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Lin SC, Wang CY, Hou TH, Chen HC, Wang CC. Impact of Fruit and Vegetable Enzyme Supplementation on Aerobic Performance and Lactate Response in Older Adults Following High-Intensity Interval Exercise Through Exergaming: Randomized Experimental Matched-Pair Study. JMIR Serious Games 2024; 12:e52231. [PMID: 38967387 PMCID: PMC11225091 DOI: 10.2196/52231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Exercise offers substantial health benefits but can induce oxidative stress and inflammation, especially in high-intensity formats such as high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE). Exergaming has become an effective, enjoyable fitness tool for all ages, particularly older adults. Enzyme supplements may enhance exercise performance by improving lactate metabolism and reducing oxidative stress. Objective This study investigates the efficacy of fruit and vegetable enzyme supplementation in modulating fatigue and enhancing aerobic capacity in older adults following HIIE through exergaming. Methods The study recruited 16 older adult female participants and allocated them into 2 distinct groups (enzyme and placebo) based on their pretest lactate levels. This division used pairwise grouping to guarantee comparability between the groups, ensuring the integrity of the results. They engaged in HIIE using Nintendo Switch Ring Fit Adventure, performing 8 sets of 20 seconds of maximum effort exercise interspersed with 30 seconds of rest, totaling 370 seconds of exercise. Key metrics assessed included blood lactate levels, heart rate, rating of perceived exertion, and training impulse. Participants in the enzyme group were administered a fruit and vegetable enzyme supplement at a dosage of 30 mL twice daily over a period of 14 days. Results The enzyme group showed significantly lower blood lactate levels compared to the placebo group, notably after the fourth (mean 4.29, SD 0.67 vs mean 6.34, SD 1.17 mmol/L; P=.001) and eighth (mean 5.84, SD 0.63 vs mean 8.20, SD 1.15 mmol/L; P<.001) exercise sessions. This trend continued at 5 minutes (mean 6.85, SD 0.82 vs mean 8.60, SD 1.13 mmol/L; P=.003) and 10 minutes (mean 5.91, SD 1.16 vs mean 8.21, SD 1.27 mmol/L; P=.002) after exercise. Although both groups exceeded 85% of their estimated maximum heart rate during the exercise, enzyme supplementation did not markedly affect the perceived intensity or effort. Conclusions The study indicates that fruit and vegetable enzyme supplementation can significantly reduce blood lactate levels in older adults following HIIE through exergaming. This suggests a potential role for these enzymes in modulating lactate production or clearance during and after high-intensity exercise. These findings have implications for developing targeted interventions to enhance exercise tolerance and recovery in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Cheng Lin
- Department of Sport, Leisure and Health Management, Tainan University of Technology, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Yen Wang
- Department of Athletics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tien-Hung Hou
- General Education Center & Department of Regimen and Leisure Management, Tainan University of Technology, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Ching Chen
- Department of Sport, Leisure and Health Management, Tainan University of Technology, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chi Wang
- Physical Education Office, National Taipei University of Business, Taipei, Taiwan
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Riviati N, Legiran L, Saleh I, Indrajaya T, Ali Z, Irfannuddin, Probosuseno. Ophiocephalus striatus Extract Supplementation Decreases Serum IL-6 Levels in Older People with Sarcopenia-A Single-Center Experience. Geriatrics (Basel) 2024; 9:35. [PMID: 38525752 PMCID: PMC10961775 DOI: 10.3390/geriatrics9020035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia, a condition characterized by muscle loss and decreased function in older adults, is a growing public health concern. This study aimed to investigate the effects of Ophiocephalus striatus extract on insulin-like growth factor-1 serum, interleukin-6 serum levels, and sarcopenia-related parameters in older adults with sarcopenia. This double-blind randomized controlled trial included 80 older adults with sarcopenia. Participants were randomly assigned to receive Ophiocephalus striatus extract or a placebo for two weeks. The IGF-1 serum and IL-6 serum levels were assessed as primary outcomes. The Ophiocephalus striatus extract intervention resulted in a significant reduction in serum IL-6 levels. Although the IGF-1 levels did not show significant changes, there was an increase for the intervention group. This study demonstrated that a 2-week intervention with Ophiocephalus striatus extract positively impacted the serum IL-6 levels in older adults with sarcopenia. While the IGF-1 levels did not change significantly in this short intervention period, the observed improvements in IGF-1, calf circumference, muscle mass, and muscle strength are promising. The findings suggest that Ophiocephalus striatus extract may offer a valuable intervention for managing sarcopenia, particularly in regions with abundant Ophiocephalus striatus production, such as South Sumatera. This study was registered with trial number NCT05869383.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Riviati
- Internal Medicine Department, Medical Faculty, Sriwijaya University, Palembang 30126, Indonesia
| | - Legiran Legiran
- Biomedicine Department, Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Sriwijaya University, Palembang 30139, Indonesia;
| | - Irsan Saleh
- Pharmacology Department, Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Sriwijaya University, Palembang 30139, Indonesia;
| | - Taufik Indrajaya
- Internal Medicine Department, Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Sriwijaya University, Palembang 30139, Indonesia; (T.I.); (Z.A.)
| | - Zulkhair Ali
- Internal Medicine Department, Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Sriwijaya University, Palembang 30139, Indonesia; (T.I.); (Z.A.)
| | - Irfannuddin
- Physiology Department, Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Sriwijaya University, Palembang 30139, Indonesia;
| | - Probosuseno
- Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Gajah Mada University, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia;
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Prado Y, Aravena D, Gatica S, Llancalahuen FM, Aravena C, Gutiérrez-Vera C, Carreño LJ, Cabello-Verrugio C, Simon F. From genes to systems: The role of food supplementation in the regulation of sepsis-induced inflammation. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:166909. [PMID: 37805092 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
Systemic inflammation includes a widespread immune response to a harmful stimulus that results in extensive systemic damage. One common example of systemic inflammation is sepsis, which is defined as life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection. Under the pro-inflammatory environment of sepsis, oxidative stress contributes to tissue damage due to dysfunctional microcirculation that progressively causes the failure of multiple organs that ultimately triggers death. To address the underlying inflammatory condition in critically ill patients, progress has been made to assess the beneficial effects of dietary supplements, which include polyphenols, amino acids, fatty acids, vitamins, and minerals that are recognized for their immuno-modulating, anticoagulating, and analgesic properties. Therefore, we aimed to review and discuss the contribution of food-derived supplementation in the regulation of inflammation from gene expression to physiological responses and summarize the precedented potential of current therapeutic approaches during systemic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yolanda Prado
- Laboratory of Integrative Physiopathology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile; Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
| | - Diego Aravena
- Laboratory of Integrative Physiopathology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile; Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sebastian Gatica
- Laboratory of Integrative Physiopathology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile; Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
| | - Felipe M Llancalahuen
- Laboratory of Integrative Physiopathology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile; Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristobal Aravena
- Laboratory of Integrative Physiopathology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile; Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristián Gutiérrez-Vera
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile; Programa de Inmunología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Chile
| | - Leandro J Carreño
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile; Programa de Inmunología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Chile
| | - Claudio Cabello-Verrugio
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile; Laboratory of Muscle Pathology, Fragility and Aging, Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile; Center for the Development of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (CEDENNA), Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Felipe Simon
- Laboratory of Integrative Physiopathology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile; Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile; Millennium Nucleus of Ion Channel-Associated Diseases, Santiago, Chile.
