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Zhu HW, Wang YP, Zhang QF, Wang KD, Huang Y, Xiang RL. F-actin/DRP1 axis-mediated mitochondrial fission promotes mitophagy in diabetic submandibular glands. Oral Dis 2024. [PMID: 38735833 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes is accompanied by a high prevalence of hyposalivation, causing severe damage to oral and systemic health. Mitochondrial dynamics play important roles in the pathogenesis of various diabetic complications; however, little is known about their roles in diabetic hyposalivation. MATERIALS AND METHODS A diabetic mouse model and a high glucose (HG)-induced diabetic submandibular gland (SMG) cell model were employed. RESULTS More mitochondria surrounded by autophagosomes and higher expression of mitophagy-related proteins were detected in the SMGs of diabetic mice and HG-treated SMG cells. In diabetic SMGs, dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1) was upregulated, whereas mitofusin-2 was downregulated both in vivo and in vitro. Shortened mitochondria and impaired mitochondrial functions were observed in the HG group. A DRP1-specific inhibitor, mdivi-1, suppressed mitochondrial fission and mitophagy, as well as restored mitochondrial functions in the HG condition. Moreover, the interaction of F-actin and DRP1 was enhanced in the diabetic group. Inhibiting F-actin with cytochalasin D repaired the injured effects of HG on mitochondrial dynamics and functions. Conversely, the F-actin-polymerization-inducer jasplakinolide aggravated mitochondrial fission and dysfunction. CONCLUSIONS F-actin contributes to HG-evoked mitochondrial fission by interacting with DRP1, which induces mitophagy and impairs mitochondrial function in SMG cells, ultimately damaging the SMG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hou-Wei Zhu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatological Hospital of Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Stomotalogical Disease Diagnosis and Treatment, Xiamen, China
| | - Yi-Ping Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatological Hospital of Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Stomotalogical Disease Diagnosis and Treatment, Xiamen, China
| | - Qiu-Fang Zhang
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Stomotalogical Disease Diagnosis and Treatment, Stomatological Hospital of Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, China
| | - Kai-Di Wang
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Stomotalogical Disease Diagnosis and Treatment, Stomatological Hospital of Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, China
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatological Hospital of Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Stomotalogical Disease Diagnosis and Treatment, Xiamen, China
| | - Ruo-Lan Xiang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Kamran MA. Salivary and crevicular fluid proinflammatory cytokines and advanced glycation end products in patients with different glycemic levels undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment. Angle Orthod 2024; 94:233-239. [PMID: 37939794 PMCID: PMC10893931 DOI: 10.2319/052823-382.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine whether patients with different blood glycemic levels undergoing fixed orthodontic therapy demonstrate changes in the biochemical profiles of crevicular fluid and salivary advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and proinflammatory cytokine levels in comparison with nondiabetic healthy subjects. MATERIALS AND METHODS Prediabetic subjects, subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and subjects without a diabetes mellitus diagnosis undergoing fixed orthodontic therapy with MBT prescription brackets (0.022-inch brackets and 0.019 × 0.025-inch stainless steel archwires) were included in the study. The following clinical periodontal parameters were evaluated: (1) plaque score (PS), (2) probing depth (PD), (3) bleeding on probing (BOP), and (4) clinical attachment loss. Crevicular fluid and saliva specimens were collected during regular orthodontic visits. Salivary and crevicular fluid tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-6, ghrelin, resistin, AGEs, and receptor activator of nuclear factor κΒ ligand were evaluated using a human magnetic Luminex multiplex assay. RESULTS BOP scores were significantly higher among T2DM subjects (19.2%) than among nondiabetic subjects (11.2%) and prediabetic subjects (15.9%). Comparable values were demonstrated by all three study groups regarding PD scores and PSs. T2DM subjects demonstrated higher scores for gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) chemokines than nondiabetic and prediabetic subjects. A statistically significant difference was found in the levels of AGEs and resistin among the three study groups. The scores revealed for the levels of GCF resistin and AGEs versus periodontal BOP demonstrated a significant positive association by the Pearson correlation test. CONCLUSIONS T2DM patients demonstrated significantly higher levels of GCF resistin and AGEs during fixed orthodontic therapy. Chronic hyperglycemic patients undergoing orthodontic therapy demonstrated a proinflammatory response.
