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Arakawa I, Muramatsu I, Uwada J, Sada K, Matsukawa N, Masuoka T. Acetylcholine release from striatal cholinergic interneurons is controlled differently depending on the firing pattern. J Neurochem 2023; 167:38-51. [PMID: 37653723 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
How is the quantal size in neurotransmitter release adjusted for various firing levels? We explored the possible mechanisms that regulate acetylcholine (ACh) release from cholinergic interneurons using an ultra-mini superfusion system. After preloading [3 H]ACh in rat striatal cholinergic interneurons, the release was elicited by electrical stimulation under a condition in which presynaptic cholinergic and dopaminergic feedback was inhibited. [3 H]ACh release was reproducible at intervals of more than 10 min; shorter intervals resulted in reduced levels of ACh release. Upon persistent stimulation for 10 min, ACh release transiently increased, before gradually decreasing. Vesamicol, an inhibitor of the vesicular ACh transporter (VAChT), had no effect on the release induced by the first single pulse, but it reduced the release caused by subsequent pulses. Vesamicol also reduced the [3 H]ACh release evoked by multiple pulses, and the inhibition was enhanced by repetitive stimulation. The decreasing phase of [3 H]ACh release during persistent stimulation was accelerated by vesamicol treatment. Thus, it is likely that releasable ACh was slowly compensated for via VAChT during and after stimulation, changing the vesicular ACh content. In addition, ACh release per pulse decreased under high-frequency stimulation. The present results suggest that ACh release from striatal cholinergic interneurons may be adjusted by changes in the quantal size due to slow replenishment via VAChT, and by a reduction in release probability upon high-frequency stimulation. These two distinct processes likely enable the fine tuning of neurotransmission and neuroprotection/limitation against excessive output and have important physiological roles in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itsumi Arakawa
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Japan
- Division of Genomic Science and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Ikunobu Muramatsu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Japan
- Division of Genomic Science and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
- Kimura Hospital, Fukui, Japan
| | - Junsuke Uwada
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Japan
| | - Kiyonao Sada
- Division of Genomic Science and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Matsukawa
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Masuoka
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Japan
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2
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Asuncion JD, Eamani A, Rohrbach EW, Knapp EM, Deshpande SA, Bonanno SL, Murphy JE, Lawal HO, Krantz DE. Precise CRISPR-Cas9-mediated mutation of a membrane trafficking domain in the Drosophila vesicular monoamine transporter gene. Curr Res Physiol 2023; 6:100101. [PMID: 37409154 PMCID: PMC10318446 DOI: 10.1016/j.crphys.2023.100101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Monoamine neurotransmitters such as noradrenalin are released from both synaptic vesicles (SVs) and large dense-core vesicles (LDCVs), the latter mediating extrasynaptic signaling. The contribution of synaptic versus extrasynaptic signaling to circuit function and behavior remains poorly understood. To address this question, we have previously used transgenes encoding a mutation in the Drosophila Vesicular Monoamine Transporter (dVMAT) that shifts amine release from SVs to LDCVs. To circumvent the use of transgenes with non-endogenous patterns of expression, we have now used CRISPR-Cas9 to generate a trafficking mutant in the endogenous dVMAT gene. To minimize disruption of the dVMAT coding sequence and a nearby RNA splice site, we precisely introduced a point mutation using single-stranded oligonucleotide repair. A predicted decrease in fertility was used as a phenotypic screen to identify founders in lieu of a visible marker. Phenotypic analysis revealed a defect in the ovulation of mature follicles and egg retention in the ovaries. We did not detect defects in the contraction of lateral oviducts following optogenetic stimulation of octopaminergic neurons. Our findings suggest that release of mature eggs from the ovary is disrupted by changing the balance of VMAT trafficking between SVs and LDCVs. Further experiments using this model will help determine the mechanisms that sensitize specific circuits to changes in synaptic versus extrasynaptic signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- James D. Asuncion
- Medical Scientist Training Program, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- UCLA Neuroscience Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Aditya Eamani
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Ethan W. Rohrbach
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- UCLA Neuroscience Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Elizabeth M. Knapp
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Sonali A. Deshpande
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Shivan L. Bonanno
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Jeremy E. Murphy
- Department of Biological Sciences, Delaware State University, Dover, DE, USA, 19901, USA
| | - Hakeem O. Lawal
- Department of Biological Sciences, Delaware State University, Dover, DE, USA, 19901, USA
| | - David E. Krantz
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
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3
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ACh Transfers: Homeostatic Plasticity of Cholinergic Synapses. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2023; 43:697-709. [PMID: 35643882 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-022-01227-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The field of homeostatic plasticity continues to advance rapidly, highlighting the importance of stabilizing neuronal activity within functional limits in the context of numerous fundamental processes such as development, learning, and memory. Most homeostatic plasticity studies have been focused on glutamatergic synapses, while the rules that govern homeostatic regulation of other synapse types are less understood. While cholinergic synapses have emerged as a critical component in the etiology of mammalian neurodegenerative disease mechanisms, relatively few studies have been conducted on the homeostatic plasticity of such synapses, particularly in the mammalian nervous system. An exploration of homeostatic mechanisms at the cholinergic synapse may illuminate potential therapeutic targets for disease management and treatment. We will review cholinergic homeostatic plasticity in the mammalian neuromuscular junction, the autonomic nervous system, central synapses, and in relation to pathological conditions including Alzheimer disease and DYT1 dystonia. This work provides a historical context for the field of cholinergic homeostatic regulation by examining common themes, unique features, and outstanding questions associated with these distinct cholinergic synapse types and aims to inform future research in the field.