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Richards TL, Burron S, Ma DWL, Pearson W, Trevizan L, Minikhiem D, Grant C, Patterson K, Shoveller AK. Effects of dietary camelina, flaxseed, and canola oil supplementation on inflammatory and oxidative markers, transepidermal water loss, and coat quality in healthy adult dogs. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1085890. [PMID: 36968475 PMCID: PMC10034026 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1085890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
IntroductionCamelina oil contains a greater concentration of omega-3 (n-3) a-linolenic acid (C18:3n-3; ALA) than omega-6 (n-6) linoleic acid (C18:2n-6; LA), in comparison to alternative fat sources commonly used to formulate canine diets. Omega-3 FAs are frequently used to support canine skin and coat health claims and reduce inflammation and oxidative stress; however, there is a lack of research investigating camelina oil supplementation and its effects on these applications in dogs. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of camelina oil supplementation on coat quality, skin barrier function, and circulating inflammatory and oxidative marker concentrations.MethodsThirty healthy [17 females; 13 males; 7.2 ± 3.1 years old; 27.4 ± 14.0 kg body weight (BW)] privately-owned dogs of various breeds were used. After a 4-week wash-in period consuming sunflower oil (n6:n3 = 1:0) and a commercial kibble, dogs were blocked by age, breed, and size, and randomly assigned to one of three treatment oils: camelina (n6:n3 = 1:1.18), canola (n6:n3 = 1:0.59), flaxseed (n6:n3 = 1:4.19) (inclusion level: 8.2 g oil/100 g of total food intake) in a randomized complete block design. Transepidermal water loss (TEWL) was measured using a VapoMeter on the pinna, paw pad, and inner leg. Fasted blood samples were collected to measure serum inflammatory and oxidative marker concentrations using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits and spectrophotometric assays. A 5-point-Likert scale was used to assess coat characteristics. All data were collected on weeks 0, 2, 4, 10, and 16 and analyzed using PROC GLIMMIX in SAS.ResultsNo significant changes occurred in TEWL, or inflammatory and oxidative marker concentrations among treatments, across weeks, or for treatment by week interactions. Softness, shine, softness uniformity, color intensity, and follicle density of the coat increased from baseline in all treatment groups (P < 0.05).DiscussionOutcomes did not differ (P > 0.05) among treatment groups over 16-weeks, indicating that camelina oil is comparable to existing plant-based canine oil supplements, flaxseed, and canola, at supporting skin and coat health and inflammation in dogs. Future research employing an immune or exercise challenge is warranted, as the dogs in this study were not subjected to either.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor L. Richards
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Scarlett Burron
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - David W. L. Ma
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Wendy Pearson
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Luciano Trevizan
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Caitlin Grant
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Keely Patterson
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Anna K. Shoveller
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
- *Correspondence: Anna K. Shoveller
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The In Vitro, Ex Vivo, and In Vivo Effect of Edible Oils: A Review on Cell Interactions. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15030869. [PMID: 36986730 PMCID: PMC10056871 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15030869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Consumption of edible oils is a significant part of the dietary pattern in the developed and developing world. Marine and vegetable oils are assumed to be part of a healthy food pattern, especially if one takes into account their potential role in protecting against inflammation, cardiovascular disease, and metabolic syndrome due to the presence of polyunsaturated fatty acids and minor bioactive compounds. Exploring the potential effect of edible fats and oils on health and chronic diseases is an emerging field worldwide. This study reviews the current knowledge of the in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo effect of edible oils in contact with various cell types and aims to demonstrate which nutritional and bioactive components of a variety of edible oils present biocompatibility, antimicrobial properties, antitumor activity, anti-angiogenic activity, and antioxidant activity. Through this review, a wide variety of cell interactions with edible oils and their potential to counteract oxidative stress in pathological conditions are presented as well. Moreover, the gaps in current knowledge are also highlighted, and future perspectives on edible oils and their health benefits and potential to counteract a wide variety of diseases through possible molecular mechanisms are also discussed.
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Elisia I, Yeung M, Kowalski S, Wong J, Rafiei H, Dyer RA, Atkar-Khattra S, Lam S, Krystal G. Omega 3 supplementation reduces C-reactive protein, prostaglandin E 2 and the granulocyte/lymphocyte ratio in heavy smokers: An open-label randomized crossover trial. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1051418. [PMID: 36532545 PMCID: PMC9751896 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1051418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Given the current controversy concerning the efficacy of omega 3 supplements at reducing inflammation, we evaluated the safety and efficacy of omega 3 on reducing inflammation in people with a 6-year lung cancer risk >1.5% and a C reactive protein (CRP) level >2 mg/L in a phase IIa cross-over study. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-nine healthy participants ages 55 to 80, who were still smoking or had smoked in the past with ≥30 pack-years smoking history, living in British Columbia, Canada, were randomized in an open-label trial to receive 2.4 g eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) + 1.2 g docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)/day for 6 months followed by observation for 6 months or observation for 6 months first and then active treatment for the next 6 months. Blood samples were collected over 1 year for measurement of plasma CRP, plasma and red blood cell (RBC) membrane levels of EPA, DHA and other fatty acids, Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), Leukotriene B4 (LTB4) and an inflammatory marker panel. RESULTS Twenty one participants who began the trial within the active arm completed the trial while 20 participants who started in the control arm completed the study. Taking omega 3 resulted in a significant decrease in plasma CRP and PGE2 but not LTB4 levels. Importantly, the effect size for the primary outcome, CRP values, at the end of the intervention relative to baseline was medium (Cohen's d = 0.56). DHA, but not EPA levels in RBC membranes inversely correlated with PGE2 levels. Omega 3 also led to a significant reduction in granulocytes and an increase in lymphocytes. These high-dose omega 3 supplements were well tolerated, with only minor gastrointestinal symptoms in a subset of participants. CONCLUSION Omega 3 fatty acids taken at 3.6 g/day significantly reduce systemic inflammation with negligible adverse health effects in people who smoke or have smoked and are at high risk of lung cancer.ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT number: NCT03936621.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Elisia
- The Terry Fox Laboratory, BC Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Michelle Yeung
- The Terry Fox Laboratory, BC Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Sara Kowalski
- The Terry Fox Laboratory, BC Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jennifer Wong
- The Terry Fox Laboratory, BC Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Hossein Rafiei
- The Terry Fox Laboratory, BC Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Roger A. Dyer
- Analytical Core for Metabolomics and Nutrition, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Sukhinder Atkar-Khattra
- Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Stephen Lam
- Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Gerald Krystal
- The Terry Fox Laboratory, BC Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Trivedi P, Abbas A, Lehmann C, Rupasinghe HPV. Antiviral and Anti-Inflammatory Plant-Derived Bioactive Compounds and Their Potential Use in the Treatment of COVID-19-Related Pathologies. J Xenobiot 2022; 12:289-306. [PMID: 36278757 PMCID: PMC9589987 DOI: 10.3390/jox12040020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The highly contagious coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has been declared a global pandemic and public health emergency as it has taken the lives of over 5.7 million in more than 180 different countries. This disease is characterized by respiratory tract symptoms, such as dry cough and shortness of breath, as well as other symptoms, including fever, chills, and fatigue. COVID-19 is also characterized by the excessive release of cytokines causing inflammatory injury to the lungs and other organs. It is advised to undergo precautionary measures, such as vaccination, social distancing, use of masks, hygiene, and a healthy diet. This review is aimed at summarizing the pathophysiology of COVID-19 and potential biologically active compounds (bioactive) found in plants and plant food. We conclude that many plant food bioactive compounds exhibit antiviral and anti-inflammatory properties and support in attenuating organ damage due to reduced cytokine release and improving the recovery process from COVID-19 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Purvi Trivedi
- Department of Anesthesia, Pain Management and Perioperative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 3E2, Canada
| | - Amna Abbas
- Department of Plant, Food, and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS B2N 5E3, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - Christian Lehmann
- Department of Anesthesia, Pain Management and Perioperative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 3E2, Canada
| | - H. P. Vasantha Rupasinghe
- Department of Plant, Food, and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS B2N 5E3, Canada
