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Davoody S, Asgari Taei A, Khodabakhsh P, Dargahi L. mTOR signaling and Alzheimer's disease: What we know and where we are? CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14463. [PMID: 37721413 PMCID: PMC11017461 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the great body of research done on Alzheimer's disease, the underlying mechanisms have not been vividly investigated. To date, the accumulation of amyloid-beta plaques and tau tangles constitutes the hallmark of the disease; however, dysregulation of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) seems to be significantly involved in the pathogenesis of the disease as well. mTOR, as a serine-threonine protein kinase, was previously known for controlling many cellular functions such as cell size, autophagy, and metabolism. In this regard, mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) may leave anti-aging impacts by robustly inhibiting autophagy, a mechanism that inhibits the accumulation of damaged protein aggregate and dysfunctional organelles. Formation and aggregation of neurofibrillary tangles and amyloid-beta plaques seem to be significantly regulated by mTOR signaling. Understanding the underlying mechanisms and connection between mTOR signaling and AD may suggest conducting clinical trials assessing the efficacy of rapamycin, as an mTOR inhibitor drug, in managing AD or may help develop other medications. In this literature review, we aim to elaborate mTOR signaling network mainly in the brain, point to gaps of knowledge, and define how and in which ways mTOR signaling can be connected with AD pathogenesis and symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samin Davoody
- Student Research Committee, School of MedicineShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Afsaneh Asgari Taei
- Neuroscience Research CenterShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Pariya Khodabakhsh
- Department of NeurophysiologyInstitute of Physiology, Eberhard Karls University of TübingenTübingenGermany
| | - Leila Dargahi
- Neurobiology Research CenterShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
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2
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Collins CB, Nguyen TT, Leddy RS, Alula KM, Yeckes AR, Strassheim D, Aherne CM, Luck ME, Karoor V, Jedlicka P, Pierce A, de Zoeten EF. Heat shock factor 1 drives regulatory T-cell induction to limit murine intestinal inflammation. Mucosal Immunol 2024; 17:94-110. [PMID: 37944754 PMCID: PMC10953693 DOI: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2023.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
The heat shock response is a critical component of the inflammatory cascade that prevents misfolding of new proteins and regulates immune responses. Activation of clusters of differentiation (CD)4+ T cells causes an upregulation of heat shock transcription factor, heat shock factor 1 (HSF1). We hypothesized that HSF1 promotes a pro-regulatory phenotype during inflammation. To validate this hypothesis, we interrogated cell-specific HSF1 knockout mice and HSF1 transgenic mice using in vitro and in vivo techniques. We determined that while HSF1 expression was induced by anti-CD3 stimulation alone, the combination of anti-CD3 and transforming growth factor β, a vital cytokine for regulatory T cell (Treg) development, resulted in increased activating phosphorylation of HSF1, leading to increased nuclear translocation and binding to heat shock response elements. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), we demonstrate the direct binding of HSF1 to foxp3 in isolated murine CD4+ T cells, which in turn coincided with induction of FoxP3 expression. We defined that conditional knockout of HSF1 decreased development and function of Tregs and overexpression of HSF1 led to increased expression of FoxP3 along with enhanced Treg suppressive function. Adoptive transfer of CD45RBHigh CD4 colitogenic T cells along with HSF1 transgenic CD25+ Tregs prevented intestinal inflammation when wild-type Tregs did not. Finally, overexpression of HSF1 provided enhanced barrier function and protection from murine ileitis. This study demonstrates that HSF1 promotes Treg development and function and may represent both a crucial step in the development of induced regulatory T cells and an exciting target for the treatment of inflammatory diseases with a regulatory T-cell component. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The heat shock response (HSR) is a canonical stress response triggered by a multitude of stressors, including inflammation. Evidence supports the role of the HSR in regulating inflammation, yet there is a paucity of data on its influence in T cells specifically. Gut homeostasis reflects a balance between regulatory clusters of differentiation (CD)4+ T cells and pro-inflammatory T-helper (Th)17 cells. We show that upon activation within T cells, heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) translocates to the nucleus, and stimulates Treg-specific gene expression. HSF1 deficiency hinders Treg development and function and conversely, HSF1 overexpression enhances Treg development and function. While this work, focuses on HSF1 as a novel therapeutic target for intestinal inflammation, the findings have significance for a broad range of inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colm B Collins
- Mucosal Inflammation Program University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA; Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Tom T Nguyen
- Mucosal Inflammation Program University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Robert S Leddy
- Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Kibrom M Alula
- Mucosal Inflammation Program University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Alyson R Yeckes
- Mucosal Inflammation Program University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Derek Strassheim
- Mucosal Inflammation Program University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Carol M Aherne
- Mucosal Inflammation Program University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Marisa E Luck
- Mucosal Inflammation Program University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Vijaya Karoor
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Paul Jedlicka
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | | | - Edwin F de Zoeten
- Mucosal Inflammation Program University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
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3
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Corasaniti MT, Bagetta G, Nicotera P, Maione S, Tonin P, Guida F, Scuteri D. Exploitation of Autophagy Inducers in the Management of Dementia: A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1264. [PMID: 38279266 PMCID: PMC10816917 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The social burden of dementia is remarkable since it affects some 57.4 million people all over the world. Impairment of autophagy in age-related diseases, such as dementia, deserves deep investigation for the detection of novel disease-modifying approaches. Several drugs belonging to different classes were suggested to be effective in managing Alzheimer's disease (AD) by means of autophagy induction. Useful autophagy inducers in AD should be endowed with a direct, measurable effect on autophagy, have a safe tolerability profile, and have the capability to cross the blood-brain barrier, at least with poor penetration. According to the PRISMA 2020 recommendations, we propose here a systematic review to appraise the measurable effectiveness of autophagy inducers in the improvement of cognitive decline and neuropsychiatric symptoms in clinical trials and retrospective studies. The systematic search retrieved 3067 records, 10 of which met the eligibility criteria. The outcomes most influenced by the treatment were cognition and executive functioning, pointing at a role for metformin, resveratrol, masitinib and TPI-287, with an overall tolerable safety profile. Differences in sample power, intervention, patients enrolled, assessment, and measure of outcomes prevents generalization of results. Moreover, the domain of behavioral symptoms was found to be less investigated, thus prompting new prospective studies with homogeneous design. PROSPERO registration: CRD42023393456.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giacinto Bagetta
- Pharmacotechnology Documentation and Transfer Unit, Preclinical and Translational Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy;
| | - Pierluigi Nicotera
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53127 Bonn, Germany;
| | - Sabatino Maione
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (S.M.); (F.G.)
- Laboratory of Biomolecules, Venoms and Theranostic Application, Institute Pasteur de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1002, Tunisia
| | - Paolo Tonin
- Regional Center for Serious Brain Injuries, S. Anna Institute, 88900 Crotone, Italy;
| | - Francesca Guida
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (S.M.); (F.G.)
| | - Damiana Scuteri
- Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
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Cai J, Xie D, Kong F, Zhai Z, Zhu Z, Zhao Y, Xu Y, Sun T. Effect and Mechanism of Rapamycin on Cognitive Deficits in Animal Models of Alzheimer's Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Preclinical Studies. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 99:53-84. [PMID: 38640155 DOI: 10.3233/jad-231249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Background Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common form of dementia, remains long-term and challenging to diagnose. Furthermore, there is currently no medication to completely cure AD patients. Rapamycin has been clinically demonstrated to postpone the aging process in mice and improve learning and memory abilities in animal models of AD. Therefore, rapamycin has the potential to be significant in the discovery and development of drugs for AD patients. Objective The main objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to investigate the effects and mechanisms of rapamycin on animal models of AD by examining behavioral indicators and pathological features. Methods Six databases were searched and 4,277 articles were retrieved. In conclusion, 13 studies were included according to predefined criteria. Three authors independently judged the selected literature and methodological quality. Use of subgroup analyses to explore potential mechanistic effects of rapamycin interventions: animal models of AD, specific types of transgenic animal models, dosage, and periodicity of administration. Results The results of Morris Water Maze (MWM) behavioral test showed that escape latency was shortened by 15.60 seconds with rapamycin therapy, indicating that learning ability was enhanced in AD mice; and the number of traversed platforms was increased by 1.53 times, indicating that the improved memory ability significantly corrected the memory deficits. CONCLUSIONS Rapamycin therapy reduced age-related plaque deposition by decreasing AβPP production and down-regulating β-secretase and γ-secretase activities, furthermore increased amyloid-β clearance by promoting autophagy, as well as reduced tau hyperphosphorylation by up-regulating insulin-degrading enzyme levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Cai
- School of Intelligent Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Danni Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Fanjing Kong
- School of Intelligent Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhenwei Zhai
- School of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhishan Zhu
- School of Intelligent Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yanru Zhao
- School of Intelligent Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Tao Sun
- School of Intelligent Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Hou SJ, Zhang SX, Li Y, Xu SY. Rapamycin Responds to Alzheimer's Disease: A Potential Translational Therapy. Clin Interv Aging 2023; 18:1629-1639. [PMID: 37810956 PMCID: PMC10557994 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s429440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a sporadic or familial neurodegenerative disease of insidious onset with progressive cognitive decline. Although numerous studies have been conducted or are underway on AD, there are still no effective drugs to reverse the pathological features and clinical manifestations of AD. Rapamycin is a macrolide antibiotic produced by Streptomyces hygroscopicus. As a classical mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor, rapamycin has been shown to be beneficial in a variety of AD mouse and cells models, both before the onset of disease symptoms and the early stage of disease. Although many basic studies have demonstrated the therapeutic effects of rapamycin in AD, many questions and controversies remain. This may be due to the variability of experimental models, different modes of administration, dose, timing, frequency, and the availability of drug-targeting vehicles. Rapamycin may delay the development of AD by reducing β-amyloid (Aβ) deposition, inhibiting tau protein hyperphosphorylation, maintaining brain function in APOE ε4 gene carriers, clearing chronic inflammation, and improving cognitive dysfunction. It is thus expected to be one of the candidates for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Jia Hou
- Department of Neurology, Headache Center, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, 030001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sheng-Xiao Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, 030009, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Neurology, Headache Center, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, 030001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sui-Yi Xu
- Department of Neurology, Headache Center, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, 030001, People’s Republic of China
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6
