1
|
Liu J, Hao YY, Mao HJ, Sun XJ, Huang XL, Quan CX, Cao ML, Wei ST, Jin XZ, Wu YB. Evidence-based core information for health communication of tobacco control: The effect of smoking on risks of female disease. Front Public Health 2022; 10:986430. [PMID: 36330111 PMCID: PMC9623329 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.986430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Cigarettes have become the the biggest killer of contemporary female's health and beauty. What kind of health information is suitable for the general public is an important issue to be discussed globally. The purpose of this study is to generate systematic, rigorous, public-demand-oriented and appropriate core information relevant to tobacco control based on the best available evidence, combined with audience preferences and pre-dissemination content review from multidisciplinary expertise in order to improve the effectiveness of health communication of tobacco control. Methods Relevant systematic reviews meta-analysis that reported smoking on risks of female disease were identified by searching PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Clinical Trials.gov, and the International Clinical Trial Registry Platform. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) process was applied to assess the evidence in order to make rigorous core information. The audience prevalence survey was conducted to ensure that core information was targeted and tailored. Finally, the expert assessment was used for a pre-dissemination content review and to evaluate whether the core information was appropriate or not. Results The final core information consisted of eight parts concerning the effects of smoking and female cardiovascular disease, diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, respiratory disease, digestive system disease, mental disease, non-pregnant female reproductive system disease, as well as pregnant women and their fetuses. A total of 35 items of core information suitable for dissemination was included and the quality of evidence, the degree of public demand and the outcome of pre-dissemination content review were reported. Conclusion The core information related to female cardiovascular system diseases, as well as liver cancer and upper gastrointestinal cancer is the preferred content for health communication of tobacco control. The quality of evidence for core information related to pregnant women and their infants, as well as diseases of reproductive system, respiratory system, and diabetes needs to be improved to meet high public demand. The core information related to mental disease is more suitable for dissemination to patients with mental illness than to the general public. Besides, dissemination of core information should be individualized. Evidence-based Core Information for Health Communication of Tobacco Control would be helpful to provide evidence support for health communication related to tobacco control and enhance public health literacy for international communities that have high smoking prevalence and related disease burden.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Liu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yun-Yi Hao
- School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Hui-Jia Mao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiang-Ju Sun
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiao-Lu Huang
- The Third Clinical Department, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chen-Xin Quan
- School for Policy Studies, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Mei-Ling Cao
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Shu-Ting Wei
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xue-Zheng Jin
- Department of Health Communication, Chinese Center for Health Education, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Xue-Zheng Jin
| | - Yi-Bo Wu
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China,Yi-Bo Wu
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Alkan Ö, Ünver Ş. Secondhand smoke exposure for different education levels: findings from a large, nationally representative survey in Turkey. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e057360. [PMID: 35177464 PMCID: PMC8860053 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-057360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study is to determine the factors that influence individuals' exposure to tobacco smoke in Turkey according to their education level. DESIGN Secondary data analysis. PARTICIPANTS Altogether, 17 084 individuals aged 15 and over were included in this study. SETTINGS Data set of the Turkey Health Survey in 2019. METHODS Binary logistic regression analysis was used to determine the factors associated with individuals' exposure to tobacco smoke. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES The variables age, gender, marital status, general health status, employment status, receipt of psychosocial support and tobacco use were found to be correlated with exposure to tobacco smoke. RESULTS The study determined that individuals who are illiterate/unschooled were exposed to tobacco smoke at a rate of 32.61%, primary school graduates at a rate of 34.32%, primary education graduates at a rate of 41.75%, high school graduates at a rate of 41.04% and university graduates at a rate of 40.34%. CONCLUSION As a result of the study, it is emphasised that men, young individuals, individuals with moderate and very good general health status, those who use tobacco, those who are unemployed and those who receive psychosocial support should be targeted. In addition, appropriate strategies for reducing secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure should be developed, taking into account public health strategies for increasing awareness of the adverse health effects of SHS exposure and the determinants of tobacco exposure according to the study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ömer Alkan
