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Kumar S, Larson RA, Stecklein S, Reddy J, Debeb BG, Amos RA, Cologna SM, Woodward WA. In Vivo Simvastatin and Brain Radiation in a Model of HER2 + Inflammatory Breast Cancer Brain Metastasis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.25.595905. [PMID: 38854130 PMCID: PMC11160634 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.25.595905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Purpose Inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase with simvastatin prevents breast cancer metastases in preclinical models and radiosensitizes monolayer and stem-like IBC cell lines in vitro . Given the extensive use of simvastatin worldwide and its expected penetration into the brain, we examined whether regulating cholesterol with simvastatin affected IBC3 HER2+ brain metastases. Methods and Materials Breast cancer cell lines KPL4 and MDA-IBC3 were examined in vitro for DNA repair after radiation with or without statin treatment. Brain metastasis endpoints were examined in the MDA-IBC3 brain metastasis model after ex vivo exposure to lipoproteins and after tail vein injections with and without whole-brain radiotherapy (WBR) and oral statin exposure. Results Ex vivo preculture of MDA-IBC3 cells with very low-density lipoprotein (vLDL) enhanced the growth of colonized lesions in the brain in vivo compared with control or high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and concurrent oral simvastatin/ WBR reduced the incidence of micrometastatic lesions evaluated 10 days after WBR. However, statin, with or without WBR, did not reduce the incidence, burden, or number of macrometastatic brain lesions evaluated 5 weeks after WBR. Conclusions Although a role for cholesterol biosynthesis is demonstrated in DNA repair and response to whole brain radiation in this model, durable in vivo efficacy of concurrent whole brain irradiation and oral statin was not demonstrated.
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Jafari E, Abuloha S, Alshehri A, Eljilany I, Aroza R, Guo J, Shao H. Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Use of Angiotensin II Receptor Type 2/4 Stimulatory Vs. Inhibitory Antihypertensive Among Hypertensive Adults in the USA. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2024:10.1007/s40615-024-01970-w. [PMID: 38498117 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-024-01970-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Studies showed angiotensin II type 2 receptor/angiotensin II type 4 receptor (AT2R/AT4R) stimulatory antihypertensive was associated with a lower risk of dementia and cognitive impairment compared to the inhibitory one. This study aimed to identify the racial and ethnic differences in using these agents among the USA adults with hypertension. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted using data from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS, 2016-2019). Individuals with a diagnosis of hypertension or self-reported hypertension and without dementia or Alzheimer's disease diagnosis were included in the analysis. We applied two multivariable logistic regressions to compare racial/ethnic differences in AT2R/AT4R stimulatory antihypertensive use and AT2R/AT4R inhibitory antihypertensive use, adjusting for covariates. RESULTS Twenty-four thousand five hundred eighty-one individuals with hypertension and without dementia or Alzheimer's disease were identified. Among non-Hispanic Whites, 72.39% were using AT2R/AT4R inhibitory antihypertensive agents, vs. 66.97% using AT2R/AT4R stimulatory antihypertensive agents. In contrast, both non-Hispanic Black and Asian Americans were using more AT2R/AT4R stimulatory agents than inhibitory ones (16.40% vs. 12.16% and 4.79% vs. 3.43%, respectively). Compared to non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Black (OR 1.980, 95% CI 1.839-2.132) and non-Hispanic Asian Americans (OR 1.545, 95% CI 1.356-1.761) were significantly associated with higher odds of prescribing AT2R/AT4R stimulatory agents, while Hispanics (OR 0.744, 95% CI 0.685-0.808) were associated with lower odds of prescribing AT2R/AT4R inhibitory agents compared to non-Hispanic Whites. CONCLUSIONS The results showed that the high-dementia risk populations like non-Hispanic Black and Asian American races are proportionally prescribed with higher use of low-dementia risk antihypertensive agents, compared to non-Hispanic Whites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eissa Jafari
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Sumaya Abuloha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Alaa Alshehri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Islam Eljilany
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Cutaneous Oncology and Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Rupal Aroza
- Department of Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Jingchuan Guo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Safety (CoDES), University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Hui Shao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Emory Global Diabetes Research Center of Woodruff Health Sciences Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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Ren QW, Katherine Teng TH, Tse YK, Wei Tsang CT, Yu SY, Wu MZ, Li XL, Hung D, Tse HF, Lam CS, Yiu KH. Statins and risks of dementia among patients with heart failure: a population-based retrospective cohort study in Hong Kong. THE LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH. WESTERN PACIFIC 2024; 44:101006. [PMID: 38298909 PMCID: PMC10827582 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanwpc.2023.101006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Background Heart failure (HF) and dementia frequently co-exist with shared pathological mechanisms and risk factors. Our study aims to investigate the association between statin therapy and the risks of dementia and its subtypes among patients with HF. Methods The Hong Kong Clinical Data Analysis and Reporting System database was interrogated to identify patients with incident HF diagnosis from 2004 to 2018, using ICD 9/ICD 10 codes. Inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) was used to balance baseline covariates between statin users (N = 54,004) and non-users (N = 50,291). The primary outcomes were incident all-cause dementia, including subtypes of Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, and unspecified dementia. Cox proportional-hazard model with competing risk regression was performed to estimate the sub-distribution hazards ratio (SHR) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) of the risks of all-cause dementia and its subtypes that are associated with statin use. Findings Of all eligible patients with HF (N = 104,295), the mean age was 74.2 ± 13.6 years old and 52,511 (50.3%) were male. Over a median follow-up of 9.9 years (interquartile range [IQR]: 6.4-13.0), 10,031 (9.6%) patients were diagnosed with dementia, among which Alzheimer's disease (N = 2250), vascular dementia (N = 1831), and unspecified dementia (N = 5950) were quantified separately. After IPTW, statin use was associated with a 20% lower risk of incident dementia compared with non-use (multivariable-adjusted SHR 0.80, 95% CI 0.76-0.84). Stratified by subtypes of dementia, statin use was associated with a 28% lower risk of Alzheimer's disease (SHR 0.72, 95% CI 0.63-0.82), 18% lower risk of vascular dementia (SHR 0.82, 95% CI 0.70-0.95), and a 20% lower risk of unspecified dementia (SHR 0.80, 95% CI 0.75-0.85). Interpretation In patients with HF, statin use was associated with a significantly lower risk of all-cause dementia and its subtypes, including Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, and unspecified dementia. Both randomized trials and experimental studies to validate the potential neuroprotective effect of statin are warranted. Funding No funding was provided for this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-wen Ren
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong Shen Zhen Hospital, Shen Zhen, China
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tiew-Hwa Katherine Teng
- National Heart Center Singapore, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
- School of Allied Health, University of Western Australia, Australia
| | - Yi-Kei Tse
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Christopher Tze Wei Tsang
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Si-Yeung Yu
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Mei-Zhen Wu
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong Shen Zhen Hospital, Shen Zhen, China
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xin-li Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Denise Hung
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hung-Fat Tse
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong Shen Zhen Hospital, Shen Zhen, China
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Carolyn S.P. Lam
- National Heart Center Singapore, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Kai-Hang Yiu
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong Shen Zhen Hospital, Shen Zhen, China