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Ramírez L, Sánchez I, González-Serrano J, Muñoz M, Martínez-Acitores ML, Garrido E, Hernández G, López-Pintor RM. Factors influencing xerostomia and oral health-related quality of life in polymedicated patients. Gerodontology 2023. [PMID: 37944110 DOI: 10.1111/ger.12724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate whether the severity of xerostomia in older polymedicated patients impacts oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL). BACKGROUND Medication-associated xerostomia is common in older people. Xerostomia may impair OHRQoL. MATERIALS AND METHODS This cross-sectional study included older hypertensive patients from two health centres. We assessed the severity of xerostomia and OHRQoL using the Xerostomia Inventory (XI) tool, and the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14) instrument, respectively. We measured unstimulated (UWS) and stimulated (SWS) salivary flows. Univariate and multiple linear regression analyses evaluated the associations of XI and OHIP-14 and different explanatory variables. RESULTS Of the 218 patients enrolled, 51.8% had xerostomia, and 38.1% and 27.5% suffered from UWS and SWS hyposalivation, respectively. Patients with xerostomia, UWS, and SWS hyposalivation scored significantly higher on the XI. However, only those with xerostomia or UWS hyposalivation had significantly higher OHIP-14 scores. A moderate correlation was observed between XI and OHIP-14 scores. The multiple regression model showed that factors with the greatest impact on XI were the patient's complaint of xerostomia, UWS flow rate, age and sex. However, only the XI score was significantly associated with the OHIP-14 score. CONCLUSION Xerostomia has a negative impact on OHRQoL in older polymedicated patients, but this impact is less than in other types of xerostomia. Longitudinal studies are needed to determine whether changes in the detected explanatory variables influence XI and OHIP scores in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Ramírez
- Department of Dental Clinical Specialties, ORALMED Research Group, School of Dentistry, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Sánchez
- Department of Dental Clinical Specialties, ORALMED Research Group, School of Dentistry, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - José González-Serrano
- Department of Dental Clinical Specialties, ORALMED Research Group, School of Dentistry, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Muñoz
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, School of Biomedical Science, European University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Gonzalo Hernández
- Department of Dental Clinical Specialties, ORALMED Research Group, School of Dentistry, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa María López-Pintor
- Department of Dental Clinical Specialties, ORALMED Research Group, School of Dentistry, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
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Li G, Yu Q, Li M, Zhang D, Yu J, Yu X, Xia C, Lin J, Han L, Huang H. Phyllanthus emblica fruits: a polyphenol-rich fruit with potential benefits for oral management. Food Funct 2023; 14:7738-7759. [PMID: 37529983 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo01671d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
The fruit of Phyllanthus emblica Linn., which mainly grows in tropical and subtropical regions, is well-known for its medicine and food homology properties. It has a distinctive flavor, great nutritional content, and potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer and immunoregulatory effects. According to an increasing amount of scientific and clinical evidence, this fruit shows significant potential for application and development in the field of oral health management. Through the supplementation of vitamins, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and other nutrients reduce virulence expression of various oral pathogens, prevent tissue and mucosal damage caused by oxidative stress, etc. Phyllanthus emblica fruit can promote saliva secretion, regulate the balance of the oral microecology, prevent and treat oral cancer early, promote alveolar bone remodeling and aid mucosal wound healing. Thus, it plays a specific role in the prevention and treatment of common oral disorders, producing surprising results. For instance, enhancing the effectiveness of scaling and root planing in the treatment of periodontitis, relieving mucosal inflammation caused by radiotherapy for oral cancer, and regulating the blood glucose metabolism to alleviate oral discomfort. Herein, we systematically review the latest research on the use of Phyllanthus emblica fruit in the management of oral health and examine the challenges and future research directions based on its chemical composition and characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gefei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Qiang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Mengqi Li
- Pharmacy department, Sichuan Nursing Vocational College, Chengdu 610100, China
| | - Dingkun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Ji Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Xiaohan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Chenxi Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Junzhi Lin
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, PR China.
| | - Li Han
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Haozhou Huang
- State key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
- Meishan Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Meishan, 620010, China
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Ramírez L, Sánchez I, Muñoz M, Martínez-Acitores ML, Garrido E, Hernández G, López-Pintor RM. Risk factors associated with xerostomia and reduced salivary flow in hypertensive patients. Oral Dis 2023; 29:1299-1311. [PMID: 34839577 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the risk factors associated with xerostomia and hyposalivation in a group of hypertensive patients. SUBJECTS AND METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted. Hypertensive patients belonged to two healthcare centers were included. Xerostomia was assessed by asking a question and using the Xerostomia Inventory. Unstimulated salivary flow was collected. Different epidemiological variables were analyzed such as age, sex, habits, diseases, drugs, and blood pressure. RESULTS 221 individuals were included. Xerostomia was reported in 51.13% of patients. Patients with xerostomia suffered more from osteoarthritis and diaphragmatic hernia. These patients took more anticoagulants (acenocoumarol), antiarrhythmics (amiodarone), analgesics (paracetamol) and epilepsy drugs (pregabalin) and less platelet aggregation inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers (losartan). Unstimulated flow was reduced in 37.56% of patients. Patients suffering hyposalivation presented more diseases such as anxiety, infectious or parasitic diseases, hepatitis C, diaphragmatic hernia, and osteoarthritis. These patients took more repaglinide, thiazides, anti-inflammatories, anti-rheumatics, glucosamine, diazepam, and selective beta-2-adrenoreceptor agonists and less combinations of candesartan and diuretics. CONCLUSIONS Xerostomia and hyposalivation are frequent in hypertensive patients. It is advisable to take into consideration the comorbidities and the drugs they receive, since they can increase the risk of these salivary disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Ramírez
- Department of Dental Clinical Specialties, ORALMED Research Group, School of Dentistry, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Sánchez
- Department of Dental Clinical Specialties, ORALMED Research Group, School of Dentistry, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Muñoz
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, School of Biomedical Science, European University of Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Gonzalo Hernández
- Department of Dental Clinical Specialties, ORALMED Research Group, School of Dentistry, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa María López-Pintor
- Department of Dental Clinical Specialties, ORALMED Research Group, School of Dentistry, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