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4
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Tryon SC, Sakamoto IM, Kaigler KF, Gee G, Turner J, Bartley K, Fadel JR, Wilson MA. ChAT::Cre transgenic rats show sex-dependent altered fear behaviors, ultrasonic vocalizations and cholinergic marker expression. GENES, BRAIN, AND BEHAVIOR 2023; 22:e12837. [PMID: 36636833 PMCID: PMC9994175 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The cholinergic system is a critical regulator of Pavlovian fear learning and extinction. As such, we have begun investigating the cholinergic system's involvement in individual differences in cued fear extinction using a transgenic ChAT::Cre rat model. The current study extends behavioral phenotyping of a transgenic ChAT::Cre rat line by examining both freezing behavior and ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) during a Pavlovian cued fear learning and extinction paradigm. Freezing, 22 kHz USVs, and 50 kHz USVs were compared between male and female transgenic ChAT::Cre+ rats and their wildtype (Cre-) littermates during fear learning, contextual and cue-conditioned fear recall, cued fear extinction, and generalization to a novel tone. During contextual and cued fear recall ChAT::Cre+ rats froze slightly more than their Cre- littermates, and displayed significant sex differences in contextual and cue-conditioned freezing, 22 kHz USVs, and 50 kHz USVs. Females showed more freezing than males in fear recall trials, but fewer 22 kHz distress calls during fear learning and recall. Females also produced more 50 kHz USVs during exposure to the testing chambers prior to tone (or shock) presentation compared with males, but this effect was blunted in ChAT::Cre+ females. Corroborating previous studies, ChAT::Cre+ transgenic rats overexpressed vesicular acetylcholine transporter immunolabeling in basal forebrain, striatum, basolateral amygdala, and hippocampus, but had similar levels of acetylcholinesterase and numbers of ChAT+ neurons as Cre- rats. This study suggests that variance in behavior between ChAT::Cre+ and wildtype rats is sex dependent and advances theories that distinct neural circuits and processes regulate sexually divergent fear responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah C. Tryon
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & NeuroscienceUniversity of South Carolina School of MedicineColumbiaSouth CarolinaUSA
| | - Iris M. Sakamoto
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & NeuroscienceUniversity of South Carolina School of MedicineColumbiaSouth CarolinaUSA
| | - Kris F. Kaigler
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & NeuroscienceUniversity of South Carolina School of MedicineColumbiaSouth CarolinaUSA
| | - Gabriella Gee
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & NeuroscienceUniversity of South Carolina School of MedicineColumbiaSouth CarolinaUSA
| | - Jarrett Turner
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & NeuroscienceUniversity of South Carolina School of MedicineColumbiaSouth CarolinaUSA
| | - Katherine Bartley
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & NeuroscienceUniversity of South Carolina School of MedicineColumbiaSouth CarolinaUSA
| | - Jim R. Fadel
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & NeuroscienceUniversity of South Carolina School of MedicineColumbiaSouth CarolinaUSA
| | - Marlene A. Wilson
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & NeuroscienceUniversity of South Carolina School of MedicineColumbiaSouth CarolinaUSA
- Columbia VA Health Care SystemColumbiaSouth CarolinaUSA
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5
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Cristofari P, Desplanque M, Poirel O, Hébert A, Dumas S, Herzog E, Danglot L, Geny D, Gilles JF, Geeverding A, Bolte S, Canette A, Trichet M, Fabre V, Daumas S, Pietrancosta N, El Mestikawy S, Bernard V. Nanoscopic distribution of VAChT and VGLUT3 in striatal cholinergic varicosities suggests colocalization and segregation of the two transporters in synaptic vesicles. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:991732. [PMID: 36176961 PMCID: PMC9513193 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.991732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Striatal cholinergic interneurons (CINs) use acetylcholine (ACh) and glutamate (Glut) to regulate the striatal network since they express vesicular transporters for ACh (VAChT) and Glut (VGLUT3). However, whether ACh and Glut are released simultaneously and/or independently from cholinergic varicosities is an open question. The answer to that question requires the multichannel detection of vesicular transporters at the level of single synaptic vesicle (SV). Here, we used super-resolution STimulated Emission Depletion microscopy (STED) to characterize and quantify the distribution of VAChT and VGLUT3 in CINs SVs. Nearest-neighbor distances analysis between VAChT and VGLUT3-immunofluorescent spots revealed that 34% of CINs SVs contain both VAChT and VGLUT3. In addition, 40% of SVs expressed only VAChT while 26% of SVs contain only VGLUT3. These results suggest that SVs from CINs have the potential to store simultaneously or independently ACh and/or Glut. Overall, these morphological findings support the notion that CINs varicosities can signal with either ACh or Glut or both with an unexpected level of complexity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Cristofari
- Sorbonne Université—CNRS UMR 8246—INSERM U1130—Neuroscience Paris Seine—Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS—IBPS), Paris, France
| | - Mazarine Desplanque
- Sorbonne Université—CNRS UMR 8246—INSERM U1130—Neuroscience Paris Seine—Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS—IBPS), Paris, France
| | - Odile Poirel
- Sorbonne Université—CNRS UMR 8246—INSERM U1130—Neuroscience Paris Seine—Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS—IBPS), Paris, France
| | - Alison Hébert
- Sorbonne Université—CNRS UMR 8246—INSERM U1130—Neuroscience Paris Seine—Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS—IBPS), Paris, France
| | | | - Etienne Herzog
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, IINS, UMR 5297, Bordeaux, France
| | - Lydia Danglot
- Université de Paris, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), INSERM U1266, Membrane Traffic in Healthy & Diseased Brain, Paris, France
- Université de Paris, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), INSERM U1266, NeurImag Imaging Facility, Paris, France
- GHU Paris Psychiatrie & Neurosciences, Paris, France
| | - David Geny
- Université de Paris, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), INSERM U1266, NeurImag Imaging Facility, Paris, France
| | - Jean-François Gilles
- Imaging Facility of the Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS)—Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Audrey Geeverding
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS), Service de Microscopie Électronique (IBPS-SME), Paris, France
| | - Susanne Bolte
- Imaging Facility of the Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS)—Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Alexis Canette
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS), Service de Microscopie Électronique (IBPS-SME), Paris, France
| | - Michaël Trichet
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS), Service de Microscopie Électronique (IBPS-SME), Paris, France
| | - Véronique Fabre
- Sorbonne Université—CNRS UMR 8246—INSERM U1130—Neuroscience Paris Seine—Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS—IBPS), Paris, France
| | - Stéphanie Daumas
- Sorbonne Université—CNRS UMR 8246—INSERM U1130—Neuroscience Paris Seine—Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS—IBPS), Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Pietrancosta
- Sorbonne Université—CNRS UMR 8246—INSERM U1130—Neuroscience Paris Seine—Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS—IBPS), Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université—CNRS UMR 7203—Laboratoire des BioMolécules, Paris, France
| | - Salah El Mestikawy
