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Cai K, Zhu S, Jiang Z, Xu K, Sun X, Li X. Biological macromolecules mediated by environmental signals affect flowering regulation in plants: A comprehensive review. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 214:108931. [PMID: 39003975 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 07/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Flowering time is a crucial developmental stage in the life cycle of plants, as it determines the reproductive success and overall fitness of the organism. The precise regulation of flowering time is influenced by various internal and external factors, including genetic, environmental, and hormonal cues. This review provided a comprehensive overview of the molecular mechanisms and regulatory pathways of biological macromolecules (e.g. proteins and phytohormone) and environmental factors (e.g. light and temperature) involved in the control of flowering time in plants. We discussed the key proteins and signaling pathways that govern the transition from vegetative growth to reproductive development, highlighting the intricate interplay between genetic networks, environmental cues, and phytohormone signaling. Additionally, we explored the impact of flowering time regulation on plant adaptation, crop productivity, and agricultural practices. Moreover, we summarized the similarities and differences of flowering mechanisms between annual and perennial plants. Understanding the mechanisms underlying flowering time control is not only essential for fundamental plant biology research but also holds great potential for crop improvement and sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kefan Cai
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Siting Zhu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zeyu Jiang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kai Xu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xuepeng Sun
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Xiaolong Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China.
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Di T, Wu Y, Feng X, He M, Lei L, Wang J, Li N, Hao X, Whelan J, Wang X, Wang L. CIPK11 phosphorylates GSTU23 to promote cold tolerance in Camellia sinensis. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024. [PMID: 39087790 DOI: 10.1111/pce.15070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Cold stress negatively impacts the growth, development, and quality of Camellia sinensis (Cs, tea) plants. CBL-interacting protein kinases (CIPK) comprise a pivotal protein family involved in plant development and response to multiple environmental stimuli. However, their roles and regulatory mechanisms in tea plants (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze) remain unknown. Here we show that CsCBL-interacting protein kinase 11 (CsCIPK11), whose transcript abundance was significantly induced at low temperatures, interacts and phosphorylates tau class glutathione S-transferase 23 (CsGSTU23). CsGSTU23 was also a cold-inducible gene and has significantly higher transcript abundance in cold-resistant accessions than in cold-susceptible accessions. CsCIPK11 phosphorylated CsGSTU23 at Ser37, enhancing its stability and enzymatic activity. Overexpression of CsCIPK11 in Arabidopsis thaliana resulted in enhanced cold tolerance under freezing conditions, while transient knockdown of CsCIPK11 expression in tea plants had the opposite effect, resulting in decreased cold tolerance and suppression of the C-repeat-binding transcription factor (CBF) transcriptional pathway under freezing stress. Furthermore, the transient overexpression of CsGSTU23 in tea plants increased cold tolerance. These findings demonstrate that CsCIPK11 plays a central role in the signaling pathway to cold signals and modulates antioxidant capacity by phosphorylating CsGSTU23, leading to improved cold tolerance in tea plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taimei Di
- Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Center for Tea Plant Improvement, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yedie Wu
- Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Center for Tea Plant Improvement, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xia Feng
- Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Center for Tea Plant Improvement, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mingming He
- Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Center for Tea Plant Improvement, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lei Lei
- Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Center for Tea Plant Improvement, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Center for Tea Plant Improvement, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Nana Li
- Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Center for Tea Plant Improvement, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinyuan Hao
- Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Center for Tea Plant Improvement, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - James Whelan
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xinchao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Center for Tea Plant Improvement, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Center for Tea Plant Improvement, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
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Shahzad N, Nabi HG, Qiao L, Li W. The Molecular Mechanism of Cold-Stress Tolerance: Cold Responsive Genes and Their Mechanisms in Rice ( Oryza sativa L.). BIOLOGY 2024; 13:442. [PMID: 38927322 PMCID: PMC11200503 DOI: 10.3390/biology13060442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) production is highly susceptible to temperature fluctuations, which can significantly reduce plant growth and development at different developmental stages, resulting in a dramatic loss of grain yield. Over the past century, substantial efforts have been undertaken to investigate the physiological, biochemical, and molecular mechanisms of cold stress tolerance in rice. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the recent developments and trends in this field. We summarized the previous advancements and methodologies used for identifying cold-responsive genes and the molecular mechanisms of cold tolerance in rice. Integration of new technologies has significantly improved studies in this era, facilitating the identification of essential genes, QTLs, and molecular modules in rice. These findings have accelerated the molecular breeding of cold-resistant rice varieties. In addition, functional genomics, including the investigation of natural variations in alleles and artificially developed mutants, is emerging as an exciting new approach to investigating cold tolerance. Looking ahead, it is imperative for scientists to evaluate the collective impacts of these novel genes to develop rice cultivars resilient to global climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nida Shahzad
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (N.S.); (L.Q.)
| | - Hafiz Ghulam Nabi
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;
| | - Lei Qiao
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (N.S.); (L.Q.)
| | - Wenqiang Li
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (N.S.); (L.Q.)
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Wu J, Liu H, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Li D, Liu S, Lu S, Wei L, Hua J, Zou B. A major gene for chilling tolerance variation in Indica rice codes for a kinase OsCTK1 that phosphorylates multiple substrates under cold. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 242:2077-2092. [PMID: 38494697 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Rice is susceptible to chilling stress. Identifying chilling tolerance genes and their mechanisms are key to improve rice performance. Here, we performed a genome-wide association study to identify regulatory genes for chilling tolerance in rice. One major gene for chilling tolerance variation in Indica rice was identified as a casein kinase gene OsCTK1. Its function and natural variation are investigated at the physiological and molecular level by its mutants and transgenic plants. Potential substrates of OsCTK1 were identified by phosphoproteomic analysis, protein-protein interaction assay, in vitro kinase assay, and mutant characterization. OsCTK1 positively regulates rice chilling tolerance. Three of its putative substrates, acidic ribosomal protein OsP3B, cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel OsCNGC9, and dual-specific mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase OsMKP1, are each involved in chilling tolerance. In addition, a natural OsCTK1 chilling-tolerant (CT) variant exhibited a higher kinase activity and conferred greater chilling tolerance compared with a chilling-sensitive (CS) variant. The CT variant is more prevalent in CT accessions and is distributed more frequently in higher latitude compared with the CS variant. This study thus enables a better understanding of chilling tolerance mechanisms and provides gene variants for genetic improvement of chilling tolerance in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Cyrus Tang Innovation Center for Crop Seed Industry, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Seed Industry Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Huimin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Cyrus Tang Innovation Center for Crop Seed Industry, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Seed Industry Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center, Changsha, 410125, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Cyrus Tang Innovation Center for Crop Seed Industry, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Seed Industry Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- China National Rice Research Institute, 359 Tiyuchang Road, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Yingdong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Cyrus Tang Innovation Center for Crop Seed Industry, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Seed Industry Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Dongling Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Cyrus Tang Innovation Center for Crop Seed Industry, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Seed Industry Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Shiyan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Cyrus Tang Innovation Center for Crop Seed Industry, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Seed Industry Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Shan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Cyrus Tang Innovation Center for Crop Seed Industry, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Seed Industry Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Lihui Wei
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Jian Hua
- Plant Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Baohong Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Cyrus Tang Innovation Center for Crop Seed Industry, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Seed Industry Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
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Liu J, Liu J, He M, Zhang C, Liu Y, Li X, Wang Z, Jin X, Sui J, Zhou W, Bu Q, Tian X. OsMAPK6 positively regulates rice cold tolerance at seedling stage via phosphorylating and stabilizing OsICE1 and OsIPA1. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2023; 137:10. [PMID: 38103049 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-023-04506-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Rice is a chilling-sensitive plant, and extremely low temperatures seriously decrease rice production. Several genes involved in chilling stress have been reported in rice; however, the chilling signaling in rice remains largely unknown. Here, we investigated the chilling tolerance phenotype of overexpression of constitutive active OsMAPK6 (CAMAPK6-OE) and OsMAPK6 mutant dsg1, and demonstrated that OsMAPK6 positively regulated rice chilling tolerance. It was shown that, under cold stress, the survival rate of dsg1 was significantly lower than that of WT, whereas CAMAPK6-OE display higher survival rate than WT. Physiological assays indicate that ion leakage and dead cell in dsg1 was much more severe than those in WT and CAMAPK6-OE. Consistently, expression of chilling responsive genes in dsg1, including OsCBFs and OsTPP1, was significantly lower than that of in WT and CAMAPK6-OE. Biochemical analyses revealed that chilling stress promotes phosphorylation of OsMAPK6. Besides, we found that OsMAPK6 interacts with and phosphorylates two key regulators in rice cold signaling, OsIPA1 and OsICE1, and then enhance their protein stability. Overall, our results revealed a cold-induced OsMAPK6-OsICE1/OsIPA1 signaling cascade by which OsMAPK6 was involved in rice chilling tolerance, which provides novel insights to understand rice cold response at seedling stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Liu
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Jiaxin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Mingliang He
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, 150081, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chuanzhong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Yingxiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, 150081, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiufeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Xin Jin
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, 150081, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jingjing Sui
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Wenyan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Qingyun Bu
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, 150081, China.
| | - Xiaojie Tian
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, 150081, China.
