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Walsh-Childers K, Braddock J. Costs, Evidence, Context and Values: Journalists' and Policy Experts' Recommendations for U.S. Health Policy Coverage. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2022; 37:1778-1787. [PMID: 33941004 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2021.1920711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Health policy plays a critical role in determining a state's or nation's overall population health, and health system change has been a priority for a majority of Americans for at least a decade. News coverage can influence health policy development, but little research has examined the quality of that coverage, in part because no consensus exists regarding what information health policy stories should include. This paper describes a series of in-depth interviews with eight health policy experts and 12 experienced journalists who have covered health policy. While rejecting the notion of strict quality criteria that could be applied to all health policy stories, the interviewees agreed on several factors that would improve health policy coverage. They recommended that health policy stories should include information about financial costs to consumers, evidence that a policy will have its intended effect, historical context for the policy, and "relatable hooks" that help consumers understand which groups a policy will affect and how. In addition, the interviewees stressed the importance of building policy coverage on trustworthy sources representing multiple viewpoints and the need to recognize how audience members' values influence their acceptance and interpretation of evidence. These findings provide an important foundation for future research examining the impact of health policy reporting on both public opinion and public policy development.
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Colón-López V, Rivera-Figueroa V, Arroyo-Morales GO, Medina-Laabes DT, Soto-Abreu R, Rivera-Encarnación M, Díaz-Miranda OL, Ortiz AP, Wells KB, Vázquez-Otero C, Hull PC. Content analysis of digital media coverage of the human papillomavirus vaccine school-entry requirement policy in Puerto Rico. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:1286. [PMID: 34210308 PMCID: PMC8248762 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-11311-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In August 2018, Puerto Rico (PR) became the 4th state or territory in the United States to adopt a human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine school-entry requirement, for students 11–12 years old. Evidence suggests that the content of media coverage may impact people’s perception of HPV vaccine and their willingness to vaccinate. This study aimed to analyze the content of digital news coverage related to the implementation of the policy in PR. Methods A content review was conducted of digital media published from January 2017 through December 2018. The content reviewed was carried out in two steps: 1) creating a matrix to summarize each article’s content about the policy and 2) qualitative analysis using a grounded theory approach. Results The search resulted in 34 articles obtained from 17 online local and international news outlets that reported the policy's implementation. Analyses showed that 61% of the news articles did not mention the number of required doses, and 79% discussed the new policy concerning cancer prevention. In 2017, news coverage focused mostly on describing the policy, while 2018 coverage focused on controversies surrounding the implementation. Neutral emergent codes included: 1) Description of the policy; 2) Information about HPV related cancers; and 3) General information about HPV vaccine. Negative emergent codes included: 1) infringement to patient and parental autonomy; 2) Hesitancy from the political sector, and 3) Hesitancy from groups and coalitions. Positive content included: 1) knowledge and acceptance of HPV vaccine for cancer prevention; 2) importance of education and protective sexual behaviors; and 3) new vaccination law proposal. Conclusions Most of the media coverage in PR was neutral and included limited information related to the vaccine, HPV, and HPV-related cancers. Neutral and negative themes could influence public concerns regarding the new policy, as well as HPV vaccination rates in PR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Colón-López
- Puerto Rico Cancer Control and Population Sciences Division, University of Puerto Rico Comprehensive Cancer Center, PO Box 36302, San Juan, 00936-3027, Puerto Rico. .,Department of Health Services Administration, Evaluation Research of Health Systems Science Program, School of Public Health, Medical Science Campus, University of Puerto Rico, PO Box 365067, San Juan, 00936-5067, Puerto Rico.