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 3E2, Canada
- Correspondence:
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Sedighiyan M, Abdollahi H, Karimi E, Badeli M, Erfanian R, Raeesi S, Hashemi R, Vahabi Z, Asanjarani B, Mansouri F, Abdolahi M. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids supplementation improve clinical symptoms in patients with Covid-19: A randomised clinical trial. Int J Clin Pract 2021; 75:e14854. [PMID: 34516692 DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.14854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS We hypothesised that omega-3 fatty acids would be an appropriate adjunct therapy for alleviating the inflammatory response and clinical manifestation in hospitalised patients with Covid-19 disease. METHODS This was a single-blind randomised controlled trial in Amir-Alam hospital in Tehran. Thirty adult men and women diagnosed with Covid-19 were allocated to either control group (receiving Hydroxychloroquine) or intervention group (receiving Hydroxychloroquine plus 2 grams of Docosahexaenoic acid [DHA] + Eicosapentaenoic acid [EPA]) for 2 weeks. Primary outcome of the intervention including C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) as well as clinical symptoms including body pain, fatigue, appetite and olfactory and secondary outcomes including liver enzymes were determined at the baseline and after omega-3 supplementation. Clinical signs were measured using self-reported questionnaires. There were commercial kits for determination of CRP and liver enzymes concentrations in the serum of patients. For determination of ESR automated haematology analyser was applied. The study of "Comparison of the effectiveness of omega-3 and Hydroxychloroquine on Inflammatory factors, liver enzymes and clinical symptoms in diabetic Covid-19 patients" was registered in Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT) with ID number: IRCT20200511047399N1. RESULTS In comparison to control group, patients receiving omega-3 indicated favourable changes in all clinical symptoms except for olfactory (P < .001 for body pain and fatigue, P = .03 for appetite and P = .21 for olfactory). Reducing effects of omega-3 supplementation compared with control group were also observed in the levels of ESR and CRP after treatment (P < .001 for CRP and P = .02 for ESR). However, no between group differences in the liver enzymes serum concentrations were observed after supplementation (P > .05). CONCLUSION Current observations are very promising and indicate that supplementation with moderate dosages of omega-3 fatty acids may be beneficial in the management of inflammation-mediated clinical symptoms in Covid-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Sedighiyan
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Abdollahi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Amir Alam Hospital Complexes, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elmira Karimi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Badeli
- Department of Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Erfanian
- Otorhinolaryngology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shima Raeesi
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Ziaeian Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rezvan Hashemi
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Ziaeian Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Vahabi
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Ziaeian Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Memory and Behavioral Neurology Division, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behzad Asanjarani
- Amir Alam Hospital Complexes, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fariba Mansouri
- Amir Alam Hospital Complexes, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mina Abdolahi
- Amir Alam Hospital Complexes, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Costabile G, Della Pepa G, Vetrani C, Vitaglione P, Griffo E, Giacco R, Vitale M, Salamone D, Rivellese AA, Annuzzi G, Bozzetto L. An Oily Fish Diet Improves Subclinical Inflammation in People at High Cardiovascular Risk: A Randomized Controlled Study. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26113369. [PMID: 34199645 PMCID: PMC8199776 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Interest has arisen on the anti-inflammatory action of dietary components, including long-chain n-3 fatty acids (LCn3) and polyphenols (PP). The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of diets rich in PP and oily fish (high-LCn3 diets) on markers of subclinical inflammation and growth factors in people at high cardiometabolic risk. Individuals with high waist circumference and one more component of metabolic syndrome were randomized to one of the following isoenergetic diets: low LCn3&PP, high LCn3, high PP, high LCn3&PP. Before and after 8 weeks, fasting and postprandial plasma concentrations of hs-CRP and fasting serum concentrations of IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17, INF-γ, TNF-α, FGF, VEGF, PDGF-ββ, G-CSF, and GM-CSF were determined. An oily fish diet reduced fasting plasma hs-CRP (1.28 ± 12.0, −12.5 ± 6.9, 22.5 ± 33.6, −12.2 ± 11.9; 8-week percent change, Mean ± SEM; low LCn3&PP, high LCn3, high PP, high LCn3&PP group, respectively), postprandial 6h-AUC hs-CRP (4.6 ± 16.3, −18.2 ± 7.2, 26.9 ± 35.1, −11.5 ± 11.8, 8-week percent change) and fasting IL-6 (20.8 ± 18.7, −2.44 ± 12.4, 28.1 ± 17.4, −9.6 ± 10.2), IL-17 (2.40 ± 4.9, −13.3 ± 4.9, 3.8 ± 4.43, −11.5 ± 4.7), and VEGF (−5.7 ± 5.8, −5.6 ± 7.5, 3.5 ± 5.8, −11.1 ± 5.5) (8-week percent change; p < 0.05 for LCn3 effect for all; no significant effect for PP; 2-factor ANOVA). An oily fish diet improved subclinical inflammation, while no significant effect was observed for dietary polyphenols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Costabile
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, 80130 Naples, Italy; (G.C.); (G.D.P.); (C.V.); (E.G.); (M.V.); (D.S.); (G.A.); (L.B.)
| | - Giuseppe Della Pepa
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, 80130 Naples, Italy; (G.C.); (G.D.P.); (C.V.); (E.G.); (M.V.); (D.S.); (G.A.); (L.B.)
| | - Claudia Vetrani
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, 80130 Naples, Italy; (G.C.); (G.D.P.); (C.V.); (E.G.); (M.V.); (D.S.); (G.A.); (L.B.)
| | - Paola Vitaglione
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Federico II University, 80055 Portici, Italy;
| | - Ettore Griffo
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, 80130 Naples, Italy; (G.C.); (G.D.P.); (C.V.); (E.G.); (M.V.); (D.S.); (G.A.); (L.B.)
| | - Rosalba Giacco
- Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council, 83100 Avellino, Italy;
| | - Marilena Vitale
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, 80130 Naples, Italy; (G.C.); (G.D.P.); (C.V.); (E.G.); (M.V.); (D.S.); (G.A.); (L.B.)
| | - Dominic Salamone
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, 80130 Naples, Italy; (G.C.); (G.D.P.); (C.V.); (E.G.); (M.V.); (D.S.); (G.A.); (L.B.)
| | - Angela Albarosa Rivellese
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, 80130 Naples, Italy; (G.C.); (G.D.P.); (C.V.); (E.G.); (M.V.); (D.S.); (G.A.); (L.B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Giovanni Annuzzi
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, 80130 Naples, Italy; (G.C.); (G.D.P.); (C.V.); (E.G.); (M.V.); (D.S.); (G.A.); (L.B.)
| | - Lutgarda Bozzetto
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, 80130 Naples, Italy; (G.C.); (G.D.P.); (C.V.); (E.G.); (M.V.); (D.S.); (G.A.); (L.B.)
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10
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Fatel ECS, Rosa FT, Alfieri DF, Flauzino T, Scavuzzi BM, Lozovoy MAB, Iriyoda TMV, Simão ANC, Dichi I. Beneficial effects of fish oil and cranberry juice on disease activity and inflammatory biomarkers in people with rheumatoid arthritis. Nutrition 2021; 86:111183. [PMID: 33636418 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2021.111183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We sought to determine whether cranberry juice consumption would ameliorate laboratory and clinical measurements of disease activity in people with rheumatoid arthritis receiving fish oil supplementation. METHODS A prospective study was performed with 62 people with rheumatoid arthritis. We analyzed C-reactive protein modification of the Disease Activity Score-28 (DAS28-CRP) and inflammatory markers. The first group was assigned to eat their typical diet, a second group was asked to consume 3 g of fish oil ω-3 fatty acids daily, and a third group received both 3 g of fish oil n-3 fatty acids and 500 mL of reduced-calorie cranberry juice daily. RESULTS Compared with baseline values, the group receiving both fish oil and cranberry juice showed reductions in erythrocyte sedimentation rate (P = 0.033), C-reactive protein (P = 0.002), DAS28-CRP (P = 0.001), adiponectin (P = 0.021), and interleukin-6 levels (P = 0.045), whereas the fish oil group showed decreased DAS28-CRP (P = 0.0261) and adiponectin (P = 0.0239). Differences across treatments showed that the group receiving both fish oil and cranberry experienced reductions (P < 0.05) in erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein compared to the control group and the group treated with fish oil alone, and a reduction in DAS28-CRP was verified when the fish oil and cranberry group was compared to the control group. CONCLUSIONS The ingestion of cranberry juice adds beneficial effects to fish oil supplementation, decreasing disease activity and inflammatory biomarkers in people with rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elis C S Fatel
- Health Science Graduate Program, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Flávia T Rosa
- Department of Nutrition, Centro Universitário Filadélfia Londrina (UNIFIL), Londrina, Brazil
| | - Daniela F Alfieri
- Health Science Graduate Program, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Tamires Flauzino
- Health Science Graduate Program, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Bruna M Scavuzzi
- Health Science Graduate Program, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Marcell A B Lozovoy
- Department of Pathology, Clinical Analysis and Toxicology, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | | | - Andréa N C Simão
- Department of Pathology, Clinical Analysis and Toxicology, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Isaias Dichi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil.
