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Kuhlisch C, Shemi A, Barak-Gavish N, Schatz D, Vardi A. Algal blooms in the ocean: hot spots for chemically mediated microbial interactions. Nat Rev Microbiol 2024; 22:138-154. [PMID: 37833328 DOI: 10.1038/s41579-023-00975-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
The cycling of major nutrients in the ocean is affected by large-scale phytoplankton blooms, which are hot spots of microbial life. Diverse microbial interactions regulate bloom dynamics. At the single-cell level, interactions between microorganisms are mediated by small molecules in the chemical crosstalk that determines the type of interaction, ranging from mutualism to pathogenicity. Algae interact with viruses, bacteria, parasites, grazers and other algae to modulate algal cell fate, and these interactions are dependent on the environmental context. Recent advances in mass spectrometry and single-cell technologies have led to the discovery of a growing number of infochemicals - metabolites that convey information - revealing the ability of algal cells to govern biotic interactions in the ocean. The diversity of infochemicals seems to account for the specificity in cellular response during microbial communication. Given the immense impact of algal blooms on biogeochemical cycles and climate regulation, a major challenge is to elucidate how microscale interactions control the fate of carbon and the recycling of major elements in the ocean. In this Review, we discuss microbial interactions and the role of infochemicals in algal blooms. We further explore factors that can impact microbial interactions and the available tools to decipher them in the natural environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constanze Kuhlisch
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Adva Shemi
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Noa Barak-Gavish
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- Institute of Microbiology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Daniella Schatz
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Assaf Vardi
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
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2
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Liu X, Zuo Z, Xie X, Gao S, Wu S, Gu W, Wang G. SLC24A-mediated calcium exchange as an indispensable component of the diatom cell density-driven signaling pathway. THE ISME JOURNAL 2024; 18:wrae039. [PMID: 38457651 PMCID: PMC10982851 DOI: 10.1093/ismejo/wrae039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Diatom bloom is characterized by a rapid increase of population density. Perception of population density and physiological responses can significantly influence their survival strategies, subsequently impacting bloom fate. The population density itself can serve as a signal, which is perceived through chemical signals or chlorophyll fluorescence signals triggered by high cell density, and their intracellular signaling mechanisms remain to be elucidated. In this study, we focused on the model diatom, Phaeodactylum tricornutum, and designed an orthogonal experiment involving varying cell densities and light conditions, to stimulate the release of chemical signals and light-induced chlorophyll fluorescence signals. Utilizing RNA-Seq and Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis, we identified four gene clusters displaying density-dependent expression patterns. Within these, a potential hub gene, PtSLC24A, encoding a Na+/Ca2+ exchanger, was identified. Based on molecular genetics, cellular physiology, computational structural biology, and in situ oceanic data, we propose a potential intracellular signaling mechanism related to cell density in marine diatoms using Ca2+: upon sensing population density signals mediated by chemical cues, the membrane-bound PtSLC24A facilitates the efflux of Ca2+ to maintain specific intracellular calcium levels, allowing the transduction of intracellular density signals, subsequently regulating physiological responses, including cell apoptosis, ultimately affecting algal blooms fate. These findings shed light on the calcium-mediated intracellular signaling mechanism of marine diatoms to changing population densities, and enhances our understanding of diatom bloom dynamics and their ecological implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuehua Liu
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266404, Shandong Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266404, Shandong Province, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao 266237, Shandong Province, China
| | - Zhicheng Zuo
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Center for Druggability of Cardiovascular Noncoding RNA, Institute for Frontier Medical Technology, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Xiujun Xie
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266404, Shandong Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266404, Shandong Province, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao 266237, Shandong Province, China
| | - Shan Gao
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266404, Shandong Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266404, Shandong Province, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao 266237, Shandong Province, China
| | - Songcui Wu
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266404, Shandong Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266404, Shandong Province, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao 266237, Shandong Province, China
| | - Wenhui Gu
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266404, Shandong Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266404, Shandong Province, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao 266237, Shandong Province, China
| | - Guangce Wang
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266404, Shandong Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266404, Shandong Province, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao 266237, Shandong Province, China
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3
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Ferrante MI, Broccoli A, Montresor M. The pennate diatom Pseudo-nitzschia multistriata as a model for diatom life cycles, from the laboratory to the sea. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2023; 59:637-643. [PMID: 37256710 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.13342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Phytoplankton dynamics are regulated by external cues, such as light and nutrients, as well as by biotic interactions and endogenous controls linked to life cycle characteristics. The planktonic pennate diatom Pseudo-nitzschia multistriata, with a heterothallic mating system with two opposite mating types (MTs), represents a model for the study of diatom life cycles. P. multistriata is a toxic species, able to produce the neurotoxin domoic acid. First described in Japan in 1993, it was detected at the long-term monitoring station MareChiara (Gulf of Naples, Italy) in 1995. Since then, P. multistriata has been reported from several worldwide coastal sites. A large body of knowledge has been produced on its ecology, genetic diversity, and life cycle characteristics. The availability of these data, the ecological relevance of the Pseudo-nitzschia genus, and its controllable life cycle with a short generation time made it an ideal species to develop a genetic model system for diatoms. To enable functional studies, a 59 Mb genome sequence and several transcriptomic data were produced, and genetic transformation was optimized. These tools allowed the discovery of the first mating-type determining gene for diatoms. Gene expression studies and metabolomics analyses defined genes and molecules underpinning different phases of the process of sexual reproduction. This model system, developed to explore the genetics of diatom life cycles, offers the opportunity to parallel experimental observations in the laboratory using in situ meta-omics analyses along space and time, empowering knowledge on the biology and ecology of the genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Immacolata Ferrante
- Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Naples, Italy
- National Institute of Oceanography and Applied Geophysics, Trieste, Italy
| | - Andrea Broccoli
- Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Naples, Italy
| | - Marina Montresor
- Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Naples, Italy
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4
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Velasco-Senovilla E, Díaz PA, Nogueira E, Rodríguez F, Garrido JL, Ruiz-Villarreal M, Reguera B. The niche of a stress-tolerant specialist, Dinophysis acuminata, in a coastal upwelling system. HARMFUL ALGAE 2023; 125:102427. [PMID: 37220979 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2023.102427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Dinophysis acuminata, the main cause of shellfish harvesting bans in Europe, blooms in the Galician Rías (NW Spain) throughout the upwelling season (ca. March to September). Here we illustrate rapid changes in vertical and across ría-shelf distributions of diatoms and dinoflagellates (including D. acuminata vegetative and small cells) in Ría de Pontevedra (RP) and Ría de Vigo (RV) during transitions from spin-down to spin-up phases of upwelling cycles. A subniche approach based on a Within Outlying Mean Index (WitOMI) showed that under the transient environmental conditions met during the cruise, both vegetative and small cells of D. acuminata colonized the Ria and Mid-shelf subniches, exhibiting good tolerance and extremely high marginality, in particular the small cells. Bottom-up (abiotic) control overwhelmed biological constraints, and shelf waters became a more favourable environment than the Rías. Contrasting higher biotic constraints inside the Rías were found for the small cells, with a subniche possibly controlled by unsuitable physiological status (notwithstanding the higher density) of the vegetative cell population. Results here on behaviour (vertical positioning) and physiological traits (high tolerance but very specialized niche) of D. acuminata give new insights into the ability of this species to remain in the upwelling circulation system. Higher shelf-ría exchanges in the Ría (RP) with more dense and persistent D. acuminata blooms reveal the relevance of transient event-scales and species- and site-specific characteristics to the fate of these blooms. Earlier statements about simple linear relationships between average upwelling intensities and the recurrence of Harmful algae bloom (HAB) events in the Galician Rías Baixas are questioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Velasco-Senovilla
- Centro Oceanográfico de Vigo, Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO), CSIC, Subida a Radio Faro 50, Vigo, 36390, Spain; Campus do Mar, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad de Vigo, 36311 Vigo, Spain.
| | - Patricio A Díaz
- Centro i∼mar & CeBiB, Universidad de Los Lagos, Casilla 557, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - Enrique Nogueira
- Centro Oceanográfico de Vigo, Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO), CSIC, Subida a Radio Faro 50, Vigo, 36390, Spain
| | - Francisco Rodríguez
- Centro Oceanográfico de Vigo, Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO), CSIC, Subida a Radio Faro 50, Vigo, 36390, Spain
| | - José L Garrido
- Department of Oceanography, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (IIM, CSIC), Vigo, Spain
| | - Manuel Ruiz-Villarreal
- Centro Oceanográfico de A Coruña, Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO), CSIC, P.° Marítimo Alcalde Francisco Vázquez 10, 15001, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Beatriz Reguera
- Centro Oceanográfico de Vigo, Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO), CSIC, Subida a Radio Faro 50, Vigo, 36390, Spain
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5
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Kim JH, Ajani PA, Murray SA, Kang SM, Kim SH, Lim HC, Teng ST, Lim PT, Park BS. Abiotic and biotic factors controlling sexual reproduction in populations of Pseudo-nitzschia pungens (Bacillariophyceae). HARMFUL ALGAE 2023; 123:102392. [PMID: 36894213 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2023.102392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Pseudo-nitzschia pungens is a widely distributed marine pennate diatom. Hybrid zones, regions in which two different genotypes may interbreed, are important areas for speciation and ecology, and have been reported across the globe for this species. However, sexual reproduction between differing clades in the natural environment is yet to be observed and is difficult to predict. Here we carried out experiments using two mono-clonal cultures of P. pungens from different genotypes to measure the frequency and timing of sexual reproduction across varying biotic (growth phases and cell activity potential) and abiotic conditions (nutrients, light, turbulence). We found the mating rates and number of zygotes gradually decreased from exponential to late stationary growth phases. The maximum zygote abundance observed was 1,390 cells mL-1 and the maximum mating rate was 7.1%, both which occurred during the exponential growth phase. Conversely, only 9 cells mL-1 and a maximum mating rate of 0.1% was observed during the late stationary phase. We also found the higher the relative potential cell activity (rPCA) in parent cells, as determined by the concentration of chlorophyll a per cell and the ratio of colony formation during parent cultivations, revealed higher mating rates. Furthermore, sexual events were reduced under nutrient enrichment conditions, and mating pairs and zygotes were not formed under aphotic (dark) or shaking culture conditions (150 rpm). In order to understand the sexual reproduction of Pseudo-nitzschia in the natural environment, our results highlight that it is most likely the combination of both biotic (growth phase, Chl. a content) and abiotic factors (nutrients, light, turbulence) that will determine the successful union of intraspecific populations of P. pungens in any given region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Ho Kim
- Department of Earth and Marine Science, College of Ocean Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea; University of Technology Sydney, School of Life Sciences, Sydney, PO Box 123, Broadway NSW 2007, Australia.