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Yuan M, Wang Y, Huang Z, Jing F, Qiao P, Zou Q, Li J, Cai Z. Impaired autophagy in amyloid-beta pathology: A traditional review of recent Alzheimer's research. J Biomed Res 2023; 37:30-46. [PMID: 36642915 PMCID: PMC9898044 DOI: 10.7555/jbr.36.20220145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder. The major pathological changes in AD progression are the generation and accumulation of amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptides as well as the presence of abnormally hyperphosphorylated tau proteins in the brain. Autophagy is a conserved degradation pathway that eliminates abnormal protein aggregates and damaged organelles. Previous studies have suggested that autophagy plays a key role in the production and clearance of Aβ peptides to maintain a steady-state of Aβ peptides levels. However, a growing body of evidence suggests that autophagy is significantly impaired in the pathogenesis of AD, especially in Aβ metabolism. Therefore, this article reviews the latest studies concerning the mechanisms of autophagy, the metabolism of Aβ peptides, and the defective autophagy in the production and clearance of Aβ peptides. Here, we also summarize the established and new strategies for targeting autophagy in vivo and through clinical AD trials to identify gaps in our knowledge and to generate further questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghao Yuan
- Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China,Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400013, China,Department of Neurology, Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400013, China,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Chongqing 400013, China
| | - Yangyang Wang
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400013, China,Department of Neurology, Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400013, China
| | - Zhenting Huang
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400013, China,Department of Neurology, Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400013, China
| | - Feng Jing
- Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China,Department of Neurology, Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400013, China,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Chongqing 400013, China
| | - Peifeng Qiao
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400013, China,Department of Neurology, Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400013, China
| | - Qian Zou
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400013, China,Department of Neurology, Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400013, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400013, China,Department of Neurology, Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400013, China
| | - Zhiyou Cai
- Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China,Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400013, China,Department of Neurology, Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400013, China,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Chongqing 400013, China,Zhiyou Cai, Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.118, Xingguang Avenue, Liangjiang New Area, Chongqing 401147, China. Tel/Fax: +86-23-63515796/+86-23-63515796, E-mail:
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7
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Kim H, Gomez-Pastor R. HSF1 and Its Role in Huntington's Disease Pathology. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1410:35-95. [PMID: 36396925 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2022_742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) is the master transcriptional regulator of the heat shock response (HSR) in mammalian cells and is a critical element in maintaining protein homeostasis. HSF1 functions at the center of many physiological processes like embryogenesis, metabolism, immune response, aging, cancer, and neurodegeneration. However, the mechanisms that allow HSF1 to control these different biological and pathophysiological processes are not fully understood. This review focuses on Huntington's disease (HD), a neurodegenerative disease characterized by severe protein aggregation of the huntingtin (HTT) protein. The aggregation of HTT, in turn, leads to a halt in the function of HSF1. Understanding the pathways that regulate HSF1 in different contexts like HD may hold the key to understanding the pathomechanisms underlying other proteinopathies. We provide the most current information on HSF1 structure, function, and regulation, emphasizing HD, and discussing its potential as a biological target for therapy. DATA SOURCES We performed PubMed search to find established and recent reports in HSF1, heat shock proteins (Hsp), HD, Hsp inhibitors, HSF1 activators, and HSF1 in aging, inflammation, cancer, brain development, mitochondria, synaptic plasticity, polyglutamine (polyQ) diseases, and HD. STUDY SELECTIONS Research and review articles that described the mechanisms of action of HSF1 were selected based on terms used in PubMed search. RESULTS HSF1 plays a crucial role in the progression of HD and other protein-misfolding related neurodegenerative diseases. Different animal models of HD, as well as postmortem brains of patients with HD, reveal a connection between the levels of HSF1 and HSF1 dysfunction to mutant HTT (mHTT)-induced toxicity and protein aggregation, dysregulation of the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and disruption of the structural and functional integrity of synaptic connections, which eventually leads to neuronal loss. These features are shared with other neurodegenerative diseases (NDs). Currently, several inhibitors against negative regulators of HSF1, as well as HSF1 activators, are developed and hold promise to prevent neurodegeneration in HD and other NDs. CONCLUSION Understanding the role of HSF1 during protein aggregation and neurodegeneration in HD may help to develop therapeutic strategies that could be effective across different NDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyuck Kim
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Rocio Gomez-Pastor
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
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Morphis AC, Edwards SL, Erdenebat P, Kumar L, Li J. Auxin-Inducible Degron System Reveals Temporal-Spatial Roles of HSF-1 and Its Transcriptional Program in Lifespan Assurance. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2022; 3:899744. [PMID: 35899092 PMCID: PMC9309338 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2022.899744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
HSF-1 is a key regulator of cellular proteotoxic stress response and is required for animal lifespan. In C. elegans, HSF-1 mediated heat shock response (HSR) declines sharply on the first day of adulthood, and HSF-1 was proposed to function primarily during larval stages for lifespan assurance based on studies using RNAi. The tissue requirement for HSF-1 in lifespan, however, is not well understood. Using the auxin-inducible degron (AID) system, we manage to uncouple the roles of HSF-1 in development and longevity. In wild-type animals, we find HSF-1 is required during the whole self-reproductive period for lifespan. This period is extended in long-lived animals that have arrested germline stem cells (GSC) or reduced insulin/IGF-1 signaling (IIS). While depletion of HSF-1 from any major somatic tissues during development results in severe defects, HSF-1 primarily functions in the intestine and likely neural system of adults to support lifespan. Finally, by combining AID and genome-wide transcriptional analyses, we find HSF-1 directly activates the transcription of constitutively-expressed chaperone and co-chaperone genes among others in early adulthood, which underlies its roles in longevity assurance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jian Li
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma, OK, United States
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Perez FP, Bandeira JP, Perez Chumbiauca CN, Lahiri DK, Morisaki J, Rizkalla M. Multidimensional insights into the repeated electromagnetic field stimulation and biosystems interaction in aging and age-related diseases. J Biomed Sci 2022; 29:39. [PMID: 35698225 PMCID: PMC9190166 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-022-00825-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We provide a multidimensional sequence of events that describe the electromagnetic field (EMF) stimulation and biological system interaction. We describe this process from the quantum to the molecular, cellular, and organismal levels. We hypothesized that the sequence of events of these interactions starts with the oscillatory effect of the repeated electromagnetic stimulation (REMFS). These oscillations affect the interfacial water of an RNA causing changes at the quantum and molecular levels that release protons by quantum tunneling. Then protonation of RNA produces conformational changes that allow it to bind and activate Heat Shock Transcription Factor 1 (HSF1). Activated HSF1 binds to the DNA expressing chaperones that help regulate autophagy and degradation of abnormal proteins. This action helps to prevent and treat diseases such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease (PD) by increasing clearance of pathologic proteins. This framework is based on multiple mathematical models, computer simulations, biophysical experiments, and cellular and animal studies. Results of the literature review and our research point towards the capacity of REMFS to manipulate various networks altered in aging (Reale et al. PloS one 9, e104973, 2014), including delay of cellular senescence (Perez et al. 2008, Exp Gerontol 43, 307-316) and reduction in levels of amyloid-β peptides (Aβ) (Perez et al. 2021, Sci Rep 11, 621). Results of these experiments using REMFS at low frequencies can be applied to the treatment of patients with age-related diseases. The use of EMF as a non-invasive therapeutic modality for Alzheimer’s disease, specifically, holds promise. It is also necessary to consider the complicated and interconnected genetic and epigenetic effects of the REMFS-biological system’s interaction while avoiding any possible adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe P Perez
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA. .,Division of General Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
| | - Joseph P Bandeira
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Division of General Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Cristina N Perez Chumbiauca
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Debomoy K Lahiri
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatric Research, Neuroscience Research Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Jorge Morisaki
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Maher Rizkalla
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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10
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Chocron ES, Munkácsy E, Kim HS, Karpowicz P, Jiang N, Van Skike CE, DeRosa N, Banh AQ, Palavicini JP, Wityk P, Kalinowski L, Galvan V, Osmulski PA, Jankowska E, Gaczynska M, Pickering AM. Genetic and pharmacologic proteasome augmentation ameliorates Alzheimer's-like pathology in mouse and fly APP overexpression models. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabk2252. [PMID: 35675410 PMCID: PMC9177073 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abk2252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The proteasome has key roles in neuronal proteostasis, including the removal of misfolded and oxidized proteins, presynaptic protein turnover, and synaptic efficacy and plasticity. Proteasome dysfunction is a prominent feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD). We show that prevention of proteasome dysfunction by genetic manipulation delays mortality, cell death, and cognitive deficits in fly and cell culture AD models. We developed a transgenic mouse with neuronal-specific proteasome overexpression that, when crossed with an AD mouse model, showed reduced mortality and cognitive deficits. To establish translational relevance, we developed a set of TAT-based proteasome-activating peptidomimetics that stably penetrated the blood-brain barrier and enhanced 20S/26S proteasome activity. These agonists protected against cell death, cognitive decline, and mortality in cell culture, fly, and mouse AD models. The protective effects of proteasome overexpression appear to be driven, at least in part, by the proteasome's increased turnover of the amyloid precursor protein along with the prevention of overall proteostatic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Sandra Chocron
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Erin Munkácsy
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Harper S. Kim
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics (CNET), Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Przemyslaw Karpowicz
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Nisi Jiang
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Candice E. Van Skike
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Nicholas DeRosa
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Andy Q. Banh
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Juan P. Palavicini
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Paweł Wityk
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
- Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics–Fahrenheit Biobank BBMRI.pl, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
- BioTechMed Centre/Department of Mechanics of Materials and Structures, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Leszek Kalinowski
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
- Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics–Fahrenheit Biobank BBMRI.pl, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
- BioTechMed Centre/Department of Mechanics of Materials and Structures, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Veronica Galvan
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
- College of Medicine, Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- South Texas VA Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Oklahoma City VA Health Care System, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Pawel A. Osmulski
