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Zhang L, Zetter MA, Hernández VS, Hernández-Pérez OR, Jáuregui-Huerta F, Krabichler Q, Grinevich V. Morphological Signatures of Neurogenesis and Neuronal Migration in Hypothalamic Vasopressinergic Magnocellular Nuclei of the Adult Rat. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6988. [PMID: 39000096 PMCID: PMC11241681 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25136988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The arginine vasopressin (AVP)-magnocellular neurosecretory system (AVPMNS) in the hypothalamus plays a critical role in homeostatic regulation as well as in allostatic motivational behaviors. However, it remains unclear whether adult neurogenesis exists in the AVPMNS. By using immunoreaction against AVP, neurophysin II, glial fibrillar acidic protein (GFAP), cell division marker (Ki67), migrating neuroblast markers (doublecortin, DCX), microglial marker (Ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1, Iba1), and 5'-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU), we report morphological evidence that low-rate neurogenesis and migration occur in adult AVPMNS in the rat hypothalamus. Tangential AVP/GFAP migration routes and AVP/DCX neuronal chains as well as ascending AVP axonal scaffolds were observed. Chronic water deprivation significantly increased the BrdU+ nuclei within both the supraaoptic (SON) and paraventricular (PVN) nuclei. These findings raise new questions about AVPMNS's potential hormonal role for brain physiological adaptation across the lifespan, with possible involvement in coping with homeostatic adversities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limei Zhang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (M.A.Z.); (V.S.H.); (O.R.H.-P.)
- Section on Molecular Neuroscience, National Institute of Mental Health, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mario A. Zetter
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (M.A.Z.); (V.S.H.); (O.R.H.-P.)
- Department of Medicine and Health, University of La Salle, Mexico City 14000, Mexico
| | - Vito S. Hernández
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (M.A.Z.); (V.S.H.); (O.R.H.-P.)
- Section on Molecular Neuroscience, National Institute of Mental Health, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Oscar R. Hernández-Pérez
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (M.A.Z.); (V.S.H.); (O.R.H.-P.)
| | - Fernando Jáuregui-Huerta
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (M.A.Z.); (V.S.H.); (O.R.H.-P.)
| | - Quirin Krabichler
- Department of Neuropeptide Research in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Mannheim, Germany; (Q.K.); (V.G.)
| | - Valery Grinevich
- Department of Neuropeptide Research in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Mannheim, Germany; (Q.K.); (V.G.)
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2
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Tsuboi A. A specific olfactory bulb interneuron subtype Tpbg/5T4 generated at embryonic and neonatal stages. Front Neural Circuits 2024; 18:1427378. [PMID: 38933598 PMCID: PMC11203798 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2024.1427378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Various mammals have shown that sensory stimulation plays a crucial role in regulating the development of diverse structures, such as the olfactory bulb (OB), cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and retina. In the OB, the dendritic development of excitatory projection neurons like mitral/tufted cells is influenced by olfactory experiences. Odor stimulation is also essential for the dendritic development of inhibitory OB interneurons, such as granule and periglomerular cells, which are continuously produced in the ventricular-subventricular zone throughout life. Based on the morphological and molecular features, OB interneurons are classified into several subtypes. The role for each interneuron subtype in the control of olfactory behavior remains poorly understood due to lack of each specific marker. Among the several OB interneuron subtypes, a specific granule cell subtype, which expresses the oncofetal trophoblast glycoprotein (Tpbg or 5T4) gene, has been reported to be required for odor detection and discrimination behavior. This review will primarily focus on elucidating the contribution of different granule cell subtypes, including the Tpbg/5T4 subtype, to olfactory processing and behavior during the embryonic and adult stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akio Tsuboi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Japan
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3
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Purvis EM, Garcia-Epelboim AD, Krizman EN, O’Donnell JC, Cullen DK. A three-dimensional tissue-engineered rostral migratory stream as an in vitro platform for subventricular zone-derived cell migration. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1410717. [PMID: 38933539 PMCID: PMC11199690 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1410717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In the brains of most adult mammals, neural precursor cells (NPCs) from the subventricular zone (SVZ) migrate through the rostral migratory stream (RMS) to replace olfactory bulb interneurons. Following brain injury, published studies have shown that NPCs can divert from the SVZ-RMS-OB route and migrate toward injured brain regions, but the quantity of arriving cells, the lack of survival and terminal differentiation of neuroblasts into neurons, and their limited capacity to re-connect into circuitry are insufficient to promote functional recovery in the absence of therapeutic intervention. Our lab has fabricated a biomimetic tissue-engineered rostral migratory stream (TE-RMS) that replicates some notable structural and functional components of the endogenous rat RMS. Based on the design attributes for the TE-RMS platform, it may serve as a regenerative medicine strategy to facilitate sustained neuronal replacement into an injured brain region or an in vitro tool to investigate cell-cell communication and neuroblast migration. Previous work has demonstrated that the TE-RMS replicates the basic structure, unique nuclear shape, cytoskeletal arrangement, and surface protein expression of the endogenous rat RMS. Here, we developed an enhanced TE-RMS fabrication method in hydrogel microchannels that allowed more robust and high-throughput TE-RMS assembly. We report unique astrocyte behavior, including astrocyte bundling into the TE-RMS, the presence of multiple TE-RMS bundles, and observations of discontinuities in TE-RMS bundles, when microtissues are fabricated in agarose microchannels containing different critical curved or straight geometric features. We also demonstrate that we can harvest NPCs from the SVZ of adult rat brains and that EGFP+ cells migrate in chain formation from SVZ neurospheres through the TE-RMS in vitro. Overall, the TE-RMS can be utilized as an in vitro platform to investigate the pivotal cell-cell signaling mechanisms underlying the synergy of molecular cues involved in immature neuronal migration and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin M. Purvis
- Center for Brain Injury and Repair, Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Center for Neurotrauma, Neurodegeneration and Restoration, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Andrés D. Garcia-Epelboim
- Center for Brain Injury and Repair, Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Center for Neurotrauma, Neurodegeneration and Restoration, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Elizabeth N. Krizman
- Center for Brain Injury and Repair, Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Center for Neurotrauma, Neurodegeneration and Restoration, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - John C. O’Donnell
- Center for Brain Injury and Repair, Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Center for Neurotrauma, Neurodegeneration and Restoration, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - D. Kacy Cullen
- Center for Brain Injury and Repair, Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Center for Neurotrauma, Neurodegeneration and Restoration, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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Yasar TB, Gombkoto P, Vyssotski AL, Vavladeli AD, Lewis CM, Wu B, Meienberg L, Lundegardh V, Helmchen F, von der Behrens W, Yanik MF. Months-long tracking of neuronal ensembles spanning multiple brain areas with Ultra-Flexible Tentacle Electrodes. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4822. [PMID: 38844769 PMCID: PMC11156863 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49226-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
We introduce Ultra-Flexible Tentacle Electrodes (UFTEs), packing many independent fibers with the smallest possible footprint without limitation in recording depth using a combination of mechanical and chemical tethering for insertion. We demonstrate a scheme to implant UFTEs simultaneously into many brain areas at arbitrary locations without angle-of-insertion limitations, and a 512-channel wireless logger. Immunostaining reveals no detectable chronic tissue damage even after several months. Mean spike signal-to-noise ratios are 1.5-3x compared to the state-of-the-art, while the highest signal-to-noise ratios reach 89, and average cortical unit yields are ~1.75/channel. UFTEs can track the same neurons across sessions for at least 10 months (longest duration tested). We tracked inter- and intra-areal neuronal ensembles (neurons repeatedly co-activated within 25 ms) simultaneously from hippocampus, retrosplenial cortex, and medial prefrontal cortex in freely moving rodents. Average ensemble lifetimes were shorter than the durations over which we can track individual neurons. We identify two distinct classes of ensembles. Those tuned to sharp-wave ripples display the shortest lifetimes, and the ensemble members are mostly hippocampal. Yet, inter-areal ensembles with members from both hippocampus and cortex have weak tuning to sharp wave ripples, and some have unusual months-long lifetimes. Such inter-areal ensembles occasionally remain inactive for weeks before re-emerging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tansel Baran Yasar
- Institute of Neuroinformatics, ETH Zurich & University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich & ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Peter Gombkoto
- Institute of Neuroinformatics, ETH Zurich & University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich & ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alexei L Vyssotski
- Institute of Neuroinformatics, ETH Zurich & University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich & ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Angeliki D Vavladeli
- Institute of Neuroinformatics, ETH Zurich & University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich & ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christopher M Lewis
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich & ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Brain Research Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bifeng Wu
- Institute of Neuroinformatics, ETH Zurich & University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich & ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Linus Meienberg
- Institute of Neuroinformatics, ETH Zurich & University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Valter Lundegardh
- Institute of Neuroinformatics, ETH Zurich & University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Fritjof Helmchen
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich & ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Brain Research Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- University Research Priority Program (URPP), Adaptive Brain Circuits in Development and Learning, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Wolfger von der Behrens
- Institute of Neuroinformatics, ETH Zurich & University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich & ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mehmet Fatih Yanik
- Institute of Neuroinformatics, ETH Zurich & University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich & ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Bálentová S, Hnilicová P, Kalenská D, Baranovičová E, Muríň P, Hajtmanová E. Radiation-induced bystander effect on the brain after fractionated spinal cord irradiation of aging rats. Neurochem Int 2024; 176:105726. [PMID: 38556052 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2024.105726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
We investigated the influence of the so-called bystander effect on metabolic and histopathological changes in the rat brain after fractionated spinal cord irradiation. The study was initiated with adult Wistar male rats (n = 20) at the age of 9 months. The group designated to irradiation (n = 10) and the age-matched control animals (n = 10) were subjected to an initial measurement using in vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). After allowing the animals to survive until 12 months, they received fractionated spinal cord irradiation with a total dose of 24 Gy administered in 3 fractions (8 Gy per fraction) once a week on the same day for 3 consecutive weeks. 1H MRS and MRI of brain metabolites were performed in the hippocampus, corpus striatum, and olfactory bulb (OB) before irradiation (9-month-old rats) and subsequently 48 h (12-month-old) and 2 months (14-month-old) after the completion of irradiation. After the animals were sacrificed at the age of 14 months, brain tissue changes were investigated in two neurogenic regions: the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) and the rostral migratory stream (RMS). By comparing the group of 9-month-old rats and individuals measured 48 h (at the age of 12 months) after irradiation, we found a significant decrease in the ratio of total N-acetyl aspartate to total creatine (tNAA/tCr) and gamma-aminobutyric acid to tCr (GABA/tCr) in OB and hippocampus. A significant increase in myoinositol to tCr (mIns/tCr) in the OB persisted up to 14 months of age. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR)-based plasma metabolomics showed a significant increase in keto acids and decreased tyrosine and tricarboxylic cycle enzymes. Morphometric analysis of neurogenic regions of 14-month-old rats showed well-preserved stem cells, neuroblasts, and increased neurodegeneration. The radiation-induced bystander effect more significantly affected metabolite concentration than the distribution of selected cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soňa Bálentová
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Malá Hora 4, 036 01, Martin, Slovak Republic.