| | - Penelope A Ajani
- University of Technology Sydney, School of Life Sciences, Sydney, PO Box 123, Broadway NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Shauna A Murray
- University of Technology Sydney, School of Life Sciences, Sydney, PO Box 123, Broadway NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Su-Min Kang
- Department of Earth and Marine Science, College of Ocean Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Sae-Hee Kim
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Chang Lim
- Department of Applied Sciences, Tunku Abdul Rahman University College, Johor Branch Campus, Johor 53300, Malaysia
| | - Sing Tung Teng
- Faculty of Research Science and Technology, University Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Samarahan 94300, Malaysia
| | - Po Teen Lim
- Bachok Marine Research Station, Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, Bachok, Kelantan 16310, Malaysia
| | - Bum Soo Park
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea; Hanyang Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea; Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea.
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6
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Annunziata R, Mele BH, Marotta P, Volpe M, Entrambasaguas L, Mager S, Stec K, d’Alcalà MR, Sanges R, Finazzi G, Iudicone D, Montresor M, Ferrante MI. Trade-off between sex and growth in diatoms: Molecular mechanisms and demographic implications. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabj9466. [PMID: 35044817 PMCID: PMC8769554 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abj9466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Diatoms are fast-growing and winning competitors in aquatic environments, possibly due to optimized growth performance. However, their life cycles are complex, heteromorphic, and not fully understood. Here, we report on the fine control of cell growth and physiology during the sexual phase of the marine diatom Pseudo-nitzschia multistriata. We found that mating, under nutrient replete conditions, induces a prolonged growth arrest in parental cells. Transcriptomic analyses revealed down-regulation of genes related to major metabolic functions from the early phases of mating. Single-cell photophysiology also pinpointed an inhibition of photosynthesis and storage lipids accumulated in the arrested population, especially in gametes and zygotes. Numerical simulations revealed that growth arrest affects the balance between parental cells and their siblings, possibly favoring the new generation. Thus, in addition to resources availability, life cycle traits contribute to shaping the species ecological niches and must be considered to describe and understand the structure of plankton communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossella Annunziata
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Napoli, Italy
- Corresponding author. (R.A.); (M.I.F.)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Remo Sanges
- International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), Via Bonomea 265, Trieste 34136, Italy
| | - Giovanni Finazzi
- Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Centre National Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat Energie Atomique, Energies Alternatives (CEA), Institut National Recherche Agriculture, Alimentation, Environnement (INRAE), Interdisciplinary Research Institute of Grenoble, IRIG-Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Grenoble, France
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7
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Fuhrmann-Lieker T, Kubetschek N, Ziebarth J, Klassen R, Seiler W. Is the diatom sex clock a clock? J R Soc Interface 2021; 18:20210146. [PMID: 34129790 PMCID: PMC8205531 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2021.0146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The unique life cycle of diatoms with continuous decreasing and restoration of the cell size leads to periodic fluctuations in cell size distribution and has been regarded as a multi-annual clock. To understand the long-term behaviour of a population analytically, generic mathematical models are investigated algebraically and numerically for their capability to describe periodic oscillations. Whereas the generally accepted simple concepts for the proliferation dynamics do not sustain oscillating behaviour owing to broadening of the size distribution, simulations show that a proposed limited lifetime of a newly synthesized cell wall slows down the relaxation towards a time-invariant equilibrium state to the order of a hundred thousand generations. In combination with seasonal perturbation events, the proliferation scheme with limited lifetime is able to explain long-lasting rhythms that are characteristic for diatom population dynamics. The life cycle thus resembles a pendulum clock that has to be wound up from time to time by seasonal perturbations rather than an oscillator represented by a limit cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Fuhrmann-Lieker
