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Du J, Yang L, Duan Y, Cui Y, Qi Q, Liu Z, Liu H. Association between drinking water sources and cognitive functioning in Chinese older adults residing in rural areas. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2024; 39:e6110. [PMID: 38831201 DOI: 10.1002/gps.6110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore the association between drinking water sources and cognitive functioning among older adults residing in rural China. METHODS Data were extracted from the 2008-2018 Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey. Drinking water sources were categorized according to whether purification measures were employed. The Chinese version of the Mini-Mental State Examination was used for cognitive functioning assessment, and the score of <24 was considered as having cognitive dysfunction. Cox regression analyses were conducted to derive hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the effects of various drinking water sources, changes in such sources, and its interaction with exercise on cognition dysfunction. RESULTS We included 2304 respondents aged 79.67 ± 10.02 years; of them, 1084 (44.49%) were men. Our adjusted model revealed that respondents consistently drinking tap water were 21% less likely to experience cognitive dysfunction compared with those drinking untreated water (HR = 0.79, 95% CI: 0.70-0.90). Respondents transitioning from natural to tap water showed were 33% less likely to experience cognitive dysfunction (HR = 0.67, 95% CI: 0.58-0.78). Moreover, the HR (95% CI) for the interaction between drinking tap water and exercising was 0.86 (0.75-1.00) when compared with that between drinking untreated water and not exercising. All results adjusted for age, occupation, exercise, and body mass index. CONCLUSIONS Prolonged tap water consumption and switching from untreated water to tap water were associated with a decreased risk of cognitive dysfunction in older individuals. Additionally, exercising and drinking tap water was synergistically associated with the low incidence of cognitive dysfunction. These findings demonstrate the importance of prioritizing drinking water health in rural areas, indicating that purified tap water can enhance cognitive function among older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Du
- School of Public Health, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, China
| | - Ling Yang
- School of Public Health, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, China
| | - Ying Duan
- School of Public Health, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, China
| | - Yan Cui
- School of Public Health, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, China
| | - Qi Qi
- School of Public Health, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, China
| | - Zihao Liu
- School of Public Health, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, China
| | - Huaqing Liu
- School of Public Health, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, China
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Eliasen EH, Weihe P, Debes F, Tróndarson M, Petersen MS. 10-Year Cognitive Change in the Faroese Septuagenarian Cohort and Impact of Sociodemographic, Lifestyle, and Health Factors. J Aging Health 2024:8982643241255405. [PMID: 38819787 DOI: 10.1177/08982643241255405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate cognitive change in multiple cognitive domains in a population-based cohort of 713 Faroese older adults. METHODS Participants were cognitively tested at baseline (70-74 years) and re-evaluated after 10 years. Changes in cognitive performance and the impact of sociodemographic factors, lifestyle, and health conditions were analysed using mixed-effect models. Participants free from dementia were studied in separate analyses. RESULTS A significant decline over 10 years was observed in most of the neuropsychological tests. People living in rural areas, married or cohabiting people, people without professional education, slightly older persons, smokers, teetotalers, and people with heart disease and abnormal electrocardiogram (ECG) had a steeper decline in cognitive ability. Conflicting results were found for sex and people with myocardial infarction (MI). DISCUSSION There are modifiable factors that contribute to cognitive decline which should be addressed in future public health efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eina H Eliasen
- Department of Research, The National Hospital of the Faroe Islands, Tórshavn, Faroe Islands
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Faroe Islands, Tórshavn, Faroe Islands
| | - Pál Weihe
- Department of Research, The National Hospital of the Faroe Islands, Tórshavn, Faroe Islands
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Faroe Islands, Tórshavn, Faroe Islands
- Center of Health Sciences, University of the Faroe Islands, Tórshavn, Faroe Islands
| | - Fróði Debes
- Department of Research, The National Hospital of the Faroe Islands, Tórshavn, Faroe Islands
| | - Marjun Tróndarson
- Department of Research, The National Hospital of the Faroe Islands, Tórshavn, Faroe Islands
| | - Maria Skaalum Petersen
- Department of Research, The National Hospital of the Faroe Islands, Tórshavn, Faroe Islands
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Faroe Islands, Tórshavn, Faroe Islands
- Center of Health Sciences, University of the Faroe Islands, Tórshavn, Faroe Islands