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11
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Yang B, Ren XL, Li ZH, Shi MQ, Ding F, Su KP, Guo XJ, Li D. Lowering effects of fish oil supplementation on proinflammatory markers in hypertension: results from a randomized controlled trial. Food Funct 2020; 11:1779-1789. [PMID: 32044905 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo03085a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Reduced inflammation is one of the potential mechanisms underlying the cardioprotective efficacy of fish oil enriched with eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Supplementation with fish oil has favorable effects on cardiometabolic profiles in Inner Mongolia patients with hypertension, but whether the cardiovascular benefits can be ascribed to reduced subclinical inflammation is unclear among this population. Seventy-seven middle-aged/elderly hypertensive volunteers were randomly assigned to receive either fish oil (FO, n = 38, 2 g day-1 EPA + DHA) or control corn oil (CO, n = 39) for 90 days. FA compositions in erythrocytes and C-reactive protein (CRP, mg L-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6, pg mL-1) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α, pg mL-1) concentrations in the plasma were measured before and after the 90-day supplementation, and the cardiometabolic risk was expressed as continuously distributed z-scores calculated by standardizing and then summing the individual cardiovascular risk factors. Significant reductions in the TNF-α (-1.87 ± 2.71 vs. -0.64 ± 2.62, p = 0.02) and CRP levels (-0.85 ± 2.49 vs. 0.56 ± 2.14, p = 0.01) were found in the FO group compared with the CO group, but not in the IL-6 levels (-0.66 ± 1.05 vs. -0.25 ± 0.94, p = 0.10). The decreases in the changes of TNF-α levels were positively correlated with the reductions in the cardiometabolic risk scores in the subjects supplemented with FO (r = 0.35, p = 0.02), but not in the control subjects supplemented with CO (r = 0.09, p = 0.54). FO supplementation increased the levels of EPA (p = 0.013), DHA (p = 0.040) and total n-3 FA (p = 0.035), and decreased the levels of 20:4n-6 (p = 0.041) and total n-6 FA (p = 0.011) and the ratio of n-6 to n-3 FA (p = 0.001), compared with the changes related to the CO group. The increases in the changes of erythrocyte total n-3 FA levels were inversely correlated with the concentrations of TNF-α (r = -0.34, p = 0.001) and CRP (r = -0.29, p = 0.020). The present findings suggest that fish oil supplementation may attenuate the proinflammatory reactions in hypertension, which might help promote the cardiometabolic benefits in this Inner Mongolia population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yang
- Institute of Lipids Medicine & School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
| | - Xiao-Li Ren
- Institute of Lipids Medicine & School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
| | - Zi-Hao Li
- Institute of Nutrition and Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Mei-Qi Shi
- Institute of Nutrition and Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Fang Ding
- The Province Center for Cardio-Cerebral-Vascular Disease, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kuan-Pin Su
- Department of Psychiatry & Mind-Body Interface Laboratory, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Xiao-Juan Guo
- Institute of Lipids Medicine & School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
| | - Duo Li
- Institute of Nutrition and Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
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12
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Leckie RL, Lehman DE, Gianaros PJ, Erickson KI, Sereika SM, Kuan DCH, Manuck SB, Ryan CM, Yao JK, Muldoon MF. The effects of omega-3 fatty acids on neuropsychological functioning and brain morphology in mid-life adults: a randomized clinical trial. Psychol Med 2020; 50:2425-2434. [PMID: 31581959 PMCID: PMC8109262 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291719002617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The diet of most adults is low in fish and, therefore, provides limited quantities of the long-chain, omega-3 fatty acids (LCn-3FAs), eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids (EPA, DHA). Since these compounds serve important roles in the brain, we sought to determine if healthy adults with low-LCn-3FA consumption would exhibit improvements in neuropsychological performance and parallel changes in brain morphology following repletion through fish oil supplementation. METHODS In a randomized, controlled trial, 271 mid-life adults (30-54 years of age, 118 men, 153 women) consuming ⩽300 mg/day of LCn-3FAs received 18 weeks of supplementation with fish oil capsules (1400 mg/day of EPA and DHA) or matching placebo. All participants completed a neuropsychological test battery examining four cognitive domains: psychomotor speed, executive function, learning/episodic memory, and fluid intelligence. A subset of 122 underwent neuroimaging before and after supplementation to measure whole-brain and subcortical tissue volumes. RESULTS Capsule adherence was over 95%, participant blinding was verified, and red blood cell EPA and DHA levels increased as expected. Supplementation did not affect performance in any of the four cognitive domains. Exploratory analyses revealed that, compared to placebo, fish oil supplementation improved executive function in participants with low-baseline DHA levels. No changes were observed in any indicator of brain morphology. CONCLUSIONS In healthy mid-life adults reporting low-dietary intake, supplementation with LCn-3FAs in moderate dose for moderate duration did not affect neuropsychological performance or brain morphology. Whether salutary effects occur in individuals with particularly low-DHA exposure requires further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina L. Leckie
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - David E. Lehman
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Peter J. Gianaros
- Psychology Department, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kirk I. Erickson
- Psychology Department, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Dora C. H. Kuan
- Psychology Department, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Stephen B. Manuck
- Psychology Department, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Jeffrey K. Yao
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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13
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Analysis of the intricate effects of polyunsaturated fatty acids and polyphenols on inflammatory pathways in health and disease. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 143:111558. [PMID: 32640331 PMCID: PMC7335494 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Prevention and treatment of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, obesity, cancer, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, arthritis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and various infectious diseases; lately most notably COVID-19 have been in the front line of research worldwide. Although targeting different organs, these pathologies have common biochemical impairments - redox disparity and, prominently, dysregulation of the inflammatory pathways. Research data have shown that diet components like polyphenols, poly-unsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), fibres as well as lifestyle (fasting, physical exercise) are important factors influencing signalling pathways with a significant potential to improve metabolic homeostasis and immune cells' functions. In the present manuscript we have reviewed scientific data from recent publications regarding the beneficial cellular and molecular effects induced by dietary plant products, mainly polyphenolic compounds and PUFAs, and summarize the clinical outcomes expected from these types of interventions, in a search for effective long-term approaches to improve the immune system response.
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14
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Szabó Z, Marosvölgyi T, Szabó É, Bai P, Figler M, Verzár Z. The Potential Beneficial Effect of EPA and DHA Supplementation Managing Cytokine Storm in Coronavirus Disease. Front Physiol 2020; 11:752. [PMID: 32636763 PMCID: PMC7318894 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zoltán Szabó
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Tamás Marosvölgyi
- Medical School, Institute of Bioanalysis, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Éva Szabó
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Medical School, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Péter Bai
- Department Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.,MTA-DE Lendület Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism, Debrecen, Hungary.,Faculty of Medicine, Research Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Mária Figler
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary.,2nd Department of Internal Medicine and Nephrology Centre, Clinical Centre, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Zsófia Verzár
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
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15
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Christ A, Lauterbach M, Latz E. Western Diet and the Immune System: An Inflammatory Connection. Immunity 2020; 51:794-811. [PMID: 31747581 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2019.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 391] [Impact Index Per Article: 97.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The consumption of Western-type calorically rich diets combined with chronic overnutrition and a sedentary lifestyle in Western societies evokes a state of chronic metabolic inflammation, termed metaflammation. Metaflammation contributes to the development of many prevalent non-communicable diseases (NCDs), and these lifestyle-associated pathologies represent a rising public health problem with global epidemic dimensions. A better understanding of how modern lifestyle and Western diet (WD) activate immune cells is essential for the development of efficient preventive and therapeutic strategies for common NCDs. Here, we review the current mechanistic understanding of how the Western lifestyle can induce metaflammation, and we discuss how this knowledge can be translated to protect the public from the health burden associated with their selected lifestyle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anette Christ
- Institute of Innate Immunity, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn 53127, Germany; Department of Infectious Diseases & Immunology, UMass Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Mario Lauterbach
- Institute of Innate Immunity, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn 53127, Germany
| | - Eicke Latz
- Institute of Innate Immunity, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn 53127, Germany; Department of Infectious Diseases & Immunology, UMass Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA; Center of Molecular Inflammation Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim 7491, Norway; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn 53127, Germany.