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Petek B, Häbel H, Xu H, Villa-Lopez M, Kalar I, Hoang MT, Maioli S, Pereira JB, Mostafaei S, Winblad B, Gregoric Kramberger M, Eriksdotter M, Garcia-Ptacek S. Statins and cognitive decline in patients with Alzheimer's and mixed dementia: a longitudinal registry-based cohort study. Alzheimers Res Ther 2023; 15:220. [PMID: 38115091 PMCID: PMC10731754 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-023-01360-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disturbances in brain cholesterol homeostasis may be involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Lipid-lowering medications could interfere with neurodegenerative processes in AD through cholesterol metabolism or other mechanisms. OBJECTIVE To explore the association between the use of lipid-lowering medications and cognitive decline over time in a cohort of patients with AD or mixed dementia with indication for lipid-lowering treatment. METHODS A longitudinal cohort study using the Swedish Registry for Cognitive/Dementia Disorders, linked with other Swedish national registries. Cognitive trajectories evaluated with mini-mental state examination (MMSE) were compared between statin users and non-users, individual statin users, groups of statins and non-statin lipid-lowering medications using mixed-effect regression models with inverse probability of drop out weighting. A dose-response analysis included statin users compared to non-users. RESULTS Our cohort consisted of 15,586 patients with mean age of 79.5 years at diagnosis and a majority of women (59.2 %). A dose-response effect was demonstrated: taking one defined daily dose of statins on average was associated with 0.63 more MMSE points after 3 years compared to no use of statins (95% CI: 0.33;0.94). Simvastatin users showed 1.01 more MMSE points (95% CI: 0.06;1.97) after 3 years compared to atorvastatin users. Younger (< 79.5 years at index date) simvastatin users had 0.80 more MMSE points compared to younger atorvastatin users (95% CI: 0.05;1.55) after 3 years. Simvastatin users had 1.03 more MMSE points (95% CI: 0.26;1.80) compared to rosuvastatin users after 3 years. No differences regarding statin lipophilicity were observed. The results of sensitivity analysis restricted to incident users were not consistent. CONCLUSIONS Some patients with AD or mixed dementia with indication for lipid-lowering medication may benefit cognitively from statin treatment; however, further research is needed to clarify the findings of sensitivity analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bojana Petek
- Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Clinical Institute of Genomic Medicine, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Henrike Häbel
- Medical Statistics Unit, Department of Learning, Informatics, Management and Ethics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hong Xu
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marta Villa-Lopez
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Faculty of Medicine, University Complutense of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Neurology, University of Alberta Hospital, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Irena Kalar
- Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Minh Tuan Hoang
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Silvia Maioli
- Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Joana B Pereira
- Division of Neuro, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Shayan Mostafaei
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bengt Winblad
- Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Aging and Inflammation Theme, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Milica Gregoric Kramberger
- Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Maria Eriksdotter
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Aging and Inflammation Theme, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sara Garcia-Ptacek
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Aging and Inflammation Theme, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Fan D, Tang H, Yang X, Zhao F, Han S. Improving statins production: From non-genetic strategies to genetic strategies. Biotechnol J 2023; 18:e2300229. [PMID: 37563745 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202300229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Statins are lipid-lowering drugs that selectively inhibit 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase, effectively reducing cholesterol synthesis. With improved nutritional conditions, the demand for statins is increasing in the global market. The use of microbial cell factories for statin biosynthesis has become advantageous due to the rapid advancements in biotechnology. These approaches offer simple operation and easy separation of products. This review provides an overview the strategies for statins production via microbial cell factories, including both traditional fermentation culture (non-genetic) and modern synthetic biology manufacture (genetic). Firstly, the complex fermentation parameters and process control technology on submerged fermentation (SmF) and solid-state fermentation (SSF) are introduced in detail. The potential use of recoverable agricultural wastes/(biomass) as a fermentation substrate in SSF for statin production is emphasized. Additionally, metabolic engineering strategies for constructing robust engineering strains and directed evolution are also discussed. The review highlights the potential and challenges of using microbial cell factories for statin production, and aims to promote greener production modes for statins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dexun Fan
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huayang Tang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaorong Yang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fengguang Zhao
- School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuangyan Han
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
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Hettiarachchi SD, Kwon YM, Omidi Y, Speth RC. Nanoparticle approaches for the renin-angiotensin system. Heliyon 2023; 9:e16951. [PMID: 37484281 PMCID: PMC10361043 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is a hormonal cascade that contributes to several disorders: systemic hypertension, heart failure, kidney disease, and neurodegenerative disease. Activation of the RAS can promote inflammation and fibrosis. Drugs that target the RAS can be classified into 3 categories, AT1 angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, and renin inhibitors. The therapeutic efficacy of current RAS-inhibiting drugs is limited by poor penetration across the blood-brain barrier, low bioavailability, and to some extent, short half-lives. Nanoparticle-mediated drug delivery systems (DDSs) are possible emerging alternatives to overcome such limitations. Nanoparticles are ideally 1-100 nm in size and are considered efficient DDSs mainly due to their unique characteristics, including water dispersity, prolonged half-life in blood circulation, smaller size, and biocompatibility. Nano-scale DDSs can reduce the drug dosage frequency and acute toxicity of drugs while enhancing therapeutic success. Different types of nanoparticles, such as chitosan, polymeric, and nanofibers, have been examined in RAS-related studies, especially in hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and COVID-19. In this review article, we summarize the physical and chemical characteristics of each nanoparticle to elaborate on their potential use in RAS-related nano-drug delivery research and clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajini D. Hettiarachchi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Barry and Judy College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, 3200 S University Dr, Davie, FL, 33328 USA
| | - Young M. Kwon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Barry and Judy College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, 3200 S University Dr, Davie, FL, 33328 USA
| | - Yadollah Omidi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Barry and Judy College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, 3200 S University Dr, Davie, FL, 33328 USA
| | - Robert C. Speth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Barry and Judy College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, 3200 S University Dr, Davie, FL, 33328 USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine Georgetown University, 3900 Reservoir Rd. NW, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
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Rivas-Domínguez A, Mohamed-Mohamed H, Jimenez-Palomares M, García-Morales V, Martinez-Lopez L, Orta ML, Ramos-Rodriguez JJ, Bermudez-Pulgarin B. Metabolic Disturbance of High-Saturated Fatty Acid Diet in Cognitive Preservation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098042. [PMID: 37175748 PMCID: PMC10178694 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging continues to be the main cause of the development of Alzheimer's, although it has been described that certain chronic inflammatory pathologies can negatively influence the progress of dementia, including obesity and hyperlipidemia. In this sense, previous studies have shown a relationship between low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) and the amyloid-beta (Aβ) binding activity, one of the main neuropathological features of Alzheimer's disease (AD). LDLR is involved in several processes, including lipid transport, regulation of inflammatory response and lipid metabolism. From this perspective, LDLR-/- mice are a widely accepted animal model for the study of pathologies associated with alterations in lipid metabolism, such as familial hypercholesterolemia, cardiovascular diseases, metabolic syndrome, or early cognitive decline. In this context, we induced hyperlipidemia in LDLR-/- mice after feeding with a high-saturated fatty acid diet (HFD) for 44 weeks. LDLR-/--HFD mice exhibited obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, higher glucose levels, and early hepatic steatosis. In addition, HFD increased plasmatic APOE and ubiquitin 60S levels. These proteins are related to neuronal integrity and health maintenance. In agreement, we detected mild cognitive dysfunctions in mice fed with HFD, whereas LDLR-/--HFD mice showed a more severe and evident affectation. Our data suggest central nervous system dysfunction is associated with a well-established metabolic syndrome. As a late consequence, metabolic syndrome boots many behavioral and pathological alterations recognized in dementia, supporting that the control of metabolic parameters could improve cognitive preservation and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Himan Mohamed-Mohamed
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences (Ceuta), University of Granada, 51001 Ceuta, Spain
| | | | - Victoria García-Morales
- Department of Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health, University of Cádiz, 11003 Cádiz, Spain
| | | | - Manuel Luis Orta
- Department of Cellular Biology, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain
| | - Juan José Ramos-Rodriguez
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences (Ceuta), University of Granada, 51001 Ceuta, Spain
