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Hartana CA, Lancien M, Gao C, Rassadkina Y, Lichterfeld M, Yu XG. IL-15-dependent immune crosstalk between natural killer cells and dendritic cells in HIV-1 elite controllers. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113530. [PMID: 38048223 PMCID: PMC10765318 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
As the principal effector cell population of the innate immune system, natural killer (NK) cells may make critical contributions to natural, immune-mediated control of HIV-1 replication. Using genome-wide assessments of activating and inhibitory chromatin features, we demonstrate here that cytotoxic NK (cNK) cells from elite controllers (ECs) display elevated activating histone modifications at the interleukin 2 (IL-2)/IL-15 receptor β chain and the BCL2 gene loci. These histone changes translate into increased responsiveness of cNK cells to paracrine IL-15 secretion, which coincides with higher levels of IL-15 transcription by myeloid dendritic cells in ECs. The distinct immune crosstalk between these innate immune cell populations results in improved IL-15-dependent cNK cell survival and cytotoxicity, paired with a metabolic profile biased toward IL-15-mediated glycolytic activities. Together, these results suggest that cNK cells from ECs display a programmed IL-15 response signature and support the emerging role of innate immune pathways in natural, drug-free control of HIV-1.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Melanie Lancien
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Ce Gao
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | - Mathias Lichterfeld
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Infectious Disease Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Xu G Yu
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Infectious Disease Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Kennedy BD, Blazkova J, Justement JS, Shi V, Rai MA, Manning MR, Praiss L, Gittens K, Wender PA, Patro S, Wu X, Moir S, Chun TW. Comprehensive analysis of HIV reservoirs in elite controllers. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:e165446. [PMID: 36719383 PMCID: PMC9888367 DOI: 10.1172/jci165446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Brooke D. Kennedy
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, and
| | - Jana Blazkova
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, and
| | - Jesse S. Justement
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, and
| | - Victoria Shi
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, and
| | - M. Ali Rai
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, and
| | - Maegan R. Manning
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, and
| | - Lauren Praiss
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, and
| | | | - Paul A. Wender
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Sean Patro
- Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Xiaolin Wu
- Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Susan Moir
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, and
| | - Tae-Wook Chun
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, and
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De La Torre-Tarazona E, Ayala-Suárez R, Díez-Fuertes F, Alcamí J. Omic Technologies in HIV: Searching Transcriptional Signatures Involved in Long-Term Non-Progressor and HIV Controller Phenotypes. Front Immunol 2022; 13:926499. [PMID: 35844607 PMCID: PMC9284212 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.926499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This article reviews the main discoveries achieved by transcriptomic approaches on HIV controller (HIC) and long-term non-progressor (LTNP) individuals, who are able to suppress HIV replication and maintain high CD4+ T cell levels, respectively, in the absence of antiretroviral therapy. Different studies using high throughput techniques have elucidated multifactorial causes implied in natural control of HIV infection. Genes related to IFN response, calcium metabolism, ribosome biogenesis, among others, are commonly differentially expressed in LTNP/HIC individuals. Additionally, pathways related with activation, survival, proliferation, apoptosis and inflammation, can be deregulated in these individuals. Likewise, recent transcriptomic studies include high-throughput sequencing in specific immune cell subpopulations, finding additional gene expression patterns associated to viral control and/or non-progression in immune cell subsets. Herein, we provide an overview of the main differentially expressed genes and biological routes commonly observed on immune cells involved in HIV infection from HIC and LTNP individuals, analyzing also different technical aspects that could affect the data analysis and the future perspectives and gaps to be addressed in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erick De La Torre-Tarazona
- Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) Immunopathology Unit, National Center for Microbiology, Institute of Health Carlos III, Majadahonda, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rubén Ayala-Suárez
- Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) Immunopathology Unit, National Center for Microbiology, Institute of Health Carlos III, Majadahonda, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biomedicina y Biotecnología, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Francisco Díez-Fuertes
- Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) Immunopathology Unit, National Center for Microbiology, Institute of Health Carlos III, Majadahonda, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Francisco Díez-Fuertes,
| | - José Alcamí
- Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) Immunopathology Unit, National Center for Microbiology, Institute of Health Carlos III, Majadahonda, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Unit, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Sepúlveda-Crespo D, Rallón N, Muñoz-Gómez MJ, Brochado-Kith O, Jiménez JL, Muñoz-Fernández MÁ, Benito JM, Resino S. High Plasma sTNF-R1 Level Is Related to Loss of Natural HIV Control in Long-Term Elite Controllers. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:858872. [PMID: 35372109 PMCID: PMC8968196 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.858872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) elite controllers are heterogeneous due to different immunovirological features. We aimed to identify plasma biomarkers associated with loss of spontaneous HIV-1 control in long-term elite controllers (HIV-LTECs). We performed a retrospective study in 60 HIV-LTECs [36 true-LTECs and 24 LTECs losing control (LTECs-LC)]. We selected a plasma sample from true-LTECs (towards the middle of the follow-up period) and two samples from LTECs-LC (one far from the loss of control and another close to loss of control). Plasma biomarkers were evaluated using multiplex immunoassays. The partial least squares-discriminant analysis provided the variable importance in projection (VIP), and the adjusted Generalized Linear Model provided the adjusted arithmetic mean ratio (aAMR). At the moment of the first LTECs-LC samples, the only plasma biomarker with a VIP≥1.5 was sTNF-R1, which showed higher values in LTECs-LC than true-LTECs [aAMR=1.62 (95%CI=1.20-2.19); p=0.001]. After a median of 3.9 (IQR=4.5) years of follow-up from the first sample, we also had access to a second plasma sample from 10 LTECs-LC patients. At the moment of this second LTECs-LC sample, the only plasma biomarker with VIP≥1.5 was also sTNF-R1, which showed higher values in LTECs-LC than true-LTECs [aAMR=1.93 (95%CI=1.41-2.65); p<0.001]. The difference between the first and second samples of LTECs-LC was significant (Δx= 6.58 (95%=0.3; 12.88); p=0.040). In conclusion, high plasma values of sTNF-R1 appear to discriminate HIV-LTECs that lose the natural control of HIV-1, helping to define a specific phenotype that may be useful for the clinical management of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Sepúlveda-Crespo
- Unidad de Infección Viral e Inmunidad, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Spain
| | - Norma Rallón
- HIV and Viral Hepatitis Research Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, Spain
- *Correspondence: Norma Rallón, ; ; Salvador Resino,
| | - María José Muñoz-Gómez
- Unidad de Infección Viral e Inmunidad, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Spain
| | - Oscar Brochado-Kith
- Unidad de Infección Viral e Inmunidad, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Spain
| | - José Luis Jiménez
- Plataforma de Laboratorio, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón (HGUGM), Madrid, Spain
- Spanish HIV HGM Biobank, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - María Ángeles Muñoz-Fernández
- Plataforma de Laboratorio, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón (HGUGM), Madrid, Spain
- Spanish HIV HGM Biobank, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
- Sección Inmunología, Laboratorio InmunoBiología Molecular, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón (HGUGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - José M. Benito
- HIV and Viral Hepatitis Research Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, Spain
| | - Salvador Resino
- Unidad de Infección Viral e Inmunidad, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Spain
- *Correspondence: Norma Rallón, ; ; Salvador Resino,
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Phatak UA, Gosavi VS, Chitale PV. Study of 172 Cases of AIDS Associated Cancers. J Assoc Physicians India 2022; 70:11-12. [PMID: 35062808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This retrospective study was conducted to evaluate the behaviour of AIDS associated cancers treated with comprehensive cancer treatment along with highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART). METHODS 172 AIDS-associated cancers were diagnosed and treated during 2003 to 2021. HIV status was evaluated by ELISA, viral load and CD4/CD8 counts. They were treated with different cancer treatment modalities for cancers, HAART for HIV infection and followed up periodically. RESULTS Of 172 cases of AIDS associated cancers, AIDS-Defining Cancers (ADCs) were seen in 84 (48.84%) and non-AIDS-Defining Cancers (NADC) in 88 patients (51.16%). Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma was the commonest AIDS-defining cancer in 58 (69.05%) patients. Extranodal presentations of ARLs was seen in 28 cases (19.86%) followed by cervical cancers in 26 (30.95%) women with HIV infection. Kaposi's sarcoma was not found. Head and neck cancers were the most common cancers in NADCs, followed by breast cancers and other types of cancers. Only two patients had HIV-2 associated cancers. One patient had immune reconstitution syndrome (IRIS).Long-term non-progressor HIV infection with cancer was seen in one patient. 49 patients (28.49%) were receiving HAART. CONCLUSIONS AIDS-associated cancers are seen in advanced stage of HIV infection. Concurrent chemotherapy and anti-retroviral therapy for ADCs show good control of both diseases. Non-AIDS-defining cancers do not show predictable response to anti-retroviral therapy. KS is not seen in our study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uday A Phatak
- Physician, 2 Consultant Surgeon, Shri Siddhivinayak Ganapati Cancer Hospital, Miraj, Maharashtra; Corresponding Author
| | - Vikas S Gosavi
- Consultant Surgeon, Shri Siddhivinayak Ganapati Cancer Hospital, Miraj, Maharashtra
