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Blanco-Pintos T, Regueira-Iglesias A, Relvas M, Alonso-Sampedro M, Chantada-Vázquez MP, Balsa-Castro C, Tomás I. Using SWATH-MS to identify new molecular biomarkers in gingival crevicular fluid for detecting periodontitis and its response to treatment. J Clin Periodontol 2024. [PMID: 38987231 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.14037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
AIM To identify new biomarkers to detect untreated and treated periodontitis in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) using sequential window acquisition of all theoretical mass spectra (SWATH-MS). MATERIALS AND METHODS GCF samples were collected from 44 periodontally healthy subjects and 40 with periodontitis (Stages III-IV). In the latter, 25 improved clinically 2 months after treatment. Samples were analysed using SWATH-MS, and proteins were identified by the UniProt human-specific database. The diagnostic capability of the proteins was determined with generalized additive models to distinguish the three clinical conditions. RESULTS In the untreated periodontitis vs. periodontal health modelling, five proteins showed excellent or good bias-corrected (bc)-sensitivity/bc-specificity values of >80%. These were GAPDH, ZG16B, carbonic anhydrase 1, plasma protease inhibitor C1 and haemoglobin subunit beta. GAPDH with MMP-9, MMP-8, zinc-α-2-glycoprotein and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin and ZG16B with cornulin provided increased bc-sensitivity/bc-specificity of >95%. For distinguishing treated periodontitis vs. periodontal health, most of these proteins and their combinations revealed a predictive ability similar to previous modelling. No model obtained relevant results to differentiate between periodontitis conditions. CONCLUSIONS New single and dual GCF protein biomarkers showed outstanding results in discriminating untreated and treated periodontitis from periodontal health. Periodontitis conditions were indistinguishable. Future research must validate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Blanco-Pintos
- Oral Sciences Research Group, Special Needs Unit, Department of Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - A Regueira-Iglesias
- Oral Sciences Research Group, Special Needs Unit, Department of Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - M Relvas
- Oral Pathology and Rehabilitation Research Unit (UNIPRO), University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS-CESPU), Gandra, Portugal
| | - M Alonso-Sampedro
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Epidemiology, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario, Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - M P Chantada-Vázquez
- Proteomic Unit, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - C Balsa-Castro
- Oral Sciences Research Group, Special Needs Unit, Department of Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - I Tomás
- Oral Sciences Research Group, Special Needs Unit, Department of Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Ma R, Liu Y, Xu Y, Duan D. Lipoxin A4 levels predict site-specific clinical improvements post scaling and root planing and correlate negatively with periodontal pathogens in severe periodontitis. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:204. [PMID: 38331747 PMCID: PMC10851498 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-03948-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serving as a stop signal of inflammation, the role of lipoxin A4 (LXA4) in periodontitis remains to be clarified. This study is aimed to examine the changes in LXA4 levels in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) after scaling and root planing (SRP) and to determine the relationship between LXA4 levels and treatment outcomes and periodontal pathogens in severe periodontitis. METHODS A total of 74 GCF samples were collected from 21 severe periodontitis participants at the deepest affected sites. These sites were re-sampled at 1, 3, and 6 months after SRP. Besides, GCF samples were also collected from 25 periodontally healthy participants. Clinical parameters including probing depth (PD) and clinical attachment level (CAL) in periodontitis group were recorded. LXA4 levels and periodontal pathogens in the GCF were analyzed by ELISA and PCR, respectively. Correlations between GCF LXA4 levels and treatment effect and periodontal pathogens were assessed. RESULTS LXA4 levels in GCF significantly increased after SRP (p < 0.05), but remained lower than those observed in healthy individuals (p < 0.05). Sites with lower baseline LXA4 concentrations were more likely to experience greater improvements in PD at 6 months post-SRP (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.792), and the improvements were positively correlated with the increase of LXA4 at these sites post-treatment (p < 0.05). Furthermore, more elevated LXA4 levels were observed in sites that became negative for Prevotella intermedia or Tannerella forsythia after SRP. CONCLUSION Baseline LXA4 in GCF has the potential to predict the site-specific response of severe periodontal lesions to SRP. The increase of LXA4 levels after treatment was positively correlated with clinical improvements and negatively correlated with the presence of Prevotella intermedia or Tannerella forsythia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, No. 14, Section 3, Renmin South Road, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Yiying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, No. 14, Section 3, Renmin South Road, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, No. 14, Section 3, Renmin South Road, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Dingyu Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, No. 14, Section 3, Renmin South Road, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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3
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Chen R, Li J, Sheng Z, Zhou J, Wang Y, Zhao X, Li N, Liu W, Liu C, Zhou P, Chen Y, Yan S, Song L, Yan H, Zhao H. Associations Between Resolvin D1 and Culprit Plaque Morphologies: An Optical Coherence Tomography Study in Patients with ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction. J Inflamm Res 2023; 16:6457-6467. [PMID: 38164164 PMCID: PMC10758160 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s433404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Background As a specialized pro-resolving lipid mediator, resolvin D1 (RvD1) inhibits atherosclerosis progression in vivo by reducing regional oxidative stress and chronic inflammation. However, it is unclear how RvD1 is involved in human coronary artery disease. This study aims to investigate the association between plasma levels of RvD1 and culprit-plaque characteristics in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Methods A total of 240 STEMI patients undergoing optical coherence tomography (OCT) examination were analyzed. RvD1 levels were measured in patient plasma samples using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Logistic regression was performed to assess the association between RvD1 levels and various culprit plaque morphologies, and the receiver operating curve was used to search for an optimal cutoff threshold to predict certain pathological features. Results The median RvD1 level was 129.7 (56.6-297.8) pg/mL. According to multivariable logistic regression, high RvD1 was associated with plaque rupture (≥111.5 pg/mL, odds ratio [OR]: 2.09, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.20-3.66, P = 0.010), healed plaques (≥246.4 pg/mL, OR: 2.17, 95% CI: 1.11-4.24, P = 0.023), and calcification (≥293.38 pg/mL, OR: 2.10, 95% CI: 1.21-3.66, P = 0.008) at culprit lesions. Conclusion Increased levels of RvD1 were associated with higher instability of coronary atherosclerotic plaques in STEMI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runzhen Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiannan Li