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Wang SM, Wang YS, Cheng H. Comparative Transcriptomics and Metabolomics Analyses of Avicennia marina and Kandelia obovata under Chilling Stress during Seedling Stage. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16989. [PMID: 38069316 PMCID: PMC10707264 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the most productive ecosystems in the world, mangroves are susceptible to cold stress. However, there is currently insufficient knowledge of the adaptation mechanisms of mangrove plants in response to chilling stress. This study conducted a comparative analysis of transcriptomics and metabolomics to investigate the adaptive responses of Kandelia obovata (chilling-tolerant) and Avicennia marina (chilling-sensitive) to 5 °C. The transcriptomics results revealed that differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were mostly enriched in signal transduction, photosynthesis-related pathways, and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis. The expression pattern of genes involved in photosynthesis-related pathways in A. marina presented a downregulation of most DEGs, which correlated with the decrease in total chlorophyll content. In the susceptible A. marina, all DEGs encoding mitogen-activated protein kinase were upregulated. Phenylpropanoid-related genes were observed to be highly induced in K. obovata. Additionally, several metabolites, such as 4-aminobutyric acid, exhibited higher levels in K. obovata than in A. marina, suggesting that chilling-tolerant varieties regulated more metabolites in response to chilling. The investigation defined the inherent distinctions between K. obovata and A. marina in terms of signal transduction gene expression, as well as phenylpropanoid and flavonoid biosynthesis, during exposure to low temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Min Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; (S.-M.W.); (H.C.)
- Daya Bay Marine Biology Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518121, China
- Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - You-Shao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; (S.-M.W.); (H.C.)
- Daya Bay Marine Biology Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518121, China
- Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Hao Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; (S.-M.W.); (H.C.)
- Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
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Liu M, Yang G, Zhou W, Wang X, Han Q, Wang J, Huang G. Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals CBF-Dependent and CBF-Independent Pathways under Low-Temperature Stress in Teak ( Tectona grandis). Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:2098. [PMID: 38003041 PMCID: PMC10670985 DOI: 10.3390/genes14112098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Teak is a rare tropical tree with high economic value, and it is one of the world's main afforestation trees. Low temperature is the main problem for introducing and planting this species in subtropical or temperate zones. Low-temperature acclimation can enhance the resistance of teak to low-temperature stress, but the mechanism for this is still unclear. We studied the gene expression of two-year-old teak seedlings under a rapid temperature drop from 20 °C to 4 °C using RNA-seq and WGCNA analyses. The leaves in the upper part of the plants developed chlorosis 3 h after the quick transition, and the grades of chlorosis were increased after 9 h, with the addition of water stains and necrotic spots. Meanwhile, the SOD and proline contents in teak leaves increased with the prolonged cold stress time. We also identified 36,901 differentially expressed genes, among which 1055 were novel. Notably, CBF2 and CBF4 were significantly induced by low temperatures, while CBF1 and CBF3 were not. Furthermore, WGCNA successfully identified a total of fourteen modules, which consist of three modules associated with cold stress response genes, two modules linked to CBF2 and CBF4, and one module correlated with the CBF-independent pathway gene HY5. The transformation experiments showed that TgCBF2 and TgCBF4 improved cold resistance in Arabidopsis plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Liu
- Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou 510520, China; (M.L.); (G.Y.); (W.Z.); (X.W.); (Q.H.)
- College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Guang Yang
- Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou 510520, China; (M.L.); (G.Y.); (W.Z.); (X.W.); (Q.H.)
| | - Wenlong Zhou
- Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou 510520, China; (M.L.); (G.Y.); (W.Z.); (X.W.); (Q.H.)
| | - Xianbang Wang
- Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou 510520, China; (M.L.); (G.Y.); (W.Z.); (X.W.); (Q.H.)
| | - Qiang Han
- Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou 510520, China; (M.L.); (G.Y.); (W.Z.); (X.W.); (Q.H.)
| | - Jiange Wang
- College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Guihua Huang
- Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou 510520, China; (M.L.); (G.Y.); (W.Z.); (X.W.); (Q.H.)
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Larran AS, Pajoro A, Qüesta JI. Is winter coming? Impact of the changing climate on plant responses to cold temperature. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2023; 46:3175-3193. [PMID: 37438895 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Climate change is causing alterations in annual temperature regimes worldwide. Important aspects of this include the reduction of winter chilling temperatures as well as the occurrence of unpredicted frosts, both significantly affecting plant growth and yields. Recent studies advanced the knowledge of the mechanisms underlying cold responses and tolerance in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. However, how these cold-responsive pathways will readjust to ongoing seasonal temperature variation caused by global warming remains an open question. In this review, we highlight the plant developmental programmes that depend on cold temperature. We focus on the molecular mechanisms that plants have evolved to adjust their development and stress responses upon exposure to cold. Covering both genetic and epigenetic aspects, we present the latest insights into how alternative splicing, noncoding RNAs and the formation of biomolecular condensates play key roles in the regulation of cold responses. We conclude by commenting on attractive targets to accelerate the breeding of increased cold tolerance, bringing up biotechnological tools that might assist in overcoming current limitations. Our aim is to guide the reflection on the current agricultural challenges imposed by a changing climate and to provide useful information for improving plant resilience to unpredictable cold regimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Santiago Larran
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) IRTA-CSIC-UAB-UB, Campus UAB, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alice Pajoro
- National Research Council, Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, Rome, Italy
| | - Julia I Qüesta
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) IRTA-CSIC-UAB-UB, Campus UAB, Barcelona, Spain
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Son S, Park SR. The rice SnRK family: biological roles and cell signaling modules. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1285485. [PMID: 38023908 PMCID: PMC10644236 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1285485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Stimulus-activated signaling pathways orchestrate cellular responses to control plant growth and development and mitigate the effects of adverse environmental conditions. During this process, signaling components are modulated by central regulators of various signal transduction pathways. Protein phosphorylation by kinases is one of the most important events transmitting signals downstream, via the posttranslational modification of signaling components. The plant serine and threonine kinase SNF1-related protein kinase (SnRK) family, which is classified into three subgroups, is highly conserved in plants. SnRKs participate in a wide range of signaling pathways and control cellular processes including plant growth and development and responses to abiotic and biotic stress. Recent notable discoveries have increased our understanding of how SnRKs control these various processes in rice (Oryza sativa). In this review, we summarize current knowledge of the roles of OsSnRK signaling pathways in plant growth, development, and stress responses and discuss recent insights. This review lays the foundation for further studies on SnRK signal transduction and for developing strategies to enhance stress tolerance in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sang Ryeol Park
- National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
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Ramón A, Esteves A, Villadóniga C, Chalar C, Castro-Sowinski S. A general overview of the multifactorial adaptation to cold: biochemical mechanisms and strategies. Braz J Microbiol 2023; 54:2259-2287. [PMID: 37477802 PMCID: PMC10484896 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-023-01057-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Cold environments are more frequent than people think. They include deep oceans, cold lakes, snow, permafrost, sea ice, glaciers, cold soils, cold deserts, caves, areas at elevations greater than 3000 m, and also artificial refrigeration systems. These environments are inhabited by a diversity of eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms that must adapt to the hard conditions imposed by cold. This adaptation is multifactorial and includes (i) sensing the cold, mainly through the modification of the liquid-crystalline membrane state, leading to the activation of a two-component system that transduce the signal; (ii) adapting the composition of membranes for proper functions mainly due to the production of double bonds in lipids, changes in hopanoid composition, and the inclusion of pigments; (iii) producing cold-adapted proteins, some of which show modifications in the composition of amino acids involved in stabilizing interactions and structural adaptations, e.g., enzymes with high catalytic efficiency; and (iv) producing ice-binding proteins and anti-freeze proteins, extracellular polysaccharides and compatible solutes that protect cells from intracellular and extracellular ice. However, organisms also respond by reprogramming their metabolism and specifically inducing cold-shock and cold-adaptation genes through strategies such as DNA supercoiling, distinctive signatures in promoter regions and/or the action of CSPs on mRNAs, among others. In this review, we describe the main findings about how organisms adapt to cold, with a focus in prokaryotes and linking the information with findings in eukaryotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Ramón
- Sección Bioquímica, Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de La República, Igua 4225, 11400, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Adriana Esteves
- Sección Bioquímica, Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de La República, Igua 4225, 11400, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Carolina Villadóniga
- Laboratorio de Biocatalizadores Y Sus Aplicaciones, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Química Biológica, Universidad de La República, Igua 4225, 11400, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Cora Chalar
- Sección Bioquímica, Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de La República, Igua 4225, 11400, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Susana Castro-Sowinski
- Sección Bioquímica, Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de La República, Igua 4225, 11400, Montevideo, Uruguay.
