001, Henan, China
| | - Shuhua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhizhong Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Institute of Life Science and Green Development, School of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
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Zhang Y, Liu Y, Sun L, Baskin CC, Baskin JM, Cao M, Yang J. Seed dormancy in space and time: global distribution, paleoclimatic and present climatic drivers, and evolutionary adaptations. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 234:1770-1781. [PMID: 35292965 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Seed dormancy is an important life history state that increases survival and fitness of seed plants, and thus it has attracted much attention. However, global biogeography, effects of paleoenvironment, evolutionary roles of dormancy transitions, and differences in adaptations of seed dormancy between life-forms are poorly understood. We compiled global distribution records for seed dormancy of 12 743 species and their phylogeny to explore the biogeographic patterns, environmental drivers, and evolutionary transitions between seed dormancy and nondormancy. Biogeographic patterns reveal a low proportion of dormancy in tropical rainforest regions and arctic regions and a high proportion of dormancy in remaining tropical, subtropical, and temperate regions for all species and woody species. Herbaceous plants show a greater proportion of dormancy in most global regions except arctic regions. Seasonal environments have a consistent positive influence on the dormancy pattern for both life-forms, but precipitation and temperature were important driving factors for woody and herbaceous plants, respectively. Seed dormancy was the dominating state during the evolutionary history of seed plants, and dormancy transitions had a significant relationship with paleotemperatures. Dormancy and nondormancy transitions in response to fluctuating environments during long-term evolutionary history may have played important roles in the diversification of seed plants. Our results add to the current knowledge about seed dormancy from macro-adaptive perspectives and the potential adaptive mechanisms of seed plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazhou Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan, 666303, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan, 666303, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lu Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan, 666303, China
| | - Carol C Baskin
- Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40546, USA
| | - Jerry M Baskin
- Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA
| | - Min Cao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan, 666303, China
| | - Jie Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan, 666303, China
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Iwasaki M, Penfield S, Lopez-Molina L. Parental and Environmental Control of Seed Dormancy in Arabidopsis thaliana. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 73:355-378. [PMID: 35138879 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-102820-090750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Seed dormancy-the absence of seed germination under favorable germination conditions-is a plant trait that evolved to enhance seedling survival by avoiding germination under unsuitable environmental conditions. In Arabidopsis, dormancy levels are influenced by the seed coat composition, while the endosperm is essential to repress seed germination of dormant seeds upon their imbibition. Recent research has shown that the mother plant modulates its progeny seed dormancy in response to seasonal temperature changes by changing specific aspects of seed coat and endosperm development. This process involves genomic imprinting by means of epigenetic marks deposited in the seed progeny and regulators previously known to regulate flowering time. This review discusses and summarizes these discoveries and provides an update on our present understanding of the role of DOG1 and abscisic acid, two key contributors to dormancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayumi Iwasaki
- Department of Botany and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland;
| | - Steven Penfield
- Department of Crop Genetics, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Luis Lopez-Molina
- Department of Botany and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland;
- Institute of Genetics and Genomics in Geneva (iGE3), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Zhu J, Tang G, Xu P, Li G, Ma C, Li P, Jiang C, Shan L, Wan S. Genome-wide identification of xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase gene family members in peanut and their expression profiles during seed germination. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13428. [PMID: 35602895 PMCID: PMC9121870 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Seed germination marks the beginning of a new plant life cycle. Improving the germination rate of seeds and the consistency of seedling emergence in the field could improve crop yields. Many genes are involved in the regulation of seed germination. Our previous study found that some peanut XTHs (xyloglucan endotransglucosylases/hydrolases) were expressed at higher levels at the newly germinated stage. However, studies of the XTH gene family in peanut have not been reported. In this study, a total of 58 AhXTH genes were identified in the peanut genome. Phylogenetic analysis showed that these AhXTHs, along with 33 AtXTHs from Arabidopsis and 61 GmXTHs from soybean, were classified into three subgroups: the I/II, IIIA and IIIB subclades. All AhXTH genes were unevenly distributed on the 18 peanut chromosomes, with the exception of chr. 07 and 17, and they had relatively conserved exon-intron patterns, most with three to four introns. Through chromosomal distribution pattern and synteny analysis, it was found that the AhXTH family experienced many replication events, including 42 pairs of segmental duplications and 23 pairs of tandem duplications, during genome evolution. Conserved motif analysis indicated that their encoded proteins contained the conserved ExDxE domain and N-linked glycosylation sites and displayed the conserved secondary structural loops 1-3 in members of the same group. Expression profile analysis of freshly harvested seeds, dried seeds, and newly germinated seeds using transcriptome data revealed that 26 AhXTH genes, which account for 45% of the gene family, had relatively higher expression levels at the seed germination stage, implying the important roles of AhXTHs in regulating seed germination. The results of quantitative real-time PCR also confirmed that some AhXTHs were upregulated during seed germination. The results of GUS histochemical staining showed that AhXTH4 was mainly expressed in germinated seeds and etiolated seedlings and had higher expression levels in elongated hypocotyls. AhXTH4 was also verified to play a crucial role in the cell elongation of hypocotyls during seed germination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieqiong Zhu
- College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China,Bio-Tech Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Jinan, China
| | - Guiying Tang
- Bio-Tech Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Jinan, China
| | - Pingli Xu
- Bio-Tech Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Jinan, China
| | - Guowei Li
- College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China,Bio-Tech Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Jinan, China
| | - Changle Ma
- College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Pengxiang Li
- College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China,Bio-Tech Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Jinan, China
| | - Chunyu Jiang
- College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China,Bio-Tech Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Jinan, China
| | - Lei Shan
- College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China,Bio-Tech Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Jinan, China
| | - Shubo Wan
- College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China,Bio-Tech Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Jinan, China
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Chandrasekaran U, Zhao X, Luo X, Wei S, Shu K. Endosperm weakening: The gateway to a seed's new life. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 178:31-39. [PMID: 35276594 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Seed germination is a crucial stage in a plant's life cycle, during which the embryo, surrounded by several tissues, undergoes a transition from the quiescent to a highly active state. Endosperm weakening, a key step in this transition, plays an important role in radicle protrusion. Endosperm weakening is initiated upon water uptake, followed by multiple key molecular events occurring within and outside endosperm cells. Although available transcriptomes have provided information about pivotal genes involved in this process, a complete understanding of the signaling pathways are yet to be elucidated. Much remains to be learnt about the diverse intercellular signals, such as reactive oxygen species-mediated redox signals, phytohormone crosstalk, environmental cue-dependent oxidative phosphorylation, peroxisomal-mediated pectin degradation, and storage protein mobilization during endosperm cell wall loosening. This review discusses the evidences from recent researches into the mechanism of endosperm weakening. Further, given that the endosperm has great potential for manipulation by crop breeding and biotechnology, we offer several novel insights, which will be helpful in this research field and in its application to the improvement of crop production.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiaoting Zhao
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710012, China
| | - Xiaofeng Luo
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710012, China
| | - Shaowei Wei
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710012, China
| | - Kai Shu
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710012, China.