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Coronary Heart Disease Center, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhaoxue Sheng
- Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinying Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Coronary Heart Disease Center, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxiao Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Coronary Heart Disease Center, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Nan Li
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weida Liu
- Medical Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chen Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Coronary Heart Disease Center, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Peng Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Coronary Heart Disease Center, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Coronary Heart Disease Center, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shaodi Yan
- Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Song
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
- Coronary Heart Disease Center, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongbing Yan
- Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
- Coronary Heart Disease Center, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hanjun Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Coronary Heart Disease Center, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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Cekici A, Sahinkaya S, Donmez MF, Turkmen E, Balci N, Toygar H. Sirtuin6 and Lipoxin A4 levels are decreased in severe periodontitis. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 27:7407-7415. [PMID: 37851128 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-05330-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sirtuin6 plays an important role in the regulation of inflammation, homeostasis, and apoptosis, and it has anti-inflammatory effects on several diseases. Lipoxin A4 is a pro-resolving lipid mediator of inflammation and inhibits hypoxia-induced apoptosis and oxidative stress. Considering that Lipoxin A4 and Sirtuin6 have protective effects on inflammatory diseases, the aim of this study is to determine the possible roles of these molecules on periodontitis inflammation in saliva and serum and to reveal the relationship of these data with clinical periodontal parameters. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 20 stage III/grade B periodontitis and 20 periodontally healthy subjects were included in this cross-sectional study (all never smokers and systemically healthy). Clinical periodontal parameters (plaque index, probing pocket depth, bleeding on probing, clinical attachment loss) were recorded. Saliva and serum levels of Sirtuin6 and Lipoxin A4 were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Serum Sirtuin6 and saliva Lipoxin A4 levels were significantly lower in the periodontitis group than the control group (respectively, p = 0.0098, p = 0.0008). There were negative correlations between all periodontal clinical parameters and saliva Lipoxin A4 level (p < 0.05) and between probing pocket depth, clinical attachment loss, and serum and saliva Sirtuin6 levels (respectively, r = - 0.465 and r = - 0.473, p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Decreased levels of serum Sirtuin6 and saliva Lipoxin A4 in periodontitis patients and their correlation with clinical periodontal parameters suggest that serum Sirtuin6 and saliva Lipoxin A4 may be related with periodontal inflammation. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Scientific rationale for the study: Sirtuin6 is one of seven members of the family of NAD + dependent protein that played an important role in the regulation of inflammation, energy metabolism, homeostasis, and apoptosis. Sirtuin6 is associated with the pathogenesis of several diseases. Lipoxin A4 is a lipid mediator that inhibits hypoxia-induced apoptosis and oxidative stress, and it has an active role in the resolution of periodontal inflammation. No studies that investigated the potential role Sirtuin6 and its relationship with inflammation resolution and apoptosis mechanisms in severe periodontitis patients. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS the serum Sirtuin6 and saliva Lipoxin A4 levels were significantly lower and negatively correlated with clinical periodontal parameters in the patients with periodontitis than the healthy controls. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS this study shows that serum Sirtuin6 and saliva Lipoxin A4 may be candidate biomarkers related with periodontal inflammation and estimating to periodontal status. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT05417061.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Cekici
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul University, Vezneciler, Fatih-Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Selin Sahinkaya
- Department of Periodontology Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Health Sciences, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - M Fatih Donmez
- Department of Periodontology Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Health Sciences, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Emrah Turkmen
- Department of Periodontology Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Health Sciences, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nur Balci
- Department of Periodontology Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Health Sciences, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hilal Toygar