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Bargues-Navarro G, Ibáñez-del Valle V, El Mlili N, Cauli O. Salivary Biomarkers Associated with Psychological Alterations in Patients with Diabetes: A Systematic Review. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2022; 58:medicina58081091. [PMID: 36013558 PMCID: PMC9416232 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58081091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The care of individuals with diabetes needs a holistic perspective, taking into account both the physical disease and the mental health problems that may be associated. Different studies show a higher prevalence of depression or anxiety issues in diabetes patients than in the general population, which is why diabetes can be considered one of the chronic diseases in which psychological care is crucial to maintain quality of life. The objective of this review is to examine the published articles that relate the bidirectional associations between objective and subjective measures of anxiety, depressive symptomatology, stress, sleep quality, and salivary biomarkers in patients with diabetes. For this, a search was carried out in the electronic databases PubMed, Cochrane, and SCOPUS using the keywords "diabetes", "saliva", "sleep", "anxiety", "depression", and "stress" for works published up until May 2022 and limited to the English and Spanish languages. The sample comprised 14 articles, 5 of which analysed the associations between depressive symptomatology and salivary biomarkers in people with diabetes. Among the salivary biomarkers most frequently used to evaluate psychological alterations in persons with diabetes are cortisol and melatonin. Thus, significant changes in the levels of these biomarkers were observed in most studies. Four out of five studies reported a statistically significant relationship between increased salivary cortisol in the evening/midnight or the cortisol awakening response and depressive symptoms. In contrast, lower cortisol levels upon waking in the morning were observed when there was no depression or anxiety. Regarding the association between salivary cortisol values and sleep quality in patients with diabetes, lower morning cortisol values related to prolonged nighttime sleep were common in the analysed studies. Low melatonin concentrations showed a negative correlation with sleep quality. As it is an easy-to-apply and non-invasive method, the measurement of salivary biomarkers can be very useful for predicting psychological alterations in patients with diabetes. Further scientific studies are required to determine the sensitivity of these biological substances acting as biomarkers for detecting sleep disorders and psychological alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Bargues-Navarro
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Podiatry, University of Valencia, Avda Menéndez Pidal 19, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Vanessa Ibáñez-del Valle
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Podiatry, University of Valencia, Avda Menéndez Pidal 19, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Frailty and Cognitive Impairment Organized Group (FROG), University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Chair of Active Ageing, University of Valencia, 4610 Valencia, Spain
| | - Nisrin El Mlili
- Higher Institute of Nursing Professions and Health Techniques (ISPITS), Tetouan 93000, Morocco
- Department of Biology and Health, Faculty of Sciences, University Abdelmalek Essâadi, Tetouan 93000, Morocco
| | - Omar Cauli
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Podiatry, University of Valencia, Avda Menéndez Pidal 19, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Frailty and Cognitive Impairment Organized Group (FROG), University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Chair of Active Ageing, University of Valencia, 4610 Valencia, Spain
- Correspondence:
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Marques RCR, da Silva JR, Vieira Lima CP, Stefani CM, Damé-Teixeira N. Salivary parameters of adults with diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2022; 134:176-189. [PMID: 35725961 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2022.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Among the oral manifestations of diabetes mellitus (DM), salivary alterations stand out when considering that they can be linked to environmental changes that prompt other oral diseases. This study aimed to compare whether salivary parameters such as salivary flow, ionic composition, pH, and buffer capacity are altered in adults with DM. STUDY DESIGN A literature search was performed in 8 databases and the gray literature. Observational and clinical studies with populations >30 years old were included. The methodological quality of individual studies was assessed, 7 meta-analyses were performed, and the certainty of evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations approach (protocol registered at PROSPERO-CRD42021214632). RESULTS Of the 5,816 titles retrieved, 22 observational studies were included, representing a total of 1,202 individuals with DM and 946 normoglycemic control subjects. Individuals with DM had significantly lower unstimulated (mean difference [Md] = 0.13 mL/min; CI = 0.06-0.2; P = .0005) and stimulated (Md = 0.44 mL/min; CI = 0.13-0.75; P = .005) salivary flow rates, a lower pH when evaluated with electrodes (Md = 0.45; CI = 0.19-0.71; P = .0007), and a higher salivary urea (standard Md = 1.52; CI = 0.19-2.85; P = .03). No significant differences were found in the other parameters. CONCLUSIONS Although the certainty of evidence was low because of the type of studies included, this review indicated salivary alterations in individuals with DM, such as hyposalivation, pH, and urea concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Cristine Miron Stefani
- Department of Dentistry, School of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Naile Damé-Teixeira
- Department of Dentistry, School of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil.
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Al-Serwi RH, El-Kersh AOFO, El-Akabawy G. Human dental pulp stem cells attenuate streptozotocin-induced parotid gland injury in rats. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:577. [PMID: 34775989 PMCID: PMC8591949 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02646-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Diabetes mellitus causes deterioration in the body, including serious damage of the oral cavity related to salivary gland dysfunction, characterised by hyposalivation and xerostomia. Human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) represent a promising therapy source, due to the easy, minimally invasive surgical access to these cells and their high proliferative capacity. It was previously reported that the trophic support mediated by these cells can rescue the functional and structural alterations of damaged salivary glands. However, potential differentiation and paracrine effects of hDPSCs in diabetic-induced parotid gland damage have not been investigated. Our study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects of intravenous transplantation of hDPSCs on parotid gland injury in a rat model of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 1 diabetes. METHODS Thirty Sprague-Dawley male rats were randomly categorised into three groups: control, diabetic (STZ), and transplanted (STZ + hDPSCs). The hDPSCs or the vehicles were injected into the rats' tail veins, 7 days after STZ injection. Fasting blood glucose levels were monitored weekly. A glucose tolerance test was performed, and the parotid gland weight, salivary flow rate, oxidative stress indices, parotid gland histology, and caspase-3, vascular endothelial growth factor, proliferating cell nuclear antigen, neuronal nitric oxide synthase, endothelial nitric oxide synthase, and tetrahydrobiopterin biosynthetic enzyme expression levels in parotid tissues were assessed 28 days post-transplantation. RESULTS Transplantation of hDPSCs decreased blood glucose, improved parotid gland weight and salivary flow rate, and reduced oxidative stress. The cells migrated to the STZ-injured parotid gland and differentiated into acinar, ductal, and myoepithelial cells. Moreover, hDPSCs downregulated the expression of caspase-3 and upregulated the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and proliferating cell nuclear antigen, likely exerting pro-angiogenic and anti-apoptotic effects and promoting endogenous regeneration. In addition, the transplanted cells enhanced the parotid nitric oxide-tetrahydrobiopterin pathway. CONCLUSIONS Our results showed that hDPSCs migrated to and survived within the STZ-injured parotid gland, where functional and morphological damage was prevented due to the restoration of normal glucose levels, differentiation into parotid cell populations, and stimulation of paracrine-mediated regeneration. Thus, hDPSCs may have potential in the treatment of diabetes-induced parotid gland injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha H Al-Serwi
- Oral Basic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Oral Biology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | | | - Gehan El-Akabawy
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt.