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Hourston JE, Steinbrecher T, Chandler JO, Pérez M, Dietrich K, Turečková V, Tarkowská D, Strnad M, Weltmeier F, Meinhard J, Fischer U, Fiedler‐Wiechers K, Ignatz M, Leubner‐Metzger G. Cold-induced secondary dormancy and its regulatory mechanisms in Beta vulgaris. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2022; 45:1315-1332. [PMID: 35064681 PMCID: PMC9305896 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The dynamic behaviour of seeds in soil seed banks depends on their ability to act as sophisticated environmental sensors to adjust their sensitivity thresholds for germination by dormancy mechanisms. Here we show that prolonged incubation of sugar beet fruits at low temperature (chilling at 5°C, generally known to release seed dormancy of many species) can induce secondary nondeep physiological dormancy of an apparently nondormant crop species. The physiological and biophysical mechanisms underpinning this cold-induced secondary dormancy include the chilling-induced accumulation of abscisic acid in the seeds, a reduction in the embryo growth potential and a block in weakening of the endosperm covering the embryonic root. Transcriptome analysis revealed distinct gene expression patterns in the different temperature regimes and upon secondary dormancy induction and maintenance. The chilling caused reduced expression of cell wall remodelling protein genes required for embryo cell elongation growth and endosperm weakening, as well as increased expression of seed maturation genes, such as for late embryogenesis abundant proteins. A model integrating the hormonal signalling and master regulator expression with the temperature-control of seed dormancy and maturation programmes is proposed. The revealed mechanisms of the cold-induced secondary dormancy are important for climate-smart agriculture and food security.
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Affiliation(s)
- James E. Hourston
- Department of Biological SciencesRoyal Holloway University of LondonEghamUK
| | - Tina Steinbrecher
- Department of Biological SciencesRoyal Holloway University of LondonEghamUK
| | - Jake O. Chandler
- Department of Biological SciencesRoyal Holloway University of LondonEghamUK
| | - Marta Pérez
- Department of Biological SciencesRoyal Holloway University of LondonEghamUK
| | | | - Veronika Turečková
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental BotanyCzech Academy of SciencesOlomoucCzech Republic
| | - Danuše Tarkowská
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental BotanyCzech Academy of SciencesOlomoucCzech Republic
| | - Miroslav Strnad
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental BotanyCzech Academy of SciencesOlomoucCzech Republic
| | | | | | | | | | - Michael Ignatz
- Department of Biological SciencesRoyal Holloway University of LondonEghamUK
| | - Gerhard Leubner‐Metzger
- Department of Biological SciencesRoyal Holloway University of LondonEghamUK
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental BotanyCzech Academy of SciencesOlomoucCzech Republic
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Verma S, Attuluri VPS, Robert HS. Transcriptional control of Arabidopsis seed development. PLANTA 2022; 255:90. [PMID: 35318532 PMCID: PMC8940821 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-022-03870-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The entire process of embryo development is under the tight control of various transcription factors. Together with other proteins, they act in a combinatorial manner and control distinct events during embryo development. Seed development is a complex process that proceeds through sequences of events regulated by the interplay of various genes, prominent among them being the transcription factors (TFs). The members of WOX, HD-ZIP III, ARF, and CUC families have a preferential role in embryonic patterning. While WOX TFs are required for initiating body axis, HD-ZIP III TFs and CUCs establish bilateral symmetry and SAM. And ARF5 performs a major role during embryonic root, ground tissue, and vasculature development. TFs such as LEC1, ABI3, FUS3, and LEC2 (LAFL) are considered the master regulators of seed maturation. Furthermore, several new TFs involved in seed storage reserves and dormancy have been identified in the last few years. Their association with those master regulators has been established in the model plant Arabidopsis. Also, using chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay coupled with transcriptomics, genome-wide target genes of these master regulators have recently been proposed. Many seed-specific genes, including those encoding oleosins and albumins, have appeared as the direct target of LAFL. Also, several other TFs act downstream of LAFL TFs and perform their function during maturation. In this review, the function of different TFs in different phases of early embryogenesis and maturation is discussed in detail, including information about their genetic and molecular interactors and target genes. Such knowledge can further be leveraged to understand and manipulate the regulatory mechanisms involved in seed development. In addition, the genomics approaches and their utilization to identify TFs aiming to study embryo development are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subodh Verma
- Mendel Centre for Genomics and Proteomics of Plants Systems, CEITEC MU - Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Venkata Pardha Saradhi Attuluri
- Mendel Centre for Genomics and Proteomics of Plants Systems, CEITEC MU - Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Hélène S. Robert
- Mendel Centre for Genomics and Proteomics of Plants Systems, CEITEC MU - Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
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Zhang H, Zang J, Huo Y, Zhang Z, Chen H, Chen X, Liu J. Identification of the Potential Genes Regulating Seed Germination Speed in Maize. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11040556. [PMID: 35214886 PMCID: PMC8879924 DOI: 10.3390/plants11040556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Seed germination is the crucial stage in plant life cycle. Rapid and uniform germination plays an essential role in plant development and grain yield improvement. However, the molecular mechanism underlying seed germination speed is largely unknown due to the complexity of the dynamic process and the difficulty in phenotyping. Here, we conducted a time-series comparative transcriptome study of two elite maize inbred lines, 72-3 and F9721, with striking difference in seed germination speed, and identified a major locus underlying maize germination speed through genome-wide association analysis (GWAS) of an F2 segregation population. Comparative transcriptome study identified 12 h after imbibition (HAI) as the critical stage responsible for the variation in germination speed. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between 72-3 and F9721 were mainly enriched in metabolic pathways, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, oxidoreductase activity pathways, hormone signal transduction, and amino acid transporter activity pathways. GWAS revealed that germination speed was controlled by a major locus on chromosome 1 with the leading SNP as AX-91332814, explaining 10.63% of phenotypic variation. A total of 87 proposed protein-coding genes surrounding the locus were integrated with DEGs. Combined with evidence from the gene expression database and gene synteny with other model species, we finally anchored three genes as the likely candidates regulating germination speed in maize. This study provides clues for the further exploration of genes controlling the maize seed germination speed, thus facilitating breeding of rapid germinated elite lines through marker assistant selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huairen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (H.Z.); (J.Z.); (Y.H.); (Z.Z.); (H.C.)