- Department of Periodontology Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Health Sciences, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Hao CP, Cao NJ, Zhu YH, Wang W. The impact of smoking on periodontitis patients' GCF/serum cytokine profile both before and after periodontal therapy: a meta-analysis. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:60. [PMID: 36726081 PMCID: PMC9893604 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-02768-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smoking is an established modifying factor for the host immune response of periodontitis patients. However, its exact influence remains unclear. We aimed to compare the cytokine profile of periodontitis patients with and without smoking habits both before and after periodontal therapy to preliminarily explore its influence on the host immune response to periodontitis. METHODS The protocol of the present meta-analysis was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) under the code CRD42021255656. Meta-analysis was performed for each cytokine if at least three studies were included. We synthesized the evidence to compare the cytokine profile of periodontitis with and without smoking both in gingival cervical fluid (GCF) and serum to explore the impact of smoking on periodontitis both locally and systemically. Moreover, we also compared the cytokine profile of the two groups of patients after periodontal therapy to explore the effect of smoking on the outcome of periodontal therapy. RESULTS Fifteen studies were included in this meta-analysis. We found that there was no significant difference between the two groups of patients in the baseline cytokine profile. However, after periodontal therapy, smoking periodontitis patients showed significantly higher IL-1β levels in their GCF than nonsmoking patients. DISCUSSION There was no significant difference between smoking and nonsmoking periodontitis patients in the baseline cytokine profile. However, after periodontal therapy, smoking periodontitis patients showed significantly higher IL-1β levels in their GCF than nonsmoking patients, which indicates that smoking may impair the response of periodontitis to periodontal treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Ping Hao
- grid.412449.e0000 0000 9678 1884School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, Liaoning People’s Republic of China
| | - Nan-Jue Cao
- grid.412449.e0000 0000 9678 1884School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, Liaoning People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu-He Zhu
- grid.412449.e0000 0000 9678 1884School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, Liaoning People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.
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Chen R, Li J, Zhou J, Wang Y, Zhao X, Li N, Liu W, Liu C, Zhou P, Chen Y, Yan S, Song L, Yan H, Zhao H. Prognostic impacts of Lipoxin A4 in patients with acute myocardial infarction: A prospective cohort study. Pharmacol Res 2023; 187:106618. [PMID: 36549409 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Lipoxin A4 (LXA4) is one of the specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators proved to suppress the progression of atherosclerosis in vivo, but its clinical impacts in atherosclerotic patients is unclear. In this study, we assessed the prognostic impacts of LXA4 in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). A total of 1569 consecutive AMI patients were prospectively recruited from March 2017 to January 2020. Plasma samples of AMI patients were collected, and LXA4 levels were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The primary outcome was major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE), a composite of all-cause death, recurrent MI, ischemic stroke, or ischemia-driven revascularization. Cox regression was used to assess associations between LXA4 and clinical outcomes. Overall, the median level of LXA4 was 5.637 (3.047-9.014) ng/mL for AMI patients. During a median follow-up of 786 (726-1108) days, high LXA4 (≥ 5.637 ng/mL) was associated with lower risk of MACE (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.73, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.60-0.89, P = 0.002), which was sustained in propensity score matching (HR: 0.73, 95% CI: 0.60-0.90, P = 0.004) and inverse probability weighting analysis (HR: 0.74, 95% CI: 0.61-0.90, P = 0.002). Combined with pro-inflammatory biomarker, patients with high levels of LXA4 (≥ 5.637 ng/mL) but low levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (< 5.7 mg/L) acquired the lowest risk of MACE (HR: 0.68, 95% CI: 0.51-0.92, P = 0.012). In sum, high levels of LXA4 were associated with lower risk of recurrent ischemic events for AMI patients, which could serve as new therapeutic target to tackle cardiovascular inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runzhen Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenzhen, China; Coronary Heart Disease Center, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiannan Li
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jinying Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Li
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Weida Liu
- Medical Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Coronary Heart Disease Center, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Coronary Heart Disease Center, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Coronary Heart Disease Center, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shaodi Yan
- Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Li Song
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenzhen, China; Coronary Heart Disease Center, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongbing Yan
- Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenzhen, China; Coronary Heart Disease Center, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Hanjun Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Coronary Heart Disease Center, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Dutra TP, Sacramento CM, Nagay BE, Magno MB, Marañón-Vásquez GA, Maia LC, Sallum EA, Ruiz KGS. Do smokers have a different gingival crevicular fluid cytokine/chemokine profile than nonsmokers in clinically healthy periodontal sites? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Oral Investig 2021; 26:1183-1197. [PMID: 34812957 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-021-04267-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Assessing the evidence and comparing the levels of cytokines in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of periodontal healthy sites of smokers and nonsmokers. MATERIALS AND METHODS Seven databases were surveyed for observational studies up to April 8, 2021. Studies comparing cytokine levels on GCF in periodontally healthy sites of smokers vs. nonsmokers were included in the study. The risk of bias was evaluated using NIH (2014) tool. For meta-analyses, levels in GCF were analyzed, followed by evidence certainty assessment using the GRADE approach. RESULTS Eighteen studies were included for qualitative evaluation, and eight were included in meta-analysis. Qualitatively, despite high heterogeneity and risk of bias observed among the studies, most of them presented no significant difference in the gingival crevicular cytokine fluid levels between groups. Regarding meta-analyses, interleukin-8 (IL-8) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels in GCF were analyzed. The significant difference was observed only in SOD levels, where heavy smokers had lower levels compared to nonsmokers (MD - 30.06 [- 40.17, - 19.96], p = 0.07, 95%CI), as well as light smokers had lower levels compared to nonsmokers (MD - 15.22 [- 16.05, - 14.39], p < 0.00001, 95%CI). CONCLUSION No distinct GCF cytokine profiles were detected for smokers and non-smokers. However, despite the limitations observed in the included studies, lower levels of SOD were identified in smokers. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Indicating a distinct GCF profile of cytokines in periodontal healthy smokers may help to understand the mechanism whereby smoking may affect the host response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamires Pereira Dutra
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Division of Periodontics, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Av. Limeira, 901, Piracicaba, SP, 13414-903, Brazil.
