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Wang X, Chen Q, Liu Y, Sun J, Li J, Zhao P, Cai L, Liu W, Yang Z, Wang Z, Lv H. Causal relationship between multiparameter brain MRI phenotypes and age: evidence from Mendelian randomization. Brain Commun 2024; 6:fcae077. [PMID: 38529357 PMCID: PMC10963122 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcae077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
To explore the causal relationship between age and brain health (cortical atrophy, white matter integrity, white matter hyperintensities and cerebral microbleeds in various brain regions) related multiparameter imaging features using two-sample Mendelian randomization. Age was determined as chronological age of the subject. Cortical volume, white matter micro-integrity, white matter hyperintensity volume and cerebral microbleeds of each brain region were included as phenotypes for brain health. Age and imaging of brain health related genetic data were analysed to determine the causal relationship using inverse-variance weighted model, validated by heterogeneity and horizontal pleiotropy variables. Age is causally related to increased volumes of white matter hyperintensities (β = 0.151). For white matter micro-integrity, fibres of the inferior cerebellar peduncle (axial diffusivity β = -0.128, orientation dispersion index β = 0.173), cerebral peduncle (axial diffusivity β = -0.136), superior fronto-occipital fasciculus (isotropic volume fraction β = 0.163) and fibres within the limbic system were causally deteriorated. We also detected decreased cortical thickness of multiple frontal and temporal regions (P < 0.05). Microbleeds were not related with aging (P > 0.05). Aging is a threat of brain health, leading to cortical atrophy mainly in the frontal lobes, as well as the white matter degeneration especially abnormal hyperintensity and deteriorated white matter integrity around the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinghao Wang
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Qian Chen
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yawen Liu
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jia Li
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Pengfei Zhao
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Linkun Cai
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Wenjuan Liu
- Department of Radiology, Aerospace Center Hospital, Beijing 100089, China
- Peking University Aerospace School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing 100089, China
| | - Zhenghan Yang
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Zhenchang Wang
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Han Lv
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
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Verkhratsky A, Semyanov A. Astrocytes in Ageing. Subcell Biochem 2023; 103:253-277. [PMID: 37120471 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-26576-1_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Ageing is associated with a morphological and functional decline of astrocytes with a prevalence of morphological atrophy and loss of function. In particular, ageing is manifested by the shrinkage of astrocytic processes: branches and leaflets, which decreases synaptic coverage. Astrocytic dystrophy affects multiple functions astrocytes play in the brain active milieu. In particular, and in combination with an age-dependent decline in the expression of glutamate transporters, astrocytic atrophy translates into deficient glutamate clearance and K+ buffering. Decreased astrocyte presence may contribute to age-dependent remodelling of brain extracellular space, hence affecting extrasynaptic signalling. Old astrocytes lose endfeet polarisation of AQP4 water channels, thus limiting the operation of the glymphatic system. In ageing, astrocytes down-regulate their antioxidant capacity leading to decreased neuroprotection. All these changes may contribute to an age-dependent cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexei Verkhratsky
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
- Achucarro Center for Neuroscience, IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain.
- Department of Neurosciences, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU and CIBERNED, Leioa, Spain.
- Department of Forensic Analytical Toxicology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - Alexey Semyanov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Physiology, Jiaxing University College of Medicine, Jiaxing, Zhejiang Pro, China
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3
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Yabluchanskiy A, Nyul-Toth A, Csiszar A, Gulej R, Saunders D, Towner R, Turner M, Zhao Y, Abdelkari D, Rypma B, Tarantini S. Age-related alterations in the cerebrovasculature affect neurovascular coupling and BOLD fMRI responses: Insights from animal models of aging. Psychophysiology 2021; 58:e13718. [PMID: 33141436 PMCID: PMC9166153 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The present and future research efforts in cognitive neuroscience and psychophysiology rely on the measurement, understanding, and interpretation of blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to effectively investigate brain function. Aging and age-associated pathophysiological processes change the structural and functional integrity of the cerebrovasculature which can significantly alter how the BOLD signal is recorded and interpreted. In order to gain an improved understanding of the benefits, drawbacks, and methodological implications for BOLD fMRI in the context of cognitive neuroscience, it is crucial to understand the cellular and molecular mechanism of age-related vascular pathologies. This review discusses the multifaceted effects of aging and the contributions of age-related pathologies on structural and functional integrity of the cerebral microcirculation as they has been investigated in animal models of aging, including age-related alterations in neurovascular coupling responses, cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in microvascular damage, vascular rarefaction, blood-brain barrier disruption, senescence, humoral deficiencies as they relate to, and potentially introduce confounding factors in the interpretation of BOLD fMRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andriy Yabluchanskiy
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Adam Nyul-Toth
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA,Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Anna Csiszar
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Rafal Gulej
- Advanced Magnetic Resonance Center, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma, OK, USA
| | - Debra Saunders
- Advanced Magnetic Resonance Center, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma, OK, USA
| | - Rheal Towner
- Advanced Magnetic Resonance Center, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma, OK, USA
| | - Monroe Turner
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Yuguang Zhao
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Dema Abdelkari
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Bart Rypma
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA,Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Stefano Tarantini
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA,International Training Program in Geroscience, Doctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine/Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary,Department of Health Promotion Sciences, College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
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4
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Epigenetic Modulation of Microglia Function and Phenotypes in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Neural Plast 2021; 2021:9912686. [PMID: 34194489 PMCID: PMC8181095 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9912686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia-mediated neuroinflammation is one of the most remarkable hallmarks of neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs), including AD, PD, and ALS. Accumulating evidence indicates that microglia play both neuroprotective and detrimental roles in the onset and progression of NDDs. Yet, the specific mechanisms of action surrounding microglia are not clear. Modulation of microglia function and phenotypes appears to be a potential strategy to reverse NDDs. Until recently, research into the epigenetic mechanisms of diseases has been gradually developed, making it possible to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the epigenetic regulation of microglia in NDDs. This review highlights the function and phenotypes of microglia, elucidates the relationship between microglia, epigenetic modifications, and NDDs, as well as the possible mechanisms underlying the epigenetic modulation of microglia in NDDs with a focus on potential intervention strategies.
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Verkhratsky A, Augusto-Oliveira M, Pivoriūnas A, Popov A, Brazhe A, Semyanov A. Astroglial asthenia and loss of function, rather than reactivity, contribute to the ageing of the brain. Pflugers Arch 2020; 473:753-774. [PMID: 32979108 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-020-02465-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Astroglia represent a class of heterogeneous, in form and function, cells known as astrocytes, which provide for homoeostasis and defence of the central nervous system (CNS). Ageing is associated with morphological and functional remodelling of astrocytes with a prevalence of morphological atrophy and loss of function. In particular, ageing is associated with (i) decrease in astroglial synaptic coverage, (ii) deficits in glutamate and potassium clearance, (iii) reduced astroglial synthesis of synaptogenic factors such as cholesterol, (iv) decrease in aquaporin 4 channels in astroglial endfeet with subsequent decline in the glymphatic clearance, (v) decrease in astroglial metabolic support through the lactate shuttle, (vi) dwindling adult neurogenesis resulting from diminished proliferative capacity of radial stem astrocytes, (vii) decline in the astroglial-vascular coupling and deficient blood-brain barrier and (viii) decrease in astroglial ability to mount reactive astrogliosis. Decrease in reactive capabilities of astroglia are associated with rise of age-dependent neurodegenerative diseases. Astroglial morphology and function can be influenced and improved by lifestyle interventions such as intellectual engagement, social interactions, physical exercise, caloric restriction and healthy diet. These modifications of lifestyle are paramount for cognitive longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexei Verkhratsky
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK. .,Achucarro Center for Neuroscience, IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48011, Bilbao, Spain. .,Department of Neurosciences, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU and CIBERNED, Leioa, Spain.
| | - Marcus Augusto-Oliveira
- Laboratório de Farmacologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, 66075-110, Brazil
| | - Augustas Pivoriūnas
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, LT-01102, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Alexander Popov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya street 16/10, Moscow, Russia, 117997
| | - Alexey Brazhe
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya street 16/10, Moscow, Russia, 117997.,Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | - Alexey Semyanov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya street 16/10, Moscow, Russia, 117997. .,Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia.