- Laboratorio de Biocatalizadores Y Sus Aplicaciones, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Química Biológica, Universidad de La República, Igua 4225, 11400, Montevideo, Uruguay.
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11
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Szurman-Zubrzycka M, Kurowska M, Till BJ, Szarejko I. Is it the end of TILLING era in plant science? FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1160695. [PMID: 37674734 PMCID: PMC10477672 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1160695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Since its introduction in 2000, the TILLING strategy has been widely used in plant research to create novel genetic diversity. TILLING is based on chemical or physical mutagenesis followed by the rapid identification of mutations within genes of interest. TILLING mutants may be used for functional analysis of genes and being nontransgenic, they may be directly used in pre-breeding programs. Nevertheless, classical mutagenesis is a random process, giving rise to mutations all over the genome. Therefore TILLING mutants carry background mutations, some of which may affect the phenotype and should be eliminated, which is often time-consuming. Recently, new strategies of targeted genome editing, including CRISPR/Cas9-based methods, have been developed and optimized for many plant species. These methods precisely target only genes of interest and produce very few off-targets. Thus, the question arises: is it the end of TILLING era in plant studies? In this review, we recap the basics of the TILLING strategy, summarize the current status of plant TILLING research and present recent TILLING achievements. Based on these reports, we conclude that TILLING still plays an important role in plant research as a valuable tool for generating genetic variation for genomics and breeding projects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Szurman-Zubrzycka
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Marzena Kurowska
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Bradley J. Till
- Veterinary Genetics Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Davis, United States
| | - Iwona Szarejko
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
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12
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Malakar M, Paiva PDDO, Beruto M, da Cunha Neto AR. Review of recent advances in post-harvest techniques for tropical cut flowers and future prospects: Heliconia as a case-study. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1221346. [PMID: 37575938 PMCID: PMC10419226 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1221346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Aesthetic attributes and easy-to-grow nature of tropical cut flowers (TCFs) have contributedto their potential for increased production. The dearth of information regarding agronomic practices and lack of planting materials are the key hindrances against their fast expansion. Unconventional high-temperature storage requirements and the anatomy of the peduncle contribute topoor vase life performance, while troublesome packaging and transport due to unusual size and structureprimarily cause post-harvest quality deterioration. Nonetheless, the exotic floral structuresconsequently increase market demand, particularly in temperate countries. This boosts studies aimed at overcoming post-harvest hindrances. While a few TCFs (Anthurium, Strelitzia, Alpinia, and a few orchids) are under the spotlight, many others remain behind the veil. Heliconia, an emerging specialty TCF (False Bird-of-Paradise, family Heliconiaceae), is one of them. The structural uniquenessand dazzling hues of Heliconia genotypes facilitate shifting its position from the back to the forefrontof the world floriculture trade. The unsatisfactory state-of-the-art of Heliconia research and the absence of any review exclusively on it are the key impetus for structuring this review. In addition to the aforementioned setbacks, impaired water uptake capacity after harvest, high chilling sensitivity, and the proneness of xylem ducts to microbial occlusion may be counted as a few additional factors that hinder its commercialization. This review demonstrates the state-of-the-art of post-harvest research while also conceptualizing the implementation of advanced biotechnological aid to alleviate the challenges, primarily focusing on Heliconia (the model crop here) along with some relevant literature on its other allied members. Standard harvesting indices, grading, and packaging are also part of the entire post-harvest operational chain, but since these phases are barely considered in Heliconia and the majority of tropical ornamentals except a few, a comprehensive account of these aspects has also been given. The hypothesized cues to nip chilling injury, resorting to different bio-chemical treatments, nano-based technology, and advanced packaging techniques, may help overcome preservation difficulties and propel its transition from niche to the commercial flower market. In a nutshell, readers will gain a comprehensive overview of how optimum post-harvest handling practices can rewardingly characterize this unique group of TCFs as the most remunerative component.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moumita Malakar
- Department of Horticulture & Floriculture, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, India
| | | | - Margherita Beruto
- International Society for Horticultural Science (ISHS), Ornamental Plant Division, San Remo, Italy
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13
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Liu R, Huang S, Huang A, Chen M, Luo Y, Guo Z, Lu S. Overexpression of CdtCIPK21 from triploid bermudagrass reduces salt and drought tolerance but increases chilling tolerance in transgenic rice. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 286:154006. [PMID: 37196413 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2023.154006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Calcineurin B-like-interacting protein kinase (CIPK) is a serine/threonine kinase, which transmits the Ca2+ signal sensed by CBL proteins. A CdtCIPK21 showing highly identical to OsCIPK21 in rice was isolated from triploid bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon × Cynodon transvaalensis). CdtCIPK21 transcript could be detected in roots, rhizomes, stems, stolons, and leaves, with highest level in roots. It was induced by salinity, dehydration and chilling, but reduced by ABA treatment. Transgenic rice plants overexpressing CdtCIPK21 had decreased salt and drought tolerance as well as ABA sensitivity but increased chilling tolerance. Lower SOD and CAT activities was observed in transgenic lines under salinity and drought stress conditions, but higher levels under chilling stress. Similarly, lower levels of proline concentration and P5CS1 and P5CS2 transcripts were maintained in transgenic lines under salinity and drought stresses, and higher levels were maintained under chilling. In addition, transgenic lines had lower transcript levels of ABA-independent genes (OsDREB1A, OsDREB1B, and OsDREB2A) and ABA responsive genes (OsLEA3, OsLIP9, and OsRAB16A) under salinity and drought but higher levels under chilling compared with WT. The results suggest that CdtCIPK21 regulates salt and drought tolerance negatively and chilling tolerance positively, which are associated with the altered ABA sensitivity, antioxidants, proline accumulation and expression of ABA-dependent and ABA-independent stress responsive genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Grassland Science, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Shilian Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Grassland Science, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Anyao Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Grassland Science, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Miao Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Grassland Science, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Yurong Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Grassland Science, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Zhenfei Guo
- College of Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Shaoyun Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Grassland Science, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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14
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Xia C, Liang G, Chong K, Xu Y. The COG1-OsSERL2 complex senses cold to trigger signaling network for chilling tolerance in japonica rice. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3104. [PMID: 37248220 PMCID: PMC10227007 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38860-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Improvement of chilling tolerance is a key strategy to face potential menace from abnormal temperature in rice production, which depends on the signaling network triggered by receptors. However, little is known about the QTL genes encoding membrane complexes for sensing cold. Here, Chilling-tolerance in Gengdao/japonica rice 1 (COG1) is isolated from a chromosome segment substitution line containing a QTL (qCS11-jap) for chilling sensitivity. The major gene COG1 is found to confer chilling tolerance in japonica rice. In natural rice populations, only the haplogroup1 encodes a functional COG1. Evolutionary analysis show that COG1 originates from Chinese O. Rufipogon and is fixed in japonica rice during domestication. COG1, a membrane-localized LRR-RLP, targets and activates the kinase OsSERL2 in a cold-induced manner, promoting chilling tolerance. Furthermore, the cold signal transmitted by COG1-OsSERL2 activates OsMAPK3 in the cytoplasm. Our findings reveal a cold-sensing complex, which mediates signaling network for the chilling defense in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changxuan Xia
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Beijing Vegetable Research Center (BVRC), Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Guohua Liang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-Innovation Centre for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Kang Chong
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Yunyuan Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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15
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Wang Y, Samarina L, Mallano AI, Tong W, Xia E. Recent progress and perspectives on physiological and molecular mechanisms underlying cold tolerance of tea plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1145609. [PMID: 36866358 PMCID: PMC9971632 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1145609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Tea is one of the most consumed and widely planted beverage plant worldwide, which contains many important economic, healthy, and cultural values. Low temperature inflicts serious damage to tea yields and quality. To cope with cold stress, tea plants have evolved a cascade of physiological and molecular mechanisms to rescue the metabolic disorders in plant cells caused by the cold stress; this includes physiological, biochemical changes and molecular regulation of genes and associated pathways. Understanding the physiological and molecular mechanisms underlying how tea plants perceive and respond to cold stress is of great significance to breed new varieties with improved quality and stress resistance. In this review, we summarized the putative cold signal sensors and molecular regulation of the CBF cascade pathway in cold acclimation. We also broadly reviewed the functions and potential regulation networks of 128 cold-responsive gene families of tea plants reported in the literature, including those particularly regulated by light, phytohormone, and glycometabolism. We discussed exogenous treatments, including ABA, MeJA, melatonin, GABA, spermidine and airborne nerolidol that have been reported as effective ways to improve cold resistance in tea plants. We also present perspectives and possible challenges for functional genomic studies on cold tolerance of tea plants in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Lidia Samarina
- Federal Research Centre the Subtropical Scientific Centre, The Russian Academy of Sciences, Sochi, Russia
| | - Ali Inayat Mallano
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Wei Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Enhua Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
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16
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Feng J, Li Z, Luo W, Liang G, Xu Y, Chong K. COG2 negatively regulates chilling tolerance through cell wall components altered in rice. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2023; 136:19. [PMID: 36680595 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-023-04261-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Chilling-tolerant QTL gene COG2 encoded an extensin and repressed chilling tolerance by affecting the compositions of cell wall. Rice as a major crop is susceptible to chilling stress. Chilling tolerance is a complex trait controlled by multiple quantitative trait loci (QTLs). Here, we identify a QTL gene, COG2, that negatively regulates cold tolerance at seedling stage in rice. COG2 overexpression transgenic plants are sensitive to cold, whereas knockout transgenic lines enhance chilling tolerance. Natural variation analysis shows that Hap1 is a specific haplotype in japonica/Geng rice and correlates with chilling tolerance. The SNP1 in COG2 promoter is a specific divergency and leads to the difference in the expression level of COG2 between japonica/Geng and indica/Xian cultivars. COG2 encodes a cell wall-localized extensin and affects the compositions of cell wall, including pectin and cellulose, to defense the chilling stress. The results extend the understanding of the adaptation to the environment and provide an editing target for molecular design breeding of cold tolerance in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinglei Feng
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhitao Li
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wei Luo
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Guohua Liang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-Innovation Centre for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Yunyuan Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Kang Chong
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China.