| | - Vilnery Rivera-Figueroa
- Department of Health Services Administration, Evaluation Research of Health Systems Science Program, School of Public Health, Medical Science Campus, University of Puerto Rico, PO Box 365067, San Juan, 00936-5067, Puerto Rico
| | - Glizette O Arroyo-Morales
- Department of Health Services Administration, Evaluation Research of Health Systems Science Program, School of Public Health, Medical Science Campus, University of Puerto Rico, PO Box 365067, San Juan, 00936-5067, Puerto Rico
| | - Diana T Medina-Laabes
- Puerto Rico Cancer Control and Population Sciences Division, University of Puerto Rico Comprehensive Cancer Center, PO Box 36302, San Juan, 00936-3027, Puerto Rico
| | - Roxana Soto-Abreu
- Puerto Rico Cancer Control and Population Sciences Division, University of Puerto Rico Comprehensive Cancer Center, PO Box 36302, San Juan, 00936-3027, Puerto Rico
| | - Manuel Rivera-Encarnación
- Puerto Rico Cancer Control and Population Sciences Division, University of Puerto Rico Comprehensive Cancer Center, PO Box 36302, San Juan, 00936-3027, Puerto Rico
| | - Olga L Díaz-Miranda
- Puerto Rico Cancer Control and Population Sciences Division, University of Puerto Rico Comprehensive Cancer Center, PO Box 36302, San Juan, 00936-3027, Puerto Rico
| | - Ana P Ortiz
- Puerto Rico Cancer Control and Population Sciences Division, University of Puerto Rico Comprehensive Cancer Center, PO Box 36302, San Juan, 00936-3027, Puerto Rico.,Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, Medical Sciences Campus, University of Puerto Rico, PO Box 70184, San Juan, 00936-8184, Puerto Rico
| | - Katelyn B Wells
- Association of Immunization Managers, 620 Hungerford Dr. Suite 29, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Coralia Vázquez-Otero
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, NCI Postdoctoral Fellow, 450 Brookline Ave., LW 633, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Pamela C Hull
- Department of Behavioral Science, College of Medicine, Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, 2365 Harrodsburg Rd, Suite A230, Lexington, KY, 40504-3381, USA
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Arguments in favor of and against the HPV vaccine school-entry requirement in Puerto Rico: a content analysis of newspaper media. Cancer Causes Control 2021; 32:793-802. [PMID: 33913078 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-021-01431-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Vaccine requirements are effective population-based strategies to increase vaccination rates. In 2018, Puerto Rico's DOH announced that the HPV vaccine would be required for school entrance. This study explored arguments in favor of and against the HPV vaccine school-entry requirement in PR. METHODS We conducted a content analysis of two Puerto Rican newspapers. Articles (n = 286) published between 1/1/2015 and 7/31/2018 containing the Spanish terms for "HPV" and "human papillomavirus" were included. Data were summarized using descriptive statistics. Articles that mentioned the HPV vaccine school-entry requirement (n = 33) were reviewed qualitatively using applied thematic analysis. RESULTS The top five primary focus areas were education about HPV and the HPV vaccine, advertisements promoting the HPV vaccine, general vaccine information, cervical cancer and screening information, and the HPV vaccine school-entry requirement. Of the 33 articles that mentioned the requirement, 61% presented arguments in favor, 15% presented arguments against, 12% presented both arguments, and 12% only mentioned the existence of the requirement or were the DOH announcement. Arguments in favor centered on cancer prevention, high rates of HPV-associated cancers, and population wellness. Arguments against included worries about sexual transmission of HPV, HPV vaccine's side effects, issues related to the policy (e.g., mandatory), and lack of education. CONCLUSION Understanding reasons people support or oppose an HPV vaccine school-entry requirement is important for the policy processes to be successful. Education efforts must continue to change the HPV vaccine narrative. Messages should be crafted to educate and gain support among parents and stakeholders towards this population-based cancer prevention strategy.