| | - Catharina Marques Sacramento
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Division of Periodontics, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Av. Limeira, 901, Piracicaba, SP, 13414-903, Brazil
| | - Bruna Egumi Nagay
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Division of Prosthodontics, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Av. Limeira, 901, Piracicaba, SP, 13414-903, Brazil
| | - Marcela Baraúna Magno
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rua Prof. Rodolpho Paulo Rocco, 325, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-617, Brazil
| | - Guido Artemio Marañón-Vásquez
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rua Prof. Rodolpho Paulo Rocco, 325, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-617, Brazil
| | - Lucianne Cople Maia
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rua Prof. Rodolpho Paulo Rocco, 325, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-617, Brazil
| | - Enílson Antonio Sallum
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Division of Periodontics, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Av. Limeira, 901, Piracicaba, SP, 13414-903, Brazil
| | - Karina Gonzales Silverio Ruiz
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Division of Periodontics, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Av. Limeira, 901, Piracicaba, SP, 13414-903, Brazil
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Frasheri I, Heym R, Ern C, Summer B, Hennessen TG, Högg C, Reichl FX, Folwaczny M. Salivary and gingival CXCL8 correlation with periodontal status, periodontal pathogens and smoking. Oral Dis 2021; 28:2267-2276. [PMID: 34388304 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Neutrophil granulocytes have been proposed to play a major role in the mediation of periodontitis-associated tissue destruction. Their recruitment and activation are regulated by the chemokine CXCL8. This study aimed to delineate the dependency of CXCL8-expression in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and saliva on periodontal status, bacterial infection and smoking, in patients with periodontitis. METHODS The study cohort comprised 279 subjects with untreated periodontitis. Probing pocket depth (PPD), gingival recession, bleeding on probing (BOP), plaque index, and bone loss were evaluated. CXCL8 was determined in saliva and GCF using flow cytometry. RESULTS Considering the entire study sample, CXCL8 levels were correlated with the mean PPD (ρ=0.131; p=0.029), severity of periodontitis (ρ=0.121; p=0.043), BOP (ρ=0.204; p=0.001) and smoking (ρ=-0.219; p<0.0001) in GCF; and, in whole saliva, with mean PPD (ρ=0.154; p=0.010) severity of periodontitis (ρ=0.140; p=0.020), gender (ρ=0.178; p=0.003) and smoking (ρ=-0.156; p=0.010). Subgroup analysis among non-smokers revealed significantly higher amounts of CXCL8 in GCF (p=0.012) and saliva (p=0.026) comparing subjects with mean PPD ≤3mm and >3mm. CONCLUSION The current study revealed a strong dependency of CXCL8-expression in GCF on the severity and activity of periodontal disease. Smoking causes a significant reduction of CXCL8-expression in saliva and GCF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Frasheri
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Richard Heym
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Christina Ern
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Burkhard Summer
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Till G Hennessen
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Christof Högg
- Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Franz-Xaver Reichl
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany.,Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Folwaczny
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany
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9
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Önal MA, Fentoğlu Ö, Aksoy F, Calapoğlu M, Varol E, Orhan H. Salivary levels of last generation specific pro-resolving lipid mediators (SPMs) (protectin and maresin) in patients with cardiovascular and periodontal disease: A case-control study. J Periodontal Res 2021; 56:606-615. [PMID: 33650687 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Periodontal disease and cardiovascular disease (CVD), which are both deemed to be triggered by inflammation, are recognized as public health problems. Evidence of host modulation via pro-resolving lipid shown in previous studies supports a two-way relationship between periodontitis and CVD. Last generation endogenous specific pro-resolution lipid mediators (SPMs) such as protectins (PDs) and maresins (MaRs) may have potential effects on inflammatory pathogenesis via activation and resolution mechanisms. Currently, there are no data on SPM levels in patients with CVD and periodontal disease. We aimed to evaluate salivary levels of PD and MaR in patients with CVD and periodontal disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS At total of 181 individuals comprising of 79 healthy controls (C) and 102 patients with diagnosed CVD were included cross-sectionally. Unstimulated total salivary samples were obtained, and clinical periodontal parameters were determined. Salivary levels of PD and MaR were evaluated by ELISA. The periodontal status of the study population was classified as gingivitis (g) or periodontitis (p). RESULTS Patients with CVD showed lower sociodemographic characteristics, increased clinical periodontal parameters (p < .05), decreased salivary PD (p < .001), and increased salivary MaR levels (p > .05). In the CVDg group, leukocyte, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and high-density lipoprotein values were higher (p < .05). The CVDp group had a higher neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (p < .05). While the PD level was highest in the Cg group, MaR was highest in the CVDp group. The salivary levels of PD and MaR were independent of other confounders in CVD and periodontal disease (p > .05). CONCLUSION(S) PDs and MaRs may play effective roles in pathogenesis associated with worsening cardiometabolic and periodontal status. These SPMs could also be predictors for conversion from a healthy (systemically and periodontally) to diseased state (CVD and/or periodontitis). Elucidation of the role of SPMs in the relationship between periodontal disease and CVD will enable the development of new host modulation strategies in the prevention and treatment of both diseases, and may also constitute an important public health step by increasing the quality of life of patients with CVD and periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Artuğ Önal