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6
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Zusso M, Barbierato M, Facci L, Skaper SD, Giusti P. Neuroepigenetics and Alzheimer's Disease: An Update. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 64:671-688. [PMID: 29991138 DOI: 10.3233/jad-180259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetics is the study of changes in gene expression which may be triggered by both genetic and environmental factors, and independent from changes to the underlying DNA sequence-a change in phenotype without a change in genotype-which in turn affects how cells read genes. Epigenetic changes represent a regular and natural occurrence but can be influenced also by factors such as age, environment, and disease state. Epigenetic modifications can manifest themselves not only as the manner in which cells terminally differentiate, but can have also deleterious effects, resulting in diseases such as cancer. At least three systems including DNA methylation, histone modification, and non-coding RNA (ncRNA)-associated gene silencing are thought to initiate and sustain epigenetic change. For example, in Alzheimer's disease (AD), both genetic and non-genetic factors contribute to disease etiopathology. While over 250 gene mutations have been related to familial AD, less than 5% of AD cases are explained by known disease genes. More than likely, non-genetic factors, probably triggered by environmental factors, are causative factors of late-onset AD. AD is associated with dysregulation of DNA methylation, histone modifications, and ncRNAs. Among the classes of ncRNA, microRNAs (miRNAs) have a well-established regulatory relevance. MicroRNAs are highly expressed in CNS neurons, where they play a major role in neuron differentiation, synaptogenesis, and plasticity. MicroRNAs impact higher cognitive functions, as their functional impairment is involved in the etiology of neurological diseases, including AD. Alterations in the miRNA network contribute to AD disease processes, e.g., in the regulation of amyloid peptides, tau, lipid metabolism, and neuroinflammation. MicroRNAs, both as biomarkers for AD and therapeutic targets, are in the early stages of exploration. In addition, emerging data suggest that altered transcription of long ncRNAs, endogenous, ncRNAs longer than 200 nucleotides, may be involved in an elevated risk for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morena Zusso
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, Largo Meneghetti, Padua, Italy
| | - Massimo Barbierato
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, Largo Meneghetti, Padua, Italy
| | - Laura Facci
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, Largo Meneghetti, Padua, Italy
| | - Stephen D Skaper
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, Largo Meneghetti, Padua, Italy
| | - Pietro Giusti
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, Largo Meneghetti, Padua, Italy
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7
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Du Y, Li W, Lin L, Lo EH, Xing C. Effects of lipocalin-2 on brain endothelial adhesion and permeability. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0218965. [PMID: 31269059 PMCID: PMC6608966 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipocalin-2 (LCN2) is a stress protein, and can be hyper-produced by many kinds of cells after exposure to injury or disease conditions. In this study, we asked whether LCN2 may play a protective role in cerebral endothelium. After focal cerebral ischemia in rats, plasma levels of LCN2 were significantly elevated at 6, 12, and 24 hrs, and persisted until 3 days post-stroke. To assess the vascular mechanisms of LCN2, we used brain endothelial cell cultures to investigate its effects on neutrophil adhesion and endothelial barrier integrity. LCN2 did not affect neutrophil adhesion to endothelial cells either under normal conditions or after TNFα stimulation. TNFα significantly increased endothelial permeability, and LCN2 rescued endothelial permeability. Concomitantly, LCN2 restored the membrane distribution of the tight junction protein ZO-1 and the adherens junction protein VE-cadherin. Our findings suggest that elevated LCN2 in the blood after ischemic stroke might affect endothelial function, in part by reducing damage to endothelial junctional proteins and maintain blood-brain barrier integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Du
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Wenlu Li
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Li Lin
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States of America
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Eng H. Lo
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail: (CX); (EHL)
| | - Changhong Xing
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail: (CX); (EHL)
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8
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Epigenetic Modulation on Tau Phosphorylation in Alzheimer's Disease. Neural Plast 2019; 2019:6856327. [PMID: 31093272 PMCID: PMC6481020 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6856327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tau hyperphosphorylation is a typical pathological change in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and is involved in the early onset and progression of AD. Epigenetic modification refers to heritable alterations in gene expression that are not caused by direct changes in the DNA sequence of the gene. Epigenetic modifications, such as noncoding RNA regulation, DNA methylation, and histone modification, can directly or indirectly affect the regulation of tau phosphorylation, thereby participating in AD development and progression. This review summarizes the current research progress on the mechanisms of epigenetic modification associated with tau phosphorylation.
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Barros L, Eichwald T, Solano AF, Scheffer D, da Silva RA, Gaspar JM, Latini A. Epigenetic modifications induced by exercise: Drug-free intervention to improve cognitive deficits associated with obesity. Physiol Behav 2019; 204:309-323. [PMID: 30876771 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2019.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Obesity and metabolic disorders are increasing worldwide and are associated with brain atrophy and dysfunction, which are risk factors for late-onset dementia and Alzheimer's disease. Epidemiological studies demonstrated that changes in lifestyle, including the frequent practice of physical exercise are able to prevent and treat not only obesity/metabolic disorders, but also to improve cognitive function and dementia. Several biochemical pathways and epigenetic mechanisms have been proposed to understand the beneficial effects of physical exercise on cognition. This manuscript revised central ongoing research on epigenetic mechanisms induced by exercise and the beneficial effects on obesity-associated cognitive decline, highlighting potential mechanistic mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Barros
- Laboratório de Bioenergética e Estresse Oxidativo (LABOX), Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Tuany Eichwald
- Laboratório de Bioenergética e Estresse Oxidativo (LABOX), Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Francisco Solano
- Laboratório de Bioenergética e Estresse Oxidativo (LABOX), Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Débora Scheffer
- Laboratório de Bioenergética e Estresse Oxidativo (LABOX), Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Augusto da Silva
- Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Laboratório de Bioensaios e Dinâmica Celular, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Instituto de Biociências, Campus Botucatu, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Joana M Gaspar
- Laboratório de Bioenergética e Estresse Oxidativo (LABOX), Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica, UFSC, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Alexandra Latini
- Laboratório de Bioenergética e Estresse Oxidativo (LABOX), Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Brazil.
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Ng TKS, Ho CSH, Tam WWS, Kua EH, Ho RCM. Decreased Serum Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) Levels in Patients with Alzheimer's Disease (AD): A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20020257. [PMID: 30634650 PMCID: PMC6358753 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20020257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Findings from previous studies reporting the levels of serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) have been conflicting. Hence, we performed a meta-analysis to examine the aggregate levels of serum BDNF in patients with AD and individuals with MCI, in comparison with healthy controls. Fifteen studies were included for the comparison between AD and healthy control (HC) (n = 2067). Serum BDNF levels were significantly lower in patients with AD (SMD: -0.282; 95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.535 to -0.028; significant heterogeneity: I² = 83.962). Meta-regression identified age (p < 0.001) and MMSE scores (p < 0.001) to be the significant moderators that could explain the heterogeneity in findings in these studies. Additionally, there were no significant differences in serum BDNF levels between patients with AD and MCI (eight studies, n = 906) and between MCI and HC (nine studies, n = 5090). In all, patients with AD, but not MCI, have significantly lower serum BDNF levels compared to healthy controls. This meta-analysis confirmed the direction of change in serum BDNF levels in dementia. This finding suggests that a significant change in peripheral BDNF levels can only be detected at the late stage of the dementia spectrum. Molecular mechanisms, implications on interventional trials, and future directions for studies examining BDNF in dementia were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ted Kheng Siang Ng
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore.
| | - Cyrus Su Hui Ho
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore.
- Department of Psychological Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore 119074, Singapore.
| | - Wilson Wai San Tam
- Alice Lee School of Nursing, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore.
| | - Ee Heok Kua
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore.
- Department of Psychological Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore 119074, Singapore.
| | - Roger Chun-Man Ho
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore.
- Department of Psychological Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore 119074, Singapore.
- Biomedical Global Institute of Healthcare Research & Technology (BIGHEART), National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore.
- Center of Excellence in Behavioral Medicine, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City 70000, Vietnam.
- Faculty of Education, Huaibei Normal University, 100 Dongshan Road, Huaibei 235000, Anhui, China.
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Abstract
All people want to age "successfully," maintaining functional capacity and quality of life as they reach advanced age. Achieving this goal depends on preserving optimal cognitive and brain functioning. Yet, significant individual differences exist in this regard. Some older adults continue to retain most cognitive abilities throughout their lifetime. Others experience declines in cognitive and functional capacity that range from mild decrements in certain cognitive functions over time to severe dementia among those with neurodegenerative diseases. Even among relatively healthy "successful agers," certain cognitive functions are reduced from earlier levels. This is particularly true for cognitive functions that are dependent on cognitive processing speed and efficiency. Working memory and executive and attentional functions tend to be most vulnerable. Learning and memory functions are also usually reduced, although in the absence of neurodegenerative disease learning and retrieval efficiency rather than memory storage are affected. Other functions, such as visual perception, language, semantics, and knowledge, are often well preserved. Structural, functional, and physiologic/metabolic brain changes correspond with age-associated cognitive decline. Physiologic and metabolic mechanisms, such as oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, may contribute to these changes, along with the contribution of comorbidities that secondarily affect the brain of older adults. Cognitive frailty often corresponds with physical frailty, both affected by multiple exogenous and endogenous factors. Neuropsychologic assessment provides a way of measuring the cognitive and functional status of older adults, which is useful for monitoring changes that may be occurring. Neuroimaging is also useful for characterizing age-associated structural, functional, physiologic, and metabolic brain changes, including alterations in cerebral blood flow and metabolite concentrations. Some interventions that may enhance cognitive function, such as cognitive training, neuromodulation, and pharmacologic approaches, exist or are being developed. Yet, preventing, slowing, and reversing the adverse effects of cognitive aging remains a challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald A Cohen
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States; Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.