- Physical Chemistry of Nanomaterials, Institute of Chemistry and Center for Interdisciplinary Nanostructure Science and Technology, University of Kassel, 34109 Kassel, Germany
| | - Nico Kubetschek
- Physical Chemistry of Nanomaterials, Institute of Chemistry and Center for Interdisciplinary Nanostructure Science and Technology, University of Kassel, 34109 Kassel, Germany
| | - Jonas Ziebarth
- Physical Chemistry of Nanomaterials, Institute of Chemistry and Center for Interdisciplinary Nanostructure Science and Technology, University of Kassel, 34109 Kassel, Germany
| | - Roland Klassen
- Microbiology, Institute of Biology and Center for Interdisciplinary Nanostructure Science and Technology, University of Kassel, 34109 Kassel, Germany
| | - Werner Seiler
- Algorithmic Algebra and Discrete Mathematics, Institute of Mathematics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Kassel, 34109 Kassel, Germany
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Klapper F, Audoor S, Vyverman W, Pohnert G. Pheromone Mediated Sexual Reproduction of Pennate Diatom Cylindrotheca closterium. J Chem Ecol 2021; 47:504-512. [PMID: 33914225 PMCID: PMC8217010 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-021-01277-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Benthic diatoms dominate primary production in marine subtidal and intertidal environments. Their extraordinary species diversity and ecological success is thought to be linked with their predominantly heterothallic sexual reproduction. Little is known about pheromone involvement during mating of pennate diatoms. Here we describe pheromone guided mating in the coastal raphid diatom Cylindrotheca closterium. We show that the two mating types (mt+ and mt−) have distinct functions. Similar to other benthic diatoms, mt+ cells are searching for the mt− cells to pair. To enhance mating efficiency mt− exudes an attraction pheromone which we proved by establishing a novel capillary assay. Further, two more pheromones produced by mt− promote the sexual events. One arrests the cell cycle progression of mt+ while the other induces gametogenesis of mt+. We suggest that C. closterium shares a functionally similar pheromone system with other pennate diatoms like Seminavis robusta and Pseudostaurosira trainorii which synchronize sexual events and mate attraction. Remarkably, we found no evidence of mt+ producing pheromones, which differentiates C. closterium from other pennates and suggests a less complex pheromone system in C. closterium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Klapper
- Bioorganic Analytics, Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Lessingstrasse 8, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Sien Audoor
- Laboratory of Protistology and Aquatic Ecology, Department of Biology, University Gent, Krijgslaan 281 S8, 9000, Gent, Belgium
| | - Wim Vyverman
- Laboratory of Protistology and Aquatic Ecology, Department of Biology, University Gent, Krijgslaan 281 S8, 9000, Gent, Belgium
| | - Georg Pohnert
- Bioorganic Analytics, Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Lessingstrasse 8, 07743, Jena, Germany. .,Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, 07745, Jena, Germany.
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9
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A Metabolomics Exploration of the Sexual Phase in the Marine Diatom Pseudo-nitzschia multistriata. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18060313. [PMID: 32545923 PMCID: PMC7345340 DOI: 10.3390/md18060313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudo-nitzschia multistriata is a planktonic marine diatom with a diplontic life cycle comprising a short sexual phase, during which gametes are produced following the encounter of two diploid cells of opposite mating type (MT). Gene expression studies have highlighted the presence of substantial changes occurring at the onset of sexual reproduction. Herein, we have hypothesized that the amount and nature of cellular metabolites varies along the mating process. To capture the metabolome of Pseudo-nitzschia multistriata at different harvesting times in an unbiased manner, we undertook an untargeted metabolomics approach based on liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Using three different extraction steps, the method revealed pronounced differences in the metabolic profiles between control cells in the vegetative phase (MT+ and MT-) and mixed strains of opposite MTs (cross) undergoing sexual reproduction. Of the 2408 high-quality features obtained, 70 known metabolites could be identified based on in-house libraries and online databases; additional 46 features could be classified by molecular networking of tandem mass spectra. The reduction of phytol detected in the cross can be linked to the general downregulation of photosynthesis during sexual reproduction observed elsewhere. Moreover, the role of highly regulated compounds such as 7-dehydrodesmosterol, whose changes in abundance were the highest in the experiment, oleamide, ectoine, or trigonelline is discussed.