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Süleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Özlem Fentoğlu
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Süleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Fatih Aksoy
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Süleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Calapoğlu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Süleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Ercan Varol
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Süleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Hikmet Orhan
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, Süleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
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10
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Tobón-Arroyave SI, Isaza-Guzmán DM, Gómez-Ortega J, Flórez-Alzate AA. Salivary levels of specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators as indicators of periodontal health/disease status. J Clin Periodontol 2019; 46:978-990. [PMID: 31339183 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 07/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
AIM This cross-sectional case-control study aimed to determine if salivary levels of lipoxin A4 (LXA4), protectin D1 (PD1), resolvin E1 (RvE1) and maresin 1 (MaR1) might constitute a reflection of periodontal health/disease status. MATERIALS AND METHODS One hundred and two periodontitis patients and 61 healthy controls were recruited. Periodontal clinical status was determined by criteria based on full-mouth clinico-radiographical data. Salivary concentration of the analytes was calculated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The association between the biomarkers with disease status was assessed individually and adjusted for confounding using multivariate binary logistic regression models. RESULTS Significantly decreased LXA4 and increased PD1/MaR1 salivary levels were detected in periodontitis patients in comparison with healthy controls. However, no significant differences were observed for RvE1 levels between clinical groups. Clinical parameters such as probing depth, clinical attachment loss and extent were negatively correlated with LXA4, positively correlated with PD1/MaR1 and not correlated with RvE1 salivary levels. Logistic regression analyses revealed a strong/independent association of LXA4, PD1 and MaR1 salivary levels regarding disease status. Interaction effects between demographic predictor variables and salivary concentration of LXA4, PD1 and MaR1 were also identified. CONCLUSION The results of this study demonstrated a strong/independent association between reduced LXA4 and increased PD1/MaR1 salivary levels with periodontitis suggesting an imbalance in the specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators (SPMs) in periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Iván Tobón-Arroyave
- Laboratory of Immunodetection and Bioanalysis, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Diana María Isaza-Guzmán
- Laboratory of Immunodetection and Bioanalysis, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Juliana Gómez-Ortega
- Laboratory of Immunodetection and Bioanalysis, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
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11
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Patel RP, Amirisetty R, Kalakonda B, Penumatsa NV, Koppolu P. Influence of Smoking on Gingival Crevicular Fluid Interleukin 1β and Interleukin-8 in Patients with Severe Chronic Periodontitis among a Rural Population in India. Niger Med J 2019; 59:33-38. [PMID: 31303689 PMCID: PMC6590105 DOI: 10.4103/nmj.nmj_142_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Objective: Smoking is widely prevalent among rural Indian populations. Smoking is considered a significant risk factor for periodontal diseases. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of smoking on the inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL) IL-1β and IL-8 in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and compare these between smokers and nonsmokers with periodontitis in diseased and healthy sites. Materials and Methods: A total of thirty patients with severe chronic periodontitis (15 smokers and 15 nonsmokers) participated in this study. Clinical parameters assessed were gingival index, bleeding on probing, probing depth (PD), and clinical attachment level. One diseased and one healthy site from each of the periodontitis patients were selected for GCF collection and assigned to the following four groups: healthy sites in smoker (SH), diseased sites in smoker (SD), healthy sites in nonsmoker (NH), and diseased sites in nonsmoker (ND) and were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test (Quantikine®). Results: Intragroup comparisons revealed statistically significant levels of IL-1β in ND sites compared to NH sites (P < 0.005) and SD sites showed statistically significantly higher levels of IL-1β compared to SH sites (P < 0.0001). However, there was no significant difference in IL-8 levels between NH and ND sites as well as between SH and SD sites. Intergroup comparisons revealed that SH sites exhibited significantly lower amounts of IL-8 (P < 0.01) compared to NH sites and SD sites showed significantly lower levels of IL-8 compared to ND sites (P < 0.001). However, the comparison of NH and SH sites as well as ND and SD sites showed no significant difference in the levels of IL-1β. Conclusions: Cytokine levels were significantly elevated in periodontitis patients. Smokers exhibited a decrease in IL-8 and increase in IL-1β levels. Hence, this reflects the influence of smoking on immunosuppression and its role in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritu Prabha Patel