| | - Michael M Marsiske
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States; Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Glenn E Smith
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States; Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
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Ihara K, Fuchikami M, Hashizume M, Okada S, Kawai H, Obuchi S, Hirano H, Fujiwara Y, Hachisu M, Hongyong K, Morinobu S. The influence of aging on the methylation status of brain-derived neurotrophic factor gene in blood. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2018; 33:1312-1318. [PMID: 29953671 DOI: 10.1002/gps.4927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is involved in the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders in adults and elderly individuals, and as a result, the DNA methylation (DNAm) of the BDNF gene in peripheral tissues including blood has been extensively examined to develop a useful biomarker for psychiatric disorders. However, studies to date have not previously investigated the effect of age on DNAm of the BDNF gene in blood. In this context, we measured DNAm of 39 CpG units in the CpG island at the promoter of exon I of the BDNF gene. METHODS We analyzed genomic DNA from peripheral blood of 105 health Japanese women 20 to 80 years of age to identify aging-associated change in DNAm of the BDNF gene. In addition, we examined the relationship between total MMSE scores, numbers of stressful life events, and serum BDNF levels on DNAm of the BDNF gene. The DNAm rate at each CpG unit was measured using a MassArray® system (Agena Bioscience), and serum BDNF levels were measured by ELISA. RESULTS There was a significant correlation between DNAm and age in 13 CpGs. However, there was no significant correlation between DNAm and total MMSE scores, numbers of life events, or serum BDNF levels. CONCLUSION Despite the small number of subjects and the inclusion of only female subjects, our results suggest that DNAm of 13 CpGs of the BDNF gene may be an appropriate biomarker for aging and useful for predicting increased susceptibility to age-related psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazushige Ihara
- Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Social Medicine, Aomori, Japan
| | | | - Masahiro Hashizume
- Toho University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Okada
- Hiroshima University, Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Division of Frontier Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hisashi Kawai
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Human Care Research Team, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuichi Obuchi
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Human Care Research Team, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirohiko Hirano
- Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital, Department of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Fujiwara
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Research Team for Social Participation and Community Health, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsugu Hachisu
- Showa University, Department of Pharmaceutical therapeutics, Division of Clinical Pharmacy, Pharmacy School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kim Hongyong
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Research Team for Promoting Independence of the Elderly, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeru Morinobu
- Kochi University, Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kochi Medical School, Nankoku, Japan.,Kibi International University, Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Health Science and Social Welfare, Takahashi, Japan
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13
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Gomez-Pinilla F, Yang X. System biology approach intersecting diet and cell metabolism with pathogenesis of brain disorders. Prog Neurobiol 2018; 169:76-90. [PMID: 30059718 PMCID: PMC6231047 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The surge in meals high in calories has prompted an epidemic of metabolic disorders around the world such that the elevated incidence of obese and diabetic individuals is alarming. New research indicates that metabolic disorders pose a risk for neurological and psychiatric conditions including stroke, Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease, and depression, all of which have a metabolic component. These relationships are rooted to a dysfunctional interaction between molecular processes that regulate energy metabolism and synaptic plasticity. The strong adaptive force of dietary factors on shaping the brain during evolution can be manipulated to transform the interaction between cell bioenergetics and epigenome with the aptitude to promote long-lasting brain healthiness. A thorough understanding of the association between the broad action of nutrients and brain fitness requires high level data processing empowered with the capacity to integrate information from a multitude of molecular entities and pathways. Nutritional systems biology is emerging as a viable approach to elucidate the multiple molecular layers involved in information processing in cells, tissues, and organ systems in response to diet. Information about the wide range of cellular and molecular interactions elicited by foods on the brain and cognitive plasticity is crucial for the design of public health initiatives for curtailing the epidemic of metabolic and brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Gomez-Pinilla
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, UCLA Brain Injury Research Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
| | - Xia Yang
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
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14
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Domínguez-González M, Puigpinós M, Jové M, Naudi A, Portero-Otín M, Pamplona R, Ferrer I. Regional vulnerability to lipoxidative damage and inflammation in normal human brain aging. Exp Gerontol 2018; 111:218-228. [PMID: 30077575 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2018.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative damage and inflammation coexist in healthy human brain aging. The present study analyzes levels of protein adduction by lipid peroxidation (LP) end-products neuroketal (NKT) and malondialdehyde (MDA), as markers of protein oxidative damage, cycloxygenase-2 (COX-2) levels, as a marker of inflammation, and cytochrome P450 2J2 (CYP2J2), responsible of generation of neuroprotective products, in twelve brain regions in normal middle-aged individuals (MA) and old-aged (OA) individuals. In addition, levels of these markers were evaluated as a function of age as a continuous variable and correction for multiple comparisons. Selection of regions was based on their different vulnerability to prevalent neurodegenerative diseases in aging. Our findings show region-dependent LP end-products, COX-2 and CYP2J2 changes in the aging human brain. However, no clear relationship can be established between NKT, MDA, COX-2 and CYP2J2 levels, and regional vulnerability to neurodegeneration in old age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayelín Domínguez-González
- Institute of Neuropathology, Bellvitge University Hospital, Biomedical Research Institute of Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Meritxell Puigpinós
- Institute of Neuropathology, Bellvitge University Hospital, Biomedical Research Institute of Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Mariona Jové
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Lleida, Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida, UdL-IRBLLeida, 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - Alba Naudi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Lleida, Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida, UdL-IRBLLeida, 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - Manuel Portero-Otín
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Lleida, Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida, UdL-IRBLLeida, 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - Reinald Pamplona
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Lleida, Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida, UdL-IRBLLeida, 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - Isidro Ferrer
- Institute of Neuropathology, Bellvitge University Hospital, Biomedical Research Institute of Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Barcelona, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; Biomedical Research Network Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Institute Carlos III, Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, Madrid, Spain; Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain.
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15
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Abstract
Gene expression in the aging brain depends on transcription signals generated by senescent physiology, interacting with genetic and epigenetic programs. In turn, environmental factors influence epigenetic mechanisms, such that an epigenetic-environmental link may contribute to the accumulation of cellular damage, susceptibility or resilience to stressors, and variability in the trajectory of age-related cognitive decline. Epigenetic mechanisms, DNA methylation and histone modifications, alter chromatin structure and the accessibility of DNA. Furthermore, small non-coding RNA, termed microRNA (miRNA) bind to messenger RNA (mRNA) to regulate translation. In this review, we examine key questions concerning epigenetic mechanisms in regulating the expression of genes associated with brain aging and age-related cognitive decline. In addition, we highlight the interaction of epigenetics with senescent physiology and environmental factors in regulating transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolie D Barter
- 1 Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Thomas C Foster
- 1 Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,2 Genetics and Genomics Program, Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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16
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Hadad N, Unnikrishnan A, Jackson JA, Masser DR, Otalora L, Stanford DR, Richardson A, Freeman WM. Caloric restriction mitigates age-associated hippocampal differential CG and non-CG methylation. Neurobiol Aging 2018; 67:53-66. [PMID: 29631215 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2018.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Brain aging is marked by cognitive decline and susceptibility to neurodegeneration. Calorie restriction (CR) increases neurogenesis, improves memory function, and protects from age-associated neurological disorders. Epigenetic mechanisms, including DNA methylation, are vital to normal central nervous system cellular and memory functions and are dysregulated with aging. The beneficial effects of CR have been proposed to work through epigenetic processes, but this is largely unexplored. We therefore tested whether life long CR prevents age-related hippocampal DNA methylation changes. Hippocampal DNA from young (3 months) and old (24 months) male mice fed ad libitum and 24-month-old mice fed a 40% calorie-restricted diet from 3 months of age were examined by genome-wide bisulfite sequencing to measure methylation with base specificity. Over 27 million CG and CH (non-CG) sites were examined. Of the ∼40,000 differentially methylated CG and ∼80,000 CH sites with aging, >1/3 were prevented by CR and were found across genomic regulatory regions and gene pathways. CR also caused alterations to CG and CH methylation at sites not differentially methylated with aging, and these CR-specific changes demonstrated a different pattern of regulatory element and gene pathway enrichment than those affected by aging. CR-specific DNA methyltransferase 1 and Tet methylcytosine dioxygenase 3 promoter hypermethylation corresponded to reduced gene expression. These findings demonstrate that CR attenuates age-related CG and CH hippocampal methylation changes, in combination with CR-specific methylation that may also contribute to the neuroprotective effects of CR. The prevention of age-related methylation alterations is also consistent with the prolongevity effects of CR working through an epigenetic mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niran Hadad
- Oklahoma Center for Neuroscience, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Oklahoma Nathan Shock Center for Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Archana Unnikrishnan
- Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Oklahoma Nathan Shock Center for Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Jordan A Jackson
- Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Oklahoma Nathan Shock Center for Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Dustin R Masser
- Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Laura Otalora
- Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Oklahoma Nathan Shock Center for Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - David R Stanford
- Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Oklahoma Nathan Shock Center for Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Arlan Richardson
- Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Oklahoma City VA Medical Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Oklahoma Nathan Shock Center for Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Willard M Freeman
- Oklahoma Center for Neuroscience, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Oklahoma Nathan Shock Center for Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
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17
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Shirata T, Suzuki A, Matsumoto Y, Takahashi N, Noto K, Goto K, Otani K. Relation of high neuroticism with increased methylation of the BDNF gene. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2018; 14:1787-1793. [PMID: 30022827 PMCID: PMC6042484 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s169787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a neurotrophin that has an important function in neuroplasticity and neuronal development. It is suggested that increased methylation of the BDNF gene resulting in decreased BDNF activity is associated with depression. Meanwhile, neuroticism is a well-known risk factor for developing depression. In the present study, the relationship between methylation of the BDNF gene and personality traits including neuroticism was examined. SUBJECTS AND METHODS The subjects were 98 healthy Japanese. Methylation levels of the BDNF gene were determined by the bisulfite-pyrosequencing method. Personality traits including neuroticism were assessed by the NEO Personality Inventory-Revised. RESULTS There was a positive correlation between neuroticism scores and methylation levels of the BDNF gene. The subjects with higher neuroticism scores had higher levels of BDNF gene methylation compared with those with lower neuroticism scores. Meanwhile, other personality traits were not associated with BDNF gene methylation. CONCLUSION The present study suggests that high neuroticism is related to increased methylation of the BDNF gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshinori Shirata
- Department of Psychiatry, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan,
| | - Akihito Suzuki
- Department of Psychiatry, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan,
| | - Yoshihiko Matsumoto
- Department of Psychiatry, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan,
| | - Nana Takahashi
- Department of Psychiatry, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan,
| | - Keisuke Noto
- Department of Psychiatry, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan,
| | - Kaoru Goto
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Koichi Otani
- Department of Psychiatry, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan,
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18
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Caligiuri SPB, Parikh M, Stamenkovic A, Pierce GN, Aukema HM. Dietary modulation of oxylipins in cardiovascular disease and aging. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2017; 313:H903-H918. [PMID: 28801523 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00201.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Oxylipins are a group of fatty acid metabolites generated via oxygenation of polyunsaturated fatty acids and are involved in processes such as inflammation, immunity, pain, vascular tone, and coagulation. As a result, oxylipins have been implicated in many conditions characterized by these processes, including cardiovascular disease and aging. The best characterized oxylipins in relation to cardiovascular disease are derived from the ω-6 fatty acid arachidonic acid. These oxylipins generally increase inflammation, hypertension, and platelet aggregation, although not universally. Similarly, oxylipins derived from the ω-6 fatty acid linoleic acid generally have more adverse than beneficial cardiovascular effects. Alternatively, most oxylipins derived from 20- and 22-carbon ω-3 fatty acids have anti-inflammatory, antiaggregatory, and vasodilatory effects that help explain the cardioprotective effects of these fatty acids. Much less is known regarding the oxylipins derived from the 18-carbon ω-3 fatty acid α-linolenic acid, but clinical trials with flaxseed supplementation have indicated that these oxylipins can have positive effects on blood pressure. Normal aging also is associated with changes in oxylipin levels in the brain, vasculature, and other tissues, indicating that oxylipin changes with aging may be involved in age-related changes in these tissues. A small number of trials in humans and animals with interventions that contain either 18-carbon or 20- and 22-carbon ω-3 fatty acids have indicated that dietary-induced changes in oxylipins may be beneficial in slowing the changes associated with normal aging. In summary, oxylipins are an important group of molecules amenable to dietary manipulation to target cardiovascular disease and age-related degeneration.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Oxylipins are an important group of fatty acid metabolites amenable to dietary manipulation. Because of the role they play in cardiovascular disease and in age-related degeneration, oxylipins are gaining recognition as viable targets for specific dietary interventions focused on manipulating oxylipin composition to control these biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie P B Caligiuri
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Mihir Parikh
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Aleksandra Stamenkovic
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Grant N Pierce
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Harold M Aukema
- Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; and .,Canadian Centre for Agri-food Research in Health and Medicine, Albrechtsen Research Centre, St. Boniface Hospital, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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19
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Rancán L, Paredes SD, García I, Muñoz P, García C, López de Hontanar G, de la Fuente M, Vara E, Tresguerres JAF. Protective effect of xanthohumol against age-related brain damage. J Nutr Biochem 2017; 49:133-140. [PMID: 28950154 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2017.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
It has been recently shown that xanthohumol, a flavonoid present in hops, possesses antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and chemopreventive properties. However, its role in the aging brain has not been addressed so far. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the possible neuroprotective activity of xanthohumol against age-related inflammatory and apoptotic brain damage in male senescence-accelerated prone mice (SAMP8). Animals were divided into 4 groups: Untreated young mice, untreated old mice and old mice treated either with 1 mg kg-1 day-1 or 5 mg kg-1 day-1 xanthohumol. Young and old senescence accelerated resistant mice (SAMR1) were used as controls. After 30 days of treatment, animals were sacrificed and their brains were collected and immediately frozen in liquid nitrogen. mRNA (GFAP, TNF-α, IL-1β, AIF, BAD, BAX, XIAP, NAIP and Bcl-2) and protein (GFAP, TNF-α, IL-1β, AIF, BAD, BAX, BDNF, synaptophysin and synapsin) expressions were measured by RT-PCR and Western blotting, respectively. Significant increased levels of pro-inflammatory (TNF-α, IL-1β) and pro-apoptotic (AIF, BAD, BAX) markers were observed in both SAMP8 and SAMR1 old mice compared to young animals (P<.05) and also in SAMP8 untreated old mice compared to SAMR1 (P<.05). These alterations were significantly less evident in animals treated with both doses of xanthohumol (P<.05). Also, a reduced expression of synaptic markers was observed in old mice compared to young ones (P<.05) but it significantly recovered with 5 mg kg-1 day-1 xanthohumol treatment (P<.05). In conclusion, xanthohumol treatment modulated the inflammation and apoptosis of aged brains, exerting a protective effect on damage induced by aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Rancán
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology III, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Sergio D Paredes
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Irene García
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology III, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Pedro Muñoz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology III, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Cruz García
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology III, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Guzmán López de Hontanar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology III, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Mónica de la Fuente
- Department of Physiology (Animal Physiology II), School of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Elena Vara
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology III, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Jesús A F Tresguerres
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
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20
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Retraction. J Neurochem 2017; 140:980. [PMID: 28261875 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Retraction: "Aging is associated with altered inflammatory, arachidonic acid cascade, and synaptic markers, influenced by epigenetic modifications, in the human frontal cortex" by Keleshian VL, Modi HR, Rapoport SI, Rao JS. The above article from Journal of Neurochemistry, published online on 17 February 2013 in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com) and in volume 121, issue 1, pp. 63-73, has been retracted by agreement between the corresponding author Stanley Rapoport, the Journal's Editor-in-Chief, Jörg Schulz, and John Wiley & Sons Ltd. The Editorial Office was contacted by the author Stanley Rapoport with the request to retract this and a related publication (see below), informing the Editor-in-Chief that the National Institutes of Health (NIH) had found Dr. Jagadeesh S. Rao guilty of research misconduct by falsifying data in the referenced paper. The Editorial Office was forwarded a letter, signed by investigation committee members on behalf of NIH and NIA, which states: "[…] The National Institutes of Health (NIH) investigated allegations of research misconduct involving the falsification of data in "Aging is associated with altered inflammatory, arachidonic acid cascade, and synaptic markers, influenced by epigenetic modifications, in the human frontal cortex." Keleshian VL, Modi HR, Rapoport SI, Rao JS. Journal of Neurochemistry 2013 Apr; 125(1): 63-73. Based on the unanimous decision of a five member committee, composed of NIH investigators, NIH found that Dr. Jagadeesh Rao, corresponding author, knowingly and intentionally committed research misconduct by falsifying data in Figures 1A, 1G, 3G, and 4D in the manuscript(s) listed above. Dr. Rao was solely responsible for the falsification and all other authors were uninvolved. The report was submitted to the HHS Office of Research Integrity for its review. Because Dr. Rao was the corresponding author, Dr. Stanley I. Rapoport, Senior Advisor for the former Laboratory of Brain Physiology and Metabolism Section, is acting for Dr. Rao, who was his representative, and approves this request to retract this publication using the recommended language, in italics above." A related paper has also been retracted: Rao JS, Ertley RN, Rapoport SI, Bazinet RP, Lee HJ. (2007) Chronic NMDA administration to rats up-regulates frontal cortex cytosolic phospholipase A2 and its transcription factor, activator protein-2. J. Neurochem. 102: 1918-1927. References Keleshian V. L., Modi H. R., Rapoport S. I. and Rao J. S. (2013) Aging is associated with altered inflammatory, arachidonic acid cascade, and synaptic markers, influenced by epigenetic modifications, in the human frontal cortex. J. Neurochem. 125, 63-73. Rao J. S., Ertley R. N., Rapoport S. I., Bazinet R. P. and Lee H. J. (2007) Chronic NMDA administration to rats up-regulates frontal cortex cytosolic phospholipase A2 and its transcription factor, activator protein-2. J. Neurochem. 102, 1918-1927.