| | - Petra Hnilicová
- Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Malá Hora 4D, 036 01, Martin, Slovak Republic
| | - Dagmar Kalenská
- Department of Anatomy, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Malá Hora 4, 036 01, Martin, Slovak Republic
| | - Eva Baranovičová
- Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Malá Hora 4D, 036 01, Martin, Slovak Republic
| | - Peter Muríň
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Martin University Hospital, Kollárova 2, 036 59, Martin, Slovak Republic
| | - Eva Hajtmanová
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Martin University Hospital, Kollárova 2, 036 59, Martin, Slovak Republic
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6
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Otaif A, Alshammari M, Gerin CG. Can alternative medical methods evoke somatosensory responses and functional improvement? Heliyon 2024; 10:e30010. [PMID: 38726182 PMCID: PMC11078864 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Evidence-based scientific studies focusing on complementary alternative medicine (CAM) and potential functional improvement after an insult of the central nervous system are lacking. Aims We aim to demonstrate that functional recovery after stimulation applied as a CAM treatment through cauterization might trigger neural repair and regenerative paths similarly as acupuncture, cupping, electrical or magnetic stimulations. Those paths are important in recovery of function. Procedures Medical records and information of ten patients, with initial presentations of cerebral trauma or spinal cord insult inducing paralysis, were studied. Patients ages ranged from 17 to 95-year-old. Patients consulted for alternative medical treatment one year or more after initial diagnosis.CAM treatment consisted in 10-point stimulation on the skull and 4-point stimulation located at the right and left calves and forearms. Stimulations consisted of a heated steel rod application (cautery) in a one-time session. The duration of each stimulation was about 0.5 s. Results Most studies using CAM stimulations (acupuncture, cautery, cupping, moxibustion, electrical and magnetic stimulations) describe improvement. In all 10 medical records and information from our practitioner, patients had improvement in their motor skills, including gain of weight support, unassisted small walks, independent and voluntary movements of limbs. Improvement was steady over a period of one to several years. Conclusion We compared our findings to acupuncture, electrical, magnetic field effects to highlight common paths and to provide scientific evidence for recovery of the function. We believe that CAM treatments triggered existing or new neuronal networks as well as synaptic efficiency or reactivation, through highly increased, sensory nociceptive coupled to proprioceptive, afferences. Those results also highlight the need to further investigate neural function of cortical and subcortical areas through indirect pathways stimulations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mashan Alshammari
- Texas A&M, Corpus Christi, TX, USA
- King Khalid Military Academy, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Christine G. Gerin
- Texas A&M, Corpus Christi, TX, USA
- Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Neuro and Behavioral Health, UTRGV-SOM, TX, USA
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Wu N, Li W, Chen Q, Chen M, Chen S, Cheng C, Xie Y. Research Advances in Neuroblast Migration in Traumatic Brain Injury. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04117-4. [PMID: 38507029 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04117-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Neuroblasts were first derived from the adult mammalian brains in the 1990s by Reynolds et al. Since then, persistent neurogenesis in the subgranular zone (SGZ) of the hippocampus and subventricular zone (SVZ) has gradually been recognized. To date, reviews on neuroblast migration have largely investigated glial cells and molecular signaling mechanisms, while the relationship between vasculature and cell migration remains a mystery. Thus, this paper underlines the partial biological features of neuroblast migration and unravels the significance and mechanisms of the vasculature in the process to further clarify theoretically the neural repair mechanism after brain injury. Neuroblast migration presents three modes according to the characteristics of cells that act as scaffolds during the migration process: gliophilic migration, neurophilic migration, and vasophilic migration. Many signaling molecules, including brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1), affect vasophilic migration, synergistically regulating the migration of neuroblasts to target areas along blood vessels. However, the precise role of blood vessels in the migration of neuroblasts needs to be further explored. The in-depth study of neuroblast migration will most probably provide theoretical basis and breakthrough for the clinical treatment of brain injury diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Wu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Wanzhou District, No. 165 Xincheng Road, Wanzhou District, Chongqing, 404100, China
| | - Wenlang Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiang Chen
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Wanzhou District, No. 165 Xincheng Road, Wanzhou District, Chongqing, 404100, China
| | - Meng Chen
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Wanzhou District, No. 165 Xincheng Road, Wanzhou District, Chongqing, 404100, China
| | - Siyuan Chen
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Wanzhou District, No. 165 Xincheng Road, Wanzhou District, Chongqing, 404100, China
| | - Chongjie Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, China
| | - Yimin Xie
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Wanzhou District, No. 165 Xincheng Road, Wanzhou District, Chongqing, 404100, China.
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Garone C, De Giorgio F, Carli S. Mitochondrial metabolism in neural stem cells and implications for neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative diseases. J Transl Med 2024; 22:238. [PMID: 38438847 PMCID: PMC10910780 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05041-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are cytoplasmic organelles having a fundamental role in the regulation of neural stem cell (NSC) fate during neural development and maintenance.During embryonic and adult neurogenesis, NSCs undergo a metabolic switch from glycolytic to oxidative phosphorylation with a rise in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) content, changes in mitochondria shape and size, and a physiological augmentation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species which together drive NSCs to proliferate and differentiate. Genetic and epigenetic modifications of proteins involved in cellular differentiation (Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin), proliferation (Wingless-type), and hypoxia (Mitogen-activated protein kinase)-and all connected by the common key regulatory factor Hypoxia Inducible Factor-1A-are deemed to be responsible for the metabolic shift and, consequently, NSC fate in physiological and pathological conditions.Both primary mitochondrial dysfunction due to mutations in nuclear DNA or mtDNA or secondary mitochondrial dysfunction in oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) metabolism, mitochondrial dynamics, and organelle interplay pathways can contribute to the development of neurodevelopmental or progressive neurodegenerative disorders.This review analyses the physiology and pathology of neural development starting from the available in vitro and in vivo models and highlights the current knowledge concerning key mitochondrial pathways involved in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Garone
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
- IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, UO Neuropsichiatria Dell'età Pediatrica, Bologna, Italy.
| | - F De Giorgio
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - S Carli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Duan H, Li S, Hao P, Hao F, Zhao W, Gao Y, Qiao H, Gu Y, Lv Y, Bao X, Chiu K, So KF, Yang Z, Li X. Activation of endogenous neurogenesis and angiogenesis by basic fibroblast growth factor-chitosan gel in an adult rat model of ischemic stroke. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:409-415. [PMID: 37488905 PMCID: PMC10503635 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.375344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Attempts have been made to use cell transplantation and biomaterials to promote cell proliferation, differentiation, migration, and survival, as well as angiogenesis, in the context of brain injury. However, whether bioactive materials can repair the damage caused by ischemic stroke by activating endogenous neurogenesis and angiogenesis is still unknown. In this study, we applied chitosan gel loaded with basic fibroblast growth factor to the stroke cavity 7 days after ischemic stroke in rats. The gel slowly released basic fibroblast growth factor, which improved the local microenvironment, activated endogenous neural stem/progenitor cells, and recruited these cells to migrate toward the penumbra and stroke cavity and subsequently differentiate into neurons, while enhancing angiogenesis in the penumbra and stroke cavity and ultimately leading to partial functional recovery. This study revealed the mechanism by which bioactive materials repair ischemic strokes, thus providing a new strategy for the clinical application of bioactive materials in the treatment of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Duan
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shulun Li
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Hao
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Hao
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Neural Regeneration, School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Zhao
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yudan Gao
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Qiao
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Yiming Gu
- Department of Physical Education, Capital University of Economics and Businessm, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Lv
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Xinjie Bao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Kin Chiu
- Department of Psychology, State Key Lab of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administration Region, China
| | - Kwok-Fai So
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Department of Ophthalmology and State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administration Region, China
- Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhaoyang Yang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoguang Li
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
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Fuchigami T, Itokazu Y, Yu RK. Ganglioside GD3 regulates neural stem cell quiescence and controls postnatal neurogenesis. Glia 2024; 72:167-183. [PMID: 37667994 PMCID: PMC10840680 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
The postnatal neural stem cell (NSC) pool hosts quiescent and activated radial glia-like NSCs contributing to neurogenesis throughout adulthood. However, the underlying regulatory mechanism during the transition from quiescent NSCs to activated NSCs in the postnatal NSC niche is not fully understood. Lipid metabolism and lipid composition play important roles in regulating NSC fate determination. Biological lipid membranes define the individual cellular shape and help maintain cellular organization and are highly heterogeneous in structure and there exist diverse microdomains (also known as lipid rafts), which are enriched with sugar molecules, such as glycosphingolipids. An often overlooked but key aspect is that the functional activities of proteins and genes are highly dependent on their molecular environments. We previously reported that ganglioside GD3 is the predominant species in NSCs and that the reduced postnatal NSC pools are observed in global GD3-synthase knockout (GD3S-KO) mouse brains. The specific roles of GD3 in determining the stage and cell-lineage determination of NSCs remain unclear, since global GD3S-KO mice cannot distinguish if GD3 regulates postnatal neurogenesis or developmental impacts. Here, we show that inducible GD3 deletion in postnatal radial glia-like NSCs promotes NSC activation, resulting in the loss of the long-term maintenance of the adult NSC pools. The reduced neurogenesis in the subventricular zone (SVZ) and the dentate gyrus (DG) of GD3S-conditional-knockout mice led to the impaired olfactory and memory functions. Thus, our results provide convincing evidence that postnatal GD3 maintains the quiescent state of radial glia-like NSCs in the adult NSC niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Fuchigami
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Yutaka Itokazu
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Robert K. Yu
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
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11
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Mashanov V, Ademiluyi S, Jacob Machado D, Reid R, Janies D. Echinoderm radial glia in adult cell renewal, indeterminate growth, and regeneration. Front Neural Circuits 2023; 17:1258370. [PMID: 37841894 PMCID: PMC10570448 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2023.1258370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Echinoderms are a phylum of marine deterostomes with a range of interesting biological features. One remarkable ability is their impressive capacity to regenerate most of their adult tissues, including the central nervous system (CNS). The research community has accumulated data that demonstrates that, in spite of the pentaradial adult body plan, echinoderms share deep similarities with their bilateral sister taxa such as hemichordates and chordates. Some of the new data reveal the complexity of the nervous system in echinoderms. In terms of the cellular architecture, one of the traits that is shared between the CNS of echinoderms and chordates is the presence of radial glia. In chordates, these cells act as the main progenitor population in CNS development. In mammals, radial glia are spent in embryogenesis and are no longer present in adults, being replaced with other neural cell types. In non-mammalian chordates, they are still detected in the mature CNS along with other types of glia. In echinoderms, radial glia also persist into the adulthood, but unlike in chordates, it is the only known glial cell type that is present in the fully developed CNS. The echinoderm radial glia is a multifunctional cell type. Radial glia forms the supporting scaffold of the neuroepithelium, exhibits secretory activity, clears up dying or damaged cells by phagocytosis, and, most importantly, acts as a major progenitor cell population. The latter function is critical for the outstanding developmental plasticity of the adult echinoderm CNS, including physiological cell turnover, indeterminate growth, and a remarkable capacity to regenerate major parts following autotomy or traumatic injury. In this review we summarize the current knowledge on the organization and function of the echinoderm radial glia, with a focus on the role of this cell type in adult neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Mashanov
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Soji Ademiluyi
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, College of Computing and Informatics, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, United States
| | - Denis Jacob Machado
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, College of Computing and Informatics, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, United States
| | - Robert Reid
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, College of Computing and Informatics, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, United States
| | - Daniel Janies
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, College of Computing and Informatics, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, United States
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12
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Rejdak K, Sienkiewicz-Jarosz H, Bienkowski P, Alvarez A. Modulation of neurotrophic factors in the treatment of dementia, stroke and TBI: Effects of Cerebrolysin. Med Res Rev 2023; 43:1668-1700. [PMID: 37052231 DOI: 10.1002/med.21960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Neurotrophic factors (NTFs) are involved in the pathophysiology of neurological disorders such as dementia, stroke and traumatic brain injury (TBI), and constitute molecular targets of high interest for the therapy of these pathologies. In this review we provide an overview of current knowledge of the definition, discovery and mode of action of five NTFs, nerve growth factor, insulin-like growth factor 1, brain derived NTF, vascular endothelial growth factor and tumor necrosis factor alpha; as well as on their contribution to brain pathology and potential therapeutic use in dementia, stroke and TBI. Within the concept of NTFs in the treatment of these pathologies, we also review the neuropeptide preparation Cerebrolysin, which has been shown to resemble the activities of NTFs and to modulate the expression level of endogenous NTFs. Cerebrolysin has demonstrated beneficial treatment capabilities in vitro and in clinical studies, which are discussed within the context of the biochemistry of NTFs. The review focuses on the interactions of different NTFs, rather than addressing a single NTF, by outlining their signaling network and by reviewing their effect on clinical outcome in prevalent brain pathologies. The effects of the interactions of these NTFs and Cerebrolysin on neuroplasticity, neurogenesis, angiogenesis and inflammation, and their relevance for the treatment of dementia, stroke and TBI are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konrad Rejdak
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | | | | | - Anton Alvarez
- Medinova Institute of Neurosciences, Clinica RehaSalud, Coruña, Spain
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13
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Uchida N, Muraoka T. Self-assembling materials functionalizing bio-interfaces of phospholipid membranes and extracellular matrices. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:9687-9697. [PMID: 37440181 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc01875j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
This Feature Article focuses on recent studies on the development of self-assembling materials that mimic and control dynamic bio-interfaces. Extracellular matrix (ECM) is a fundamental tissue at the cellular interface constructed by networks of fibrous proteins, which regulates a variety of cellular activities. Reconstruction of ECM has been demonstrated by self-assembling peptides. By combining the dynamic properties of the self-assembling peptides conjugated with full-length proteins, peptide-based supramolecular materials enable neuronal migration and regeneration of injured neural tissue. The phospholipid bilayer is the main component of the cell membrane. The morphology and deformation of the phospholipid bilayer relate directly to dynamic interfacial functions. Stabilization of the phospholipid nanosheet structure has been demonstrated by self-assembling peptides, and the stabilized bicelle is functional for extended blood circulation. By using a photo-responsive synthetic surfactant showing a mechanical opening/closing motion, endocytosis-like outside-in membrane deformation is triggered. The outside-in deformation allows for efficient encapsulation of micrometer-size substances such as phage viruses into the liposomes, and the encapsulated viruses can be delivered to multiple organs in a living body via blood administration. These supramolecular approaches to mimicking and controlling bio-interfaces present powerful ways to develop unprecedented regenerative medicines and drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriyuki Uchida
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Takahiro Muraoka
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
- Institute of Global Innovation Research, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-8-1 Harumi-cho, Fuchu-Shi, Tokyo 183-8538, Japan.
