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Helmuth TB, Kumari R, Palsa K, Neely EB, Slagle-Webb B, Simon SD, Connor JR. Common Mutation in the HFE Gene Modifies Recovery After Intracerebral Hemorrhage. Stroke 2023; 54:2886-2894. [PMID: 37750297 PMCID: PMC10996156 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.123.043799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is characterized by bleeding into the brain parenchyma. During an ICH, iron released from the breakdown of hemoglobin creates a cytotoxic environment in the brain through increased oxidative stress. Interestingly, the loss of iron homeostasis is associated with the pathological process of other neurological diseases. However, we have previously shown that the H63D mutation in the homeostatic iron regulatory (HFE) gene, prevalent in 28% of the White population in the United States, acts as a disease modifier by limiting oxidative stress. The following study aims to examine the effects of the murine homolog, H67D HFE, on ICH. METHODS An autologous blood infusion model was utilized to create an ICH in the right striatum of H67D and wild-type mice. The motor recovery of each animal was assessed by rotarod. Neurodegeneration was measured using fluorojade-B and mitochondrial damage was assessed by immunofluorescent numbers of CytC+ (cytochrome C) neurons and CytC+ astrocytes. Finally, the molecular antioxidant response to ICH was quantified by measuring Nrf2 (nuclear factor-erythroid 2 related factor), GPX4 (glutathione peroxidase 4), and FTH1 (H-ferritin) levels in the ICH-affected and nonaffected hemispheres via immunoblotting. RESULTS At 3 days post-ICH, H67D mice demonstrated enhanced performance on rotarod compared with wild-type animals despite no differences in lesion size. Additionally, H67D mice displayed higher levels of Nrf2, GPX4, and FTH1 in the ICH-affected hemisphere; however, these levels were not different in the contralateral, non-ICH-affected hemisphere. Furthermore, H67D mice showed decreased degenerated neurons, CytC+ Neurons, and CytC+ astrocytes in the perihematomal area. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that the H67D mutation induces a robust antioxidant response 3 days following ICH through Nrf2, GPX4, and FTH1 activation. This activation could explain the decrease in degenerated neurons, CytC+ neurons, and CytC+ astrocytes in the perihematomal region, leading to the improved motor recovery. Based on this study, further investigation into the mechanisms of this neuroprotective response and the effects of the H63D HFE mutation in a population of patients with ICH is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy B Helmuth
- Department of Neurosurgery (T.B.H., K.P., E.B.N., B.S.-W., S.D.S., J.R.C.), Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA
| | - Rashmi Kumari
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences (R.K.), Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA
| | - Kondaiah Palsa
- Department of Neurosurgery (T.B.H., K.P., E.B.N., B.S.-W., S.D.S., J.R.C.), Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA
| | - Elizabeth B Neely
- Department of Neurosurgery (T.B.H., K.P., E.B.N., B.S.-W., S.D.S., J.R.C.), Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA
| | - Becky Slagle-Webb
- Department of Neurosurgery (T.B.H., K.P., E.B.N., B.S.-W., S.D.S., J.R.C.), Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA
| | - Scott D Simon
- Department of Neurosurgery (T.B.H., K.P., E.B.N., B.S.-W., S.D.S., J.R.C.), Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA
| | - James R Connor
- Department of Neurosurgery (T.B.H., K.P., E.B.N., B.S.-W., S.D.S., J.R.C.), Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA
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Yi M, Li J, Jian S, Li B, Huang Z, Shu L, Zhang Y. Quantitative and causal analysis for inflammatory genes and the risk of Parkinson's disease. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1119315. [PMID: 36926335 PMCID: PMC10011457 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1119315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The dysfunction of immune system and inflammation contribute to the Parkinson's disease (PD) pathogenesis. Cytokines, oxidative stress, neurotoxin and metabolism associated enzymes participate in neuroinflammation in PD and the genes involved in them have been reported to be associated with the risk of PD. In our study, we performed a quantitative and causal analysis of the relationship between inflammatory genes and PD risk. Methods Standard process was performed for quantitative analysis. Allele model (AM) was used as primary outcome analysis and dominant model (DM) and recessive model (RM) were applied to do the secondary analysis. Then, for those genes significantly associated with the risk of PD, we used the published GWAS summary statistics for Mendelian Randomization (MR) to test the causal analysis between them. Results We included 36 variants in 18 genes for final pooled analysis. As a result, IL-6 rs1800795, TNF-α rs1799964, PON1 rs854560, CYP2D6 rs3892097, HLA-DRB rs660895, BST1 rs11931532, CCDC62 rs12817488 polymorphisms were associated with the risk of PD statistically with the ORs ranged from 0.66 to 3.19 while variants in IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-10, MnSOD, NFE2L2, CYP2E1, NOS1, NAT2, ABCB1, HFE and MTHFR were not related to the risk of PD. Besides, we observed that increasing ADP-ribosyl cyclase (coded by BST1) had causal effect on higher PD risk (OR[95%CI] =1.16[1.10-1.22]) while PON1(coded by PON1) shown probably protective effect on PD risk (OR[95%CI] =0.81[0.66-0.99]). Conclusion Several polymorphisms from inflammatory genes of IL-6, TNF-α, PON1, CYP2D6, HLA-DRB, BST1, CCDC62 were statistically associated with the susceptibility of PD, and with evidence of causal relationships for ADP-ribosyl cyclase and PON1 on PD risk, which may help understand the mechanisms and pathways underlying PD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhan Yi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jiaxin Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shijie Jian
