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Nasirzadeh A, Jahanshahi R, Ghajarzadeh M, Mohammadi A, Sahraian MA, Moghadasi AN. The Prevalence of Cancer in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis (MS) who were Under Treatment with Natalizumab (Tysabri): A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Int J Prev Med 2023; 14:114. [PMID: 38264560 PMCID: PMC10803669 DOI: 10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_77_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background To determine the pooled prevalence of cancer in subjects with multiple sclerosis (MS) who received Natalizumab. Methods Two researchers systematically searched PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, Web of Science, google scholar, and gray literature including references of the included studies. The search strategy which was used in PubMed was ("Disseminated Sclerosis" OR "multiple sclerosis" OR "MS" OR "Acute Fulminating") AND ("Cancer" OR "Neoplasia*" OR "Neoplasm*" OR "Tumor*" OR "Malignancy" OR "Benign Neoplasm" OR "Malignant neoplasm") AND ("Tysabri" OR "Antegren" OR "natalizumab" OR "Modifying Therapy"). Results: We found 1,993 articles by literature search, and 1,573 studies remained after removing duplicate studies. For metaanalysis, we used the extracted data of eight studies. The pooled prevalence of cancer in patients who received Natalizumab was 2% (95%CI: 1-3%; I2: 99.4%, P < 0.001). The pooled prevalence of basal cell carcinoma in patients with cancer was 12% (95%CI: 5-20%; I2:50.3%, P = 0.13). Conclusions The main finding of this systematic review and metaanalysis is that the pooled prevalence of cancer in subjects who suffer from MS and received natalizumab was 2%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirreza Nasirzadeh
- Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Mahsa Ghajarzadeh
- Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Universal Council of Epidemiology (UCE), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aida Mohammadi
- Universal Council of Epidemiology (UCE), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Sahraian
- Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abdorreza Naser Moghadasi
- Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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2
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Nguyen TL, Choi Y, Im J, Shin H, Phan NM, Kim MK, Choi SW, Kim J. Immunosuppressive biomaterial-based therapeutic vaccine to treat multiple sclerosis via re-establishing immune tolerance. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7449. [PMID: 36460677 PMCID: PMC9718828 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35263-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Current therapies for autoimmune diseases, such as multiple sclerosis (MS), induce broad suppression of the immune system, potentially promoting opportunistic infections. Here, we report an immunosuppressive biomaterial-based therapeutic vaccine carrying self-antigen and tolerance-inducing inorganic nanoparticles to treat experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a mouse model mimicking human MS. Immunization with self-antigen-loaded mesoporous nanoparticles generates Foxp3+ regulatory T-cells in spleen and systemic immune tolerance in EAE mice, reducing central nervous system-infiltrating antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and autoreactive CD4+ T-cells. Introducing reactive oxygen species (ROS)-scavenging cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeNP) to self-antigen-loaded nanovaccine additionally suppresses activation of APCs and enhances antigen-specific immune tolerance, inducing recovery in mice from complete paralysis at the late, chronic stage of EAE, which shows similarity to chronic human MS. This study clearly shows that the ROS-scavenging capability of catalytic inorganic nanoparticles could be utilized to enhance tolerogenic features in APCs, leading to antigen-specific immune tolerance, which could be exploited in treating MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh Loc Nguyen
- grid.264381.a0000 0001 2181 989XSchool of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419 Republic of Korea
| | - Youngjin Choi
- grid.264381.a0000 0001 2181 989XSchool of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419 Republic of Korea ,grid.35541.360000000121053345Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792 Republic of Korea
| | - Jihye Im
- grid.264381.a0000 0001 2181 989XSchool of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunsu Shin
- grid.264381.a0000 0001 2181 989XSchool of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419 Republic of Korea
| | - Ngoc Man Phan
- grid.264381.a0000 0001 2181 989XSchool of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419 Republic of Korea
| | - Min Kyung Kim
- grid.264381.a0000 0001 2181 989XDepartment of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Seoul, 06355 Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Woo Choi
- grid.264381.a0000 0001 2181 989XDepartment of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Seoul, 06355 Republic of Korea ,grid.412480.b0000 0004 0647 3378Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, 13620 Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeyun Kim
- grid.264381.a0000 0001 2181 989XSchool of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419 Republic of Korea ,grid.264381.a0000 0001 2181 989XDepartment of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Seoul, 06355 Republic of Korea ,grid.264381.a0000 0001 2181 989XBiomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419 Republic of Korea ,grid.264381.a0000 0001 2181 989XInstitute of Quantum Biophysics (IQB), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419 Republic of Korea
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De Vos M, Van Schependom J. Artificial intelligence will change MS care within the next 10 years: No. Mult Scler 2022; 28:2173-2174. [DOI: 10.1177/13524585221125376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maarten De Vos
- Departments of Electrical Engineering (ESAT) and Development & Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jeroen Van Schependom
- AIMS, Center for Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Electronics and Informatics (ETRO), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
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4
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Lind J, Persson S, Vincent J, Lindenfalk B, Oliver BJ, Smith AD, Andersson Gäre B. Contact patterns and costs of multiple sclerosis in the Swedish healthcare system-A population-based quantitative study. Brain Behav 2022; 12:e2582. [PMID: 35511113 PMCID: PMC9226803 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The burden of disease for persons with multiple sclerosis (MS) and society is changing due to new treatments. Knowledge about the total need for care is necessary in relation to changing needs and new service models. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to describe the contact patterns for MS patients, calculate costs in health care, and create meaningful subgroups to analyze contact patterns. METHODS All patients diagnosed with MS at Ryhov Hospital were included. All contacts in the region from January 1, 2018, until September 30, 2019, were retrieved from the hospital administrative system. Data about age, sex, contacts, and diagnosis were registered. The cost was calculated using case costing, and costs for prescriptions were calculated from medical files. RESULTS During the 21-month period, patients (n = 305) had 9628 contacts and 7471 physical visits, with a total cost of $7,766,109. Seventeen percent of the patients accounted for 48% of the visits. The median annual cost was $7386 in the group with 10 or fewer visits, compared to $22,491 in patients with more than 50 visits. CONCLUSION There are considerable differences in the utilization of care and cost between patients with MS in an unselected population, meaning that the care needs to be better customized to each patient's demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Lind
- Section of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, County Hospital Ryhov, Jönköping, Sweden.,Division of Neurobiology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Sofia Persson
- Department of Public Health and Health Care, Region Jönköping County, Jönköping, Sweden.,Jönköping Academy for Improvement of Health and Welfare, School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden
| | - Jonatan Vincent
- Department of Public Health and Health Care, Region Jönköping County, Jönköping, Sweden
| | - Bertil Lindenfalk
- Jönköping Academy for Improvement of Health and Welfare, School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden
| | - Brant J Oliver
- Departments of Community and Family Medicine, Psychiatry, and the Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice at the Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Andrew D Smith
- Multiple Sclerosis Center, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center and Geisel School of Medicine Dartmouth College, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Boel Andersson Gäre
- Jönköping Academy for Improvement of Health and Welfare, School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Jönköping and Futurum, Region Jönköping County, Sweden
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5
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Real-world outcomes of teriflunomide in relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis: a prospective cohort study. J Neurol 2022; 269:4808-4816. [PMID: 35403875 PMCID: PMC8995164 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-022-11118-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Objectives To explore efficacy, risk factors, safety, and persistence of teriflunomide in relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) cohort. Methods This prospective, observational cohort study included 217 consecutive teriflunomide treated RRMS patients, 192 of which with at least 3-month persistence on teriflunomide were included in effectiveness and risk factor analyses. Multivariate Cox proportional regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with failure of no evidence of disease activity (NEDA) 3. Results At baseline 82% patients were treatment naïve while 18.0% interferon-β1b treated patients had stopped treatments for more than 1 year. After treatment, 79.0% patients achieved NEDA 3 at 12-month, mean annualized relapse rate (ARR) reduced significantly (0.79 ± 0.80 vs 0.16 ± 0.70; P < 0.001), and mean expanded disability status score (EDSS) remained stable (1.40 ± 1.67 vs 1.56 ± 1.88; P > 0.05). Male sex (hazard ratio [HR] 1.856; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.118–3.082, P < 0.05), baseline EDSS score ≥ 4 (HR 2.682; 95% CI 1.375–5.231, P < 0.01), and frequent relapses before treatment (HR 3.056; 95% CI 1.737–5.377, P < 0.01) were independent factors significantly associated with failure of NEDA 3. The most frequent adverse events (AEs) were hair thinning, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) elevation, and leukopenia, the latter two most commonly lead to teriflunomide discontinuation during the first 3 months. Persistence rates at 6, 12, and 24 months after teriflunomide initiation were 86.9%, 72.4%, and 52.8%, respectively. Conclusions Our results support efficacy and tolerability of teriflunomide for treatment-naïve RRMS patients in real-world practice. Female patients, patients with less relapses and less disability before treatment are most likely to benefit from teriflunomide treatment.