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Toth P, Tarantini S, Csiszar A, Ungvari Z. Functional vascular contributions to cognitive impairment and dementia: mechanisms and consequences of cerebral autoregulatory dysfunction, endothelial impairment, and neurovascular uncoupling in aging. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2017; 312:H1-H20. [PMID: 27793855 PMCID: PMC5283909 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00581.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 319] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Revised: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence from epidemiological, clinical and experimental studies indicate that age-related cerebromicrovascular dysfunction and microcirculatory damage play critical roles in the pathogenesis of many types of dementia in the elderly, including Alzheimer's disease. Understanding and targeting the age-related pathophysiological mechanisms that underlie vascular contributions to cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID) are expected to have a major role in preserving brain health in older individuals. Maintenance of cerebral perfusion, protecting the microcirculation from high pressure-induced damage and moment-to-moment adjustment of regional oxygen and nutrient supply to changes in demand are prerequisites for the prevention of cerebral ischemia and neuronal dysfunction. This overview discusses age-related alterations in three main regulatory paradigms involved in the regulation of cerebral blood flow (CBF): cerebral autoregulation/myogenic constriction, endothelium-dependent vasomotor function, and neurovascular coupling responses responsible for functional hyperemia. The pathophysiological consequences of cerebral microvascular dysregulation in aging are explored, including blood-brain barrier disruption, neuroinflammation, exacerbation of neurodegeneration, development of cerebral microhemorrhages, microvascular rarefaction, and ischemic neuronal dysfunction and damage. Due to the widespread attention that VCID has captured in recent years, the evidence for the causal role of cerebral microvascular dysregulation in cognitive decline is critically examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Toth
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
- Department of Neurosurgery and Szentagothai Research Center, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary; and
| | - Stefano Tarantini
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Anna Csiszar
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
- Department of Medical Physics and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zoltan Ungvari
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma;
- Department of Medical Physics and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
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Tarantini S, Tran CHT, Gordon GR, Ungvari Z, Csiszar A. Impaired neurovascular coupling in aging and Alzheimer's disease: Contribution of astrocyte dysfunction and endothelial impairment to cognitive decline. Exp Gerontol 2016; 94:52-58. [PMID: 27845201 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2016.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 274] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The importance of (micro)vascular contributions to cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID) in aging cannot be overemphasized, and the pathogenesis and prevention of age-related cerebromicrovascular pathologies are a subject of intensive research. In particular, aging impairs the increase in cerebral blood flow triggered by neural activation (termed neurovascular coupling or functional hyperemia), a critical mechanism that matches oxygen and nutrient delivery with the increased demands in active brain regions. From epidemiological, clinical and experimental studies the picture emerges of a complex functional impairment of cerebral microvessels and astrocytes, which likely contribute to neurovascular dysfunction and cognitive decline in aging and in age-related neurodegenerative diseases. This overview discusses age-related alterations in neurovascular coupling responses responsible for impaired functional hyperemia. The mechanisms and consequences of astrocyte dysfunction (including potential alteration of astrocytic endfeet calcium signaling, dysregulation of eicosanoid gliotransmitters and astrocyte energetics) and functional impairment of the microvascular endothelium are explored. Age-related mechanisms (cellular oxidative stress, senescence, circulating IGF-1 deficiency) impairing the function of cells of the neurovascular unit are discussed and the evidence for the causal role of neurovascular uncoupling in cognitive decline is critically examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Tarantini
- Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Cam Ha T Tran
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Grant R Gordon
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Zoltan Ungvari
- Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Anna Csiszar
- Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
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The human BDNF gene: peripheral gene expression and protein levels as biomarkers for psychiatric disorders. Transl Psychiatry 2016; 6:e958. [PMID: 27874848 PMCID: PMC5314126 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2016.214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Revised: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) regulates the survival and growth of neurons, and influences synaptic efficiency and plasticity. The human BDNF gene consists of 11 exons, and distinct BDNF transcripts are produced through the use of alternative promoters and splicing events. The majority of the BDNF transcripts can be detected not only in the brain but also in the blood cells, although no study has yet investigated the differential expression of BDNF transcripts at the peripheral level. This review provides a description of the human BDNF gene structure as well as a summary of clinical and preclinical evidence supporting the role of BDNF in the pathogenesis of psychiatric disorders. We will discuss several mechanisms as possibly underlying BDNF modulation, including epigenetic mechanisms. We will also discuss the potential use of peripheral BDNF as a biomarker for psychiatric disorders, focusing on the factors that can influence BDNF gene expression and protein levels. Within this context, we have also characterized, for we believe the first time, the expression of BDNF transcripts in the blood, with the aim to provide novel insights into the molecular mechanisms and signaling that may regulate peripheral BDNF gene expression levels.
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Barger SW. Gene regulation and genetics in neurochemistry, past to future. J Neurochem 2016; 139 Suppl 2:24-57. [PMID: 27747882 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2015] [Revised: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Ask any neuroscientist to name the most profound discoveries in the field in the past 60 years, and at or near the top of the list will be a phenomenon or technique related to genes and their expression. Indeed, our understanding of genetics and gene regulation has ushered in whole new systems of knowledge and new empirical approaches, many of which could not have even been imagined prior to the molecular biology boon of recent decades. Neurochemistry, in the classic sense, intersects with these concepts in the manifestation of neuropeptides, obviously dependent upon the central dogma (the established rules by which DNA sequence is eventually converted into protein primary structure) not only for their conformation but also for their levels and locales of expression. But, expanding these considerations to non-peptide neurotransmitters illustrates how gene regulatory events impact neurochemistry in a much broader sense, extending beyond the neurochemicals that translate electrical signals into chemical ones in the synapse, to also include every aspect of neural development, structure, function, and pathology. From the beginning, the mutability - yet relative stability - of genes and their expression patterns were recognized as potential substrates for some of the most intriguing phenomena in neurobiology - those instances of plasticity required for learning and memory. Near-heretical speculation was offered in the idea that perhaps the very sequence of the genome was altered to encode memories. A fascinating component of the intervening progress includes evidence that the central dogma is not nearly as rigid and consistent as we once thought. And this mutability extends to the potential to manipulate that code for both experimental and clinical purposes. Astonishing progress has been made in the molecular biology of neurochemistry during the 60 years since this journal debuted. Many of the gains in conceptual understanding have been driven by methodological progress, from automated high-throughput sequencing instruments to recombinant-DNA vectors that can convey color-coded genetic modifications in the chromosomes of live adult animals. This review covers the highlights of these advances, both theoretical and technological, along with a brief window into the promising science ahead. This article is part of the 60th Anniversary special issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven W Barger
- Department of Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology and Developmental Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA. .,Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA.
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Li X, Bao X, Wang R. Neurogenesis-based epigenetic therapeutics for Alzheimer's disease (Review). Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:1043-53. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Leishman E, Mackie K, Luquet S, Bradshaw HB. Lipidomics profile of a NAPE-PLD KO mouse provides evidence of a broader role of this enzyme in lipid metabolism in the brain. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2016; 1861:491-500. [PMID: 26956082 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2016.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Revised: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A leading hypothesis of N-acyl ethanolamine (NAE) biosynthesis, including the endogenous cannabinoid anandamide (AEA), is that it depends on hydrolysis of N-acyl-phosphatidylethanolamines (NAPE) by a NAPE-specific phospholipase D (NAPE-PLD). Thus, deletion of NAPE-PLD should attenuate NAE levels. Previous analyses of two different NAPE-PLD knockout (KO) strains produced contradictory data on the importance of NAPE-PLD to AEA biosynthesis. Here, we examine this hypothesis with a strain of NAPE-PLD KO mice whose lipidome is uncharacterized. Using HPLC/MS/MS, over 70 lipids, including the AEA metabolite, N-arachidonoyl glycine (NAGly), the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonyl glycerol (2-AG) and prostaglandins (PGE(2) and PGF(2α)), and over 60 lipoamines were analyzed in 8 brain regions of KO and wild-type (WT) mice. Lipidomics analysis of this third NAPE-PLD KO strain shows a broad range of lipids that were differentially affected by lipid species and brain region. Importantly, all 6 NAEs measured were significantly reduced, though the magnitude of the effect varied by fatty acid saturation length and brain region. 2-AG levels were only impacted in the brainstem, where levels were significantly increased in KO mice. Correspondingly, levels of arachidonic acid were significantly decreased exclusively in brainstem. NAGly levels were significantly increased in 4 brain regions and levels of PGE(2) increased in 6 of 8 brain regions in KO mice. These data indicate that deletion of NAPE-PLD has far broader effects on the lipidome than previously recognized. Therefore, behavioral characteristics of suppressing NAPE-PLD activity may be due to a myriad of effects on lipids and not simply due to reduced AEA biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Leishman
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Ken Mackie
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA; Gill Center for Biomolecular Neuroscience, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Serge Luquet
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, CNRS UMR 8251, F-75205 Paris, France
| | - Heather B Bradshaw
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA.