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10
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Font-Muñoz JS, Jeanneret R, Arrieta J, Anglès S, Jordi A, Tuval I, Basterretxea G. Collective sinking promotes selective cell pairing in planktonic pennate diatoms. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:15997-16002. [PMID: 31346087 PMCID: PMC6689993 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1904837116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Finding a partner in an inherently unsteady 3-dimensional system, such as the planktonic marine environment, is a difficult task for nonswimming organisms with poor control over their orientation. We experimentally investigate the process of cell pairing in pennate marine diatoms and present field evidence of its occurrence in the ocean. We describe the mechanism as a 3-step process in which pennate diatoms (i) vertically reorient while sinking from surface turbulent waters to a more stable environment (i.e., under the seasonal pycnocline), (ii) segregate from incompatible partners (e.g., dead or different sized cells), and (iii) pair with other partners as a result of the hydrodynamic instabilities generated by collective cell sinking. This is, eminently, a cell abundance-dependent process, therefore being more effective when population sinking is synchronized. We suggest that this selective process, enabling matching of size-compatible healthy partners, could be fundamental in understanding sexual reproduction in pennate diatoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan S Font-Muñoz
- Department of Marine Ecology, Institut Mediterrani d'Estudis Avançats, Universitat de les Illes Balears-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 07190 Esporles, Illes Balears, Spain;
| | - Raphaël Jeanneret
- Department of Marine Ecology, Institut Mediterrani d'Estudis Avançats, Universitat de les Illes Balears-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 07190 Esporles, Illes Balears, Spain
| | - Jorge Arrieta
- Department of Marine Ecology, Institut Mediterrani d'Estudis Avançats, Universitat de les Illes Balears-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 07190 Esporles, Illes Balears, Spain
| | - Sílvia Anglès
- Department of Marine Ecology, Institut Mediterrani d'Estudis Avançats, Universitat de les Illes Balears-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 07190 Esporles, Illes Balears, Spain
| | | | - Idan Tuval
- Department of Marine Ecology, Institut Mediterrani d'Estudis Avançats, Universitat de les Illes Balears-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 07190 Esporles, Illes Balears, Spain
| | - Gotzon Basterretxea
- Department of Marine Ecology, Institut Mediterrani d'Estudis Avançats, Universitat de les Illes Balears-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 07190 Esporles, Illes Balears, Spain
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11
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Exploring Molecular Signs of Sex in the Marine Diatom Skeletonema marinoi. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10070494. [PMID: 31261777 PMCID: PMC6678668 DOI: 10.3390/genes10070494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sexual reproduction plays a fundamental role in diatom life cycles. It contributes to increasing genetic diversity through meiotic recombination and also represents the phase where large-sized cells are produced to counteract the cell size reduction process that characterizes these microalgae. With the aim to identify genes linked to the sexual phase of the centric planktonic diatom Skeletonema marinoi, we carried out an RNA-seq experiment comparing the expression level of transcripts in sexualized cells with that of large cells not competent for sex. A set of genes involved in meiosis were found upregulated. Despite the fact that flagellate gametes were observed in the sample, we did not detect the expression of genes involved in the synthesis of flagella that were upregulated during sexual reproduction in another centric diatom. A comparison with the set of genes changing during the first phases of sexual reproduction of the pennate diatom Pseudo-nitzschia multistriata revealed the existence of commonalities, including the strong upregulation of genes with an unknown function that we named Sex Induced Genes (SIG). Our results further broadened the panel of genes that can be used as a marker for sexual reproduction of diatoms, crucial for the interpretation of metatranscriptomic datasets.
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Brown ER, Cepeda MR, Mascuch SJ, Poulson-Ellestad KL, Kubanek J. Chemical ecology of the marine plankton. Nat Prod Rep 2019; 36:1093-1116. [DOI: 10.1039/c8np00085a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A review of chemically mediated interactions in planktonic marine environments covering new studies from January 2015 to December 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily R. Brown
- School of Biological Sciences
- Aquatic Chemical Ecology Center
- Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences
- Georgia Institute of Technology
- Atlanta
| | - Marisa R. Cepeda
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Aquatic Chemical Ecology Center
- Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences
- Georgia Institute of Technology
- Atlanta
| | - Samantha J. Mascuch
- School of Biological Sciences
- Aquatic Chemical Ecology Center
- Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences
- Georgia Institute of Technology
- Atlanta
| | | | - Julia Kubanek
- School of Biological Sciences
- Aquatic Chemical Ecology Center
- Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences
- Georgia Institute of Technology
- Atlanta
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Bates SS, Hubbard KA, Lundholm N, Montresor M, Leaw CP. Pseudo-nitzschia, Nitzschia, and domoic acid: New research since 2011. HARMFUL ALGAE 2018; 79:3-43. [PMID: 30420013 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Some diatoms of the genera Pseudo-nitzschia and Nitzschia produce the neurotoxin domoic acid (DA), a compound that caused amnesic shellfish poisoning (ASP) in humans just over 30 years ago (December 1987) in eastern Canada. This review covers new information since two previous reviews in 2012. Nitzschia bizertensis was subsequently discovered to be toxigenic in Tunisian waters. The known distribution of N. navis-varingica has expanded from Vietnam to Malaysia, Indonesia, the Philippines and Australia. Furthermore, 15 new species (and one new variety) of Pseudo-nitzschia have been discovered, bringing the total to 52. Seven new species were found to produce DA, bringing the total of toxigenic species to 26. We list all Pseudo-nitzschia species, their ability to produce DA, and show their global distribution. A consequence of the extended distribution and increased number of toxigenic species worldwide is that DA is now found more pervasively in the food web, contaminating new marine organisms (especially marine mammals), affecting their physiology and disrupting ecosystems. Recent findings highlight how zooplankton grazers can induce DA production in Pseudo-nitzschia and how bacteria interact with Pseudo-nitzschia. Since 2012, new discoveries have been reported on physiological controls of Pseudo-nitzschia growth and DA production, its sexual reproduction, and infection by an oomycete parasitoid. Many advances are the result of applying molecular approaches to discovering new species, and to understanding the population genetic structure of Pseudo-nitzschia and mechanisms used to cope with iron limitation. The availability of genomes from three Pseudo-nitzschia species, coupled with a comparative transcriptomic approach, has allowed advances in our understanding of the sexual reproduction of Pseudo-nitzschia, its signaling pathways, its interactions with bacteria, and genes involved in iron and vitamin B12 and B7 metabolism. Although there have been no new confirmed cases of ASP since 1987 because of monitoring efforts, new blooms have occurred. A massive toxic Pseudo-nitzschia bloom affected the entire west coast of North America during 2015-2016, and was linked to a 'warm blob' of ocean water. Other smaller toxic blooms occurred in the Gulf of Mexico and east coast of North America. Knowledge gaps remain, including how and why DA and its isomers are produced, the world distribution of potentially toxigenic Nitzschia species, the prevalence of DA isomers, and molecular markers to discriminate between toxigenic and non-toxigenic species and to discover sexually reproducing populations in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen S Bates
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Gulf Fisheries Centre, P.O. Box 5030, Moncton, New Brunswick, E1C 9B6, Canada.