| | - Jie Zang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (H.Z.); (J.Z.); (Y.H.); (Z.Z.); (H.C.)
| | - Yanqing Huo
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (H.Z.); (J.Z.); (Y.H.); (Z.Z.); (H.C.)
| | - Zhaogui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (H.Z.); (J.Z.); (Y.H.); (Z.Z.); (H.C.)
| | - Huabang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (H.Z.); (J.Z.); (Y.H.); (Z.Z.); (H.C.)
| | - Xunji Chen
- Institute of Biotech & Nuclear, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China
- Correspondence: (X.C.); (J.L.); Tel.: +86-991-4527003 (X.C.); +86-010-64801561 (J.L.)
| | - Juan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (H.Z.); (J.Z.); (Y.H.); (Z.Z.); (H.C.)
- Correspondence: (X.C.); (J.L.); Tel.: +86-991-4527003 (X.C.); +86-010-64801561 (J.L.)
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Matilla AJ. Exploring Breakthroughs in Three Traits Belonging to Seed Life. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11040490. [PMID: 35214823 PMCID: PMC8875957 DOI: 10.3390/plants11040490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Based on prior knowledge and with the support of new methodology, solid progress in the understanding of seed life has taken place over the few last years. This update reflects recent advances in three key traits of seed life (i.e., preharvest sprouting, genomic imprinting, and stored-mRNA). The first breakthrough refers to cloning of the mitogen-activated protein kinase-kinase 3 (MKK3) gene in barley and wheat. MKK3, in cooperation with ABA signaling, controls seed dormancy. This advance has been determinant in producing improved varieties that are resistant to preharvest sprouting. The second advance concerns to uniparental gene expression (i.e., imprinting). Genomic imprinting primarily occurs in the endosperm. Although great advances have taken place in the last decade, there is still a long way to go to complete the puzzle regarding the role of genomic imprinting in seed development. This trait is probably one of the most important epigenetic facets of developing endosperm. An example of imprinting regulation is polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2). The mechanism of PRC2 recruitment to target endosperm with specific genes is, at present, robustly studied. Further progress in the knowledge of recruitment of PRC2 epigenetic machinery is considered in this review. The third breakthrough referred to in this update involves stored mRNA. The role of the population of this mRNA in germination is far from known. Its relations to seed aging, processing bodies (P bodies), and RNA binding proteins (RBPs), and how the stored mRNA is targeted to monosomes, are aspects considered here. Perhaps this third trait is the one that will require greater experimental dedication in the future. In order to make progress, herein are included some questions that are needed to be answered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel J Matilla
- Departamento de Biología Funcional (Área Fisiología Vegetal), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Chen JZ, Huang XL, Xiao XF, Liu JM, Liao XF, Sun QW, Peng L, Zhang L. Seed Dormancy Release and Germination Requirements of Cinnamomum migao, an Endangered and Rare Woody Plant in Southwest China. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:770940. [PMID: 35154219 PMCID: PMC8828499 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.770940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Seed dormancy is a complex adaptive trait of plants that are influenced by several physiological and environmental factors. The endangered plant Cinnamomum migao is also known to exhibit seed dormancy and low germination, which may influence its regeneration; however, these characteristics remain unexplored. To our knowledge, this study is the first to examine the type of dormancy and improve the germination percentage of C. migao seeds. We evaluated the structure and characteristics of the embryo and endocarp of C. migao seeds as well as the effects of endogenous inhibitors. Furthermore, we assessed the effects of light, stratification, alternating temperature, and gibberellic acid 3 (GA3) on the dormancy release of these seeds. The embryo was well developed the endocarp was water-permeable, and no obvious mechanical hindrance to germination was observed. However, the endocarp and embryo contained phenols and other germination inhibitors. The seed extracts of C. migao delayed the germination of cabbage and ryegrass seeds, which indicates the presence of endogenous inhibitors. These findings suggest that C. migao seeds exhibit physiological dormancy. Light and an alternating temperature (15/20°C) did not influence germination. However, GA3 pretreatment, alternating temperatures, and warm stratification relieved dormancy. GA3 pretreatment combined with the 15°C stratification treatment was most effective in rapidly releasing the C. migao seed dormancy. Our findings may facilitate the storage and conservation of this endangered plant, which is currently underrepresented in ex situ collections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xue-feng Xiao
- College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Ji-ming Liu
- College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Xiao-feng Liao
- Guizhou Province Institute of Mountain Resources, Guiyang, China
| | - Qing-wen Sun
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Liang Peng
- College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Lan Zhang
- College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
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35
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Seed germination and vigor: ensuring crop sustainability in a changing climate. Heredity (Edinb) 2022; 128:450-459. [PMID: 35013549 DOI: 10.1038/s41437-022-00497-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
In the coming decades, maintaining a steady food supply for the increasing world population will require high-yielding crop plants which can be productive under increasingly variable conditions. Maintaining high yields will require the successful and uniform establishment of plants in the field under altered environmental conditions. Seed vigor, a complex agronomic trait that includes seed longevity, germination speed, seedling growth, and early stress tolerance, determines the duration and success of this establishment period. Elevated temperature during early seed development can decrease seed size, number, and fertility, delay germination and reduce seed vigor in crops such as cereals, legumes, and vegetable crops. Heat stress in mature seeds can reduce seed vigor in crops such as lettuce, oat, and chickpea. Warming trends and increasing temperature variability can increase seed dormancy and reduce germination rates, especially in crops that require lower temperatures for germination and seedling establishment. To improve seed germination speed and success, much research has focused on selecting quality seeds for replanting, priming seeds before sowing, and breeding varieties with improved seed performance. Recent strides in understanding the genetic basis of variation in seed vigor have used genomics and transcriptomics to identify candidate genes for improving germination, and several studies have explored the potential impact of climate change on the percentage and timing of germination. In this review, we discuss these recent advances in the genetic underpinnings of seed performance as well as how climate change is expected to affect vigor in current varieties of staple, vegetable, and other crops.