- Department of Econometrics, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Şeyda Ünver
- Department of Econometrics, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Šutej I, Božić D, Peroš K, Plančak D. Cigarette smoking and its consequences on periodontal health in teenagers: a cross-sectional study. Cent Eur J Public Health 2022; 29:311-316. [PMID: 35026071 DOI: 10.21101/cejph.a6671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Smoking has been extensively investigated as a risk factor for periodontal disease and many studies have confirmed it. The aim of this study was to show data from Croatia on periodontal health among high school students, with the focus on association of tobacco use and oral hygiene habits, and the periodontal parameters. METHODS Pocket probing depth (PPD), bleeding on probing, supragingival calculus, and oral hygiene habits were recorded for each examinee out of 517 high school students. PPD was measured at 4 interproximal sites on all first molars and central incisors (index teeth). RESULTS There were 34.6% smokers among subjects, who started smoking on average at the age of 14. More than half of the smokers (55.3%) smoked 1-10 cigarettes per day and intensity of smoking increased with age. PPD was significantly greater (p = 0.012) in smokers (1.69 mm) than in non-smokers (1.59 mm). In non-smoking subjects, increased values of PPD were in direct proportion to the reduced frequency of brushing, while there was no difference in smokers. The number of cigarettes smoked and duration of smoking had a great influence on PPD. Smokers had on average more teeth with supragingival calculus than non-smokers, while non-smokers had more bleeding on probing, and the difference was statistically significant (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS This study indicated that cigarette smoking was associated with decreased periodontal health even in this young population. Irregular oral hygiene was associated with decreased periodontal health only in non-smokers. Therefore, it should be important to inform young smokers about the negative effects of cigarette smoking on periodontal health, to provide consultations and reinforce smoking prevention measures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Šutej
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Darko Božić
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Kristina Peroš
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Darije Plančak
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Li X, Liang X, Li S, Qi X, Du N, Yang D. Effect of environmental tobacco smoke on COX-2 and SHP-2 expression in a periodontitis rat model. Oral Dis 2020; 27:338-347. [PMID: 32640491 PMCID: PMC7818459 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the effects of environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) on the inflammatory process of periodontitis by evaluating bone loss and the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and Src homology phosphotyrosine phosphatase 2 (SHP-2). MATERIALS AND METHODS Eighty 6-month-old male SD rats were randomized into four groups (10 rats/group/per time point): (a) normal group, (b) ETS group, (c) ligature-induced periodontitis group, and (d) ligature-induced periodontitis + ETS group. After treatment with ligature and/or ETS for 8 and 12 weeks, the levels of alveolar bone resorption and the expressions of COX-2 and SHP-2 in periodontal tissue were analyzed using histology and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS The ligature-induced periodontitis group displayed increased bone resorption and elevated expression of COX-2 and SHP-2 in periodontal tissues compared to the normal and ETS groups at 8 and 12 weeks. Furthermore, bone resorption and COX-2 and SHP-2 levels in the ligature-induced periodontitis + ETS group were significantly increased compared to those in the normal and ligature-induced periodontitis groups at both 8 and 12 weeks. CONCLUSION Environmental tobacco smoke increased alveolar bone loss in periodontitis with enhanced expression of COX-2 and SHP-2 in periodontal tissues. Further investigation is needed to explore the role of COX-2 and SHP-2 in ETS-associated periodontitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangjun Li
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University & Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiangyang Liang
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University & Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Shujuan Li
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University & Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xia Qi
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University & Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ning Du
- Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hebei Children's Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Dongru Yang