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16
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Radzikowska U, Rinaldi AO, Çelebi Sözener Z, Karaguzel D, Wojcik M, Cypryk K, Akdis M, Akdis CA, Sokolowska M. The Influence of Dietary Fatty Acids on Immune Responses. Nutrients 2019; 11:E2990. [PMID: 31817726 PMCID: PMC6950146 DOI: 10.3390/nu11122990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Diet-derived fatty acids (FAs) are essential sources of energy and fundamental structural components of cells. They also play important roles in the modulation of immune responses in health and disease. Saturated and unsaturated FAs influence the effector and regulatory functions of innate and adaptive immune cells by changing membrane composition and fluidity and by acting through specific receptors. Impaired balance of saturated/unsaturated FAs, as well as n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated FAs has significant consequences on immune system homeostasis, contributing to the development of many allergic, autoimmune, and metabolic diseases. In this paper, we discuss up-to-date knowledge and the clinical relevance of the influence of dietary FAs on the biology, homeostasis, and functions of epithelial cells, macrophages, dendritic cells, neutrophils, innate lymphoid cells, T cells and B cells. Additionally, we review the effects of dietary FAs on the pathogenesis of many diseases, including asthma, allergic rhinitis, food allergy, atopic dermatitis, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis as well as type 1 and 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urszula Radzikowska
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, 7265 Davos Wolfgang, Switzerland
- Christine Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education, 7265 Davos Wolfgang, Switzerland
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Immune Regulation, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Arturo O Rinaldi
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, 7265 Davos Wolfgang, Switzerland
- Christine Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education, 7265 Davos Wolfgang, Switzerland
| | - Zeynep Çelebi Sözener
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, 7265 Davos Wolfgang, Switzerland
- Department of Chest Disease, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Ankara University School of Medicine, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Dilara Karaguzel
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hacettepe University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Marzena Wojcik
- Department of Structural Biology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-752 Lodz, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Cypryk
- Department of Internal Medicine and Diabetology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-549 Lodz, Poland
| | - Mübeccel Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, 7265 Davos Wolfgang, Switzerland
| | - Cezmi A Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, 7265 Davos Wolfgang, Switzerland
- Christine Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education, 7265 Davos Wolfgang, Switzerland
| | - Milena Sokolowska
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, 7265 Davos Wolfgang, Switzerland
- Christine Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education, 7265 Davos Wolfgang, Switzerland
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17
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Novak F, Vecka M, Meisnerova E, Sevela S, Vavrova L, Rychlikova J, Dolezalova L, Myslivcova D, Zak A, Vitek L, Novakova O. Fish oil supplementation with various lipid emulsions suppresses in vitro cytokine release in home parenteral nutrition patients: a crossover study. Nutr Res 2019; 72:70-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2019.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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18
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Chitre NM, Moniri NH, Murnane KS. Omega-3 Fatty Acids as Druggable Therapeutics for Neurodegenerative Disorders. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS DRUG TARGETS 2019; 18:735-749. [PMID: 31724519 PMCID: PMC7204890 DOI: 10.2174/1871527318666191114093749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders are commonly associated with a complex pattern of pathophysiological hallmarks, including increased oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, which makes their treatment challenging. Omega-3 Fatty Acids (O3FA) are natural products with reported neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects. These effects have been attributed to their incorporation into neuronal membranes or through the activation of intracellular or recently discovered cell-surface receptors (i.e., Free-Fatty Acid Receptors; FFAR). Molecular docking studies have investigated the roles of O3FA as agonists of FFAR and have led to the development of receptor-specific targeted agonists for therapeutic purposes. Moreover, novel formulation strategies for targeted delivery of O3FA to the brain have supported their development as therapeutics for neurodegenerative disorders. Despite the compelling evidence of the beneficial effects of O3FA for several neuroprotective functions, they are currently only available as unregulated dietary supplements, with only a single FDA-approved prescription product, indicated for triglyceride reduction. This review highlights the relative safety and efficacy of O3FA, their drug-like properties, and their capacity to be formulated in clinically viable drug delivery systems. Interestingly, the presence of cardiac conditions such as hypertriglyceridemia is associated with brain pathophysiological hallmarks of neurodegeneration, such as neuroinflammation, thereby further suggesting potential therapeutic roles of O3FA for neurodegenerative disorders. Taken together, this review article summarizes and integrates the compelling evidence regarding the feasibility of developing O3FA and their synthetic derivatives as potential drugs for neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha M. Chitre
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Mercer University Health Sciences Center, Mercer University, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Nader H. Moniri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Mercer University Health Sciences Center, Mercer University, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Kevin S. Murnane
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Mercer University Health Sciences Center, Mercer University, Atlanta, GA USA
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19
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Peng YC, Yang FL, Subeq YM, Tien CC, Chao YFC, Lee RP. Lipid Emulsion Enriched in Omega-3 PUFA Accelerates Wound Healing: A Placebo-Controlled Animal Study. World J Surg 2018; 42:1714-1720. [PMID: 29264725 DOI: 10.1007/s00268-017-4404-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Omega-3 (ω-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) generate bioactive lipid mediators that reduce inflammation. The present study evaluated the effect of SMOFlipid containing ω-3 PUFAs on wound healing. METHODS Rats were divided into a SMOFlipid (SMOF) group and a 0.9% saline (placebo) group, with eight rats in each group. Wound excision was performed on the dorsal surface of each rat. In the SMOF group, 1 gm/kg SMOFlipid was dissolved in 3 mL saline as a treatment; in the placebo group, 3 mL saline was prepared as a treatment. The treatments were administered intravenously at an initial rate of 0.2 mL/kg body weight/h immediately after wounding, for 72 h. Blood samples were collected for white blood cell, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-10 measurements at the baseline and at 1, 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h after intervention. Wound areas were measured over a 2-week period after excision, and a histological examination was performed. RESULTS Compared with the placebo group, SMOFlipid supplementation engendered significant decreases in the wound area on day 3 (78.28 ± 5.25 vs. 105.86 ± 8.89%), day 5 (72.20 ± 4.31 vs. 96.39 ± 4.72%), day 10 (20.78 ± 1.28 vs. 39.80 ± 10.38%), and day 14 (7.56 ± 0.61 vs. 15.10 ± 2.42%). The placebo group had a higher TNF-α level than the SMOF group at 72 h. The IL-10 level was higher in the SMOF group than in the placebo group at 48 h. Histological analysis revealed a higher rate of fibroblast distribution and collagen fiber organization in the SMOF group (P = 0.01). CONCLUSION SMOFlipid enriched in ω-3 PUFA accelerates wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chi Peng
- Department of Nursing, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Fwu-Lin Yang
- Intensive Care Unit, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Maun Subeq
- Department of Nursing, National Taichung University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Chieh Tien
- Department of Nursing, Tzu Chi University of Science and Technology, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Yann-Fen C Chao
- Department of Nursing, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Ru-Ping Lee
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, No. 701, Sec. 3., Zhongyang Rd., 97004, Hualien, Taiwan.