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Constable C, Caplan A. Comparison of the implementation of human papillomavirus and hepatitis B vaccination programs in the United States: Implications for future vaccines. Vaccine 2019; 38:954-962. [PMID: 31843271 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.11.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Vaccines for two viruses which cause cancer, human papillomavirus (HPV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV), are recommended for all children in the United States. Numerous parallels exist between the two vaccines in addition to their roles in cancer prevention, including transmission through sexual contact, multiple doses needed for series completion, and vaccine administration in adolescence for HPV and in the initial phase of the HBV vaccination program. All of these factors were viewed as potential barriers to achieving high rates of coverage, yet the ultimate success of the HBV vaccination program led to predictions that similarly high rates of coverage could be achieved for the HPV vaccine. However, currently, only the recommendation for HBV vaccination is supported by mandates for school entry in most states. Uptake of the HPV vaccine has lagged far behind U.S. goals for public health promotion. The aim of this paper is to examine factors which may account for the divergent pathways of the two vaccines. Four main factors are identified: logistical challenges of vaccine administration, attitudes of parents and healthcare providers, safety concerns, and cost. For each factor examined, recommendations are offered to confront similar barriers likely to arise for future vaccines. The authors conclude that gender-neutral state mandates coupled with school-located vaccination programs, stronger gender-neutral messaging from pharmaceutical companies and healthcare providers, and younger age of vaccine administration, if approved, present the most promising approaches to improving uptake of the HPV vaccine, and similar vaccines down the road.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Constable
- Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, NY, NY, United States; Division of Ethics, Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, NY, NY, United States.
| | - Arthur Caplan
- Division of Ethics, Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, NY, NY, United States
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5
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Catalán-Matamoros D, Pariente A, Elías-Pérez C. What we know about media communication on antibiotics and antimicrobial resistance: A systematic review of the scientific literature. PATIENT EDUCATION AND COUNSELING 2019; 102:1427-1438. [PMID: 30981412 DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2019.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Systematically review the literature regarding media communication about antibiotics and anti-microbial resistance (AMR) to synthesise its key characteristics and impact effectiveness, identifying gaps and areas for further research. METHODS A comprehensive systematic review covering five international databases for articles published between 1st September 2008 and 1st September 2018 was performed using the registered protocol (PROSPERO: CRD42018116464). The search using terms related to media communication and antibiotics or AMR yielded 19 eligible studies, which were analysed and qualitatively synthesised. RESULTS Research on media communication regarding antibiotics or AMR has rapidly increased in the last decade. 74% of studies used a media content analysis method, while the remaining studies collected data via surveys. Print media were examined in 53% (n = 10), with 74% (n = 14) focused on English language media. CONCLUSION Currently, knowledge regarding media communication of antibiotics and AMR is very restricted to English-speaking print media. Further research is required to understand communication on this topic from other media (types and geographical regions) as well as how media effects attitude and behaviour change. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Better understanding of media communication regarding antibiotics and AMR may be crucial for policymakers and public health experts when planning strategies to tackle this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Catalán-Matamoros
- Department of Journalism and Communication, University Carlos III of Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Research Group of Health Sciences CTS-451, University of Almeria, Almeria, Spain.