- Sorbonne Université—CNRS UMR 8246—INSERM U1130—Neuroscience Paris Seine—Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS—IBPS), Paris, France
- Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Véronique Bernard
- Sorbonne Université—CNRS UMR 8246—INSERM U1130—Neuroscience Paris Seine—Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS—IBPS), Paris, France
- *Correspondence: Véronique Bernard,
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6
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Spelta LEW, Torres YYS, de Oliveira SCWSEF, Yonamine M, Bailey A, Camarini R, Garcia RCT, Marcourakis T. Chronic escalating-dose and acute binge cocaine treatments change the hippocampal cholinergic muscarinic system on drug presence and after withdrawal. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2022; 447:116068. [PMID: 35597300 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2022.116068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cocaine addiction is a relapsing disorder with loss of control in limiting drug intake. Considering the involvement of acetylcholine in the neurobiology of the disease, our aim was to evaluate whether cocaine induces plastic changes in the hippocampal cholinergic muscarinic system. Male Swiss-Webster mice received saline or cocaine (ip) three times daily (60-min intervals) either acutely or in an escalating-dose binge paradigm for 14 days. Locomotor activity was measured in all treatment days. Dopaminergic and cholinergic muscarinic receptors (D1R, D2R, M1-M5, mAChRs), choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) were quantified in the hippocampus by immunoblotting one hour after the last injection (on drug) or after 14 days of abstinence (withdrawal). Escalating-dose group showed cocaine-induced locomotor sensitization from day 2. M3 mAChR and ChAT significantly increased after the on-drug acute binge treatment. Escalating-dose on-drug group showed increased ChAT, M1, M5 mAChR and D2R; and decreased D1R. Acute-binge withdrawal group showed increased VAChT, M2 mAChR, D1R, and D2R; and decreased M1 mAChR. Escalating-dose withdrawal group presented increased D1R and VAChT and decreased M1 mAChR and D2R. Locomotor activity was negatively correlated with M1 mAChR and AChE in on-drug group and positively correlated with VAChT in withdrawal group. M1 mAChR was positively correlated with M2 mAChR and ChAT in on-drug group, whereas ChAT was positively correlated with M5 mAChR in withdrawal group. The results indicate that cocaine induced an increase in the hippocampal cholinergic tone in the presence of the drug, whereas withdrawal causes a resetting in the system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia E W Spelta
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 580, Bl. 13B, 05508-000 São Paulo/SP, Brazil
| | - Yuli Y S Torres
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 580, Bl. 13B, 05508-000 São Paulo/SP, Brazil
| | - Sarah C W S E F de Oliveira
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 580, Bl. 13B, 05508-000 São Paulo/SP, Brazil; Pharmacosciences Department, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Maurício Yonamine
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 580, Bl. 13B, 05508-000 São Paulo/SP, Brazil
| | - Alexis Bailey
- Pharmacology Section, Institute of Medical and Biomedical Education, St George's University of London, Cranmer Terrace, SW17 0RE London, UK
| | - Rosana Camarini
- Department of Pharmacology, Laboratory of Neurochemical and Behavior Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 1524, Prédio 1, 05508-900 São Paulo/SP, Brazil.
| | - Raphael C T Garcia
- Institute of Environmental, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, Rua São Nicolau, 210, 1° andar, 09913-030 Diadema/SP, Brazil.
| | - Tania Marcourakis
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 580, Bl. 13B, 05508-000 São Paulo/SP, Brazil.
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7
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Camargo WL, Kushmerick C, Pinto E, Souza N, Cavalcante W, Souza-Neto FP, Guatimosim S, Prado M, Guatimosim C, Naves LA. Homeostatic plasticity induced by increased acetylcholine release at the mouse neuromuscular junction. Neurobiol Aging 2021; 110:13-26. [PMID: 34844076 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2021.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
At the neuromuscular junction (NMJ), changes to the size of the postsynaptic potential induce homeostatic compensation. At the Drosophila NMJ, increased glutamate release causes a compensatory decrease in quantal content, but it is unknown if this mechanism operates at the cholinergic mammalian NMJ. We addressed this question by recording endplate potentials (EPP) and muscle contraction in 3-month and 24-month ChAT-ChR2-EYFP mice that overexpress vesicular acetylcholine transporter and release more acetylcholine per vesicle. At 3 months, the quantal content of EPPs from ChAT-ChR2-EYFP mice were not different from WT controls, however tetanic depression was greater, and quantal size during high-frequency stimulation and the size of the readily releasable pool (RRP) were decreased. At 24 months of age, quantal content was reduced in ChAT-ChR2-EYFP mice, which normalized synaptic depression despite smaller RRP. The effect of pancuronium on indirect evoked muscle twitch was not different between groups. These results indicate that an increase in the amount of acetylcholine per vesicle induces two distinct age-dependent homeostatic mechanisms compensating excessive acetylcholine release.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Mam Prado
- Robarts Research Institute and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology and Anatomy & Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | | | - L A Naves
- Departments of Physiology and biophysics
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8
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Crittenden JR, Zhai S, Sauvage M, Kitsukawa T, Burguière E, Thomsen M, Zhang H, Costa C, Martella G, Ghiglieri V, Picconi B, Pescatore KA, Unterwald EM, Jackson WS, Housman DE, Caine SB, Sulzer D, Calabresi P, Smith AC, Surmeier DJ, Graybiel AM. CalDAG-GEFI mediates striatal cholinergic modulation of dendritic excitability, synaptic plasticity and psychomotor behaviors. Neurobiol Dis 2021; 158:105473. [PMID: 34371144 PMCID: PMC8486000 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2021.105473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
CalDAG-GEFI (CDGI) is a protein highly enriched in the striatum, particularly in the principal spiny projection neurons (SPNs). CDGI is strongly down-regulated in two hyperkinetic conditions related to striatal dysfunction: Huntington’s disease and levodopa-induced dyskinesia in Parkinson’s disease. We demonstrate that genetic deletion of CDGI in mice disrupts dendritic, but not somatic, M1 muscarinic receptors (M1Rs) signaling in indirect pathway SPNs. Loss of CDGI reduced temporal integration of excitatory postsynaptic potentials at dendritic glutamatergic synapses and impaired the induction of activity-dependent long-term potentiation. CDGI deletion selectively increased psychostimulant-induced repetitive behaviors, disrupted sequence learning, and eliminated M1R blockade of cocaine self-administration. These findings place CDGI as a major, but previously unrecognized, mediator of cholinergic signaling in the striatum. The effects of CDGI deletion on the self-administration of drugs of abuse and its marked alterations in hyperkinetic extrapyramidal disorders highlight CDGI’s therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill R Crittenden
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research and Dept. of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Shenyu Zhai
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Magdalena Sauvage
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research and Dept. of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Functional Architecture of Memory Dept., Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Takashi Kitsukawa