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20
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Song J, Hu M, Li C, Yang B, Ding Q, Wang C, Mao L. Dose-dependent effects of fish oil on cardio-metabolic biomarkers in healthy middle-aged and elderly Chinese people: a double-blind randomized controlled trial. Food Funct 2018; 9:3235-3243. [PMID: 29781483 DOI: 10.1039/c7fo01566f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
n-3PUFA consumption has been widely accepted as a nutritional strategy for the secondary prevention of cardiovascular events in patients at high risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), but little is known about the dose-response relationship between dietary n-3PUFA and serum biomarkers associated with cardiovascular health in the general population. The present study involved a 12-week double-blind, randomized controlled trial to explore the effects of fish oil with different doses (0.31, 0.62 and 1.24 g d-1 of EPA and DHA) on serum fatty acids and cardio-metabolic biomarkers including adiponectin, inflammatory markers, lipid profiles and fasting glucose in healthy middle-aged and elderly Chinese people. 240 volunteers met our inclusion criteria. A total of 39 subjects dropped out and 201 finally completed the intervention. No significant differences in baseline characteristics and daily intakes of dietary nutrients were detected among all groups. After a 12-week intervention, fish oil dose-dependently enhanced serum EPA, DHA, n-3PUFA and adiponectin (except for 0.31 g d-1), but decreased serum n-6/n-3PUFA, TG and fasting glucose. Changes in the above indicators from the baseline to week 12 in fish oil groups significantly differed from those in the control. Meanwhile, all the doses of EPA and DHA led to decreases in serum CRP; only 1.24 g d-1 led to an increase in HDL-C with a concurrent decrease in TC/HDL-C even though these changes were not significantly different among all groups. All the findings suggested that fish oil dose-dependently regulated serum PUFA and cardio-metabolic biomarkers including adiponectin, CRP, lipid profiles and fasting glucose in healthy middle-aged and elderly Chinese people who consumed insufficient dietary n-3PUFA, and the most desirable changes were observed for 1.24 g d-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Song
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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21
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Stupin A, Rasic L, Matic A, Stupin M, Kralik Z, Kralik G, Grcevic M, Drenjancevic I. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids-enriched hen eggs consumption enhances microvascular reactivity in young healthy individuals. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2018; 43:988-995. [DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2017-0735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The beneficial effect of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) supplementation on the cardiovascular (CV) system is well supported in CV patients; however, the effect of the consumption of omega-3 PUFA-enriched functional food in healthy individuals is still not fully elucidated. This study aimed to determine the effect of the consumption of omega-3 PUFA-enriched hen eggs on the microvascular reactivity (primary outcome), blood pressure (BP), and serum lipid profile in young healthy individuals. The control group (N = 16) ate 3 ordinary hen eggs (277 mg of omega-3 PUFAs/day), and the OMEGA-3 group (N = 20) ate 3 omega-3 PUFA-enriched eggs containing 259 mg of omega-3 PUFAs/egg daily (α-linolenic acid (ALA), 167 mg/egg; eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), 7 mg/egg; docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), 84 mg/egg) for 3 weeks (777 mg of omega-3 PUFA/day). Postocclusive reactive hyperemia (PORH) in skin microcirculation assessed by laser Doppler flowmetry, serum lipid profile, fasting blood glucose, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), and arterial BP were measured in all subjects before and after the protocol. PORH was significantly enhanced, and triglycerides, hsCRP, and BP were significantly decreased in the OMEGA-3 group compared with baseline measurements, whereas there was no significant difference in the control group after the protocol when compared with baseline. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate that consumption of a mixture of omega-3 PUFA (ALA + EPA + DHA), provided via enriched hen eggs, elicits changes in the microvascular reactivity, BP, and triglyceride level in healthy subjects that are associated with CV benefits, thus suggesting that daily consumption of omega-3 PUFA-enriched eggs in healthy individuals may potentially contribute to CV risk factor attenuation and disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Stupin
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek HR-31000, Croatia
| | - Lidija Rasic
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek HR-31000, Croatia
| | - Anita Matic
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek HR-31000, Croatia
| | - Marko Stupin
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek HR-31000, Croatia
- Department for Cardiovascular Disease, Osijek University Hospital, Osijek HR-31000, Croatia
| | - Zlata Kralik
- Department for Special Zootechnics, Faculty of Agriculture, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek HR-31000, Croatia
| | - Gordana Kralik
- Department for Special Zootechnics, Faculty of Agriculture, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek HR-31000, Croatia
| | - Manuela Grcevic
- Department for Special Zootechnics, Faculty of Agriculture, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek HR-31000, Croatia
| | - Ines Drenjancevic
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek HR-31000, Croatia
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22
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Hecker M, Sommer N, Foch S, Hecker A, Hackstein H, Witzenrath M, Weissmann N, Seeger W, Mayer K. Resolvin E1 and its precursor 18R-HEPE restore mitochondrial function in inflammation. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2018; 1863:1016-1028. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2018.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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23
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Kouchaki E, Afarini M, Abolhassani J, Mirhosseini N, Bahmani F, Masoud SA, Asemi Z. High-dose ω-3 Fatty Acid Plus Vitamin D3 Supplementation Affects Clinical Symptoms and Metabolic Status of Patients with Multiple Sclerosis: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial. J Nutr 2018; 148:1380-1386. [PMID: 29982544 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxy116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Combined omega-3 fatty acid and vitamin D supplementation may improve multiple sclerosis (MS) by correcting metabolic abnormalities and attenuating oxidative stress and inflammation. Objective This study aimed to determine the effects of ω-3 fatty acid and vitamin D cosupplementation on the disability score and metabolic status of patients with MS. Methods This was a randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial with Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score and inflammation as primary outcomes and oxidative stress biomarkers and metabolic profile as secondary outcomes. Patients, aged 18-55 y, were matched for disease EDSS scores, gender, medications, BMI, and age (n = 53) and randomly received a combined 2 × 1000 mg/d ω-3 fatty acid and 50,000 IU/biweekly cholecalciferol supplement or placebo for 12 wk. The placebos were matched in colour, shape, size, packaging, smell, and taste with supplements. Fasting blood samples were collected at baseline and end of intervention to measure different outcomes. Multiple linear regression models were used to assess treatment effects on outcomes adjusting for confounding variables. Results Patients taking ω-3 fatty acid plus vitamin D supplements showed a significant improvement in EDSS (β -0.18; 95% CI: -0.33, -0.04; P = 0.01), compared with placebo. Serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (β -1.70 mg/L; 95% CI: -2.49, -0.90 mg/L; P < 0.001), plasma total antioxidant capacity (β +55.4 mmol/L; 95% CI: 9.2, 101.6 mmol/L; P = 0.02), total glutathione (β +51.14 µmol/L; 95% CI: 14.42, 87.87 µmol/L; P = 0.007), and malondialdehyde concentrations (β -0.86 µmol/L; 95% CI: -1.10, -0.63 µmol/L; P < 0.001) were significantly improved in the supplemented group compared with the placebo group. In addition, ω-3 fatty acid and vitamin D cosupplementation resulted in a significant reduction in serum insulin, insulin resistance, and total/HDL-cholesterol, and a significant increase in insulin sensitivity and serum HDL-cholesterol concentrations. Conclusion Overall, taking ω-3 fatty acid and vitamin D supplements for 12 wk by patients with MS had beneficial effects on EDSS and metabolic status. This trial was registered at the Iranian website (www.irct.ir) for registration of clinical trials as IRCT2017090133941N20.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebrahim Kouchaki
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine.,Physiology Research Center; and
| | | | | | | | - Fereshteh Bahmani
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, I.R. Iran
| | | | - Zatollah Asemi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, I.R. Iran
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Effects of 4-Week Intervention with Ulmus macrocarpa Hance Extract on Immune Function Biomarkers in Healthy Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 2018:5690816. [PMID: 29681977 PMCID: PMC5845525 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5690816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Ulmus macrocarpa extract has been shown to have immune-related effects in animals, but no studies have yet been performed in humans. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted to determine the effect of short-term administration of Ulmus macrocarpa Hance extract (UME) on immune function biomarkers and its safety in human subjects. Fifty-eight subjects were randomly assigned to a UME group or a placebo group. Subjects in the UME group were given 500 mg per day of UME orally for 4 weeks. Mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of tumor necrotic factor-α increased only in the UME group at 1 week (P = 0.027). The MFI of interleukin-2 decreased less significantly in the UME group than in the placebo group at 1 week (P = 0.028). However, unfortunately, at 4 weeks, no intergroup differences were detected in MFIs of cytokine. In conclusion, administration of UME for 1 week increased serum TNF-α and sustains IL-2 in human, which suggests that UME increases Th1-related immune function in the short term in healthy people. However, additional studies are needed to confirm the results of this first-stage study and further trials are required to decide on optimal dosage and duration of administration. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02414412.