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Rothlin RP, Pelorosso FG, Duarte M, Nicolosi L, Ignacio FC, Salgado MV, Vetulli H. Telmisartan and losartan: The marked differences between their chemical and pharmacological properties may explain the difference in therapeutic efficacy in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2023; 11:e01083. [PMID: 37038324 PMCID: PMC10086312 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.1083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rodolfo Pedro Rothlin
- Sociedad Argentina de Farmacología Clínica, Asociación Médica Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Facundo Germán Pelorosso
- Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital de Alta Complejidad El Calafate SAMIC, Santa Cruz, Argentina
| | - Mariano Duarte
- Laboratorio de Hipertensión, División de Cardiología, Hospital de Clínicas "José de San Martín", Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Segunda Cátedra de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Liliana Nicolosi
- División de Cardiología, Hospital Español de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fernandez Criado Ignacio
- Sección de Tecnología Educativa e Informática Médica, Hospital de Clínicas "José de San Martín", Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Victoria Salgado
- Centro de Estudios de Estado y Sociedad, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Servicio de Medicina Familiar, Hospital de Alta Complejidad El Calafate SAMIC, Santa Cruz, Argentina
| | - Héctor Vetulli
- Servicio de Electrofisiología Cardíaca, Arritmias y Marcapasos, Sanatorio Otamendi y Miroli, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Punapart M, Reimets R, Seppa K, Kirillov S, Gaur N, Eskla KL, Jagomäe T, Vasar E, Plaas M. Chronic Stress Alters Hippocampal Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System Component Expression in an Aged Rat Model of Wolfram Syndrome. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14040827. [PMID: 37107585 PMCID: PMC10137641 DOI: 10.3390/genes14040827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Biallelic mutations in the gene encoding WFS1 underlie the development of Wolfram syndrome (WS), a rare neurodegenerative disorder with no available cure. We have previously shown that Wfs1 deficiency can impair the functioning of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). The expression of two key receptors, angiotensin II receptor type 2 (Agtr2) and bradykinin receptor B1 (Bdkrb1), was downregulated both in vitro and in vivo across multiple organs in a rat model of WS. Here, we show that the expression of key RAAS components is also dysregulated in neural tissue from aged WS rats and that these alterations are not normalized by pharmacological treatments (liraglutide (LIR), 7,8-dihydroxyflavone (7,8-DHF) or their combination). We found that the expression of angiotensin II receptor type 1a (Agtr1a), angiotensin II receptor type 1b (Agtr1b), Agtr2 and Bdkrb1 was significantly downregulated in the hippocampus of WS animals that experienced chronic experimental stress. Treatment-naïve WS rats displayed different gene expression patterns, underscoring the effect of prolonged experiment-induced stress. Altogether, we posit that Wfs1 deficiency disturbs RAAS functioning under chronic stressful conditions, thereby exacerbating neurodegeneration in WS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marite Punapart
- Laboratory Animal Centre, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, 14B Ravila Street, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Riin Reimets
- Laboratory Animal Centre, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, 14B Ravila Street, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Kadri Seppa
- Laboratory Animal Centre, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, 14B Ravila Street, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, 19 Ravila Street, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Silvia Kirillov
- Laboratory Animal Centre, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, 14B Ravila Street, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Nayana Gaur
- Laboratory Animal Centre, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, 14B Ravila Street, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Kattri-Liis Eskla
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, 19 Ravila Street, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Toomas Jagomäe
- Laboratory Animal Centre, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, 14B Ravila Street, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, 19 Ravila Street, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Eero Vasar
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, 19 Ravila Street, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Mario Plaas
- Laboratory Animal Centre, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, 14B Ravila Street, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, 19 Ravila Street, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
- Correspondence:
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10
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Yang J, Gao Y, Duan Q, Qiu Y, Feng S, Zhan C, Huang Y, Zhang Y, Ma G, Nie K, Wang L. Renin-angiotensin system blockers affect cognitive decline in Parkinson's disease: The PPMI dataset. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2022; 105:90-95. [PMID: 36395543 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2022.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the potential clinical effects of renin-angiotensin system blocker (RASB, angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs)) in patients from the Parkinson's Progress Marker Initiative (PPMI) study database. METHODS One hundred and seven untreated, newly diagnosed PD patients with hypertension, from the PPMI were included. We measured cognitive performance, biomarkers in CSF, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) during the five follow-up years for patients exposed or not to renal-angiotensin system blockers. Sixteen PD patients with hypertension underwent [18F]florbetaben positron emission tomography (PET) scanning. SUVRs of region of interest (ROI) were calculated and compared within different groups. RESULT Treatment with ARBs but not ACEIs improved global cognitive function evaluated by MoCA score in PD patients with hypertension compared to other hypertensive medicines up to 5 years follow up. Specifically, ARBs improved visuospatial, memory, executive abilities, processing speed attention test scores in PD. There was no significant impact of ARBs on α-syn, tau, Aβ in CSF. RASBs reduced [18F] florbetaben uptake in cortex and subcortex nuclei in the brain. CONCLUSIONS These results show potential protective effect with ARBs in cognitive impairment of parkinson's disease with hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Yang
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, No.1023, South Shatai Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510515, China; Department of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Neuroscience Institute, No.106, Zhongshan 2nd Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510080, China; Department of Neurology, Ganzhou People's Hospital, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Yuyuan Gao
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Neuroscience Institute, No.106, Zhongshan 2nd Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Qingrui Duan
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Neuroscience Institute, No.106, Zhongshan 2nd Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yihui Qiu
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Neuroscience Institute, No.106, Zhongshan 2nd Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Shujun Feng
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Neuroscience Institute, No.106, Zhongshan 2nd Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Cuijing Zhan
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, No.1023, South Shatai Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510515, China; Department of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Neuroscience Institute, No.106, Zhongshan 2nd Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yin Huang
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, No.1023, South Shatai Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510515, China; Department of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Neuroscience Institute, No.106, Zhongshan 2nd Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yuhu Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Neuroscience Institute, No.106, Zhongshan 2nd Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Guixian Ma
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Neuroscience Institute, No.106, Zhongshan 2nd Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Kun Nie
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Neuroscience Institute, No.106, Zhongshan 2nd Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
| | - Lijuan Wang
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, No.1023, South Shatai Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510515, China; Department of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Neuroscience Institute, No.106, Zhongshan 2nd Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