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Fernandez O, Costa-Frossard L, Martínez-Ginés ML, Montero P, Prieto-González JM, Ramió-Torrentà L. Integrated Management of Multiple Sclerosis Spasticity and Associated Symptoms Using the Spasticity-Plus Syndrome Concept: Results of a Structured Specialists' Discussion Using the Workmat ® Methodology. Front Neurol 2021; 12:722801. [PMID: 34646229 PMCID: PMC8503561 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.722801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) treatment has radically improved over the last years; however, MS symptom management is still challenging. The novel Spasticity-Plus syndrome was conceptualized to frame several spasticity-related symptoms that can be addressed together with broad-spectrum medication, such as certain cannabinoid-based drugs. The aim of this project was to gain insight into Spanish neurologists' clinical experience on MS spasticity and associated symptoms, and to assess the acknowledgment and applicability of the Spasticity-Plus syndrome concept in patients with MS. Methods: Ten online meetings were conducted using the Workmat® methodology to allow structured discussions. Fifty-five Spanish neurologists, experts in MS management, completed and discussed a set of predefined exercises comprising MS symptom assessment and its management in clinical practice, MS symptoms clustering in clinical practice, and their perception of the Spasticity-Plus syndrome concept. This document presents the quantitative and qualitative results of these discussions. Results: The specialists considered that polytherapy is a common concern in MS and that simplifying the management of MS spasticity and associated manifestations could be useful. They generally agreed that MS spasticity should be diagnosed before moderate or severe forms appear. According to the neurologists' clinical experience, symptoms commonly associated with MS spasticity included spasms/cramps (100% of the specialists), pain (85%), bladder dysfunction (62%), bowel dysfunction (42%), sleep disorders (42%), and sexual dysfunction (40%). The multiple correspondence analysis revealed two main symptom clusters: spasticity-spasms/cramps-pain, and ataxia-instability-vertigo. Twelve out of 16 symptoms (75%) were scored >7 in a 0-10 QoL impact scale by the specialists, representing a moderate-high impact. The MS specialists considered that pain, spasticity, spasms/cramps, bladder dysfunction, and depression should be a treatment priority given their frequency and chance of therapeutic success. The neurologists agreed on the usefulness of the new Spasticity-Plus syndrome concept to manage spasticity and associated symptoms together, and their experience with treatments targeting the cannabinoid system was satisfactory. Conclusions: The applicability of the new concept of Spasticity-Plus in MS clinical practice seems possible and may lead to an integrated management of several MS symptoms, thus reducing the treatment burden of disease symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Fernandez
- Department of Pharmacology, Biomedical Research Institute of Malaga, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | | | | | - Paloma Montero
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Lluís Ramió-Torrentà
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari de Girona Doctor Josep Trueta, Girona, Spain.,Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain.,Medical Sciences Department, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
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7
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Han B, Zhang YY, Ye ZQ, Xiao Y, Rasouli J, Wu WC, Ye SM, Guo XY, Zhu L, Rostami A, Wang LB, Zhang Y, Li X. Montelukast alleviates inflammation in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by altering Th17 differentiation in a mouse model. Immunology 2021; 163:185-200. [PMID: 33480040 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Montelukast is a leukotriene receptor antagonist that is known to prevent allergic rhinitis and asthma. Blocking the Cysteinyl leukotriene receptor (CysLTR1), one of the primary receptors of leukotrienes, has been demonstrated to be efficacious in ameliorating experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of multiple sclerosis (MS), through disrupting chemotaxis of infiltrating T cells. However, the role of CysLTR1 in the pathogenesis of MS is not well understood. Here, we show that MS patients had higher expression of CysLTR1 in the circulation and central nervous system (CNS). The majority of CD4+ T cells expressed CysLTR1 in MS lesions. Among T-cell subsets, Th17 cells had the highest expression of CysLTR1, and blocking CysLTR1 signalling abrogated their development in vitro. Inhibition of CysLTR1 by montelukast suppressed EAE development in both a prophylactic and therapeutic manner and inhibited myelin loss in EAE mice. Similarly, the in vivo results showed that montelukast inhibited Th17 response in EAE mice and that Th17 cells treated with montelukast had reduced encephalitogenic in adoptive EAE. Our findings strongly suggest that targeting Th17 response by inhibiting CysLTR1 signalling could be a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of MS and CNS inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Han
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yan-Yan Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ze-Qing Ye
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yun Xiao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Javad Rasouli
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Wen-Cheng Wu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Su-Min Ye
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xin-Yue Guo
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | | | - Li-Bin Wang
- The General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xing Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
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8
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Sjöwall J, Xirotagaros G, Anderson CD, Sjöwall C, Dahle C. Case Report: Borrelia-DNA Revealed the Cause of Arthritis and Dermatitis During Treatment With Rituximab. Front Neurol 2021; 12:645298. [PMID: 33643217 PMCID: PMC7907593 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.645298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Borrelia-specific antibodies in serum did not contribute to the diagnosis of Borrelia arthritis or Borrelia-associated dermatitis in a young woman with ongoing treatment with rituximab due to multiple sclerosis. The diagnosis was confirmed by the detection of Borrelia-DNA in a skin punch biopsy. The patient history did not reveal any tick exposure. She had suffered for several months from fluctuating pain and swelling of the right knee as well as skin involvement with redness and oedema around the ankle of the same leg. Monoarthritis was confirmed by a rheumatologist. Knee puncture was performed but the synovial fluid was only sufficient for microscopic examination of crystals. Neither monosodium urate crystals nor calcium pyrophosphate crystals were found. Borrelia serology in blood revealed borderline levels of immunoglobulin (Ig)M and IgG, respectively. Treatment with doxycycline resulted in resolution of the joint and skin manifestations within a month. This case highlights that Borrelia-specific antibody levels cannot be reliably interpreted in patients who have received B-cell depleting therapy. Under these circumstances, detection of the bacterial genome in different body fluids, such as in the skin, can be a useful complement to the diagnosis of Lyme disease. In this young female, the diagnosis would certainly have been further delayed without the detection of Borrelia-DNA in the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Sjöwall
- Infectious Diseases/Division of Inflammation and Infection, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Georgios Xirotagaros
- Dermatology and Venereology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Chris D Anderson
- Dermatology and Venereology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Christopher Sjöwall
- Rheumatology/Division of Inflammation and Infection, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Charlotte Dahle
- Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine/Division of Inflammation and Infection, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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9
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Boremalm M, Sundström P, Salzer J. Discontinuation and dose reduction of rituximab in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. J Neurol 2021; 268:2161-2168. [PMID: 33475825 PMCID: PMC7818716 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-021-10399-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Background Rituximab is safe and effective for treating relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) according to phase II and observational studies. There are limited data on disease activity after discontinuation and dose reduction. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects on inflammatory disease activity after discontinuation or dose reduction of rituximab in patients with RRMS or clinically isolated syndrome (CIS). Methods In this retrospective observational study, we included all RRMS and CIS patients ever treated with rituximab at the University Hospital of Umeå who had either; (1) discontinued treatment at any time or (2) reduced the dose to a mean of < 1000 mg yearly. The patients served as their own controls by contributing patient years on full dose, reduced dose, and off treatment. Results A total of 225 patients treated with mean (SD) 6256 (2456) mg rituximab during mean (SD) 6.5 (2.0) years were included. There were no differences regarding the annualized relapse rates during full dose versus reduced dose or off treatment (0.02 versus < 0.01 and 0.02, p = 0.09), neither regarding proportion MRI scans with new or enlarged T2 lesions (0.03 versus 0.01 and 0.03, p = 0.37) or contrast-enhancing lesions (< 0.01 versus 0 and 0.02, p = 0.22). Conclusions This study indicates that rituximab has long-term effects on inflammatory disease activity and that disease reactivation is rare in MS patients who discontinued treatment for any reason. It also suggests that treatment with low-dose rituximab (< 1000 mg yearly) is sufficient to maintain suppression of inflammatory disease activity in patients with stable disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malin Boremalm
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Neurosciences, Umeå University, Umea, Sweden.
| | - Peter Sundström
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Neurosciences, Umeå University, Umea, Sweden
| | - Jonatan Salzer
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Neurosciences, Umeå University, Umea, Sweden
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10
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Cohan SL, Hendin BA, Reder AT, Smoot K, Avila R, Mendoza JP, Weinstock-Guttman B. Interferons and Multiple Sclerosis: Lessons from 25 Years of Clinical and Real-World Experience with Intramuscular Interferon Beta-1a (Avonex). CNS Drugs 2021; 35:743-767. [PMID: 34228301 PMCID: PMC8258741 DOI: 10.1007/s40263-021-00822-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Recombinant interferon (IFN) β-1b was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration as the first disease-modifying therapy (DMT) for multiple sclerosis (MS) in 1993. Since that time, clinical trials and real-world observational studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of IFN therapies. The pivotal intramuscular IFN β-1a phase III trial published in 1996 was the first to demonstrate that a DMT could reduce accumulation of sustained disability in MS. Patient adherence to treatment is higher with intramuscular IFN β-1a, given once weekly, than with subcutaneous formulations requiring multiple injections per week. Moreover, subcutaneous IFN β-1a is associated with an increased incidence of injection-site reactions and neutralizing antibodies compared with intramuscular administration. In recent years, revisions to MS diagnostic criteria have improved clinicians' ability to identify patients with MS and have promoted the use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for diagnosis and disease monitoring. MRI studies show that treatment with IFN β-1a, relative to placebo, reduces T2 and gadolinium-enhancing lesions and gray matter atrophy. Since the approval of intramuscular IFN β-1a, a number of high-efficacy therapies have been approved for MS, though the benefit of these high-efficacy therapies should be balanced against the increased risk of serious adverse events associated with their long-term use. For some subpopulations of patients, including pregnant women, the safety profile of IFN β formulations may provide a particular benefit. In addition, the antiviral properties of IFNs may indicate potential therapeutic opportunities for IFN β in reducing the risk of viral infections such as COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanley L. Cohan
- Providence Multiple Sclerosis Center, Providence Brain and Spine Institute, Portland, OR USA
| | | | | | - Kyle Smoot
- Providence Multiple Sclerosis Center, Providence Brain and Spine Institute, Portland, OR USA
| | | | | | - Bianca Weinstock-Guttman
- Department of Neurology, Jacobs Comprehensive MS Treatment and Research Center, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York, 1010 Main St., 2nd floor, Buffalo, NY, 14202, USA.