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Elzbieta Jankowska
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Maria Gaczynska
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Andrew M. Pickering
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics (CNET), Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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11
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Lu WC, Omari R, Ray H, Wang J, Williams I, Jacobs C, Hockaden N, Bochman ML, Carpenter RL. AKT1 mediates multiple phosphorylation events that functionally promote HSF1 activation. FEBS J 2022; 289:3876-3893. [PMID: 35080342 PMCID: PMC9309721 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The heat stress response activates the transcription factor heat shock factor 1 (HSF1), which subsequently upregulates heat shock proteins to maintain the integrity of the proteome. HSF1 activation requires nuclear localization, trimerization, DNA binding, phosphorylation and gene transactivation. Phosphorylation at S326 is an important regulator of HSF1 transcriptional activity. Phosphorylation at S326 is mediated by AKT1, mTOR, p38, MEK1 and DYRK2. Here, we observed activation of HSF1 by AKT1 independently of mTOR. AKT2 also phosphorylated S326 of HSF1 but showed weak ability to activate HSF1. Similarly, mTOR, p38, MEK1 and DYRK2 all phosphorylated S326 but AKT1 was the most potent activator. Mass spectrometry showed that AKT1 also phosphorylated HSF1 at T142, S230 and T527 in addition to S326, whereas the other kinases did not. Subsequent investigation revealed that phosphorylation at T142 is necessary for HSF1 trimerization and that S230, S326 and T527 are required for HSF1 gene transactivation and recruitment of TFIIB and CDK9. Interestingly, T527 as a phosphorylated residue has not been previously shown and sits in the transactivation domain, further implying a role for this site in HSF1 gene transactivation. This study suggests that HSF1 hyperphosphorylation is targeted and these specific residues have direct function in regulating HSF1 transcriptional activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Cheng Lu
- Medical Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Ramsey Omari
- Medical Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Haimanti Ray
- Medical Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - John Wang
- Medical Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Imade Williams
- Medical Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Curteisha Jacobs
- Medical Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Natasha Hockaden
- Medical Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Matthew L Bochman
- Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry Department, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA.,Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, IN, USA
| | - Richard L Carpenter
- Medical Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Bloomington, IN, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, IN, USA.,Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, IN, USA
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12
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Querfurth H, Lee HK. Mammalian/mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) complexes in neurodegeneration. Mol Neurodegener 2021; 16:44. [PMID: 34215308 PMCID: PMC8252260 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-021-00428-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel targets to arrest neurodegeneration in several dementing conditions involving misfolded protein accumulations may be found in the diverse signaling pathways of the Mammalian/mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR). As a nutrient sensor, mTOR has important homeostatic functions to regulate energy metabolism and support neuronal growth and plasticity. However, in Alzheimer's disease (AD), mTOR alternately plays important pathogenic roles by inhibiting both insulin signaling and autophagic removal of β-amyloid (Aβ) and phospho-tau (ptau) aggregates. It also plays a role in the cerebrovascular dysfunction of AD. mTOR is a serine/threonine kinase residing at the core in either of two multiprotein complexes termed mTORC1 and mTORC2. Recent data suggest that their balanced actions also have implications for Parkinson's disease (PD) and Huntington's disease (HD), Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). Beyond rapamycin; an mTOR inhibitor, there are rapalogs having greater tolerability and micro delivery modes, that hold promise in arresting these age dependent conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry Querfurth
- Department of Neurology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
| | - Han-Kyu Lee
- Department of Neurology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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13
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Wang H, Fu J, Xu X, Yang Z, Zhang T. Rapamycin activates mitophagy and alleviates cognitive and synaptic plasticity deficits in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2021; 76:1707-1713. [PMID: 34003967 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glab142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease, which is characterized by cognitive and synaptic plasticity damage. Rapamycin is an activator of autophagy/mitophagy, which plays an important role in identifying and degrading damaged mitochondria. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of rapamycin on cognitive and synaptic plasticity defects induced by AD, and further explore if the underlying mechanism was associated with mitophagy. The results show that rapamycin increases parkin-mediated mitophagy and promotes fusion of mitophagosome and lysosome in the APP/PS1 mouse hippocampus. Rapamycin enhances learning and memory viability, synaptic plasticity and the expression of synapse related proteins, and impedes Cytochrome C-mediated apoptosis, decreases oxidative status and recovers mitochondrial function in APP/PS1 mice. The data suggest that rapamycin effectively alleviates AD-like behaviors and synaptic plasticity deficits in APP/PS1 mice, which is associated with enhanced mitophagy. Our findings possibly uncover an important function of mitophagy in eliminating damaged mitochondria to attenuate Alzheimer's disease-associated pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- College of Life Sciences and Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Jingxuan Fu
- College of Life Sciences and Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Hebei Province, Institute of Biophysics, School of Sciences, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinxin Xu
- College of Life Sciences and Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Zhuo Yang
- School of Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Tao Zhang
- College of Life Sciences and Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, PR China
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14
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mTOR Attenuation with Rapamycin Reverses Neurovascular Uncoupling and Memory Deficits in Mice Modeling Alzheimer's Disease. J Neurosci 2021; 41:4305-4320. [PMID: 33888602 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2144-20.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular dysfunction is a universal feature of aging and decreased cerebral blood flow has been identified as an early event in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Cerebrovascular dysfunction in AD includes deficits in neurovascular coupling (NVC), a mechanism that ensures rapid delivery of energy substrates to active neurons through the blood supply. The mechanisms underlying NVC impairment in AD, however, are not well understood. We have previously shown that mechanistic/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) drives cerebrovascular dysfunction in models of AD by reducing the activity of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), and that attenuation of mTOR activity with rapamycin is sufficient to restore eNOS-dependent cerebrovascular function. Here we show mTOR drives NVC impairments in an AD model through the inhibition of neuronal NOS (nNOS)- and non-NOS-dependent components of NVC, and that mTOR attenuation with rapamycin is sufficient to restore NVC and even enhance it above WT responses. Restoration of NVC and concomitant reduction of cortical amyloid-β levels effectively treated memory deficits in 12-month-old hAPP(J20) mice. These data indicate that mTOR is a critical driver of NVC dysfunction and underlies cognitive impairment in an AD model. Together with our previous findings, the present studies suggest that mTOR promotes cerebrovascular dysfunction in AD, which is associated with early disruption of nNOS activation, through its broad negative impact on nNOS as well as on non-NOS components of NVC. Our studies highlight the potential of mTOR attenuation as an efficacious treatment for AD and potentially other neurologic diseases of aging.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Failure of the blood flow response to neuronal activation [neurovascular coupling (NVC)] in a model of AD precedes the onset of AD-like cognitive symptoms and is driven, to a large extent, by mammalian/mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR)-dependent inhibition of nitric oxide synthase activity. Our studies show that mTOR also drives AD-like failure of non-nitric oxide (NO)-mediated components of NVC. Thus, mTOR attenuation may serve to treat AD, where we find that neuronal NO synthase is profoundly reduced early in disease progression, and potentially other neurologic diseases of aging with cerebrovascular dysfunction as part of their etiology.
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15
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Hetz C. Adapting the proteostasis capacity to sustain brain healthspan. Cell 2021; 184:1545-1560. [PMID: 33691137 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Sustaining neuronal proteostasis during the course of our life is a central aspect required for brain function. The dynamic nature of synaptic composition and abundance is a requisite to drive cognitive and motor processes involving a tight control of many aspects of protein biosynthesis and degradation. Through the concerted action of specialized stress sensors, the proteostasis network monitors and limits the accumulation of damaged, misfolded, or aggregated proteins. These stress pathways signal to the cytosol and nucleus to reprogram gene expression, enabling adaptive programs to recover cell function. During aging, the activity of the proteostasis network declines, which may increase the risk of accumulating abnormal protein aggregates, a hallmark of most neurodegenerative diseases. Here, I discuss emerging concepts illustrating the functional significance of adaptive signaling pathways to normal brain physiology and their contribution to age-related disorders. Pharmacological and gene therapy strategies to intervene and boost proteostasis are expected to extend brain healthspan and ameliorate disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Hetz
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile; Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA.
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16
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Perez FP, Maloney B, Chopra N, Morisaki JJ, Lahiri DK. Repeated electromagnetic field stimulation lowers amyloid-β peptide levels in primary human mixed brain tissue cultures. Sci Rep 2021; 11:621. [PMID: 33436686 PMCID: PMC7804462 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77808-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Late Onset Alzheimer's Disease is the most common cause of dementia, characterized by extracellular deposition of plaques primarily of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide and tangles primarily of hyperphosphorylated tau protein. We present data to suggest a noninvasive strategy to decrease potentially toxic Aβ levels, using repeated electromagnetic field stimulation (REMFS) in primary human brain (PHB) cultures. We examined effects of REMFS on Aβ levels (Aβ40 and Aβ42, that are 40 or 42 amino acid residues in length, respectively) in PHB cultures at different frequencies, powers, and specific absorption rates (SAR). PHB cultures at day in vitro 7 (DIV7) treated with 64 MHz, and 1 hour daily for 14 days (DIV 21) had significantly reduced levels of secreted Aβ40 (p = 001) and Aβ42 (p = 0.029) peptides, compared to untreated cultures. PHB cultures (DIV7) treated at 64 MHz, for 1 or 2 hour during 14 days also produced significantly lower Aβ levels. PHB cultures (DIV28) treated with 64 MHz 1 hour/day during 4 or 8 days produced a similar significant reduction in Aβ40 levels. 0.4 W/kg was the minimum SAR required to produce a biological effect. Exposure did not result in cellular toxicity nor significant changes in secreted Aβ precursor protein-α (sAPPα) levels, suggesting the decrease in Aβ did not likely result from redirection toward the α-secretase pathway. EMF frequency and power used in our work is utilized in human magnetic resonance imaging (MRI, thus suggesting REMFS can be further developed in clinical settings to modulate Aβ deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe P Perez
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Bryan Maloney
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatric Research, Neuroscience Research Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, 320 W. 15th St, Indianapolis, IN, 46201, USA
| | - Nipun Chopra
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatric Research, Neuroscience Research Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, 320 W. 15th St, Indianapolis, IN, 46201, USA
| | - Jorge J Morisaki
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Debomoy K Lahiri
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatric Research, Neuroscience Research Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, 320 W. 15th St, Indianapolis, IN, 46201, USA.