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University & Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shijiazhuang, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Toyama N, Ekuni D, Taniguchi-Tabata A, Yoneda T, Kataoka K, Yokoi A, Uchida Y, Fukuhara D, Saho H, Monirul IM, Sawada N, Nakashima Y, Iwasaki Y, Morita M. Associations between sleep bruxism, sleep quality, and exposure to secondhand smoke in Japanese young adults: a cross-sectional study. Sleep Med 2020; 68:57-62. [PMID: 32028227 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2019.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sleep bruxism, a major sleep disorder that causes serious harm to oral health, is considered a multifactorial disease. Sleep bruxism can be induced by smoking, which also adversely affects sleep quality. The objective of present study was to clarify the associations between sleep bruxism, sleep quality, and exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS). METHODS To assess the prevalence of sleep bruxism, sleep quality, and SHS exposure, we conducted oral examinations and self-report questionnaires on university students in Japan. Sleep bruxism and quality were screened using the Japanese version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and the third edition of the International Classification of Sleep Disorders (ICSD-3). The inclusion criteria were adults aged between 18 and 19 years, non-smokers and non-alcohol drinkers. The exclusion criteria was failing to complete the questionnaire in full. RESULTS We analyzed a total of 1781 Japanese young adults. Young adult females who had been exposed to SHS had worse sleep quality (p = 0.019) than those who had not. Young adult female with worse sleep quality showed a higher prevalence of sleep bruxism (p = 0.034) than those with better sleep quality. Using structural equation modeling, direct associations were identified between SHS exposure and poor sleep quality (standardized coefficients, 0.153; p = 0.008) and between sleep bruxism and poor sleep quality (standardized coefficients, 0.187; p = 0.022) in young adult females. However, no association was found among young adult males. CONCLUSION SHS exposure is indirectly associated with sleep bruxism through poor sleep quality in Japanese young adult females.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Toyama
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan.
| | - Daisuke Ekuni
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Ayano Taniguchi-Tabata
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Okayama University Hospital, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Toshiki Yoneda
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Kota Kataoka
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Aya Yokoi
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Yoko Uchida
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Daiki Fukuhara
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Hikari Saho
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Islam Md Monirul
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Nanami Sawada
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Okayama University Hospital, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Yukiho Nakashima
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Okayama University Hospital, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Iwasaki
- Health Service Center, Okayama University, 2-1-1, Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Manabu Morita
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Karsiyaka Hendek M, Erkmen Almaz M, Olgun E, Kisa U. Salivary LL-37 and periodontal health in children exposed to passive smoking. Int J Paediatr Dent 2019; 29:369-374. [PMID: 30556299 DOI: 10.1111/ipd.12459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antimicrobial peptides play an important role in the local defence of oral cavity. Cigarette smoke has detrimental effects on immune defence mechanisms. The effect of passive smoking on salivary LL-37, as an antimicrobial peptide, in children has not yet been reported. AIM The aims of this study were to evaluate salivary LL-37 levels in PS-exposed and PS-unexposed children and to investigate the association between salivary LL-37 levels and periodontal clinical parameters. DESIGN Unstimulated salivary samples were collected from 180 children (90 PS-exposed [38 girls and 52 boys; mean age: 9.36 ± 1.60 years] and 90 PS-unexposed [43 girls and 47 boys; mean age: 9.02 ± 1.71 years]) in this study. Periodontal clinical parameters, including plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), probing depth (PD), and clinical attachment level (CAL), were recorded in all children. Salivary cotinine and LL-37 levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS PI and GI values in PS-exposed children were significantly higher than those in PS-unexposed children. The mean salivary cotinine concentration was significantly higher in PS-exposed children than in control subjects. The mean salivary LL-37 concentration of PS-exposed children was significantly lower (100.71 ± 72.14 pg/mL) than that of PS-unexposed children (151.84 ± 107.89 pg/mL). CONCLUSION Passive smoking could suppress salivary LL-37 concentrations in children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Merve Erkmen Almaz
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Kirikkale University, Kirikkale, Turkey
| | - Ebru Olgun
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Kirikkale University, Kirikkale, Turkey
| | - Ucler Kisa