- Department of Periodontics, Chhattisgarh Dental College and Research Institute, Rajnandgaon, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Ramesh Amirisetty
- Department of Periodontics, Chhattisgarh Dental College and Research Institute, Rajnandgaon, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Butchibabu Kalakonda
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, Al Farabi Colleges, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Narendra Varma Penumatsa
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam Bin Abdul Aziz University, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Pradeep Koppolu
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Dar Al Uloom University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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12
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Doğan ESK, Doğan B, Fentoğlu Ö, Kırzıoğlu FY. The role of serum lipoxin A4 levels in the association between periodontal disease and metabolic syndrome. J Periodontal Implant Sci 2019; 49:105-113. [PMID: 31098331 PMCID: PMC6494773 DOI: 10.5051/jpis.2019.49.2.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose An unresolved inflammatory state contributes to the pathogenesis of periodontal disease and metabolic syndrome (MetS). Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of lipoxin A4 (LXA4), a proresolving lipid mediator, in the association between periodontal disease and MetS. Methods Sixty-seven patients with MetS and 65 patients without MetS were included in the study. Sociodemographic information was obtained via a questionnaire, and detailed medical diagnoses were made. Periodontal parameters (plaque index [PI], gingival index [GI], probing pocket depth [PD], and clinical attachment level [CAL]) and metabolic parameters were measured, and serum LXA4 levels were determined. The associations among MetS, periodontal parameters, and serum LX levels were evaluated by adjusted multivariate linear regression analyses. Results Patients with MetS were older and had a higher body mass index than patients without MetS. Periodontal parameters (PI, GI, PD, and CAL) were higher in patients with MetS than in those without MetS. Serum LXA4 levels were higher in patients without MetS. Multivariate linear regression analysis indicated a positive association between MetS and periodontal parameters (PD and CAL). Negative associations were established between MetS and LXA4 levels, and between LXA4 and periodontal parameters (PI, PD, and CAL). Conclusions The presence of higher values of periodontal parameters in patients with MetS and the negative relationship of LXA4 with MetS and periodontal disease may support the protective role of proresolving lipid mediators in the association between periodontal disease and MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esra Sinem Kemer Doğan
- Department of Periodontology, Mustafa Kemal University Faculty of Dentistry, Hatay, Turkey
| | - Burak Doğan
- Department of Periodontology, Mustafa Kemal University Faculty of Dentistry, Hatay, Turkey
| | - Özlem Fentoğlu
- Department of Periodontology, Süleyman Demirel University Faculty of Dentistry, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Fatma Yeşim Kırzıoğlu
- Department of Periodontology, Süleyman Demirel University Faculty of Dentistry, Isparta, Turkey
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13
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Azcarate-Velázquez F, Garrido-Serrano R, Castillo-Dalí G, Serrera-Figallo MA, Gañán-Calvo A, Torres-Lagares D. Effectiveness of flossing loops in the control of the gingival health. J Clin Exp Dent 2017. [PMID: 28638551 PMCID: PMC5474330 DOI: 10.4317/jced.53858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background One of the key factor in the good condition of periodontal tissues is their daily hygiene. Oral hygiene techniques such brushing and a good interdental hygiene by correct flossing are very important. The aim of this study is to compare the use of dental floss in a loop vs traditional floss in the control of Loe-Silness Gingival Index (IG), Turesky´s Plaque Index (IPT), Gingival Bleeding Index (IS) and the values of interleukin 6 (IL-6) and interleukin 8 (IL-8). Material and Methods A comparative study of 40 patients in which each patient was his own control, using during 45 days each one of the devices (new loop floss and conventional floss) of interdental hygiene analysed. Data for Loe-Silness Gingival Index (IG), Turesky´s Plaque Index (IPT), Gingival Bleeding Index (IS) and the values of interleukin 6 (IL-6) and interleukin 8 (IL-8)were collected and measured in every visit for every type of interdental hygiene device. Results Our data indicates that the rate of Turesky´s Plaque Index presented statistically significant differences between groups (loop: 1.66 ± 0.8; traditional: 1.12 ± 0.8; p<0.0001). The rest of the indices studied showed no statistically significant differences. Conclusions The creation of new dental floss designs try to make their use easier and more sensitive, and plaque removal more effective. The loop design can facilitate interdental hygiene, reaching similar effectiveness than traditional floss, improving some indicators, such as Turesky´s Plaque Index. Key words:Dental floss, bacterial plaque, loop floss, plaque index, periodontal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roberto Garrido-Serrano
- Master in Oral Surgery. Department of Dentistry. Faculty of Dentistry. University of Seville, Spain
| | - Gabriel Castillo-Dalí
- Master in Oral Surgery. Department of Dentistry. Faculty of Dentistry. University of Seville, Spain
| | | | - Alfonso Gañán-Calvo
- Department of Aerospace Engineering and Fluid Mechanics. University of Seville, Spain
| | - Daniel Torres-Lagares
- Master in Oral Surgery. Department of Dentistry. Faculty of Dentistry. University of Seville, Spain
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14