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Deng Z, Jiang J, Wang J, Pan D, Zhu Y, Li H, Zhang X, Liu X, Xu Y, Li Y, Tang Y. Angiotensin Receptor Blockers Are Associated With a Lower Risk of Progression From Mild Cognitive Impairment to Dementia. Hypertension 2022; 79:2159-2169. [PMID: 35766029 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.122.19378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies found that antihypertensive medications (AHMs) acting on the renin-angiotensin system had the potential to reduce the progression from mild cognitive impairment to dementia. However, it remains unclear whether this association differs between ACE (angiotensin-converting enzyme) inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers. METHODS We conducted a retrospective cohort study in the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative among 403 participants with hypertension and mild cognitive impairment at baseline. Information on AHMs received during the follow-up period, including angiotensin receptor blockers, ACE inhibitors, beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, and diuretics, were self-reported. Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for potential confounders were used in the time to event analysis with progression to dementia as outcome. RESULTS Of the 403 participants, the mean (SD) age was 74.0 (7.3) years, 152 (37.7%) were female, 158 (39.2%) progressed to dementia over a median follow-up time of 3.0 years. Angiotensin receptor blockers were associated with a lower risk of progression to dementia as compared to ACE inhibitors (adjusted hazard ratio=0.45 [95% CI, 0.25-0.81]; P=0.023), other classes of AHMs (beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, diuretics; adjusted hazard ratio, 0.49 [95% CI, 0.27-0.89]; P=0.037), and none of AHMs (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.31 [95% CI, 0.16-0.58]; P=0.001). CONCLUSIONS In patients with hypertension and mild cognitive impairment, angiotensin receptor blockers were associated with a lower risk of progression to dementia compared with ACE inhibitors and other classes of AHMs. Our findings may have important implications for clinical practice but still warrant further investigations in larger prospective cohorts or clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhong Deng
- Department of Neurology (Z.D., J.J., J.W., D.P., Y.Z., H.L., X.Z.,X.L., Y.X., Y.L., Y.T.), Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingru Jiang
- Department of Neurology (Z.D., J.J., J.W., D.P., Y.Z., H.L., X.Z.,X.L., Y.X., Y.L., Y.T.), Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia Wang
- Department of Neurology (Z.D., J.J., J.W., D.P., Y.Z., H.L., X.Z.,X.L., Y.X., Y.L., Y.T.), Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dong Pan
- Department of Neurology (Z.D., J.J., J.W., D.P., Y.Z., H.L., X.Z.,X.L., Y.X., Y.L., Y.T.), Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingying Zhu
- Department of Neurology (Z.D., J.J., J.W., D.P., Y.Z., H.L., X.Z.,X.L., Y.X., Y.L., Y.T.), Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Division of Clinical Research Design (Y.Z., Y.T.), Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Honghong Li
- Department of Neurology (Z.D., J.J., J.W., D.P., Y.Z., H.L., X.Z.,X.L., Y.X., Y.L., Y.T.), Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoni Zhang
- Department of Neurology (Z.D., J.J., J.W., D.P., Y.Z., H.L., X.Z.,X.L., Y.X., Y.L., Y.T.), Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohuan Liu
- Department of Neurology (Z.D., J.J., J.W., D.P., Y.Z., H.L., X.Z.,X.L., Y.X., Y.L., Y.T.), Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongteng Xu
- Department of Neurology (Z.D., J.J., J.W., D.P., Y.Z., H.L., X.Z.,X.L., Y.X., Y.L., Y.T.), Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Neurology (Z.D., J.J., J.W., D.P., Y.Z., H.L., X.Z.,X.L., Y.X., Y.L., Y.T.), Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Division of Clinical Research Design (Y.Z., Y.T.), Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation (Y.T.), Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yamei Tang
- Department of Neurology (Z.D., J.J., J.W., D.P., Y.Z., H.L., X.Z.,X.L., Y.X., Y.L., Y.T.), Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (Y.T.)
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Jamshidnejad-Tosaramandani T, Kashanian S, Al-Sabri MH, Kročianová D, Clemensson LE, Gentreau M, Schiöth HB. Statins and cognition: Modifying factors and possible underlying mechanisms. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:968039. [PMID: 36046494 PMCID: PMC9421063 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.968039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Statins are a class of widely prescribed drugs used to reduce low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and important to prevent cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Most statin users are older adults with CVD, who are also at high risk of cognitive decline. It has been suggested that statins can alter cognitive performance, although their positive or negative effects are still debated. With more than 200 million people on statin therapy worldwide, it is crucial to understand the reasons behind discrepancies in the results of these studies. Here, we review the effects of statins on cognitive function and their association with different etiologies of dementia, and particularly, Alzheimer’s disease (AD). First, we summarized the main individual and statin-related factors that could modify the cognitive effects of statins. Second, we proposed the underlying mechanisms for the protective and adverse effects of statins on cognitive performance. Finally, we discussed potential causes of discrepancies between studies and suggested approaches to improve future studies assessing the impact of statins on dementia risk and cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahereh Jamshidnejad-Tosaramandani
- Nanobiotechnology Department, Faculty of Innovative Science and Technology, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
- Department of Surgical Science, Functional Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Soheila Kashanian
- Nanobiotechnology Department, Faculty of Innovative Science and Technology, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
- Faculty of Chemistry, Sensor and Biosensor Research Center (SBRC), Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mohamed H. Al-Sabri
- Department of Surgical Science, Functional Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Daniela Kročianová
- Department of Surgical Science, Functional Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Laura E. Clemensson
- Department of Surgical Science, Functional Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mélissa Gentreau
- Department of Surgical Science, Functional Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Helgi B. Schiöth
- Department of Surgical Science, Functional Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- *Correspondence: Helgi B. Schiöth,
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13
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Yeh JJ, Lai M, Lin CL, Lu KH, Kao CH. Effects of statins on the risks of ischemic stroke and heart disease in human immunodeficiency virus infection, influenza and severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus: respiratory virus infection with steroid use. Postgrad Med 2022; 134:589-597. [PMID: 35590450 DOI: 10.1080/00325481.2022.2080359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We sought to fill the research gap on the effects of statins on the risks of ischemic stroke and heart disease among individuals with human immunodeficiency virus infection, influenza, and severe acute respiratory syndrome associated-coronavirus (HIS) disorders. METHODS We enrolled a HIS cohort treated with statins (n = 4921) and a HIS cohort not treated with statins (n = 4921). The cumulative incidence of ischemic stroke and heart disease was analyzed using a time-dependent Cox proportional regression analysis. We analyzed the adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of ischemic stroke and heart disease for statins users relative to nonusers based on sex, age, comorbidities and medications. RESULTS The aHR (95% CI) was 0.38 (0.22-0.65) for ischemic stroke. The aHR (95% CI) of heart disease was 0.50 (0.46-0.55). The aHRs (95% CI) of statin users with low, medium, and high adherence (statin use covering <33%, 33%-66%, and >66%, respectively, of the study period) for the risks of ischemic stroke were 0.50 (0.27-0.92), 0.31 (0.10-1.01), and 0.16 (0.04-0.68) and for heart disease were 0.56 (0.51-0.61), 0.40 (0.33-0.48), and 0.44 (0.38-0.51), respectively, compared with statin nonusers. CONCLUSION Statin use was associated with lower aHRs for ischemic stroke and heart disease in those with HIS disorders with comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Jun Yeh
- Department of Family Medicine, Geriatric Medicine, and Medical Research, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Meichu Lai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Li Lin
- College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Hua Lu
- Department of Family Medicine, Geriatric Medicine, and Medical Research, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hung Kao
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Center of Augmented Intelligence in Healthcare, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
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14
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Brain Renin-Angiotensin System as Novel and Potential Therapeutic Target for Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221810139. [PMID: 34576302 PMCID: PMC8468637 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221810139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The activation of the brain renin-angiotensin system (RAS) plays a pivotal role in the pathophysiology of cognition. While the brain RAS has been studied before in the context of hypertension, little is known about its role and regulation in relation to neuronal function and its modulation. Adequate blood flow to the brain as well as proper clearing of metabolic byproducts become crucial in the presence of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). RAS inhibition (RASi) drugs that can cross into the central nervous system have yielded unclear results in improving cognition in AD patients. Consequently, only one RASi therapy is under consideration in clinical trials to modify AD. Moreover, the role of non-genetic factors such as hypercholesterolemia in the pathophysiology of AD remains largely uncharacterized, even when evidence exists that it can lead to alteration of the RAS and cognition in animal models. Here we revise the evidence for the function of the brain RAS in cognition and AD pathogenesis and summarize the evidence that links it to hypercholesterolemia and other risk factors. We review existent medications for RASi therapy and show research on novel drugs, including small molecules and nanodelivery strategies that can target the brain RAS with potential high specificity. We hope that further research into the brain RAS function and modulation will lead to innovative therapies that can finally improve AD neurodegeneration.