| | - Antoine Pariente
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Carlos Elías-Pérez
- Department of Journalism and Communication, University Carlos III of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Catalan-Matamoros D, Santamaria-Ochoa CD, Peñafiel-Saiz C. Message analyses about vaccines in the print press, television and radio: characteristics and gaps in previous research. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/17538068.2019.1614377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Catalan-Matamoros
- Department of Journalism and Communication, University Carlos III of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Laboratory MICA-Media, Information, Communication, Arts, EA 4426, University Montaigne of Bordeaux, Pessac, France
- Research group of Health Sciences CTS-451, University of Almeria, Almeria, Spain
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Catalan-Matamoros D, Peñafiel-Saiz C. The Use of Traditional Media for Public Communication about Medicines: A Systematic Review of Characteristics and Outcomes. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2019; 34:415-423. [PMID: 29252009 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2017.1405485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A systematic review was conducted to identify, appraise, and synthesize data from original research investigating the use of traditional media for public communication about medicines. Databases were searched for studies conducting quantitative or qualitative analyses between the years 2007 and 2017. Data extraction and assessment of the quality of the resulting studies was conducted by one reviewer and checked for accuracy by a second reviewer. A total of 57 studies met the inclusion criteria. Studies were grouped as follows: "newspapers and other print media" (n = 42), "television" (n = 9), and "radio and a combination of media" (n = 6). Content analysis (n = 34) was the most frequent research design, followed by surveys or interviews (n = 14) and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) (n = 9). Advertising, public awareness, and health administration were the most common themes, and the medicines most analyzed were vaccines, particularly human papillomavirus (HPV) and influenza. Studies conducted in the United States were the most frequent, followed by other high-income countries such as Canada and the United Kingdom. The lack of consistent studies of the effects of media campaigns stresses the importance of the use of standardized research methodologies. Theoretical and practical implications of the findings for further research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Catalan-Matamoros
- a Department of Journalism and Communication , University Carlos III of Madrid , Getafe , Spain
- b Research Group of Health Sciences CTS-451 , University of Almeria , Almería , Spain
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Cook EE, Venkataramani AS, Kim JJ, Tamimi RM, Holmes MD. Legislation to Increase Uptake of HPV Vaccination and Adolescent Sexual Behaviors. Pediatrics 2018; 142:e20180458. [PMID: 30104422 PMCID: PMC6317562 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2018-0458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite preventive health benefits of the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination, uptake in the United States remains low. Twenty-four states have enacted legislation regarding HPV vaccination and education. One reason these policies have been controversial is because of concerns that they encourage risky adolescent sexual behaviors. Our aim in this study is to determine if state HPV legislation is associated with changes in adolescent sexual behaviors. METHODS This is a difference-in-difference study in which we use data on adolescent sexual behaviors from the school-based state Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System from 2001 to 2015. Sexual behaviors included ever having sexual intercourse in the last 3 months and condom use during last sexual intercourse. We compared changes in sexual behaviors among high school students before and after HPV legislation to changes among high school students in states without legislation. RESULTS A total of 715 338 participants reported ever having sexual intercourse in the last 3 months, and 217 077 sexually active participants reported recent condom use. We found no substantive or statistically significant associations between HPV legislation and adolescent sexual behaviors. Recent sexual intercourse decreased by 0.90 percentage points (P = .21), and recent condom use increased by 0.96 percentage points (P = .32) among adolescents in states that enacted legislation compared with states that did not. Results were robust to a number of sensitivity analyses. CONCLUSIONS Implementation of HPV legislation was not associated with changes in adolescent sexual behaviors in the United States. Concern that legislation will increase risky adolescent sexual behaviors should not be used when deciding to pass HPV legislation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Atheendar S Venkataramani
- Department of Medical Ethics and Health Policy, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and
| | - Jane J Kim
- Health Policy and Management, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Rulla M Tamimi
- Departments of Epidemiology and
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Michelle D Holmes
- Departments of Epidemiology and
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
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9
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Kim SC, Namkoong K, Fung T, Heo K, Gunther A. Understanding public opinion change of HPV vaccination controversy. HEALTH EDUCATION 2018. [DOI: 10.1108/he-01-2018-0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose
Although Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) is the most commonly diagnosed sexually transmitted infection in the USA, much controversy exists with respect to HPV vaccination, especially among parents of adolescents. Previous research has shown that exemplars in the media influence public opinion estimates about controversial social issues. However, little is known about the underlying psychological processes of how exemplars influence public opinion formation. The purpose of this paper is to systematically explore such psychological processes based on the projection theory. To this end, the important yet controversial public health issue, the mandatory HPV vaccination, was chosen.
Design/methodology/approach
A two-factor (exemplar vs proportion), between-subject experiment was conducted using online newspaper articles as main stimuli. A total of 138 participants completed the study. The analytical framework comprised the Sobel test with the Bootstrap method and a series of Ordinary Least Square hierarchical regression analyses.