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11
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Evertsson B, Hoyt T, Christensen A, Nimer FA, Foley J, Piehl F. A comparative study of tolerability and effects on immunoglobulin levels and CD19 cell counts with ocrelizumab vs low dose of rituximab in multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler J Exp Transl Clin 2020; 6:2055217320964505. [PMID: 33110619 PMCID: PMC7556182 DOI: 10.1177/2055217320964505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Rituximab (RTX) and ocrelizumab (OCR) are two anti-CD20 biologics used in MS; however, comparisons on safety and efficacy are rare. Objective To compare treatment outcomes over the first year with RTX and OCR. Methods Retrospective cohort study comprising MS patients initiating RTX at the Karolinska University Hospital (Sweden; n = 311) and OCR at Rocky Mountain MS Clinic (Utah, USA; n = 161), respectively. Results Levels of immunoglobulin G measured in blood dropped 0.16 g/L (95% confidence interval 0.01 to 0.31) with each OCR infusion, but remained stable with RTX. In contrast, levels of immunoglobulin M decreased to a similar extent with both drugs. Ten and 15% of patients discontinued treatment with RTX and OCR, respectively (n.s), however, adverse events leading to treatment discontinuation were more common with OCR (6.8% vs 2.6%; p = 0.026). Only 3.1 and 1.6% discontinued OCR and RTX, respectively, due to lack of effect (n.s). The degree of B cell depletion was superior with OCR. Conclusion Overall, differences between the two treatments were small. Although the study design precludes robust conclusions regarding the risk-benefit with the studied therapies, our findings indicate that the tolerability and safety with RTX is not inferior to OCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn Evertsson
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Karolinska Institutet, Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tammy Hoyt
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Karolinska Institutet, Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Angel Christensen
- Rocky Mountain Multiple Sclerosis Clinic, Neurology, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Faiez Al Nimer
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Karolinska Institutet, Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - John Foley
- Rocky Mountain Multiple Sclerosis Clinic, Neurology, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Fredrik Piehl
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Karolinska Institutet, Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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12
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Hamdy SM, Abdel-Naseer M, Shehata HS, Hassan A, Elmazny A, Shalaby NM, Abokrysha NT, Kishk NA, Nada MAF, Ahmed SM, Hegazy MI, Mekkawy D, Mourad HS, Abdelalim A, Berger T. Managing Disease-Modifying Therapies and Breakthrough Activity in Multiple Sclerosis Patients During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Toward an Optimized Approach. Ther Clin Risk Manag 2020; 16:651-662. [PMID: 32801722 PMCID: PMC7398889 DOI: 10.2147/tcrm.s257714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has become a major public health challenge of global concern since December 2019, when the virus was recognized in Wuhan, the capital city of Hubei province in China and epicenter of the COVID-19 epidemic. Given the novelty of COVID-19 and the lack of specific anti-virus therapies, the current management is essentially supportive. There is an absence of consensus on guidelines or treatment strategies for complex disorders such as multiple sclerosis (MS), in which the risk of infections is higher than in the general population. This is due to the overall impairment of the immune system typical of autoimmune diseases, in addition to accumulation of disabilities, and the iatrogenic effect generated by corticosteroids and the recommended disease-modifying therapies (DMTs). DMTs have different modes of action, but all modulate and interfere with the patient's immune response, thereby raising concerns about adverse effects, such as an increased susceptibility to infections. In this review, we analyze the evidence for use of DMTs during the current critical period and ratify an algorithmic approach for management to optimize care between keeping DMTs, with their infection hazards, or coming off them, with the risk of disease activation. We also provide an algorithmic approach to the management of breakthrough activity during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherif M Hamdy
- Neurology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Maged Abdel-Naseer
- Neurology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hatem S Shehata
- Neurology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amr Hassan
- Neurology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Alaa Elmazny
- Neurology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nevin M Shalaby
- Neurology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Noha T Abokrysha
- Neurology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nirmeen A Kishk
- Neurology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mona A F Nada
- Neurology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sandra M Ahmed
- Neurology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed I Hegazy
- Neurology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Doaa Mekkawy
- Neurology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Husam S Mourad
- Neurology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Abdelalim
- Neurology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Thomas Berger
- Neurology Department, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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13
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Recent Advances in Antigen-Specific Immunotherapies for the Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis. Brain Sci 2020; 10:brainsci10060333. [PMID: 32486045 PMCID: PMC7348736 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10060333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system and is considered to be the leading non-traumatic cause of neurological disability in young adults. Current treatments for MS comprise long-term immunosuppressant drugs and disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) designed to alter its progress with the enhanced risk of severe side effects. The Holy Grail for the treatment of MS is to specifically suppress the disease while at the same time allow the immune system to be functionally active against infectious diseases and malignancy. This could be achieved via the development of immunotherapies designed to specifically suppress immune responses to self-antigens (e.g., myelin antigens). The present study attempts to highlight the various antigen-specific immunotherapies developed so far for the treatment of multiple sclerosis (e.g., vaccination with myelin-derived peptides/proteins, plasmid DNA encoding myelin epitopes, tolerogenic dendritic cells pulsed with encephalitogenic epitopes of myelin proteins, attenuated autologous T cells specific for myelin antigens, T cell receptor peptides, carriers loaded/conjugated with myelin immunodominant peptides, etc), focusing on the outcome of their recent preclinical and clinical evaluation, and to shed light on the mechanisms involved in the immunopathogenesis and treatment of multiple sclerosis.
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14
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Cancer Risk for Fingolimod, Natalizumab, and Rituximab in Multiple Sclerosis Patients. Ann Neurol 2020; 87:688-699. [DOI: 10.1002/ana.25701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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15
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Luna G, Alping P, Burman J, Fink K, Fogdell-Hahn A, Gunnarsson M, Hillert J, Langer-Gould A, Lycke J, Nilsson P, Salzer J, Svenningsson A, Vrethem M, Olsson T, Piehl F, Frisell T. Infection Risks Among Patients With Multiple Sclerosis Treated With Fingolimod, Natalizumab, Rituximab, and Injectable Therapies. JAMA Neurol 2020; 77:184-191. [PMID: 31589278 PMCID: PMC6784753 DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2019.3365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 328] [Impact Index Per Article: 82.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Importance Although highly effective disease-modifying therapies for multiple sclerosis (MS) have been associated with an increased risk of infections vs injectable therapies interferon beta and glatiramer acetate (GA), the magnitude of potential risk increase is not well established in real-world populations. Even less is known about infection risk associated with rituximab, which is extensively used off-label to treat MS in Sweden. Objective To examine the risk of serious infections associated with disease-modifying treatments for MS. Design, Setting, and Participants This nationwide register-based cohort study was conducted in Sweden from January 1, 2011, to December 31, 2017. National registers with prospective data collection from the public health care system were used. All Swedish patients with relapsing-remitting MS whose data were recorded in the Swedish MS register as initiating treatment with rituximab, natalizumab, fingolimod, or interferon beta and GA and an age-matched and sex-matched general population comparator cohort were included. Exposures Treatment with rituximab, natalizumab, fingolimod, and interferon beta and GA. Main Outcomes and Measures Serious infections were defined as all infections resulting in hospitalization. Additional outcomes included outpatient treatment with antibiotic or herpes antiviral medications. Adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) were estimated in Cox regressions. Results A total of 6421 patients (3260 taking rituximab, 1588 taking natalizumab, 1535 taking fingolimod, and 2217 taking interferon beta/GA) were included, plus a comparator cohort of 42 645 individuals. Among 6421 patients with 8600 treatment episodes, the mean (SD) age at treatment start ranged from 35.0 (10.1) years to 40.4 (10.6) years; 6186 patients were female. The crude rate of infections was higher in patients with MS taking interferon beta and GA than the general population (incidence rate, 8.9 [95% CI, 6.4-12.1] vs 5.2 [95% CI, 4.8-5.5] per 1000 person-years), and higher still in patients taking fingolimod (incidence rate, 14.3 [95% CI, 10.8-18.5] per 1000 person-years), natalizumab (incidence rate, 11.4 [95% CI, 8.3-15.3] per 1000 person-years), and rituximab (incidence rate, 19.7 [95% CI, 16.4-23.5] per 1000 person-years). After confounder adjustment, the rate remained significantly higher for rituximab (HR, 1.70 [95% CI, 1.11-2.61]) but not fingolimod (HR, 1.30 [95% CI, 0.84-2.03]) or natalizumab (HR, 1.12 [95% CI, 0.71-1.77]) compared with interferon beta and GA. In contrast, use of herpes antiviral drugs during rituximab treatment was similar to that of interferon beta and GA and lower than that of natalizumab (HR, 1.82 [1.34-2.46]) and fingolimod (HR, 1.71 [95% CI, 1.27-2.32]). Conclusions and Relevance Patients with MS are at a generally increased risk of infections, and this differs by treatment. The rate of infections was lowest with interferon beta and GA; among newer treatments, off-label use of rituximab was associated with the highest rate of serious infections. The different risk profiles should inform the risk-benefit assessments of these treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Luna
- Clinical Epidemiology Division, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Alping
- Clinical Epidemiology Division, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Joachim Burman
- Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Katharina Fink
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Fogdell-Hahn
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Gunnarsson
- Center for Health and Medical Psychology, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Jan Hillert
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Annette Langer-Gould
- Clinical and Translational Neuroscience, Southern California Permanente Medical Group, Kaiser Permanente, Pasadena
| | - Jan Lycke
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Petra Nilsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Neurology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jonatan Salzer
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Umea University, Umea, Sweden
| | - Anders Svenningsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Magnus Vrethem
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linkoping University, Linkoping, Sweden
| | - Tomas Olsson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Piehl
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Neurology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Academic Specialist Center, Stockholm Health Services, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thomas Frisell
- Clinical Epidemiology Division, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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16
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Ouspid E, Razazian N, Moghadasi AN, Moradian N, Afshari D, Bostani A, Sariaslani P, Ansarian A. Clinical effectiveness and safety of fingolimod in relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis in Western Iran. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 23:129-134. [PMID: 29664454 PMCID: PMC8015441 DOI: 10.17712/nsj.2018.2.20170434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: To investigate the clinical effectiveness and safety of fingolimod in the western Iranian population. Methods: This study was performed as a prospective observational study between March 2014 and October 2015. Sixty patients with relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) who were referred to the MS clinic of Imam Reza Hospital, which is affiliated with Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Iran, were treated with 0.5 mg oral fingolimod capsules once daily for 12 months. The outcomes were clinical and included the annualized relapse rate, expanded disability status scale (EDSS) change, proportion of relapse-free patient, and side effects. Results: An 85% reduction in the annualized relapse rate compared with the baseline (from 1.8±1.35 to 0.27±0.58, p=0.001) was observed, and 76.66% of patients were free from relapse after the 12-month intervention. In addition, a significant reduction of EDSS was measured from 3.32 at baseline to 2.97 (p=0.001). The overall adverse events in our study were similar to those in previous studies. Conclusion: The present study confirms the effectiveness of fingolimod as a second-line therapy in western Iranian RRMS patients. Fingolimod side effects were generally mild and tolerable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Ouspid
- Department of Neurology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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17