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15
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Liu CH, Sung PS, Li YR, Huang WK, Lee TW, Huang CC, Lee TH, Chen TH, Wei YC. Telmisartan use and risk of dementia in type 2 diabetes patients with hypertension: A population-based cohort study. PLoS Med 2021; 18:e1003707. [PMID: 34280191 PMCID: PMC8289120 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1003707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) may have protective effects against dementia occurrence in patients with hypertension (HTN). However, whether telmisartan, an ARB with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPAR-γ)-modulating effects, has additional benefits compared to other ARBs remains unclear. METHODS AND FINDINGS Between 1997 and 2013, 2,166,944 type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients were identified from the National Health Insurance Research Database of Taiwan. Patients with HTN using ARBs were included in the study. Patients with a history of stroke, traumatic brain injury, or dementia were excluded. Finally, 65,511 eligible patients were divided into 2 groups: the telmisartan group and the non-telmisartan ARB group. Propensity score matching (1:4) was used to balance the distribution of baseline characteristics and medications. The primary outcome was the diagnosis of dementia. The secondary outcomes included the diagnosis of Alzheimer disease and occurrence of symptomatic ischemic stroke (IS), any IS, and all-cause mortality. The risks between groups were compared using a Cox proportional hazard model. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. There were 2,280 and 9,120 patients in the telmisartan and non-telmisartan ARB groups, respectively. Patients in the telmisartan group had a lower risk of dementia diagnosis (telmisartan versus non-telmisartan ARBs: 2.19% versus 3.20%; HR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.53 to 0.97; p = 0.030). They also had lower risk of dementia diagnosis with IS as a competing risk (subdistribution HR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.51 to 0.95; p = 0.022) and with all-cause mortality as a competing risk (subdistribution HR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.53 to 0.97; p = 0.029). In addition, the telmisartan users had a lower risk of any IS (6.84% versus 8.57%; HR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.67 to 0.94; p = 0.008) during long-term follow-up. Study limitations included potential residual confounding by indication, interpretation of causal effects in an observational study, and bias caused by using diagnostic and medication codes to represent real clinical data. CONCLUSIONS The current study suggests that telmisartan use in hypertensive T2DM patients may be associated with a lower risk of dementia and any IS events in an East-Asian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Hung Liu
- Department of Neurology, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Pi-Shan Sung
- Department of Neurology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yan-Rong Li
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Kuan Huang
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Tay-Wey Lee
- Biostatistical Consultation Center, Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Chang Huang
- Department of Neurology, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Tsong-Hai Lee
- Department of Neurology, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Tien-Hsing Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Keelung, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (THC); (YCW)
| | - Yi-Chia Wei
- Department of Neurology, Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Community Medicine Research Center, Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (THC); (YCW)
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Ribeiro VT, de Souza LC, Simões E Silva AC. Renin-Angiotensin System and Alzheimer's Disease Pathophysiology: From the Potential Interactions to Therapeutic Perspectives. Protein Pept Lett 2020; 27:484-511. [PMID: 31886744 DOI: 10.2174/0929866527666191230103739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
New roles of the Renin-Angiotensin System (RAS), apart from fluid homeostasis and Blood Pressure (BP) regulation, are being progressively unveiled, since the discoveries of RAS alternative axes and local RAS in different tissues, including the brain. Brain RAS is reported to interact with pathophysiological mechanisms of many neurological and psychiatric diseases, including Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Even though AD is the most common cause of dementia worldwide, its pathophysiology is far from elucidated. Currently, no treatment can halt the disease course. Successive failures of amyloid-targeting drugs have challenged the amyloid hypothesis and increased the interest in the inflammatory and vascular aspects of AD. RAS compounds, both centrally and peripherally, potentially interact with neuroinflammation and cerebrovascular regulation. This narrative review discusses the AD pathophysiology and its possible interaction with RAS, looking forward to potential therapeutic approaches. RAS molecules affect BP, cerebral blood flow, neuroinflammation, and oxidative stress. Angiotensin (Ang) II, via angiotensin type 1 receptors may promote brain tissue damage, while Ang-(1-7) seems to elicit neuroprotection. Several studies dosed RAS molecules in AD patients' biological material, with heterogeneous results. The link between AD and clinical conditions related to classical RAS axis overactivation (hypertension, heart failure, and chronic kidney disease) supports the hypothesized role of this system in AD. Additionally, RAStargeting drugs as Angiotensin Converting Enzyme inhibitors (ACEis) and Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (ARBs) seem to exert beneficial effects on AD. Results of randomized controlled trials testing ACEi or ARBs in AD are awaited to elucidate whether AD-RAS interaction has implications on AD therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Teatini Ribeiro
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Medical Investigation, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Cruz de Souza
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Medical Investigation, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,Department of Internal Medicine, Service of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Ana Cristina Simões E Silva
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Medical Investigation, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Changes in Drug Prescribing Practices Are Associated With Improved Outcomes in Patients With Dementia in Sweden: Experience from the Swedish Dementia Registry 2008-2017. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2020; 22:1477-1483.e3. [PMID: 33309648 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2020.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Evidence is lacking on how treatment of comorbidities improves outcomes in patients with dementia. In this study, we evaluated temporal changes in the management of comorbidities in relation to survival rates in incident dementia over a 10-year period in Sweden. DESIGN Observational cohort study. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS A total of 40,219 patients with recently diagnosed dementia in memory clinics from the Swedish Dementia Registry (SveDem) from 2008 to 2017. METHODS In 1-year blocks, pharmacological treatment of dementia and comorbidities in relationship to risk for fractures, major cardiovascular events (MACE), and death were analyzed using Cox models. Standardized Incidence Ratios (SIR) of death are presented. RESULTS After standardization for demographics and comorbidities, the risk of fracture, MACE, and mortality decreased by 16%, 23%, and 28%, respectively, between 2008 and 2016. Each year decreased the risk of fracture by 3% (hazard ratio 0.97, 95% confidence interval 0.96-0.99), MACE by 4% (0.96, 0.95-0.97), and death by 5% (0.95, 0.93-0.97). Adjustment for changes in medication use attenuated these associations. Compared with the general population, the risk of death declined by 11%, corresponding to standardized incidence rate ratio, between 2008 and 2016. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Over 10 years, a reduction in the short-term risks of fracture, MACE, and death in patients with dementia was associated with changes in drug prescribing practices. These improvements seem to be partly explained by progressive implementation of dementia diagnostic, treatment guidelines, and general management of comorbidities.