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
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17
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Burchfiel ET, Vihervaara A, Guertin MJ, Gomez-Pastor R, Thiele DJ. Comparative interactomes of HSF1 in stress and disease reveal a role for CTCF in HSF1-mediated gene regulation. J Biol Chem 2020; 296:100097. [PMID: 33208463 PMCID: PMC7948500 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.015452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat shock transcription factor 1 (HSF1) orchestrates cellular stress protection by activating or repressing gene transcription in response to protein misfolding, oncogenic cell proliferation, and other environmental stresses. HSF1 is tightly regulated via intramolecular repressive interactions, post-translational modifications, and protein-protein interactions. How these HSF1 regulatory protein interactions are altered in response to acute and chronic stress is largely unknown. To elucidate the profile of HSF1 protein interactions under normal growth and chronic and acutely stressful conditions, quantitative proteomics studies identified interacting proteins in the response to heat shock or in the presence of a poly-glutamine aggregation protein cell-based model of Huntington's disease. These studies identified distinct protein interaction partners of HSF1 as well as changes in the magnitude of shared interactions as a function of each stressful condition. Several novel HSF1-interacting proteins were identified that encompass a wide variety of cellular functions, including roles in DNA repair, mRNA processing, and regulation of RNA polymerase II. One HSF1 partner, CTCF, interacted with HSF1 in a stress-inducible manner and functions in repression of specific HSF1 target genes. Understanding how HSF1 regulates gene repression is a crucial question, given the dysregulation of HSF1 target genes in both cancer and neurodegeneration. These studies expand our understanding of HSF1-mediated gene repression and provide key insights into HSF1 regulation via protein-protein interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eileen T Burchfiel
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Anniina Vihervaara
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Michael J Guertin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Rocio Gomez-Pastor
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Dennis J Thiele
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA; Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
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18
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Antimicrobial therapy and the potential mechanisms in Alzheimer's disease. Neurosci Lett 2020; 741:135464. [PMID: 33166642 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2020.135464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease treatments have been a heavily investigated research area, however, new drugs have failed one after another. Some scientists have begun to reposition drugs, including antimicrobial agents. Here, the treatment effects of nine antimicrobial agents on Alzheimer's disease and their possible therapeutic mechanisms are described to clarify their efficacy. In vivo and in vitro studies are quite encouraging and tend to demonstrate that antimicrobial therapy is effective in Alzheimer's disease. Nevertheless, unsatisfactory clinical efficacy, side effects, and insufficient knowledge have yet to be overcome. Further laboratory and clinical studies are required to recommend antimicrobial treatment regimens.
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19
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Uddin MS, Rahman MA, Kabir MT, Behl T, Mathew B, Perveen A, Barreto GE, Bin-Jumah MN, Abdel-Daim MM, Ashraf GM. Multifarious roles of mTOR signaling in cognitive aging and cerebrovascular dysfunction of Alzheimer's disease. IUBMB Life 2020; 72:1843-1855. [PMID: 32472959 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Age-related cognitive failure is a main devastating incident affecting even healthy people. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the utmost common form of dementia among the geriatric community. In the pathogenesis of AD, cerebrovascular dysfunction is revealed before the beginning of the cognitive decline. Mounting proof shows a precarious impact of cerebrovascular dysregulation in the development of AD pathology. Recent studies document that the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) acts as a crucial effector of cerebrovascular dysregulation in AD. The mTOR contributes to brain vascular dysfunction and subsequence cerebral blood flow deficits as well as cognitive impairment. Furthermore, mTOR causes the blood-brain barrier (BBB) breakdown in AD models. Inhibition of mTOR hyperactivity protects the BBB integrity in AD. Furthermore, mTOR drives cognitive defect and cerebrovascular dysfunction, which are greatly prevalent in AD, but the central molecular mechanisms underlying these alterations are obscure. This review represents the crucial and current research findings regarding the role of mTOR signaling in cognitive aging and cerebrovascular dysfunction in the pathogenesis of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Sahab Uddin
- Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.,Pharmakon Neuroscience Research Network, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Ataur Rahman
- Center for Neuroscience, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Tapan Behl
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Patiala, India
| | - Bijo Mathew
- Division of Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry Research Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Ahalia School of Pharmacy, Palakkad, India
| | - Asma Perveen
- Glocal School of Life Sciences, Glocal University, Saharanpur, India
| | - George E Barreto
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.,Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - May N Bin-Jumah
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed M Abdel-Daim
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Ghulam Md Ashraf
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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20
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Trivedi R, Jurivich DA. A molecular perspective on age-dependent changes to the heat shock axis. Exp Gerontol 2020; 137:110969. [PMID: 32407864 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2020.110969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Aging is a complex process associated with progressive damage that leads to cellular dysfunction often accompanied by frailty and age-related diseases. Coping with all types of physiologic stress declines with age. While representing a primordial, cross-species response in poikilo- and homeotherms, the age-dependent perturbation of the stress response is more complex than previously thought. This short review examines how age influences the stress axis at multiple levels that involve both activating and attenuating pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachana Trivedi
- Department of Geriatrics, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, USA.
| | - Donald A Jurivich
- Department of Geriatrics, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, USA.
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21
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Basic Limonoid modulates Chaperone-mediated Proteostasis and dissolve Tau fibrils. Sci Rep 2020; 10:4023. [PMID: 32132570 PMCID: PMC7055235 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60773-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Alzheimer's disease pathology is associated with accumulation of intracellular neurofibrillary tangles and extracellular senile plaques. The formation of initial nucleus triggers conformational changes in Tau and leads to its deposition. Hence, there is a need to eliminate these toxic proteins for proper functioning of neuronal cells. In this aspect, we screened the effect of basic limonoids such as gedunin, epoxyazadiradione, azadirone and azadiradione on inhibiting Tau aggregation as well as disintegration of induced Tau aggregates. It was observed that these basic limonoids effectively prevented aggregates formation by Tau and also exhibited the property of destabilizing matured Tau aggregates. The molecular docking analysis suggests that the basic limonoids interact with hexapeptide regions of aggregated Tau. Although these limonoids caused the conformational changes in Tau to β-sheet structure, the cytological studies indicate that basic limonoids rescued cell death. The dual role of limonoids in Tau aggregation inhibition and disintegration of matured aggregates suggests them to be potent molecules in overcoming Tau pathology. Further, their origin from a medicinally important plant neem, which known to possess remarkable biological activities was also found to play protective role in HEK293T cells. Basic limonoids were non-toxic to HEK293T cells and also aided in activation of HSF1 by inducing its accumulation in nucleus. Western blotting and immunofluorescence studies showed that HSF1 in downstream increased the transcription of Hsp70 thus, aggravating cytosolic Hsp70 levels that can channel clearance of aberrant Tau. All these results mark basic limonoids as potential therapeutic natural products.
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22
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Liu W, Xia F, Ha Y, Zhu S, Li Y, Folorunso O, Pashaei-Marandi A, Lin PY, Tilton RG, Pierce AP, Liu H, Zhang W. Neuroprotective Effects of HSF1 in Retinal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2019; 60:965-977. [PMID: 30884523 PMCID: PMC6424471 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.18-26216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Retinal ischemia, a common cause of several vision-threatening diseases, contributes to the death of retinal neurons, particularly retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). Heat shock transcription factor 1 (HSF1), a stress-responsive protein, has been shown to be important in response to cellular stress stimuli, including ischemia. This study is to investigate whether HSF1 has a role in retinal neuronal injury in a mouse model of retinal ischemia-reperfusion (IR). Methods IR was induced by inserting an infusion needle into the anterior chamber of the right eye and elevating a saline reservoir connected to the needle to raise the intraocular pressure to 110 mm Hg for 45 minutes. HSF1, Hsp70, molecules in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress branches, tau phosphorylation, inflammatory molecules, and RGC injury were determined by immunohistochemistry, Western blot, or quantitative PCR. Results HSF1 expression was significantly increased in the retina 6 hours after IR. Using our novel transgenic mice carrying full-length human HSF gene, we demonstrated that IR-induced retinal neuronal apoptosis and necroptosis were abrogated 12 hours after IR. RGCs and their function were preserved in the HSF1 transgenic mice 7 days after IR. Mechanistically, the beneficial effects of HSF1 may be mediated by its induction of chaperone protein Hsp70 and alleviation of ER stress, leading to decreased tau phosphorylation and attenuated inflammatory response 12 to 24 hours after IR. Conclusions These data provide compelling evidence that HSF1 is neuroprotective against retinal IR injury, and boosting HSF1 expression may be a beneficial strategy to limit neuronal degeneration in retinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States.,Department of Ophthalmology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fan Xia
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States.,Department of Ophthalmology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yonju Ha
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States
| | - Shuang Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States.,Eye Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Oluwarotimi Folorunso
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States
| | - Aryan Pashaei-Marandi
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States
| | - Pei-Yi Lin
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, Grand Island, New York, United States
| | - Ronald G Tilton
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States.,Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States
| | - Anson P Pierce
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, Grand Island, New York, United States
| | - Hua Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States
| | - Wenbo Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States.,Departments of Neuroscience, Cell Biology & Anatomy, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States
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23
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Wentink A, Nussbaum-Krammer C, Bukau B. Modulation of Amyloid States by Molecular Chaperones. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2019; 11:a033969. [PMID: 30755450 PMCID: PMC6601462 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a033969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant protein aggregation is a defining feature of most neurodegenerative diseases. During pathological aggregation, key proteins transition from their native state to alternative conformations, which are prone to oligomerize into highly ordered fibrillar states. As part of the cellular quality control machinery, molecular chaperones can intervene at many stages of the aggregation process to inhibit or reverse aberrant protein aggregation or counteract the toxicity associated with amyloid species. Although the action of chaperones is considered cytoprotective, essential housekeeping functions can be hijacked for the propagation and spreading of protein aggregates, suggesting the cellular protein quality control system constitutes a double-edged sword in neurodegeneration. Here, we discuss the various mechanisms used by chaperones to influence protein aggregation into amyloid fibrils to understand how the interplay of these activities produces specific cellular outcomes and to define mechanisms that may be targeted by pharmacological agents for the treatment of neurodegenerative conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Wentink
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carmen Nussbaum-Krammer
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bernd Bukau
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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24
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Kou X, Chen D, Chen N. Physical Activity Alleviates Cognitive Dysfunction of Alzheimer's Disease through Regulating the mTOR Signaling Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20071591. [PMID: 30934958 PMCID: PMC6479697 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20071591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most common aging-related progressive neurodegenerative disorders, and can result in great suffering for a large portion of the aged population. Although the pathogenesis of AD is being elucidated, the exact mechanisms are still unclear, thereby impeding the development of effective drugs, supplements, and other interventional strategies for AD. In recent years, impaired autophagy associated with microRNA (miRNA) dysfunction has been reported to be involved in aging and aging-related neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, miRNA-mediated regulation for the functional status of autophagy may become one of the potent interventional strategies for AD. Mounting evidence from in vivo AD models has demonstrated that physical activity can exert a neuroprotective role in AD. In addition, autophagy is strictly regulated by the mTOR signaling pathway. In this article, the regulation of the functional status of autophagy through the mTOR signaling pathway during physical activity is systematically discussed for the prevention and treatment of AD. This concept will be beneficial to developing novel and effective targets that can create a direct link between pharmacological intervention and AD in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianjuan Kou
- Tianjiu Research and Development Center for Exercise Nutrition and Foods, Hubei Key Laboratory of Exercise Training and Monitoring, College of Health Science, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan 430079, China.