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Martin SS, Aday AW, Almarzooq ZI, Anderson CAM, Arora P, Avery CL, Baker-Smith CM, Barone Gibbs B, Beaton AZ, Boehme AK, Commodore-Mensah Y, Currie ME, Elkind MSV, Evenson KR, Generoso G, Heard DG, Hiremath S, Johansen MC, Kalani R, Kazi DS, Ko D, Liu J, Magnani JW, Michos ED, Mussolino ME, Navaneethan SD, Parikh NI, Perman SM, Poudel R, Rezk-Hanna M, Roth GA, Shah NS, St-Onge MP, Thacker EL, Tsao CW, Urbut SM, Van Spall HGC, Voeks JH, Wang NY, Wong ND, Wong SS, Yaffe K, Palaniappan LP. 2024 Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics: A Report of US and Global Data From the American Heart Association. Circulation 2024; 149:e347-e913. [PMID: 38264914 DOI: 10.1161/cir.0000000000001209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The American Heart Association (AHA), in conjunction with the National Institutes of Health, annually reports the most up-to-date statistics related to heart disease, stroke, and cardiovascular risk factors, including core health behaviors (smoking, physical activity, nutrition, sleep, and obesity) and health factors (cholesterol, blood pressure, glucose control, and metabolic syndrome) that contribute to cardiovascular health. The AHA Heart Disease and Stroke Statistical Update presents the latest data on a range of major clinical heart and circulatory disease conditions (including stroke, brain health, complications of pregnancy, kidney disease, congenital heart disease, rhythm disorders, sudden cardiac arrest, subclinical atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, cardiomyopathy, heart failure, valvular disease, venous thromboembolism, and peripheral artery disease) and the associated outcomes (including quality of care, procedures, and economic costs). METHODS The AHA, through its Epidemiology and Prevention Statistics Committee, continuously monitors and evaluates sources of data on heart disease and stroke in the United States and globally to provide the most current information available in the annual Statistical Update with review of published literature through the year before writing. The 2024 AHA Statistical Update is the product of a full year's worth of effort in 2023 by dedicated volunteer clinicians and scientists, committed government professionals, and AHA staff members. The AHA strives to further understand and help heal health problems inflicted by structural racism, a public health crisis that can significantly damage physical and mental health and perpetuate disparities in access to health care, education, income, housing, and several other factors vital to healthy lives. This year's edition includes additional global data, as well as data on the monitoring and benefits of cardiovascular health in the population, with an enhanced focus on health equity across several key domains. RESULTS Each of the chapters in the Statistical Update focuses on a different topic related to heart disease and stroke statistics. CONCLUSIONS The Statistical Update represents a critical resource for the lay public, policymakers, media professionals, clinicians, health care administrators, researchers, health advocates, and others seeking the best available data on these factors and conditions.
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Atherton OE, Willroth EC, Graham EK, Luo J, Mroczek DK, Lewis-Thames MW. Rural-urban differences in personality traits and well-being in adulthood. J Pers 2024; 92:73-87. [PMID: 36725776 PMCID: PMC10390645 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE One large focus of personality psychology is to understand the biopsychosocial factors responsible for adult personality development and well-being change. However, little is known about how macro-level contextual factors, such as rurality-urbanicity, are related to personality development and well-being change. METHOD The present study uses data from two large longitudinal studies of U.S. Americans (MIDUS, HRS) to examine whether there are rural-urban differences in levels and changes in the Big Five personality traits and well-being (i.e., psychological well-being, and life satisfaction) in adulthood. RESULTS Multilevel models showed that Americans who lived in more rural areas tended to have lower levels of openness, conscientiousness, and psychological well-being, and higher levels of neuroticism. With the exception of psychological well-being (which replicated across MIDUS and HRS), rural-urban differences in personality traits were only evident in the HRS sample. The effect of neuroticism was fully robust to the inclusion of socio-demographic and social network covariates, but other effects were partially robust (i.e., conscientiousness and openness) or were not robust at all (i.e., psychological well-being). In both samples, there were no rural-urban differences in Big Five or well-being change. CONCLUSIONS We discuss the implications of these findings for personality and rural health research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia E. Atherton
- University of Houston, Department of Psychology
- Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Medical Social Sciences
| | | | - Eileen K. Graham
- Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Medical Social Sciences
| | - Jing Luo
- Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Medical Social Sciences
| | - Daniel K. Mroczek
- Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Medical Social Sciences
- Northwestern University, Department of Psychology