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Matilla AJ. The Orthodox Dry Seeds Are Alive: A Clear Example of Desiccation Tolerance. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:plants11010020. [PMID: 35009023 PMCID: PMC8747232 DOI: 10.3390/plants11010020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
To survive in the dry state, orthodox seeds acquire desiccation tolerance. As maturation progresses, the seeds gradually acquire longevity, which is the total timespan during which the dry seeds remain viable. The desiccation-tolerance mechanism(s) allow seeds to remain dry without losing their ability to germinate. This adaptive trait has played a key role in the evolution of land plants. Understanding the mechanisms for seed survival after desiccation is one of the central goals still unsolved. That is, the cellular protection during dry state and cell repair during rewatering involves a not entirely known molecular network(s). Although desiccation tolerance is retained in seeds of higher plants, resurrection plants belonging to different plant lineages keep the ability to survive desiccation in vegetative tissue. Abscisic acid (ABA) is involved in desiccation tolerance through tight control of the synthesis of unstructured late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins, heat shock thermostable proteins (sHSPs), and non-reducing oligosaccharides. During seed maturation, the progressive loss of water induces the formation of a so-called cellular "glass state". This glassy matrix consists of soluble sugars, which immobilize macromolecules offering protection to membranes and proteins. In this way, the secondary structure of proteins in dry viable seeds is very stable and remains preserved. ABA insensitive-3 (ABI3), highly conserved from bryophytes to Angiosperms, is essential for seed maturation and is the only transcription factor (TF) required for the acquisition of desiccation tolerance and its re-induction in germinated seeds. It is noteworthy that chlorophyll breakdown during the last step of seed maturation is controlled by ABI3. This update contains some current results directly related to the physiological, genetic, and molecular mechanisms involved in survival to desiccation in orthodox seeds. In other words, the mechanisms that facilitate that an orthodox dry seed is a living entity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel J Matilla
- Departamento de Biología Funcional (Área Fisiología Vegetal), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Guo H, Lyv Y, Zheng W, Yang C, Li Y, Wang X, Chen R, Wang C, Luo J, Qu L. Comparative Metabolomics Reveals Two Metabolic Modules Affecting Seed Germination in Rice ( Oryza sativa). Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11120880. [PMID: 34940638 PMCID: PMC8707830 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11120880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The process of seed germination is crucial not only for the completion of the plant life cycle but also for agricultural production and food chemistry; however, the underlying metabolic regulation mechanism involved in this process is still far from being clearly revealed. In this study, one indica variety (Zhenshan 97, with rapid germination) and one japonica variety (Nipponbare, with slow germination) in rice were used for in-depth analysis of the metabolome at different germination stages (0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, 36, and 48 h after imbibition, HAI) and exploration of key metabolites/metabolic pathways. In total, 380 annotated metabolites were analyzed by using a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-based targeted method combined with a nontargeted metabolic profiling method. By using bioinformatics and statistical methods, the dynamic changes in metabolites during germination in the two varieties were compared. Through correlation analysis, coefficient of variation analysis and differential accumulation analysis, 74 candidate metabolites that may be closely related to seed germination were finally screened. Among these candidates, 29 members belong to the ornithine–asparagine–polyamine module and the shikimic acid–tyrosine–tryptamine–phenylalanine–flavonoid module. As the core member of the second module, shikimic acid’s function in the promotion of seed germination was confirmed by exogenous treatment. These results told that nitrogen flow and antioxidation/defense responses are potentially crucial for germinating seeds and seedlings. It deepens our understanding of the metabolic regulation mechanism of seed germination and points out the direction for our future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (H.G.); (Y.L.); (W.Z.); (C.Y.); (Y.L.); (X.W.); (J.L.)
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (R.C.); (C.W.)
| | - Yuanyuan Lyv
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (H.G.); (Y.L.); (W.Z.); (C.Y.); (Y.L.); (X.W.); (J.L.)
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (R.C.); (C.W.)
| | - Weikang Zheng
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (H.G.); (Y.L.); (W.Z.); (C.Y.); (Y.L.); (X.W.); (J.L.)
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Chenkun Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (H.G.); (Y.L.); (W.Z.); (C.Y.); (Y.L.); (X.W.); (J.L.)
| | - Yufei Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (H.G.); (Y.L.); (W.Z.); (C.Y.); (Y.L.); (X.W.); (J.L.)
| | - Xuyang Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (H.G.); (Y.L.); (W.Z.); (C.Y.); (Y.L.); (X.W.); (J.L.)
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ridong Chen
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (R.C.); (C.W.)
| | - Chao Wang
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (R.C.); (C.W.)
| | - Jie Luo
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (H.G.); (Y.L.); (W.Z.); (C.Y.); (Y.L.); (X.W.); (J.L.)