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
- The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China.
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17
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Calcium decoders and their targets: The holy alliance that regulate cellular responses in stress signaling. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2023; 134:371-439. [PMID: 36858741 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2022.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+) signaling is versatile communication network in the cell. Stimuli perceived by cells are transposed through Ca2+-signature, and are decoded by plethora of Ca2+ sensors present in the cell. Calmodulin, calmodulin-like proteins, Ca2+-dependent protein kinases and calcineurin B-like proteins are major classes of proteins that decode the Ca2+ signature and serve in the propagation of signals to different parts of cells by targeting downstream proteins. These decoders and their targets work together to elicit responses against diverse stress stimuli. Over a period of time, significant attempts have been made to characterize as well as summarize elements of this signaling machinery. We begin with a structural overview and amalgamate the newly identified Ca2+ sensor protein in plants. Their ability to bind Ca2+, undergo conformational changes, and how it facilitates binding to a wide variety of targets is further embedded. Subsequently, we summarize the recent progress made on the functional characterization of Ca2+ sensing machinery and in particular their target proteins in stress signaling. We have focused on the physiological role of Ca2+, the Ca2+ sensing machinery, and the mode of regulation on their target proteins during plant stress adaptation. Additionally, we also discuss the role of these decoders and their mode of regulation on the target proteins during abiotic, hormone signaling and biotic stress responses in plants. Finally, here, we have enumerated the limitations and challenges in the Ca2+ signaling. This article will greatly enable in understanding the current picture of plant response and adaptation during diverse stimuli through the lens of Ca2+ signaling.
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18
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Guo X, Zhang D, Wang Z, Xu S, Batistič O, Steinhorst L, Li H, Weng Y, Ren D, Kudla J, Xu Y, Chong K. Cold-induced calreticulin OsCRT3 conformational changes promote OsCIPK7 binding and temperature sensing in rice. EMBO J 2022; 42:e110518. [PMID: 36341575 PMCID: PMC9811624 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2021110518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Unusually low temperatures caused by global climate change adversely affect rice production. Sensing cold to trigger signal network is a key base for improvement of chilling tolerance trait. Here, we report that Oryza sativa Calreticulin 3 (OsCRT3) localized at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) exhibits conformational changes under cold stress, thereby enhancing its interaction with CBL-interacting protein kinase 7 (OsCIPK7) to sense cold. Phenotypic analyses of OsCRT3 knock-out mutants and transgenic overexpression lines demonstrate that OsCRT3 is a positive regulator in chilling tolerance. OsCRT3 localizes at the ER and mediates increases in cytosolic calcium levels under cold stress. Notably, cold stress triggers secondary structural changes of OsCRT3 and enhances its binding affinity with OsCIPK7, which finally boosts its kinase activity. Moreover, Calcineurin B-like protein 7 (OsCBL7) and OsCBL8 interact with OsCIPK7 specifically on the plasma membrane. Taken together, our results thus identify a cold-sensing mechanism that simultaneously conveys cold-induced protein conformational change, enhances kinase activity, and Ca2+ signal generation to facilitate chilling tolerance in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Guo
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular PhysiologyInstitute of Botany, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina,University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Dajian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular PhysiologyInstitute of Botany, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina,University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Zhongliang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular PhysiologyInstitute of Botany, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina,University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Shujuan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular PhysiologyInstitute of Botany, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina,University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Oliver Batistič
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der PflanzenWestfälische Wilhelms‐UniversitätMünsterGermany
| | - Leonie Steinhorst
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der PflanzenWestfälische Wilhelms‐UniversitätMünsterGermany
| | - Hao Li
- Laboratory of Soft Matter Physics, Institute of PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Yuxiang Weng
- Laboratory of Soft Matter Physics, Institute of PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Dongtao Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological SciencesChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Jörg Kudla
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der PflanzenWestfälische Wilhelms‐UniversitätMünsterGermany
| | - Yunyuan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular PhysiologyInstitute of Botany, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina,Innovation Academy for Seed DesignChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Kang Chong
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular PhysiologyInstitute of Botany, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina,University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina,Innovation Academy for Seed DesignChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
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19
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Chen L, Zhao H, Chen Y, Jiang F, Zhou F, Liu Q, Fan Y, Liu T, Tu W, Walther D, Song B. Comparative transcriptomics analysis reveals a calcineurin B-like gene to positively regulate constitutive and acclimated freezing tolerance in potato. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2022; 45:3305-3321. [PMID: 36041917 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Freezing stress is a major limiting factor in crop production. To increase frost-hardiness of crops via breeding, deciphering the genes conferring freezing-tolerance is vital. Potato cultivars (Solanum tuberosum) are generally freezing-sensitive, but some potato wild species are freezing-tolerant, including Solanum commersonii, Solanum malmeanum and Solanum acaule. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms conferring the freezing-tolerance to the wild species remain to be deciphered. In this study, five representative genotypes of the above-mentioned species with distinct freezing-tolerance were investigated. Comparative transcriptomics analysis showed that SaCBL1-like (calcineurin B-like protein) was upregulated substantially in all of the freezing-tolerant genotypes. Transgenic overexpression and known-down lines of SaCBL1-like were examined. SaCBL1-like was shown to confer freezing-tolerance without significantly impacting main agricultural traits. A functional mechanism analysis showed that SaCBL1-like increases the expression of the C-repeat binding factor-regulon as well as causes a prolonged higher expression of CBF1 after exposure to cold conditions. Furthermore, SaCBL1-like was found to only interact with SaCIPK3-1 (CBL-interacting protein kinase) among all apparent cold-responsive SaCIPKs. Our study identifies SaCBL1-like to play a vital role in conferring freezing tolerance in potato, which may provide a basis for a targeted potato breeding for frost-hardiness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Tuber and Root Crop, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Modern Agriculture/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, MOE; Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, MARA; College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongbo Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Tuber and Root Crop, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Modern Agriculture/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Chen
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, MOE; Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, MARA; College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Fujing Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Tuber and Root Crop, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Modern Agriculture/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, MOE; Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, MARA; College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Feiyan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Tuber and Root Crop, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Modern Agriculture/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Tuber and Root Crop, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Modern Agriculture/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongqi Fan
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Tuber and Root Crop, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Modern Agriculture/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Tiantian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, MOE; Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, MARA; College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Tu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, MOE; Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, MARA; College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Dirk Walther
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Botao Song
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, MOE; Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, MARA; College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
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20
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Xu H, Yang X, Zhang Y, Wang H, Wu S, Zhang Z, Ahammed GJ, Zhao C, Liu H. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated mutation in auxin efflux carrier OsPIN9 confers chilling tolerance by modulating reactive oxygen species homeostasis in rice. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:967031. [PMID: 35979077 PMCID: PMC9376474 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.967031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Phytohormone auxin plays a vital role in plant development and responses to environmental stresses. The spatial and temporal distribution of auxin mainly relies on the polar distribution of the PIN-FORMED (PIN) auxin efflux carriers. In this study, we dissected the functions of OsPIN9, a monocot-specific auxin efflux carrier gene, in modulating chilling tolerance in rice. The results showed that OsPIN9 expression was dramatically and rapidly suppressed by chilling stress (4°C) in rice seedlings. The homozygous ospin9 mutants were generated by CRISPR/Cas9 technology and employed for further research. ospin9 mutant roots and shoots were less sensitive to 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and N-1-naphthylphthalamic acid (NPA), indicating the disturbance of auxin homeostasis in the ospin9 mutants. The chilling tolerance assay showed that ospin9 mutants were more tolerant to chilling stress than wild-type (WT) plants, as evidenced by increased survival rate, decreased membrane permeability, and reduced lipid peroxidation. However, the expression of well-known C-REPEAT BINDING FACTOR (CBF)/DEHYDRATION-RESPONSIVE ELEMENT-BINDING PROTEIN 1 (DREB)-dependent transcriptional regulatory pathway and Ca2+ signaling genes was significantly induced only under normal conditions, implying that defense responses in ospin9 mutants have probably been triggered in advance under normal conditions. Histochemical staining of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by 3'3-diaminobenzidine (DAB) and nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) showed that ospin9 mutants accumulated more ROS than WT at the early stage of chilling stress, while less ROS was observed at the later stage of chilling treatment in ospin9 mutants. Consistently, antioxidant enzyme activity, including catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and superoxide dismutase (SOD), improved significantly during the early chilling treatments, while was kept similar to WT at the later stage of chilling treatment, implying that the enhanced chilling tolerance of ospin9 mutants is mainly attributed to the earlier induction of ROS and the improved ROS scavenging ability at the subsequent stages of chilling treatment. In summary, our results strongly suggest that the OsPIN9 gene regulates chilling tolerance by modulating ROS homeostasis in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huawei Xu