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Eric Burguière
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research and Dept. of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Brain and Spine Institute (ICM), CNRS UMR 7225, INSERM U 1127, UPMC-P6 UMR S, 1127, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, 47 boulevard de l'hôpital, Paris, France
| | - Morgane Thomsen
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen and University, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark; Basic Neuroscience Division, McLean Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA 02478, USA
| | - Hui Zhang
- Departments of Psychiatry, Pharmacology, Neurology, Columbia University, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Cinzia Costa
- Neurological Clinic, Department of Medicine, Hospital Santa Maria della misericordia, University of Perugia, 06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Martella
- Neurophysiology and Plasticity, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Via del Fosso di Fiorano 64, 00143 Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Karen A Pescatore
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Substance Abuse Research, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Ellen M Unterwald
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Substance Abuse Research, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Walker S Jackson
- Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, 581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| | - David E Housman
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - S Barak Caine
- Basic Neuroscience Division, McLean Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA 02478, USA
| | - David Sulzer
- Departments of Psychiatry, Pharmacology, Neurology, Columbia University, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Paolo Calabresi
- Neurological Clinic, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Università Cattolica del "Sacro Cuore", 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Anne C Smith
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - D James Surmeier
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Ann M Graybiel
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research and Dept. of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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9
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Tassone A, Martella G, Meringolo M, Vanni V, Sciamanna G, Ponterio G, Imbriani P, Bonsi P, Pisani A. Vesicular Acetylcholine Transporter Alters Cholinergic Tone and Synaptic Plasticity in DYT1 Dystonia. Mov Disord 2021; 36:2768-2779. [PMID: 34173686 PMCID: PMC9291835 DOI: 10.1002/mds.28698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Acetylcholine‐mediated transmission plays a central role in the impairment of corticostriatal synaptic activity and plasticity in multiple DYT1 mouse models. However, the nature of such alteration remains unclear. Objective The aim of the present work was to characterize the mechanistic basis of cholinergic dysfunction in DYT1 dystonia to identify potential targets for pharmacological intervention. Methods We utilized electrophysiology recordings, immunohistochemistry, enzymatic activity assays, and Western blotting techniques to analyze in detail the cholinergic machinery in the dorsal striatum of the Tor1a+/− mouse model of DYT1 dystonia. Results We found a significant increase in the vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT) protein level, the protein responsible for loading acetylcholine (ACh) from the cytosol into synaptic vesicles, which indicates an altered cholinergic tone. Accordingly, in Tor1a+/− mice we measured a robust elevation in basal ACh content coupled to a compensatory enhancement of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzymatic activity. Moreover, pharmacological activation of dopamine D2 receptors, which is expected to reduce ACh levels, caused an abnormal elevation in its content, as compared to controls. Patch‐clamp recordings revealed a reduced effect of AChE inhibitors on cholinergic interneuron excitability, whereas muscarinic autoreceptor function was preserved. Finally, we tested the hypothesis that blockade of VAChT could restore corticostriatal long‐term synaptic plasticity deficits. Vesamicol, a selective VAChT inhibitor, rescued a normal expression of synaptic plasticity. Conclusions Overall, our findings indicate that VAChT is a key player in the alterations of striatal plasticity and a novel target to normalize cholinergic dysfunction observed in DYT1 dystonia. © 2021 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Tassone
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Plasticity, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Martella
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Plasticity, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Meringolo
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Plasticity, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Vanni
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Plasticity, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Sciamanna
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Plasticity, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Ponterio
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Plasticity, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Imbriani
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Plasticity, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Bonsi
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Plasticity, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Pisani
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.,IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
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10
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Joviano-Santos JV, Kljakic O, Magalhães-Gomes MPS, Valadão PAC, de Oliveira LR, Prado MAM, Prado VF, Guatimosim C. Motoneuron-specific loss of VAChT mimics neuromuscular defects seen in congenital myasthenic syndrome. FEBS J 2021; 288:5331-5349. [PMID: 33730374 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Motoneurons (MNs) control muscle activity by releasing the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) at the level of neuromuscular junctions. ACh is packaged into synaptic vesicles by the vesicular ACh transporter (VAChT), and disruptions in its release can impair muscle contraction, as seen in congenital myasthenic syndromes (CMS). Recently, VAChT gene mutations were identified in humans displaying varying degrees of myasthenia. Moreover, mice with a global deficiency in VAChT expression display several characteristics of CMS. Despite these findings, little is known about how a long-term decrease in VAChT expression in vivo affects MNs structure and function. Using Cre-loxP technology, we generated a mouse model where VAChT is deleted in select groups of MNs (mnVAChT-KD). Molecular analysis revealed that the VAChT deletion was specific to MNs and affected approximately 50% of its population in the brainstem and spinal cord, with alpha-MNs primarily targeted (70% in spinal cord). Within each animal, the cell body area of VAChT-deleted MNs was significantly smaller compared to MNs with VAChT preserved. Likewise, muscles innervated by VAChT-deleted MNs showed atrophy while muscles innervated by VAChT-containing neurons appeared normal. In addition, mnVAChT KD mice had decreased muscle strength, were hypoactive, leaner and exhibited kyphosis. This neuromuscular dysfunction was evident at 2 months of age and became progressively worse by 6 months. Treatment of mutants with a cholinesterase inhibitor was able to improve some of the motor deficits. As these observations mimic what is seen in CMS, this new line could be valuable for assessing the efficacy of potential CMS drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julliane V Joviano-Santos
- Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada.,Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Ornela Kljakic
- Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - Matheus P S Magalhães-Gomes
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,Departamento de Medicina, Faculdade Ciências Médicas de Minas Gerais, FCMMG, Belo Horizonte, Brasil
| | - Priscila Aparecida C Valadão
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Leonardo R de Oliveira
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Marco A M Prado
- Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada.,Brain and Mind Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - Vania F Prado
- Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada.,Brain and Mind Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - Cristina Guatimosim
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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11
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Magalhães-Gomes MPS, Camargos W, Valadão PAC, Garcias RS, Rodrigues HA, Andrade JN, Teixeira VP, Naves LA, Cavalcante WLG, Gallaci M, Guatimosim S, Prado VF, Prado MAM, Guatimosim C. Increased Cholinergic Tone Causes Pre-synaptic Neuromuscular Degeneration and is Associated with Impaired Diaphragm Function. Neuroscience 2021; 460:31-42. [PMID: 33548369 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In vertebrates, muscle activity is dependent on acetylcholine (ACh) released from neuromuscular junctions (NMJs), and changes in cholinergic neurotransmission are linked to a variety of neuromuscular diseases, including congenital myasthenic syndromes (CMS). The storage and release of ACh depends on the activity of the Vesicular Acetylcholine Transporter (VAChT), a rate-limiting step for cholinergic neurotransmission whose loss of function mutations was shown to cause human congenital myasthenia. However, we know much less about increased VAChT activity, due to copy number variations, for example. Therefore, here we investigated the impact of increased VAChT expression and consequently ACh levels at the synaptic cleft of the diaphragm NMJs. We analyzed structure and function of nerve and muscles from a mouse model of cholinergic hyperfunction (ChAT-ChR2-EYFP) with increased expression of VAChT. Our results showed a significant increase of ACh released under evoked stimuli. However, we observed deleterious changes in synaptic vesicles cycle (impaired endocytosis and decrease in vesicles number), together with structural alterations of NMJs. Interestingly, ultrastructure analyses showed that synaptic vesicles from ChAT-ChR2-EYFP mice NMJs were larger, which might be related to increased ACh load. We also observed that these larger synaptic vesicles were less rounded in comparison with control. Finally, we showed that ChAT-ChR2-EYFP mice NMJs have compromised safety factor, possible due to the structural alterations we described. These findings reveal that physiological cholinergic activity is important to maintain the structure and function of the neuromuscular system and help to understand some of the neuromuscular adverse effects experienced by chronically increased NMJ neurotransmission, such as individuals treated with cholinesterase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus P S Magalhães-Gomes
- Departamento de Morfologia, ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Departamento de Medicina, Faculdade Ciências Médicas de Minas Gerais, FCMMG, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Wallace Camargos
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Priscila A C Valadão
- Departamento de Morfologia, ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Rubens S Garcias
- Departamento de Morfologia, ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Hermann A Rodrigues
- Departamento de Ciências Básicas da Vida, Instituto de Ciências da Vida, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Campus Governador Valadares, UFJF, Governador Valadares, MG, Brazil
| | - Jéssica N Andrade
- Departamento de Morfologia, ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Vanessa P Teixeira
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Lígia A Naves
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Walter L G Cavalcante
- Departamento de Farmacologia, ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Marcia Gallaci
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Biociências, UNESP, Distrito de Rubião Jr., Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Silvia Guatimosim
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Vânia F Prado
- Robarts Research Institute and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology and Anatomy & Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Marco A M Prado
- Robarts Research Institute and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology and Anatomy & Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Cristina Guatimosim
- Departamento de Morfologia, ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
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12
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Sha R, Chen Y, Wang Y, Luo Y, Liu Y, Ma Y, Li Y, Xu L, Xie HQ, Zhao B. Gestational and lactational exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in mice: Neurobehavioral effects on female offspring. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 752:141784. [PMID: 32889265 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that perinatal dioxin exposure affects neurodevelopment and impairs multiple brain functions, including cognitive, language, learning and emotion, in the offspring. However, the impacts of gestational and lactational exposure to dioxin on behavior and related molecular events are still not fully understood. In this study, female C57BL/6J mice were orally administered three doses of 2, 3, 7, 8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) (0.1 or 10 μg/kg body weight (bw)) during the pregnancy and lactation periods. The locomotion, exploration and anxiety-related behaviors were examined by an open field test of the young adult female offspring at postnatal day 68. We found that the maternal TCDD exposure, particularly at a low dose, increased movement ability, novelty-exploration and certain anxiety-related behaviors in the offspring. Such hyperactivity-like behaviors were accompanied by the upregulation of certain genes associated with cholinergic neurotransmission or synaptogenesis in the offspring brain. In accordance with the potential enhancement of cholinergic neurotransmission due to the gene upregulations, the enzymatic activity of acetylcholinesterase was decreased, which might lead to excess acetylcholine and consequent hyper-excitation at the synapses. Thus, we found that gestational and lactational TCDD exposure at low dose caused hyperactivity-like behaviors in young adult female offspring and speculated the enhancement of cholinergic neurotransmission and synaptogenesis as potential molecular events underlying the neurobehavioral effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Sha
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yangsheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yijing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yali Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yiyun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yongchao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yunping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Li Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Heidi Qunhui Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Bin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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13
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Goncalves DF, Guzman MS, Gros R, Massensini AR, Bartha R, Prado VF, Prado MAM. Striatal Acetylcholine Helps to Preserve Functional Outcomes in a Mouse Model of Stroke. ASN Neuro 2020; 12:1759091420961612. [PMID: 32967452 PMCID: PMC7521057 DOI: 10.1177/1759091420961612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Acetylcholine (ACh) has been suggested to facilitate plasticity and
improve functional recovery after different types of brain lesions.