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Al-Maweri SA, Altayyar MO, AlQahtani KW, Bamasud MS, AlGhamdi OY, Ashraf S, Eshky R, Ba-Hattab R, Kassim S. Xerostomia, Salivary Flow, and Oral Health Status Among Saudi Diabetic Patients: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study. Clin Cosmet Investig Dent 2021; 13:451-458. [PMID: 34764700 PMCID: PMC8577274 DOI: 10.2147/ccide.s337581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with numerous oral complications, including frequent oral infections, periodontal diseases, hyposalivation, and xerostomia. The present study aimed to investigate salivary flow rate, xerostomia, and oral health status among a group of Saudi diabetic patients as compared to healthy controls. Patients and Methods This comparative cross-sectional study involved 50 diabetic patients (aged between 15 and 70 years) and 53 age- and gender-matched healthy controls. Data collection was carried out using a structured questionnaire and clinical examination of oral health status, which included salivary flow rates, saliva pH, tooth loss, plaque accumulation, and gingival health. Independent t-tests, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and chi-square tests were performed to compare between groups. Results The results revealed a statistically significant lower salivary flow (0.33 ± 0.16 vs 0.59 ± 0.54; p = 0.002) and lower saliva pH (6.36 ± 0.49 vs 6.58 ± 0.39; p = 0.014) in diabetic patients than in the control group. A higher proportion of diabetic subjects (60%) self-reported having xerostomia compared to controls (52%), but the findings were statistically non-significant. Additionally, the results revealed slightly poorer oral health and greater tooth loss among DM patients, although the results did not attain a significant difference (P > 0.05). Conclusion The findings of the present study demonstrate poor oral health and a high prevalence of xerostomia among Saudi diabetic patients. Oral health education should therefore be promoted in this group of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadeq A Al-Maweri
- College of Dental Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | | | | | - Maryam Saleh Bamasud
- Department of Dentistry, Saudi Ministry of Health, Sakaka city, Jouf Region, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ohud Yanalah AlGhamdi
- Department of Dentistry, Saudi Ministry of Health, Khobar, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sajna Ashraf
- Department of Oral Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Vision Colleges, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rawah Eshky
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raidan Ba-Hattab
- College of Dental Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Saba Kassim
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia
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Pavesi VCS, Martins MD, Coracin FL, Sousa AS, Pereira BJ, Prates RA, da Silva JF, Gonçalves MLL, Bezerra CDS, Bussadori SK, Varellis MLZ, Deana AM. Effects of photobiomodulation in salivary glands of chronic kidney disease patients on hemodialysis. Lasers Med Sci 2021; 36:1209-1217. [PMID: 33745088 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-020-03158-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This randomized placebo-controlled trial evaluates the impact of photobiomodulation (PBMT) on the salivary flow and biochemistry of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) on hemodialysis. Forty-four patients on hemodialysis self-responded two questionnaires for oral health and salivary gland function perception. The subjects were evaluated for function of salivary glands and randomly allocated to two groups: PBMT group (three irradiations at 808 nm, 100 mW, 142 J/cm2, and 4 J per site); and placebo group. Patients were submitted to non-stimulated and stimulated sialometry and after the treatment at baseline and 14 days. Salivary volume and biochemical of the saliva were analyzed. At baseline, most subjects had self-perception of poor oral health (52.6%) and salivary dysfunction (63.1%). Clinical exam revealed that 47.3% of subjects presented dry mucosa. PBMT promoted increase of the non-stimulated (p = 0.027) and stimulated saliva (p = 0.014) and decrease of urea levels in both non-stimulated (p = 0.0001) and stimulated saliva (p = 0.0001). No alteration was detected in total proteins and calcium analysis. Patients with kidney disease can present alteration in flow, concentrations, and composition of saliva, affecting oral health, but our findings suggest that PBMT is effective to improve hyposalivation and urea levels in saliva of patients with CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Manoela Domingues Martins
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), R. Ramiro Barcelos, 2492 Santa Cecilia, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Fábio Luiz Coracin
- Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), R. vergueiro, 235 Liberdade, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Aline Silva Sousa
- Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), R. vergueiro, 235 Liberdade, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Benedito Jorge Pereira
- Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), R. vergueiro, 235 Liberdade, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Renato Araújo Prates
- Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), R. vergueiro, 235 Liberdade, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Sandra Kalil Bussadori
- Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), R. vergueiro, 235 Liberdade, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Alessandro Melo Deana
- Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), R. vergueiro, 235 Liberdade, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Diep MT, Jensen JL, Skudutyte-Rysstad R, Young A, Sødal ATT, Petrovski BÉ, Hove LH. Xerostomia and hyposalivation among a 65-yr-old population living in Oslo, Norway. Eur J Oral Sci 2021; 129:e12757. [PMID: 33501713 PMCID: PMC7986810 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to describe the prevalence and associated factors for xerostomia and hyposalivation in a young‐elderly population. A random sample of 460 65‐yr‐old people living in Oslo, Norway, answered a questionnaire and underwent a clinical examination (237 men and 223 women; response rate 58%). Ten percent of respondents reported xerostomia. The median Summated Xerostomia Index was 6 (interquartile range [IQR]: 5–7) and the median Clinical Oral Dryness Score was 2 (IQR: 1–3). The median unstimulated whole saliva (UWS) secretion rate was 0.34 (IQR: 0.20–0.53) mL min–1 and the median stimulated whole saliva (SWS) secretion rate was 1.74 (IQR: 1.24–2.38) mL min–1. In 8% of the study participants the UWS secretion rate was ≤0.1 mL min–1 and in 4% the SWS secretion rate was ≤0.7 mL min–1. Three percent of the study participants had both xerostomia and hyposalivation with respect to UWS. Xerostomia was significantly associated with medication use, having rheumatic disease, and having received radiation therapy to the head/neck region. Hyposalivation with respect to UWS and SWS was significantly associated with medication use and type II diabetes. Even though xerostomia and hyposalivation were not prevalent conditions in this population, clinicians should be especially aware of the salivary conditions in patients taking four or more medications, patients diagnosed with type II diabetes, and those who have undergone radiation therapy to the head/neck region.