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Qin H, Zhu B, Hu C, Zhao X. Later-Onset Hypertension Is Associated With Higher Risk of Dementia in Mild Cognitive Impairment. Front Neurol 2020; 11:557977. [PMID: 33324316 PMCID: PMC7726443 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.557977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the correlation between hypertension development and the progression of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to dementia in middle-aged and elderly people. A population-based longitudinal cognition survey of people aged 55+ was conducted. The hypertension onset age was estimated by self-reported information and medical insurance card records. To study the effect of later-onset hypertension on dementia, the incidence of dementia was compared between the two groups. Of 277 hypertensive MCI participants without dementia, 56 (20.22%) progressed to dementia (MCIp) over the 6-year follow-up. The proportion of MCIp participants in the old-age-onset hypertension group (≥65 years) was higher than that in the middle-age-onset hypertension group (27.0 vs. 15.4%, respectively; X 2 = 5.538, P = 0.019). In the old-age-onset hypertension group, the proportion of MCIp without diabetes mellitus was higher than those with diabetes mellitus (24.7 vs. 12.6%, respectively; X 2 = 5.321, P = 0.021) and those with increased pulse pressure was higher than those without increased pulse pressure (33.3 vs. 15.4%, respectively; X 2 = 3.902, P = 0.048). However, the cox proportional hazard showed that older age was the only risk factor for MCIp (HR = 0.618, p = 0.000). These results suggest that individuals with later-onset hypertension may have greater cognition decline, even with blood pressure maintained at 130/80 mmHg with antihypertensive management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Binggen Zhu
- Shanghai Pudong New Area Mental Health Center, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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van Dalen JW, Marcum ZA, Gray SL, Barthold D, Moll van Charante EP, van Gool WA, Crane PK, Larson EB, Richard E. Association of Angiotensin II-Stimulating Antihypertensive Use and Dementia Risk: Post Hoc Analysis of the PreDIVA Trial. Neurology 2020; 96:e67-e80. [PMID: 33154085 PMCID: PMC7884979 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000010996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess whether angiotensin II-stimulating antihypertensives (thiazides, dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers, and angiotensin I receptor blockers) convey a lower risk of incident dementia compared to angiotensin II-inhibiting antihypertensives (angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, β-blockers, and nondihydropyridine calcium channel blockers), in accordance with the "angiotensin hypothesis." METHODS We performed Cox regression analyses of incident dementia (or mortality as competing risk) during 6-8 years of follow-up in a population sample of 1,909 community-dwelling individuals (54% women) without dementia, aged 70-78 (mean 74.5 ± 2.5) years. RESULTS After a median of 6.7 years of follow-up, dementia status was available for 1,870 (98%) and mortality for 1,904 (>99%) participants. Dementia incidence was 5.6% (27/480) in angiotensin II-stimulating, 8.2% (59/721) in angiotensin II-inhibiting, and 6.9% (46/669) in both antihypertensive type users. Adjusted for dementia risk factors including blood pressure and medical history, angiotensin II-stimulating antihypertensive users had a 45% lower incident dementia rate (hazard ratio [HR], 0.55; 95% CI, 0.34-0.89) without excess mortality (HR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.64-1.16), and individuals using both types had a nonsignificant 20% lower dementia rate (HR, 0.80; 95% CI,0.53-1.20) without excess mortality (HR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.76-1.24), compared to angiotensin II-inhibiting antihypertensive users. Results were consistent for subgroups based on diabetes and stroke history, but may be specific for individuals without a history of cardiovascular disease. CONCLUSIONS Users of angiotensin II-stimulating antihypertensives had lower dementia rates compared to angiotensin II-inhibiting antihypertensive users, supporting the angiotensin hypothesis. Confounding by indication must be examined further, although subanalyses suggest this did not influence results. If replicated, dementia prevention could become a compelling indication for older individuals receiving antihypertensive treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Willem van Dalen
- From the Departments of Neurology (J.W.v.D., W.A.v.G., E.R.) and General Practice (E.P.M.v.C.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam; Department of Neurology (J.W.v.D., E.R.), Donders Institute for Brain, Behaviour and Cognition, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Schools of Pharmacy (Z.A.M., S.L.G., D.B.) and Medicine (P.K.C.), University of Washington; and Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute (E.B.L.), Seattle.
| | - Zachary A Marcum
- From the Departments of Neurology (J.W.v.D., W.A.v.G., E.R.) and General Practice (E.P.M.v.C.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam; Department of Neurology (J.W.v.D., E.R.), Donders Institute for Brain, Behaviour and Cognition, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Schools of Pharmacy (Z.A.M., S.L.G., D.B.) and Medicine (P.K.C.), University of Washington; and Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute (E.B.L.), Seattle
| | - Shelly L Gray
- From the Departments of Neurology (J.W.v.D., W.A.v.G., E.R.) and General Practice (E.P.M.v.C.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam; Department of Neurology (J.W.v.D., E.R.), Donders Institute for Brain, Behaviour and Cognition, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Schools of Pharmacy (Z.A.M., S.L.G., D.B.) and Medicine (P.K.C.), University of Washington; and Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute (E.B.L.), Seattle
| | - Douglas Barthold
- From the Departments of Neurology (J.W.v.D., W.A.v.G., E.R.) and General Practice (E.P.M.v.C.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam; Department of Neurology (J.W.v.D., E.R.), Donders Institute for Brain, Behaviour and Cognition, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Schools of Pharmacy (Z.A.M., S.L.G., D.B.) and Medicine (P.K.C.), University of Washington; and Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute (E.B.L.), Seattle
| | - Eric P Moll van Charante
- From the Departments of Neurology (J.W.v.D., W.A.v.G., E.R.) and General Practice (E.P.M.v.C.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam; Department of Neurology (J.W.v.D., E.R.), Donders Institute for Brain, Behaviour and Cognition, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Schools of Pharmacy (Z.A.M., S.L.G., D.B.) and Medicine (P.K.C.), University of Washington; and Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute (E.B.L.), Seattle
| | - Willem A van Gool
- From the Departments of Neurology (J.W.v.D., W.A.v.G., E.R.) and General Practice (E.P.M.v.C.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam; Department of Neurology (J.W.v.D., E.R.), Donders Institute for Brain, Behaviour and Cognition, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Schools of Pharmacy (Z.A.M., S.L.G., D.B.) and Medicine (P.K.C.), University of Washington; and Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute (E.B.L.), Seattle
| | - Paul K Crane
- From the Departments of Neurology (J.W.v.D., W.A.v.G., E.R.) and General Practice (E.P.M.v.C.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam; Department of Neurology (J.W.v.D., E.R.), Donders Institute for Brain, Behaviour and Cognition, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Schools of Pharmacy (Z.A.M., S.L.G., D.B.) and Medicine (P.K.C.), University of Washington; and Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute (E.B.L.), Seattle
| | - Eric B Larson
- From the Departments of Neurology (J.W.v.D., W.A.v.G., E.R.) and General Practice (E.P.M.v.C.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam; Department of Neurology (J.W.v.D., E.R.), Donders Institute for Brain, Behaviour and Cognition, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Schools of Pharmacy (Z.A.M., S.L.G., D.B.) and Medicine (P.K.C.), University of Washington; and Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute (E.B.L.), Seattle
| | - Edo Richard
- From the Departments of Neurology (J.W.v.D., W.A.v.G., E.R.) and General Practice (E.P.M.v.C.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam; Department of Neurology (J.W.v.D., E.R.), Donders Institute for Brain, Behaviour and Cognition, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Schools of Pharmacy (Z.A.M., S.L.G., D.B.) and Medicine (P.K.C.), University of Washington; and Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute (E.B.L.), Seattle
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Cantón-Habas V, Rich-Ruiz M, Romero-Saldaña M, Carrera-González MDP. Depression as a Risk Factor for Dementia and Alzheimer's Disease. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8110457. [PMID: 33126696 PMCID: PMC7693751 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8110457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Preventing the onset of dementia and Alzheimer’s disease (AD), improving the diagnosis, and slowing the progression of these diseases remain a challenge. The aim of this study was to elucidate the association between depression and dementia/AD and to identify possible relationships between these diseases and different sociodemographic and clinical features. In this regard, a case-control study was conducted in Spain in 2018–2019. The definition of a case was: A person ≥ 65 years old with dementia and/or AD and a score of 5–7 on the Global Deterioration Scale (GDS). The sample consisted of 125 controls; among the cases, 96 had dementia and 74 had AD. The predictor variables were depression, dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and hypertension. The results showed that depression, diabetes mellitus, and older age were associated with an increased likelihood of developing AD, with an Odds Ratio (OR) of 12.9 (95% confidence interval (CI): 4.3–39.9), 2.8 (95% CI: 1.1–7.1) and 1.15 (95% CI: 1.1–1.2), respectively. Those subjects with treated dyslipidemia were less likely to develop AD (OR 0.47, 95% CI: 0.22–1.1). Therefore, depression and diabetes mellitus increase the risk of dementia, whereas treated dyslipidemia has been shown to reduce this risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanesa Cantón-Habas
- Maimónides Institute for Biomedical Research (IMIBIC), University of Córdoba, Reina Sofia University Hospital, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; (V.C.-H.); (M.R.-S.); (M.d.P.C.-G.)