Findings
The higher the proportion of exemplars against the HPV vaccination in a news article was, the greater the number of individuals who became opposed to it was. And the high personal opposition translated into negative public opinion change estimation.
Originality/value
The findings indicate that news exemplars may influence individuals’ personal opinion formation, and, in turn, contribute to their estimations of future public opinion climate, as suggested by the projection theory. Theoretical, methodological and practical implications for journalists, health educators and policy makers are discussed.
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10
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Odone A, Tramutola V, Morgado M, Signorelli C. Immunization and media coverage in Italy: an eleven-year analysis (2007-17). Hum Vaccin Immunother 2018; 14:2533-2536. [PMID: 29993316 PMCID: PMC6284508 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2018.1486156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunization polices in Italy has recently reached important milestones, including the approval of the National Immunization Prevention Plan and of a new law mandatory immunization; this stimulating a lively debate at the scientific, political and societal-level, reflected on the media. We applied a model previously published to quantitatively and qualitatively assess media coverage on vaccines and immunization-related topics on the most read Italian newspaper, "Corriere della Sera", over an 11-year study period (2007-2017). We retrieved relevant key words and articles, reported on included articles' topic, position, approach to immunization and on other selected indicators' summary statistics, temporal trends and correspondence with key epidemiological and policy events. Over the study period the quote "vaccin*" was mentioned on average 325 times per year; with an increase of 150% after the approval of the new law on mandatory immunization in 2017. In the same year, on average, two first-page articles per week were published on the topic. We report a clear association between key events (i.e the H1N1 influenza pandemic, the "Fluad case", the approval of the new law on mandatory immunization) and their media coverage. Overall, 84% of articles had a positive attitude towards immunization, this share decreasing to 79% when only considering articles published after the approval of the law on mandatory vaccination. Media play a crucial role in channelling health-related information and significantly influence health behaviours. We urge public institutions, health authorities and the scientific community not to underestimate the opportunity to monitor media coverage on key healthcare topics and to convey evidence-based health education messages through the media.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Odone
- School of Medicine, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - V. Tramutola
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - M. Morgado
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - C. Signorelli
- School of Medicine, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
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Catalan-Matamoros D, Peñafiel-Saiz C. How is communication of vaccines in traditional media: a systematic review. Perspect Public Health 2018; 139:34-43. [PMID: 29877122 DOI: 10.1177/1757913918780142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AIM: Taking into account that a key determinant in public approval of vaccinations is how the media constructs and frames messages about vaccination programmes, our aim is to review communication studies exploring media coverage of vaccines within traditional media venues. METHODS: Using a registered protocol (PROSPERO: 42017072849), a systematic review was conducted that searched in three international electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, and the International Bibliography of Social Science) for articles published between 2007 and 2017 following content-analysis methods. The characteristics and outcomes were systematically identified and described. The search yielded 24 eligible studies that were further analysed in the review. RESULTS: Media coverage of vaccines has been largely studied during the last decade. Findings revealed that 62% ( n = 15) of studies analysed the human papillomavirus vaccine, 87% ( n = 21) examined newspapers, and 62% ( n = 15) examined North American media. In relation to media content analyses, 75% found negative messages on vaccines and 83% identified a lack of accurate information. CONCLUSIONS: This systematic review suggests an agenda for further research. There is a significant need to analyse other types of traditional media beyond newspapers. Future studies should focus on other geographical areas such as low-income countries and on analysing visual materials and digital media. We found that negative messages and inaccurate information are common in media coverage on vaccines; therefore, further research focusing on these topics is needed. Officials in public health organizations should develop a close collaboration with the media to improve public communication on vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Catalan-Matamoros
- Department of Journalism and Communication, University Carlos III of Madrid, Calle Madrid, 133, 28903 Getafe, Madrid, Spain.,Research Group of Health Sciences CTS-451, University of Almeria, Almeria, Spain
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12