Interestingly, numerous studies have shown that striatal cholinergic
interneurons are relatively resistant to acute ischemic insults, but
whether ACh released by these neurons enhances functional recovery
after stroke is unknown. We investigated the role of endogenous
striatal ACh in stroke lesion volume and functional outcomes following
middle cerebral artery occlusion to induce focal ischemia in
striatum-selective vesicular acetylcholine transporter-deficient mice
(stVAChT-KO). As transporter expression is almost completely
eliminated in the striatum of stVAChT-KO mice, ACh release is nearly
abolished in this area. Conversely, in other brain areas, VAChT
expression and ACh release are preserved. Our results demonstrate a
larger infarct size after ischemic insult in stVAChT-KO mice, with
more pronounced functional impairments and increased mortality than in
littermate controls. These changes are associated with increased
activation of GSK-3, decreased levels of β-catenin, and a higher
permeability of the blood–brain barrier in mice with loss of VAChT in
striatum neurons. These results support a framework in which
endogenous ACh secretion originating from cholinergic interneurons in
the striatum helps to protect brain tissue against ischemia-induced
damage and facilitates brain recovery by supporting blood–brain
barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela F Goncalves
- Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada.,Neuroscience Centre, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Monica S Guzman
- Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - Robert Gros
- Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - André R Massensini
- Neuroscience Centre, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Robert Bartha
- Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - Vania F Prado
- Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - Marco A M Prado
- Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
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14
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Hjorth JJJ, Kozlov A, Carannante I, Frost Nylén J, Lindroos R, Johansson Y, Tokarska A, Dorst MC, Suryanarayana SM, Silberberg G, Hellgren Kotaleski J, Grillner S. The microcircuits of striatum in silico. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:9554-9565. [PMID: 32321828 PMCID: PMC7197017 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2000671117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The basal ganglia play an important role in decision making and selection of action primarily based on input from cortex, thalamus, and the dopamine system. Their main input structure, striatum, is central to this process. It consists of two types of projection neurons, together representing 95% of the neurons, and 5% of interneurons, among which are the cholinergic, fast-spiking, and low threshold-spiking subtypes. The membrane properties, soma-dendritic shape, and intrastriatal and extrastriatal synaptic interactions of these neurons are quite well described in the mouse, and therefore they can be simulated in sufficient detail to capture their intrinsic properties, as well as the connectivity. We focus on simulation at the striatal cellular/microcircuit level, in which the molecular/subcellular and systems levels meet. We present a nearly full-scale model of the mouse striatum using available data on synaptic connectivity, cellular morphology, and electrophysiological properties to create a microcircuit mimicking the real network. A striatal volume is populated with reconstructed neuronal morphologies with appropriate cell densities, and then we connect neurons together based on appositions between neurites as possible synapses and constrain them further with available connectivity data. Moreover, we simulate a subset of the striatum involving 10,000 neurons, with input from cortex, thalamus, and the dopamine system, as a proof of principle. Simulation at this biological scale should serve as an invaluable tool to understand the mode of operation of this complex structure. This platform will be updated with new data and expanded to simulate the entire striatum.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Johannes Hjorth
- Science for Life Laboratory, School of Electrical Engeneering and Computer Science, Royal Institute of Technology, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alexander Kozlov
- Science for Life Laboratory, School of Electrical Engeneering and Computer Science, Royal Institute of Technology, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17165 Stockholm
| | - Ilaria Carannante
- Science for Life Laboratory, School of Electrical Engeneering and Computer Science, Royal Institute of Technology, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Robert Lindroos
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17165 Stockholm
| | - Yvonne Johansson
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17165 Stockholm
| | - Anna Tokarska
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17165 Stockholm
| | - Matthijs C Dorst
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17165 Stockholm
| | | | - Gilad Silberberg
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17165 Stockholm
| | - Jeanette Hellgren Kotaleski
- Science for Life Laboratory, School of Electrical Engeneering and Computer Science, Royal Institute of Technology, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden;
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17165 Stockholm
| | - Sten Grillner
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17165 Stockholm
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15
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The solute carrier transporters and the brain: Physiological and pharmacological implications. Asian J Pharm Sci 2019; 15:131-144. [PMID: 32373195 PMCID: PMC7193445 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2019.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Revised: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Solute carriers (SLCs) are the largest family of transmembrane transporters that determine the exchange of various substances, including nutrients, ions, metabolites, and drugs across biological membranes. To date, the presence of about 287 SLC genes have been identified in the brain, among which mutations or the resultant dysfunctions of 71 SLC genes have been reported to be correlated with human brain disorders. Although increasing interest in SLCs have focused on drug development, SLCs are currently still under-explored as drug targets, especially in the brain. We summarize the main substrates and functions of SLCs that are expressed in the brain, with an emphasis on selected SLCs that are important physiologically, pathologically, and pharmacologically in the blood-brain barrier, astrocytes, and neurons. Evidence suggests that a fraction of SLCs are regulated along with the occurrences of brain disorders, among which epilepsy, neurodegenerative diseases, and autism are representative. Given the review of SLCs involved in the onset and procession of brain disorders, we hope these SLCs will be screened as promising drug targets to improve drug delivery to the brain.
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16
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Mantanona CP, Alsiö J, Elson JL, Fisher BM, Dalley JW, Bussey T, Pienaar IS. Altered motor, anxiety-related and attentional task performance at baseline associate with multiple gene copies of the vesicular acetylcholine transporter and related protein overexpression in ChAT::Cre+ rats. Brain Struct Funct 2019; 224:3095-3116. [PMID: 31506825 PMCID: PMC6875150 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-019-01957-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Transgenic rodents expressing Cre recombinase cell specifically are used for exploring mechanisms regulating behavior, including those mediated by cholinergic signaling. However, it was recently reported that transgenic mice overexpressing a bacterial artificial chromosome containing choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) gene, for synthesizing the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, present with multiple vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT) gene copies, resulting in altered cholinergic tone and accompanying behavioral abnormalities. Since ChAT::Cre+ rats, used increasingly for understanding the biological basis of CNS disorders, utilize the mouse ChAT promotor to control Cre recombinase expression, we assessed for similar genotypical and phenotypical differences in such rats compared to wild-type siblings. The rats were assessed for mouse VAChT copy number, VAChT protein expression levels and for sustained attention, response control and anxiety. Rats were also subjected to a contextual fear conditioning paradigm using an unconditional fear-inducing stimulus (electrical foot shocks), with blood samples taken at baseline, the fear acquisition phase and retention testing, for measuring blood plasma markers of hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal gland (HPA)-axis activity. ChAT::Cre+ rats expressed multiple mouse VAChT gene copies, resulting in significantly higher VAChT protein expression, revealed anxiolytic behavior, hyperlocomotion and deficits in tasks requiring sustained attention. The HPA-axis was intact, with unaltered circulatory levels of acute stress-induced corticosterone, leptin and glucose. Our findings, therefore, reveal that in ChAT::Cre+ rats, VAChT overexpression associates with significant alterations of certain cognitive, motor and affective functions. Although highly useful as an experimental tool, it is essential to consider the potential effects of altered cholinergic transmission on baseline behavior in ChAT::Cre rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig P Mantanona
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Johan Alsiö
- Department of Psychology, The Behavioral and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, UK
| | - Joanna L Elson
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Beth M Fisher
- Department of Psychology, The Behavioral and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jeffrey W Dalley
- Department of Psychology, The Behavioral and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, UK
| | - Timothy Bussey
- Department of Psychology, The Behavioral and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Ilse S Pienaar
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, BN1 9PH, UK.