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Morphometric analysis of the age-related changes of synaptophysin immunoreactivity in the human parahippocampal region. J ANAT SOC INDIA 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jasi.2015.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Guo YR, Hsu YH, Liang A, Lu WJ, Wu CH, Lee HC, Huang SY. n-3 Polyunsaturated fatty acids ameliorate cognitive age-related impairments and depressive behaviour in unchallenged aged prediabetic rats. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.09.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
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Ma W, Zhou X, Ji H, Luo M, Liu G, Li J, Wang Q, Duan S. Population difference in the association of BDNF promoter methylation with mild cognitive impairment in the Xinjiang Uygur and Han populations. Psychiatry Res 2015; 229:926-32. [PMID: 26292618 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2015.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Revised: 06/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a clinical transitional stage between normal aging and Alzheimer disease, which leads to memory loss and a reduction in cognitive function. Brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plays an important role in neuronal development and plasticity. The aim of this study was to explore the association between BDNF promoter methylation and MCI in the Xinjiang Uygur and Han populations. METHODS A DNA methylation assay using bisulfite pyrosequencing technology was performed on 96 Uygur and 96 Han Chinese individuals from Xinjiang province, China. RESULTS We found a significantly higher BDNF methylation level in Han MCI cases than in Uygur MCI cases in males from Xinjiang province (p=0.022). In addition, the methylation level was significantly higher in Xinjiang Han healthy Chinese individuals (Northwestern China) than in Ningbo Han healthy Chinese individuals (Southeastern China) (Female and Male: p=1.17E-05; Female: p=0.020; Male: p=1.37E-04). But our results showed no significant association of BDNF methylation with MCI in either the Uygur or Han Chinese populations (p>0.05). Further gender-based subgroup analyses did not find any significant results (p>0.05). CONCLUSION Our results indicate that different levels of BDNF methylation may be present in different populations and environments. This study also provides further information regarding the relationship between BDNF methylation levels and MCI in Xinjiang Uygur and Han ethnic groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Ma
- Department of Internal Medicine for Cadres, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumchi 830000, China
| | - Xiaohui Zhou
- Department of Internal Medicine for Cadres, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumchi 830000, China.
| | - Huihui Ji
- Ningbo Key Lab of Behavior Neuroscience, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Mei Luo
- Department of Internal Medicine for Cadres, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumchi 830000, China
| | - Guili Liu
- Ningbo Key Lab of Behavior Neuroscience, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Jinyun Li
- Ningbo Key Lab of Behavior Neuroscience, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Qinwen Wang
- Ningbo Key Lab of Behavior Neuroscience, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China.
| | - Shiwei Duan
- Ningbo Key Lab of Behavior Neuroscience, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China.
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McKinney BC, Lin CW, Oh H, Tseng GC, Lewis DA, Sibille E. Hypermethylation of BDNF and SST Genes in the Orbital Frontal Cortex of Older Individuals: A Putative Mechanism for Declining Gene Expression with Age. Neuropsychopharmacology 2015; 40:2604-13. [PMID: 25881116 PMCID: PMC4569950 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2015.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Revised: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and somatostatin (SST) mRNAs in the brain decreases progressively and robustly with age, and lower BDNF and SST expression in the brain has been observed in many brain disorders. BDNF is known to regulate SST expression; however, the mechanisms underlying decreased expression of both genes are not understood. DNA methylation (DNAm) is an attractive candidate mechanism. To investigate the contribution of DNAm to the age-related decline in BDNF and SST expression, the Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation450 Beadchip Array was used to quantify DNAm of BDNF (26 CpG loci) and SST (9 CpG loci) in the orbital frontal cortices of postmortem brains from 22 younger (age <42 years) and 22 older individuals (age >60 years) with known age-dependent BDNF and SST expression differences. Relative to the younger individuals, 10 of the 26 CpG loci in BDNF and 8 of the 9 CpG loci in SST were significantly hypermethylated in the older individuals. DNAm in BDNF exons/promoters I, II, and IV negatively correlated with BDNF expression (r=-0.37, p<0.05; r=-0.40, p<0.05; r=-0.24, p=0.07), and DNAm in SST 5' UTR and first exon/intron negatively correlated with SST expression (r=-0.48, p<0.01; r=-0.63, p<0.001), respectively. An expanded set of BDNF- and GABA-related genes exhibited similar age-related changes in DNAm and correlation with gene expression. These results suggest that DNAm may be a proximal mechanism for decreased expression of BDNF, SST, and other BDNF- and GABA-related genes with brain aging and, by extension, for brain disorders in which their expression is decreased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon C McKinney
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Chien-Wei Lin
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Hyunjung Oh
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, PA, USA,Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - George C Tseng
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - David A Lewis
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, PA, USA,Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Etienne Sibille
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, PA, USA,Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA,Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute of CAMH, Departments of Psychiatry, Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada,Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), 250 College Street, Room 134, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada, Tel: +1 416 535 8501, ext 36571, E-mail:
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Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-related progressive dementia, which is increasing in prevalence world-wide. Typically affecting short-term memory at onset, this devastating illness advances to impair all aspects of cognition, as well as non-cognitive domains. Although much effort has been made in recent years to develop disease-modifying treatments, medications which provided promising results in pre-clinical research have so far faltered in human clinical trials. Attention has recently shifted into trying to identify preventative measures that may delay the onset of the illness. Preventative factors include physical activity, proper diet, cognitive stimulation and the management of conditions such as hypertension, diabetes and obesity. However, it remains imperative to identify approaches that may help patients already diagnosed with the illness. Alongside pharmacological research, much work has been done on uncovering strategies which may slow down the progression of AD. This review aims to summarize evidence supporting or refuting methods impacting on the progression of the disease. AD remains a chronic and serious condition, therefore any intervention delaying the onset of moderate/severe symptoms will have a significant impact on patients and their families.
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Furukawa T, Matsui N, Fujita K, Nodera H, Shimizu F, Miyamoto K, Takahashi Y, Kanda T, Kusunoki S, Izumi Y, Kaji R. CSF cytokine profile distinguishes multifocal motor neuropathy from progressive muscular atrophy. NEUROLOGY-NEUROIMMUNOLOGY & NEUROINFLAMMATION 2015; 2:e138. [PMID: 26280014 PMCID: PMC4529282 DOI: 10.1212/nxi.0000000000000138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Objective: We aimed to compare the cytokine and chemokine profiles of patients with multifocal motor neuropathy (MMN) with those of patients with progressive muscular atrophy (PMA) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) to investigate immunologic differences in the CNS. Methods: CSF from 12 patients with MMN, 8 with PMA, 26 with sporadic ALS, and 10 with other noninflammatory neurologic disorders was analyzed for 27 cytokines and chemokines using the multiplex bead array assay. Cytokine titers of the 4 groups were compared, and correlations between the titers of relevant cytokines and clinical parameters were evaluated. Results: There were no obvious intrathecal changes except for interleukin (IL)-1 receptor antagonist in patients with MMN. In contrast, IL-4, IL-7, IL-17, eotaxin/CCL11, fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2), granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), and platelet-derived growth factor BB titers were significantly elevated in patients with PMA and ALS; of these, FGF-2 and G-CSF titers were elevated compared with those in patients with MMN. IL-4 and IL-10 titers were high in patients with ALS, particularly patients with possible ALS presenting with a slowly progressive course or mild symptoms. Conclusions: The CSF cytokine profile of patients with MMN is distinct from that of patients with PMA and ALS. The similarity of the cytokine profiles between patients with PMA and ALS suggests that PMA shares common immunologic features with ALS in the CNS, even without clinical evidence of upper motor neuron involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Furukawa
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience (T.F., N.M., K.F., H.N., Y.I., R.K.), Institute of Health Biosciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan; Department of Neurology and Clinical Neuroscience (F.S., T.K.), Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan; Department of Neurology (K.M., S.K.), Kinki University School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; and National Epilepsy Center (Y.T.), Shizuoka Institute of Epilepsy and Neurological Disorders, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Naoko Matsui
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience (T.F., N.M., K.F., H.N., Y.I., R.K.), Institute of Health Biosciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan; Department of Neurology and Clinical Neuroscience (F.S., T.K.), Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan; Department of Neurology (K.M., S.K.), Kinki University School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; and National Epilepsy Center (Y.T.), Shizuoka Institute of Epilepsy and Neurological Disorders, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Koji Fujita
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience (T.F., N.M., K.F., H.N., Y.I., R.K.), Institute of Health Biosciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan; Department of Neurology and Clinical Neuroscience (F.S., T.K.), Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan; Department of Neurology (K.M., S.K.), Kinki University School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; and National Epilepsy Center (Y.T.), Shizuoka Institute of Epilepsy and Neurological Disorders, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nodera
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience (T.F., N.M., K.F., H.N., Y.I., R.K.), Institute of Health Biosciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan; Department of Neurology and Clinical Neuroscience (F.S., T.K.), Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan; Department of Neurology (K.M., S.K.), Kinki University School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; and National Epilepsy Center (Y.T.), Shizuoka Institute of Epilepsy and Neurological Disorders, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Fumitaka Shimizu
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience (T.F., N.M., K.F., H.N., Y.I., R.K.), Institute of Health Biosciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan; Department of Neurology and Clinical Neuroscience (F.S., T.K.), Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan; Department of Neurology (K.M., S.K.), Kinki University School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; and National Epilepsy Center (Y.T.), Shizuoka Institute of Epilepsy and Neurological Disorders, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Katsuichi Miyamoto
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience (T.F., N.M., K.F., H.N., Y.I., R.K.), Institute of Health Biosciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan; Department of Neurology and Clinical Neuroscience (F.S., T.K.), Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan; Department of Neurology (K.M., S.K.), Kinki University School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; and National Epilepsy Center (Y.T.), Shizuoka Institute of Epilepsy and Neurological Disorders, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yukitoshi Takahashi
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience (T.F., N.M., K.F., H.N., Y.I., R.K.), Institute of Health Biosciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan; Department of Neurology and Clinical Neuroscience (F.S., T.K.), Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan; Department of Neurology (K.M., S.K.), Kinki University School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; and National Epilepsy Center (Y.T.), Shizuoka Institute of Epilepsy and Neurological Disorders, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Takashi Kanda