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Granqvist M, Boremalm M, Poorghobad A, Svenningsson A, Salzer J, Frisell T, Piehl F. Comparative Effectiveness of Rituximab and Other Initial Treatment Choices for Multiple Sclerosis. JAMA Neurol 2019; 75:320-327. [PMID: 29309484 DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2017.4011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Importance Comparative real-world effectiveness studies of initial disease-modifying treatment (DMT) choices for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) that include rituximab are lacking. Objective To assess the effectiveness and drug discontinuation rates of rituximab among patients with newly diagnosed RRMS compared with injectable DMTs, dimethyl fumarate, fingolimod, or natalizumab. Design, Setting, and Patients This retrospective cohort study used prospectively collected data to examine specialized care of 2 Swedish county-based community samples of patients with RRMS. Patients with RRMS who received diagnoses from January 1, 2012, to October 31, 2015, who resided in Stockholm or Västerbotten Counties were identified from a Swedish multiple sclerosis registry. Main Outcomes and Measures All reasons for drug discontinuation of initial treatment choice (main outcome) and specific reasons for switching (secondary outcomes) were analyzed with multivariable Cox regression, including propensity scores. Results Among 494 patients (median [interquartile range] age, 34.4 [27.4-43.4] years; 158 men [32.0%]), 215 received an injectable DMT (43.5%); 86 (17.4%), dimethyl fumarate; 17 (3.4%), fingolimod; 50 (10.1%), natalizumab; 120 (24.3%), rituximab; and 6 (1.2%), other DMT. Regional preferences were pronounced, with 42 of 52 (81%) and 78 of 442 (18%) receiving rituximab in Västerbotten and Stockholm, respectively. The annual discontinuation rate for rituximab, injectable DMTs, dimethyl fumarate, fingolimod, and natalizumab were 0.03, 0.53, 0.32, 0.38, and 0.29, respectively. Continued disease activity was the main reason for discontinuation of injectable DMTs, dimethyl fumarate, and fingolimod; positive John Cunningham virus serology results were the main reason for discontinuation of natalizumab. Rate of clinical relapses and/or neuroradiologic disease activity were significantly lower for rituximab compared with injectable DMTs and dimethyl fumarate, with a tendency for lower relapse rates also compared with natalizumab and fingolimod. The annual discontinuation rate of initial treatment choice was significantly lower in Västerbotten compared with Stockholm (0.09 and 0.37, respectively). Conclusions and Relevance Rituximab was superior to all other DMT in terms of drug discontinuation and displayed better clinical efficacy compared with injectable DMTs and dimethyl fumarate with borderline significance compared with natalizumab and fingolimod. The county where rituximab constituted the main initial treatment choice displayed better outcomes in most measured variables. Collectively, our findings suggest that rituximab performs better than other commonly used DMTs in patients with newly diagnosed RRMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Granqvist
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Malin Boremalm
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Section for Neurology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Amyar Poorghobad
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anders Svenningsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences Danderyds Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jonatan Salzer
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Section for Neurology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Thomas Frisell
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Piehl
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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18
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Hess KL, Medintz IL, Jewell CM. Designing inorganic nanomaterials for vaccines and immunotherapies. NANO TODAY 2019; 27:73-98. [PMID: 32292488 PMCID: PMC7156029 DOI: 10.1016/j.nantod.2019.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Vaccines and immunotherapies have changed the face of health care. Biomaterials offer the ability to improve upon these medical technologies through increased control of the types and concentrations of immune signals delivered. Further, these carriers enable targeting, stability, and delivery of poorly soluble cargos. Inorganic nanomaterials possess unique optical, electric, and magnetic properties, as well as defined chemistry, high surface-to-volume- ratio, and high avidity display that make this class of materials particularly advantageous for vaccine design, cancer immunotherapy, and autoimmune treatments. In this review we focus on this understudied area by highlighting recent work with inorganic materials - including gold nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, and quantum dots. We discuss the intrinsic features of these materials that impact the interactions with immune cells and tissue, as well as recent reports using inorganic materials across a range of emerging immunological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krystina L. Hess
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, 8278 Paint Branch Drive, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Igor L. Medintz
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering Code 6900, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC, 20375, USA
| | - Christopher M. Jewell
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, 8278 Paint Branch Drive, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
- Robert E. Fischell Institute for Biomedical Devices, 8278 Paint Branch Drive, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland Medical School, 685 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, 22 South Greene St, Baltimore, MD, 21201 USA
- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, VA Maryland Health Care System, 10 North Greene St, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
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19
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Carlström KE, Ewing E, Granqvist M, Gyllenberg A, Aeinehband S, Enoksson SL, Checa A, Badam TVS, Huang J, Gomez-Cabrero D, Gustafsson M, Al Nimer F, Wheelock CE, Kockum I, Olsson T, Jagodic M, Piehl F. Therapeutic efficacy of dimethyl fumarate in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis associates with ROS pathway in monocytes. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3081. [PMID: 31300673 PMCID: PMC6626021 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11139-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) is a first-line-treatment for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). The redox master regulator Nrf2, essential for redox balance, is a target of DMF, but its precise therapeutic mechanisms of action remain elusive. Here we show impact of DMF on circulating monocytes and T cells in a prospective longitudinal RRMS patient cohort. DMF increases the level of oxidized isoprostanes in peripheral blood. Other observed changes, including methylome and transcriptome profiles, occur in monocytes prior to T cells. Importantly, monocyte counts and monocytic ROS increase following DMF and distinguish patients with beneficial treatment-response from non-responders. A single nucleotide polymorphism in the ROS-generating NOX3 gene is associated with beneficial DMF treatment-response. Our data implicate monocyte-derived oxidative processes in autoimmune diseases and their treatment, and identify NOX3 genetic variant, monocyte counts and redox state as parameters potentially useful to inform clinical decisions on DMF therapy of RRMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl E Carlström
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Section of Neurology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Ewoud Ewing
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Section of Neurology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mathias Granqvist
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Section of Neurology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alexandra Gyllenberg
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Section of Neurology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Shahin Aeinehband
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Section of Neurology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sara Lind Enoksson
- Department of Clinical Immunology Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Antonio Checa
- Division of Physiological Chemistry II, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tejaswi V S Badam
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Bioscience, University of Skövde, Skövde, Sweden.,Department of Physics, Chemistry & Biology (IFM), Bioinformatics, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Jesse Huang
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Section of Neurology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - David Gomez-Cabrero
- Translational Bioinformatics Unit, Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN), Universidad Publica de Nevarra (UPNA), IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Mika Gustafsson
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Faiez Al Nimer
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Section of Neurology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Craig E Wheelock
- Division of Physiological Chemistry II, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Kockum
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Section of Neurology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tomas Olsson
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Section of Neurology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maja Jagodic
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Section of Neurology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Piehl
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Section of Neurology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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20
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Boremalm M, Juto A, Axelsson M, Novakova L, Frisell T, Svenningsson A, Lycke J, Piehl F, Salzer J. Natalizumab, rituximab and fingolimod as escalation therapy in multiple sclerosis. Eur J Neurol 2019; 26:1060-1067. [PMID: 30762259 DOI: 10.1111/ene.13936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Breakthrough disease on first-line injectables in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) is a common clinical situation where comparative studies between different escalation therapies are lacking. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy, safety and medication persistence of natalizumab (NTZ), rituximab (RTX) and fingolimod (FGL) as escalation therapy in RRMS. METHODS Patients switching from interferon or glatiramer acetate to NTZ, RTX or FGL due to breakthrough disease were identified through the Swedish multiple sclerosis (MS) registry at four large MS centers in this retrospective observational study. Data were collected from the MS registry and medical charts. Hazard ratios (HRs) for relapses, adverse events and drug discontinuation with 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated using multivariable confounder-adjusted Cox proportional hazard models. RESULTS A total of 241 patients were included. The annualized relapse rates were 0.02 for NTZ, 0.03 for RTX and 0.07 for FGL. Compared with NTZ, the adjusted HR for relapse was 1.0 (95% CI, 0.2-5.6) for RTX and 3.4 (95% CI, 1.3-9.2) for FGL. The annualized drug discontinuation rates were 0.15, 0.01 and 0.15 for NTZ, RTX and FGL, respectively. The adjusted HR for drug discontinuation was 0.05 (95% CI, 0.01-0.38) for RTX and 1.0 (95% CI, 0.6-1.7) for FGL vs. NTZ. CONCLUSIONS In patients with RRMS on interferon/glatiramer acetate with breakthrough disease, switching to NTZ or RTX was associated with less disease activity compared with FGL. RTX displayed superior medication persistence compared with both NTZ and FGL.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Boremalm
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Umeå University, Umeå
| | - A Juto
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, University Hospital Solna, Stockholm
| | - M Axelsson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg
| | - L Novakova
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg
| | - T Frisell
- Clinical Epidemiology Division, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm
| | - A Svenningsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm
| | - J Lycke
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg
| | - F Piehl
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J Salzer
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Umeå University, Umeå
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Zhang B, Watt JM, Cordiglieri C, Dammermann W, Mahon MF, Flügel A, Guse AH, Potter BVL. Small Molecule Antagonists of NAADP-Induced Ca 2+ Release in T-Lymphocytes Suggest Potential Therapeutic Agents for Autoimmune Disease. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16775. [PMID: 30425261 PMCID: PMC6233153 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34917-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP) is the most potent Ca2+-releasing second messenger known to date, but the precise NAADP/Ca2+ signalling mechanisms are still controversial. We report the synthesis of small-molecule inhibitors of NAADP-induced Ca2+ release based upon the nicotinic acid motif. Alkylation of nicotinic acid with a series of bromoacetamides generated a diverse compound library. However, many members were only weakly active or had poor physicochemical properties. Structural optimisation produced the best inhibitors that interact specifically with the NAADP/Ca2+ release mechanism, having no effect on Ca2+ mobilized by the other well-known second messengers D-myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate [Ins(1,4,5)P3] or cyclic adenosine 5'-diphospho-ribose (cADPR). Lead compound (2) was an efficient antagonist of NAADP-evoked Ca2+ release in vitro in intact T lymphocytes and ameliorated clinical disease in vivo in a rat experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model of multiple sclerosis. Compound (3) (also known as BZ194) was synthesized as its bromide salt, confirmed by crystallography, and was more membrane permeant than 2. The corresponding zwitterion (3a), was also prepared and studied by crystallography, but 3 had more desirable physicochemical properties. 3 Is potent in vitro and in vivo and has found widespread use as a tool to modulate NAADP effects in autoimmunity and cardiovascular applications. Taken together, data suggest that the NAADP/Ca2+ signalling mechanism may serve as a potential target for T cell- or cardiomyocyte-related diseases such as multiple sclerosis or arrhythmia. Further modification of these lead compounds may potentially result in drug candidates of clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhang
- Wolfson Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bath, Dept. of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Joanna M Watt
- Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3QT, UK.,Wolfson Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bath, Dept. of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Chiara Cordiglieri
- Max-Planck-Institute for Neurobiology, Martinsried, Germany.,Imaging Facility, National Institute for Molecular Genetics (INGM), v. F. Sforza, 35-20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Werner Dammermann
- The Calcium Signalling Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, D-20246, Hamburg, Germany.,Brandenburg Medical School, University Hospital Brandenburg, Center of Internal Medicine II, Hochstraße 29, 14770, Brandenburg an der Havel, Germany
| | - Mary F Mahon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Alexander Flügel
- Max-Planck-Institute for Neurobiology, Martinsried, Germany.,University Medical Center Göttingen, Institute for Multiple Sclerosis Research, Department of Neuroimmunology, Von-Siebold-Str. 3a, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Andreas H Guse
- The Calcium Signalling Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, D-20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Barry V L Potter
- Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3QT, UK. .,Wolfson Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bath, Dept. of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
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22
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Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common chronic inflammatory, demyelinating and neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system in young adults. This disorder is a heterogeneous, multifactorial, immune-mediated disease that is influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. In most patients, reversible episodes of neurological dysfunction lasting several days or weeks characterize the initial stages of the disease (that is, clinically isolated syndrome and relapsing-remitting MS). Over time, irreversible clinical and cognitive deficits develop. A minority of patients have a progressive disease course from the onset. The pathological hallmark of MS is the formation of demyelinating lesions in the brain and spinal cord, which can be associated with neuro-axonal damage. Focal lesions are thought to be caused by the infiltration of immune cells, including T cells, B cells and myeloid cells, into the central nervous system parenchyma, with associated injury. MS is associated with a substantial burden on society owing to the high cost of the available treatments and poorer employment prospects and job retention for patients and their caregivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Filippi
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy. .,Department of Neurology, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.