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (R.C.); (C.W.)
| | - Lianghuan Qu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (H.G.); (Y.L.); (W.Z.); (C.Y.); (Y.L.); (X.W.); (J.L.)
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Correspondence:
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Metabolic Changes in Seed Embryos of Hypoxia-Tolerant Rice and Hypoxia-Sensitive Barley at the Onset of Germination. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10112456. [PMID: 34834819 PMCID: PMC8622212 DOI: 10.3390/plants10112456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) are the cereal species differing in tolerance to oxygen deficiency. To understand metabolic differences determining the sensitivity to low oxygen, we germinated rice and barley seeds and studied changes in the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), activities of the enzymes involved in their scavenging, and measured cell damage parameters. The results show that alcohol dehydrogenase activity was higher in rice than in barley embryos providing efficient anaerobic fermentation. Nitric oxide (NO) levels were also higher in rice embryos indicating higher NO turnover. Both fermentation and NO turnover can explain higher ATP/ADP ratio values in rice embryos as compared to barley. Rice embryos were characterized by higher activity of S-nitrosoglutathione reductase than in barley and a higher level of free thiols in proteins. The activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, monodehydroascorbate reductase, dehydroascorbate reductase) in imbibed embryos were higher in rice than in barley, which corresponded to the reduced levels of ROS, malonic dialdehyde and electrolyte leakage. The observed differences in metabolic changes in embryos of the two cereal species differing in tolerance to hypoxia can partly explain the adaptation of rice to low oxygen environments.
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Walker M, Pérez M, Steinbrecher T, Gawthrop F, Pavlović I, Novák O, Tarkowská D, Strnad M, Marone F, Nakabayashi K, Leubner-Metzger G. Molecular mechanisms and hormonal regulation underpinning morphological dormancy: a case study using Apium graveolens (Apiaceae). THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 108:1020-1036. [PMID: 34510583 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Underdeveloped (small) embryos embedded in abundant endosperm tissue, and thus having morphological dormancy (MD) or morphophysiological dormancy (MPD), are considered to be the ancestral state in seed dormancy evolution. This trait is retained in the Apiaceae family, which provides excellent model systems for investigating the underpinning mechanisms. We investigated Apium graveolens (celery) MD by combined innovative imaging and embryo growth assays with the quantification of hormone metabolism, as well as the analysis of hormone and cell-wall related gene expression. The integrated experimental results demonstrated that embryo growth occurred inside imbibed celery fruits in association with endosperm degradation, and that a critical embryo size was required for radicle emergence. The regulation of these processes depends on gene expression leading to gibberellin and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) production by the embryo and on crosstalk between the fruit compartments. ABA degradation associated with distinct spatiotemporal patterns in ABA sensitivity control embryo growth, endosperm breakdown and radicle emergence. This complex interaction between gibberellins, IAA and ABA metabolism, and changes in the tissue-specific sensitivities to these hormones is distinct from non-MD seeds. We conclude that the embryo growth to reach the critical size and the associated endosperm breakdown inside MD fruits constitute a unique germination programme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Walker
- Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, TW20 0EX, UK
- Tozer Seeds, Tozer Seeds Ltd, Cobham, KT11 3EH, UK
| | - Marta Pérez
- Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, TW20 0EX, UK
| | - Tina Steinbrecher
- Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, TW20 0EX, UK
| | | | - Iva Pavlović
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences and Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, CZ-78371, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Novák
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences and Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, CZ-78371, Czech Republic
| | - Danuše Tarkowská
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences and Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, CZ-78371, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Strnad
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences and Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, CZ-78371, Czech Republic
| | - Federica Marone
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, CH-5232, Switzerland
| | - Kazumi Nakabayashi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, TW20 0EX, UK
| | - Gerhard Leubner-Metzger
- Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, TW20 0EX, UK
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences and Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, CZ-78371, Czech Republic
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Xu X, Zheng C, Lu D, Song CP, Zhang L. Phase separation in plants: New insights into cellular compartmentalization. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 63:1835-1855. [PMID: 34314106 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
A fundamental challenge for cells is how to coordinate various biochemical reactions in space and time. To achieve spatiotemporal control, cells have developed organelles that are surrounded by lipid bilayer membranes. Further, membraneless compartmentalization, a process induced by dynamic physical association of biomolecules through phase transition offers another efficient mechanism for intracellular organization. While our understanding of phase separation was predominantly dependent on yeast and animal models, recent findings have provided compelling evidence for emerging roles of phase separation in plants. In this review, we first provide an overview of the current knowledge of phase separation, including its definition, biophysical principles, molecular features and regulatory mechanisms. Then we summarize plant-specific phase separation phenomena and describe their functions in plant biological processes in great detail. Moreover, we propose that phase separation is an evolutionarily conserved and efficient mechanism for cellular compartmentalization which allows for distinct metabolic processes and signaling pathways, and is especially beneficial for the sessile lifestyle of plants to quickly and efficiently respond to the changing environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiumei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Canhui Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Dandan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Chun-Peng Song
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Lixin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
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Seed Dormancy and Pre-Harvest Sprouting in Rice-An Updated Overview. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111804. [PMID: 34769234 PMCID: PMC8583970 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pre-harvest sprouting is a critical phenomenon involving the germination of seeds in the mother plant before harvest under relative humid conditions and reduced dormancy. As it results in reduced grain yield and quality, it is a common problem for the farmers who have cultivated the rice and wheat across the globe. Crop yields need to be steadily increased to improve the people’s ability to adapt to risks as the world’s population grows and natural disasters become more frequent. To improve the quality of grain and to avoid pre-harvest sprouting, a clear understanding of the crops should be known with the use of molecular omics approaches. Meanwhile, pre-harvest sprouting is a complicated phenomenon, especially in rice, and physiological, hormonal, and genetic changes should be monitored, which can be modified by high-throughput metabolic engineering techniques. The integration of these data allows the creation of tailored breeding lines suitable for various demands and regions, and it is crucial for increasing the crop yields and economic benefits. In this review, we have provided an overview of seed dormancy and its regulation, the major causes of pre-harvest sprouting, and also unraveled the novel avenues to battle pre-harvest sprouting in cereals with special reference to rice using genomics and transcriptomic approaches.