| | - Dandan Chen
- Graduate School, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan 430079, China.
| | - Ning Chen
- Tianjiu Research and Development Center for Exercise Nutrition and Foods, Hubei Key Laboratory of Exercise Training and Monitoring, College of Health Science, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan 430079, China.
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25
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Majd S, Power J, Majd Z. Alzheimer's Disease and Cancer: When Two Monsters Cannot Be Together. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:155. [PMID: 30881282 PMCID: PMC6407038 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) and cancer are among the leading causes of human death around the world. While neurodegeneration is the main feature of AD, the most important characteristic of malignant tumors is cell proliferation, placing these two diseases in opposite sides of cell division spectrum. Interestingly, AD and cancer's pathologies consist of a remarkable common feature and that is the presence of active cell cycle in both conditions. In an in vitro model of primary adult neuronal culture, we previously showed that treating cell with beta amyloid forced neurons to start a cell cycle. Instead of cell division, however, neuronal cell cycle was aborted and a massive neurodegeneration was left behind as the consequence. A high level of cell cycle entry, which is a requirement for cancer pathogenesis, was reported in clinically diagnosed cases of AD, leading to neurodegeneration. The diverse clinical manifestation of a similar etiology, have puzzled researchers for many years. In fact, the evidence showed an inverse association between AD and cancer prevalence, suggesting that switching pathogenesis toward AD protects patients against cancer and vice versa. In this mini review, we discussed the possibility of involvement of cell proliferation and survival dysregulation as the underlying mechanism of neurodegeneration in AD, and the leading event to develop both disorders' pathology. As examples, the role of phosphoinositide 3 kinase/Akt/ mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K/Akt/mTOR) signaling pathway in cell cycle re-entry and blocking autophagy are discussed as potential common intracellular components between AD and cancer pathogenesis, with diverse clinical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shohreh Majd
- Neuronal Injury and Repair Laboratory, Centre for Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - John Power
- Neuronal Injury and Repair Laboratory, Centre for Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Zohreh Majd
- Psychosomatische Tagesklinik, Passau, Germany
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26
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Kaeberlein M, Galvan V. Rapamycin and Alzheimer's disease: Time for a clinical trial? Sci Transl Med 2019; 11:eaar4289. [PMID: 30674654 PMCID: PMC6762017 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aar4289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The drug rapamycin has beneficial effects in a number of animal models of neurodegeneration and aging including mouse models of Alzheimer's disease. Despite its compelling preclinical record, no clinical trials have tested rapamycin or other mTOR inhibitors in patients with Alzheimer's disease. We argue that such clinical trials should be undertaken.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matt Kaeberlein
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98045, USA.
| | - Veronica Galvan
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies and Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
- Department of Veterans Affairs, South Texas Veterans Health Care System and Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
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27
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Pupyshev AB, Korolenko TA, Tikhonova MA. Effects and Mechanisms of Rapamycin Action on Experimental Neurodegeneration. NEUROCHEM J+ 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s1819712418030108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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28
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Moyano P, García JM, Lobo M, Anadón MJ, Sola E, Pelayo A, García J, Frejo MT, Pino JD. Cadmium alters heat shock protein pathways in SN56 cholinergic neurons, leading to Aβ and phosphorylated Tau protein generation and cell death. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 121:297-308. [PMID: 30213552 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium, a neurotoxic environmental compound, produces cognitive disorders, although the mechanism remains unknown. Cadmium induces a more pronounced cell death on cholinergic neurons from basal forebrain (BF), mediated, in part, by increase in Aβ and total and phosphorylated Tau protein levels, which may explain cadmium effects on learning and memory processes. Cadmium downregulates the expression of heat shock proteins (HSPs) HSP 90, HSP70 and HSP27, and of HSF1, the master regulator of the HSP pathway. HSPs proteins reduce the production of Aβ and phosphorylated Tau proteins and avoid cell death pathways induction. Thus, we hypothesized that cadmium induced the production of Aβ and Tau proteins by HSP pathway disruption through HSF1 expression alteration, leading to BF cholinergic neurons cell death. Our results show that cadmium downregulates HSF1, leading to HSP90, HSP70 and HSP27 gene expression downregulation in BF SN56 cholinergic neurons. In addition, cadmium induced Aβ and total and phosphorylated Tau proteins generation, mediated partially by HSP90, HSP70 and HSP27 disruption, leading to cell death. These results provide new understanding of the mechanisms contributing to cadmium harmful effects on cholinergic neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Moyano
- Department of Toxicology and Legal Medicine, Medical School, Complutense University of Madrid, 28041, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Manuel García
- Department of Toxicology and Legal Medicine, Medical School, Complutense University of Madrid, 28041, Madrid, Spain
| | - Margarita Lobo
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Veterinary School, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - María José Anadón
- Department of Toxicology and Legal Medicine, Medical School, Complutense University of Madrid, 28041, Madrid, Spain
| | - Emma Sola
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, Medical School, Complutense University of Madrid, 28041, Madrid, Spain
| | - Adela Pelayo
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, Medical School, Complutense University of Madrid, 28041, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jimena García
- Department of Toxicology and Legal Medicine, Medical School, Complutense University of Madrid, 28041, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Teresa Frejo
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Veterinary School, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Del Pino
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Veterinary School, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
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29
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Ramos E, Romero A, Marco-Contelles J, López-Muñoz F, Del Pino J. Modulation of Heat Shock Response Proteins by ASS234, Targeted for Neurodegenerative Diseases Therapy. Chem Res Toxicol 2018; 31:839-842. [PMID: 30133257 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.8b00192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
ASS234 is a new multitarget molecule with multiple neuroprotective actions that significantly elevate mRNA levels of NRF2 and HSF1 transcriptional factors and of HSP105, HSP90AB1, HSPA1A, HSPA1B, HSPA5, HSPA8, HSPA9, HSP60, DNAJA1, DNAJB1, DNAJB6, DNAJC3, DNAJC5, DNAJC6, HSPB1, HSPB2, HSPB5, HSPB6, HSPB8, and HSP10 heat shock proteins (HSPs) family members in SH-SY5Y cells. This NRF2 and HSF1 overexpression may explain the upregulation of both the antioxidant enzymes previously described and the members of the HSPs family observed. These findings suggest that ASS234 is a potent HSPs inductor, which might be beneficial for preventing protein misfolding aggregation and cell death in Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Ramos
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , Complutense University of Madrid , 28040 Madrid , Spain
| | - Alejandro Romero
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , Complutense University of Madrid , 28040 Madrid , Spain
| | - José Marco-Contelles
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry (IQOG, CSIC) , C/Juan de la Cierva 3 , 28006 Madrid , Spain
| | - Francisco López-Muñoz
- School of Health , Camilo José Cela University , Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid , Spain.,Neuropsychopharmacology Unit , "Hospital 12 de Octubre" Research Institute , 28041 Madrid , Spain
| | - Javier Del Pino
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , Complutense University of Madrid , 28040 Madrid , Spain
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30
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Shirooie S, Nabavi SF, Dehpour AR, Belwal T, Habtemariam S, Argüelles S, Sureda A, Daglia M, Tomczyk M, Sobarzo-Sanchez E, Xu S, Nabavi SM. Targeting mTORs by omega-3 fatty acids: A possible novel therapeutic strategy for neurodegeneration? Pharmacol Res 2018; 135:37-48. [PMID: 29990625 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) such as Parkinson's (PD), Alzheimer's (AD), Huntington's disease (HD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) cause significant world-wide morbidity and mortality. To date, there is no drug of cure for these, mostly age-related diseases, although approaches in delaying the pathology and/or giving patients some symptomatic relief have been adopted for the last few decades. Various studies in recent years have shown the beneficial effects of omega-3 poly unsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) through diverse mechanisms including anti-inflammatory effects. This review now assesses the potential of this class of compounds in NDs therapy through specific action against the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway. The role of mTOR in neurodegenerative diseases and targeted therapies by PUFAs are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Shirooie
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Seyed Fazel Nabavi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran; Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14359-16471, Iran
| | - Ahmad R Dehpour
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tarun Belwal
- G.B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment and Sustainable Development, Kosi Katarmal, Almora, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Solomon Habtemariam
- Pharmacognosy Research Laboratories & Herbal Analysis Services UK, University of Greenwich, Chatham-Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, UK
| | - Sandro Argüelles
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Antoni Sureda
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress (NUCOX) and CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition CB12/03/30038), University of Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca E-07122, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Maria Daglia
- Department of Drug Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology Section, University of Pavia, Italy
| | - Michał Tomczyk
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2a, 15-230 Białystok, Poland
| | - Eduardo Sobarzo-Sanchez
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain; Instituto de Investigación en Innovación en Salud, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Central de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Suowen Xu
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14623, United States
| | - Seyed Mohammad Nabavi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14359-16471, Iran.