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience (T.F., N.M., K.F., H.N., Y.I., R.K.), Institute of Health Biosciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan; Department of Neurology and Clinical Neuroscience (F.S., T.K.), Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan; Department of Neurology (K.M., S.K.), Kinki University School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; and National Epilepsy Center (Y.T.), Shizuoka Institute of Epilepsy and Neurological Disorders, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Susumu Kusunoki
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience (T.F., N.M., K.F., H.N., Y.I., R.K.), Institute of Health Biosciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan; Department of Neurology and Clinical Neuroscience (F.S., T.K.), Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan; Department of Neurology (K.M., S.K.), Kinki University School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; and National Epilepsy Center (Y.T.), Shizuoka Institute of Epilepsy and Neurological Disorders, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yuishin Izumi
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience (T.F., N.M., K.F., H.N., Y.I., R.K.), Institute of Health Biosciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan; Department of Neurology and Clinical Neuroscience (F.S., T.K.), Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan; Department of Neurology (K.M., S.K.), Kinki University School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; and National Epilepsy Center (Y.T.), Shizuoka Institute of Epilepsy and Neurological Disorders, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Ryuji Kaji
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience (T.F., N.M., K.F., H.N., Y.I., R.K.), Institute of Health Biosciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan; Department of Neurology and Clinical Neuroscience (F.S., T.K.), Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan; Department of Neurology (K.M., S.K.), Kinki University School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; and National Epilepsy Center (Y.T.), Shizuoka Institute of Epilepsy and Neurological Disorders, Shizuoka, Japan
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Anti-inflammatory Effect of Astaxanthin on the Sickness Behavior Induced by Diabetes Mellitus. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2015; 35:1027-37. [DOI: 10.1007/s10571-015-0197-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Yang G, Song Y, Zhou X, Deng Y, Liu T, Weng G, Yu D, Pan S. DNA methyltransferase 3, a target of microRNA-29c, contributes to neuronal proliferation by regulating the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:1435-42. [PMID: 25815896 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common form of dementia in the aged population, presents an increasing clinical challenge in terms of diagnosis and treatment. Neurodegeneration is one of the hallmarks of AD, which consequently induces cognitive impairment. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a neuroprotective factor, has been implicated in neuronal survival and proliferation. The epigenetic mechanism of BDNF methylation may be responsible for the reduced expression of BDNF in patients with AD. DNA methyltransferase may contribute to the methylation of BDNF, which is involved in neuroprotection in AD. In addition, epigenetic modifications, including a combination of microRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) and DNA methylation, have been suggested as regulatory mechanisms in the control of neuronal survival. In the present study, the expression of miR-29c was determined in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with AD and of healthy control individuals. A marked decrease in the expression of miR-29c was observed in the AD group compared with the normal control group, accompanied by a decreased in the expression of BDNF. Additionally, a significant increase in the expression of DNA methyltransferase 3 (DNMT3) was observed in the CSF from the patients with AD. Correlation analysis revealed that the expression of miR-29c was positively correlated with BDNF and negatively correlated with DNMT3 protein in the CSF of patients with AD. In addition, the regulatory association between miR-29c, DNMT3 and BDNF were also examined in vitro. It was demonstrated that miR-29c directly targeted DNMT3 and contributed to neuronal proliferation by regulating the expression of BDNF, at least partially, through enhancing the activity of the tyrosine receptor kinase B/extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling pathway. In conclusion, the present study suggested that miR-29c may be a promising potential therapeutic target in the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoshuai Yang
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Yanmin Song
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Haikou People's Hospital, Haikou, Hainan 570208, P.R. China
| | - Yidong Deng
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Guohu Weng
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Dan Yu
- Department of Neurology, Haikou People's Hospital, Haikou, Hainan 570208, P.R. China
| | - Suyue Pan
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
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Nagata T, Kobayashi N, Ishii J, Shinagawa S, Nakayama R, Shibata N, Kuerban B, Ohnuma T, Kondo K, Arai H, Yamada H, Nakayama K. Association between DNA Methylation of the BDNF Promoter Region and Clinical Presentation in Alzheimer's Disease. Dement Geriatr Cogn Dis Extra 2015; 5:64-73. [PMID: 25873928 PMCID: PMC4376924 DOI: 10.1159/000375367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims In the present study, we examined whether DNA methylation of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) promoter is associated with the manifestation and clinical presentation of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Methods Of 20 patients with AD and 20 age-matched normal controls (NCs), the DNA methylation of the BDNF promoter (measured using peripheral blood samples) was completely analyzed in 12 patients with AD and 6 NCs. The resulting methylation levels were compared statistically. Next, we investigated the correlation between the DNA methylation levels and the clinical presentation of AD. Results The total methylation ratio (in %) of the 20 CpG sites was significantly higher in the AD patients (5.08 ± 5.52%) than in the NCs (2.09 ± 0.81%; p < 0.05). Of the 20 CpG sites, the methylation level at the CpG4 site was significantly higher in the AD subjects than in the NCs (p < 0.05). Moreover, the methylation level was significantly and negatively correlated with some neuropsychological test subscores (registration, recall, and prehension behavior scores; p < 0.05). Conclusion These results suggest that the DNA methylation of the BDNF promoter may significantly influence the manifestation of AD and might be associated with its neurocognitive presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Nagata
- Department of Psychiatry, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan ; Division of Molecular Genetics, Institute of DNA Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Kobayashi
- Department of Virology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jumpei Ishii
- Department of Psychiatry, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Ritsuko Nakayama
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Institute of DNA Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuto Shibata
- Department of Psychiatry, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Bolati Kuerban
- Department of Psychiatry, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tohru Ohnuma
- Department of Psychiatry, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Kondo
- Department of Virology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Heii Arai
- Department of Psychiatry, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hisashi Yamada
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Institute of DNA Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Nakayama
- Department of Psychiatry, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Primiani CT, Ryan VH, Rao JS, Cam MC, Ahn K, Modi HR, Rapoport SI. Coordinated gene expression of neuroinflammatory and cell signaling markers in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex during human brain development and aging. PLoS One 2014; 9:e110972. [PMID: 25329999 PMCID: PMC4203852 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Age changes in expression of inflammatory, synaptic, and neurotrophic genes are not well characterized during human brain development and senescence. Knowing these changes may elucidate structural, metabolic, and functional brain processes over the lifespan, as well vulnerability to neurodevelopmental or neurodegenerative diseases. HYPOTHESIS Expression levels of inflammatory, synaptic, and neurotrophic genes in the human brain are coordinated over the lifespan and underlie changes in phenotypic networks or cascades. METHODS We used a large-scale microarray dataset from human prefrontal cortex, BrainCloud, to quantify age changes over the lifespan, divided into Development (0 to 21 years, 87 brains) and Aging (22 to 78 years, 144 brains) intervals, in transcription levels of 39 genes. RESULTS Gene expression levels followed different trajectories over the lifespan. Many changes were intercorrelated within three similar groups or clusters of genes during both Development and Aging, despite different roles of the gene products in the two intervals. During Development, changes were related to reported neuronal loss, dendritic growth and pruning, and microglial events; TLR4, IL1R1, NFKB1, MOBP, PLA2G4A, and PTGS2 expression increased in the first years of life, while expression of synaptic genes GAP43 and DBN1 decreased, before reaching plateaus. During Aging, expression was upregulated for potentially pro-inflammatory genes such as NFKB1, TRAF6, TLR4, IL1R1, TSPO, and GFAP, but downregulated for neurotrophic and synaptic integrity genes such as BDNF, NGF, PDGFA, SYN, and DBN1. CONCLUSIONS Coordinated changes in gene transcription cascades underlie changes in synaptic, neurotrophic, and inflammatory phenotypic networks during brain Development and Aging. Early postnatal expression changes relate to neuronal, glial, and myelin growth and synaptic pruning events, while late Aging is associated with pro-inflammatory and synaptic loss changes. Thus, comparable transcriptional regulatory networks that operate throughout the lifespan underlie different phenotypic processes during Aging compared to Development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher T. Primiani
- Brain Physiology and Metabolism Section, Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Veronica H. Ryan
- Brain Physiology and Metabolism Section, Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jagadeesh S. Rao
- Brain Physiology and Metabolism Section, Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Margaret C. Cam
- Office of Science and Technology Resources, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Kwangmi Ahn
- Child Psychiatry Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Hiren R. Modi
- Brain Physiology and Metabolism Section, Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Stanley I. Rapoport
- Brain Physiology and Metabolism Section, Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
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Coordination of gene expression of arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acid cascade enzymes during human brain development and aging. PLoS One 2014; 9:e100858. [PMID: 24963629 PMCID: PMC4070994 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0100858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The polyunsaturated arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acids (AA and DHA) participate in cell membrane synthesis during neurodevelopment, neuroplasticity, and neurotransmission throughout life. Each is metabolized via coupled enzymatic reactions within separate but interacting metabolic cascades. Hypothesis AA and DHA pathway genes are coordinately expressed and underlie cascade interactions during human brain development and aging. Methods The BrainCloud database for human non-pathological prefrontal cortex gene expression was used to quantify postnatal age changes in mRNA expression of 34 genes involved in AA and DHA metabolism. Results Expression patterns were split into Development (0 to 20 years) and Aging (21 to 78 years) intervals. Expression of genes for cytosolic phospholipases A2 (cPLA2), cyclooxygenases (COX)-1 and -2, and other AA cascade enzymes, correlated closely with age during Development, less so during Aging. Expression of DHA cascade enzymes was less inter-correlated in each period, but often changed in the opposite direction to expression of AA cascade genes. Except for the PLA2G4A (cPLA2 IVA) and PTGS2 (COX-2) genes at 1q25, highly inter-correlated genes were at distant chromosomal loci. Conclusions Coordinated age-related gene expression during the brain Development and Aging intervals likely underlies coupled changes in enzymes of the AA and DHA cascades and largely occur through distant transcriptional regulation. Healthy brain aging does not show upregulation of PLA2G4 or PTGS2 expression, which was found in Alzheimer's disease.