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Smolikova G, Strygina K, Krylova E, Leonova T, Frolov A, Khlestkina E, Medvedev S. Transition from Seeds to Seedlings: Hormonal and Epigenetic Aspects. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:1884. [PMID: 34579418 PMCID: PMC8467299 DOI: 10.3390/plants10091884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Transition from seed to seedling is one of the critical developmental steps, dramatically affecting plant growth and viability. Before plants enter the vegetative phase of their ontogenesis, massive rearrangements of signaling pathways and switching of gene expression programs are required. This results in suppression of the genes controlling seed maturation and activation of those involved in regulation of vegetative growth. At the level of hormonal regulation, these events are controlled by the balance of abscisic acid and gibberellins, although ethylene, auxins, brassinosteroids, cytokinins, and jasmonates are also involved. The key players include the members of the LAFL network-the transcription factors LEAFY COTYLEDON1 and 2 (LEC 1 and 2), ABSCISIC ACID INSENSITIVE3 (ABI3), and FUSCA3 (FUS3), as well as DELAY OF GERMINATION1 (DOG1). They are the negative regulators of seed germination and need to be suppressed before seedling development can be initiated. This repressive signal is mediated by chromatin remodeling complexes-POLYCOMB REPRESSIVE COMPLEX 1 and 2 (PRC1 and PRC2), as well as PICKLE (PKL) and PICKLE-RELATED2 (PKR2) proteins. Finally, epigenetic methylation of cytosine residues in DNA, histone post-translational modifications, and post-transcriptional downregulation of seed maturation genes with miRNA are discussed. Here, we summarize recent updates in the study of hormonal and epigenetic switches involved in regulation of the transition from seed germination to the post-germination stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galina Smolikova
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Ksenia Strygina
- Postgenomic Studies Laboratory, Federal Research Center N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources, 190121 St. Petersburg, Russia; (K.S.); (E.K.); (E.K.)
| | - Ekaterina Krylova
- Postgenomic Studies Laboratory, Federal Research Center N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources, 190121 St. Petersburg, Russia; (K.S.); (E.K.); (E.K.)
| | - Tatiana Leonova
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany; (T.L.); (A.F.)
- Department of Biochemistry, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Andrej Frolov
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany; (T.L.); (A.F.)
- Department of Biochemistry, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Elena Khlestkina
- Postgenomic Studies Laboratory, Federal Research Center N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources, 190121 St. Petersburg, Russia; (K.S.); (E.K.); (E.K.)
| | - Sergei Medvedev
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia;
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Liu S, Yang L, Li J, Tang W, Li J, Lin R. FHY3 interacts with phytochrome B and regulates seed dormancy and germination. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 187:289-302. [PMID: 33764465 PMCID: PMC8418400 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Seed dormancy and germination are fundamental processes for plant propagation, both of which are tightly regulated by internal and external cues. Phytochrome B (phyB) is a major red/far-red-absorbing photoreceptor that senses light signals that modulate seed dormancy and germination. However, the components that directly transduce that signal downstream of phyB are mostly unknown. Here, we show that the transposase-derived transcription factor FAR-RED ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL3 (FHY3) inhibits seed dormancy and promotes phyB-mediated seed germination in Arabidopsis thaliana. FHY3 physically interacts with phyB in vitro and in vivo. RNA-sequencing and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction analyses showed that FHY3 regulates multiple downstream genes, including REVEILLE2 (RVE2), RVE7, and SPATULA (SPT). Yeast one-hybrid, electrophoresis mobility shift, and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays demonstrated that FHY3 directly binds these genes via a conserved FBS cis-element in their promoters. Furthermore, RVE2, RVE7, and GIBBERELLIN 3-OXIDASE 2 (GA3ox2) genetically act downstream of FHY3. Strikingly, light and phyB promote FHY3 protein accumulation. Our study reveals a transcriptional cascade consisting of phyB-FHY3-RVE2/RVE7/SPT-GA3ox2 that relays environmental light signals and thereby controls seed dormancy and germination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangrong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Liwen Yang
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Jialong Li
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Weijiang Tang
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Jigang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Rongcheng Lin
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Author for communication:
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Feng X, Li G, Xu S, Wu W, Chen Q, Shao S, Liu M, Wang N, Zhong C, He Z, Shi S. Genomic insights into molecular adaptation to intertidal environments in the mangrove Aegiceras corniculatum. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 231:2346-2358. [PMID: 34115401 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Mangroves have colonised extreme intertidal environments characterised by high salinity, hypoxia and other abiotic stresses. Aegiceras corniculatum, a pioneer mangrove species that has evolved two specialised adaptive traits (salt secretion and crypto-vivipary) is an attractive ecological model to investigate molecular mechanisms underlying adaptation to intertidal environments. We assembled de novo a high-quality reference genome of A. corniculatum and performed comparative genomic and transcriptomic analyses to investigate molecular mechanisms underlying adaptation to intertidal environments. We provide evidence that A. corniculatum experienced a whole-genome duplication (WGD) event c. 35 Ma. We infer that maintenance of cellular environmental homeostasis is an important adaptive process in A. corniculatum. The 14-3-3 and H+ -ATPase protein-coding genes, essential for the salt homeostasis, were preferentially retained after the recent WGD event. Using comparative transcriptomics, we show that genes upregulated under high-salt conditions are involved in salt transport and ROS scavenging. We also found that all homologues of DELAY OF GERMINATION1 (DOG1) had lost their heme-binding ability in A. corniculatum, and that this may contribute to crypto-vivipary. Our study provides insight into the genomic correlates of phenotypic adaptation to intertidal environments. This could contribute not only within the genomics community, but also to the field of plant evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Guohong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Shaohua Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Weihong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Qipian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Shao Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Min Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Nan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Cairong Zhong
- Hainan Academy of Forestry (Hainan Academy of Mangrove), Haikou, 571100, China
| | - Ziwen He
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Suhua Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