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Affiliation(s)
- My Tien Diep
- Department of Cariology and Gerodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Janicke Liaaen Jensen
- Department of Oral Surgery and Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Rasa Skudutyte-Rysstad
- Department of Cariology and Gerodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Alix Young
- Department of Cariology and Gerodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne Thea Tveit Sødal
- Department of Cariology and Gerodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Lene Hystad Hove
- Department of Cariology and Gerodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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12
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Alqerban A. Levels of proinflammatory chemokines and advanced glycation end products in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment. Angle Orthod 2021; 91:105-110. [PMID: 33289806 PMCID: PMC8032277 DOI: 10.2319/051120-420.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore the effect of diabetic status on the proinflammatory chemokine profile and levels of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) derived from patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two groups, nondiabetic and T2DM, were included. Their demographics, biochemical parameters including hemoglobin A1c, fasting blood glucose, body mass index, and oral hygiene status were recorded. GCF sampling was performed after 2 months of placement of stainless steel archwires and chemokines (primary outcome) were quantified using Human Magnetic Luminex multiplex assay. Secondary outcomes were assessment of clinical periodontal status, unstimulated whole saliva flow rate, and GCF flow rate. RESULTS Twenty participants each in the nondiabetic (mean age: 26.4 years) and T2DM (mean age: 27.2 years) groups gave consent to participate. Biochemical analysis showed significantly increased values for hemoglobin A1c (P < .001), fasting blood glucose (P < .0001), body mass index(P = .047), and unstimulated whole saliva flow rate (P = .041) for the T2DM group. Bleeding on probing was significantly higher in participants with T2DM than nondiabetic participants (P = .039). Resistin (P = .034) and AGEs (P = .017) showed significantly higher values in participants with T2DM than nondiabetic participants. Pearson correlation analysis indicated a significant positive correlation between resistin (r = 0.1372; P = .022) and AGEs (r = 0.0194; P = .0186) against bleeding on probing in participants with T2DM. CONCLUSIONS The biochemical profile of GCF samples from participants with T2DM after alignment demonstrated higher levels of resistin and AGEs. The data suggest the presence of a proinflammatory response in patients with T2DM undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment.
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An investigation to determine the association of burning mouth syndrome-like symptoms with diabetic peripheral neuropathy in patients with type II diabetes. JOURNAL OF ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY MEDICINE AND PATHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajoms.2020.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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14
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Gabardo MCL, Kublitski PMDO, Sette IR, Lauschner T, Juglair MM, Baratto-Filho F, Brancher JA, Michel-Crosato E. Sialometric and Sialochemical Analysis in Individuals With Pulp Stones. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:403. [PMID: 32596238 PMCID: PMC7303886 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze the saliva of patients with pulp stones, with sialometric and sialochemical tests. Eighty individuals, aged between18 and 65 years, of both sexes, were investigated. Patients were included in the pulp stone group when radiographic examination was suggestive of pulp stones in at least one permanent tooth, whereas those without this alteration were considered controls. Saliva was collected by stimulation, followed by salivary flowrate (SFR) and pH analysis tests. The organic components, such as urea (URE), glucose (GLU), total proteins (TPTs), alkaline phosphatase, creatinine (CRE), salivary amylase (SAM), and uric acid (URA), and the inorganic components, such as calcium, iron, and phosphorus, were evaluated by colorimetric techniques in an ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) spectrophotometer. Differences among pulp stones and control groups were compared using Student’s t-test, with a significance level of p < 0.05. In both groups prevailed the female. Statistically significant differences between groups were observed for pH (p = 0.027), SFR (p = 0.002), alkaline phosphatase (p = 0.008), and URA (p = 0.005). None of the inorganic components showed significant difference (p > 0.05). In the analyses stratified by sex, difference between groups was observed for pH (p = 0.007) and URA (p = 0.003) in women. In conclusion, sialometric and sialochemical alterations occurred in patients with pulp stones, with significantly higher levels of pH, SFR, alkaline phosphatase, and URA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Thaís Lauschner
- School of Health Sciences, Universidade Positivo, Curitiba, Brazil
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15
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Jian C, Zhao A, Ma X, Ge K, Lu W, Zhu W, Wang Y, Zhou J, Jia W, Bao Y. Diabetes Screening: Detection and Application of Saliva 1,5-Anhydroglucitol by Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 105:5805160. [PMID: 32170297 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Unlike other commonly used invasive blood glucose-monitoring methods, saliva detection prevents patients from suffering physical uneasiness. However, there are few studies on saliva 1,5-anhydroglucitol (1,5-AG) in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of saliva 1,5-AG in diabetes screening in a Chinese population. DESIGN AND PARTICIPANTS This was a population-based cross-sectional study. A total of 641 subjects without a valid diabetic history were recruited from September 2018 to June 2019. Saliva 1,5-AG was measured with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES DM was defined per American Diabetes Association criteria. The efficiency of saliva 1,5-AG for diabetes screening was analyzed by receiver operating characteristic curves, and the optimal cutoff point was determined according to the Youden index. RESULTS Saliva 1,5-AG levels in subjects with DM were lower than those in subjects who did not have DM (both P < .05). Saliva 1,5-AG was positively correlated with serum 1,5-AG and negatively correlated with blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) (all P < .05). The optimal cutoff points of saliva 1,5-AG0 and 1,5-AG120 for diabetes screening were 0.436 μg/mL (sensitivity: 63.58%, specificity: 60.61%) and 0.438 μg/mL (sensitivity: 62.25%, specificity: 60.41%), respectively. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) combined with fasting saliva 1,5-AG reduced the proportion of people who required an oral glucose tolerance test by 47.22% compared with FPG alone. CONCLUSION Saliva 1,5-AG combined with FPG or HbA1c improved the efficiency of diabetes screening. Saliva 1,5-AG is robust in nonfasting measurements and a noninvasive and convenient tool for diabetes screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaohui Jian
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, China
| | - Aihua Zhao
- Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojing Ma