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Shapiro GK, Surian D, Dunn AG, Perry R, Kelaher M. Comparing human papillomavirus vaccine concerns on Twitter: a cross-sectional study of users in Australia, Canada and the UK. BMJ Open 2017; 7:e016869. [PMID: 28982821 PMCID: PMC5640044 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-016869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Opposition to human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination is common on social media and has the potential to impact vaccine coverage. This study aims to conduct an international comparison of the proportions of tweets about HPV vaccines that express concerns, the types of concerns expressed and the social connections among users posting about HPV vaccines in Australia, Canada and the UK. DESIGN Using a cross-sectional design, an international comparison of English language tweets about HPV vaccines and social connections among Twitter users posting about HPV vaccines between January 2014 and April 2016 was conducted. The Health Belief Model, one of the most widely used theories in health psychology, was used as the basis for coding the types of HPV vaccine concerns expressed on Twitter. SETTING The content of tweets and the social connections between users who posted tweets about HPV vaccines from Australia, Canada and the UK. POPULATION 16 789 Twitter users who posted 43 852 tweets about HPV vaccines. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The proportions of tweets expressing concern, the type of concern expressed and the proportions of local and international social connections between users. RESULTS Tweets expressing concerns about HPV vaccines made up 14.9% of tweets in Canada, 19.4% in Australia and 22.6% in the UK. The types of concerns expressed were similar across the three countries, with concerns related to 'perceived barriers' being the most common. Users expressing concerns about HPV vaccines in each of the three countries had a relatively high proportion of international followers also expressing concerns. CONCLUSIONS The proportions and types of HPV vaccine concerns expressed on Twitter were similar across the three countries. Twitter users who mostly expressed concerns about HPV vaccines were better connected to international users who shared their concerns compared with users who did not express concerns about HPV vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilla K Shapiro
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Centre for Health Policy, School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Didi Surian
- Centre for Health Informatics, Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Adam G Dunn
- Centre for Health Informatics, Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ryan Perry
- Centre for Health Policy, School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Margaret Kelaher
- Head Evaluation and Implementation Science, Centre for Health Policy, School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Pierre-Victor D, Page TF, Trepka MJ, Stephens DP, Li T, Madhivanan P. Impact of Virginia's School-Entry Vaccine Mandate on Human Papillomavirus Vaccination Among 13–17-Year-Old Females. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2017; 26:266-275. [DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2016.5869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dudith Pierre-Victor
- Department of Epidemiology, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, University Park, Florida
| | - Timothy F. Page
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, University Park, Florida
| | - Mary Jo Trepka
- Department of Epidemiology, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, University Park, Florida
| | - Dionne P. Stephens
- Department of Psychology, College of Arts and Science, Florida International University, Miami, Florida
| | - Tan Li
- Department of Biostatistics, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, University Park, Florida
| | - Purnima Madhivanan
- Department of Epidemiology, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, University Park, Florida
- Public Health Research Institute of India, Karnataka, India
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14
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Pierre-Victor D, Trepka MJ, Page TF, Li T, Stephens DP, Madhivanan P. Impact of Louisiana's HPV Vaccine Awareness Policy on HPV Vaccination Among 13- to 17-Year-Old Females. HEALTH EDUCATION & BEHAVIOR 2017; 44:548-558. [PMID: 28125911 DOI: 10.1177/1090198116684766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommends routine human papillomavirus (HPV) immunization for 11- to 12-year-old adolescents. In 2008, Louisiana required the school boards to distribute HPV vaccine information to parents or guardian of students in Grades 6 to 12. This article investigates the impact of this policy on HPV vaccination among 13- to 17-year-old female adolescents using National Immunization Survey-Teen (NIS-Teen) data. Drawing on the data from the 2008 to 2012 NIS-Teen, we compared the difference in proportions of females who have been vaccinated before and after the policy. Using difference-indifference estimation, we explored the change in vaccination rates before and after the policy implementation in Louisiana compared with Alabama and Mississippi, two states that did not have such a policy in place. The difference-in-differences estimates for HPV vaccination were not significant. Physician recommendation for HPV vaccination was significantly associated with vaccination among females in Louisiana and Alabama (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 7.74; 95% confidence interval [CI; 5.22, 11.5]), and for those in Louisiana and Mississippi (aOR = 7.05; 95% CI [4.6, 10.5]). Compared to the proportion of female adolescents who had received physician recommendation in Alabama or Mississippi, the proportion in Louisiana did not increase significantly in the postpolicy period. HPV vaccination rates did not increase significantly in Louisiana compared to Alabama or Mississippi following the implementation of the policy. Despite Louisiana's policy, physician recommendation remains the key determinant of HPV vaccination. HPV vaccine awareness does not necessarily result in HPV vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Tan Li