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17
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Prager EM, Plotkin JL. Compartmental function and modulation of the striatum. J Neurosci Res 2019; 97:1503-1514. [PMID: 31489687 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The striatum plays a central role in guiding numerous complex behaviors, ranging from motor control to action selection and reward learning. The diverse responsibilities of the striatum are reflected by the complexity of its organization. In this review, we will summarize what is currently known about the compartmental layout of the striatum, an organizational principle that is crucial for allowing the striatum to guide such a diverse array of behaviors. We will focus on the anatomical and functional properties of striosome (patch) and matrix compartments of the striatum, and how the engagement of these compartments is uniquely controlled by their afferents, intrinsic properties, and neuromodulation. We will give examples of how advances in technology have opened the door to functionally dissecting the striatum's compartmental design, and close by offering thoughts on the future and relevance for human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric M Prager
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Joshua L Plotkin
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
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18
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Janickova H, Kljakic O, Rosborough K, Raulic S, Matovic S, Gros R, Saksida LM, Bussey TJ, Inoue W, Prado VF, Prado MAM. Selective decrease of cholinergic signaling from pedunculopontine and laterodorsal tegmental nuclei has little impact on cognition but markedly increases susceptibility to stress. FASEB J 2019; 33:7018-7036. [PMID: 30857416 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201802108r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus (PPT) and laterodorsal tegmental nucleus (LDT) are heterogeneous brainstem structures that contain cholinergic, glutamatergic, and GABAergic neurons. PPT/LDT neurons are suggested to modulate both cognitive and noncognitive functions, yet the extent to which acetylcholine (ACh) signaling from the PPT/LDT is necessary for normal behavior remains uncertain. We addressed this issue by using a mouse model in which PPT/LDT cholinergic signaling is highly decreased by selective deletion of the vesicular ACh transporter (VAChT) gene. This approach interferes exclusively with ACh signaling, leaving signaling by other neurotransmitters from PPT/LDT cholinergic neurons intact and sparing other cells. VAChT mutants were examined on different PPT/LDT-associated cognitive domains. Interestingly, VAChT mutants showed no attentional deficits and only minor cognitive flexibility impairments while presenting large deficiencies in both spatial and cued Morris water maze (MWM) tasks. Conversely, working spatial memory determined with the Y-maze and spatial memory measured with the Barnes maze were not affected, suggesting that deficits in MWM were unrelated to spatial memory abnormalities. Supporting this interpretation, VAChT mutants exhibited alterations in anxiety-like behavior and increased corticosterone levels after exposure to the MWM, suggesting altered stress response. Thus, PPT/LDT VAChT-mutant mice present little cognitive impairment per se, yet they exhibit increased susceptibility to stress, which may lead to performance deficits in more stressful conditions.-Janickova, H., Kljakic, O., Rosborough, K., Raulic, S., Matovic, S., Gros, R., Saksida, L. M., Bussey, T. J., Inoue, W., Prado, V. F., Prado, M. A. M. Selective decrease of cholinergic signaling from pedunculopontine and laterodorsal tegmental nuclei has little impact on cognition but markedly increases susceptibility to stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Janickova
- Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ornela Kljakic
- Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kaie Rosborough
- Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sanda Raulic
- Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sara Matovic
- Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - Robert Gros
- Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - Lisa M Saksida
- Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; and.,Brain and Mind Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Timothy J Bussey
- Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; and.,Brain and Mind Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wataru Inoue
- Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - Vania F Prado
- Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; and.,Brain and Mind Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marco A M Prado
- Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; and.,Brain and Mind Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
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19
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Mansouri-Guilani N, Bernard V, Vigneault E, Vialou V, Daumas S, El Mestikawy S, Gangarossa G. VGLUT3 gates psychomotor effects induced by amphetamine. J Neurochem 2019; 148:779-795. [PMID: 30556914 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Several subtypes of modulatory neurons co-express vesicular glutamate transporters (VGLUTs) in addition to their cognate vesicular transporters. These neurons are believed to establish new forms of neuronal communication. The atypical VGLUT3 is of particular interest since in the striatum this subtype is found in tonically active cholinergic interneurons (TANs) and in a subset of 5-HT fibers. The striatum plays a major role in psychomotor effects induced by amphetamine. Whether and how VGLUT3-operated glutamate/ACh or glutamate/5HT co-transmissions modulates psychostimulants-induced maladaptive behaviors is still unknown. Here, we investigate the involvement of VGLUT3 and glutamate co-transmission in amphetamine-induced psychomotor effects and stereotypies. Taking advantage of constitutive and cell-type specific VGLUT3-deficient mouse lines, we tackled the hypothesis that VGLUT3 could gate psychomotor effects (locomotor activity and stereotypies) induced by acute or chronic administration of amphetamine. Interestingly, VGLUT3-null mice demonstrated blunted amphetamine-induced stereotypies as well as reduced striatal ∆FosB expression. VGLUT3-positive varicosities within the striatum arise in part from 5HT neurons. We tested the involvement of VGLUT3 deletion in serotoninergic neurons in amphetamine-induced stereotypies. Mice lacking VGLUT3 specifically in 5HT fibers showed no alteration to amphetamine sensitivity. In contrast, specific deletion of VGLUT3 in cholinergic neurons partially phenocopied the effects observed in the constitutive knock-out mice. Our results show that constitutive deletion of VGLUT3 modulates acute and chronic locomotor effects induced by amphetamine. They point to the fact that the expression of VGLUT3 in multiple brain areas is pivotal in gating amphetamine-induced psychomotor adaptations. OPEN SCIENCE BADGES: This article has received a badge for *Open Materials* because it provided all relevant information to reproduce the study in the manuscript. The complete Open Science Disclosure form for this article can be found at the end of the article. More information about the Open Practices badges can be found at https://cos.io/our-services/open-science-badges/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Mansouri-Guilani
- Neuroscience ParisSeine - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS - IBPS) INSERM, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Véronique Bernard
- Neuroscience ParisSeine - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS - IBPS) INSERM, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Erika Vigneault
- Neuroscience ParisSeine - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS - IBPS) INSERM, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Vincent Vialou
- Neuroscience ParisSeine - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS - IBPS) INSERM, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Stéphanie Daumas