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Xiaoyi Yang
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Yanwen Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Huihui Wang
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Shiyang Wu
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Zhuoyan Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Golam Jalal Ahammed
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Chunzhao Zhao
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Liu
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
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21
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Ali S, Khan N, Tang Y. Epigenetic marks for mitigating abiotic stresses in plants. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 275:153740. [PMID: 35716656 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2022.153740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Abiotic stressors are one of the major factors affecting agricultural output. Plants have evolved adaptive systems to respond appropriately to various environmental cues. These responses can be accomplished by modulating or fine-tuning genetic and epigenetic regulatory mechanisms. Understanding the response of plants' molecular features to abiotic stress is a priority in the current period of continued environmental changes. Epigenetic modifications are necessary that control gene expression by changing chromatin status and recruiting various transcription regulators. The present study summarized the current knowledge on epigenetic modifications concerning plant responses to various environmental stressors. The functional relevance of epigenetic marks in regulating stress tolerance has been revealed, and epigenetic changes impact the effector genes. This study looks at the epigenetic mechanisms that govern plant abiotic stress responses, especially DNA methylation, histone methylation/acetylation, chromatin remodeling, and various metabolites. Plant breeders will benefit from a thorough understanding of these processes to create alternative crop improvement approaches. Genome editing with clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat/CRISPR-associated proteins (CRISPR/Cas) provides genetic tools to make agricultural genetic engineering more sustainable and publicly acceptable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahid Ali
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource & Eco-environmental Science, Longhua Institute of Innovative Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, Guangdong Province, China; Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China.
| | - Naeem Khan
- Department of Agronomy, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Yulin Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource & Eco-environmental Science, Longhua Institute of Innovative Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, Guangdong Province, China; Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China.
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22
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Chilling-induced phosphorylation of IPA1 by OsSAPK6 activates chilling tolerance responses in rice. Cell Discov 2022; 8:71. [PMID: 35882853 PMCID: PMC9325753 DOI: 10.1038/s41421-022-00413-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chilling is a major abiotic stress harming rice development and productivity. The C-REPEAT BINDING FACTOR (CBF)-dependent transcriptional regulatory pathway plays a central role in cold stress and acclimation in Arabidopsis. In rice, several genes have been reported in conferring chilling tolerance, however, the chilling signaling in rice remains largely unknown. Here, we report the chilling-induced OSMOTIC STRESS/ABA-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE 6 (OsSAPK6)-IDEAL PLANT ARCHITECTURE 1 (IPA1)-OsCBF3 signal pathway in rice. Under chilling stress, OsSAPK6 could phosphorylate IPA1 and increase its stability. In turn, IPA1 could directly bind to the GTAC motif on the OsCBF3 promoter to elevate its expression. Genetic evidence showed that OsSAPK6, IPA1 and OsCBF3 were all positive regulators of rice chilling tolerance. The function of OsSAPK6 in chilling tolerance depended on IPA1, and overexpression of OsCBF3 could rescue the chilling-sensitive phenotype of ipa1 loss-of-function mutant. Moreover, the natural gain-of-function allele ipa1-2D could simultaneously enhance seedling chilling tolerance and increase grain yield. Taken together, our results revealed a chilling-induced OsSAPK6-IPA1-OsCBF signal cascade in rice, which shed new lights on chilling stress-tolerant rice breeding.
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23
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Deciphering the Molecular Mechanisms of Chilling Tolerance in Lsi1-Overexpressing Rice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094667. [PMID: 35563058 PMCID: PMC9103898 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Improving tolerance to low-temperature stress during the rice seedling stage is of great significance in agricultural science. In this study, using the low silicon gene 1 (Lsi1)-overexpressing (Dular-OE) and wild-type rice (Dular-WT), we showed that Lsi1 overexpression enhances chilling tolerance in Dular-OE. The overexpression of the Lsi1 increases silicon absorption, but it was not the main reason for chilling tolerance in Dular-OE. Instead, our data suggest that the overexpression of a Lsi1-encoding NIP and its interaction with key proteins lead to chilling tolerance in Dular-OE. Additionally, we show that the high-mobility group protein (HMG1) binds to the promoter of Lsi1, positively regulating its expression. Moreover, Nod26-like major intrinsic protein (NIP)’s interaction with α and β subunits of ATP synthase and the 14-3-3f protein was validated by co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP), bimolecular fluorescent complementary (BiFC), and GST-pulldown assays. Western blotting revealed that the overexpression of NIP positively regulates the ATP-synthase subunits that subsequently upregulate calcineurin B-like interacting protein kinases (CIPK) negatively regulating 14-3-3f. Overall, these NIP-mediated changes trigger corresponding pathways in an orderly manner, enhancing chilling tolerance in Dular-OE.
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24
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Ma X, Gai WX, Li Y, Yu YN, Ali M, Gong ZH. The CBL-interacting protein kinase CaCIPK13 positively regulates defence mechanisms against cold stress in pepper. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:1655-1667. [PMID: 35137060 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cold stress is one of the main factors limiting growth and development in pepper. Calcineurin B-like proteins (CBLs) are specific calcium sensors with non-canonical EF-hands to capture calcium signals, and interact with CBL-interacting protein kinases (CIPKs) in the regulation of various stresses. In this study, we isolated a cold-induced CIPK gene from pepper named CaCIPK13, which encodes a protein of 487 amino acids. In silico analyses indicated that CaCIPK13 is a typical CIPK family member with a conserved NAF motif, which consists of the amino acids asparagine, alanine, and phenylalanine. The CaCIPK13 protein was located in the nucleus and plasma membrane. Knock down of CaCIPK13 resulted in enhanced sensitivity to cold stress in pepper, with increased malondialdehyde content, H2O2 accumulation, and electrolyte leakage, while the catalase, peroxidase, superoxide dismutase activities and anthocyanin content were decreased. The transcript level of cold and anthocyanin-related genes was substantially decreased in CaCIPK13-silenced pepper leaves relative to the empty vector control. On the contrary, overexpression of CaCIPK13 in tomato improved cold tolerance via increasing anthocyanin content and activities of reactive oxygen species scavenging enzymes. Furthermore, the interaction of CaCIPK13 with CaCBL1/6/7/8 was Ca2+-dependent. These results indicate that CaCIPK13 plays a positive role in cold tolerance mechanism via CBL-CIPK signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Ma
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Xian Gai
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Yang Li
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Ya-Nan Yu
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Muhammad Ali
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Zhen-Hui Gong
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P. R. China
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25
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Yang S. Cold responses in rice: From physiology to molecular biology. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 269:153602. [PMID: 34954427 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2021.153602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
As rice originated in tropical or subtropical areas, it is generally sensitive to cold stress. Understanding the physiological and molecular mechanisms underlying rice responses to cold stress can provide new power for engineering cold-tolerant and high-yielding rice varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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26
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Li J, Zhang Z, Chong K, Xu Y. Chilling tolerance in rice: Past and present. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 268:153576. [PMID: 34875419 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2021.153576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Rice is generally sensitive to chilling stress, which seriously affects growth and yield. Since early in the last century, considerable efforts have been made to understand the physiological and molecular mechanisms underlying the response to chilling stress and improve rice chilling tolerance. Here, we review the research trends and advances in this field. The phenotypic and biochemical changes caused by cold stress and the physiological explanations are briefly summarized. Using published data from the past 20 years, we reviewed the past progress and important techniques in the identification of quantitative trait loci (QTL), novel genes, and cellular pathways involved in rice chilling tolerance. The advent of novel technologies has significantly advanced studies of cold tolerance, and the characterization of QTLs, key genes, and molecular modules have sped up molecular design breeding for cold tolerance in rice varieties. In addition to gene function studies based on overexpression or artificially generated mutants, elucidating natural allelic variation in specific backgrounds is emerging as a novel approach for the study of cold tolerance in rice, and the superior alleles identified using this approach can directly facilitate breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhua Li
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Zeyong Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Kang Chong
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Yunyuan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China.