- 1 Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
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Handler MZ, Handler NS, Majewski S, Schwartz RA. Human papillomavirus vaccine trials and tribulations: Clinical perspectives. J Am Acad Dermatol 2016; 73:743-56; quiz 757-8. [PMID: 26475534 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2015.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Revised: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) affects hundreds of millions of people worldwide and is associated with both benign and malignant neoplasms in men and women. It is a double-stranded DNA virus with an icosahedral capsid. Forty HPV types are known to infect mucosal keratinocytes. If not cured by the immune system, the infection can lead to genital warts, mucosal dysplasia, or cancer. The most common oncogenic types are 16 and 18. The vaccine to prevent HPV and its associated morbidity and mortality has existed since 2006. Several variations protect against an increasing number of HPV types. The recommended vaccination age is before sexual exposure; administration of the vaccine to children has been controversial. This continuing medical education review evaluates the current HPV vaccines available to clinicians. Part I focuses on the debate over who should be vaccinated, at what age, and in which populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Z Handler
- Dermatology, Rutgers University New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Nancy S Handler
- Dermatology, Rutgers University New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey; University of Nebraska Medical Center, College of Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Slawomir Majewski
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Robert A Schwartz
- Dermatology, Rutgers University New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey; Pathology, Rutgers University New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey; Pediatrics, Rutgers University New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey; Preventive Medicine and Community Health, Rutgers University New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey; School of Public Affairs and Administration, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey.
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16
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Gollust SE, LoRusso SM, Nagler RH, Fowler EF. Understanding the role of the news media in HPV vaccine uptake in the United States: Synthesis and commentary. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2015; 12:1430-4. [PMID: 26554612 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2015.1109169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccination rates for the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine fall below targets and only 2 states and the District of Columbia require the vaccine for middle school-age children. Messages conveyed through news media-to parents, providers, policymakers, and the general public-may contribute to sluggish vaccination rates and policy action. In this commentary, we review the findings from 13 published studies of news media coverage of the HPV vaccine in the United States since FDA licensure in 2006. We find 2 important themes in news coverage: a rising focus on political controversy and a consistent emphasis on the vaccine as for girls, even beyond the point when the vaccine was recommended for boys. These political and gendered messages have consequences for public understanding of the vaccine. Future research should continue to monitor news media depictions of the HPV vaccine to assess whether political controversy will remain a pronounced theme of coverage or whether the media ultimately depict the vaccine as a routine public health service.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Gollust
- a Division of Health Policy and Management, University of Minnesota School of Public Health , Minneapolis , MN , USA
| | - Susan M LoRusso
- b School of Journalism and Mass Communication, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis , MN , USA
| | - Rebekah H Nagler
- b School of Journalism and Mass Communication, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis , MN , USA
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Casciotti DM, Smith KC, Klassen AC. Topics associated with conflict in print news coverage of the HPV vaccine during 2005 to 2009. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2015; 10:3466-74. [PMID: 25668659 DOI: 10.4161/21645515.2014.979622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