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25
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Inflammatory markers in dependence on the plasma concentration of 37 fatty acids after the coronary stent implantation. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 149:96-105. [PMID: 29107850 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Using the regression model building the relationships between the concentration of 37 fatty acids of blood plasma phospholipids of 41 patients with coronary artery disease after coronary stent implantation, the inflammatory response and oxidative stress markers were estimated. The dynamics of the inflammatory response and the oxidative stress was indicated by measuring plasma concentrations of highly sensitive C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, serum amyloid A and malondialdehyde before, 24h after stent implantation. The multiple linear regression analysis was preceded by an exploratory data analysis, principal component analysis, factor analysis and cluster analysis, which proved a hidden internal relation of 37 fatty acids. The concentration of cerotic acid (C26:0) has been positively associated with an increase of malondialdehyde concentration after stent implantation, while the concentrations of tetracosatetraenoic (C24:4 N6) and nonadecanoic (C19:0) acids were associated with decrease of lipoperoxidation. The increase of interleukin-6 during the 24h after implantation was associated with higher levels of pentadecanoic acid (C15:0) and lower levels of α-linolenic acid (C18:3 N3). Regression models found several significant fatty acids at which the strength of the parameter β for each fatty acid on selected markers of C-reactive protein, malondialdehyde, interleukin-6 and serum amyloid A was estimated. Parameter β testifies to the power of the positive or negative relationship of the fatty acid concentration on the concentration of selected markers. The influencing effect of the cerotic acid (C26:0) concentration in plasma phospholipids exhibiting parameter β=140.4 is, for example, 3.5 times higher than this effect of n-3 tetracosapentaenoic acid (C24:5 N3) with β=40.0. Composition of fatty acids in plasma phospholipids shows spectrum of fatty acids available for intercellular communication in systemic inflammatory response of organism and should affect clinical outcomes.
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Update on the Impact of Omega 3 Fatty Acids on Inflammation, Insulin Resistance and Sarcopenia: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19010218. [PMID: 29324650 PMCID: PMC5796167 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19010218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Elderly and patients affected by chronic diseases face a high risk of muscle loss and impaired physical function. Omega 3 fatty acids (FA) attenuate inflammation and age-associated muscle loss, prevent systemic insulin resistance and improve plasma lipids, potentially impacting on sarcopenia. This paper aims to review recent randomized clinical studies assessing the effects a chronic omega 3 FA supplementation on inflammatory and metabolic profile during conditions characterized by sarcopenia (aging, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, chronic renal failure). A comprehensive search of three online databases was performed to identify eligible trials published between 2012 and 2017. A total of 36 studies met inclusion criteria. Omega 3 FA yielded mixed results on plasma triglycerides in the elderly and no effects in renal patients. No changes in systemic insulin resistance were observed. Inflammation markers did not benefit from omega 3 FA in insulin resistant and in renal subjects while decreasing in obese and elderly. Muscle related parameters improved in elderly and in renal patients. In conclusion, in aging- and in chronic disease-associated sarcopenia omega 3 FA are promising independently of associated anabolic stimuli or of anti-inflammatory effects. The evidence for improved glucose metabolism in insulin resistant and in chronic inflammatory states is less solid.
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Bradbury J, Myers SP, Meyer B, Brooks L, Peake J, Sinclair AJ, Stough C. Chronic Psychological Stress Was Not Ameliorated by Omega-3 Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA). Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:551. [PMID: 29163147 PMCID: PMC5671493 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Chronic psychological stress and mental health disorders are endemic in Western culture where population dietary insufficiencies of omega-3 fatty acids (n-3FA) from seafood have been observed. Objective: This study was designed to test for a causal relationship between one of the most active components of fish oil, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and chronic psychological stress. Method: A randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial with parallel-assignment to two groups was designed (Trial Id: ACTRN12610000404022). The interventions were four EPA-rich fish oil capsules per day, delivering 2.2 g/d EPA (and 0.44 g/d DHA), or identical placebo (low-phenolic olive oil capsules with 5% fish oil to aid blinding). The primary outcome was the between-group difference on the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) after 12 weeks supplementation. An a priori power analysis determined that group sizes of 43 would provide 80% power to detect a significant between-group difference of 12.5%, at α = 0.05. Ninety community members (64 females, 26 males) reporting chronic work stress were recruited via public advertising in northern NSW, Australia. Results: At baseline the omega-3 index (EPA + DHA as % to total fatty acids in red blood cell membranes) was 5.2% in both groups (SD = 1.6% control group; 1.8% active group). After supplementation this remained stable at 5.3% (SD = 1.6%) for the control group but increased to 8.9% (SD = 1.5%) for the active group, demonstrating successful incorporation of EPA into cells. Intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis found no significant between-group differences in PSS outcome scores post-intervention (b = 1.21, p = 0.30) after adjusting for sex (b = 2.36, p = 0.079), baseline PSS (b = 0.42, p = 0.001) and baseline logEPA [b = 1.41, p = 0.185; F(3, 86) = 8.47, p < 0.01, n = 89, R-square = 0.243]. Discussion: Treatment increased cell membrane EPA but, contrary to the hypothesis, there was no effect on perceived stress. Limitations included an imbalance of gender in groups after randomization (68% of the males were in the placebo group). While we found no significant interaction between sex and group on the outcome after adjusting for baseline PSS, larger studies with groups stratified for gender may be required to further confirm these findings. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that 2. 2 g/day of EPA for 12 weeks did not reduce chronic psychological stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne Bradbury
- School of Health and Human Sciences, Southern Cross University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Stephen P. Myers
- NatMed-Research, Division of Research, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW, Australia
| | - Barbara Meyer
- Faculty of Science Medicine and Health, Lipid Research Centre, School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Lyndon Brooks
- Division of Research, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW, Australia
| | - Jonathan Peake
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Andrew J. Sinclair
- Faculty of Health, Office of Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Con Stough
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Holt PR, Alemán JO, Walker JM, Jiang CS, Liang Y, de Rosa JC, Giri DD, Iyengar NM, Milne GL, Hudis CA, Breslow JL. Docosahexaenoic Acid Supplementation is Not Anti-Inflammatory in Adipose Tissue of Healthy Obese Postmenopausal Women. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 1:31-49. [PMID: 29683134 DOI: 10.14302/issn.2379-7835.ijn-17-1636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Adipose tissue inflammation is associated with obesity comorbidities. Reducing such inflammation may ameliorate these comorbidities. n-3 fatty acids have been reported to have anti-inflammatory properties in obesity, which may modulate this inflammatory state. In the current study a 1 gram per day oral supplement of the n-3 fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) was administered for 12 weeks to 10 grade 1-2 obese postmenopausal women and markers of adipose tissue and systemic inflammation measured and compared before and after supplementation. DHA administration resulted in approximately a doubling of plasma and red cell phospholipid and adipose tissue DHA content but no change in systemic markers of inflammation, such as circulating C-reactive protein (CRP) or interleukins (IL) 6, 8 and 10 (IL-6, IL-8, IL-10). DHA supplementation did not alter the adipose tissue marker of inflammation crown-like structure density nor did it affect any gene expression pathways, including anti-inflammatory, hypoxic and lipid metabolism pathways. The obese postmenopausal women studied were otherwise healthy, which leads us to suggest that in such women DHA supplementation is not an effective means for reducing adipose tissue or systemic inflammation. Further testing is warranted to determine if n-3 fatty acids may ameliorate inflammation in other, perhaps less healthy, populations of obese individuals.
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Omega-3 Supplementation and the Neural Correlates of Negative Affect and Impulsivity: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial in Midlife Adults. Psychosom Med 2017; 79:549-556. [PMID: 28121722 PMCID: PMC5453831 DOI: 10.1097/psy.0000000000000453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In clinical trials, omega-3 fatty acid supplementation improves symptoms in psychiatric disorders involving dysregulated mood and impulse control, yet it is unclear whether in healthy adults, omega-3 fatty acid supplementation affects mood, impulse control, and the brain systems supporting these processes. Accordingly, this study tested the hypotheses that eciosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acid supplementation reduces negative affect and impulsive behaviors in healthy adults and that these changes correspond to alterations in corticolimbic and corticostriatal brain systems, which support affective and impulsive processes. METHODS Healthy volunteers (N = 272) consuming 300 mg/d or less of EPA and DHA were enrolled in a double-blind, randomized, placebo controlled clinical trial. The participants received either capsules providing 1000 mg of EPA and 400 mg of DHA versus identical appearing soybean oil capsules per day for 18 weeks. Negative affect and impulsivity were measured by questionnaire and ecological momentary assessment, as well as functional alterations in corticolimbic and corticostriatal brain systems evoked by standardized functional magnetic resonance imaging tasks. RESULTS There were no group by time interactions for any questionnaire or ecological momentary assessment measures of mood and impulsivity. Likewise, no group by time interactions were observed for functional magnetic resonance imaging responses evoked within corticolimbic and corticostriatal systems. CONCLUSIONS In healthy adults with low intake of omega-3 fatty acids, moderate-dose supplementation for 18 weeks did not alter affect or impulsive behaviors nor alter corticolimbic and corticostriatal brain functionality. TRIAL REGISTRATION Trial number NCT00663871.