| | - Amit Bar-Or
- Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroinflammation and Experimental Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Fredrik Piehl
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Neurology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Neuroimmunology Unit, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Paolo Preziosa
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.,Department of Neurology, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Solari
- Unit of Neuroepidemiology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Sandra Vukusic
- Service de Neurologie, Sclérose en Plaques, Pathologies de la Myéline et Neuro-inflammation, Fondation Eugène Devic EDMUS Contre la Sclérose en Plaques, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Maria A Rocca
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.,Department of Neurology, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
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23
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Johansson A, Nyberg WA, Sjöstrand M, Moruzzi N, Bergman P, Khademi M, Andersson M, Piehl F, Berggren PO, Covacu R, Jagodic M, Espinosa A. miR-31 regulates energy metabolism and is suppressed in T cells from patients with Sjögren's syndrome. Eur J Immunol 2018; 49:313-322. [PMID: 30307034 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201747416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Systemic autoimmune diseases are characterized by the overexpression of type I IFN stimulated genes, and accumulating evidence indicate a role for type I IFNs in these diseases. However, the underlying mechanisms for this are still poorly understood. To explore the role of type I IFN regulated miRNAs in systemic autoimmune disease, we characterized cellular expression of miRNAs during both acute and chronic type I IFN responses. We identified a T cell-specific reduction of miR-31-5p levels, both after intramuscular injection of IFNβ and in patients with Sjögren's syndrome (SjS). To interrogate the role of miR-31-51p in T cells we transfected human CD4+ T cells with a miR-31-5p inhibitor and performed metabolic measurements. This identified an increase in basal levels of glucose metabolism after inhibition of miR-31-5p. Furthermore, treatment with IFN-α also increased the basal levels of human CD4+ T-cell metabolism. In all, our results suggest that reduced levels of miR-31-5p in T cells of SjS patients support autoimmune T-cell responses during chronic type I IFN exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Johansson
- Unit of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Molecular Medicine Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - William A Nyberg
- Unit of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Molecular Medicine Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Sjöstrand
- Unit of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Molecular Medicine Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Noah Moruzzi
- The Rolf Luft Research Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Petra Bergman
- Unit of Neuroimmunology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mohsen Khademi
- Unit of Neuroimmunology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Magnus Andersson
- Unit of Neuroimmunology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Division of Neurology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Piehl
- Unit of Neuroimmunology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Division of Neurology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per-Olof Berggren
- The Rolf Luft Research Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ruxandra Covacu
- Unit of Neuroimmunology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maja Jagodic
- Unit of Neuroimmunology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alexander Espinosa
- Unit of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Molecular Medicine Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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24
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Aderibigbe BA. In Situ-Based Gels for Nose to Brain Delivery for the Treatment of Neurological Diseases. Pharmaceutics 2018; 10:E40. [PMID: 29601486 PMCID: PMC6027251 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics10020040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2018] [Revised: 02/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In situ-based gel drug delivery systems that can bypass the blood-brain barrier, deliver the therapeutics to the desired site, reduce peripheral toxicity and control drug release kinetics have been developed. Some of the therapeutics used to treat neurological diseases suffer from poor bioavailability. Preclinical reports from several researchers have proven that the delivery of drugs to the brain via the nose-to-brain route using in situ gels holds great promise. However, safety issues on the toxicity of the nasal mucosa, transportation of the drugs to specific brain regions and determination of the required dose are factors that must be considered when designing these gels. This review will be focused on in situ-based gels that are used for the delivery of therapeutics via the nose-to-brain route, preclinical reports and challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blessing Atim Aderibigbe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fort Hare, Alice Campus, Eastern Cape, Alice 5700, South Africa.
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25
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Tostanoski LH, Chiu YC, Gammon JM, Simon T, Andorko JI, Bromberg JS, Jewell CM. Reprogramming the Local Lymph Node Microenvironment Promotes Tolerance that Is Systemic and Antigen Specific. Cell Rep 2017; 16:2940-2952. [PMID: 27626664 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Many experimental therapies for autoimmune diseases, such as multiple sclerosis (MS), aim to bias T cells toward tolerogenic phenotypes without broad suppression. However, the link between local signal integration in lymph nodes (LNs) and the specificity of systemic tolerance is not well understood. We used intra-LN injection of polymer particles to study tolerance as a function of signals in the LN microenvironment. In a mouse MS model, intra-LN introduction of encapsulated myelin self-antigen and a regulatory signal (rapamycin) permanently reversed paralysis after one treatment during peak disease. Therapeutic effects were myelin specific, required antigen encapsulation, and were less potent without rapamycin. This efficacy was accompanied by local LN reorganization, reduced inflammation, systemic expansion of regulatory T cells, and reduced T cell infiltration to the CNS. Our findings suggest that local control over signaling in distinct LNs can promote cell types and functions that drive tolerance that is systemic but antigen specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa H Tostanoski
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, 8228 Paint Branch Drive, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Yu-Chieh Chiu
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, 8228 Paint Branch Drive, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Joshua M Gammon
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, 8228 Paint Branch Drive, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Thomas Simon
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 29 South Greene Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 800 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - James I Andorko
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, 8228 Paint Branch Drive, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Jonathan S Bromberg
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 29 South Greene Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 800 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, 22 South Greene Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Christopher M Jewell
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, 8228 Paint Branch Drive, College Park, MD 20742, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, 22 South Greene Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; United States Department of Veteran Affairs, 10 North Greene Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
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26
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Burkill S, Montgomery S, Hajiebrahimi M, Hillert J, Olsson T, Bahmanyar S. Mortality trends for multiple sclerosis patients in Sweden from 1968 to 2012. Neurology 2017; 89:555-562. [PMID: 28687718 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000004216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess trends in mortality and causes of death for patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) relative to those without MS in Sweden. METHODS Patients with an MS diagnosis in Sweden between 1964 and 2012 were identified with the Patient Register and the Multiple Sclerosis Register. For this cohort study, each patient with MS (n = 29,617) was matched with 10 individuals without MS (n = 296,164) on sex, year of birth, vital status, and region of residence at the time of MS diagnosis with the Total Population Register. The Causes of Death Register was used to identify causes of death. Cox proportional hazard models were constructed to assess whether risk of mortality was increased for patients with MS. RESULTS The hazard ratio (HR) for patients with MS was 2.92 (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.86-2.99) for all-cause mortality over the entire study period. The largest differences between the cohorts were death resulting from respiratory (HR 5.07, 95% CI 4.87-5.26) and infectious (HR 4.07, 95% CI 3.70-4.47) diseases. Overall and for each specific cause, there have been improvements for the MS group and a subsequent reduction in the HR. The HR decreased from 6.52 (95% CI 5.79-7.34) for the period of 1968 to 1980 to 2.08 (95% CI 1.95-2.22) for the time period of 2001 to 2012. An interaction between time period and MS exposure showed that the decrease in mortality over time was statistically significant, with a larger decrease for patients with MS than their matched comparators. CONCLUSIONS There has been a substantial improvement in mortality overall and for each specified cause of death for patients with MS compared with individuals without MS; however, large differences still remain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Burkill
- From the Clinical Epidemiology Unit (S.B., S.M., M.H., S.B) and Centre for Pharmacoepidemiology (S.B., S.B.), Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm; Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (S.M.), School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Sweden; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (S.M.), University College London, UK; Division of Neurology (J.H.) and Neuroimmunology Unit (T.O.), Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; and Biostatistics and Epidemiology Unit (M.H., S.B.), Health Faculty, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Golestan, Iran.