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27
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Rice functional genomics: decades' efforts and roads ahead. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2021; 65:33-92. [PMID: 34881420 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-021-2024-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most important crops in the world. Since the completion of rice reference genome sequences, tremendous progress has been achieved in understanding the molecular mechanisms on various rice traits and dissecting the underlying regulatory networks. In this review, we summarize the research progress of rice biology over past decades, including omics, genome-wide association study, phytohormone action, nutrient use, biotic and abiotic responses, photoperiodic flowering, and reproductive development (fertility and sterility). For the roads ahead, cutting-edge technologies such as new genomics methods, high-throughput phenotyping platforms, precise genome-editing tools, environmental microbiome optimization, and synthetic methods will further extend our understanding of unsolved molecular biology questions in rice, and facilitate integrations of the knowledge for agricultural applications.
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28
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Han G, Qiao Z, Li Y, Wang C, Wang B. The Roles of CCCH Zinc-Finger Proteins in Plant Abiotic Stress Tolerance. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158327. [PMID: 34361093 PMCID: PMC8347928 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Zinc-finger proteins, a superfamily of proteins with a typical structural domain that coordinates a zinc ion and binds nucleic acids, participate in the regulation of growth, development, and stress adaptation in plants. Most zinc fingers are C2H2-type or CCCC-type, named after the configuration of cysteine (C) and histidine (H); the less-common CCCH zinc-finger proteins are important in the regulation of plant stress responses. In this review, we introduce the domain structures, classification, and subcellular localization of CCCH zinc-finger proteins in plants and discuss their functions in transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation via interactions with DNA, RNA, and other proteins. We describe the functions of CCCH zinc-finger proteins in plant development and tolerance to abiotic stresses such as salt, drought, flooding, cold temperatures and oxidative stress. Finally, we summarize the signal transduction pathways and regulatory networks of CCCH zinc-finger proteins in their responses to abiotic stress. CCCH zinc-finger proteins regulate the adaptation of plants to abiotic stress in various ways, but the specific molecular mechanisms need to be further explored, along with other mechanisms such as cytoplasm-to-nucleus shuttling and post-transcriptional regulation. Unraveling the molecular mechanisms by which CCCH zinc-finger proteins improve stress tolerance will facilitate the breeding and genetic engineering of crops with improved traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoliang Han
- Correspondence: (G.H.); (B.W.); Tel./Fax: +86-531-8618-0197 (B.W.)
| | | | | | | | - Baoshan Wang
- Correspondence: (G.H.); (B.W.); Tel./Fax: +86-531-8618-0197 (B.W.)
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29
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Luo W, Huan Q, Xu Y, Qian W, Chong K, Zhang J. Integrated global analysis reveals a vitamin E-vitamin K1 sub-network, downstream of COLD1, underlying rice chilling tolerance divergence. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109397. [PMID: 34289369 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rice, a staple food with tropical/subtropical origination, is susceptible to cold stress, one of the major constraints on its yield and distribution. Asian cultivated rice consists of two subspecies with diverged chilling tolerance to adapt to different environments. The mechanism underlying this divergence remains obscure with a few known factors, including membrane protein CHILLING-TOLERANCE DIVERGENCE 1 (COLD1). Here, we reveal a vitamin E-vitamin K1 sub-network responsible for chilling tolerance divergence through global analyses. Rice genome regions responsible for tolerance divergence are identified with chromosome segment substitution lines (CSSLs). Comparative transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis of chilling-tolerant CSSL4-1 and parent lines uncovered a vitamin E-vitamin K1 sub-network in chloroplast with tocopherol (vitamin E) mediating chloroplast-to-nucleus signaling. COLD1, located in the substitution segment in CSSL4-1, is confirmed as its upstream regulator by transgenic material analysis. Our work uncovers a pathway downstream of COLD1, through which rice modulates chilling tolerance for thermal adaptation, with potential utility in crop improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Luo
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Qing Huan
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yunyuan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Wenfeng Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Kang Chong
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Jingyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China.
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30
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Shahzad R, Jamil S, Ahmad S, Nisar A, Amina Z, Saleem S, Zaffar Iqbal M, Muhammad Atif R, Wang X. Harnessing the potential of plant transcription factors in developing climate resilient crops to improve global food security: Current and future perspectives. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:2323-2341. [PMID: 33911947 PMCID: PMC8071895 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Crop plants should be resilient to climatic factors in order to feed ever-increasing populations. Plants have developed stress-responsive mechanisms by changing their metabolic pathways and switching the stress-responsive genes. The discovery of plant transcriptional factors (TFs), as key regulators of different biotic and abiotic stresses, has opened up new horizons for plant scientists. TFs perceive the signal and switch certain stress-responsive genes on and off by binding to different cis-regulatory elements. More than 50 families of plant TFs have been reported in nature. Among them, DREB, bZIP, MYB, NAC, Zinc-finger, HSF, Dof, WRKY, and NF-Y are important with respect to biotic and abiotic stresses, but the potential of many TFs in the improvement of crops is untapped. In this review, we summarize the role of different stress-responsive TFs with respect to biotic and abiotic stresses. Further, challenges and future opportunities linked with TFs for developing climate-resilient crops are also elaborated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahil Shahzad
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Shakra Jamil
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Shakeel Ahmad
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Amina Nisar
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Zarmaha Amina
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Shazmina Saleem
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zaffar Iqbal
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Rana Muhammad Atif
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
- Center for Advanced Studies in Agriculture and Food Security (CAS-AFS), University of Agriculture Faisalabad, University Road, 38040, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Xiukang Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Yan’an University, Yan’an 716000, China
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31
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Xia C, Gong Y, Chong K, Xu Y. Phosphatase OsPP2C27 directly dephosphorylates OsMAPK3 and OsbHLH002 to negatively regulate cold tolerance in rice. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2021; 44:491-505. [PMID: 33150964 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Improving chilling tolerance is a major target of rice breeding. The OsMAPK3-OsbHLH002-OsTPP1 signalling pathway enhances chilling tolerance in rice: the kinase is activated by cold stress, and subsequently the transcription factor is phosphorylated by the activated kinase, triggering the expression of cold response genes. However, it is largely unknown how this pathway is suppressed in time to avoid it being in a continuously activated state. We found that a novel type 2C protein phosphatase, OsPP2C27, functions as a negative regulator of the OsMAPK3-OsbHLH002-OsTPP1 pathway. A dynamic change in OsMAPK3 activity was found during cold treatment. We show that OsPP2C27 interacts physically with and dephosphorylates OsMAPK3 in vitro and in vivo. Interestingly, OsPP2C27 can also directly dephosphorylate OsbHLH002, the target of OsMAPK3. After cold treatment, survival rates were higher in OsPP2C27-RNAi lines and a T-DNA insertion mutant, and lower in OsPP2C27-overexpression lines, compared to wild type. Moreover, expression of the OsTPP1 and OsDREBs were increased in OsPP2C27-RNAi lines and decreased in OsPP2C27-overexpression lines. These results indicate that cold-induced OsPP2C27 negatively regulates the OsMAPK3-OsbHLH002-OsTPP1 signalling pathway by directly dephosphorylating both phospho-OsMAPK3 and phospho-OsbHLH002, preventing the sustained activation of a positive pathway for cold stress and maintaining normal growth under chilling conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changxuan Xia
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanshan Gong
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kang Chong
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yunyuan Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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32
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Liu Q, Ding Y, Shi Y, Ma L, Wang Y, Song C, Wilkins KA, Davies JM, Knight H, Knight MR, Gong Z, Guo Y, Yang S. The calcium transporter ANNEXIN1 mediates cold-induced calcium signaling and freezing tolerance in plants. EMBO J 2021; 40:e104559. [PMID: 33372703 PMCID: PMC7809786 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2020104559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The transient elevation of cytosolic free calcium concentration ([Ca2+ ]cyt ) induced by cold stress is a well-established phenomenon; however, the underlying mechanism remains elusive. Here, we report that the Ca2+ -permeable transporter ANNEXIN1 (AtANN1) mediates cold-triggered Ca2+ influx and freezing tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana. The loss of function of AtANN1 substantially impaired freezing tolerance, reducing the cold-induced [Ca2+ ]cyt increase and upregulation of the cold-responsive CBF and COR genes. Further analysis showed that the OST1/SnRK2.6 kinase interacted with and phosphorylated AtANN1, which consequently enhanced its Ca2+ transport activity, thereby potentiating Ca2+ signaling. Consistent with these results and freezing sensitivity of ost1 mutants, the cold-induced [Ca2+ ]cyt elevation in the ost1-3 mutant was reduced. Genetic analysis indicated that AtANN1 acts downstream of OST1 in responses to cold stress. Our data thus uncover a cascade linking OST1-AtANN1 to cold-induced Ca2+ signal generation, which activates the cold response and consequently enhances freezing tolerance in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiangbo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and BiochemistryCollege of Biological SciencesChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yanglin Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and BiochemistryCollege of Biological SciencesChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yiting Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and BiochemistryCollege of Biological SciencesChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Liang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and BiochemistryCollege of Biological SciencesChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and BiochemistryCollege of Biological SciencesChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Chunpeng Song
- Institute of Plant Stress BiologyCollaborative Innovation Center of Crop Stress BiologyHenan UniversityKaifengChina