- Kanagawa Institute of Industrial Science and Technology (KISTEC), 705-1 Shimoimaizumi, Ebina, Kanagawa 243-0435, Japan
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14
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Wang J, Daniszewski M, Hao MM, Hernández D, Pébay A, Gleeson PA, Fourriere L. Organelle mapping in dendrites of human iPSC-derived neurons reveals dynamic functional dendritic Golgi structures. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112709. [PMID: 37393622 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Secretory pathways within dendrites of neurons have been proposed for local transport of newly synthesized proteins. However, little is known about the dynamics of the local secretory system and whether the organelles are transient or stable structures. Here, we quantify the spatial and dynamic behavior of dendritic Golgi and endosomes during differentiation of human neurons generated from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). In early neuronal development, before and during migration, the entire Golgi apparatus transiently translocates from the soma into dendrites. In mature neurons, dynamic Golgi elements, containing cis and trans cisternae, are transported from the soma along dendrites, in an actin-dependent process. Dendritic Golgi outposts are dynamic and display bidirectional movement. Similar structures were observed in cerebral organoids. Using the retention using selective hooks (RUSH) system, Golgi resident proteins are transported efficiently into Golgi outposts from the endoplasmic reticulum. This study reveals dynamic, functional Golgi structures in dendrites and a spatial map for investigating dendrite trafficking in human neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingqi Wang
- The Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Maciej Daniszewski
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Marlene M Hao
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Damián Hernández
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Alice Pébay
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; Department of Surgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Paul A Gleeson
- The Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia.
| | - Lou Fourriere
- The Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia.
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15
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Kim JT, Cho SM, Youn DH, Hong EP, Park CH, Lee Y, Jung H, Jeon JP. Therapeutic Effect of a Hydrogel-based Neural Stem Cell Delivery Sheet for Mild Traumatic Brain Injury. Acta Biomater 2023:S1742-7061(23)00351-3. [PMID: 37356785 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There are no effective clinically applicable treatments for neuronal dysfunction after mild traumatic brain injury (TBI). Here, we evaluated the therapeutic effect of a new delivery method of mouse neural stem cell (mNSC) spheroids using a hydrogel, in terms of improvement in damaged cortical lesions and cognitive impairment after mild TBI. METHODS mNSCs were isolated from the subventricular zone and subgranular zone by a hydrogel-based culture system. GFP-transduced mNSCs were generated into spheroids and wrapped into a sheet for transplantation. Male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into four groups: sham operation, TBI, TBI with mNSC spheroids, and TBI with mNSC spheroid sheet transplantation covering the damaged cortex. Histopathological and immunohistochemical features and cognitive function were evaluated 7, 14, and 28 days after transplantation following TBI. RESULTS Hydrogel-based culture systems and mNSC isolation were successfully established from the adult mice. Essential transcription factors for NSCs, such as SOX2, PAX6, Olig2, nestin, and doublecortin (DCX), were highly expressed in the mNSCs. A transplanted hydrogel-based mNSC spheroid sheet showed good engraftment and survival ability, differentiated into TUJ1-positive neurons, promoted angiogenesis, and reduced neuronal degeneration. Also, TBI mice treated with mNSC spheroid sheet transplantation exhibited a significantly increased preference for a new object, suggesting improved cognitive function compared to the mNSC spheroids or no treatment groups. CONCLUSION Transplantation with a hydrogel-based mNSC spheroid sheet showed engraftment, migration, and stability of delivered cells in a hostile microenvironment after TBI, resulting in improved cognitive function via reconstruction of the damaged cortex. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE This study presents the therapeutic effect of a new delivery method of mouse neural stem cells spheroids using a hydrogel, in terms of improvement in damaged cortical lesions and cognitive impairment after traumatic brain injury. Collagen/fibrin hydrogel allowed long-term survival and migratory ability of NSCs spheroids. Furthermore, transplanted hydrogel-based mNSCs spheroids sheet showed good engraftment, migration, and stability of delivered cells in a hostile microenvironment, resulting in reconstruction of the damaged cortex and improved cognitive function after TBI. Therefore, we suggest that a hydrogel-based mNSCs spheroids sheet could help to improve cognitive impairment after TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Tae Kim
- Institute of New Frontier Research, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Sung Min Cho
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Dong Hyuk Youn
- Institute of New Frontier Research, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Eun Pyo Hong
- Institute of New Frontier Research, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Chan Hum Park
- Institute of New Frontier Research, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Younghyurk Lee
- Institute of New Frontier Research, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Harry Jung
- Institute of New Frontier Research, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Jin Pyeong Jeon
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea.
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16
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Damle EB, Morrison VE, Cioma J, Volic M, Bix GJ. Co-administration of extracellular matrix-based biomaterials with neural stem cell transplantation for treatment of central nervous system injury. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1177040. [PMID: 37255752 PMCID: PMC10225608 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1177040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Injuries and disorders of the central nervous system (CNS) present a particularly difficult challenge for modern medicine to address, given the complex nature of the tissues, obstacles in researching and implementing therapies, and barriers to translating efficacious treatments into human patients. Recent advancements in neural stem cell (NSC) transplantation, endogenous neurogenesis, and in vivo reprogramming of non-neural cells into the neuronal lineage represent multiple approaches to resolving CNS injury. However, we propose that one practice that must be incorporated universally in neuroregeneration studies is the use of extracellular matrix (ECM)-mimicking biomaterials to supply the architectural support and cellular microenvironment necessary for partial or complete restoration of function. Through consideration of developmental processes including neurogenesis, cellular migration, and establishment of functional connectivity, as well as evaluation of process-specific interactions between cells and ECM components, insights can be gained to harness and modulate native and induced neurobiological processes to promote CNS tissue repair. Further, evaluation of the current landscape of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering techniques external to the neurosciences provides key perspectives into the role of the ECM in the use of stem cell-based therapies, and the potential directions future neuroregenerative approaches may take. If the most successful of these approaches achieve wide-spread adoption, innovative paired NSC-ECM strategies for neuroregeneration may become prominent in the near future, and with the rapid advances these techniques are poised to herald, a new era of treatment for CNS injury may dawn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eshan B. Damle
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
- Tulane Brain Institute, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Vivianne E. Morrison
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Jozef Cioma
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Milla Volic
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Gregory J. Bix
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
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17
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Li L, Li X, Han R, Wu M, Ma Y, Chen Y, Zhang H, Li Y. Therapeutic Potential of Chinese Medicine for Endogenous Neurogenesis: A Promising Candidate for Stroke Treatment. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16050706. [PMID: 37242489 DOI: 10.3390/ph16050706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Strokes are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in adults worldwide. Extensive preclinical studies have shown that neural-stem-cell-based treatments have great therapeutic potential for stroke. Several studies have confirmed that the effective components of traditional Chinese medicine can protect and maintain the survival, proliferation, and differentiation of endogenous neural stem cells through different targets and mechanisms. Therefore, the use of Chinese medicines to activate and promote endogenous nerve regeneration and repair is a potential treatment option for stroke patients. Here, we summarize the current knowledge regarding neural stem cell strategies for ischemic strokes and the potential effects of these Chinese medicines on neuronal regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Li
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 301617, China
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 301617, China
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Rui Han
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 301617, China
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Meirong Wu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 301617, China
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Yaolei Ma
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 301617, China
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Yuzhao Chen
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 301617, China
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Han Zhang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 301617, China
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Yue Li
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 301617, China
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
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18
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Abbate C. The Adult Neurogenesis Theory of Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2023:JAD221279. [PMID: 37182879 DOI: 10.3233/jad-221279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease starts in neural stem cells (NSCs) in the niches of adult neurogenesis. All primary factors responsible for pathological tau hyperphosphorylation are inherent to adult neurogenesis and migration. However, when amyloid pathology is present, it strongly amplifies tau pathogenesis. Indeed, the progressive accumulation of extracellular amyloid-β deposits in the brain triggers a state of chronic inflammation by microglia. Microglial activation has a significant pro-neurogenic effect that fosters the process of adult neurogenesis and supports neuronal migration. Unfortunately, this "reactive" pro-neurogenic activity ultimately perturbs homeostatic equilibrium in the niches of adult neurogenesis by amplifying tau pathogenesis in AD. This scenario involves NSCs in the subgranular zone of the hippocampal dentate gyrus in late-onset AD (LOAD) and NSCs in the ventricular-subventricular zone along the lateral ventricles in early-onset AD (EOAD), including familial AD (FAD). Neuroblasts carrying the initial seed of tau pathology travel throughout the brain via neuronal migration driven by complex signals and convey the disease from the niches of adult neurogenesis to near (LOAD) or distant (EOAD) brain regions. In these locations, or in close proximity, a focus of degeneration begins to develop. Then, tau pathology spreads from the initial foci to large neuronal networks along neural connections through neuron-to-neuron transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Abbate
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS, Milan, Italy
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19
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Su X, Kovalchuk Y, Mojtahedi N, Kamari F, Claassen M, Garaschuk O. Neuronal silence as a prosurvival factor for adult-born olfactory bulb interneurons. Stem Cell Reports 2023; 18:1182-1195. [PMID: 37116486 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2023.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult-born cells, arriving daily into the rodent olfactory bulb, either integrate into the neural circuitry or get eliminated. However, whether these two populations differ in their morphological or functional properties remains unclear. Using longitudinal in vivo two-photon imaging, we monitored dendritic morphogenesis, odor-evoked responsiveness, ongoing Ca2+ signaling, and survival/death of adult-born juxtaglomerular neurons (abJGNs). We found that the maturation of abJGNs is accompanied by a significant reduction in dendritic complexity, with surviving and subsequently eliminated cells showing similar degrees of dendritic remodeling. Surprisingly, ∼63% of eliminated abJGNs acquired odor responsiveness before death, with amplitudes and time courses of odor-evoked responses similar to those recorded in surviving cells. However, the subsequently eliminated cell population exhibited significantly higher ongoing Ca2+ signals, with a difference visible even 10 days before death. Quantitative supervised machine learning analysis revealed a relationship between the abJGNs' activity and survival probability, with low neuronal activity being supportive for survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Su
- Department of Neurophysiology, Institute of Physiology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Yury Kovalchuk
- Department of Neurophysiology, Institute of Physiology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Nima Mojtahedi
- Department of Neurophysiology, Institute of Physiology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Farzin Kamari
- Department of Neurophysiology, Institute of Physiology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Manfred Claassen
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Department of Computer Science, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Olga Garaschuk
- Department of Neurophysiology, Institute of Physiology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
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20