| | - Scott Montgomery
- From the Clinical Epidemiology Unit (S.B., S.M., M.H., S.B) and Centre for Pharmacoepidemiology (S.B., S.B.), Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm; Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (S.M.), School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Sweden; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (S.M.), University College London, UK; Division of Neurology (J.H.) and Neuroimmunology Unit (T.O.), Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; and Biostatistics and Epidemiology Unit (M.H., S.B.), Health Faculty, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Golestan, Iran
| | - MohammadHossein Hajiebrahimi
- From the Clinical Epidemiology Unit (S.B., S.M., M.H., S.B) and Centre for Pharmacoepidemiology (S.B., S.B.), Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm; Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (S.M.), School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Sweden; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (S.M.), University College London, UK; Division of Neurology (J.H.) and Neuroimmunology Unit (T.O.), Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; and Biostatistics and Epidemiology Unit (M.H., S.B.), Health Faculty, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Golestan, Iran
| | - Jan Hillert
- From the Clinical Epidemiology Unit (S.B., S.M., M.H., S.B) and Centre for Pharmacoepidemiology (S.B., S.B.), Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm; Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (S.M.), School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Sweden; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (S.M.), University College London, UK; Division of Neurology (J.H.) and Neuroimmunology Unit (T.O.), Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; and Biostatistics and Epidemiology Unit (M.H., S.B.), Health Faculty, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Golestan, Iran
| | - Tomas Olsson
- From the Clinical Epidemiology Unit (S.B., S.M., M.H., S.B) and Centre for Pharmacoepidemiology (S.B., S.B.), Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm; Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (S.M.), School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Sweden; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (S.M.), University College London, UK; Division of Neurology (J.H.) and Neuroimmunology Unit (T.O.), Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; and Biostatistics and Epidemiology Unit (M.H., S.B.), Health Faculty, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Golestan, Iran
| | - Shahram Bahmanyar
- From the Clinical Epidemiology Unit (S.B., S.M., M.H., S.B) and Centre for Pharmacoepidemiology (S.B., S.B.), Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm; Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (S.M.), School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Sweden; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (S.M.), University College London, UK; Division of Neurology (J.H.) and Neuroimmunology Unit (T.O.), Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; and Biostatistics and Epidemiology Unit (M.H., S.B.), Health Faculty, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Golestan, Iran
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27
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Hess KL, Oh E, Tostanoski LH, Andorko JI, Susumu K, Deschamps JR, Medintz IL, Jewell CM. Engineering Immunological Tolerance Using Quantum Dots to Tune the Density of Self-Antigen Display. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2017; 27:1700290. [PMID: 29503604 PMCID: PMC5828250 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201700290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Treatments for autoimmunity - diseases where the immune system mistakenly attacks self-molecules - are not curative and leave patients immunocompromised. New studies aimed at more specific treatments reveal development of inflammation or tolerance is influenced by the form self-antigens are presented. Using a mouse model of multiple sclerosis (MS), we show for the first time that quantum dots (QDs) can be used to generate immunological tolerance by controlling the density of self-antigen on QDs. These assemblies display dense arrangements of myelin self-peptide associated with disease in MS, are uniform in size (<20 nm), and allow direct visualization in immune tissues. Peptide-QDs rapidly concentrate in draining lymph nodes, co-localizing with macrophages expressing scavenger receptors involved in tolerance. Treatment with peptide-QDs reduces disease incidence 10-fold. Strikingly, the degree of tolerance - and the underlying expansion of regulatory T cells - correlates with the density of myelin molecules presented on QDs. A key discovery is that higher numbers of tolerogenic particles displaying lower levels of self-peptide are more effective for inducing tolerance than fewer particles each displaying higher densities of peptide. QDs conjugated with self-antigens could serve as a new platform to induce tolerance, while visualizing QD therapeutics in tolerogenic tissue domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krystina L Hess
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, 8228 Paint Branch Drive, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Eunkeu Oh
- Optical Sciences Division, Code 5600, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, 4555 Overlook Ave, SW, Washington DC 20375, USA
| | - Lisa H Tostanoski
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, 8228 Paint Branch Drive, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - James I Andorko
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, 8228 Paint Branch Drive, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Kimihiro Susumu
- Optical Sciences Division, Code 5600, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, 4555 Overlook Ave, SW, Washington DC 20375, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Deschamps
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering Code 6900 U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington DC 20375, USA
| | - Igor L Medintz
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering Code 6900 U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington DC 20375, USA
| | - Christopher M Jewell
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, 8228 Paint Branch Drive, College Park, MD 20742, USA
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28
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The vascular adventitia: An endogenous, omnipresent source of stem cells in the body. Pharmacol Ther 2017; 171:13-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2016.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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29
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Degli Esposti L, Piccinni C, Sangiorgi D, Perrone V, Aledda L, Marrosu MG, Lombardo F. Changes in first-line injectable disease-modifying therapy for multiple sclerosis: predictors of non-adherence, switching, discontinuation, and interruption of drugs. Neurol Sci 2017; 38:589-594. [DOI: 10.1007/s10072-016-2806-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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30
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Vågberg M, Axelsson M, Birgander R, Burman J, Cananau C, Forslin Y, Granberg T, Gunnarsson M, von Heijne A, Jönsson L, Karrenbauer VD, Larsson EM, Lindqvist T, Lycke J, Lönn L, Mentesidou E, Müller S, Nilsson P, Piehl F, Svenningsson A, Vrethem M, Wikström J. Guidelines for the use of magnetic resonance imaging in diagnosing and monitoring the treatment of multiple sclerosis: recommendations of the Swedish Multiple Sclerosis Association and the Swedish Neuroradiological Society. Acta Neurol Scand 2017; 135:17-24. [PMID: 27558404 PMCID: PMC5157754 DOI: 10.1111/ane.12667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is associated with inflammatory lesions in the brain and spinal cord. The detection of such inflammatory lesions using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is important in the consideration of the diagnosis and differential diagnoses of MS, as well as in the monitoring of disease activity and predicting treatment efficacy. Although there is strong evidence supporting the use of MRI for both the diagnosis and monitoring of disease activity, there is a lack of evidence regarding which MRI protocols to use, the frequency of examinations, and in what clinical situations to consider MRI examination. A national workshop to discuss these issues was held in Stockholm, Sweden, in August 2015, which resulted in a Swedish consensus statement regarding the use of MRI in the care of individuals with MS. The aim of this consensus statement is to provide practical advice for the use of MRI in this setting. The recommendations are based on a review of relevant literature and the clinical experience of workshop attendees. It is our hope that these recommendations will benefit individuals with MS and guide healthcare professionals responsible for their care.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Vågberg
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Section of Neuroscience; Umeå University; Umeå Sweden
| | - M. Axelsson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience; Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology at Sahlgrenska Academy; University of Gothenburg; Gothenburg Sweden
| | - R. Birgander
- Department of Radiation Sciences; Umeå University; Umeå Sweden
| | - J. Burman
- Department of Neuroscience; Uppsala University; Uppsala Sweden
| | - C. Cananau
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology; Department of Radiology; Karolinska Institutet; Karolinska University Hospital; Stockholm Sweden
| | - Y. Forslin
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology; Department of Radiology; Karolinska Institutet; Karolinska University Hospital; Stockholm Sweden
| | - T. Granberg
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology; Department of Radiology; Karolinska Institutet; Karolinska University Hospital; Stockholm Sweden
| | - M. Gunnarsson
- Department of Neurology; School of Medical Sciences; Örebro University; Örebro Sweden
| | - A. von Heijne
- Department of Clinical Sciences; Karolinska Institutet; Danderyd Hospital; Stockholm Sweden
| | - L. Jönsson
- Department of Neuroradiology; Sahlgrenska University Hospital; Gothenburg Sweden
| | - V. D. Karrenbauer
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience; Department of Neurology; Karolinska Institutet; Karolinska University Hospital; Stockholm Sweden
| | - E.-M. Larsson
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Radiology; Uppsala University; Uppsala Sweden
| | - T. Lindqvist
- Department of Radiation Sciences; Umeå University; Umeå Sweden
| | - J. Lycke
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience; Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology at Sahlgrenska Academy; University of Gothenburg; Gothenburg Sweden
| | - L. Lönn
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology; Department of Radiology; Karolinska Institutet; Karolinska University Hospital; Stockholm Sweden
| | - E. Mentesidou
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience; Department of Neurology; Karolinska Institutet; Karolinska University Hospital; Stockholm Sweden
| | - S. Müller
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology; Department of Radiology; Karolinska Institutet; Karolinska University Hospital; Stockholm Sweden
| | - P. Nilsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Neurology; Faculty of Medicine; Lund University; Lund Sweden
| | - F. Piehl
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience; Department of Neurology; Karolinska Institutet; Karolinska University Hospital; Stockholm Sweden
| | - A. Svenningsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences; Karolinska Institutet; Danderyd Hospital; Stockholm Sweden
| | - M. Vrethem
- Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine; Linköping University; Linköping Sweden
| | - J. Wikström
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Radiology; Uppsala University; Uppsala Sweden
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Hess KL, Andorko JI, Tostanoski LH, Jewell CM. Polyplexes assembled from self-peptides and regulatory nucleic acids blunt toll-like receptor signaling to combat autoimmunity. Biomaterials 2016; 118:51-62. [PMID: 27940382 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.11.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases occur when the immune system incorrectly recognizes self-molecules as foreign; in the case of multiple sclerosis (MS), myelin is attacked. Intriguingly, new studies reveal toll-like receptors (TLRs), pathways usually involved in generating immune responses against pathogens, play a significant role in driving autoimmune disease in both humans and animal models. We reasoned polyplexes formed from myelin self-antigen and regulatory TLR antagonists might limit TLR signaling during differentiation of myelin-specific T cells, inducing tolerance by biasing T cells away from inflammatory phenotypes. Complexes were formed by modifying myelin peptide with cationic amino acids to create peptides able to condense the anionic nucleic-acid based TLR antagonist. These immunological polyplexes eliminate synthetic polymers commonly used to condense polyplexes and do not rely on gene expression; however, the complexes mimic key features of traditional polyplexes such as tunable loading and co-delivery. Using these materials and classic polyplex analysis techniques, we demonstrate condensation of both immune signals, protection from enzymatic degradation, and tunable physicochemical properties. We show polyplexes reduce TLR signaling, and in primary dendritic cell and T cell co-culture, reduce myelin-driven inflammation. During mouse models of MS, these tolerogenic polyplexes improve the progression, severity, and incidence of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krystina L Hess
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, 8228 Paint Branch Drive, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - James I Andorko
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, 8228 Paint Branch Drive, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Lisa H Tostanoski
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, 8228 Paint Branch Drive, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Christopher M Jewell
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, 8228 Paint Branch Drive, College Park, MD 20742, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, 22 S. Greene Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; United States Department of Veterans Affairs, 10 North Greene Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA.