| | - Katie A Wilkins
- Department of Plant SciencesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Julia M Davies
- Department of Plant SciencesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | | | | | - Zhizhong Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and BiochemistryCollege of Biological SciencesChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and BiochemistryCollege of Biological SciencesChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Shuhua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and BiochemistryCollege of Biological SciencesChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
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Chen X, Ding Y, Yang Y, Song C, Wang B, Yang S, Guo Y, Gong Z. Protein kinases in plant responses to drought, salt, and cold stress. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 63:53-78. [PMID: 33399265 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 74.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Protein kinases are major players in various signal transduction pathways. Understanding the molecular mechanisms behind plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses has become critical for developing and breeding climate-resilient crops. In this review, we summarize recent progress on understanding plant drought, salt, and cold stress responses, with a focus on signal perception and transduction by different protein kinases, especially sucrose nonfermenting1 (SNF1)-related protein kinases (SnRKs), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades, calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs/CPKs), and receptor-like kinases (RLKs). We also discuss future challenges in these research fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuexue Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yanglin Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yongqing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Chunpeng Song
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Crop Stress Biology, Henan Province, Institute of Plant Stress Biology, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475001, China
| | - Baoshan Wang
- Key Lab of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan, 250000, China
| | - Shuhua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhizhong Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Institute of Life Science and Green Development, School of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, 071001, China
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Liu J, He Z. Small DNA Methylation, Big Player in Plant Abiotic Stress Responses and Memory. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:595603. [PMID: 33362826 PMCID: PMC7758401 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.595603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
DNA methylation is a conserved epigenetic mark that plays important roles in maintaining genome stability and regulating gene expression. As sessile organisms, plants have evolved sophisticated regulatory systems to endure or respond to diverse adverse abiotic environmental challenges, i.e., abiotic stresses, such as extreme temperatures (cold and heat), drought and salinity. Plant stress responses are often accompanied by changes in chromatin modifications at diverse responsive loci, such as 5-methylcytosine (5mC) and N 6-methyladenine (6mA) DNA methylation. Some abiotic stress responses are memorized for several hours or days through mitotic cell divisions and quickly reset to baseline levels after normal conditions are restored, which is referred to as somatic memory. In some cases, stress-induced chromatin marks are meiotically heritable and can impart the memory of stress exposure from parent plants to at least the next stress-free offspring generation through the mechanisms of transgenerational epigenetic inheritance, which may offer the descendants the potential to be adaptive for better fitness. In this review, we briefly summarize recent achievements regarding the establishment, maintenance and reset of DNA methylation, and highlight the diverse roles of DNA methylation in plant responses to abiotic stresses. Further, we discuss the potential role of DNA methylation in abiotic stress-induced somatic memory and transgenerational inheritance. Future research directions are proposed to develop stress-tolerant engineered crops to reduce the negative effects of abiotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junzhong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan and Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Zuhua He
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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Gao H, Wang C, Li L, Fu D, Zhang Y, Yang P, Zhang T, Wang C. A novel role of the calcium sensor CBL1 in response to phosphate deficiency in Arabidopsis thaliana. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 253:153266. [PMID: 32854072 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2020.153266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus acts as an essential macroelement in plant growth and development. A lack of phosphate (Pi) in arable soil and phosphate fertilizer resources is a vital limiting factor in crop yields. Calcineurin B-like proteins (CBLs) act as one of the most important calcium sensors in plants; however, whether CBLs are involved in Pi deficiency signaling pathway remains largely elusive. In this study, we utilized a reverse genetic strategy to screen Arabidopsis thaliana T-DNA insertion mutants belonging to the CBL family under Pi deficiency conditions. The cbl1 mutant exhibited a relatively tolerant phenotype, with longer roots, lower anthocyanin content, and elevated Pi content under Pi deficiency, and a more sensitive phenotype to arsenate treatment compared with wild-type plants. Moreover, CBL1 was upregulated, and the mutation of CBL1 caused phosphate starvation-induced (PSIs) genes to be significantly induced under Pi deficiency. Histochemical staining demonstrated that the cbl1 mutant has decreased acid phosphatase activity and hydrogen peroxide concentrations under Pi deficiency. Collectively, our results have revealed a novel role of CBL1 in maintaining Pi homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiling Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanqing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Lili Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Dali Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Peiyuan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianqi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Cun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China.
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Ge Q, Tang Y, Luo W, Zhang J, Chong K, Xu Y. A Cyclophilin OsCYP20-2 Interacts with OsSYF2 to Regulate Grain Length by Pre-mRNA Splicing. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2020; 13:64. [PMID: 32910367 PMCID: PMC7483694 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-020-00425-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Grain size is one of the key agronomic traits that impact grain yield. Several regulatory pathways had been reported to participate in grain size determination via cell expansion or proliferation in rice. However, little is known about cyclophilin and spliceosome participation in grain shape regulation. RESULTS Here, we identified OsCYP20-2, a cyclophilin that influences spliceosome assembly to determine grain length. oscyp20-2 t1, a knock out mutant of OsCYP20-2 caused by T-DNA insertion, produced shorter grains with deficient cell elongation. Through yeast two-hybrid screening and pull-down assays, OsSYF2, a pre-mRNA splicing factor, was identified as an interacting protein of OsCYP20-2. The phenotypes of transgenic lines indicated that OsSYF2 positively regulates grain length via its influence on cell expansion. Transcriptomic analysis showed that OsSYF2 controls the expression and pre-mRNA alternative splicing of genes involved in sugar metabolism. In addition, these two genes have similar effects on panicle architecture. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, OsSYF2, an interacting protein of OsCYP20-2, controls grain length and panicle architecture by regulating the alternative splicing of pre-mRNA involved in cell elongation and sugar metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Ge
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Present Address: College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Yongyan Tang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Wei Luo
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Jingyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Kang Chong
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- Innovation Academy for Seed Design, CAS, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yunyuan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China.
- Innovation Academy for Seed Design, CAS, Beijing, 100101, China.
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Wang L, Feng X, Yao L, Ding C, Lei L, Hao X, Li N, Zeng J, Yang Y, Wang X. Characterization of CBL-CIPK signaling complexes and their involvement in cold response in tea plant. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 154:195-203. [PMID: 32563043 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Calcineurin B-like (CBL) proteins, a class of Ca2+-binding proteins, play vital roles in calcium signal transduction by interacting specifically with CBL-interacting protein kinases (CIPKs), and these two gene families and their interacting complexes are involved in regulating plant responses to various environmental stimuli. In the present study, eight CBL and 25 CIPK genes were identified in tea plant and divided into four and five subfamilies, respectively. Analysis of the expression of these genes in response to abiotic stresses (mature leaves treated with cold, salinity, and PEG and young shoots treated with cold) revealed that CsCBL1/3/5 and CsCIPK1/4/5/6a/7/8/10b/10c/12/14a/19/23a/24 could be induced by at least two stresses. Under cold stress, CsCBL9 and CsCIPK4/6a/6b/7/11/14b/19/20 were upregulated in both mature leaves and young shoots, CsCBL1/3/5 and CsCIPK1/8/10a/10b/10c/12/14a/23a/24 were induced only in mature leaves, and CsCIPK5/25 were induced only in young shoots. Yeast two-hybrid analysis showed that CsCBL1 could interact with CsCIPK1/10b/12 but not with CsCIPK6a/7/11/14b/20. CsCBL9 was found to interact with CsCIPK1/10b/12/14b but not with CsCIPK6a/7/11/20. These results suggest divergent responses to cold stress regulated by CBL-CIPK complexes between tea plant and Arabidopsis, as well as between mature leaves and young shoots in tea plant. A model of Ca2+-CsCBL-CsCIPK module-mediated abiotic stress signaling in tea plant is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- National Center for Tea Plant Improvement, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310008, China; Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, 310008, China
| | - Xia Feng
- National Center for Tea Plant Improvement, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310008, China
| | - Lina Yao
- National Center for Tea Plant Improvement, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310008, China
| | - Changqing Ding
- National Center for Tea Plant Improvement, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310008, China
| | - Lei Lei
- National Center for Tea Plant Improvement, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310008, China
| | - Xinyuan Hao
- National Center for Tea Plant Improvement, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310008, China; Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, 310008, China
| | - Nana Li
- National Center for Tea Plant Improvement, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310008, China; Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, 310008, China
| | - Jianming Zeng
- National Center for Tea Plant Improvement, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310008, China; Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, 310008, China
| | - Yajun Yang
- National Center for Tea Plant Improvement, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310008, China; Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, 310008, China.