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31
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Song C, Cui Y, Liu B, Xie J, Ge X, Xu P, Ren M, Miao L, Zhou Q, Lin Y. HSP60 and HSP90β from blunt snout bream, Megalobrama amblycephala: Molecular cloning, characterization, and comparative response to intermittent thermal stress and Aeromonas hydrophila infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 74:119-132. [PMID: 29306763 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.12.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 12/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (HSPs) play critical roles in the process of anti-stress and immunity and are implicated in autoimmune diseases. In order to understand the comparative stress responses of HSP60 and HSP90β under intermittent thermal stress and Aeromonas hydrophila infection, we cloned their full-length cDNAs from Megalobrama amblycephala liver, predicted their secondary and tertiary structure, and examined their tissue-specific expression patterns. The full length of HSP60 and HSP90β cDNAs indicated that they included all signature sequences of corresponding protein families. They showed high homology to their counterparts in other species, and were consistent with the known classification of fishes based on phylogenetic analysis. HSP60 showed the highest expression in head-kidney, brain, and gill, while HSP90β presented higher in hindgut, liver, and brain. Significant mRNA expression differences were determined between HSP60 and HSP90β in tissues of bladder, liver, heart, and gill. During thermal stress and recovery phase, the highest expression of them were observed at the first recovery for 2 d and 1 d, respectively. The expression between them were extremely significant difference during the first recovery and second stress period. After A. hydrophila infection, their expressions were extremely significantly upregulated. The significant upregulation and rapid response indicated that they were sensitive to thermal stress and bacterial challenge. This study demonstrated that HSP60 and HSP90β might participate in innate immune and environmental responses of M. amblycephala. It indicated that they could be used as biomarkers to test the stress caused by local aquaculture environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changyou Song
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, 214081, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, China
| | - Yanting Cui
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, 214081, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, 214081, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, China.
| | - Jun Xie
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, 214081, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, China
| | - Xianping Ge
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, 214081, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, China
| | - Pao Xu
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, 214081, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, China.
| | - Mingchun Ren
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, China
| | - Linghong Miao
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, China
| | - Qunlan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, China
| | - Yan Lin
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, China
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32
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Van Skike CE, Galvan V. A Perfect sTORm: The Role of the Mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) in Cerebrovascular Dysfunction of Alzheimer's Disease: A Mini-Review. Gerontology 2018; 64:205-211. [PMID: 29320772 PMCID: PMC5876078 DOI: 10.1159/000485381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebrovascular dysfunction is detected prior to the onset of cognitive and histopathological changes in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Increasing evidence indicates a critical role of cerebrovascular dysfunction in the initiation and progression of AD. Recent studies identified the mechanistic/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) as a critical effector of cerebrovascular dysfunction in AD. mTOR has a key role in the regulation of metabolism, but some mTOR-dependent mechanisms are uniquely specific to the regulation of cerebrovascular function. These include the regulation of cerebral blood flow, blood-brain barrier integrity and maintenance, neurovascular coupling, and cerebrovascular reactivity. This article examines the available evidence for a role of mTOR-driven cerebrovascular dysfunction in the pathogenesis of AD and of vascular cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID) and highlights the therapeutic potential of targeting mTOR and/or specific downstream effectors for vasculoprotection in AD, VCID, and other age-associated neurological diseases with cerebrovascular etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candice E Van Skike
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology and The Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
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33
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Brehme M, Voisine C. Model systems of protein-misfolding diseases reveal chaperone modifiers of proteotoxicity. Dis Model Mech 2017; 9:823-38. [PMID: 27491084 PMCID: PMC5007983 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.024703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Chaperones and co-chaperones enable protein folding and degradation, safeguarding the proteome against proteotoxic stress. Chaperones display dynamic responses to exogenous and endogenous stressors and thus constitute a key component of the proteostasis network (PN), an intricately regulated network of quality control and repair pathways that cooperate to maintain cellular proteostasis. It has been hypothesized that aging leads to chronic stress on the proteome and that this could underlie many age-associated diseases such as neurodegeneration. Understanding the dynamics of chaperone function during aging and disease-related proteotoxic stress could reveal specific chaperone systems that fail to respond to protein misfolding. Through the use of suppressor and enhancer screens, key chaperones crucial for proteostasis maintenance have been identified in model organisms that express misfolded disease-related proteins. This review provides a literature-based analysis of these genetic studies and highlights prominent chaperone modifiers of proteotoxicity, which include the HSP70-HSP40 machine and small HSPs. Taken together, these studies in model systems can inform strategies for therapeutic regulation of chaperone functionality, to manage aging-related proteotoxic stress and to delay the onset of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Brehme
- Joint Research Center for Computational Biomedicine (JRC-COMBINE), RWTH Aachen University, 52062 Aachen, Germany
| | - Cindy Voisine
- Department of Biology, Northeastern Illinois University, Chicago, IL 60625, USA
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34
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Tindale LC, Leach S, Spinelli JJ, Brooks-Wilson AR. Lipid and Alzheimer's disease genes associated with healthy aging and longevity in healthy oldest-old. Oncotarget 2017; 8:20612-20621. [PMID: 28206976 PMCID: PMC5400530 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies have found that long-lived individuals do not appear to carry lower numbers of common disease-associated variants than ordinary people; it has been hypothesized that they may instead carry protective variants. An intriguing type of protective variant is buffering variants that protect against variants that have deleterious effects. We genotyped 18 variants in 15 genes related to longevity or healthy aging that had been previously reported as having a gene-gene interaction or buffering effect. We compared a group of 446 healthy oldest-old ‘Super-Seniors’ (individuals 85 or older who have never been diagnosed with cancer, cardiovascular disease, dementia, diabetes or major pulmonary disease) to 421 random population-based midlife controls. Cases and controls were of European ancestry. Association tests of individual SNPs showed that Super-Seniors were less likely than controls to carry an APOEε4 allele or a haptoglobin HP2 allele. Interactions between APOE/FOXO3, APOE/CRYL1, and LPA/CRYL1 did not remain significant after multiple testing correction. In a network analysis of the candidate genes, lipid and cholesterol metabolism was a common theme. APOE, HP, and CRYL1 have all been associated with Alzheimer’s Disease, the pathology of which involves lipid and cholesterol pathways. Age-related changes in lipid and cholesterol maintenance, particularly in the brain, may be central to healthy aging and longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren C Tindale
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, B.C., Canada.,Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, B.C., Canada
| | - Stephen Leach
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, B.C., Canada
| | - John J Spinelli
- Cancer Control Research, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, B.C., Canada.,School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C., Canada
| | - Angela R Brooks-Wilson
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, B.C., Canada.,Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, B.C., Canada
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35
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Gomez-Pastor R, Burchfiel ET, Thiele DJ. Regulation of heat shock transcription factors and their roles in physiology and disease. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2017; 19:4-19. [PMID: 28852220 DOI: 10.1038/nrm.2017.73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 459] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The heat shock transcription factors (HSFs) were discovered over 30 years ago as direct transcriptional activators of genes regulated by thermal stress, encoding heat shock proteins. The accepted paradigm posited that HSFs exclusively activate the expression of protein chaperones in response to conditions that cause protein misfolding by recognizing a simple promoter binding site referred to as a heat shock element. However, we now realize that the mammalian family of HSFs comprises proteins that independently or in concert drive combinatorial gene regulation events that activate or repress transcription in different contexts. Advances in our understanding of HSF structure, post-translational modifications and the breadth of HSF-regulated target genes have revealed exciting new mechanisms that modulate HSFs and shed new light on their roles in physiology and pathology. For example, the ability of HSF1 to protect cells from proteotoxicity and cell death is impaired in neurodegenerative diseases but can be exploited by cancer cells to support their growth, survival and metastasis. These new insights into HSF structure, function and regulation should facilitate the development tof new disease therapeutics to manipulate this transcription factor family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocio Gomez-Pastor
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine
| | | | - Dennis J Thiele
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine.,Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine.,Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
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36
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Assessment of Autophagy in Neurons and Brain Tissue. Cells 2017; 6:cells6030025. [PMID: 28832529 PMCID: PMC5617971 DOI: 10.3390/cells6030025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a complex process that controls the transport of cytoplasmic components into lysosomes for degradation. This highly conserved proteolytic system involves dynamic and complex processes, using similar molecular elements and machinery from yeast to humans. Moreover, autophagic dysfunction may contribute to a broad spectrum of mammalian diseases. Indeed, in adult tissues, where the capacity for regeneration or cell division is low or absent (e.g., in the mammalian brain), the accumulation of proteins/peptides that would otherwise be recycled or destroyed may have pathological implications. Indeed, such changes are hallmarks of pathologies, like Alzheimer’s, Prion or Parkinson’s disease, known as proteinopathies. However, it is still unclear whether such dysfunction is a cause or an effect in these conditions. One advantage when analysing autophagy in the mammalian brain is that almost all the markers described in different cell lineages and systems appear to be present in the brain, and even in neurons. By contrast, the mixture of cell types present in the brain and the differentiation stage of such neurons, when compared with neurons in culture, make translating basic research to the clinic less straightforward. Thus, the purpose of this review is to describe and discuss the methods available to monitor autophagy in neurons and in the mammalian brain, a process that is not yet fully understood, focusing primarily on mammalian macroautophagy. We will describe some general features of neuronal autophagy that point to our focus on neuropathologies in which macroautophagy may be altered. Indeed, we centre this review around the hypothesis that enhanced autophagy may be able to provide therapeutic benefits in some brain pathologies, like Alzheimer’s disease, considering this pathology as one of the most prevalent proteinopathies.