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, China
| | - Kun Ge
- Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Lu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, China
| | - Yufei Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Jia
- Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Yuqian Bao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, China
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Huang Y, Mao QY, Shi XJ, Cong X, Zhang Y, Wu LL, Yu GY, Xiang RL. Disruption of tight junctions contributes to hyposalivation of salivary glands in a mouse model of type 2 diabetes. J Anat 2020; 237:556-567. [PMID: 32374057 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tight junction (TJ) plays an important role in regulating paracellular fluid transport in salivary glands; however, little is known about the involvement of TJs in diabetes salivary glands. This study aimed to investigate the alterations of TJs and their possible contribution in diabetes-induced hyposalivation. Here, we observed that the morphologies of submandibular glands (SMGs) were impaired, characterized by enlarged acini accumulation with giant secretory granules, which were significantly reduced in atrophic ducts in SMGs of db/db mice, a spontaneous model of type-2 diabetes. However, the secretory granules were increased and scattered in the acini of diabetes parotid glands (PGs). Other ultrastructural damages including swollen mitochondria, expansive endoplasmic reticulum, and autophagosomes were observed in the diabetes group. The levels of TJ proteins including claudin-1 (Cldn1) and claudin-3 (Cldn3) were increased, whereas those of claudin-4 (Cldn4), occludin (Ocln), and zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) were decreased in SMGs of db/db mice. Higher Cldn1 and Cldn3 and lower claudin-10 (Cldn10) and Ocln levels were observed in PGs of diabetes mice. Taken together, the structures of SMGs and PGs were impaired in diabetes mice, and the disruption of TJ integrity in both SMGs and PGs may contribute to diabetes-induced hyposalivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Huang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Qian-Ying Mao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Xi-Jin Shi
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Cong
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Ling Wu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing, China
| | - Guang-Yan Yu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Ruo-Lan Xiang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing, China
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Ramírez Martínez-Acitores L, Hernández Ruiz de Azcárate F, Casañas E, Serrano J, Hernández G, López-Pintor RM. Xerostomia and Aalivary Flow in Patients Taking Antihypertensive Drugs. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E2478. [PMID: 32260482 PMCID: PMC7177425 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17072478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The aims of this systematic review are (1) to compare the prevalence of xerostomia and hyposalivation between patients taking antihypertensive drugs with a control group (CG), (2) to compare salivary flow rate between patients treated with a CG, and (3) to identify which antihypertensives produce xerostomia. This systematic review was carried out according to the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. To evaluate methodological quality of the eligible studies Cochrane Collaboration tool for assessing the risk of bias for clinical trials and the modified Newcastle-Ottawa scale case-control studies were used. The databases were searched for studies up to November 19th 2019. The search strategy yielded 6201 results and 13 publications were finally included (five clinical trials and eight case-control studies). The results of the included studies did not provide evidence to state that patients taking antihypertensives suffer more xerostomia or hyposalivation than patients not taking them. With regard to salivary flow, only two clinical studies showed a significant decrease in salivary flow and even one showed a significant increase after treatment. The case-control studies showed great variability in salivary flow, but in this case most studies showed how salivary flow is lower in patients medicated with antihypertensive drugs. The great variability of antihypertensive drugs included, the types of studies and the outcomes collected made it impossible to study which antihypertensive drug produces more salivary alterations. The quality assessment showed how each of the studies was of low methodological quality. Therefore, future studies about this topic are necessary to confirm whether antihypertensive drugs produce salivary alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Rosa María López-Pintor
- Department of Dental Clinical Specialities. ORALMED Research Group. School of Dentistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (L.R.M.-A.); (F.H.R.d.A.); (E.C.); (J.S.); (G.H.)
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Chapuis J, Siu-Paredes F, Pavageau C, Amador G, Rude N, Denis F. Anticholinergic Drugs and Oral Health-related Quality of Life in Patients with Schizophrenia: A Pilot Study. Transl Neurosci 2020; 11:10-16. [PMID: 32104590 PMCID: PMC7029653 DOI: 10.1515/tnsci-2020-0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to explore, in a sample population of people with schizophrenia (PWS), the role of the anticholinergic burden on the perception of oral health-related quality of life (OHrQoL) in France. METHODS A pilot study was performed between March 2014 and January 2016. PWS were recruited from a population in Côte d'Or department in France. Dental status was investigated using the Decayed, Missing, or Filled Teeth (DMFT) index, the Xerostomia Index (XI), and the Global Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI) for OHrQoL. The anticholinergic impregnation score was recorded using the anticholinergic impregnation scale (AIS). RESULTS A sample of 62 people was selected. The DMFT score was 16.5± 8.7, the XI score was 22.9±7.8, the GOHAI score was 43.0±8.8, and the AIS score was 3.1±2.8. In total, 169 drugs were prescribed to the people of our sample, and 114 different anticholinergic drugs were observed. The most frequently used anticholinergic drugs (51.40%), in the study had a low antimuscarinic potency (1 point according to AIS scale). The multiple linear regression model showed that the OHrQoL scores were significantly lower when the DMFT scores, XI score, and anticholinergic scores were high. CONCLUSIONS This pilot study highlighted the potential role of the anticholinergic burden on the OHrQoL of PWS. A study with a validated specific scale for the OHrQoL and a standard anticholinergic burden scale should be conducted to clarify the role of anticholinergic drugs on the OHrQoL for PWS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine Chapuis
- University Hospital of Tours ,Odontology Department, 37170Chambray-lès-Tours, France
| | - Francesca Siu-Paredes
- EA 481 Integrative Neurosciences and Clinical. University Hospital of Besançon, 25000Besançon, France
- Université Champagne Ardenne. Faculté d’odontologie de Reims, 51100Reims, France
| | - Claire Pavageau
- University Hospital of Tours. Service d’odontologie du CHU de Tours, 37170Chambray-lès-Tours, France
| | - Gilles Amador
- Université de Nantes, Faculté d'Odontologie de Nantes, 44000Nantes, France
| | - Nathalie Rude
- EA 481 Integrative Neurosciences and Clinical. University Hospital of Besançon, 25000Besançon, France
| | - Frédéric Denis
- University Hospital of Tours ,Odontology Department, 37170Chambray-lès-Tours, France