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30
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Marsland AL, Kuan DCH, Sheu LK, Krajina K, Kraynak TE, Manuck SB, Gianaros PJ. Systemic inflammation and resting state connectivity of the default mode network. Brain Behav Immun 2017; 62:162-170. [PMID: 28126500 PMCID: PMC5402695 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2017.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The default mode network (DMN) encompasses brain systems that exhibit coherent neural activity at rest. DMN brain systems have been implicated in diverse social, cognitive, and affective processes, as well as risk for forms of dementia and psychiatric disorders that associate with systemic inflammation. Areas of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and surrounding medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) within the DMN have been implicated specifically in regulating autonomic and neuroendocrine processes that relate to systemic inflammation via bidirectional signaling mechanisms. However, it is still unclear whether indicators of inflammation relate directly to coherent resting state activity of the ACC, mPFC, or other areas within the DMN. Accordingly, we tested whether plasma interleukin (IL)-6, an indicator of systemic inflammation, covaried with resting-state functional connectivity of the DMN among 98 adults aged 30-54 (39% male; 81% Caucasian). Independent component analyses were applied to resting state fMRI data to generate DMN connectivity maps. Voxel-wise regression analyses were then used to test for associations between IL-6 and DMN connectivity across individuals, controlling for age, sex, body mass index, and fMRI signal motion. Within the DMN, IL-6 covaried positively with connectivity of the sub-genual ACC and negatively with a region of the dorsal medial PFC at corrected statistical thresholds. These novel findings offer evidence for a unique association between a marker of systemic inflammation (IL-6) and ACC and mPFC functional connectivity within the DMN, a network that may be important for linking aspects of immune function to psychological and behavioral states in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna L. Marsland
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260
| | - Dora C-H. Kuan
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260
| | - Lei K. Sheu
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260
| | - Katarina Krajina
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260
| | - Thomas E. Kraynak
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260,Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh and Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
| | - Stephen B. Manuck
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260
| | - Peter J. Gianaros
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260,Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh and Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
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31
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Taghizadeh M, Tamtaji OR, Dadgostar E, Daneshvar Kakhaki R, Bahmani F, Abolhassani J, Aarabi MH, Kouchaki E, Memarzadeh MR, Asemi Z. The effects of omega-3 fatty acids and vitamin E co-supplementation on clinical and metabolic status in patients with Parkinson's disease: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Neurochem Int 2017; 108:183-189. [PMID: 28342967 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2017.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The current research was performed to evaluate the effects of omega-3 fatty acids and vitamin E co-supplementation on clinical signs and metabolic status in people with Parkinson's disease (PD). This randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted in 60 patients with PD. Participants were randomly assigned into two groups to receive either 1000 mg omega-3 fatty acids from flaxseed oil plus 400 IU vitamin E supplements (n = 30) or placebo (n = 30) for 12 weeks. Unified Parkinson's disease rating stage (UPDRS) were recorded at baseline and the after 3-month intervention. After 12 weeks' intervention, compared with the placebo, omega-3 fatty acids and vitamin E co-supplementation led to a significant improve in UPDRS (-3.3 ± 10.0 vs. +4.4 ± 14.9, P = 0.02). Furthermore, co-supplementation decreased high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) (-0.3 ± 0.6 vs. +0.3 ± 0.3 μg/mL, P < 0.001), and increased total antioxidant capacity (TAC) (+65.2 ± 68.7 vs. +16 ± 52.4 μmol/L, P = 0.003) and glutathione (GSH) concentrations (+41.4 ± 80.6 vs. -19.6 ± 55.9 μmol/L, P = 0.001) compared with the placebo. Additionally, co-supplementation meaningfully decreased insulin (-2.1 ± 4.9 vs. +1.4 ± 6.2 μIU/mL, P = 0.01), homeostasis model of assessment-estimated insulin resistance (-0.7 ± 1.8 vs.+0.3 ± 1.6, P = 0.02) and Beta cell function (-5.9 ± 13.9 vs. +5.7 ± 25.5, P = 0.03), and increased quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (+0.009 ± 0.02 vs. -0.006 ± 0.03, P = 0.03) compared with the placebo. Overall, our study demonstrated that omega-3 fatty acids and vitamin E co-supplementation in people with PD had favorable effects on UPDRS, hs-CRP, TAC, GSH and markers of insulin metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Taghizadeh
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Omid Reza Tamtaji
- Physiology Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Ehsan Dadgostar
- Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Reza Daneshvar Kakhaki
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Fereshteh Bahmani
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Javad Abolhassani
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Aarabi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Ebrahim Kouchaki
- Physiology Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Islamic Republic of Iran; Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | | | - Zatollah Asemi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Islamic Republic of Iran.
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Guijas C, Meana C, Astudillo AM, Balboa MA, Balsinde J. Foamy Monocytes Are Enriched in cis-7-Hexadecenoic Fatty Acid (16:1n-9), a Possible Biomarker for Early Detection of Cardiovascular Disease. Cell Chem Biol 2016; 23:689-99. [PMID: 27265749 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2016.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Revised: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Human monocytes respond to arachidonic acid, a secretory product of endothelial cells, by activating the de novo pathway of fatty acid biosynthesis, resulting in the acquisition of a foamy phenotype due to accumulation of cytoplasmic lipid droplets. Recruitment of foamy monocytes to endothelium is a key step in the formation of atherosclerotic plaques. Here we describe that lipid droplets of foamy monocytes are enriched in a rather uncommon fatty acid, cis-7-hexadecenoic acid (16:1n-9), a positional isomer of palmitoleic acid. 16:1n-9 was found to possess an anti-inflammatory activity both in vitro and in vivo that is comparable with that of omega-3 fatty acids and clearly distinguishable from the effects of palmitoleic acid. Selective accumulation in neutral lipids of phagocytic cells of an uncommon fatty acid reveals an early phenotypic change that may provide a biomarker of proatherogenicity, and a potential target for intervention in the early stages of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Guijas
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad de Valladolid, Calle Sanz y Forés 3, 47003 Valladolid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Clara Meana
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad de Valladolid, Calle Sanz y Forés 3, 47003 Valladolid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alma M Astudillo
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad de Valladolid, Calle Sanz y Forés 3, 47003 Valladolid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - María A Balboa
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad de Valladolid, Calle Sanz y Forés 3, 47003 Valladolid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Balsinde
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad de Valladolid, Calle Sanz y Forés 3, 47003 Valladolid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
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Insulin-Sensitizing Effects of Omega-3 Fatty Acids: Lost in Translation? Nutrients 2016; 8:nu8060329. [PMID: 27258299 PMCID: PMC4924170 DOI: 10.3390/nu8060329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Revised: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) of marine origin, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), have been long studied for their therapeutic potential in the context of type 2 diabetes, insulin resistance, and glucose homeostasis. Glaring discordance between observations in animal and human studies precludes, to date, any practical application of n-3 PUFA as nutritional therapeutics against insulin resistance in humans. Our objective in this review is to summarize current knowledge and provide an up-to-date commentary on the therapeutic value of EPA and DHA supplementation for improving insulin sensitivity in humans. We also sought to discuss potential mechanisms of n-3 PUFA action in target tissues, in specific skeletal muscle, based on our recent work, as well as in liver and adipose tissue. We conducted a literature search to include all preclinical and clinical studies performed within the last two years and to comment on representative studies published earlier. Recent studies support a growing consensus that there are beneficial effects of n-3 PUFA on insulin sensitivity in rodents. Observational studies in humans are encouraging, however, the vast majority of human intervention studies fail to demonstrate the benefit of n-3 PUFA in type 2 diabetes or insulin-resistant non-diabetic people. Nevertheless, there are still several unanswered questions regarding the potential impact of n-3 PUFA on metabolic function in humans.
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