- Neuroscience ParisSeine - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS - IBPS) INSERM, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Salah El Mestikawy
- Neuroscience ParisSeine - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS - IBPS) INSERM, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.,Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Hospital Research Center, McGill University, Verdun, Quebec, Canada
| | - Giuseppe Gangarossa
- Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Hospital Research Center, McGill University, Verdun, Quebec, Canada.,Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative (BFA) CNRS UMR8251, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
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20
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Abudukeyoumu N, Hernandez-Flores T, Garcia-Munoz M, Arbuthnott GW. Cholinergic modulation of striatal microcircuits. Eur J Neurosci 2018; 49:604-622. [PMID: 29797362 PMCID: PMC6587740 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this review is to bridge the gap between earlier literature on striatal cholinergic interneurons and mechanisms of microcircuit interaction demonstrated with the use of newly available tools. It is well known that the main source of the high level of acetylcholine in the striatum, compared to other brain regions, is the cholinergic interneurons. These interneurons provide an extensive local innervation that suggests they may be a key modulator of striatal microcircuits. Supporting this idea requires the consideration of functional properties of these interneurons, their influence on medium spiny neurons, other interneurons, and interactions with other synaptic regulators. Here, we underline the effects of intrastriatal and extrastriatal afferents onto cholinergic interneurons and discuss the activation of pre‐ and postsynaptic muscarinic and nicotinic receptors that participate in the modulation of intrastriatal neuronal interactions. We further address recent findings about corelease of other transmitters in cholinergic interneurons and actions of these interneurons in striosome and matrix compartments. In addition, we summarize recent evidence on acetylcholine‐mediated striatal synaptic plasticity and propose roles for cholinergic interneurons in normal striatal physiology. A short examination of their role in neurological disorders such as Parkinson's, Huntington's, and Tourette's pathologies and dystonia is also included.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Gordon W Arbuthnott
- Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, Japan
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21
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Vernon SW, Goodchild J, Baines RA. The VAChTY49N mutation provides insecticide-resistance but perturbs evoked cholinergic neurotransmission in Drosophila. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0203852. [PMID: 30204788 PMCID: PMC6133381 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0203852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Global agriculture and the control of insect disease vectors have developed with a heavy reliance on insecticides. The increasing incidence of resistance, for virtually all insecticides, threatens both food supply and effective control of insect borne disease. CASPP ((5-chloro-1’-[(E)-3-(4-chlorophenyl)allyl]spiro[indoline-3,4’-piperidine]-1-yl}-(2-chloro-4-pyridyl)methanone)) compounds are a potential new class of neuroactive insecticide specifically targeting the Vesicular Acetylcholine Transporter (VAChT). Resistance to CASPP, under laboratory conditions, has been reported following either up-regulation of wildtype VAChT expression or the presence of a specific point mutation (VAChTY49N). However, the underlying mechanism of CASPP-resistance, together with the consequence to insect viability of achieving resistance, is unknown. In this study, we use electrophysiological characterisation of cholinergic release at Drosophila larval interneuron→motoneuron synapses to investigate the physiological implications of these two identified modes of CASPP resistance. We show that both VAChT up-regulation or the expression of VAChTY49N increases miniature (mini) release frequency. Mini frequency appears deterministic of CASPP activity. However, maintenance of SV release is not indicative of resistance in all cases. This is evidenced through expression of syntaxin or complexin mutants (sytx3-61/cpxSH1) that show similarly high mini release frequency but are not resistant to CASPP. The VAChTY49N mutation additionally disrupts action potential-evoked cholinergic release and fictive locomotor patterning through depletion of releasable synaptic vesicles. This observation suggests a functional trade-off for this point mutation, which is not seen when wildtype VAChT is up-regulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel W. Vernon
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Jim Goodchild
- Syngenta Crop Protection Research, Bracknell, Berkshire, United Kingdom
| | - Richard A. Baines
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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22
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Zhao ML, Chen SJ, Li XH, Wang LN, Chen F, Zhong SJ, Yang C, Sun SK, Li JJ, Dong HJ, Dong YQ, Wang Y, Chen C. Optical Depolarization of DCX-Expressing Cells Promoted Cognitive Recovery and Maturation of Newborn Neurons via the Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 63:303-318. [PMID: 29614674 DOI: 10.3233/jad-180002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Liang Zhao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma Repair, Pingjin Hospital Brain Center, Logistics University of Chinese People’s Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, China
| | - Shi-Jin Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Yichang Second People’s Hospital, Hubei, China
| | - Xiao-Hong Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma Repair, Pingjin Hospital Brain Center, Logistics University of Chinese People’s Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, China
| | - Li-Na Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma Repair, Pingjin Hospital Brain Center, Logistics University of Chinese People’s Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma Repair, Pingjin Hospital Brain Center, Logistics University of Chinese People’s Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, China
| | - Shi-Jiang Zhong
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma Repair, Pingjin Hospital Brain Center, Logistics University of Chinese People’s Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, China
| | - Cheng Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma Repair, Pingjin Hospital Brain Center, Logistics University of Chinese People’s Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, China
| | - Sheng-Kai Sun
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma Repair, Pingjin Hospital Brain Center, Logistics University of Chinese People’s Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, China
| | - Jian-Jun Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma Repair, Pingjin Hospital Brain Center, Logistics University of Chinese People’s Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, China
| | - Hua-Jiang Dong
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma Repair, Pingjin Hospital Brain Center, Logistics University of Chinese People’s Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, China
| | - Yue-Qing Dong
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma Repair, Pingjin Hospital Brain Center, Logistics University of Chinese People’s Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma Repair, Pingjin Hospital Brain Center, Logistics University of Chinese People’s Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, China
| | - Chong Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma Repair, Pingjin Hospital Brain Center, Logistics University of Chinese People’s Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, China
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