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Geribaldi-Doldán N, Carrascal L, Pérez-García P, Oliva-Montero JM, Pardillo-Díaz R, Domínguez-García S, Bernal-Utrera C, Gómez-Oliva R, Martínez-Ortega S, Verástegui C, Nunez-Abades P, Castro C. Migratory Response of Cells in Neurogenic Niches to Neuronal Death: The Onset of Harmonic Repair? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076587. [PMID: 37047560 PMCID: PMC10095545 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Harmonic mechanisms orchestrate neurogenesis in the healthy brain within specific neurogenic niches, which generate neurons from neural stem cells as a homeostatic mechanism. These newly generated neurons integrate into existing neuronal circuits to participate in different brain tasks. Despite the mechanisms that protect the mammalian brain, this organ is susceptible to many different types of damage that result in the loss of neuronal tissue and therefore in alterations in the functionality of the affected regions. Nevertheless, the mammalian brain has developed mechanisms to respond to these injuries, potentiating its capacity to generate new neurons from neural stem cells and altering the homeostatic processes that occur in neurogenic niches. These alterations may lead to the generation of new neurons within the damaged brain regions. Notwithstanding, the activation of these repair mechanisms, regeneration of neuronal tissue within brain injuries does not naturally occur. In this review, we discuss how the different neurogenic niches respond to different types of brain injuries, focusing on the capacity of the progenitors generated in these niches to migrate to the injured regions and activate repair mechanisms. We conclude that the search for pharmacological drugs that stimulate the migration of newly generated neurons to brain injuries may result in the development of therapies to repair the damaged brain tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noelia Geribaldi-Doldán
- Departamento de Anatomía y Embriología Humanas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cádiz, 11003 Cádiz, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), 11009 Cádiz, Spain
| | - Livia Carrascal
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), 11009 Cádiz, Spain
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Patricia Pérez-García
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), 11009 Cádiz, Spain
- Departamento de Biomedicina, Biotecnología y Salud Pública, Área de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cádiz, 11003 Cádiz, Spain
| | - José M. Oliva-Montero
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), 11009 Cádiz, Spain
- Departamento de Biomedicina, Biotecnología y Salud Pública, Área de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cádiz, 11003 Cádiz, Spain
| | - Ricardo Pardillo-Díaz
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), 11009 Cádiz, Spain
- Departamento de Biomedicina, Biotecnología y Salud Pública, Área de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cádiz, 11003 Cádiz, Spain
| | - Samuel Domínguez-García
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), 11009 Cádiz, Spain
- Departamento de Biomedicina, Biotecnología y Salud Pública, Área de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cádiz, 11003 Cádiz, Spain
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Biomedicum, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Carlos Bernal-Utrera
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), 11009 Cádiz, Spain
- Departamento de Fisioterapia, Facultad de Enfermería, Fisioterapia y Podología, Universidad de Sevilla, 41009 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Ricardo Gómez-Oliva
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), 11009 Cádiz, Spain
- Departamento de Biomedicina, Biotecnología y Salud Pública, Área de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cádiz, 11003 Cádiz, Spain
| | - Sergio Martínez-Ortega
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), 11009 Cádiz, Spain
- Departamento de Biomedicina, Biotecnología y Salud Pública, Área de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cádiz, 11003 Cádiz, Spain
| | - Cristina Verástegui
- Departamento de Anatomía y Embriología Humanas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cádiz, 11003 Cádiz, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), 11009 Cádiz, Spain
| | - Pedro Nunez-Abades
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), 11009 Cádiz, Spain
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Carmen Castro
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), 11009 Cádiz, Spain
- Departamento de Biomedicina, Biotecnología y Salud Pública, Área de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cádiz, 11003 Cádiz, Spain
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21
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Ohno Y, Nakajima C, Ajioka I, Muraoka T, Yaguchi A, Fujioka T, Akimoto S, Matsuo M, Lotfy A, Nakamura S, Herranz-Pérez V, García-Verdugo JM, Matsukawa N, Kaneko N, Sawamoto K. Amphiphilic peptide-tagged N-cadherin forms radial glial-like fibers that enhance neuronal migration in injured brain and promote sensorimotor recovery. Biomaterials 2023; 294:122003. [PMID: 36736095 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The mammalian brain has very limited ability to regenerate lost neurons and recover function after injury. Promoting the migration of young neurons (neuroblasts) derived from endogenous neural stem cells using biomaterials is a new and promising approach to aid recovery of the brain after injury. However, the delivery of sufficient neuroblasts to distant injured sites is a major challenge because of the limited number of scaffold cells that are available to guide neuroblast migration. To address this issue, we have developed an amphiphilic peptide [(RADA)3-(RADG)] (mRADA)-tagged N-cadherin extracellular domain (Ncad-mRADA), which can remain in mRADA hydrogels and be injected into deep brain tissue to facilitate neuroblast migration. Migrating neuroblasts directly contacted the fiber-like Ncad-mRADA hydrogel and efficiently migrated toward an injured site in the striatum, a deep brain area. Furthermore, application of Ncad-mRADA to neonatal cortical brain injury efficiently promoted neuronal regeneration and functional recovery. These results demonstrate that self-assembling Ncad-mRADA peptides mimic both the function and structure of endogenous scaffold cells and provide a novel strategy for regenerative therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuya Ohno
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Neurobiology, Institute of Brain Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8601, Japan; Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8601, Japan
| | - Chikako Nakajima
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Neurobiology, Institute of Brain Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8601, Japan
| | - Itsuki Ajioka
- Center for Brain Integration Research (CBIR), Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan; Kanagawa Institute of Industrial Science and Technology (KISTEC), Kanagawa, 243-0435, Japan
| | - Takahiro Muraoka
- Kanagawa Institute of Industrial Science and Technology (KISTEC), Kanagawa, 243-0435, Japan; Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8588, Japan
| | - Atsuya Yaguchi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8588, Japan
| | - Teppei Fujioka
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8601, Japan
| | - Saori Akimoto
- Center for Brain Integration Research (CBIR), Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan; Kanagawa Institute of Industrial Science and Technology (KISTEC), Kanagawa, 243-0435, Japan
| | - Misaki Matsuo
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Neurobiology, Institute of Brain Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8601, Japan
| | - Ahmed Lotfy
- Biotechnology and Life Sciences Department, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences (PSAS), Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62511, Egypt
| | - Sayuri Nakamura
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Neurobiology, Institute of Brain Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8601, Japan
| | - Vicente Herranz-Pérez
- Laboratory of Comparative Neurobiology, Cavanilles Institute, University of Valencia, CIBERNED, Valencia, 46980, Spain
| | - José Manuel García-Verdugo
- Laboratory of Comparative Neurobiology, Cavanilles Institute, University of Valencia, CIBERNED, Valencia, 46980, Spain
| | - Noriyuki Matsukawa
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8601, Japan
| | - Naoko Kaneko
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Neurobiology, Institute of Brain Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8601, Japan; Laboratory of Neuronal Regeneration, Graduate School of Brain Science, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Kyoto, 610-0394, Japan.
| | - Kazunobu Sawamoto
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Neurobiology, Institute of Brain Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8601, Japan; Division of Neural Development and Regeneration, National Institute of Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8585, Japan.
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22
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Extracellular Amyloid β-protein (1-42) Oligomers Anchor Brain Cells and Make them inert as an Unconventional Integrin-Coupled Ligand. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2023; 43:841-858. [PMID: 35445880 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-022-01219-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effect of extracellular Aβ42 on neural cell migration, and the possible molecular mechanisms. Extracellular Aβ42 monomers did not negatively affect the motility of neural cells; however, they could promote cell migration from toxic extracellular Aβ42 oligomers. Contrastingly, extracellular Aβ42 aggregates, especially Aβ42 oligomers, significantly decreased neural cell migration while reducing their survival. Further, their soluble and deposited states showed different effects in causing the neural cells to become inert (incapable of moving). These findings were consistent with that of binding of Aβ42 oligomers to the plasma membrane or integrin receptors of the inert cells. By combining the protection of cell migratory capability by anti-oligomeric Aβ42 scFv antibody with the information obtained from our docking model of the Aβ42 trimer and integrin molecule, our findings suggest that extracellular Aβ42 aggregates disrupt the function of integrins mainly through the RHDS motif of Aβ42 chain, which eventually causes neural cells to become inert. Thus, we propose an "anchor" opinion, where Aβ42 aggregates in the ECM serve as the adverse "anchors" in the brain for anchoring neurons and for making neural cells inert, which causes their dysfunction. The neural cells with damaged motility could be restored or repaired if these anchoring effects of extracellular Aβ42 aggregates on the neural cells were severed or reduced, even if the "anchors" themselves were not completely eliminated. Medicines targeting soluble and deposited anchors of Aβ42 aggregates could be developed into effective treatments for Alzheimer disease.
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23
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Fuchigami T, Itokazu Y, Morgan JC, Yu RK. Restoration of Adult Neurogenesis by Intranasal Administration of Gangliosides GD3 and GM1 in The Olfactory Bulb of A53T Alpha-Synuclein-Expressing Parkinson's-Disease Model Mice. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:3329-3344. [PMID: 36849668 PMCID: PMC10140382 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03282-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder affecting the body and mind of millions of people in the world. As PD progresses, bradykinesia, rigidity, and tremor worsen. These motor symptoms are associated with the neurodegeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. PD is also associated with non-motor symptoms, including loss of smell (hyposmia), sleep disturbances, depression, anxiety, and cognitive impairment. This broad spectrum of non-motor symptoms is in part due to olfactory and hippocampal dysfunctions. These non-motor functions are suggested to be linked with adult neurogenesis. We have reported that ganglioside GD3 is required to maintain the neural stem cell (NSC) pool in the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the lateral ventricles and the subgranular layer of the dentate gyrus (DG) in the hippocampus. In this study, we used nasal infusion of GD3 to restore impaired neurogenesis in A53T alpha-synuclein-expressing mice (A53T mice). Intriguingly, intranasal GD3 administration rescued the number of bromodeoxyuridine + (BrdU +)/Sox2 + NSCs in the SVZ. Furthermore, the administration of gangliosides GD3 and GM1 increases doublecortin (DCX)-expressing immature neurons in the olfactory bulb, and nasal ganglioside administration recovered the neuronal populations in the periglomerular layer of A53T mice. Given the relevance of decreased ganglioside on olfactory impairment, we discovered that GD3 has an essential role in olfactory functions. Our results demonstrated that intranasal GD3 infusion restored the self-renewal ability of the NSCs, and intranasal GM1 infusion promoted neurogenesis in the adult brain. Using a combination of GD3 and GM1 has the potential to slow down disease progression and rescue dysfunctional neurons in neurodegenerative brains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Fuchigami
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Yutaka Itokazu
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA.
| | - John C Morgan
- Movement Disorders Program, Parkinson's Foundation Center of Excellence, Department of Neurology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Robert K Yu
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
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24
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Neuroblasts migration under control of reactive astrocyte-derived BDNF: a promising therapy in late neurogenesis after traumatic brain injury. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:2. [PMID: 36600294 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-03232-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a disease with high mortality and morbidity, which leads to severe neurological dysfunction. Neurogenesis has provided therapeutic options for treating TBI. Brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plays a key role in neuroblasts migration. We aimed to investigate to the key regulating principle of BDNF in endogenous neuroblasts migration in a mouse TBI model. METHODS In this study, controlled cortical impact (CCI) mice (C57BL/6J) model was established to mimic TBI. The sham mice served as control. Immunofluorescence staining and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were performed on the CCI groups (day 1, 3, 7, 14 and 21 after CCI) and the sham group. All the data were analyzed with Student's t-test or one-way or two-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey's post hoc test. RESULTS Our results revealed that neuroblasts migration initiated as early as day 1, peaking at day 7, and persisted till day 21. The spatiotemporal profile of BDNF expression was similar to that of neuroblasts migration, and BDNF level following CCI was consistently higher in injured cortex than in subventricular zone (SVZ). Reactive astrocytes account for the major resource of BDNF along the migrating path, localized with neuroblasts in proximity. Moreover, injection of exogenous CC chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2), also known as monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, at random sites promoted neuroblasts migration and astrocytic BDNF expression in both normal and CCI mice (day 28). These provoked neuroblasts can also differentiate into mature neurons. CC chemokine ligand receptor 2 antagonist can restrain the neuroblasts migration after TBI. CONCLUSIONS Neuroblasts migrated along the activated astrocytic tunnel, directed by BDNF gradient between SVZ and injured cortex after TBI. CCL2 might be a key regulator in the above endogenous neuroblasts migration. Moreover, delayed CCL2 administration may provide a promising therapeutic strategy for late neurogenesis post-trauma.