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Sato H, Santos-González J, Köhler C. Combinations of maternal-specific repressive epigenetic marks in the endosperm control seed dormancy. eLife 2021; 10:e64593. [PMID: 34427186 PMCID: PMC8456740 DOI: 10.7554/elife.64593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2)-mediated trimethylation of histone H3 on lysine 27 (H3K27me3) and methylation of histone 3 on lysine 9 (H3K9me) are two repressive epigenetic modifications that are typically localized in distinct regions of the genome. For reasons unknown, however, they co-occur in some organisms and special tissue types. In this study, we show that maternal alleles marked by H3K27me3 in the Arabidopsis endosperm were targeted by the H3K27me3 demethylase REF6 and became activated during germination. In contrast, maternal alleles marked by H3K27me3, H3K9me2, and CHG methylation (CHGm) are likely to be protected from REF6 targeting and remained silenced. Our study unveils that combinations of different repressive epigenetic modifications time a key adaptive trait by modulating access of REF6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hikaru Sato
- Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and Linnean Centre for Plant BiologyUppsalaSweden
| | - Juan Santos-González
- Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and Linnean Centre for Plant BiologyUppsalaSweden
| | - Claudia Köhler
- Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and Linnean Centre for Plant BiologyUppsalaSweden
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant PhysiologyPotsdam-GolmGermany
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46
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Wang S, Shen Y, Bao H. Morphological, physiological and biochemical changes in Magnolia zenii Cheng seed during development. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 172:2129-2141. [PMID: 33937990 PMCID: PMC8362153 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
An understanding of the seed dynamics of endangered plant species, such as Magnolia zenii Cheng, is important for successful conservation. This study examined the morphological, physiological and biochemical changes that occur in M. zenii Cheng during seed development to determine the appropriate harvest stage. The appearance of the seeds was influenced by the physiological and biochemical changes occurring during the developmental period, during which the colour of the fruits changed from green to red, while that of the seed changed from light brown to dark brown. There was a significant decrease in the seed moisture content from 90 to 120 days after flowering (DAF); however, there was no significant change from 135 to 165 DAF. The seeds from 135 DAF onwards showed developed cotyledonary embryos. The seed viability exceeded 95% from 135 DAF onwards; however, the germination percentage was 0, hypothesising that the seeds of M. zenii Cheng might exhibit physiological dormancy under certain conditions of this experiment. There was a significant increase in the fat, soluble sugar and soluble starch content of the seeds while approaching maturity. There were significant changes in malate dehydrogenase (MDH), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PDH), 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6-PGDH) and β-amylase activities in the seeds during the developmental period. At 135-165 DAF, the MDH activity remained stable, whereas that of 6-PGDH reached its maximum, indicating that the seeds underwent vigorous metabolism. The findings of this study provide a theoretical basis for researching seed dormancy and seed harvest time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Wang
- Co‐Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern ChinaNanjing Forestry UniversityNanjingChina
- College of ForestryNanjing Forestry UniversityNanjingChina
- Southern Tree Seed Inspection CenterNational Forestry AdministrationNanjingChina
- Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Center for Modern HorticultureJiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and ForestryZhenjiangChina
- Jiangsu Agricultural Expo ParkJiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and ForestryZhenjiangChina
| | - Yongbao Shen
- Co‐Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern ChinaNanjing Forestry UniversityNanjingChina
- College of ForestryNanjing Forestry UniversityNanjingChina
- Southern Tree Seed Inspection CenterNational Forestry AdministrationNanjingChina
| | - Huapeng Bao
- Jiangsu Agricultural Expo ParkJiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and ForestryZhenjiangChina
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Chen F, Li Y, Li X, Li W, Xu J, Cao H, Wang Z, Li Y, Soppe WJJ, Liu Y. Ectopic expression of the Arabidopsis florigen gene FLOWERING LOCUS T in seeds enhances seed dormancy via the GA and DOG1 pathways. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 107:909-924. [PMID: 34037275 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Ectopic expression of specific genes in seeds could be a tool for molecular design of crops to alter seed dormancy and germination, thereby improving production. Here, a seed-specific vector, 12S-pLEELA, was applied to study the roles of genes in Arabidopsis seeds. Transgenic lines containing FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) driven by the 12S promoter exhibited significantly increased seed dormancy and earlier flowering. Mutated FT(Y85H) and TERMINAL FLOWER1 (TFL1) transgenic lines also showed increased seed dormancy but without altered flowering time. FT(Y85H) and TFL1 caused weaker seed dormancy enhancement compared to FT. The FT and TFL1 transgenic lines showed hypersensitivity to paclobutrazol, but not to abscisic acid in seed germination. The levels of bioactive gibberellin 3 (GA3 ) and GA4 were significantly reduced, consistent with decreased expression of COPALYL DIPHOSPHATE SYNTHASE (CPS), KAURENE OXIDASE (KO), GIBBERELLIN 3-OXIDASE2 (GA3ox2), and GA20ox1 in p12S::FT lines. Exogenous GA4+7 could recover the germination ability of FT transgenic lines. These results revealed that FT regulates GA biosynthesis. A genetic analysis indicated that the GA signaling regulator SPINDLY (SPY) is epistatic to FT in GA-mediated seed germination. Furthermore, DELAY OF GERMINATION1 (DOG1) showed significantly higher transcript levels in p12S::FT lines. Seed dormancy analysis of dog1-2 spy-3 p12S::FT-2 indicated that the combination of SPY and DOG1 is epistatic to FT in the regulation of dormancy. Overall, we showed that ectopic expression of FT and TFL1 in seeds enhances dormancy through affecting GA and DOG1 pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengying Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoying Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenlong Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Science and Technology Daily, Beijing, China
| | - Jimei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Cao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Yong Li