| | - Katherine A Hubbard
- Fish and Wildlife Research Institute (FWRI), Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC), 100 Eighth Avenue SE, St. Petersburg, FL 33701 USA; Woods Hole Center for Oceans and Human Health, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 266 Woods Hole Road, Woods Hole, MA, 02543 USA
| | - Nina Lundholm
- Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Sølvgade 83S, DK-1307 Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Marina Montresor
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy
| | - Chui Pin Leaw
- Bachok Marine Research Station, Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, 16310 Bachok, Kelantan, Malaysia
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Ajani PA, Verma A, Lassudrie M, Doblin MA, Murray SA. A new diatom species P. hallegraeffii sp. nov. belonging to the toxic genus Pseudo-nitzschia (Bacillariophyceae) from the East Australian Current. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0195622. [PMID: 29649303 PMCID: PMC5896966 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 03/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A new species belonging to the toxin producing diatom genus Pseudo-nitzschia, P. hallegraeffii sp. nov., is delineated and described from the East Australian Current (EAC). Clonal cultures were established by single cell isolation from phytoplankton net hauls collected as part of a research expedition in the EAC region in 2016 on the RV Investigator. Cultures were assessed for their morphological and genetic characteristics, their sexual compatibility with other Pseudo-nitzschia species, and their ability to produce domoic acid. Light and transmission electron microscopy revealed cells which differed from their closest relatives by their cell width, rows of poroids, girdle band structure and density of band straie. Phylogenetic analyses based on sequencing of nuclear-encoded ribosomal deoxyribonucleic acid (rDNA) regions showed this novel genotype clustered within the P. delicatissima complex, but formed a discrete clade from its closest relatives P. dolorosa, P. simulans, P. micropora and P. delicatissima. Complementary base changes (CBCs) were observed in the secondary structure of the 3’ nuclear ribosomal transcribed spacer sequence region (ITS2) between P. hallegraeffii sp. nov. and its closest related taxa, P. simulans and P. dolorosa. Under laboratory conditions, and in the absence of any zooplankton cues, strains of P. hallegraeffii sp. nov. did not produce domoic acid (DA) and were not sexually compatible with any other Pseudo-nitzschia clones tested. A total of 18 Pseudo-nitzschia species, including three confirmed toxigenic species (P. cuspidata, P. multistriata and P. australis) have now been unequivocally confirmed from eastern Australia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penelope A. Ajani
- Climate Change Cluster (C3), University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, NSW, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Arjun Verma
- Climate Change Cluster (C3), University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, NSW, Australia
| | - Malwenn Lassudrie
- Climate Change Cluster (C3), University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, NSW, Australia
| | - Martina A. Doblin
- Climate Change Cluster (C3), University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, NSW, Australia
| | - Shauna A. Murray
- Climate Change Cluster (C3), University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, NSW, Australia
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Figueroa RI, Estrada M, Garcés E. Life histories of microalgal species causing harmful blooms: Haploids, diploids and the relevance of benthic stages. HARMFUL ALGAE 2018; 73:44-57. [PMID: 29602506 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2018.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
In coastal and offshore waters, Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs) currently threaten the well-being of coastal countries. These events, which can be localized or involve wide-ranging areas, pose risks to human health, marine ecosystems, and economic resources, such as tourism, fisheries, and aquaculture. Dynamics of HABs vary from one site to another, depending on the hydrographic and ecological conditions. The challenge in investigating HABs is that they are caused by organisms from multiple algal classes, each with its own unique features, including different life histories. The complete algal life cycle has been determined in <1% of the described species, although elucidation of the life cycles of bloom-forming species is essential in developing preventative measures. The knowledge obtained thus far has confirmed the complexity of the algal life cycle, which is composed of discrete life stages whose morphology, ecological niche (plankton/benthos), function, and lifespan vary. The factors that trigger transitions between the different stages in nature are mostly unknown, but it is clear that an understanding of this process provides the key to effectively forecasting bloom recurrence, maintenance, and decline. Planktonic stages constitute an ephemeral phase of the life cycle of most species whereas resistant, benthic stages enable a species to withstand adverse conditions for prolonged periods, thus providing dormant reservoirs for eventual blooms and facilitating organismal dispersal. Here we review current knowledge of the life cycle strategies of major groups of HAB producers in marine and brackish waters. Rather than providing a comprehensive discussion, the objective was to highlight several of the research milestones that have changed our understanding of the plasticity and frequency of the different life cycle stages as well as the transitions between them. We also discuss the relevance of benthic and planktonic forms and their implications for HAB dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Isabel Figueroa
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO), C.O. Vigo, 36280 Vigo, Spain; Aquatic Ecology Division, Department of Biology, Lund University, S-22362 Lund, Sweden.