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25
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Vijayanathan Y, Hamzah NM, Lim SM, Lim FT, Tan MP, Majeed ABA, Ramasamy K. Newly regenerated dopaminergic neurons in 6-OHDA-lesioned adult zebrafish brain proliferate in the Olfactory bulb and telencephalon, but migrate to, differentiate and mature in the diencephalon. Brain Res Bull 2022; 190:218-233. [PMID: 36228872 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2022.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In order to understand the biological processes underlying dopaminergic neurons (DpN) regeneration in a 6-hydroxydopamine(6-OHDA)-induced adult zebrafish-based Parkinson's disease model, this study investigated the specific phases of neuroregeneration in a time-based manner. Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) was administered 24 h before the harvest of brain tissues at day three, five, seven, nine, 12 and 14 postlesion. Potential migration of proliferative cells was tracked over 14 days postlesion through double-pulse tracking [BrdU and 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU)] of cells and immunohistostaining of astrocytes [glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)]. Gene expression of foxa2 and nurr1 (nr4a2a) at day three, nine, 14, 18, 22 and 30 postlesion was quantified using qPCR. Protein expression of foxa2 at day three, seven, 14 and 22 postlesion was validated using the western blot technique. Double labelling [EdU and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)] of proliferative cells was performed to ascertain their fate after the neuroregeneration processes. It was found that whilst cell proliferation remained unchanged in the area of substantial DpN loss, the ventral diencephalon (vDn), there was a transient increase of cell proliferation in the olfactory bulb (OB) and telencephalon (Tel) seven days postlesion. BrdU-immunoreactive (ir)/ EdU-ir cells and activated astrocytes were later found to be significantly increased in the vDn and its nearby area (Tel) 14 days postlesion. There was a significant but transient downregulation of foxa2 at day three and nine postlesion, and nr4a2a at day three, nine and 14 postlesion. The expression of both genes remained unchanged in the OB and Tel. There was a transient downregulation of foxa2 protein expression at day three and seven postlesion. The significant increase of EdU-ir/ TH-ir cells in the vDn 30 days postlesion indicates maturation of proliferative cells (formed between day five-seven postlesion) into DpN. The present findings warrant future investigation of critical factors that govern the distinctive phases of DpN regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuganthini Vijayanathan
- Collaborative Drug Discovery Research (CDDR) Group and Brain Degeneration and Therapeutics Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Cawangan Selangor, Kampus Puncak Alam, 42300 Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Naemah Md Hamzah
- Collaborative Drug Discovery Research (CDDR) Group and Brain Degeneration and Therapeutics Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Cawangan Selangor, Kampus Puncak Alam, 42300 Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Siong Meng Lim
- Collaborative Drug Discovery Research (CDDR) Group and Brain Degeneration and Therapeutics Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Cawangan Selangor, Kampus Puncak Alam, 42300 Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Fei Ting Lim
- Collaborative Drug Discovery Research (CDDR) Group and Brain Degeneration and Therapeutics Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Cawangan Selangor, Kampus Puncak Alam, 42300 Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Maw Pin Tan
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Abu Bakar Abdul Majeed
- Collaborative Drug Discovery Research (CDDR) Group and Brain Degeneration and Therapeutics Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Cawangan Selangor, Kampus Puncak Alam, 42300 Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| | - Kalavathy Ramasamy
- Collaborative Drug Discovery Research (CDDR) Group and Brain Degeneration and Therapeutics Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Cawangan Selangor, Kampus Puncak Alam, 42300 Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
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26
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Lilienberg J, Apáti Á, Réthelyi JM, Homolya L. Microglia modulate proliferation, neurite generation and differentiation of human neural progenitor cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:997028. [DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.997028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia, the primary immune cells of the brain, significantly influence the fate of neurons after neural damage. Depending on the local environment, they exhibit a wide range of phenotypes, including patrolling (naïve), proinflammatory, and anti-inflammatory characteristics, which greatly affects neurotoxicity. Despite the fact that neural progenitor cells (NPCs) and hippocampal neurons represent cell populations, which play pivotal role in neural regeneration, interaction between microglia and these cell types is poorly studied. In the present work, we investigated how microglial cells affect the proliferation and neurite outgrowth of human stem cell-derived NPCs, and how microglia stimulation with proinflammatory or anti-inflammatory agents modulates this interaction. We found that naïve microglia slightly diminish NPC proliferation and have no effect on neurite outgrowth. In contrast, proinflammatory stimulated microglia promote both proliferation and neurite generation, whereas microglia stimulated with anti-inflammatory cytokines augment neurite outgrowth leaving NPC proliferation unaffected. We also studied how microglia influence neurite development and differentiation of hippocampal dentate gyrus granule cells differentiated from NPCs. We found that proinflammatory stimulated microglia inhibit axonal development but facilitate dendrite generation in these differentiating neurons. Our results elucidate a fine-tuned modulatory effect of microglial cells on cell types crucial for neural regeneration, opening perspectives for novel regenerative therapeutic interventions.
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27
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Shibata Y, Kumamoto N, Sakuma E, Ishida Y, Ueda T, Shimada S, Ugawa S. A gain-of-function mutation in the acid-sensing ion channel 2a induces marked cerebellar maldevelopment in rats. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 610:77-84. [PMID: 35447498 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Specific amino acid substitutions in degenerin mechano-gated channels (DEGs) of C. elegans convert these channels into constitutively active mutants that induce the degeneration of neurons where DEGs are expressed. Acid-sensing ion channel-2a (ASIC2a), a proton-gated cation channel predominantly expressed in central neurons, is a mammalian ortholog of DEGs, and it can remain unclosed to be cytotoxic once the same mutations as the DEG mutants are introduced into its gene. Here we show that heterozygous transgenic (Tg) rats expressing ASIC2a-G430F (ASIC2aG430F), the most active form of the gain-of-function mutants, under the control of the intrinsic ASIC2a promoter exhibited marked cerebellar maldevelopment with mild whole-brain atrophy. The Tg rats were small and developed an early-onset ataxic gait, as evidenced by rotarod and footprint tests. The overall gross-anatomy of the Tg brain was normal just after birth, but a reduction in brain volume, especially cerebellar volume, gradually emerged with age. Histological examination of the adult Tg brain revealed that the cell-densities of cerebellar Purkinje and granule cells were markedly reduced, while the cytoarchitecture of other brain regions was not significantly altered. RT-PCR and immunoblot analyses demonstrated that ASIC2aG430F transcripts and proteins were already present in various regions of the neonatal Tg brain before the deforming cerebellum became apparent. These results suggest that, according to the spatiotemporal pattern of the wild-type (WT) ASIC2a gene expression, the ASIC2aG430F channel induced lethal degeneration in Tg brain neurons expressing both ASIC2aG430F and ASIC2a channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Shibata
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8601, Japan
| | - Natsuko Kumamoto
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8601, Japan
| | - Eisuke Sakuma
- Department of Integrative Anatomy, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8601, Japan
| | - Yusuke Ishida
- Division of Histology and Anatomy, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-4-1 Komatsushima, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 981-8558, Japan
| | - Takashi Ueda
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8601, Japan
| | - Shoichi Shimada
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan; Addiction Research Unit, Osaka Psychiatric Research Center, Osaka Psychiatric Medical Center, Osaka, 541-8567, Japan
| | - Shinya Ugawa
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8601, Japan.
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28
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Yan Y, Dai W, Mei Q. Multicentric Glioma: An Ideal Model to Reveal the Mechanism of Glioma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:798018. [PMID: 35747806 PMCID: PMC9209746 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.798018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As a special type of glioma, multicentric glioma provides an ideal pathological model for glioma research. According to the stem-cell-origin theory, multiple lesions of multicentric glioma share the same neuro-oncological origin, both in gene level and in cell level. Although the number of studies focusing on genetic evolution in gliomas with the model of multicentric gliomas were limited, some mutations, including IDH1 mutations, TERTp mutations and PTEN deletions, are found to be at an early stage in the process of genetic aberrance during glioma evolution based on the results of these studies. This article reviews the clinical reports and genetic studies of multicentric glioma, and intends to explain the various clinical phenomena of multicentric glioma from the perspective of genetic aberrance accumulation and tumor cell evolution. The malignant degree of a glioma is determined by both the tumorigenicity of early mutant genes, and the stemness of early suffered cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Yan
- Departmentof Neurosurgery, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Dai
- Departmentof Neurosurgery, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiyong Mei
- Departmentof Neurosurgery, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
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29
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Immediate Early Gene c-fos in the Brain: Focus on Glial Cells. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12060687. [PMID: 35741573 PMCID: PMC9221432 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12060687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The c-fos gene was first described as a proto-oncogene responsible for the induction of bone tumors. A few decades ago, activation of the protein product c-fos was reported in the brain after seizures and other noxious stimuli. Since then, multiple studies have used c-fos as a brain activity marker. Although it has been attributed to neurons, growing evidence demonstrates that c-fos expression in the brain may also include glial cells. In this review, we collect data showing that glial cells also express this proto-oncogene. We present evidence demonstrating that at least astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and microglia express this immediate early gene (IEG). Unlike neurons, whose expression changes used to be associated with depolarization, glial cells seem to express the c-fos proto-oncogene under the influence of proliferation, differentiation, growth, inflammation, repair, damage, plasticity, and other conditions. The collected evidence provides a complementary view of c-fos as an activity marker and urges the introduction of the glial cell perspective into brain activity studies. This glial cell view may provide additional information related to the brain microenvironment that is difficult to obtain from the isolated neuron paradigm. Thus, it is highly recommended that detection techniques are improved in order to better differentiate the phenotypes expressing c-fos in the brain and to elucidate the specific roles of c-fos expression in glial cells.