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37
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Jain N, Rai A, Mishra R, Ganesh S. Loss of malin, but not laforin, results in compromised autophagic flux and proteasomal dysfunction in cells exposed to heat shock. Cell Stress Chaperones 2017; 22:307-315. [PMID: 27975203 PMCID: PMC5352594 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-016-0754-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Revised: 12/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat stress to a cell leads to the activation of heat shock response, which is required for the management of misfolded and unfolded proteins. Macroautophagy and proteasome-mediated degradation are the two cellular processes that degrade polyubiquitinated, misfolded proteins. Contrasting pieces of evidence exist on the effect of heat stress on the activation of the above-mentioned degradative pathways. Laforin phosphatase and malin E3 ubiquitin ligase, the two proteins defective in Lafora neurodegenerative disorder, are involved in cellular stress response pathways and are required for the activation of heat shock transcription factor - the heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) - and, consequently, for cellular protection under heat shock. While the role of laforin and malin in the proteolytic pathways is well established, their role in cellular recovery from heat shock was not explored. To address this, we investigated autophagic flux, proteasomal activity, and the level of polyubiquitinated proteins in Neuro2a cells partially silenced for laforin or malin protein and exposed to heat shock. We found that heat shock was able to induce autophagic flux, proteasomal activity and reduce the polyubiquitinated proteins load in the laforin-silenced cells but not in the malin-deficient cells. Loss of malin leads to reduced proteasomal activity in the heat-shocked cells. Taken together, our results suggest a distinct mode of action for laforin and malin in the heat shock-induced proteolytic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navodita Jain
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, 208016, India
| | - Anupama Rai
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, 208016, India
| | - Rohit Mishra
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, 208016, India
| | - Subramaniam Ganesh
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, 208016, India.
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38
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Stroo E, Koopman M, Nollen EAA, Mata-Cabana A. Cellular Regulation of Amyloid Formation in Aging and Disease. Front Neurosci 2017; 11:64. [PMID: 28261044 PMCID: PMC5306383 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
As the population is aging, the incidence of age-related neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer and Parkinson disease, is growing. The pathology of neurodegenerative diseases is characterized by the presence of protein aggregates of disease specific proteins in the brain of patients. Under certain conditions these disease proteins can undergo structural rearrangements resulting in misfolded proteins that can lead to the formation of aggregates with a fibrillar amyloid-like structure. Cells have different mechanisms to deal with this protein aggregation, where the molecular chaperone machinery constitutes the first line of defense against misfolded proteins. Proteins that cannot be refolded are subjected to degradation and compartmentalization processes. Amyloid formation has traditionally been described as responsible for the proteotoxicity associated with different neurodegenerative disorders. Several mechanisms have been suggested to explain such toxicity, including the sequestration of key proteins and the overload of the protein quality control system. Here, we review different aspects of the involvement of amyloid-forming proteins in disease, mechanisms of toxicity, structural features, and biological functions of amyloids, as well as the cellular mechanisms that modulate and regulate protein aggregation, including the presence of enhancers and suppressors of aggregation, and how aging impacts the functioning of these mechanisms, with special attention to the molecular chaperones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Stroo
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Aging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Mandy Koopman
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Aging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Ellen A A Nollen
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Aging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Alejandro Mata-Cabana
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Aging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen Groningen, Netherlands
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39
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Does any drug to treat cancer target mTOR and iron hemostasis in neurodegenerative disorders? Biometals 2016; 30:1-16. [PMID: 27853903 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-016-9981-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease are increased by age. Alleviation of their symptoms and protection of normal neurons against degeneration are the main aspects of the research to establish novel therapeutic strategies. Iron as the one of most important cation not only play important role in the structure of electron transport chain proteins but also has pivotal duties in cellular activities. But disruption in iron hemostasis can make it toxin to neurons which causes lipid peroxidation, DNA damage and etc. In patients with Alzheimer and Parkinson misbalancing in iron homeostasis accelerate neurodegeneration and cause neuroinflmmation. mTOR as the common signaling pathway between cancer and neurodegenerative disorders controls iron uptake and it is in active form in both diseases. Anti-cancer drugs which target mTOR causes iron deficiency and dual effects of mTOR inhibitors can candidate them as a therapeutic strategy to alleviate neurodegeneration/inflammation because of iron overloading.
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Ingenwerth M, Estrada V, Stahr A, Müller HW, von Gall C. HSF1-deficiency affects gait coordination and cerebellar calbindin levels. Behav Brain Res 2016; 310:103-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2016.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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41
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Rodriguez KA, Valentine JM, Kramer DA, Gelfond JA, Kristan DM, Nevo E, Buffenstein R. Determinants of rodent longevity in the chaperone-protein degradation network. Cell Stress Chaperones 2016; 21:453-66. [PMID: 26894765 PMCID: PMC4837185 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-016-0672-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Revised: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteostasis is an integral component of healthy aging, ensuring maintenance of protein structural and functional integrity with concomitant impact upon health span and longevity. In most metazoans, increasing age is accompanied by a decline in protein quality control resulting in the accrual of damaged, self-aggregating cytotoxic proteins. A notable exception to this trend is observed in the longest-lived rodent, the naked mole-rat (NMR, Heterocephalus glaber) which maintains proteostasis and proteasome-mediated degradation and autophagy during aging. We hypothesized that high levels of the proteolytic degradation may enable better maintenance of proteostasis during aging contributing to enhanced species maximum lifespan potential (MLSP). We test this by examining proteasome activity, proteasome-related HSPs, the heat-shock factor 1 (HSF1) transcription factor, and several markers of autophagy in the liver and quadriceps muscles of eight rodent species with divergent MLSP. All subterranean-dwelling species had higher levels of proteasome activity and autophagy, possibly linked to having to dig in soils rich in heavy metals and where underground atmospheres have reduced oxygen availability. Even after correcting for phylogenetic relatedness, a significant (p < 0.02) positive correlation between MLSP, HSP25, HSF1, proteasome activity, and autophagy-related protein 12 (ATG12) was observed, suggesting that the proteolytic degradation machinery and maintenance of protein quality play a pivotal role in species longevity among rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl A Rodriguez
- Sam and Anne Barshop Center for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio (UTHSCSA), San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Joseph M Valentine
- Sam and Anne Barshop Center for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio (UTHSCSA), San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, UTHSCSA, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - David A Kramer
- Department of Medicine, UTHSCSA, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Jonathan A Gelfond
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, UTHSCSA, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Deborah M Kristan
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University San Marcos, San Marcos, CA, 92096, USA
| | - Eviatar Nevo
- Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, Haifa, 3498838, Israel
| | - Rochelle Buffenstein
- Sam and Anne Barshop Center for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio (UTHSCSA), San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA.
- Department of Physiology, UTHSCSA, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA.
- Calico, 1170 Veterans Blvd, San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA.