| | - Manuel Rich-Ruiz
- Maimónides Institute for Biomedical Research (IMIBIC), University of Córdoba, Reina Sofia University Hospital, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; (V.C.-H.); (M.R.-S.); (M.d.P.C.-G.)
- Ciber Fragility and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), 28001 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-69-542-4299
| | - Manuel Romero-Saldaña
- Maimónides Institute for Biomedical Research (IMIBIC), University of Córdoba, Reina Sofia University Hospital, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; (V.C.-H.); (M.R.-S.); (M.d.P.C.-G.)
| | - Maria del Pilar Carrera-González
- Maimónides Institute for Biomedical Research (IMIBIC), University of Córdoba, Reina Sofia University Hospital, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; (V.C.-H.); (M.R.-S.); (M.d.P.C.-G.)
- Experimental and Clinical Physiopathology Research Group, Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Experimental and Health Sciences, University of Jaén, E-23071 Jaén, Spain
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21
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Identification of an individual with a SYGNAP1 pathogenic mutation in India. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:9225-9234. [PMID: 33090308 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05915-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Exome sequencing is a prominent tool to identify novel and deleterious mutations which could be non-sense, frameshift, and canonical splice-site mutations in a specific gene. De novo mutations in SYNGAP1, which codes for synaptic RAS-GTPase activating the protein, causes Intellectual disability (ID) and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). SYNGAP1 related ASD/ID is one of the rare diseases that are detrimental to the healthy neuronal developmental and disrupts the global development of a child. We report the first SYNGAP1 heterozygous patient from Indian cohort. We report a case of a child of 2-year old with global developmental delay, microcephaly subtle dysmorphism, absence seizures, disrupted sleep, delay in learning a language, and eating problems. Upon further validation, the child has a few traits of ASD. Here, based on focused exome sequencing, we report a de novo heterozygous mutation in SYNGAP1 exon 11 with c. 1861 C > T (p.arg621ter). Currently, the child is on Atorvastatin, a RAS inhibitor, already available in the market for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia and has shown considerable improvement in global behaviour and cognitive development. The long-term follow up of the child's development would contribute to the already existing knowledge of the developmental trajectory in individuals with SYNGAP1 heterozygous mutation. In this report, we discuss the finding of a novel mutation in one of the genes, SYNGAP1, implicated in ASD/ID. Besides, we discuss the current treatment prescribed to the patient and the progress of global developmental of the child.
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22
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Hu W, Li Y, Zhao Y, Dong Y, Cui Y, Sun S, Gong G, Zhang H, Chai Q, Wang J, Liu Z. Telmisartan and Rosuvastatin Synergistically Ameliorate Dementia and Cognitive Impairment in Older Hypertensive Patients With Apolipoprotein E Genotype. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:154. [PMID: 32581766 PMCID: PMC7296075 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.00154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the effect of telmisartan, rosuvastatin, or their combination on dementia and to understand the impact of apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype on the effect of the medications in older patients with hypertension. Methods: This is a double-blind, randomized, and placebo-controlled trial using a 2 × 2 factorial design. Between April 2008 and November 2010, 1,244 hypertensive patients aged ≥60 years without cognitive impairment were recruited from communities in six cities in Shandong area, China. Patients were randomized into telmisartan and rosuvastatin administration after a 2-week washout period. APOE genotype was identified at the baseline. Possible dementia was determined using the combination of the global cognitive function and Assessment of the Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly (IQCODE). Results: Over an average follow-up of 7 [interquartile range (IQR): 6.7–7.2] years, telmisartan and rosuvastatin significantly reduced the cognitive impairment progression and the incidence of dementia. There was a synergistic interaction between telmisartan and rosuvastatin to reduce the cognitive impairment and the incidence of dementia (Padjusted < 0.001). The cognitive impairment progression and the risk of dementia were higher in the hypertensive patients with APOE ε4 allele than in those without APOE ε4 allele. Rosuvastatin medication significantly alleviated the cognitive impairment progression and the risks of dementia in patients with APOE ε4 allele. Conclusion: The combination of telmisartan and rosuvastatin might be an effective prevention and/or treatment strategy for cognitive impairment and dementia, especially in hypertensive patients with the APOE ε4 allele. Clinical Trial Registration:www.ClinicalTrials.gov, ChiCTR.org.cn, identifier ChiCTR-IOR-17013557. Registered on April 12, 2017 – Retrospectively registered, http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=23121
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Hu
- Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Ying Li
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Jinan-Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Yingxin Zhao
- Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Yuanli Dong
- Department of Community, Lanshan District People Hospital, Linyi, China
| | - Yi Cui
- Department of Radiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Shangwen Sun
- Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Gary Gong
- The Russel H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Hua Zhang
- Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Qiang Chai
- Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhendong Liu
- Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
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23
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Selected LDLR and APOE Polymorphisms Affect Cognitive and Functional Response to Lipophilic Statins in Alzheimer's Disease. J Mol Neurosci 2020; 70:1574-1588. [PMID: 32474901 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-020-01588-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Effects of statins over clinical changes in Alzheimer's disease (AD) are usually non-significant, but epistatic interactions between genetic variants involved in cholesterol metabolism could be important for such effects. We aimed to investigate whether LDLR single-nucleotide polymorphisms rs11669576 (LDLR8), rs5930 (LDLR10), and rs5925 (LDLR13) are associated with cognitive and functional changes in AD, while also considering APOE haplotypes and lipid-lowering treatment with lipophilic statins for stratification. Consecutive outpatients with late-onset AD were screened with cognitive tests, while caregivers scored functionality and caregiver burden, with prospective neurotranslational correlations documented for 1 year. For 179 patients, minor allele frequencies were 0.078 for rs11669576-A (14.5% heterozygotes), 0.346 for rs5930-A (42.5% heterozygotes), and 0.444 for rs5925-C (56.4% heterozygotes), all in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium; 134 patients had hypercholesterolemia, and 133 used lipophilic statins. Carriers of rs11669576-G had faster cognitive decline, while functional decline was slower for carriers of rs11669576-A who used lipophilic statins. APOE-ε4 carriers who also carried rs5930-AA had improved caregiver burden, while carriers of haplotypes that included rs5930-AG had worse cognitive and functional outcomes, though carriers of the A allele of rs5930 had better cognitive and functional response to lipophilic statins. APOE-ε4 non-carriers who carried rs5925-TT had slower cognitive decline, while lipophilic statins protected carriers of the other genotypes. We preliminarily conclude that reportedly protective variants of LDLR and APOE against risk of AD also slowed cognitive decline, regardless of cholesterol variations, while therapy with lipophilic statins might benefit carriers of specific genetic variants.