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Zanella I, Focà E, Degli-Antoni M, Castelli F, Quiros-Roldan E. An HIV elite controller patient carrying the homozygous H63D variant in the homeostatic iron regulator gene: A case report. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e27732. [PMID: 34766580 PMCID: PMC10545298 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000027732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE HIV elite controllers represent a rare subset of persons living with HIV, able to spontaneously control viral replication without antiviral therapy. HLA-B∗57 and HLA-B∗27 alleles are associated to efficient polyfunctional CD8+ T-cell response and are overrepresented in elite controllers but these alleles alone incompletely explain spontaneous HIV replication control in these subjects. Further mechanisms involved in innate and adaptive immune response and host genetics may contribute to this control. In this context, the homeostatic iron regulator (HFE) gene encodes a major histocompatibility complex-class-I-like molecule involved in both innate immunity, acting also through autophagy regulation, and iron homeostasis, strictly related to immune functions and susceptibility to infections. PATIENT CONCERNS Homozygousity for the p.His63Asp (H63D) variant in the HFE gene was identified in an 80-year-old HIV-infected woman with spontaneous control of viral replication. DIAGNOSIS HIV-1 RNA was undetectable in patient's serum with a routine assay and an ultra-sensitive assay (<1 copy/mL) during the 30 years follow-up. CD4+ and CD8+ T cell counts were stable and normal during all this period. INTERVENTIONS The patient had a history of absence of any physical ailment and no antiviral therapy has been prescribed during the 30 years of follow-up. The subject did not harbor HLA-B∗57 and HLA-B∗27 alleles. HFE gene was sequenced by Sanger, as part of a larger study on a cohort of HIV infected patients, aged >65 years and screened for polymorphisms in genes belonging to several pathways involved in neuroinflammation. OUTCOMES The woman had CD4+ and CD8+ T cell normal values and spontaneously controlled serum HIV-1 RNA levels for 30 years. LESSONS We assume that the interplay between the HFE H63D variant in homozygosity and innate immunity, perhaps through autophagy regulation, could play a role in HIV-1 replication control in our patient. This hypothesis needs to be explored in in vitro and in vivo studies. Understanding mechanisms involved in spontaneous control of HIV-1 replication remains indeed a challenge due to its possible implications for HIV cure research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Zanella
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics Section, Diagnostic Department, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Emanuele Focà
- University Division of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, University of Brescia and ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Melania Degli-Antoni
- University Division of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, University of Brescia and ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Francesco Castelli
- University Division of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, University of Brescia and ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Eugenia Quiros-Roldan
- University Division of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, University of Brescia and ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
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Trivedi S, Afroz T, Bennett MS, Angell K, Barros F, Nell RA, Ying J, Spivak AM, Leung DT. Diverse Mucosal-Associated Invariant TCR Usage in HIV Infection. Immunohorizons 2021; 5:360-369. [PMID: 34045357 PMCID: PMC10563122 DOI: 10.4049/immunohorizons.2100026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are innate-like T cells that specifically target bacterial metabolites but are also identified as innate-like sensors of viral infection. Individuals with chronic HIV-1 infection have lower numbers of circulating MAIT cells compared with healthy individuals, yet the features of the MAIT TCR repertoire are not well known. We isolated and stimulated human PBMCs from healthy non-HIV-infected donors (HD), HIV-infected progressors on antiretroviral therapy, and HIV-infected elite controllers (EC). We sorted MAIT cells using flow cytometry and used a high-throughput sequencing method with bar coding to link the expression of TCRα, TCRβ, and functional genes of interest at the single-cell level. We show differential patterns of MAIT TCR usage among the groups. We observed expansions of certain dominant MAIT clones in HIV-infected individuals upon Escherichia coli stimulation, which was not observed in clones of HD. We also found different patterns of CDR3 amino acid distributions among the three groups. Furthermore, we found blunted expression of phenotypic genes in HIV individuals; most notably, HD mounted a robust IFNG response to stimulation, whereas both HIV-infected progressors and EC did not. In conclusion, our study describes the diverse MAIT TCR repertoire of persons with chronic HIV-1 infection and suggest that MAIT clones of HIV-infected persons may be primed for expansion more than that of noninfected persons. Further studies are needed to examine the functional significance of unique MAIT cell TCR usage in EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubhanshi Trivedi
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT; and
| | - Taliman Afroz
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT; and
| | - Michael S Bennett
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT; and
| | - Kendal Angell
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT; and
| | - Fabio Barros
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT; and
| | - Racheal A Nell
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT; and
| | - Jian Ying
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT; and
| | - Adam M Spivak
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT; and
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Daniel T Leung
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT; and
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
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