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42
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Busse S, Steiner J, Glorius S, Dobrowolny H, Greiner-Bohl S, Mawrin C, Bommhardt U, Hartig R, Bogerts B, Busse M. VGF expression by T lymphocytes in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Oncotarget 2016; 6:14843-51. [PMID: 26142708 PMCID: PMC4558119 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Secretion of VGF is increased in cerebrospinal fluid and blood in neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer's disease (AD) and VGF is a potential biomarker for these disorders. We have shown that VGF is expressed in peripheral T cells and is correlated with T cell survival and cytokine secretion. The frequency of VGF+CD3+ T cells increases with normal aging. We found an increased number of VGF-expressing T cells in patients with AD compared to aged healthy controls, which was associated with enhanced HbA1c levels in blood. Upon treatment with rivastigmine, T cell proliferation and VGF expression in AD patients decreased to the level found in controls. Moreover, rapamycin treatment in vitro reduced the number of VGF+CD3+ cells in AD patients to control levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Busse
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Johann Steiner
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.,Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Sarah Glorius
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Henrik Dobrowolny
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | | | - Christian Mawrin
- Department of Neuropathology, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Ursula Bommhardt
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Roland Hartig
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Bernhard Bogerts
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.,Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Mandy Busse
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Allergology & Neonatology, Medical University of Hannover, Hannover, Germany
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Lin PY, Folorunso O, Taglialatela G, Pierce A. Overexpression of heat shock factor 1 maintains TAR DNA binding protein 43 solubility via induction of inducible heat shock protein 70 in cultured cells. J Neurosci Res 2016; 94:671-82. [PMID: 26994698 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Revised: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
TAR DNA binding protein 43 (TDP-43) is a nuclear protein that has been shown to have altered homeostasis in the form of neuronal nuclear and cytoplasmic aggregates in some familial and almost all cases of sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis as well as 51% of frontotemporal lobar degeneration and 57% of Alzheimer's disease cases. Heat shock proteins (HSPs), such as HSP70, recognize misfolded or aggregated proteins and refold, disaggregate, or turn them over and are upregulated by the master transcription factor heat shock factor 1 (HSF1). Here, we explore the effect of HSF1 overexpression on proteotoxic stress-related alterations in TDP-43 solubility, proteolytic processing, and cytotoxicity. HSF1 overexpression reduced TDP-43-positive puncta concomitantly with upregulating HSP70 and HSP90 protein levels. HSF1 overexpression or pharmacological activation sustained TDP-43 solubility and significantly reduced truncation of TDP-43 in response to inhibition of the proteasome with Z-Leu-Leu-Leu-al, and this was reversed by HSF1 inhibition. HSF1 activation conferred protection against toxicity associated with TDP-43 C-terminal fragments without globally increasing the activity of the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) while concomitantly reducing the induction of autophagy, suggesting that HSF1 protection is an early event. In support of this, inhibition of HSP70 ATPase activity further reduced TDP-43 solubility. HSF1 knockout significantly increased TDP-43 insolubility and accelerated TDP-43 fragmentation in response to proteotoxic stress. Overall, this study shows that HSF1 overexpression protects against TDP-43 pathology by upregulation of chaperones, especially HSP70, rather than enhancing autophagy or the UPS during times of proteotoxic stress. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Yi Lin
- George and Cynthia Woods Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas.,Sealy Center for Vaccine Development, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Oluwarotimi Folorunso
- George and Cynthia Woods Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas.,Sealy Center for Vaccine Development, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Giulio Taglialatela
- George and Cynthia Woods Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas.,Department of Neurology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Anson Pierce
- George and Cynthia Woods Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas.,Sealy Center for Vaccine Development, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
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Yerbury JJ, Ooi L, Dillin A, Saunders DN, Hatters DM, Beart PM, Cashman NR, Wilson MR, Ecroyd H. Walking the tightrope: proteostasis and neurodegenerative disease. J Neurochem 2016; 137:489-505. [DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Revised: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Justin J. Yerbury
- Proteostasis and Disease Research Centre; School of Biological Sciences; Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health; University of Wollongong; Wollongong New South Wales Australia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute; Wollongong; New South Wales Australia
| | - Lezanne Ooi
- Proteostasis and Disease Research Centre; School of Biological Sciences; Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health; University of Wollongong; Wollongong New South Wales Australia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute; Wollongong; New South Wales Australia
| | - Andrew Dillin
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology; Li Ka Shing Center for Biomedical and Health Sciences; The University of California; California USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute; The University of California; Berkeley California USA
| | - Darren N. Saunders
- School of Medical Sciences; Faculty of Medicine; University of New South Wales; Randwick New South Wales Australia
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre; Garvan Institute of Medical Research; Darlinghurst New South Wales Australia
| | - Danny M. Hatters
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute; University of Melbourne; Parkville Victoria Australia
| | - Philip M. Beart
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health; University of Melbourne; Parkville Victoria Australia
| | - Neil R. Cashman
- Department of Medicine (Neurology); University of British Columbia and Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute; Brain Research Centre; University of British Columbia; Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| | - Mark R. Wilson
- Proteostasis and Disease Research Centre; School of Biological Sciences; Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health; University of Wollongong; Wollongong New South Wales Australia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute; Wollongong; New South Wales Australia
| | - Heath Ecroyd
- Proteostasis and Disease Research Centre; School of Biological Sciences; Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health; University of Wollongong; Wollongong New South Wales Australia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute; Wollongong; New South Wales Australia
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Abstract
Protein quality control (proteostasis) depends on constant protein degradation and resynthesis, and is essential for proper homeostasis in systems from single cells to whole organisms. Cells possess several mechanisms and processes to maintain proteostasis. At one end of the spectrum, the heat shock proteins modulate protein folding and repair. At the other end, the proteasome and autophagy as well as other lysosome-dependent systems, function in the degradation of dysfunctional proteins. In this review, we examine how these systems interact to maintain proteostasis. Both the direct cellular data on heat shock control over autophagy and the time course of exercise-associated changes in humans support the model that heat shock response and autophagy are tightly linked. Studying the links between exercise stress and molecular control of proteostasis provides evidence that the heat shock response and autophagy coordinate and undergo sequential activation and downregulation, and that this is essential for proper proteostasis in eukaryotic systems.
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Key Words
- AKT, v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog 1
- AMPK, adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase
- ATG, autophagy-related
- BECN1, Beclin 1, autophagy related
- EIF4EBP1, eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E binding protein 1
- ER, endoplasmic reticulum
- FOXO, forkhead box O
- HSF1, heat shock transcription factor 1
- HSP, heat shock protein
- HSP70
- HSPA8/HSC70, heat shock 70kDa protein 8
- IL, interleukin
- LC3, MAP1LC3, microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3
- MTMR14/hJumpy, myotubularin related protein 14
- MTOR, mechanistic target of rapamycin
- NR1D1/Rev-Erb-α, nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group D, member 1
- PBMC, peripheral blood mononuclear cell
- PPARGC1A/PGC-1α, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor, gamma, coactivator 1 α
- RHEB, Ras homolog enriched in brain
- SOD, superoxide dismutase
- SQSTM1/p62, sequestosome 1
- TPR, translocated promoter region, nuclear basket protein
- TSC, tuberous sclerosis complex
- ULK1, unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1
- autophagy
- exercise
- heat shock response
- humans
- protein breakdown
- protein synthesis
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Affiliation(s)
- Karol Dokladny
- a Department of Internal Medicine; Health Sciences Center; Health, Exercise & Sports Science of University of New Mexico ; Albuquerque , NM USA
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Galvan V, Hart MJ. Vascular mTOR-dependent mechanisms linking the control of aging to Alzheimer's disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2015; 1862:992-1007. [PMID: 26639036 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2015.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Revised: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Aging is the strongest known risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD). With the discovery of the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) as a critical pathway controlling the rate of aging in mice, molecules at the interface between the regulation of aging and the mechanisms of specific age-associated diseases can be identified. We will review emerging evidence that mTOR-dependent brain vascular dysfunction, a universal feature of aging, may be one of the mechanisms linking the regulation of the rate of aging to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Vascular Contributions to Cognitive Impairment and Dementia edited by M. Paul Murphy, Roderick A. Corriveau and Donna M. Wilcock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Galvan
- Department of Physiology and the Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio.
| | - Matthew J Hart
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio
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Abstract
TOR (target of rapamycin) and its mammalian ortholog mTOR have been discovered in an effort to understand the mechanisms of action of the immunosuppressant drug rapamycin extracted from a bacterium of the Easter Island (Rapa Nui) soil. mTOR is a serine/threonine kinase found in two functionally distinct complexes, mTORC1 and mTORC2, which are differentially regulated by a great number of nutrients such as glucose and amino acids, energy (oxygen and ATP/AMP content), growth factors, hormones, and neurotransmitters. mTOR controls many basic cellular functions such as protein synthesis, energy metabolism, cell size, lipid metabolism, autophagy, mitochondria, and lysosome biogenesis. In addition, mTOR-controlled signaling pathways regulate many integrated physiological functions of the nervous system including neuronal development, synaptic plasticity, memory storage, and cognition. Thus it is not surprising that deregulation of mTOR signaling is associated with many neurological and psychiatric disorders. Preclinical and preliminary clinical studies indicate that inhibition of mTORC1 can be beneficial for some pathological conditions such as epilepsy, cognitive impairment, and brain tumors, whereas stimulation of mTORC1 (direct or indirect) can be beneficial for other pathologies such as depression or axonal growth and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joël Bockaert
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR-5203, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Montpellier, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1191, Montpellier, France; and Université de Montpellier, UMR-5203, Montpellier, France
| | - Philippe Marin
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR-5203, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Montpellier, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1191, Montpellier, France; and Université de Montpellier, UMR-5203, Montpellier, France
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48
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Mitra G, Gupta S, Poddar A, Bhattacharyya B. MAP2c prevents arachidonic acid-induced fibril formation of tau: Role of chaperone activity and phosphorylation. Biophys Chem 2015; 205:16-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2015.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Revised: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Hippocampal endosomal, lysosomal, and autophagic dysregulation in mild cognitive impairment: correlation with aβ and tau pathology. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2015; 74:345-58. [PMID: 25756588 DOI: 10.1097/nen.0000000000000179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Endosomal-lysosomal and autophagic dysregulation occurs in the hippocampus in prodromal Alzheimer disease (AD), but its relationship with β-amyloid (Aβ) and tau pathology remains unclear. To investigate this issue, we performed immunoblot analysis of hippocampal homogenates from cases with an antemortem clinical diagnosis of no cognitive impairment, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and AD. Western blot analysis revealed significant increases in the acid hydrolase cathepsin D and early endosome marker rabaptin5 in the MCI group compared with AD, whereas levels of phosphorylated mammalian target of rapamycin proteins (pmTOR), total mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), p62, traf6, and LilrB2 were comparable across clinical groups. Hippocampal Aβ1-40 and Aβ1-42 concentrations and AT8-immunopositive neurofibrillary tangle density were not significantly different across the clinical groups. Greater cathepsin D expression was associated with global cognitive score and episodic memory score but not with mini mental state examination or advanced neuropathology criteria. These results indicate that alterations in hippocampal endosomal-lysosomal proteins in MCI are independent of tau or Aβ pathology.
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50
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Bridging the gap between statistical and biological epistasis in Alzheimer's disease. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:870123. [PMID: 26075270 PMCID: PMC4449899 DOI: 10.1155/2015/870123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease affects millions of people worldwide and incidence is expected to rise as the population ages, but no effective therapies exist despite decades of research and more than 20 known disease markers. Research has shown that Alzheimer's disease's missing heritability remains extensive with an estimated 25% of phenotypic variance unexplained by known variants. The missing heritability may be explained by missing variants or by epistasis. Researchers often focus on individual loci rather than epistatic interactions, which is likely an oversimplification of the underlying biology since most phenotypes are affected by multiple genes. Focusing research efforts on epistasis will be critical to resolving Alzheimer's disease etiology, and a major key to identifying and properly interpreting key epistatic interactions will be bridging the gap between statistical and biological epistasis. This review covers the current state of epistasis research in Alzheimer's disease and how researchers can bridge the gap between statistical and biological epistasis to help resolve Alzheimer's disease etiology.
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