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Medical Centre - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Yongxiu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Liu H, Wu W. Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals function of TERF1 in promoting seed germination. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 27:1659-1674. [PMID: 34539109 PMCID: PMC8405750 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-021-01049-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Seed germination marks a new life cycle of a plant. Although ethylene promotes seed germination, the underlying molecular mechanism is poorly understood. Ethylene Responsive Factors (ERFs) play an essential role in ethylene signaling. Here we show that overexpression of Tomato Ethylene Responsive Factor 1 (TERF1), an ERF transcription factor isolated from tomato, can promote tobacco seed germination at 23 °C in darkness. Hormones analysis showed that salicylic acid (SA), 3-indoleacetic acid (IAA), abscisic acid (ABA) and gibberellic acids (GAs) were significantly increased by TERF1, while jasmonic acid (JA) was significantly reduced in TERF1 seeds. Transcriptome analysis identified 7,961 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including 6,213 mRNAs, 25 miRNAs, 1,581 lncRNAs and 141 circRNAs. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis showed that cell cycles, sugar metabolism, microtubule-based processes were activated by TERF1, while DNA repair, lipid metabolism were repressed by TERF1. We also identified differentially expressed regulatory genes for ABA and GA biosynthesis or signaling in TERF1 seed, including transcription factors, kinases, phosphatases and ubiquitin protein ligases, non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). At posttranscriptional level TERF1 also regulates gene expression through alternative splicing (AS). Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis revealed three key biological processes regulated by TERF1, including nitrogen metabolism, light related processes and mitosis. Pheynotype and gene expression analysis showed that TERF1 significantly reduced seed sensitivity to ABA and auxin during germination through repressing key components of ABA signaling pathway. Our results unraveled the function of TERF1 in promoting seed germination. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-021-01049-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhi Liu
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No.12 Zhongguancun South St., Haidian District, Beijing, 100081 People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Wu
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No.12 Zhongguancun South St., Haidian District, Beijing, 100081 People’s Republic of China
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49
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Ren LY, Zhao H, Liu XL, Zong TK, Qiao M, Liu SY, Liu XY. Transcriptome Reveals Roles of Lignin-Modifying Enzymes and Abscisic Acid in the Symbiosis of Mycena and Gastrodia elata. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6557. [PMID: 34207287 PMCID: PMC8235111 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastrodia elata is a well-known medicinal and heterotrophic orchid. Its germination, limited by the impermeability of seed coat lignin and inhibition by abscisic acid (ABA), is triggered by symbiosis with fungi such as Mycena spp. However, the molecular mechanisms of lignin degradation by Mycena and ABA biosynthesis and signaling in G. elata remain unclear. In order to gain insights into these two processes, this study analyzed the transcriptomes of these organisms during their dynamic symbiosis. Among the 25 lignin-modifying enzyme genes in Mycena, two ligninolytic class II peroxidases and two laccases were significantly upregulated, most likely enabling Mycena hyphae to break through the lignin seed coats of G. elata. Genes related to reduced virulence and loss of pathogenicity in Mycena accounted for more than half of annotated genes, presumably contributing to symbiosis. After coculture, upregulated genes outnumbered downregulated genes in G. elata seeds, suggesting slightly increased biological activity, while Mycena hyphae had fewer upregulated than downregulated genes, indicating decreased biological activity. ABA biosynthesis in G. elata was reduced by the downregulated expression of 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase (NCED-2), and ABA signaling was blocked by the downregulated expression of a receptor protein (PYL12-like). This is the first report to describe the role of NCED-2 and PYL12-like in breaking G. elata seed dormancy by reducing the synthesis and blocking the signaling of the germination inhibitor ABA. This study provides a theoretical basis for screening germination fungi to identify effective symbionts and for reducing ABA inhibition of G. elata seed germination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ying Ren
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China;
- Engineering Research Center of Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (H.Z.); (X.-L.L.)
| | - Heng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (H.Z.); (X.-L.L.)
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiao-Ling Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (H.Z.); (X.-L.L.)
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tong-Kai Zong
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China;
| | - Min Qiao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Shu-Yan Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China;
- Engineering Research Center of Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Xiao-Yong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (H.Z.); (X.-L.L.)
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50
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Srivastava AK, Suresh Kumar J, Suprasanna P. Seed 'primeomics': plants memorize their germination under stress. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2021; 96:1723-1743. [PMID: 33961327 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Seed priming is a pre-germination treatment administered through various chemical, physical and biological agents, which induce mild stress during the early phases of germination. Priming facilitates synchronized seed germination, better seedling establishment, improved plant growth and enhanced yield, especially in stressful environments. In parallel, the phenomenon of 'stress memory' in which exposure to a sub-lethal stress leads to better responses to future or recurring lethal stresses has gained widespread attention in recent years. The versatility and realistic yield gains associated with seed priming and its connection with stress memory make a critical examination useful for the design of robust approaches for maximizing future yield gains. Herein, a literature review identified selenium, salicylic acid, poly-ethylene glycol, CaCl2 and thiourea as the seed priming agents (SPRs) for which the most studies have been carried out. The average priming duration for SPRs generally ranged from 2 to 48 h, i.e. during phase I/II of germination. The major signalling events for regulating early seed germination, including the DOG1 (delay of germination 1)-abscisic acid (ABA)-heme regulatory module, ABA-gibberellic acid antagonism and nucleus-organelle communication are detailed. We propose that both seed priming and stress memory invoke a 'bet-hedging' strategy in plants, wherein their growth under optimal conditions is compromised in exchange for better growth under stressful conditions. The molecular basis of stress memory is explained at the level of chromatin reorganization, alternative transcript splicing, metabolite accumulation and autophagy. This provides a useful framework to study similar mechanisms operating during seed priming. In addition, we highlight the potential for merging findings on seed priming with those of stress memory, with the dual benefit of advancing fundamental research and boosting crop productivity. Finally, a roadmap for future work, entailing identification of SPR-responsive varieties and the development of dual/multiple-benefit SPRs, is proposed for enhancing SPR-mediated agricultural productivity worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Kumar Srivastava
- Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400085, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, 400094, India
| | - Jisha Suresh Kumar
- Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400085, India
| | - Penna Suprasanna
- Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400085, India
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