- School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Binbin Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zini Huang
- Bangor College, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Li Shu
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory for Birth Defect Research and Prevention, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Jellen LC, Lewis MM, Du G, Wang X, Galvis MLE, Krzyzanowski S, Capan CD, Snyder AM, Connor JR, Kong L, Mailman RB, Brundin P, Brundin L, Huang X. Low plasma serotonin linked to higher nigral iron in Parkinson's disease. Sci Rep 2021; 11:24384. [PMID: 34934078 PMCID: PMC8692322 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03700-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A growing body of evidence suggests nigral iron accumulation plays an important role in the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease (PD), contributing to dopaminergic neuron loss in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc). Converging evidence suggests this accumulation might be related to, or increased by, serotonergic dysfunction, a common, often early feature of the disease. We investigated whether lower plasma serotonin in PD is associated with higher nigral iron. We obtained plasma samples from 97 PD patients and 89 controls and MRI scans from a sub-cohort (62 PD, 70 controls). We measured serotonin concentrations using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography and regional iron content using MRI-based quantitative susceptibility mapping. PD patients had lower plasma serotonin (p < 0.0001) and higher nigral iron content (SNc: p < 0.001) overall. Exclusively in PD, lower plasma serotonin was correlated with higher nigral iron (SNc: r(58) = - 0.501, p < 0.001). This correlation was significant even in patients newly diagnosed (< 1 year) and stronger in the SNc than any other region examined. This study reveals an early, linear association between low serotonin and higher nigral iron in PD patients, which is absent in controls. This is consistent with a serotonin-iron relationship in the disease process, warranting further studies to determine its cause and directionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie C Jellen
- Department of Neurology, Penn State University-Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Mechelle M Lewis
- Department of Neurology, Penn State University-Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State University-Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Guangwei Du
- Department of Neurology, Penn State University-Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Xi Wang
- Public Health Sciences, Penn State University-Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Martha L Escobar Galvis
- Parkinson's Disease Center, Department of Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, 333 Bostwick Ave NE, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
| | - Stanislaw Krzyzanowski
- Parkinson's Disease Center, Department of Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, 333 Bostwick Ave NE, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
| | - Colt D Capan
- Parkinson's Disease Center, Department of Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, 333 Bostwick Ave NE, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
| | - Amanda M Snyder
- Department of Neurology, Penn State University-Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - James R Connor
- Department of Neurology, Penn State University-Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Lan Kong
- Public Health Sciences, Penn State University-Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Richard B Mailman
- Department of Neurology, Penn State University-Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State University-Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Patrik Brundin
- Parkinson's Disease Center, Department of Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, 333 Bostwick Ave NE, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
| | - Lena Brundin
- Parkinson's Disease Center, Department of Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, 333 Bostwick Ave NE, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA.
- Division of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Grand Rapids, MI, USA.
| | - Xuemei Huang
- Department of Neurology, Penn State University-Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State University-Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA.
- Departments of Neurosurgery and Radiology, Penn State University-Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA.
- Department of Kinesiology, Penn State University-Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA.
- Translational Brain Research Center, Penn State University-Hershey Medical Center, 500 University Dr., Mail Code H037, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA.