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Lertpimonchai A, Rattanasiri S, Arj-Ong Vallibhakara S, Attia J, Thakkinstian A. The association between oral hygiene and periodontitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int Dent J 2017. [PMID: 28646499 PMCID: PMC5724709 DOI: 10.1111/idj.12317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Dental plaque accumulation and inadequate personal oral hygiene (OH) are known major risk factors of periodontitis. Nevertheless, the magnitude of their effects has not yet been the subject of a meta-analysis. Material and methods: The Medline and Scopus databases were searched up to May 2016. Observational studies were eligible if they assessed associations between OH and periodontitis in adult subjects. A multivariate random-effects meta-analysis was used to pool the effects of fair/poor OH versus good OH on periodontitis across studies. The associations between oral care habits and periodontitis were also assessed. Results: A total of 50 studies were eligible; 15 were used for pooling the effect of fair OH versus good OH and poor OH versus good OH on periodontitis, with pooled odds ratios (ORs) of 2.04 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.65–2.53] and 5.01 (95% CI: 3.40–7.39), respectively. Eleven studies examined oral care habits measured according to toothbrushing regularity and dental visit frequency; pooled ORs of 0.66 (95% CI: 0.47–0.94) and 0.68 (95% CI: 0.47–0.98) were obtained, respectively. Conclusions: Fair to poor OH increases the risk of periodontitis by two- to five-fold. This risk can be reduced by regular toothbrushing and dental visits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Attawood Lertpimonchai
- Section for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sasivimol Rattanasiri
- Section for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sakda Arj-Ong Vallibhakara
- Section for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - John Attia
- School of Medicine and Public Health, Centre for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Ammarin Thakkinstian
- Section for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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15
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Finoti LS, Nepomuceno R, Pigossi SC, Corbi SCT, Secolin R, Scarel-Caminaga RM. Association between interleukin-8 levels and chronic periodontal disease: A PRISMA-compliant systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e6932. [PMID: 28562542 PMCID: PMC5459707 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000006932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current publications present contradictory findings regarding interleukin-8 (IL-8) levels in patients with chronic periodontitis (CP). This systematic review compile evidences of the IL8 mRNA and protein levels in gingival tissue, saliva, and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) investigated in patients with CP. Moreover, 2 meta-analyses were made focusing on the IL-8 levels in GCF and saliva of patients with or without CP. METHODS Electronic searches of the PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases were conducted for publications up to February 2016 that investigated the levels of IL-8 detected in individuals with CP compared with health individuals. A total of 31 publications were included in the systematic review. For meta-analyses, the strength of association was calculated by pooled odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals using RevMan 5.1 software. Heterogeneity was examined using Higgins I-squared, tau-squared, and χ tests. RESULTS In biopsies of gingival tissue of CP patients, all studies found higher IL8 mRNA levels, and the majority of studies showed higher IL-8 protein levels in this tissue of individuals with moderate to severe CP. Four studies investigating the IL-8 levels in saliva showed inconclusive results. In spite of some studies seemed to indicate higher levels of IL-8 in GCF of CP patients, the meta-analysis results showed significantly lower IL-8 levels (pg/μL) in GCF of CP patients in comparison with periodontally healthy subjects. CONCLUSIONS We concluded that IL8 gene expression and IL-8 protein levels were higher in gingival tissues of CP patients when compared to periodontally health individuals. Meta-analysis of studies that measured IL-8 (pg/uL) in GCF found lower levels in CP patients. There are conflicting evidences regarding IL-8 levels in saliva.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia S Finoti
- Department of Oral Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, Brazil
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Rafael Nepomuceno
- Department of Oral Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Suzane C Pigossi
- Department of Oral Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Sâmia CT Corbi
- Department of Oral Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Secolin
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Raquel M. Scarel-Caminaga
- Department of Morphology, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, Brazil
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16
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Pamuk F, Lütfioğlu M, Aydoğdu A, Koyuncuoglu CZ, Cifcibasi E, Badur OS. The effect of low-level laser therapy as an adjunct to non-surgical periodontal treatment on gingival crevicular fluid levels of transforming growth factor-beta 1, tissue plasminogen activator and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 in smoking and non-smoki. J Periodontal Res 2017; 52:872-882. [DOI: 10.1111/jre.12457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- F. Pamuk
- Department of Periodontology; Faculty of Dentistry; Yeditepe Univesity; Istanbul Turkey
- Department of Periodontology; Faculty of Dentistry; Istanbul Aydin University; Istanbul Turkey
| | - M. Lütfioğlu
- Department of Periodontology; Faculty of Dentistry; Ondokuzmayis University; Samsun Turkey
| | - A. Aydoğdu
- Department of Periodontology; Faculty of Dentistry; Istanbul Research and Application Center; Baskent University; Istanbul Turkey
| | - C. Z. Koyuncuoglu