HPV vaccines represent a significant advancement for cancer prevention, but vaccination against a sexually transmitted infection and possible vaccine mandates have created considerable negative publicity. We sought to understand media portrayal of vaccine-related controversy, and potential influences on attitudes and vaccine acceptance. We analyzed characteristics of media coverage of the HPV vaccine in 13 US newspapers between June 2005-May 2009, as well as relationships between conflict and pro-vaccine tone and specific story characteristics. The four-year timeframe was selected to capture coverage during the development of the vaccine, the period immediately pre- and post-approval, and the time of widespread recommendation and initial uptake. This allowed the exploration of a range of issues and provided an understanding of how coverage changed over time. Analysis included 447 news stories and opinion pieces, the majority of which were published in 2007. Most articles were positive (pro-vaccine) in tone, prompted by research/scientific advancement or legislative activities. We deemed 66% of all stories conflict-containing. Fewer articles from 2005-2006 and 2008-2009 contained conflict than those from 2007, suggesting a peak period of concern, followed by gradual acceptance of the HPV vaccine. Legislative activities and content related to sexual activity were sources of conflict in HPV vaccine media messages. Health communication strategies can be improved by understanding and addressing potential sources of conflict in news coverage of public health initiatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana M Casciotti
- a National Library of Medicine; National Institutes of Health ; Bethesda , MD USA
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18
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Yildirim JG, Arabaci Z. Innovations in HPV vaccination and roles of nurses in cervical cancer prevention. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 15:10053-6. [PMID: 25556424 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.23.10053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The human papilloma virus (HPV) is the main aetiological agent for cervical cancer, one of the most frequent cancers observed in women throughout the world. There are effective programs for reducing the incidence of cervical cancer with HPV vaccination. The objective of this study was to discuss the applicability of the HPV vaccination and the role of nurses in prevention of cervical cancer. Use of bivalent and quadrivalent vaccines has been initiated against the types of HPV which are the primary cause of cancer. The quadrivalent HPV vaccination has entered into the routine vaccination schedule in many European countries for use in children and adolescents between 9-15 years of age and for women between 16-26 years of age, whereas it has been proposed that the bivalent vaccination should be given to girls between 9-18 years of age. While cervical cancer is among the cancers that can be prevented, it is essential to continue screening tests while introducing vaccination in a systematic manner for protection. On this subject, among the most important roles of nurses is to implement the screening programs by fulfilling the caregiving, training and consultancy roles for the society and especially, for high risk groups and to increase the awareness of the people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julide Gulizar Yildirim
- Department of Community Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey E-mail :
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Casciotti DM, Smith KC, Tsui A, Klassen AC. Discussions of adolescent sexuality in news media coverage of the HPV vaccine. J Adolesc 2013; 37:133-43. [PMID: 24439619 DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2013.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2013] [Revised: 11/13/2013] [Accepted: 11/15/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Given the sexually transmitted nature of human papillomavirus (HPV), some worry the HPV vaccine will create a false sense of security and promote adolescent sexual activity. Media coverage of vaccines can influence social norms, parental attitudes, and vaccine acceptance; in this paper we examine U.S. news media messages related to sexuality and HPV vaccination. Drawing on a structured analysis of 447 articles published during 2005-2009, we qualitatively analyzed a purposive sample of 49 articles discussing adolescent health behaviors related to HPV vaccination. Commonly, articles discussed vaccination in the context of abstinence-only versus comprehensive sexual health education; cited research findings to support vaccination or sex education; argued against connecting vaccination to promiscuous behavior; but included fear-inducing messages. Media messages concerning health behaviors related to HPV vaccination tended to support government and parental involvement in sex education, and dismiss concerns linking vaccination to sexual activity, while also presenting the vaccine as lifesaving.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana M Casciotti
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 624 N Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Katherine C Smith
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 624 N Broadway, Room 726, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Amy Tsui
- Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, N. Wolfe Street, Room W4041, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Ann C Klassen
- Department of Community Health and Prevention, Drexel University School of Public Health, 3215 Market Street, Room 435, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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