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Kielian T. Neuroinflammation: good, bad, or indifferent? J Neurochem 2014; 130:1-3. [PMID: 24861635 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.12755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Revised: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tammy Kielian
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
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Afshordel S, Wood WG, Igbavboa U, Muller WE, Eckert GP. Impaired geranylgeranyltransferase-I regulation reduces membrane-associated Rho protein levels in aged mouse brain. J Neurochem 2014; 129:732-42. [PMID: 24428713 PMCID: PMC3999261 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.12654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2013] [Revised: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Synaptic impairment rather than neuronal loss may be the leading cause of cognitive dysfunction in brain aging. Certain small Rho-GTPases are involved in synaptic plasticity, and their dysfunction is associated with brain aging and neurodegeneration. Rho-GTPases undergo prenylation by attachment of geranylgeranylpyrophosphate (GGPP) catalyzed by GGTase-I. We examined age-related changes in the abundance of Rho and Rab proteins in membrane and cytosolic fractions as well as of GGTase-I in brain tissue of 3- and 23-month-old C57BL/6 mice. We report a shift in the cellular localization of Rho-GTPases toward reduced levels of membrane-associated and enhanced cytosolic levels of those proteins in aged mouse brain as compared with younger mice. The age-related reduction in membrane-associated Rho proteins was associated with a reduction in GGTase-Iβ levels that regulates binding of GGPP to Rho-GTPases. Proteins prenylated by GGTase-II were not reduced in aged brain indicating a specific targeting of GGTase-I in the aged brain. Inhibition of GGTase-I in vitro modeled the effects of aging we observed in vivo. We demonstrate for the first time a decrease in membrane-associated Rho proteins in aged brain in association with down-regulation of GGTase-Iβ. This down-regulation could be one of the mechanisms causing age-related weakening of synaptic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Afshordel
- Department of Pharmacology, Biocenter Niederursel, University of Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-St. 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - W. Gibson Wood
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, VAMC, Minneapolis, MN 55417 USA
| | - Urule Igbavboa
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, VAMC, Minneapolis, MN 55417 USA
| | - Walter E. Muller
- Department of Pharmacology, Biocenter Niederursel, University of Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-St. 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Gunter P. Eckert
- Department of Pharmacology, Biocenter Niederursel, University of Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-St. 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
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De Oliveira TCG, Soares FC, De Macedo LDED, Diniz DLWP, Bento-Torres NVO, Picanço-Diniz CW. Beneficial effects of multisensory and cognitive stimulation on age-related cognitive decline in long-term-care institutions. Clin Interv Aging 2014; 9:309-20. [PMID: 24600211 PMCID: PMC3933247 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s54383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present report was to evaluate the effectiveness and impact of multisensory and cognitive stimulation on improving cognition in elderly persons living in long-term-care institutions (institutionalized [I]) or in communities with their families (noninstitutionalized [NI]). We compared neuropsychological performance using language and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) test scores before and after 24 and 48 stimulation sessions. The two groups were matched by age and years of schooling. Small groups of ten or fewer volunteers underwent the stimulation program, twice a week, over 6 months (48 sessions in total). Sessions were based on language and memory exercises, as well as visual, olfactory, auditory, and ludic stimulation, including music, singing, and dance. Both groups were assessed at the beginning (before stimulation), in the middle (after 24 sessions), and at the end (after 48 sessions) of the stimulation program. Although the NI group showed higher performance in all tasks in all time windows compared with I subjects, both groups improved their performance after stimulation. In addition, the improvement was significantly higher in the I group than the NI group. Language tests seem to be more efficient than the MMSE to detect early changes in cognitive status. The results suggest the impoverished environment of long-term-care institutions may contribute to lower cognitive scores before stimulation and the higher improvement rate of this group after stimulation. In conclusion, language tests should be routinely adopted in the neuropsychological assessment of elderly subjects, and long-term-care institutions need to include regular sensorimotor, social, and cognitive stimulation as a public health policy for elderly persons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaís Cristina Galdino De Oliveira
- Laboratory of Investigations in Neurodgeneration and Infection, Biological Sciences Institute, University Hospital João de Barros Barreto, Belém, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Cabral Soares
- Laboratory of Investigations in Neurodgeneration and Infection, Biological Sciences Institute, University Hospital João de Barros Barreto, Belém, Brazil
| | - Liliane Dias E Dias De Macedo
- Laboratory of Investigations in Neurodgeneration and Infection, Biological Sciences Institute, University Hospital João de Barros Barreto, Belém, Brazil
| | - Domingos Luiz Wanderley Picanço Diniz
- Laboratory of Investigations in Neurodgeneration and Infection, Biological Sciences Institute, University Hospital João de Barros Barreto, Belém, Brazil
| | - Natáli Valim Oliver Bento-Torres
- Laboratory of Investigations in Neurodgeneration and Infection, Biological Sciences Institute, University Hospital João de Barros Barreto, Belém, Brazil ; College of Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Cristovam Wanderley Picanço-Diniz
- Laboratory of Investigations in Neurodgeneration and Infection, Biological Sciences Institute, University Hospital João de Barros Barreto, Belém, Brazil
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Kadakkuzha BM, Akhmedov K, Capo TR, Carvalloza AC, Fallahi M, Puthanveettil SV. Age-associated bidirectional modulation of gene expression in single identified R15 neuron of Aplysia. BMC Genomics 2013; 14:880. [PMID: 24330282 PMCID: PMC3909179 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-14-880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2013] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Despite the advances in our understanding of aging-associated behavioral decline, relatively little is known about how aging affects neural circuits that regulate specific behaviors, particularly the expression of genes in specific neural circuits during aging. We have addressed this by exploring a peptidergic neuron R15, an identified neuron of the marine snail Aplysia californica. R15 is implicated in reproduction and osmoregulation and responds to neurotransmitters such as acetylcholine, serotonin and glutamate and is characterized by its action potential bursts. Results We examined changes in gene expression in R15 neurons during aging by microarray analyses of RNAs from two different age groups, mature and old animals. Specifically we find that 1083 ESTs are differentially regulated in mature and old R15 neurons. Bioinformatics analyses of these genes have identified specific biological pathways that are up or downregulated in mature and old neurons. Comparison with human signaling networks using pathway analyses have identified three major networks [(1) cell signaling, cell morphology, and skeletal muscular system development (2) cell death and survival, cellular function maintenance and embryonic development and (3) neurological diseases, developmental and hereditary disorders] altered in old R15 neurons. Furthermore, qPCR analysis of single R15 neurons to quantify expression levels of candidate regulators involved in transcription (CREB1) and translation (S6K) showed that aging is associated with a decrease in expression of these regulators, and similar analysis in three other neurons (L7, L11 and R2) showed that gene expression change during aging could be bidirectional. Conclusions We find that aging is associated with bidirectional changes in gene expression. Detailed bioinformatics analyses and human homolog searches have identified specific biological processes and human-relevant signaling pathways in R15 that are affected during aging. Evaluation of gene expression changes in different neurons suggests specific transcriptomic signature of single neurons during aging.
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Ikegame T, Bundo M, Murata Y, Kasai K, Kato T, Iwamoto K. DNA methylation of the BDNF gene and its relevance to psychiatric disorders. J Hum Genet 2013; 58:434-8. [PMID: 23739121 DOI: 10.1038/jhg.2013.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Revised: 05/07/2013] [Accepted: 05/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a neurotrophic factor, which is important for neuronal survival, development and synaptic plasticity. Accumulating evidence suggests that epigenetic modifications of BDNF are associated with the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia and mood disorders. Patients with psychiatric disorders generally show decreased neural BDNF levels, which are often associated with increased DNA methylation at the specific BDNF promoters. Importantly, observed DNA methylation changes are consistent across tissues including brain and peripheral blood, which suggests potential usefulness of these findings as a biomarker of psychiatric disorders. Here we review DNA methylation characteristics of BDNF promoters of cellular, animal and clinical samples and discuss future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tempei Ikegame
- Department of Molecular Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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