| | - Xinchao Wang
- National Center for Tea Plant Improvement, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310008, China; Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, 310008, China.
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Li X, Jia J, Zhao P, Guo X, Chen S, Qi D, Cheng L, Liu G. LcMYB4, an unknown function transcription factor gene from sheepgrass, as a positive regulator of chilling and freezing tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:238. [PMID: 32460695 PMCID: PMC7333390 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02427-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sheepgrass (Leymus chinensis (Trin.) Tzvel) is a perennial forage grass that can survive extreme freezing winters (- 47.5 °C) in China. In this study, we isolated an unknown function MYB transcription factor gene, LcMYB4, from sheepgrass. However, the function of LcMYB4 and its homologous genes has not been studied in other plants. RESULTS The expression of the LcMYB4 gene was upregulated in response to cold induction, and the LcMYB4 fusion protein was localized in the nucleus, with transcriptional activation activity. Biological function analysis showed that compared with WT plants, LcMYB4-overexpressing Arabidopsis presented significantly increased chilling and freezing tolerance as evidenced by increased germination rate, survival rate, and seed setting rate under conditions of low temperature stress. Furthermore, LcMYB4-overexpressing plants showed increased soluble sugar content, leaf chlorophyll content and superoxide dismutase activity but decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) under chilling stress. Moreover, the expression of the CBF1, KIN1, KIN2 and RCI2A genes were significantly upregulated in transgenic plants with chilling treatment. These results suggest that LcMYB4 overexpression increased the soluble sugar content and cold-inducible gene expression and alleviated oxidative damage and membrane damage, resulting in enhanced cold resistance in transgenic plants. Interestingly, our results showed that the LcMYB4 protein interacts with fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase protein1 (LcFBA1) and that the expression of the LcFBA1 gene was also upregulated during cold induction in sheepgrass, similar to LcMYB4. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that LcMYB4 encodes MYB transcription factor that plays a positive regulatory role in cold stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Junting Jia
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources Preservation and Utilization, Agro-biological Gene Research Center, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pincang Zhao
- College of management science and engineering, Hebei University of Economics and Business, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiufang Guo
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuangyan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dongmei Qi
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liqin Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Gongshe Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Tang Y, Gao CC, Gao Y, Yang Y, Shi B, Yu JL, Lyu C, Sun BF, Wang HL, Xu Y, Yang YG, Chong K. OsNSUN2-Mediated 5-Methylcytosine mRNA Modification Enhances Rice Adaptation to High Temperature. Dev Cell 2020; 53:272-286.e7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2020.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Abstract
Zhi-Hong Xu is a plant physiologist who studied botany at Peking University (1959–1965). He joined the Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology (SIPP), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), as a graduate student in 1965. He recalls what has happened for the institute, during the Cultural Revolution, and he witnessed the spring of science eventually coming to China. Xu was a visiting scholar at the John Innes Institute and in the Department of Botany at Nottingham University in the United Kingdom (1979–1981). He became deputy director of SIPP in 1983 and director in 1991; he also chaired the State Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics SIPP (1988–1996). He worked as a visiting scientist in the Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, National University of Singapore, for three months each year (1989–1992). He served as vice president of CAS (1992–2002) and as president of Peking University (1999–2008). Over these periods he was heavily involved in the design and implementation of major scientific projects in life sciences and agriculture in China. He is an academician of CAS and member of the Academy of Sciences for the Developing World. His scientific contributions mainly cover plant tissue culture, hormone mechanism in development, as well as plant developmental response to environment. Xu, as a scientist and leader who has made an impact in the community, called up a lot of excellent young scientists returning to China. His efforts have promoted the fast development of China's plant and agricultural sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Hong Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
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Ding Y, Shi Y, Yang S. Molecular Regulation of Plant Responses to Environmental Temperatures. MOLECULAR PLANT 2020; 13:544-564. [PMID: 32068158 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2020.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 282] [Impact Index Per Article: 70.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Temperature is a key factor governing the growth and development, distribution, and seasonal behavior of plants. The entire plant life cycle is affected by environmental temperatures. Plants grow rapidly and exhibit specific changes in morphology under mild average temperature conditions, a response termed thermomorphogenesis. When exposed to chilling or moist chilling low temperatures, flowering or seed germination is accelerated in some plant species; these processes are known as vernalization and cold stratification, respectively. Interestingly, once many temperate plants are exposed to chilling temperatures for some time, they can acquire the ability to resist freezing stress, a process termed cold acclimation. In the face of global climate change, heat stress has emerged as a frequent challenge, which adversely affects plant growth and development. In this review, we summarize and discuss recent progress in dissecting the molecular mechanisms regulating plant thermomorphogenesis, vernalization, and responses to extreme temperatures. We also discuss the remaining issues that are crucial for understanding the interactions between plants and temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanglin Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yiting Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shuhua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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Ge Q, Zhang Y, Xu Y, Bai M, Luo W, Wang B, Niu Y, Zhao Y, Li S, Weng Y, Wang Z, Qian Q, Chong K. Cyclophilin OsCYP20-2 with a novel variant integrates defense and cell elongation for chilling response in rice. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 225:2453-2467. [PMID: 31736073 PMCID: PMC7064896 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Coordinating stress defense and plant growth is a survival strategy for adaptation to different environments that contains a series of processes, such as, cell growth, division and differentiation. However, little is known about the coordination mechanism for protein conformation change. A cyclophilin OsCYP20-2 with a variant interacts with SLENDER RICE1 (SLR1) and OsFSD2 in the nucleus and chloroplasts, respectively, to integrate chilling tolerance and cell elongation in rice (Oryza sativa) (FSD2, Fe-superoxide dismutase 2). Mass spectrum assay showed that OsNuCYP20-2 localized at the nucleus (nuclear located OsCYP20-2) was a new variant of OsCYP20-2 that truncated 71 amino-acid residues in N-terminal. The loss-of function OsCYP20-2 mutant showed sensitivity to chilling stress with accumulation of extra reactive oxygen species (ROS). In chloroplasts, the full-length OsCYP20-2 promotes OsFSD2 forming homodimers which enhance its activity, eliminating the accumulation of ROS under chilling stress. However, the mutant had shorter epidermal cells in comparison with wild-type Hwayoung (HY). In the nucleus, OsCYP20-2 caused conformation change of SLR1 to promote its degradation for cell elongation. Our data reveal a cyclophilin with a variant with dual-localization in chloroplasts and the nucleus, which mediate chilling tolerance and cell elongation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Ge
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular PhysiologyInstitute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100093China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular PhysiologyInstitute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100093China
| | - Yunyuan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular PhysiologyInstitute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100093China
- Innovation Academy for Seed DesignChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China
| | - Mingyi Bai
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm InnovationMinistry of EducationSchool of Life SciencesShandong UniversityJinan250100China
| | - Wei Luo
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular PhysiologyInstitute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100093China
| | - Bo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular PhysiologyInstitute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100093China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Yuda Niu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular PhysiologyInstitute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100093China
| | - Yuan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular PhysiologyInstitute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100093China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Shanshan Li
- Laboratory of Soft Matter PhysicsInstitute of PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
| | - Yuxiang Weng
- Laboratory of Soft Matter PhysicsInstitute of PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
| | - Zhiyong Wang
- Department of Plant BiologyCarnegie Institution for ScienceStanfordCA94305USA
| | - Qian Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Rice BiologyChina National Rice Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesHangzhou310006China
| | - Kang Chong
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular PhysiologyInstitute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100093China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
- Innovation Academy for Seed DesignChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China
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