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Sundgren M, Piehl F, Wahlin Å, Brismar T. Cognitive function did not improve after initiation of natalizumab treatment in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. A prospective one-year dual control group study. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2016; 10:36-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2016.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Kroksveen AC, Guldbrandsen A, Vaudel M, Lereim RR, Barsnes H, Myhr KM, Torkildsen Ø, Berven FS. In-Depth Cerebrospinal Fluid Quantitative Proteome and Deglycoproteome Analysis: Presenting a Comprehensive Picture of Pathways and Processes Affected by Multiple Sclerosis. J Proteome Res 2016; 16:179-194. [PMID: 27728768 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.6b00659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
In the current study, we conducted a quantitative in-depth proteome and deglycoproteome analysis of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) and neurological controls using mass spectrometry and pathway analysis. More than 2000 proteins and 1700 deglycopeptides were quantified, with 484 proteins and 180 deglycopeptides significantly changed between pools of RRMS and pools of controls. Approximately 300 of the significantly changed proteins were assigned to various biological processes including inflammation, extracellular matrix organization, cell adhesion, immune response, and neuron development. Ninety-six significantly changed deglycopeptides mapped to proteins that were not found changed in the global protein study. In addition, four mapped to the proteins oligo-myelin glycoprotein and noelin, which were found oppositely changed in the global study. Both are ligands to the nogo receptor, and the glycosylation of these proteins appears to be affected by RRMS. Our study gives the most extensive overview of the RRMS affected processes observed from the CSF proteome to date, and the list of differential proteins will have great value for selection of biomarker candidates for further verification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Cathrine Kroksveen
- Proteomics Unit (PROBE), Department of Biomedicine, ‡The KG Jebsen Centre for MS Research, Department of Clinical Medicine, §KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, and ⊥Computational Biology Unit, Department of Informatics, University of Bergen , Bergen N-5009, Norway.,Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine and ∥The Norwegian Multiple Sclerosis Competence Centre, Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital , Bergen N-5021, Norway
| | - Astrid Guldbrandsen
- Proteomics Unit (PROBE), Department of Biomedicine, ‡The KG Jebsen Centre for MS Research, Department of Clinical Medicine, §KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, and ⊥Computational Biology Unit, Department of Informatics, University of Bergen , Bergen N-5009, Norway.,Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine and ∥The Norwegian Multiple Sclerosis Competence Centre, Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital , Bergen N-5021, Norway
| | - Marc Vaudel
- Proteomics Unit (PROBE), Department of Biomedicine, ‡The KG Jebsen Centre for MS Research, Department of Clinical Medicine, §KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, and ⊥Computational Biology Unit, Department of Informatics, University of Bergen , Bergen N-5009, Norway.,Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine and ∥The Norwegian Multiple Sclerosis Competence Centre, Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital , Bergen N-5021, Norway
| | - Ragnhild Reehorst Lereim
- Proteomics Unit (PROBE), Department of Biomedicine, ‡The KG Jebsen Centre for MS Research, Department of Clinical Medicine, §KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, and ⊥Computational Biology Unit, Department of Informatics, University of Bergen , Bergen N-5009, Norway.,Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine and ∥The Norwegian Multiple Sclerosis Competence Centre, Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital , Bergen N-5021, Norway
| | - Harald Barsnes
- Proteomics Unit (PROBE), Department of Biomedicine, ‡The KG Jebsen Centre for MS Research, Department of Clinical Medicine, §KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, and ⊥Computational Biology Unit, Department of Informatics, University of Bergen , Bergen N-5009, Norway.,Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine and ∥The Norwegian Multiple Sclerosis Competence Centre, Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital , Bergen N-5021, Norway
| | - Kjell-Morten Myhr
- Proteomics Unit (PROBE), Department of Biomedicine, ‡The KG Jebsen Centre for MS Research, Department of Clinical Medicine, §KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, and ⊥Computational Biology Unit, Department of Informatics, University of Bergen , Bergen N-5009, Norway.,Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine and ∥The Norwegian Multiple Sclerosis Competence Centre, Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital , Bergen N-5021, Norway
| | - Øivind Torkildsen
- Proteomics Unit (PROBE), Department of Biomedicine, ‡The KG Jebsen Centre for MS Research, Department of Clinical Medicine, §KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, and ⊥Computational Biology Unit, Department of Informatics, University of Bergen , Bergen N-5009, Norway.,Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine and ∥The Norwegian Multiple Sclerosis Competence Centre, Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital , Bergen N-5021, Norway
| | - Frode S Berven
- Proteomics Unit (PROBE), Department of Biomedicine, ‡The KG Jebsen Centre for MS Research, Department of Clinical Medicine, §KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, and ⊥Computational Biology Unit, Department of Informatics, University of Bergen , Bergen N-5009, Norway.,Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine and ∥The Norwegian Multiple Sclerosis Competence Centre, Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital , Bergen N-5021, Norway
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de Flon P, Laurell K, Söderström L, Gunnarsson M, Svenningsson A. Improved treatment satisfaction after switching therapy to rituximab in relapsing-remitting MS. Mult Scler 2016; 23:1249-1257. [PMID: 27780912 DOI: 10.1177/1352458516676643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE New disease-modifying treatment strategies in multiple sclerosis offer possibilities for individualised treatment. In this study, we evaluated patient-reported outcome measures before and after a switch in therapy from first-line injectable treatments to rituximab. METHOD A total of 75 patients with clinically stable relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) receiving ongoing first-line injectable treatment at three Swedish centres had their treatment switched to rituximab in this open-label phase II multicentre study. Assessment of treatment satisfaction, patient-perceived impact of the disease on daily life, fatigue, cognitive symptoms and disease progression was performed 3 months before and at the time of the treatment shift and then for a subsequent 2-year period. RESULTS The overall treatment satisfaction rating improved significantly from a mean of 4.8 (scale range: 1-7), while on injectable therapies, to a mean of 6.3 after 1 year of rituximab treatment ( p < 0.001). This improvement was sustained after 2 years. There was no significant change in scores for patient-perceived impact of disease, fatigue or disease progression. CONCLUSION A shift in therapy from first-line injectables to rituximab in a cohort of clinically stable RRMS patients was followed by improved treatment satisfaction. This is clinically relevant as it may influence long-term adherence to immunomodulating therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre de Flon
- Department of Neurology, Östersund Hospital, Östersund, Sweden/Neurology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Umeå University, Östersund, Sweden
| | - Katarina Laurell
- Neurology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Umeå University, Östersund, Sweden
| | - Lars Söderström
- Unit of Research, Education and Development, Östersund Hospital, Region Jämtland Härjedalen, Östersund, Sweden
| | - Martin Gunnarsson
- Department of Neurology, School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Anders Svenningsson
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden/Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Bergman P, Piket E, Khademi M, James T, Brundin L, Olsson T, Piehl F, Jagodic M. Circulating miR-150 in CSF is a novel candidate biomarker for multiple sclerosis. NEUROLOGY-NEUROIMMUNOLOGY & NEUROINFLAMMATION 2016; 3:e219. [PMID: 27144214 PMCID: PMC4841644 DOI: 10.1212/nxi.0000000000000219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To explore circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) in cell-free CSF as novel biomarkers for multiple sclerosis (MS). Methods: Profiling of miRNAs in CSF of pooled patients with clinically isolated syndrome (CIS), patients with relapsing-remitting MS, and inflammatory and noninflammatory neurologic disease controls was performed using TaqMan miRNA arrays. Two independent patient cohorts (n = 142 and n = 430) were used for validation with real-time PCR. Results: We reliably detected 88 CSF miRNAs in the exploratory cohort. Subsequent validation in 2 cohorts demonstrated significantly higher levels of miR-150 in patients with MS. Higher miR-150 levels were also observed in patients with CIS who converted to MS compared to nonconverters, and in patients initiating natalizumab treatment. Levels of miR-150 correlated with immunologic parameters including CSF cell count, immunoglobulin G index, and presence of oligoclonal bands, and with candidate protein biomarkers C-X-C motif chemokine 13, matrix metallopeptidase 9, and osteopontin. Correlation with neurofilament light chain (NFL) was observed only when NFL was adjusted for age using a method that requires further validation. Additionally, miR-150 discriminated MS from controls and CIS converters from nonconverters equally well as the most informative protein biomarkers. Following treatment with natalizumab, but not fingolimod, CSF levels of miR-150 decreased, while plasma levels increased with natalizumab and decreased with fingolimod, suggesting immune cells as a source of miR-150. Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate miR-150 as a putative novel biomarker of inflammatory active disease with the potential to be used for early diagnosis of MS. Classification of evidence: This study provides Class II evidence that CSF miR-150 distinguishes patients with MS from patients with other neurologic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Bergman
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eliane Piket
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mohsen Khademi
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tojo James
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lou Brundin
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tomas Olsson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Piehl
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maja Jagodic
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Alping P, Frisell T, Novakova L, Islam-Jakobsson P, Salzer J, Björck A, Axelsson M, Malmeström C, Fink K, Lycke J, Svenningsson A, Piehl F. Rituximab versus fingolimod after natalizumab in multiple sclerosis patients. Ann Neurol 2016; 79:950-8. [PMID: 27038238 DOI: 10.1002/ana.24651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Revised: 03/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Many JC virus antibody-positive relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) patients who are stable on natalizumab switch to other therapies to avoid progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. METHODS We compared outcomes for all RRMS patients switching from natalizumab due to JC virus antibody positivity at 3 Swedish multiple sclerosis centers with different preferential use of rituximab and fingolimod (Stockholm, n = 156, fingolimod 51%; Gothenburg, n = 64, fingolimod 88%; Umeå, n = 36, fingolimod 19%), yielding a total cohort of N = 256 (fingolimod 55%). RESULTS Within 1.5 years of cessation of natalizumab, 1.8% (rituximab) and 17.6% (fingolimod) of patients experienced a clinical relapse (hazard ratio for rituximab = 0.10, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.02-0.43). The hazard ratio (favoring rituximab) for adverse events (5.3% vs 21.1%) and treatment discontinuation (1.8% vs 28.2%) were 0.25 (95% CI = 0.10-0.59) and 0.07 (95% CI = 0.02-0.30), respectively. Furthermore, contrast-enhancing lesions were found in 1.4% (rituximab) versus 24.2% (fingolimod) of magnetic resonance imaging examinations (odds ratio = 0.05, 95% CI = 0.00-0.22). Differences remained when adjusting for possible confounders (age, sex, disability status, time on natalizumab, washout time, follow-up time, and study center). INTERPRETATION Our findings suggest an improved effectiveness and tolerability of rituximab compared with fingolimod in stable RRMS patients who switch from natalizumab due to JC virus antibody positivity. Although residual confounding factors cannot be ruled out, the shared reason for switching from natalizumab and the preferential use of either rituximab or fingolimod in 2 of the centers mitigates these concerns. Ann Neurol 2016;79:950-958.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Alping
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thomas Frisell
- Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lenka Novakova
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Jonatan Salzer
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Anna Björck
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Markus Axelsson
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Clas Malmeström
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Katharina Fink
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jan Lycke
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anders Svenningsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Piehl