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24
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Wu Y, Li M, Zeng J, Feng Z, Yang J, Shen B, Zeng Y. Differential Expression of Renin-Angiotensin System-related Components in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis and Osteoarthritis. Am J Med Sci 2019; 359:17-26. [PMID: 31785770 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2019.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the role of renin-angiotensin system (RAS)-related components, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and atrial metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13) in synovial tissue and synovial fluid from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA). MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-four patients with RA and 41 patients with OA were included in the study. Renin, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), VEGF and MMP-13 protein levels in the synovial fluid were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis, western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry were used to quantify renin, ACE, angiotensin type 1 and type 2 receptors, VEGF and MMP-13 in OA and RA. Additionally, the correlation was determined by Pearson's coefficient. RESULTS In synovial fluid, expression levels of renin, ACE, VEGF and MMP-13 in patients with RA were significantly higher than those in patients with OA. In synovial tissue, the RAS components VEGF and MMP-13 were also elevated in patients with RA. The results of immunohistochemistry in synovial tissue also showed that the RAS components VEGF and MMP-13 were significantly increased in patients with RA. Notably, the Pearson coefficient demonstrated that the levels of the RAS components were positively correlated with the expression of VEGF and MMP-13 in OA and RA. CONCLUSIONS The present results suggest that RAS-related components in RA and OA, including renin, ACE, angiotensin type 1 and type 2 receptors, are associated with increased expression of VEGF and play an important role in angiogenesis. Furthermore, there was a significant positive correlation between the expression of VEGF and MMP-13.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuangang Wu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China.
| | - Mingyang Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Jun Zeng
- Lab of Medicinal Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Zhanzhan Feng
- Lab of Medicinal Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Bin Shen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yi Zeng
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China.
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25
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Loera-Valencia R, Cedazo-Minguez A, Kenigsberg PA, Page G, Duarte AI, Giusti P, Zusso M, Robert P, Frisoni GB, Cattaneo A, Zille M, Boltze J, Cartier N, Buee L, Johansson G, Winblad B. Current and emerging avenues for Alzheimer's disease drug targets. J Intern Med 2019; 286:398-437. [PMID: 31286586 DOI: 10.1111/joim.12959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most frequent cause of dementia, is escalating as a global epidemic, and so far, there is neither cure nor treatment to alter its progression. The most important feature of the disease is neuronal death and loss of cognitive functions, caused probably from several pathological processes in the brain. The main neuropathological features of AD are widely described as amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles of the aggregated protein tau, which contribute to the disease. Nevertheless, AD brains suffer from a variety of alterations in function, such as energy metabolism, inflammation and synaptic activity. The latest decades have seen an explosion of genes and molecules that can be employed as targets aiming to improve brain physiology, which can result in preventive strategies for AD. Moreover, therapeutics using these targets can help AD brains to sustain function during the development of AD pathology. Here, we review broadly recent information for potential targets that can modify AD through diverse pharmacological and nonpharmacological approaches including gene therapy. We propose that AD could be tackled not only using combination therapies including Aβ and tau, but also considering insulin and cholesterol metabolism, vascular function, synaptic plasticity, epigenetics, neurovascular junction and blood-brain barrier targets that have been studied recently. We also make a case for the role of gut microbiota in AD. Our hope is to promote the continuing research of diverse targets affecting AD and promote diverse targeting as a near-future strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Loera-Valencia
- Division of Neurogeriatrics, Centre for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - A Cedazo-Minguez
- Division of Neurogeriatrics, Centre for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | | | - G Page
- Neurovascular Unit and Cognitive impairments - EA3808, University of Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - A I Duarte
- CNC- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (IIIUC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - P Giusti
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - M Zusso
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - P Robert
- CoBTeK - lab, CHU Nice University Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - G B Frisoni
- University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - A Cattaneo
- University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - M Zille
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Lübeck, Germany
| | - J Boltze
- School of Life Sciences, The University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - N Cartier
- Preclinical research platform, INSERM U1169/MIRCen Commissariat à l'énergie atomique, Fontenay aux Roses, France.,Université Paris-Sud, Orsay, France
| | - L Buee
- Alzheimer & Tauopathies, LabEx DISTALZ, CHU-Lille, Inserm, Univ. Lille, Lille, France
| | - G Johansson
- Division of Neurogeriatrics, Centre for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - B Winblad
- Division of Neurogeriatrics, Centre for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden.,Theme Aging, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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26
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Wahl D, Solon-Biet SM, Cogger VC, Fontana L, Simpson SJ, Le Couteur DG, Ribeiro RV. Aging, lifestyle and dementia. Neurobiol Dis 2019; 130:104481. [PMID: 31136814 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2019.104481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is the greatest risk factor for most diseases including cancer, cardiovascular disorders, and neurodegenerative disease. There is emerging evidence that interventions that improve metabolic health with aging may also be effective for brain health. The most robust interventions are non-pharmacological and include limiting calorie or protein intake, increasing aerobic exercise, or environmental enrichment. In humans, dietary patterns including the Mediterranean, Finnish Geriatric Intervention Study to Prevent Cognitive Impairment and Disability (FINGER) and Okinawan diets are associated with improved age-related health and may reduce neurodegenerative disease including dementia. Rapamycin, metformin and resveratrol act on nutrient sensing pathways that improve cardiometabolic health and decrease the risk for age-associated disease. There is some evidence that they may reduce the risk for dementia in rodents. There is a growing recognition that improving metabolic function may be an effective way to optimize brain health during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devin Wahl
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia; Aging and Alzheimers Institute, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord Clinical School/Sydney Medical School, Concord 2139, Australia.
| | - Samantha M Solon-Biet
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia; Aging and Alzheimers Institute, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord Clinical School/Sydney Medical School, Concord 2139, Australia
| | - Victoria C Cogger
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia; Aging and Alzheimers Institute, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord Clinical School/Sydney Medical School, Concord 2139, Australia
| | - Luigi Fontana
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
| | - Stephen J Simpson
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia; School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
| | - David G Le Couteur
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia; Aging and Alzheimers Institute, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord Clinical School/Sydney Medical School, Concord 2139, Australia
| | - Rosilene V Ribeiro
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia; School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
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Fouda AY, Fagan SC, Ergul A. Brain Vasculature and Cognition. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2019; 39:593-602. [PMID: 30816798 PMCID: PMC6540805 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.118.311906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
There is a complex interaction between the brain and the cerebral vasculature to meet the metabolic demands of the brain for proper function. Preservation of cerebrovascular function and integrity has a central role in this sophisticated communication within the brain, and any derangements can have deleterious acute and chronic consequences. In almost all forms of cognitive impairment, from mild to Alzheimer disease, there are changes in cerebrovascular function and structure leading to decreased cerebral blood flow, which may initiate or worsen cognitive impairment. In this focused review, we discuss the contribution of 2 major vasoactive pathways to cerebrovascular dysfunction and cognitive impairment in an effort to identify early intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelrahman Y. Fouda
- Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, GA
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center Augusta, GA
| | - Susan C. Fagan
- Program in Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Georgia College of Pharmacy, GA
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center Augusta, GA
| | - Adviye Ergul
- Ralph Johnson Veterans Administration Medical Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
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