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30
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Hwang Y, Kim HC, Shin EJ. BKM120 alters the migration of doublecortin-positive cells in the dentate gyrus of mice. Pharmacol Res 2022; 179:106226. [PMID: 35460881 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BKM120 is an inhibitor of class I phosphoinositide 3-kinases and its anti-cancer effects have been demonstrated in various solid cancer models. BKM120 is highly brain permeable and has been reported to induce mood disturbances in clinical trials. Therefore, we examined whether BKM120 produces anxiety- and depression-like behaviors in mice, as with patients receiving BKM120 in clinical trials. In this study, repeated BKM120 treatment (2.0 or 5.0mg/kg, i.p., five times at 12-h interval) significantly induced anxiety- and depression-like behaviors in mice. Although abnormal changes in hippocampal neurogenesis have been suggested to, at least in part, associated with the pathogenesis of depression and anxiety, BKM120 did not affect the incorporation of 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine or the expression of doublecortin (DCX); however, it significantly enhanced the radial migration of DCX-positive cells in the dentate gyrus. BKM120-induced changes in migration were not accompanied by obvious neuronal damage in the hippocampus. Importantly, BKM120-induced anxiety- and depression-like behaviors were positively correlated with the extent of DCX-positive cell migration. Concomitantly, p-Akt expression was significantly decreased in the dentate gyrus. Moreover, the expression of p-c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), p-DCX, and Ras homolog family member A (RhoA)-GTP decreased significantly, particularly in aberrantly migrated DCX-positive cells. Together, the results suggest that repeated BKM120 treatment enhances the radial migration of DCX-positive cells and induces anxiety- and depression-like behaviors by regulating the activity of Akt, JNK, DCX, and RhoA in the dentate gyrus. It also suggests that the altered migration of adult-born neurons in the dentate gyrus plays a role in mood disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeonggwang Hwang
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung-Chun Kim
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea.
| | - Eun-Joo Shin
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea.
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The Role of Interstitial Fluid Pressure in Cerebral Porous Biomaterial Integration. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12040417. [PMID: 35447953 PMCID: PMC9040716 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12040417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in biomaterials offer new possibilities for brain tissue reconstruction. Biocompatibility, provision of cell adhesion motives and mechanical properties are among the present main design criteria. We here propose a radically new and potentially major element determining biointegration of porous biomaterials: the favorable effect of interstitial fluid pressure (IFP). The force applied by the lymphatic system through the interstitial fluid pressure on biomaterial integration has mostly been neglected so far. We hypothesize it has the potential to force 3D biointegration of porous biomaterials. In this study, we develop a capillary hydrostatic device to apply controlled in vitro interstitial fluid pressure and study its effect during 3D tissue culture. We find that the IFP is a key player in porous biomaterial tissue integration, at physiological IFP levels, surpassing the known effect of cell adhesion motives. Spontaneous electrical activity indicates that the culture conditions are not harmful for the cells. Our work identifies interstitial fluid pressure at physiological negative values as a potential main driver for tissue integration into porous biomaterials. We anticipate that controlling the IFP level could narrow the gap between in vivo and in vitro and therefore decrease the need for animal screening in biomaterial design.
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Deciphering heterogeneous populations of migrating cells based on the computational assessment of their dynamic properties. Stem Cell Reports 2022; 17:911-923. [PMID: 35303437 PMCID: PMC9023771 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2022.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal migration is a highly dynamic process, and multiple cell movement metrics can be extracted from time-lapse imaging datasets. However, these parameters alone are often insufficient to evaluate the heterogeneity of neuroblast populations. We developed an analytical pipeline based on reducing the dimensions of the dataset by principal component analysis (PCA) and determining sub-populations using k-means, supported by the elbow criterion method and validated by a decision tree algorithm. We showed that neuroblasts derived from the same adult neural stem cell (NSC) lineage as well as across different lineages are heterogeneous and can be sub-divided into different clusters based on their dynamic properties. Interestingly, we also observed overlapping clusters for neuroblasts derived from different NSC lineages. We further showed that genetic perturbations or environmental stimuli affect the migratory properties of neuroblasts in a sub-cluster-specific manner. Our data thus provide a framework for assessing the heterogeneity of migrating neuroblasts. Pipeline to study the heterogeneity of migrating cells based on their dynamic properties Neuroblasts derived from the same neural stem cell (NSC) lineage are heterogeneous Neuroblasts derived from different NSC lineages have overlapping and distinct clusters These clusters are differently affected by genetic factors or environmental stimuli
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Lodovichi C, Ratto GM, Trevelyan AJ, Arosio D. Genetically encoded sensors for Chloride concentration. J Neurosci Methods 2022; 368:109455. [PMID: 34952088 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2021.109455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Insights into chloride regulation in neurons have come slowly, but they are likely to be critical for our understanding of how the brain works. The reason is that the intracellular Cl- level ([Cl-]i) is the key determinant of synaptic inhibitory function, and this in turn dictates all manner of neuronal network function. The true impact on the network will only be apparent, however, if Cl- is measured at many locations at once (multiple neurons, and also across the subcellular compartments of single neurons), which realistically, can only be achieved using imaging. The development of genetically-encoded anion biosensors (GABs) brings the additional benefit that Cl- imaging may be done in identified cell-classes and hopefully in subcellular compartments. Here, we describe the historical background and motivation behind the development of these sensors and how they have been used so far. There are, however, still major limitations for their use, the most important being the fact that all GABs are sensitive to both pH and Cl-. Disambiguating the two signals has proved a major challenge, but there are potential solutions; notable among these is ClopHensor, which has now been developed for in vivo measurements of both ion species. We also speculate on how these biosensors may yet be improved, and how this could advance our understanding of Cl- regulation and its impact on brain function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Lodovichi
- Neuroscience Institute-CNR, Depart. Biomedical Sciences, Unipd, Padova, Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova Neuroscience Center, Padova, Italy.
| | - Gian Michele Ratto
- National Enterprise for nanoScience and nanoTechnology (NEST), Istituto Nanoscienze, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR) and Scuola Normale Superiore Pisa, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Andrew J Trevelyan
- Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Daniele Arosio
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto di Biofisica, 38123 Trento, Italy.
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Kaneko H, Namihira M, Yamamoto S, Numata N, Hyodo K. Oral administration of cyclic glycyl-proline facilitates task learning in a rat stroke model. Behav Brain Res 2022; 417:113561. [PMID: 34509530 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Cyclic glycyl-proline (cGP) exerts neuroprotective effects against ischemic stroke and may promote neural plasticity or network remodeling. We sought to determine to what extent oral administration of cGP could facilitate task learning in rats with ischemic lesions. We trained rats to perform a choice reaction time task using their forepaws. One week after changing the food to pellets containing cGP (no cGP: 0 mg/kg; low cGP: 25 mg/kg; and high cGP: 75 mg/kg), we made a focal ischemic lesion on the left or right forepaw area of the sensorimotor cortex. After recovery of task performance, we altered the correct-response side of the task, and then analyzed the number of training days required for the rat to reach a learning criterion (error rate < 15%) and the regulation of adult neurogenesis in the subventricular zones (SVZs), taking lesion size into account. The low-cGP group required fewer training days for task learning than the no-cGP group. Unexpectedly, rats with larger lesions required fewer training days in the no-cGP and low-cGP groups, but more training days in the high-cGP group. The number of Ki67-immunopositive cells (indicating proliferative cells) in ipsilesional SVZ increased more rapidly in the low-cGP and high-cGP groups than in the no-cGP group. However, lesion size had only a small effect on required training days and the number of Ki67-immunopositive cells. We conclude that oral administration of cGP can facilitate task learning in rats with focal ischemic infarction through neural plasticity and network remodeling, even with minimal neuroprotective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidekazu Kaneko
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Ibaraki, Japan.
| | - Masakazu Namihira
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Ibaraki, Japan
| | | | | | - Koji Hyodo
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Ibaraki, Japan
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35
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Abrous DN, Koehl M, Lemoine M. A Baldwin interpretation of adult hippocampal neurogenesis: from functional relevance to physiopathology. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:383-402. [PMID: 34103674 PMCID: PMC8960398 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01172-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Hippocampal adult neurogenesis has been associated to many cognitive, emotional, and behavioral functions and dysfunctions, and its status as a selected effect or an "appendix of the brain" has been debated. In this review, we propose to understand hippocampal neurogenesis as the process underlying the "Baldwin effect", a particular situation in evolution where fitness does not rely on the natural selection of genetic traits, but on "ontogenetic adaptation" to a changing environment. This supports the view that a strong distinction between developmental and adult hippocampal neurogenesis is made. We propose that their functions are the constitution and the lifelong adaptation, respectively, of a basic repertoire of cognitive and emotional behaviors. This lifelong adaptation occurs through new forms of binding, i.e., association or dissociation of more basic elements. This distinction further suggests that a difference is made between developmental vulnerability (or resilience), stemming from dysfunctional (or highly functional) developmental hippocampal neurogenesis, and adult vulnerability (or resilience), stemming from dysfunctional (or highly functional) adult hippocampal neurogenesis. According to this hypothesis, developmental and adult vulnerability are distinct risk factors for various mental disorders in adults. This framework suggests new avenues for research on hippocampal neurogenesis and its implication in mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Djoher Nora Abrous
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, Neurogenesis and Pathophysiology group, F-33000, Bordeaux, France.
| | - Muriel Koehl
- grid.412041.20000 0001 2106 639XUniv. Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, Neurogenesis and Pathophysiology group, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Maël Lemoine
- grid.412041.20000 0001 2106 639XUniversity Bordeaux, CNRS, ImmunoConcEpT, UMR 5164, Bordeaux, France
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36
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Stoiber P, Scribani Rossi P, Pokharel N, Germany JL, York EA, Schaus SE, Hansen U. Factor quinolinone inhibitors alter cell morphology and motility by destabilizing interphase microtubules. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23564. [PMID: 34876605 PMCID: PMC8651680 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02962-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Factor quinolinone inhibitors are promising anti-cancer compounds, initially characterized as specific inhibitors of the oncogenic transcription factor LSF (TFCP2). These compounds exert anti-proliferative activity at least in part by disrupting mitotic spindles. Herein, we report additional interphase consequences of the initial lead compound, FQI1, in two telomerase immortalized cell lines. Within minutes of FQI1 addition, the microtubule network is disrupted, resulting in a substantial, although not complete, depletion of microtubules as evidenced both by microtubule sedimentation assays and microscopy. Surprisingly, this microtubule breakdown is quickly followed by an increase in tubulin acetylation in the remaining microtubules. The sudden breakdown and partial depolymerization of the microtubule network precedes FQI1-induced morphological changes. These involve rapid reduction of cell spreading of interphase fetal hepatocytes and increase in circularity of retinal pigment epithelial cells. Microtubule depolymerization gives rise to FH-B cell compaction, as pretreatment with taxol prevents this morphological change. Finally, FQI1 decreases the rate and range of locomotion of interphase cells, supporting an impact of FQI1-induced microtubule breakdown on cell motility. Taken together, our results show that FQI1 interferes with microtubule-associated functions in interphase, specifically cell morphology and motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Stoiber
- grid.189504.10000 0004 1936 7558MCBB Graduate Program, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215 USA ,grid.189504.10000 0004 1936 7558Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215 USA
| | - Pietro Scribani Rossi
- grid.189504.10000 0004 1936 7558Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215 USA ,grid.7841.aPresent Address: Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Niranjana Pokharel
- grid.189504.10000 0004 1936 7558Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215 USA ,grid.189504.10000 0004 1936 7558Center for Molecular Discovery, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215 USA
| | - Jean-Luc Germany
- grid.189504.10000 0004 1936 7558Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215 USA
| | - Emily A. York
- grid.189504.10000 0004 1936 7558Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215 USA ,grid.189504.10000 0004 1936 7558Center for Molecular Discovery, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215 USA
| | - Scott E. Schaus
- grid.189504.10000 0004 1936 7558Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215 USA ,grid.189504.10000 0004 1936 7558Center for Molecular Discovery, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215 USA
| | - Ulla Hansen
- MCBB Graduate Program, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA. .,Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
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37
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Kulchitsky VA, Zamaro AS, Shanko YG, Rubakhova VM. Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Activation of Reparative Processes in the Brain and Retina. J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022093021050185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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38
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Hakanen J, Parmentier N, Sommacal L, Garcia-Sanchez D, Aittaleb M, Vertommen D, Zhou L, Ruiz-Reig N, Tissir F. The Celsr3-Kif2a axis directs neuronal migration in the postnatal brain. Prog Neurobiol 2021; 208:102177. [PMID: 34582949 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2021.102177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The tangential migration of immature neurons in the postnatal brain involves consecutive migration cycles and depends on constant remodeling of the cell cytoskeleton, particularly in the leading process (LP). Despite the identification of several proteins with permissive and empowering functions, the mechanisms that specify the direction of migration remain largely unknown. Here, we report that planar cell polarity protein Celsr3 orients neuroblasts migration from the subventricular zone (SVZ) to olfactory bulb (OB). In Celsr3-forebrain conditional knockout mice, neuroblasts loose directionality and few can reach the OB. Celsr3-deficient neuroblasts exhibit aberrant branching of LP, de novo LP formation, and decreased growth rate of microtubules (MT). Mechanistically, we show that Celsr3 interacts physically with Kif2a, a MT depolymerizing protein and that conditional inactivation of Kif2a in the forebrain recapitulates the Celsr3 knockout phenotype. Our findings provide evidence that Celsr3 and Kif2a cooperatively specify the directionality of neuroblasts tangential migration in the postnatal brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janne Hakanen
- Université catholique de Louvain, Institute of Neuroscience, Developmental Neurobiology, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Parmentier
- Université catholique de Louvain, Institute of Neuroscience, Developmental Neurobiology, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Leonie Sommacal
- Université catholique de Louvain, Institute of Neuroscience, Developmental Neurobiology, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Dario Garcia-Sanchez
- Université catholique de Louvain, Institute of Neuroscience, Developmental Neurobiology, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mohamed Aittaleb
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Didier Vertommen
- Université catholique de Louvain, de Duve Institute, Massprot Platform, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Libing Zhou
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China
| | - Nuria Ruiz-Reig
- Université catholique de Louvain, Institute of Neuroscience, Developmental Neurobiology, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Fadel Tissir
- Université catholique de Louvain, Institute of Neuroscience, Developmental Neurobiology, Brussels, Belgium; College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar.