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Zanella I, Focà E, Degli-Antoni M, Castelli F, Quiros-Roldan E. An HIV elite controller patient carrying the homozygous H63D variant in the homeostatic iron regulator gene: A case report. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e27732. [PMID: 34766580 PMCID: PMC10545298 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000027732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE HIV elite controllers represent a rare subset of persons living with HIV, able to spontaneously control viral replication without antiviral therapy. HLA-B∗57 and HLA-B∗27 alleles are associated to efficient polyfunctional CD8+ T-cell response and are overrepresented in elite controllers but these alleles alone incompletely explain spontaneous HIV replication control in these subjects. Further mechanisms involved in innate and adaptive immune response and host genetics may contribute to this control. In this context, the homeostatic iron regulator (HFE) gene encodes a major histocompatibility complex-class-I-like molecule involved in both innate immunity, acting also through autophagy regulation, and iron homeostasis, strictly related to immune functions and susceptibility to infections. PATIENT CONCERNS Homozygousity for the p.His63Asp (H63D) variant in the HFE gene was identified in an 80-year-old HIV-infected woman with spontaneous control of viral replication. DIAGNOSIS HIV-1 RNA was undetectable in patient's serum with a routine assay and an ultra-sensitive assay (<1 copy/mL) during the 30 years follow-up. CD4+ and CD8+ T cell counts were stable and normal during all this period. INTERVENTIONS The patient had a history of absence of any physical ailment and no antiviral therapy has been prescribed during the 30 years of follow-up. The subject did not harbor HLA-B∗57 and HLA-B∗27 alleles. HFE gene was sequenced by Sanger, as part of a larger study on a cohort of HIV infected patients, aged >65 years and screened for polymorphisms in genes belonging to several pathways involved in neuroinflammation. OUTCOMES The woman had CD4+ and CD8+ T cell normal values and spontaneously controlled serum HIV-1 RNA levels for 30 years. LESSONS We assume that the interplay between the HFE H63D variant in homozygosity and innate immunity, perhaps through autophagy regulation, could play a role in HIV-1 replication control in our patient. This hypothesis needs to be explored in in vitro and in vivo studies. Understanding mechanisms involved in spontaneous control of HIV-1 replication remains indeed a challenge due to its possible implications for HIV cure research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Zanella
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics Section, Diagnostic Department, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Emanuele Focà
- University Division of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, University of Brescia and ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Melania Degli-Antoni
- University Division of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, University of Brescia and ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Francesco Castelli
- University Division of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, University of Brescia and ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Eugenia Quiros-Roldan
- University Division of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, University of Brescia and ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
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Common and rare variants in HFE are not associated with Parkinson's disease in Europeans. Neurobiol Aging 2021; 107:174-177. [PMID: 34215448 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2021.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A recent study suggested that the p.H63D variant in HFE, a gene involved in iron homeostasis, may modify α-synuclein pathology, the pathological hallmark of Parkinson's disease (PD). If indeed this gene and specific variant are involved in PD, we expect to find differential distribution of HFE variants when comparing PD patients and controls. We analyzed genome-wide association study (GWAS) data from 14,671 PD patients and 17,667 controls and full sequencing data from additional 1647 PD patients and 1050 controls, using logistic regression models, and burden and Kernel tests. The HFE p.H63D variant was not associated with PD, nor did all the other common variants in the HFE locus. We did not find association of rare HFE variants with PD as well in all types of burden and Kernel tests. Our results do not support a role for HFE in PD risk.
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Tuo QZ, Lei P. Iron promotes the clearance of α-synuclein: An Editorial for 'H63D variant of the homeostatic iron regulator (HFE) gene alters α-synuclein expression, aggregation, and toxicity" on page 177. J Neurochem 2020; 155:117-119. [PMID: 32754933 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Both elevated iron and α-synuclein (α-syn) aggregates are neuropathological hallmarks of Parkinson's disease (PD). It has been previously shown that iron promotes α-synuclein aggregation, and α-synuclein dysfunction impairs iron metabolism. In their latest work, Kim et al. have shown that the H63D variant of the homeostatic iron regulator (HFE) facilitates α-syn degradation via REDD1-mediated autophagy. Mice with the H63D variant of HFE were protected against α-syn toxicity. These results may shed light on recent clinical studies of PD using iron chelation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Zhang Tuo
- Department of Neurology and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Peng Lei
- Department of Neurology and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
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Kim Y, Connor JR. The roles of iron and HFE genotype in neurological diseases. Mol Aspects Med 2020; 75:100867. [PMID: 32654761 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2020.100867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Iron accumulation is a recurring pathological phenomenon in many neurological diseases including Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and others. Iron is essential for normal development and functions of the brain; however, excess redox-active iron can also lead to oxidative damage and cell death. Especially for terminally differentiated cells like neurons, regulation of reactive oxygen species is critical for cell viability. As a result, cellular iron level is tightly regulated. Although iron accumulation related to neurological diseases has been well documented, the pathoetiological contributions of the homeostatic iron regulator (HFE), which controls cellular iron uptake, is less understood. Furthermore, a common HFE variant, H63D HFE, has been identified as a modifier of multiple neurological diseases. This review will discuss the roles of iron and HFE in the brain as well as their impact on various disease processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunsung Kim
- Penn State College of Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - James R Connor
- Penn State College of Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, Hershey, PA, USA.
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