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kirikkale University, Kirikkale, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kanmaz B, Lamont G, Danacı G, Gogeneni H, Buduneli N, Scott DA. Microbiological and biochemical findings in relation to clinical periodontal status in active smokers, non-smokers and passive smokers. Tob Induc Dis 2019; 17:20. [PMID: 31582931 PMCID: PMC6751988 DOI: 10.18332/tid/104492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cigarette users are more susceptible than non-smokers to periodontitis, a bacterial-induced, inflammation-driven, destructive disease of the supporting tissues of the teeth. We hypothesized that clinical periodontal findings and microbiological and/or inflammatory marker levels would be intermediate in those exposed to environmental tobacco smoke compared to active smokers and non-smokers. METHODS Sixty individuals were recruited from a University periodontal clinic and assigned as non-smokers, active smokers or passive-smokers according to their self reports. Clinical periodontal measurements, comprising plaque index, probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL) and bleeding on probing, were recorded at six sites per tooth. Cotinine levels were determined in whole saliva samples by EIA. Treponema denticola and Porphyromonas gingivalis infection was determined by PCR, while matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) concentrations were determined by ELISA. RESULTS Study groups were subsequently reassigned in accordance with the cotinine data. The smoker group exhibited higher mean PD and CAL values compared to the non-smoker group (p<0.05). Passive-smokers exhibited PD and CAL values smaller than those of the active smokers and greater than those of the non-smokers, but the differences were not statistically significant. PD and CAL values correlated with cotinine concentrations (p<0.05). P. gingivalis infection was noted in most subjects, irrespective of smoking status. T. denticola infection was noted in 4/23 (17.4%) smokers, 0/16 (0%) environmentally-exposed recruits and 2/21 (9.5%) non-smokers. Salivary MMP-8 and IL-8 levels were lower in smokers compared to both non-smokers and passive-smokers but the differences were not significant (all p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS The present clinical periodontal findings provide further support for a negative, dose-related effect of tobacco exposure on periodontal health. The tendency for a more prevalent detection of T. denticola and for a suppressed inflammatory response observed in the smokers may partly explain the increased susceptibility to periodontal tissue destruction, but needs to be verified in larger scale studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Burcu Kanmaz
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, İzmir Democracy University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Gwyneth Lamont
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, School of Dentistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, United States
| | - Gülcan Danacı
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Himabindu Gogeneni
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, School of Dentistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, United States
| | - Nurcan Buduneli
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - David A Scott
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, School of Dentistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, United States
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Akinkugbe AA, Moreno O, Brickhouse TH. Serum cotinine, vitamin D exposure levels and dental caries experience in U.S. adolescents. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2018; 47:185-192. [PMID: 30537281 DOI: 10.1111/cdoe.12442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Epidemiologic studies of risk and protective factors for poor oral health have mostly been among children and adults, seldom focusing on adolescents. The aims of this study were to examine whether serum cotinine, a marker of tobacco exposure, and serum vitamin D are independently associated with dental caries experience among adolescents. METHODS Cross-sectional data from 2579 adolescent participants in the 2005-2008 National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey were analysed. The exposures, cotinine and vitamin D, were measured in serum while dental caries experience was determined by screening examination, and a case defined as having ≥1 decayed or filled teeth. Survey-adjusted logistic regression estimated prevalence odds ratios (POR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) between the respective exposures and outcome. RESULTS The overall median (IQR) serum cotinine level was 0.15 ng/mL (0.04, 1.80) while the mean (SE) serum vitamin D concentration was 68.2 nmol/L (1.36). In contrast to participants with serum cotinine ≤3 ng/L, those with levels >3 ng/L had covariate-adjusted estimate of 1.69 (1.16, 2.47) for caries experience. Each additional mean (ng/L) serum cotinine level was associated with an 8% (95% CI = 1.01, 1.16) greater adjusted prevalence odds of having caries experience. In contrast to participants with vitamin D ≥ 50 nmol/L, those with levels of30- < 50 nmol/L and <30 nmol/L had non-statistically significant adjusted estimates of 1.02 (0.72, 1.44) and 1.23 (0.70, 2.16) respectively for caries experience. CONCLUSIONS Serum cotinine is associated with dental caries experience among adolescents and while deficient (<30 nmol/L) levels of vitamin D appear to be associated with greater prevalence odds of caries experience, this association is inconclusive.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aderonke A Akinkugbe