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39
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Rougier NP, Detorakis GI. Randomized Self-Organizing Map. Neural Comput 2021; 33:2241-2273. [PMID: 34310672 DOI: 10.1162/neco_a_01406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
We propose a variation of the self-organizing map algorithm by considering the random placement of neurons on a two-dimensional manifold, following a blue noise distribution from which various topologies can be derived. These topologies possess random (but controllable) discontinuities that allow for a more flexible self-organization, especially with high-dimensional data. The proposed algorithm is tested on one-, two- and three-dimensional tasks, as well as on the MNIST handwritten digits data set and validated using spectral analysis and topological data analysis tools. We also demonstrate the ability of the randomized self-organizing map to gracefully reorganize itself in case of neural lesion and/or neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas P Rougier
- Inria Bordeaux Sud-Ouest, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Université de Bordeaux, CNRS UMR 5293, and LaBRI, Université de Bordeaux, Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux, CNRS UMR 5800
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40
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An implantable human stem cell-derived tissue-engineered rostral migratory stream for directed neuronal replacement. Commun Biol 2021; 4:879. [PMID: 34267315 PMCID: PMC8282659 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02392-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The rostral migratory stream (RMS) facilitates neuroblast migration from the subventricular zone to the olfactory bulb throughout adulthood. Brain lesions attract neuroblast migration out of the RMS, but resultant regeneration is insufficient. Increasing neuroblast migration into lesions has improved recovery in rodent studies. We previously developed techniques for fabricating an astrocyte-based Tissue-Engineered RMS (TE-RMS) intended to redirect endogenous neuroblasts into distal brain lesions for sustained neuronal replacement. Here, we demonstrate that astrocyte-like-cells can be derived from adult human gingiva mesenchymal stem cells and used for TE-RMS fabrication. We report that key proteins enriched in the RMS are enriched in TE-RMSs. Furthermore, the human TE-RMS facilitates directed migration of immature neurons in vitro. Finally, human TE-RMSs implanted in athymic rat brains redirect migration of neuroblasts out of the endogenous RMS. By emulating the brain’s most efficient means for directing neuroblast migration, the TE-RMS offers a promising new approach to neuroregenerative medicine. O’Donnell et al. describe their Tissue-Engineered Rostral Migratory Stream (TE-RMS) comprised of human astrocyte-like cells that can be derived from adult gingival stem cells within one week, which reorganizes into bundles of bidirectional, longitudinally-aligned astrocytes to emulate the endogenous RMS. Establishing immature neuronal migration in vitro and in vivo, their study demonstrates surgical feasibility and proof-of-concept evidence for this nascent technology.
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41
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Lin MS, Chiu IH, Lin CC. Ultrarapid Inflammation of the Olfactory Bulb After Spinal Cord Injury: Protective Effects of the Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor on Early Neurodegeneration in the Brain. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:701702. [PMID: 34248610 PMCID: PMC8267925 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.701702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The correlation among olfactory dysfunction, spinal cord injury (SCI), subjective cognitive decline, and neurodegenerative dementia has been established. Impaired olfaction is considered a marker for neurodegeneration. Hence, there is a need to examine if SCI leads to olfactory dysfunction. In this study, the brain tissue of mice with spinal cord hemisection injury was subjected to microarray analysis. The mRNA expression levels of olfactory receptors in the brain began to decline at 8 h post-SCI. SCI promoted neuroinflammation, downregulated the expression of olfactory receptors, decreased the number of neural stem cells (NSCs), and inhibited the production of neurotrophic factors in the olfactory bulbs at 8 h post-SCI. In particular, the SCI group had upregulated mRNA and protein expression levels of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP; a marker of astrocyte reactivation) and pro-inflammatory mediators [IL-1β, IL-6, and Nestin (marker of NSCs)] in the olfactory bulb compared to levels in the sham control group. The mRNA expression levels of olfactory receptors (Olfr1494, Olfr1324, Olfr1241, and Olfr979) and neurotrophic factors [brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), and nerve growth factor (NGF)] were downregulated in the olfactory bulb of the SCI group mice at 8 h post-SCI. The administration of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) mitigated these SCI-induced pathological changes in the olfactory bulb at 8 h post-SCI. These results indicate that the olfactory bulb is vulnerable to environmental damage even if the lesion is located at sites distant from the brain, such as the spinal cord. Additionally, SCI initiated pathological processes, including inflammatory response, and impaired neurogenesis, at an early stage. The findings of this study will provide a basis for future studies on pathological mechanisms of early neurodegenerative diseases involving the olfactory bulb and enable early clinical drug intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muh-Shi Lin
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Kuang Tien General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science, College of Bioresources, National Ilan University, Yilan, Taiwan.,Department of Biotechnology, College of Medical and Health Care, Hung Kuang University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Health Business Administration, College of Medical and Health Care, Hung Kuang University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - I-Hsiang Chiu
- Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science, College of Bioresources, National Ilan University, Yilan, Taiwan
| | - Chai-Ching Lin
- Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science, College of Bioresources, National Ilan University, Yilan, Taiwan
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42
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Melrose J, Hayes AJ, Bix G. The CNS/PNS Extracellular Matrix Provides Instructive Guidance Cues to Neural Cells and Neuroregulatory Proteins in Neural Development and Repair. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5583. [PMID: 34070424 PMCID: PMC8197505 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The extracellular matrix of the PNS/CNS is unusual in that it is dominated by glycosaminoglycans, especially hyaluronan, whose space filling and hydrating properties make essential contributions to the functional properties of this tissue. Hyaluronan has a relatively simple structure but its space-filling properties ensure micro-compartments are maintained in the brain ultrastructure, ensuring ionic niches and gradients are maintained for optimal cellular function. Hyaluronan has cell-instructive, anti-inflammatory properties and forms macro-molecular aggregates with the lectican CS-proteoglycans, forming dense protective perineuronal net structures that provide neural and synaptic plasticity and support cognitive learning. AIMS To highlight the central nervous system/peripheral nervous system (CNS/PNS) and its diverse extracellular and cell-associated proteoglycans that have cell-instructive properties regulating neural repair processes and functional recovery through interactions with cell adhesive molecules, receptors and neuroregulatory proteins. Despite a general lack of stabilising fibrillar collagenous and elastic structures in the CNS/PNS, a sophisticated dynamic extracellular matrix is nevertheless important in tissue form and function. CONCLUSIONS This review provides examples of the sophistication of the CNS/PNS extracellular matrix, showing how it maintains homeostasis and regulates neural repair and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Melrose
- Raymond Purves Bone and Joint Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute, Northern Sydney Local Health District, St. Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, Northern, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia
| | - Anthony J. Hayes
- Bioimaging Research Hub, Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK;
| | - Gregory Bix
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Departments of Neurosurgery and Neurology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA;
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Altered Cl - homeostasis hinders forebrain GABAergic interneuron migration in a mouse model of intellectual disability. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2016034118. [PMID: 33376209 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2016034118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Impairments of inhibitory circuits are at the basis of most, if not all, cognitive deficits. The impact of OPHN1, a gene associate with intellectual disability (ID), on inhibitory neurons remains elusive. We addressed this issue by analyzing the postnatal migration of inhibitory interneurons derived from the subventricular zone in a validated mouse model of ID (OPHN1-/y mice). We found that the speed and directionality of migrating neuroblasts were deeply perturbed in OPHN1-/y mice. The significant reduction in speed was due to altered chloride (Cl-) homeostasis, while the overactivation of the OPHN1 downstream signaling pathway, RhoA kinase (ROCK), caused abnormalities in the directionality of the neuroblast progression in mutants. Blocking the cation-Cl- cotransporter KCC2 almost completely rescued the migration speed while proper directionality was restored upon ROCK inhibition. Our data unveil a strong impact of OPHN1 on GABAergic inhibitory interneurons and identify putative targets for successful therapeutic approaches.
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Kostin A, Alam MA, McGinty D, Alam MN. Adult hypothalamic neurogenesis and sleep-wake dysfunction in aging. Sleep 2021; 44:5986548. [PMID: 33202015 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsaa173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In the mammalian brain, adult neurogenesis has been extensively studied in the hippocampal sub-granular zone and the sub-ventricular zone of the anterolateral ventricles. However, growing evidence suggests that new cells are not only "born" constitutively in the adult hypothalamus, but many of these cells also differentiate into neurons and glia and serve specific functions. The preoptic-hypothalamic area plays a central role in the regulation of many critical functions, including sleep-wakefulness and circadian rhythms. While a role for adult hippocampal neurogenesis in regulating hippocampus-dependent functions, including cognition, has been extensively studied, adult hypothalamic neurogenic process and its contributions to various hypothalamic functions, including sleep-wake regulation are just beginning to unravel. This review is aimed at providing the current understanding of the hypothalamic adult neurogenic processes and the extent to which it affects hypothalamic functions, including sleep-wake regulation. We propose that hypothalamic neurogenic processes are vital for maintaining the proper functioning of the hypothalamic sleep-wake and circadian systems in the face of regulatory challenges. Sleep-wake disturbance is a frequent and challenging problem of aging and age-related neurodegenerative diseases. Aging is also associated with a decline in the neurogenic process. We discuss a hypothesis that a decrease in the hypothalamic neurogenic process underlies the aging of its sleep-wake and circadian systems and associated sleep-wake disturbance. We further discuss whether neuro-regenerative approaches, including pharmacological and non-pharmacological stimulation of endogenous neural stem and progenitor cells in hypothalamic neurogenic niches, can be used for mitigating sleep-wake and other hypothalamic dysfunctions in aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Kostin
- Research Service (151A3), Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Sepulveda, CA
| | - Md Aftab Alam
- Research Service (151A3), Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Sepulveda, CA.,Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Dennis McGinty
- Research Service (151A3), Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Sepulveda, CA.,Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Md Noor Alam
- Research Service (151A3), Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Sepulveda, CA.,Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
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Bálentová S, Hnilicová P, Kalenská D, Baranovičová E, Muríň P, Hajtmanová E, Adamkov M. Effect of fractionated whole-brain irradiation on brain and plasma in a rat model: Metabolic, volumetric and histopathological changes. Neurochem Int 2021; 145:104985. [PMID: 33582163 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2021.104985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we investigated the correlation between histopathological, metabolic, and volumetric changes in the brain and plasma under experimental conditions. Adult male Wistar rats received fractionated whole-brain irradiation (fWBI) with a total dose of 32 Gy delivered in 4 fractions (dose 8 Gy per fraction) once a week on the same day for 4 consecutive weeks. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS) and imaging were used to detect metabolic and volumetric changes in the brain and plasma. Histopathological changes in the brain were determined by image analysis of immunofluorescent stained sections. Metabolic changes in the brain measured by 1H MRS before, 48 h, and 9 weeks after the end of fWBI showed a significant decrease in the ratio of total N-acetylaspartate to total creatine (tNAA/tCr) in the corpus striatum. We found a significant decrease in glutamine + glutamate/tCr (Glx/tCr) and, conversely, an increase in gamma-aminobutyric acid to tCr (GABA/tCr) in olfactory bulb (OB). The ratio of astrocyte marker myoinositol/tCr (mIns/tCr) significantly increased in almost all evaluated areas. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based brain volumetry showed a significant increase in volume, and a concomitant increase in the T2 relaxation time of the hippocampus. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) plasma metabolomics displayed a significant decrease in the level of glucose and glycolytic intermediates and an increase in ketone bodies. The histomorphological analysis showed a decrease to elimination of neuroblasts, increased astrocyte proliferation, and a mild microglia response. The results of the study clearly reflect early subacute changes 9-11 weeks after fWBI with strong manifestations of brain edema, astrogliosis, and ongoing ketosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soňa Bálentová
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Malá Hora 4, 036 01, Martin, Slovak Republic.