| | - Marta Estrada
- Departament de Biología Marina i Oceanografía, Institut de Ciències del Mar, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Pg. Marítim de la Barceloneta 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Esther Garcés
- Departament de Biología Marina i Oceanografía, Institut de Ciències del Mar, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Pg. Marítim de la Barceloneta 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
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Disentangling physical and biological drivers of phytoplankton dynamics in a coastal system. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15868. [PMID: 29158517 PMCID: PMC5696475 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15880-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
This proof-of-concept study integrates the surface currents measured by high-frequency coastal radars with plankton time-series data collected at a fixed sampling point from the Mediterranean Sea (MareChiara Long Term Ecological Research site in the Gulf of Naples) to characterize the spatial origin of phytoplankton assemblages and to scrutinize the processes ruling their dynamics. The phytoplankton community generally originated from the coastal waters whereby species succession was mainly regulated by biological factors (life-cycle processes, species-specific physiological performances and inter-specific interactions). Physical factors, e.g. the alternation between coastal and offshore waters and the horizontal mixing, were also important drivers of phytoplankton dynamics promoting diversity maintenance by i) advecting species from offshore and ii) diluting the resident coastal community so as to dampen resource stripping by dominant species and thereby increase the numerical importance of rarer species. Our observations highlight the resilience of coastal communities, which may favour their persistence over time and the prevalence of successional events over small time and space scales. Although coastal systems may act differently from one another, our findings provide a conceptual framework to address physical-biological interactions occurring in coastal basins, which can be generalised to other areas.
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Basu S, Patil S, Mapleson D, Russo MT, Vitale L, Fevola C, Maumus F, Casotti R, Mock T, Caccamo M, Montresor M, Sanges R, Ferrante MI. Finding a partner in the ocean: molecular and evolutionary bases of the response to sexual cues in a planktonic diatom. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2017; 215:140-156. [PMID: 28429538 PMCID: PMC5485032 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/25/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae play a major role as primary producers in aquatic ecosystems. Cell signalling regulates their interactions with the environment and other organisms, yet this process in phytoplankton is poorly defined. Using the marine planktonic diatom Pseudo-nitzschia multistriata, we investigated the cell response to cues released during sexual reproduction, an event that demands strong regulatory mechanisms and impacts on population dynamics. We sequenced the genome of P. multistriata and performed phylogenomic and transcriptomic analyses, which allowed the definition of gene gains and losses, horizontal gene transfers, conservation and evolutionary rate of sex-related genes. We also identified a small number of conserved noncoding elements. Sexual reproduction impacted on cell cycle progression and induced an asymmetric response of the opposite mating types. G protein-coupled receptors and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) are implicated in the response to sexual cues, which overall entails a modulation of cell cycle, meiosis-related and nutrient transporter genes, suggesting a fine control of nutrient uptake even under nutrient-replete conditions. The controllable life cycle and the genome sequence of P. multistriata allow the reconstruction of changes occurring in diatoms in a key phase of their life cycle, providing hints on the evolution and putative function of their genes and empowering studies on sexual reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swaraj Basu
- Integrative Marine EcologyStazione Zoologica Anton DohrnVilla Comunale 1Naples80121Italy
| | - Shrikant Patil
- Integrative Marine EcologyStazione Zoologica Anton DohrnVilla Comunale 1Naples80121Italy
| | | | - Monia Teresa Russo
- Integrative Marine EcologyStazione Zoologica Anton DohrnVilla Comunale 1Naples80121Italy
| | - Laura Vitale
- Integrative Marine EcologyStazione Zoologica Anton DohrnVilla Comunale 1Naples80121Italy
| | - Cristina Fevola
- Integrative Marine EcologyStazione Zoologica Anton DohrnVilla Comunale 1Naples80121Italy
| | | | - Raffaella Casotti
- Integrative Marine EcologyStazione Zoologica Anton DohrnVilla Comunale 1Naples80121Italy
| | - Thomas Mock
- School of Environmental SciencesUniversity of East AngliaNorwich Research ParkNorwichNR4 7TJUK
| | - Mario Caccamo
- Earlham InstituteNorwich Research ParkNorwichNR4 7UGUK
| | - Marina Montresor
- Integrative Marine EcologyStazione Zoologica Anton DohrnVilla Comunale 1Naples80121Italy
| | - Remo Sanges
- Biology and Evolution of Marine OrganismsStazione Zoologica Anton DohrnVilla Comunale 1Naples80121Italy
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Scalco E, Amato A, Ferrante MI, Montresor M. The sexual phase of the diatom Pseudo-nitzschia multistriata: cytological and time-lapse cinematography characterization. PROTOPLASMA 2016; 253:1421-1431. [PMID: 26494151 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-015-0891-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Pseudo-nitzschia is a thoroughly studied pennate diatom genus for ecological and biological reasons. Many species in this genus, including Pseudo-nitzschia multistriata, can produce domoic acid, a toxin responsible for amnesic shellfish poisoning. Physiological, phylogenetic and biological features of P. multistriata were studied extensively in the past. Life cycle stages, including the sexual phase, fundamental in diatoms to restore the maximum cell size and avoid miniaturization to death, have been well described for this species. P. multistriata is heterothallic; sexual reproduction is induced when strains of opposite mating type are mixed, and proceeds with cells producing two functionally anisogamous gametes each; however, detailed cytological information for this process is missing. By means of confocal laser scanning microscopy and nuclear staining, we followed the nuclear fate during meiosis, and using time-lapse cinematography, we timed every step of the sexual reproduction process from mate pairing to initial cell hatching. The present paper depicts cytological aspects during gametogenesis in P. multistriata, shedding light on the chloroplast behaviour during sexual reproduction, finely describing the timing of the sexual phases and providing reference data for further studies on the molecular control of this fundamental process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Scalco
- Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121, Naples, Italy.