- Oral Health Services Research Core, Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia.,Oral Health in Childhood and Adolescence Core of the Institute for inquiry, Innovation and Inclusion, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Oswaldo Moreno
- Oral Health in Childhood and Adolescence Core of the Institute for inquiry, Innovation and Inclusion, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia.,Department of Psychology, School of Humanities and Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Tegwyn H Brickhouse
- Oral Health Services Research Core, Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia.,Oral Health in Childhood and Adolescence Core of the Institute for inquiry, Innovation and Inclusion, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Palacios N. Air pollution and Parkinson's disease - evidence and future directions. REVIEWS ON ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2017; 32:303-313. [PMID: 28731859 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2017-0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease of unknown etiology that is thought to be caused by a complex combination of environmental and/or genetic factors. Air pollution exposure is linked to numerous adverse effects on human health, including brain inflammation and oxidative stress, processes that are believed to contribute to the development and progression of PD. This review provides an overview of recent advances in the epidemiology of air pollution and PD, including evidence of the effects of various pollutants (ozone, PM10, PM2.5, PM2.5-10, NOx, NO2, CO, traffic air pollution, second-hand smoking) on PD risk. Based on this evidence, promising opportunities for future research are outlined, including: (1) studies of smaller particle sizes that cross the blood-brain barrier, (2) studies of the effects of air pollution on PD mortality and/or progression; (3) studies of interactions of air pollution with gene environment and other environmental factors.
Collapse
|
10
|
Akinkugbe AA, Sanders AE, Preisser JS, Cai J, Salazar CR, Beck JD. Environmental tobacco smoke exposure and periodontitis prevalence among nonsmokers in the hispanic community Health Study/Study of Latinos. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2016; 45:168-177. [PMID: 27978596 DOI: 10.1111/cdoe.12275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe self-reported exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) and its association with periodontitis prevalence in a diverse group of Hispanics/Latinos. METHODS Data came from 8675 lifetime nonsmokers in the 2008-2011 Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos. Exposure to ETS was self-reported, while periodontitis was defined using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-American Academy of Periodontology criteria and the proportion of sites affected by clinical attachment level of ≥3 mm or pocket depth of ≥4 mm. Survey logistic regression estimated prevalence odds ratios (POR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). In addition, we assessed whether greater hours of exposure to ETS in the past year was associated with greater periodontitis prevalence, and lastly, we conducted a simple sensitivity analysis of ETS misclassification. RESULTS Age-standardized prevalence estimates (95% CI) for ETS exposure and periodontitis were 57.6% (55.9, 59.4) and 39.8% (38.1, 41.4), respectively. After adjusting for confounders and periodontitis risk factors, we estimated an overall adjusted POR (95% CI) for the ETS-periodontitis association as 1.09 (0.95-1.26) with a confidence limit ratio (CLR) of 1.34. This association varied in magnitude by Hispanic/Latino background, ranging from 1.04 (0.75, 1.43 with a CLR = 1.91) among Central Americans to 1.76 (1.16, 2.66 with a CLR = 2.29) in Puerto Ricans. CONCLUSIONS Previously reported associations between ETS and periodontitis appear weak in this study. However, the magnitude of the association differs according to Hispanic/Latino background.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aderonke A Akinkugbe
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Anne E Sanders
- Department of Dental Ecology, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - John S Preisser
- Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jianwen Cai
- Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Christian R Salazar
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - James D Beck
- Department of Dental Ecology, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Akinkugbe AA, Slade GD, Divaris K, Poole C. Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of the Association Between Exposure to Environmental Tobacco Smoke and Periodontitis Endpoints Among Nonsmokers. Nicotine Tob Res 2016; 18:2047-2056. [PMID: 27083214 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntw105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A systematic review was conducted to summarize the epidemiological evidence on environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure and prevalent periodontitis endpoints among nonsmokers. METHODS We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Pro-Quest dissertations, and conference proceedings of a dental research association. We included studies from which prevalence odds ratios (POR) could be extracted for periodontitis determined by examiner measurements of clinical attachment level (CAL) and/or probing pocket depth (PD) or self-report of missing teeth. Studies determined ETS exposure by self-report or biomarker (cotinine) levels. RESULTS For studies reporting CAL and/or PD (n = 6), associations were stronger with cotinine-measured exposure (n = 3; random effects POR [95% prediction interval] = 1.63 (0.90, 2.96)) than self-reported exposure (n = 3; random effects POR = 1.15 (0.68, 1.96)). There was no meaningful difference in summary estimate for studies reporting CAL and/or PD endpoint (n = 6; random effects POR = 1.34 (0.93, 1.94)) as opposed to tooth loss (n = 2; random effects POR = 1.33 (0.52, 3.40)). CONCLUSIONS There appears to be a positive association between exposure to ETS and prevalent periodontitis endpoints among nonsmokers, the magnitude of which depended mostly on the method of ETS assessment. IMPLICATIONS The notoriety of ETS is often discussed in terms of its associations with cancer, chronic conditions like cardiovascular diseases, and respiratory illnesses in children. However, very little attention is paid to its association with oral diseases, especially periodontitis. Periodontitis affects a large proportion of the population and is a major cause of tooth loss. This study summarized the epidemiologic association between exposure to ETS and periodontitis among nonsmokers. Although the findings are consistent with a positive association, methodological weaknesses relating to study design, assessment of ETS, periodontitis, and adjustment covariates were highlighted and recommendations for improvement in future studies provided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aderonke A Akinkugbe
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC.,Department of Dental Ecology, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Gary D Slade
- Department of Dental Ecology, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Kimon Divaris
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC.,Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Charles Poole
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, NC
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Li Z, Yao Y, Yu Y, Shi J, Liu Y, Tao Y, Kou C, Zhang H, Han W, Yin Y, Jiang L, Li B. Prevalence and Associated Factors of Passive Smoking among Women in Jilin Province, China: A Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2015; 12:13970-80. [PMID: 26529002 PMCID: PMC4661627 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph121113970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2015] [Revised: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background: The present study aimed to investigate the prevalence and associated socio-demographic factors of passive smoking among women in Jilin Province, China. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2012, using a self-reported questionnaire interview. A representative sample of 9788 non-smoking women aged 18–79 years was collected in Jilin Province of China by a multistage stratified random cluster sampling design. Descriptive data analysis and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of prevalence/frequency were conducted. Multivariable logistic regressions were used to examine the associated socio-demographic factors of passive smoking. Results: The overall prevalence of passive smoking among non-smoking women in Jilin Province was 60.6% (95% CI: 59.3–61.8), 58.3% (95% CI: 56.7–59.9) from urban areas, and 63.4% (95% CI: 61.6–65.3) from rural areas. Twenty-six percent (95% CI: 24.9–27.1) of the non-smoking women reported daily passive smoking, of which 42.9% (95% CI: 41.6–44.1) reported passive smoking at home, and 5.1% (95% CI: 4.5–5.7) reported passive smoking in restaurants. Women in urban areas were less likely to be passive smokers than those in rural ones (OR-Odds Ratio: 0.825, 95% CI: 0.729–0.935), elderly women were less likely to be passive smokers than younger women (55–64 years OR: 0.481, 95% CI: 0.342–0.674; 65–79 years OR: 0.351, 95% CI: 0.241–0.511). Seperated/divorced women were less likely to be passive smokers (OR: 0.701, 95% CI: 0.500–0.982), and widowed women (OR: 0.564, 95%CI: 0.440–0.722), as the married were the reference group. Retired women second-hand smoked due to environmental causes significantly less than manual workers (OR: 0.810, 95% CI: 0.708–0.928). Women with a monthly family income of more than 5000 RMB were less likely to be passive smokers than those with an income less than 500 RMB (OR: 0.615, 95% CI: 0.432–0.876). Conclusions: The prevalence of passive smoking is lower than that reported in 2010 Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) China, but passive smoking is still prevalent and has been an acute public health problem among non-smoking women in Jilin Province, China. Our findings suggest an urgent need for tobacco control and the efforts of public health should be both comprehensive and focus on high-risk populations in Jilin Province, China.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhijun Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Yan Yao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Yaqin Yu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Jieping Shi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Yawen Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Yuchun Tao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Changgui Kou
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Huiping Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.