| | - Petra Hnilicová
- Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Malá Hora 4D, 036 01, Martin, Slovak Republic
| | - Dagmar Kalenská
- Department of Anatomy, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Malá Hora 4, 036 01, Martin, Slovak Republic
| | - Eva Baranovičová
- Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Malá Hora 4D, 036 01, Martin, Slovak Republic
| | - Peter Muríň
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Martin University Hospital, Kollárova 2, 036 59, Martin, Slovak Republic
| | - Eva Hajtmanová
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Martin University Hospital, Kollárova 2, 036 59, Martin, Slovak Republic
| | - Marian Adamkov
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Malá Hora 4, 036 01, Martin, Slovak Republic
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Bressan C, Saghatelyan A. Intrinsic Mechanisms Regulating Neuronal Migration in the Postnatal Brain. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 14:620379. [PMID: 33519385 PMCID: PMC7838331 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.620379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuronal migration is a fundamental brain development process that allows cells to move from their birthplaces to their sites of integration. Although neuronal migration largely ceases during embryonic and early postnatal development, neuroblasts continue to be produced and to migrate to a few regions of the adult brain such as the dentate gyrus and the subventricular zone (SVZ). In the SVZ, a large number of neuroblasts migrate into the olfactory bulb (OB) along the rostral migratory stream (RMS). Neuroblasts migrate in chains in a tightly organized micro-environment composed of astrocytes that ensheath the chains of neuroblasts and regulate their migration; the blood vessels that are used by neuroblasts as a physical scaffold and a source of molecular factors; and axons that modulate neuronal migration. In addition to diverse sets of extrinsic micro-environmental cues, long-distance neuronal migration involves a number of intrinsic mechanisms, including membrane and cytoskeleton remodeling, Ca2+ signaling, mitochondria dynamics, energy consumption, and autophagy. All these mechanisms are required to cope with the different micro-environment signals and maintain cellular homeostasis in order to sustain the proper dynamics of migrating neuroblasts and their faithful arrival in the target regions. Neuroblasts in the postnatal brain not only migrate into the OB but may also deviate from their normal path to migrate to a site of injury induced by a stroke or by certain neurodegenerative disorders. In this review, we will focus on the intrinsic mechanisms that regulate long-distance neuroblast migration in the adult brain and on how these pathways may be modulated to control the recruitment of neuroblasts to damaged/diseased brain areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cedric Bressan
- CERVO Brain Research Center, Quebec City, QC, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Armen Saghatelyan
- CERVO Brain Research Center, Quebec City, QC, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
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47
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Ribeiro FF, Xapelli S. An Overview of Adult Neurogenesis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1331:77-94. [PMID: 34453294 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-74046-7_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Neurogenesis is maintained in the mammalian brain throughout adulthood in two main regions: the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the lateral ventricles and the subgranular zone (SGZ) of the hippocampal dentate gyrus. Adult neurogenesis is a process composed of multiple steps by which neurons are generated from dividing adult neural stem cells and migrate to be integrated into existing neuronal circuits. Alterations in any of these steps impair neurogenesis and may compromise brain function, leading to cognitive impairment and neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms that modulate adult neurogenesis is the centre of attention of regenerative research. In this chapter, we review the main properties of the adult neurogenic niches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipa F Ribeiro
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sara Xapelli
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
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Neurodevelopmental signatures of narcotic and neuropsychiatric risk factors in 3D human-derived forebrain organoids. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:7760-7783. [PMID: 34158620 PMCID: PMC8873021 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01189-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
It is widely accepted that narcotic use during pregnancy and specific environmental factors (e.g., maternal immune activation and chronic stress) may increase risk of neuropsychiatric illness in offspring. However, little progress has been made in defining human-specific in utero neurodevelopmental pathology due to ethical and technical challenges associated with accessing human prenatal brain tissue. Here we utilized human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) to generate reproducible organoids that recapitulate dorsal forebrain development including early corticogenesis. We systemically exposed organoid samples to chemically defined "enviromimetic" compounds to examine the developmental effects of various narcotic and neuropsychiatric-related risk factors within tissue of human origin. In tandem experiments conducted in parallel, we modeled exposure to opiates (μ-opioid agonist endomorphin), cannabinoids (WIN 55,212-2), alcohol (ethanol), smoking (nicotine), chronic stress (human cortisol), and maternal immune activation (human Interleukin-17a; IL17a). Human-derived dorsal forebrain organoids were consequently analyzed via an array of unbiased and high-throughput analytical approaches, including state-of-the-art TMT-16plex liquid chromatography/mass-spectrometry (LC/MS) proteomics, hybrid MS metabolomics, and flow cytometry panels to determine cell-cycle dynamics and rates of cell death. This pipeline subsequently revealed both common and unique proteome, reactome, and metabolome alterations as a consequence of enviromimetic modeling of narcotic use and neuropsychiatric-related risk factors in tissue of human origin. However, of our 6 treatment groups, human-derived organoids treated with the cannabinoid agonist WIN 55,212-2 exhibited the least convergence of all groups. Single-cell analysis revealed that WIN 55,212-2 increased DNA fragmentation, an indicator of apoptosis, in human-derived dorsal forebrain organoids. We subsequently confirmed induction of DNA damage and apoptosis by WIN 55,212-2 within 3D human-derived dorsal forebrain organoids. Lastly, in a BrdU pulse-chase neocortical neurogenesis paradigm, we identified that WIN 55,212-2 was the only enviromimetic treatment to disrupt newborn neuron numbers within human-derived dorsal forebrain organoids. Cumulatively this study serves as both a resource and foundation from which human 3D biologics can be used to resolve the non-genomic effects of neuropsychiatric risk factors under controlled laboratory conditions. While synthetic cannabinoids can differ from naturally occurring compounds in their effects, our data nonetheless suggests that exposure to WIN 55,212-2 elicits neurotoxicity within human-derived developing forebrain tissue. These human-derived data therefore support the long-standing belief that maternal use of cannabinoids may require caution so to avoid any potential neurodevelopmental effects upon developing offspring in utero.
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Cai Y, Xing L, Yang T, Chai R, Wang J, Bao J, Shen W, Ding S, Chen G. The neurodevelopmental role of dopaminergic signaling in neurological disorders. Neurosci Lett 2020; 741:135540. [PMID: 33278505 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2020.135540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Dopamine (DA), a critical neurotransmitter of both the central and peripheral nerve system, plays important roles in a series of biological processes. Dysfunction of dopaminergic signalling may lead to a series of developmental disorders, including attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, autism and schizophrenia. However, the exact roles of dopaminergic signalling in these diseases are far from fully understood. We analyse the roles of dopaminergic signalling in multiple physiological and pathological processes, focusing on brain development and related disorders. By summarizing current research in this area, we provide guidance for future studies. This review seeks to deepen our understanding of dopaminergic signalling in developmental disorders, which may offer clues for developing more effective therapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyun Cai
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226001, China
| | - Lingyan Xing
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and the Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226001, China
| | - Tuo Yang
- Department of Hand Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130033, China
| | - Rui Chai
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and the Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226001, China
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226001, China
| | - Jingyin Bao
- Basic Medical Research Centre, Medical College of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226001, China
| | - Weixing Shen
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226001, China.
| | - Sujun Ding
- Department of Ultrasound, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226001, China.
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Tissue and Embryology, Medical School of Nantong University, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226001, China; Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226001, China.
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50
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Li YCE, Jodat YA, Samanipour R, Zorzi G, Zhu K, Hirano M, Chang K, Arnaout A, Hassan S, Matharu N, Khademhosseini A, Hoorfar M, Shin SR. Toward a neurospheroid niche model: optimizing embedded 3D bioprinting for fabrication of neurospheroid brain-like co-culture constructs. Biofabrication 2020; 13:10.1088/1758-5090/abc1be. [PMID: 33059333 PMCID: PMC8387028 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/abc1be] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A crucial step in creating reliablein vitroplatforms for neural development and disorder studies is the reproduction of the multicellular three-dimensional (3D) brain microenvironment and the capturing of cell-cell interactions within the model. The power of self-organization of diverse cell types into brain spheroids could be harnessed to study mechanisms underlying brain development trajectory and diseases. A challenge of current 3D organoid and spheroid models grown in petri-dishes is the lack of control over cellular localization and diversity. To overcome this limitation, neural spheroids can be patterned into customizable 3D structures using microfabrication. We developed a 3D brain-like co-culture construct using embedded 3D bioprinting as a flexible solution for composing heterogenous neural populations with neurospheroids and glia. Specifically, neurospheroid-laden free-standing 3D structures were fabricated in an engineered astrocyte-laden support bath resembling a neural stem cell niche environment. A photo-crosslinkable bioink and a thermal-healing supporting bath were engineered to mimic the mechanical modulus of soft tissue while supporting the formation of self-organizing neurospheroids within elaborate 3D networks. Moreover, bioprinted neurospheroid-laden structures exhibited the capability to differentiate into neuronal cells. These brain-like co-cultures could provide a reproducible platform for modeling neurological diseases, neural regeneration, and drug development and repurposing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chen Ethan Li
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02139, United States of America
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Feng Chia University, Taichung 40724, Taiwan
| | - Yasamin A Jodat
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02139, United States of America
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, New Jersey 07030, United States of America
| | - Roya Samanipour
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02139, United States of America
- School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna V1V 1V7, BC, Canada
| | - Giulio Zorzi
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02139, United States of America
| | - Kai Zhu
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02139, United States of America
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Minoru Hirano
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02139, United States of America
- Future Vehicle Research Department, Toyota Research Institute North America, Toyota Motor North America Inc. 1555 Woodridge Ave, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, United States of America
| | - Karen Chang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taiwan
| | - Adnan Arnaout
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02139, United States of America
| | - Shabir Hassan
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02139, United States of America
| | - Navneet Matharu
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States of America
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, United States of America
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02139, United States of America
- Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States of America
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States of America
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of California–Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States of America
- Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States of America
| | - Mina Hoorfar
- School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna V1V 1V7, BC, Canada
| | - Su Ryon Shin
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02139, United States of America
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