| | - Alberto Amato
- Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Marina Montresor
- Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121, Naples, Italy
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Tammilehto A, Watts PC, Lundholm N. Isolation by Time During an Arctic Phytoplankton Spring Bloom. J Eukaryot Microbiol 2016; 64:248-256. [DOI: 10.1111/jeu.12356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Tammilehto
- Natural History Museum of Denmark; University of Copenhagen; Sølvgade 83S Copenhagen K 1307 Denmark
| | - Phillip C. Watts
- Department of Ecology; University of Oulu; Oulu FI-90014 Finland
| | - Nina Lundholm
- Natural History Museum of Denmark; University of Copenhagen; Sølvgade 83S Copenhagen K 1307 Denmark
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Bondoc KGV, Lembke C, Vyverman W, Pohnert G. Searching for a Mate: Pheromone-Directed Movement of the Benthic Diatom Seminavis robusta. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2016; 72:287-294. [PMID: 27260155 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-016-0796-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Diatoms are species-rich microalgae that often have a unique life cycle with vegetative cell size reduction followed by size restoration through sexual reproduction of two mating types (MT(+) and MT(-)). In the marine benthic diatom Seminavis robusta, mate-finding is mediated by an L-proline-derived diketopiperazine, a pheromone produced by the attracting mating type (MT(-)). Here, we investigate the movement patterns of cells of the opposite mating type (MT(+)) exposed to a pheromone gradient, using video monitoring and statistical modeling. We report that cells of the migrating mating type (MT(+)) respond to pheromone gradients by simultaneous chemotaxis and chemokinesis. Changes in movement behavior enable MT(+) cells to locate the direction of the pheromone source and to maximize their encounter rate towards it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Grace V Bondoc
- Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Bioorganic Analytics, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Lessingstrasse 8, D-07743, Jena, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Str. 8, D-07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Christine Lembke
- Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Bioorganic Analytics, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Lessingstrasse 8, D-07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Wim Vyverman
- Laboratory of Protistology and Aquatic Ecology, Department of Biology, University Gent, Krijgslaan 281 S8, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Georg Pohnert
- Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Bioorganic Analytics, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Lessingstrasse 8, D-07743, Jena, Germany.
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Str. 8, D-07745, Jena, Germany.
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Rogato A, Amato A, Iudicone D, Chiurazzi M, Ferrante MI, d'Alcalà MR. The diatom molecular toolkit to handle nitrogen uptake. Mar Genomics 2015; 24 Pt 1:95-108. [PMID: 26055207 DOI: 10.1016/j.margen.2015.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Revised: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Nutrient concentrations in the oceans display significant temporal and spatial variability, which strongly affects growth, distribution and survival of phytoplankton. Nitrogen (N) in particular is often considered a limiting resource for prominent marine microalgae, such as diatoms. Diatoms possess a suite of N-related transporters and enzymes and utilize a variety of inorganic (e.g., nitrate, NO3(-); ammonium, NH4(+)) and organic (e.g., urea; amino acids) N sources for growth. However, the molecular mechanisms allowing diatoms to cope efficiently with N oscillations by controlling uptake capacities and signaling pathways involved in the perception of external and internal clues remain largely unknown. Data reported in the literature suggest that the regulation and the characteristic of the genes, and their products, involved in N metabolism are often diatom-specific, which correlates with the peculiar physiology of these organisms for what N utilization concerns. Our study reveals that diatoms host a larger suite of N transporters than one would expected for a unicellular organism, which may warrant flexible responses to variable conditions, possibly also correlated to the phases of life cycle of the cells. All this makes N transporters a crucial key to reveal the balance between proximate and ultimate factors in diatom life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Rogato
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, CNR, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Alberto Amato
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Villa Comunale 1, 80121 Naples, Italy
| | - Daniele Iudicone
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Villa Comunale 1, 80121 Naples, Italy
| | - Maurizio Chiurazzi
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, CNR, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Immacolata Ferrante
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Villa Comunale 1, 80121 Naples, Italy.
| | - Maurizio Ribera d'Alcalà
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Villa Comunale 1, 80121 Naples, Italy
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