| | - Weiqing Han
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Yutian Yin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Lingling Jiang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Smoking Prevalence and Associated Factors as well as Attitudes and Perceptions towards Tobacco Control in Northeast China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2015. [PMID: 26206569 PMCID: PMC4515736 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph120708606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: The present study aimed to investigate the prevalence of smoking and environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), the associated factors of current smoking among adults, and their attitudes and perceptions towards tobacco control. Methods: A population-based cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2012 using a self-reported questionnaire. A representative sample of adults aged 18–79 years was collected in the Jilin Province of Northeast China by a multistage stratified random cluster sampling design. Descriptive data analysis was conducted, and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of prevalence/frequency were calculated to enable comparisons between the alleged differences and similarities. Multivariable logistic regressions were used to examine the risk factors associated with current smoking. Results: 21,435 adults responded to the survey (response rate: 84.9%). The overall prevalence of ever smoking, current smoking, and former smoking or smoking cessation was 39.1% (95% CI: 38.3–39.9), 31.8% (95% CI 31.1–32.6), and 7.3% (95% CI: 6.9–7.7), respectively. The proportion of ETS exposure among adult non-smokers in Jilin Province was 61.1% (95% CI: 60.1–62.1), and 23.1% (95% CI: 22.3–24.0) of the non-smokers reported daily ETS exposure. The proportion of ETS exposure at home was 33.4% (95% CI: 32.5–34.4), but the proportion of ETS exposure at restaurants was lower (6.5%) (95% CI: 6.0–7.1). More than 90% of the participants had positive attitudes and perceptions towards tobacco control, but 23.2% (95% CI: 22.5–24.0) of them did not agree with the perception of “smoking is fully quit in public places”, and almost half of the adults (49.5%) (95% CI: 48.7–50.3) did not agree with the perception of “hazards of low-tar cigarettes are equal to general cigarettes”. Conclusions: Smoking and exposure to ETS are prevalent among adults from the Jilin Province of Northeast China. Our findings suggest that tobacco control should be advocated in Northeast China. Anti-smoking campaigns and legislation should be built into the public health curriculum and government policy.
Collapse
|
14
|
Javed F, Bashir Ahmed H, Romanos GE. Association between environmental tobacco smoke and periodontal disease: a systematic review. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2014; 133:117-122. [PMID: 24926917 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2014.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Revised: 04/09/2014] [Accepted: 05/09/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to systematically review the association between environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) and periodontal disease. The addressed focused question was "Is there a relationship between ETS and periodontal disease?" PubMed/MEDLINE and Google-Scholar databases were searched from 1987 up to March 2014 using different combinations of the following keywords: "Environmental tobacco smoke", "passive", "periodontal disease", "secondhand" and "smoking". Letters to the Editor, review articles, commentaries, case-reports and articles published in languages other than English were excluded. Thirteen studies were included. Nine studies were clinical and 4 studies were performed in-vitro. Five studies reported the odds ratios for periodontal disease to be significantly higher among individuals exposed to ETS than controls (non-smoking individuals unexposed to ETS). In 2 studies, ETS exposure showed no association with periodontal disease. In 2 studies, salivary aspartate aminotransferase, lactoferrin and albumin levels were reported to be significantly higher in individuals exposed to ETS than controls. In one study, levels of salivary interleukin-1β were reported to be significantly higher in individuals exposed to ETS than controls. The in-vitro studies reported ETS exposure to enhance the production of proinflammatory proteins and phagocytic activity of salivary polymorphonuclear leukocytes thereby contributing to periodontal disease. The association between ETS and periodontal disease remains debatable and requires further investigations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fawad Javed
- Engineer Abdullah Bugshan Research Chair for Growth Factors and Bone Regeneration, 3D Imaging and Biomechanical Laboratory, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | | | - Georgios E Romanos
- Department of Dental Medicine, School of Dental Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|