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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Aeinehband S, Brenner P, Ståhl S, Bhat M, Fidock MD, Khademi M, Olsson T, Engberg G, Jokinen J, Erhardt S, Piehl F. Cerebrospinal fluid kynurenines in multiple sclerosis; relation to disease course and neurocognitive symptoms. Brain Behav Immun 2016; 51:47-55. [PMID: 26189678 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2015.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2015] [Revised: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory and neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system, with a high rate of neurocognitive symptoms for which the molecular background is still uncertain. There is accumulating evidence for dysregulation of the kynurenine pathway (KP) in different psychiatric and neurodegenerative conditions. We here report the first comprehensive analysis of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) kynurenine metabolites in MS patients of different disease stages and in relation to neurocognitive symptoms. Levels of tryptophan (TRP), kynurenine (KYN), kynurenic acid (KYNA) and quinolinic acid (QUIN) were determined with liquid chromatography mass spectrometry in cell-free CSF. At the group level MS patients (cohort 1; n=71) did not differ in absolute levels of TRP, KYN, KYNA or QUIN as compared to non-inflammatory neurological disease controls (n=20). Stratification of patients into different disease courses revealed that both absolute QUIN levels and the QUIN/KYN ratio were increased in relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) patients in relapse. Interestingly, secondary progressive MS (SPMS) displayed a trend for lower TRP and KYNA, while primary progressive (PPMS) patients displayed increased levels of all metabolites, similar to a group of inflammatory neurological disease controls (n=13). In the second cohort (n=48), MS patients with active disease and short disease duration were prospectively evaluated for neuropsychiatric symptoms. In a supervised multivariate analysis using orthogonal projection to latent structures (OPLS-DA) depressed patients displayed higher KYNA/TRP and KYN/TRP ratios, mainly due to low TRP levels. Still, this model had low predictive value and could not completely separate the clinically depressed patients from the non-depressed MS patients. No correlation was evident for other neurocognitive measures. Taken together these results demonstrate that clinical disease activity and differences in disease courses are reflected by changes in KP metabolites. Increased QUIN levels of RRMS patients in relapse and generally decreased levels of TRP in SPMS may relate to neurotoxicity and failure of remyelination, respectively. In contrast, PPMS patients displayed a more divergent pattern more resembling inflammatory conditions such as systemic lupus erythematosus. The pattern of KP metabolites in RRMS patients could not predict neurocognitive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahin Aeinehband
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Philip Brenner
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sara Ståhl
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Bhat
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; AstraZeneca, Research & Development, Innovative Medicines, Personalized Healthcare & Biomarkers, Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mark D Fidock
- AstraZeneca, Research & Development, Innovative Medicines, Personalized Healthcare & Biomarkers, Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mohsen Khademi
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tomas Olsson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Göran Engberg
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jussi Jokinen
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Clinical Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Sophie Erhardt
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Piehl
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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The Therapeutic Potential of the Ketogenic Diet in Treating Progressive Multiple Sclerosis. Mult Scler Int 2015; 2015:681289. [PMID: 26839705 PMCID: PMC4709725 DOI: 10.1155/2015/681289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Until recently, multiple sclerosis has been viewed as an entirely inflammatory disease without acknowledgment of the significant neurodegenerative component responsible for disease progression and disability. This perspective is being challenged by observations of a dissociation between inflammation and neurodegeneration where the neurodegenerative component may play a more significant role in disease progression. In this review, we explore the relationship between mitochondrial dysfunction and neurodegeneration in multiple sclerosis. We review evidence that the ketogenic diet can improve mitochondrial function and discuss the potential of the ketogenic diet in treating progressive multiple sclerosis for which no treatment currently exists.
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Badawi AH, Kiptoo P, Siahaan TJ. Immune Tolerance Induction against Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (EAE) Using A New PLP-B7AP Conjugate that Simultaneously Targets B7/CD28 Costimulatory Signal and TCR/MHC-II Signal. JOURNAL OF MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS 2015; 2:1000131. [PMID: 26140285 PMCID: PMC4484621 DOI: 10.4172/2376-0389.1000131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Most of the current therapies used in the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS) are either ineffective or have adverse side effects. As such, there is a need to develop better therapies that specifically target myelin-specific aberrant immune cells involved in CNS inflammation without compromising the general immune system. In the present study, we developed a new bifunctional peptide inhibitor (BPI) that is effective and specific. Our BPI (PLP-B7AP) is composed of an antigenic peptide from myelin proteolipid protein (PLP139-151) and a B7 antisense peptide (B7AP) derived from CD28 receptor. The main hypothesis is that PLP-B7AP simultaneously targets MHC-II and B7-costimulatory molecules on the surface of antigen presenting cells (APC) and possibly alters the differentiation of naïve T cells from inflammatory to regulatory phenotypes. Results showed that PLP-B7AP was very effective in suppressing experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) compared to various controls in a mouse model. PLP-B7AP was effective when administered both before and after disease induction. Secreted cytokines from splenocytes isolated during periods of high disease severity and remission indicated that PLP-B7AP treatment induced an increased production of anti-inflammatory cytokines and inhibited the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Further, analysis of cortical brain tissue sections showed that PLP-B7AP treated mice had significantly lower demyelination compared to the control group. All these taken together indicate that the T cell receptor (TCR) and the CD28 receptor can be targeted simultaneously to improve efficacy and specificity of potential MS therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed H Badawi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
- KU Medical Center, The University of Kansas, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Paul Kiptoo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
| | - Teruna J Siahaan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
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40
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Pearson M, Dieberg G, Smart N. Exercise as a Therapy for Improvement of Walking Ability in Adults With Multiple Sclerosis: A Meta-Analysis. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2015; 96:1339-1348.e7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2015.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Revised: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Abstract
Objective. Patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) are often suffering from neuropathic pain. Antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) and tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) are commonly used and are susceptible to be involved in drug interactions. The aim of this retrospective study was to investigate the prevalence of use of antiepileptic and antidepressive drugs in MS patients and to discuss the theoretical potential for interactions. Methods. Review of the medical records from all patients treated at a dedicated MS rehabilitation centre in Norway between 2009 and 2012. Results. In total 1090 patients attended a rehabilitation stay during the study period. Of these, 342 (31%; 249 females) with mean age of 53 (±10) years and EDSS 4.8 (±1.7) used at least one AED (gabapentin 12.7%, pregabalin 7.7%, clonazepam 7.8%, and carbamazepine 2.6%) or amitriptyline (9.7%). Polypharmacy was widespread (mean 5.4 drugs) with 60% using additional CNS-active drugs with a propensity to be involved in interactions. Age, gender, and EDSS scores did not differ significantly between those using and not using AED/amitriptyline. Conclusion. One-third of MS patients attending a rehabilitation stay receive AED/amitriptyline treatment. The high prevalence of polypharmacy and use of CNS-active drugs calls for awareness of especially pharmacodynamic interactions and possible excessive adverse effects.
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Frisell T, Forsberg L, Nordin N, Kiesel C, Alfredsson L, Askling J, Hillert J, Olsson T, Piehl F. Comparative analysis of first-year fingolimod and natalizumab drug discontinuation among Swedish patients with multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler 2015; 22:85-93. [PMID: 25921036 DOI: 10.1177/1352458515579216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Natalizumab (NTZ) and fingolimod (FGL) are mainly used second line in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS), although pivotal trials included mainly treatment-naïve patients. OBJECTIVE This study aims to provide real-world data on safety and discontinuation rates. METHODS Using IMSE, a drug monitoring registry for all newer MS drugs in Sweden, we analysed differences in baseline characteristics and 1-year drug survival for patients registered 2011-2013, initiating treatment with NTZ (n=640) or FGL (n=876). Among FGL initiators, n=383 (44%) had previously used NTZ (FGL(afterNTZ)). RESULTS Compared with NTZ, the FGL cohort was older and more often male (36/38 years, 24%/33% males). Baseline Expanded Disability Status Scale was similar across groups, but MS Severity Score was higher in NTZ patients, and Symbol Digit Modalities Test and MS Impact Scale (MSIS-29) was higher in FGL(afterNTZ) versus FGL(NTZ-naïve) patients. Proportion on drug after 1 year was high, NTZ=87%, FGL(NTZ-naïve)=83% and FGL(afterNTZ)=76%. Adverse events was the most frequent reason for discontinuing FGL (FGL(NTZ-naïve)=9%, FGL(afterNTZ)=12%), and was significantly higher than on NTZ (3%). In contrast, the proportion of patients stopping treatment due to lack of effect was more similar: NTZ=4%, FGL(NTZ-naïve)=3%, FGL(afterNTZ)=8%. CONCLUSION FGL and NTZ were both well tolerated, but FGL less so than NTZ, especially in patients switching to FGL from NTZ. Group differences were not explained by differences in recorded baseline characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Frisell
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - L Forsberg
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - N Nordin
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - C Kiesel
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - L Alfredsson
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - J Askling
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden/Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - J Hillert
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - T Olsson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - F Piehl
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
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Büyüktimkin B, Kiptoo P, Siahaan TJ. Bifunctional Peptide Inhibitors Suppress Interleukin-6 Proliferation and Ameliorates Murine Collagen-Induced Arthritis. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL & CELLULAR IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 5:1000273. [PMID: 26251760 PMCID: PMC4524745 DOI: 10.4172/2155-9899.1000273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and potential mechanism of action of type-II collagen bifunctional peptide inhibitor (CII-BPI) molecules in suppressing rheumatoid arthritis in the collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mouse model. CII-BPI molecules (CII-BPI-1, CII-BPI-2, and CII-BPI-3) were formed through conjugation between an antigenic peptide derived from type-II collagen and a cell adhesion peptide LABL (CD11a237-246) from the I-domain of LFA-1 via a linker molecule. The hypothesis is that the CII-BPI molecules simultaneously bind to MHC-II and ICAM-1 on the surface of APC and block maturation of the immunological synapse. As a result, the differentiation of naïve T cells is altered from inflammatory to regulatory and/or suppressor T cells. The efficacies of CII-BPI molecules were evaluated upon intravenous injections in CIA mice. Results showed that CII-BPI-1 and CIIBPI-2 suppressed the joint inflammations in CIA mice in a dose-dependent manner and were more potent than the respective antigenic peptides alone. CII-BPI-3 was not as efficacious as CII-BPI-1 and CII-BPI-2. Significantly less joint damage was observed in CII-BPI-2 and CII-2 treated mice than in the control. The production of IL-6 was significantly lower at the peak of disease in mice treated with CII-BPI-2 compared to those treated with CII-2 and control. In conclusion, this is the first proof-of-concept study showing that BPI molecules can be used to suppress RA and may be a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barlas Büyüktimkin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
| | - Paul Kiptoo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
| | - Teruna J Siahaan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
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