- Department of Periodontology; Faculty of Dentistry; Istanbul Aydin University; Istanbul Turkey
| | - E. Cifcibasi
- Department of Periodontology; Faculty of Dentistry; Istanbul University; Istanbul Turkey
| | - O. S. Badur
- Division of Virology and Immunology; Department of Microbiology; Faculty of Medicine; Istanbul University; Istanbul Turkey
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17
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Bunaes DF, Mustafa M, Mohamed HG, Lie SA, Leknes KN. The effect of smoking on inflammatory and bone remodeling markers in gingival crevicular fluid and subgingival microbiota following periodontal therapy. J Periodontal Res 2017; 52:713-724. [PMID: 28306142 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Periodontal health is mediated by suppressing microorganisms inducing a local inflammatory host response. Smoking may impair this process. This study compares gingival crevicular fluid levels of inflammatory and bone remodeling markers in heavy smokers and non-smokers following active and supportive periodontal therapy in patients with chronic periodontitis. MATERIAL AND METHODS Gingival crevicular fluid and subgingival plaque were collected from the deepest periodontal pocket in 50 patients, 25 smokers and 25 non-smokers, at baseline (T0), following active (T1) and 12 mo of supportive periodontal therapy (T2). Smoking status was validated measuring serum cotinine levels. Gingival crevicular fluid levels of 27 inflammatory and two bone remodeling markers were analyzed using multiplex and singleplex micro-bed immunoassays, and subgingival plaque samples using checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization. Amounts of markers in smokers and non-smokers were compared calculating the effect size. RESULTS Expression of inflammatory and bone-remodeling markers in smokers demonstrated an overall reduced effect size at T0 and T2 (p < 0.001). In particular, proinflammatory markers (p < 0.001), chemokines (p = 0.007) and growth factors (p = 0.003) at T0, osteoprotegerin (p = 0.003) at T1, proinflammatory markers (p = 0.019) and chemokines (p = 0.005) at T2. At T2, interleukin-8 was detected in significantly higher levels in smokers. Ten different markers in non-smokers and none in smokers responded to periodontal therapy (p < 0.05). An overall negative association was revealed between smoking and subgroups of markers at sites presenting ≥ 105 red complex periodontal microbial species. CONCLUSION Except for an upregulation of interleukin-8, smokers exhibited reduced gingival crevicular fluid levels of several inflammatory markers at baseline and following active and supportive periodontal therapy. Only inflammatory responses in non-smokers adapted to periodontal therapy. Apparently, there seems to be an immunosuppressant effect of smoking regulating the local inflammatory response and bone remodeling markers captured in gingival crevicular fluid following periodontal therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- D F Bunaes
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Clinical Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - M Mustafa
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Clinical Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - H G Mohamed
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Clinical Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - S A Lie
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Clinical Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - K N Leknes
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Clinical Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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18
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Nagarajan R, Al-Sabbagh M, Dawson D, Ebersole JL. Integrated biomarker profiling of smokers with periodontitis. J Clin Periodontol 2017; 44:238-246. [PMID: 27925695 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the context of precision medicine, understanding patient-specific variation is an important step in developing targeted and patient-tailored treatment regimens for periodontitis. While several studies have successfully demonstrated the usefulness of molecular expression profiling in conjunction with single classifier systems in discerning distinct disease groups, the majority of these studies do not provide sufficient insights into potential variations within the disease groups. AIM The goal of this study was to discern biological response profiles of periodontitis and non-periodontitis smoking subjects using an informed panel of biomarkers across multiple scales (salivary, oral microbiome, pathogens and other markers). MATERIAL & METHODS The investigation uses a novel ensemble classification approach (SVA-SVM) to differentiate disease groups and patient-specific biological variation of systemic inflammatory mediators and IgG antibody to oral commensal and pathogenic bacteria within the groups. RESULTS Sensitivity of SVA-SVM is shown to be considerably higher than several traditional independent classifier systems. Patient-specific networks generated from SVA-SVM are also shown to reveal crosstalk between biomarkers in discerning the disease groups. High-confidence classifiers in these network abstractions comprised of host responses to microbial infection elucidated their critical role in discerning the disease groups. CONCLUSIONS Host adaptive immune responses to the oral colonization/infection contribute significantly to creating the profiles specific for periodontitis patients with potential to assist in defining patient-specific risk profiles and tailored interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radhakrishnan Nagarajan
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Mohanad Al-Sabbagh
- Division of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Dolph Dawson
- Division of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.,Center for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Jeffrey L Ebersole
- Division of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.,Center for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
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