- Université de Nantes, Faculté d'Odontologie de Nantes, 44000Nantes, France
- EA 75-05 Education, Ethique, Santé. Université de Tours, Faculté de Médecine, 37032Tours, France
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Afsaneh Abadi P, Koopaie M, Montazeri R. Comparison of salivary nitric oxide and oral health in diabetic patients with and without xerostomia. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2020; 14:11-15. [PMID: 31809967 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2019.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic multi-systemic metabolic disorder; diabetic patients are more prone to xerostomia and oral health problems than others. There are evidences that nitric oxide (NO) plays an important role in healthy salivary gland function, prevention of insulin resistance and progression of diabetes mellitus. The aim of this study was to compare the salivary NO level between type 2 diabetic (T2DM) patients with and without xerostomia. METHODS In this case control study, 70 patients with T2DM, which were matched according to age, sex, type of disease control, were enrolled conveniently. The subjects based on abeslang test were allocated to the two groups; 35 patients with xerostomia and 35 patients without xerostomia. Unstimulated whole saliva was collected by spitting method. NO levels was measured by ELISA method using Griess reaction. Data was analyzed using t-test, ANOVA and logistic regression analysis to examine the association of salivary NO and xerostomia. RESULTS The mean and standard deviation of salivary NO in the diabetic subjects with xerostomia was significantly lower than diabetic subjects without xerostomia (138 ± 94.58 μmol/L vs. 356.61 ± 302.81 μmol/L (P-value = 0.001). In logistic regression analysis, salivary NO level was associated with 0.994 fold decreased risk of xerostomia in diabetic subjects after adjustment for age, gender, FBS and HbA1c. CONCLUSIONS The present study indicates salivary nitric oxide level was a predictor of xerostomia in diabetic patients. More longitudinal studies are necessary to understand the association of salivary NO level with diabetes-induced xerostomia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maryam Koopaie
- Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Roshanak Montazeri
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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20
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Does oral dryness influence pressure pain sensitivity in the oral mucosa of removable denture wearers? Clin Oral Investig 2019; 24:2603-2609. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-019-03118-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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21
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Borgnakke WS. IDF Diabetes Atlas: Diabetes and oral health - A two-way relationship of clinical importance. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2019; 157:107839. [PMID: 31520714 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2019.107839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The current scientific evidence for the bi-directional associations between oral health and diabetes is summarized. The universal biologic mechanisms and demographic and behavioral risk drivers underlying these associations in both directions are also described. Dysglycemia, even slightly elevated blood sugar levels, adversely affects oral health, manifesting itself in several oral diseases and conditions. In the opposite direction, any oral infection with its subsequent local and systemic inflammatory responses adversely affects blood glucose levels. Moreover, painful, mobile, or missing teeth may lead to intake of soft food items representing a sub-optimal diet and hence poor nutrition, and thereby contribute to incident type 2 diabetes or to poorer glucose control in existing diabetes. Treatment of inflammation related oral conditions, such as non-surgical periodontal treatment and extraction of infected teeth, can lead to a clinically significant decrease in blood glucose levels. Attention to infectious oral diseases and referral to dental care professionals for treatment can therefore be an important novel tool for medical care professionals in preventing and managing diabetes mellitus. Dental professionals can detect unrecognized potential dysglycemia and refer for medical examination. Such interprofessional, patient centered care may contribute to improved health, wellbeing, and quality of life in people with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenche S Borgnakke
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, 1011 North University Avenue Rm# 3060, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1078, USA.
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Arakelyan MG, Polyakova MA, Babina KS, Novozhilova NE, Margaryan EG, Doroshina VY, Arzukanyan AV, Makeeva MK. Qualitative and Quantitative Evaluation of the Efficiency of the Application of Foams with False Xerostomia. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent 2019; 9:403-408. [PMID: 31516875 PMCID: PMC6714412 DOI: 10.4103/jispcd.jispcd_191_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: Xerostomia syndrome is a significant medical and social problem. It is manifested by objective and subjective symptoms of a “dry mouth” and a decrease in sialometry. The aim of the study was to determine the dental status of students of different nationalities, to identify xerostomia induced on a background of stress, and to assess the effectiveness of the use of moisturizing foams in alleviating xerostomia. Materials and Methods: A prospective cohort study survey (Fox test) of 100 students of the dental faculty was conducted to detect false xerostomia. The study involved 60 people with false xerostomia, divided into four groups of 15 each according to the nationality. The level of oral hygiene was determined using the Simplified Oral Hygiene and Silness-Loe indices and the rate of salivation was assessed with sialometry method by Pozharitskaya. Oral hygiene instructions were given to the participants. They were to apply moisturizing foams with lactoferrin, lactoperoxidase, and aloe vera, two–three times during the day for 3 weeks. A set of statistical programs was used (Microsoft Excel [2007] and the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences [SPSS], version 23) to perform Kolmogorov–Smirnov, Shapiro–Wilk, Kruskal–Wallis, and Wilcoxon tests. Results: A statistically significant improvement in oral hygiene was observed in all study participants. A significant increase was detected in the rate of salivation in students from Russia (P = 0.005), Transcaucasian countries (P = 0.006), and Arab countries (P = 0.005). Conclusion: It has been established that the use of moisturizing foam has a positive effect on the rate of salivation and improves the level of oral hygiene, thereby improving the quality of life for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna G Arakelyan
- Department of Therapeutic Dentistry, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Institute of Dentistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria A Polyakova
- Department of Therapeutic Dentistry, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Institute of Dentistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ksenia S Babina
- Department of Therapeutic Dentistry, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Institute of Dentistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nina E Novozhilova
- Department of Therapeutic Dentistry, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Institute of Dentistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - Edita G Margaryan
- Department of Therapeutic Dentistry, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Institute of Dentistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladlena Y Doroshina
- Department of Therapeutic Dentistry, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Institute of Dentistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alina V Arzukanyan
- Department of Therapeutic Dentistry, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Institute of Dentistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria K Makeeva
- Department of Therapeutic Dentistry, People's Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia
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The association between visual impairment and dental care utilization in the Korean elderly. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2019; 81:18-24. [PMID: 30476806 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2018.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Individuals with visual impairment cannot recognize early-stage oral diseases, thus fail to receive prompt treatment. AIMS To evaluate the association between visual impairment and dental care utilization in patients aged ≥65 years. DESIGN Retrospective analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS We analyzed annual pooled data collected by the Korean Health Panel between 2011 and 2014; a total of 1472 patients and 13,285 dental visits were analyzed. Visual impairment was categorized as follows: normal vision, moderate vision impairment, and severe vision impairment. Dental treatments were categorized as conservative, prosthodontic, implant, periodontal, surgical, preventive, or others. All data were statistically analyzed using a negative binomial regression. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Frequency of dental care utilization. RESULTS Approximately 50% of the subjects had visual impairment. The frequency of dental care utilization for patients with severe vision impairment was 41% less than patients with normal vision. The dental care utilization for implant treatment was two times higher and periodontal treatment was 1.7 times lower than the conservative treatments among patients who reported moderate and severe vision impairment, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Visual impairment has a negative association with dental care utilization among older adults. It is imperative to implement systematic interventions to prevent visual impairment from becoming a barrier to dental care in this population.
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Kunin A, Polivka J, Moiseeva N, Golubnitschaja O. "Dry mouth" and "Flammer" syndromes-neglected risks in adolescents and new concepts by predictive, preventive and personalised approach. EPMA J 2018; 9:307-317. [PMID: 30174766 DOI: 10.1007/s13167-018-0145-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Background "Dry mouth" syndrome (chronic hyposalivation) can be caused by a number of pathophysiological conditions such as acute and chronic stress exposure, abnormal body weight (both too high and too low ones), eating disorders (such as anorexia nervosa), metabolic syndrome(s), Sjögren's and Sicca syndromes, drugs and head/neck radiotherapy application. In turn, the chronic hyposalivation as a suboptimal health condition significantly reduces quality of life, may indicate a systemic dehydration, provokes and contributes to a number of pathologies such as a strongly compromised protection of the oral cavity, chronic infections and inflammatory processes, periodontitis, voice and digestive disorders. Consequently, "dry mouth" syndrome might be extremely useful as an indicator for an in-depth diagnostics of both-co-existing and snowballing health-threating conditions. However, predictive diagnostics, targeted prevention and personalisation of treatments are evidently underdeveloped for individuals at high risk suffering from the "dry mouth" syndrome. Working hypothesis and methodology In the current study, we have hypothesised that individuals demonstrating "Flammer syndrome" (FS) phenotype may suffer from the "dry mouth" syndrome more frequently, due to disturbed microcirculation, psychological factors (obsessional personality/perfectionism), and diminished feeling of thirst with consequently insufficient daily liquid intake potentially resulting in the systemic dehydration with individually pronounced level of severity. If confirmed, FS phenotyping linked to the chronic hyposalivation might be predictive for individuals at risk identified by innovative screening programmes. To verify the working hypothesis, healthy individuals (negative control group) versus individuals with evident hyposalivation as well as patients diagnosed with periodontitis (positive control group) observed and treated at the dental clinic were investigated. The degree to which an individual is affected by hyposalivation was determined by the Bother xerostomia Index utilising a questionnaire of 10 issue-specific items and monitoring of a typically matt roof of the mouth in dental practice. An extent to which individuals included in the study are the carriers of the FS phenotype was estimated by the specialised 15-item questionnaire. Results and conclusions For both-the target group (hyposalivation) and positive control group (periodontitis)-FS phenotype was demonstrated to be more specific compared to the disease-free (negative control) group. Moreover, self-reports provided by interviewed adolescents of the target group frequently recorded remarkable discomfort related to "dry mouth" syndrome, acute and chronic otorhinolaryngological infections and even delayed wound healing. Further, interviewed adolescents do worry about the symptoms which might be indicative for potential diseases; they are also amazed that too little attention is currently paid to the issue by caregivers. In conclusion, FS questionnaire linked to the "dry mouth" syndrome is strongly recommended for application in primary healthcare. Consequently, targeted preventive measures can be triggered early in life. For example, traditional, complementary and alternative medicine demonstrates positive therapeutic effects in individuals suffering from xerostomia. For in-depth diagnostics, epi/genetic regulations involved into pathophysiologic mechanisms of hyposalivation in FS-affected individuals should be thoroughly investigated at molecular level. Identified biomarker panels might be of great clinical utility for predictive diagnostics and patient stratification that, further, would sufficiently improve personalised care to the patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Analtoly Kunin
- Dentistry Faculty, Departments of Maxillofacial Surgery and Hospital Dentistry, Voronezh N.N. Burdenko State Medical University, Voronezh, Russia
| | - Jiri Polivka
- 2Department of Histology and Embryology and Biomedical Centre, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.,3Department of Neurology, University Hospital Pilsen, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Natalia Moiseeva
- Dentistry Faculty, Departments of Maxillofacial Surgery and Hospital Dentistry, Voronezh N.N. Burdenko State Medical University, Voronezh, Russia
| | - Olga Golubnitschaja
- 4Radiological Clinic, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany.,5Breast Cancer Research Centre, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,6Centre for Integrated Oncology, Cologne-Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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