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Peng C, Burr JA, Wu B, Li M. Hukou Status and Cognitive Function Among Older Chinese Adults: Does Support from Friends Matter? J Aging Health 2023:8982643231206819. [PMID: 37843840 DOI: 10.1177/08982643231206819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study examined whether older Chinese adults with different types of hukou status (government household registration system) exhibited different cognitive outcomes and whether receiving support from friends, an under-appreciated resource, helped mitigate the negative impacts of agricultural hukou status on cognitive health disparities. METHODS Using nationally representative data from the China Longitudinal Aging Social Survey, this study tested these relationships with well-validated measures. RESULTS Our results showed that older Chinese adults with agricultural hukou were more likely to have worse cognitive function than those with non-agricultural hukou. Further, friend support characteristics moderated the association between hukou status and cognitive function, whereby having better friend support was related to a weaker negative effect of agricultural hukou status on cognitive function. DISCUSSION The findings suggested that agricultural hukou status reflects the effects of accumulated disadvantage across the life course with negative consequences for late-life cognition. The cognitive health disparities between agricultural and non-agricultural residents may be reduced in the context of a higher level of friend support, supporting a stress buffering hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changmin Peng
- Department of Gerontology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Burr
- Department of Gerontology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bei Wu
- Rory Meyers College of Nursing and NYU Aging Incubator, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mengting Li
- Department of Social Security, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
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Liu W, Zheng R, Zhang Y, Zhang W. Differences in the influence of daily behavior on health among older adults in urban and rural areas: evidence from China. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1259204. [PMID: 37869199 PMCID: PMC10587611 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1259204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background As the population of older adult in China keeps growing, the degree of aging is becoming increasingly serious and the health of older adults is a growing concern. Comparing the personal characteristics and health levels of urban and rural older adults and determining the relationship between these factors are of great significance in maintaining their health. In addition, exploring how these relationships differ between urban and rural areas is important. Method This study conducted a literature review to examine the impact of various factors on the physical and mental health of older adults in urban and rural areas in China. Moreover, based on cross-sectional data from the 2017 Chinese General Social Survey (CGSS), urban-rural differences in the factors' degree of influence on the perceived health of older adults were studied using multiple logistic regression. Results Regular physical exercise had a powerful protective effect on urban older adults' physical and mental health, whereas regular participation in social activities had a positive impact on rural older adults' health. Low income, low educational level, low social trust, lack of a partner, and having more than one child negatively affected the physical health of rural older people. Low socioeconomic status had a negative impact on rural people's health both in mind and body. Overall, the rural adults' health status was found to be relatively low and deserves more attention. Conclusion This study demonstrated that older people's physical and mental health levels can be significantly affected by the frequency of daily activities and individual and family characteristics. Furthermore, urban-rural differences were observed. These findings could provide feasible suggestions for governments, communities, and older adults' family members to help alleviate health inequality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weizhong Liu
- Business School, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Research Center for Government Governance and Public Policy of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Renjie Zheng
- Business School, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Research Center for Government Governance and Public Policy of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Business School, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Research Center for Government Governance and Public Policy of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Wang Zhang
- Business School, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Research Center for Government Governance and Public Policy of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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Villamil-Cabello E, Meneses-Domínguez M, Fernández-Rodríguez Á, Ontoria-Álvarez P, Jiménez-Gutiérrez A, Fernández-del-Olmo M. A Pilot Study of the Effects of Individualized Home Dual Task Training by Mobile Health Technology in People with Dementia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:ijerph20085464. [PMID: 37107746 PMCID: PMC10138825 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20085464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this pilot study was to evaluate the effects of dual-task training implemented by mobile health technology on performance on motor and dual-task tests in subjects with dementia. Nineteen subjects with a medical diagnosis of dementia were assigned to an experimental group (EG, n = 12) or control group (CG, n = 7). The EG participated in 24 sessions (3/week) of a homebase dual-task exercises program, in addition to their ongoing cognitive and physiotherapy treatment. The training program was implemented individually in the patient's home by caregivers or relatives through electronic devices controlled by a mobile application. Before (Pre) and after (Post) the program, performance on motor and motor/cognitive (dual-task) tests were evaluated. Motor evaluation included gait at preferred and maximal speed, the Up and Go, and the Handgrip Strength test. Dual-task tests included gait with subtraction 3 s from 100 and naming animals (verbal fluency). The CG only performed the evaluations in addition to their cognitive and physiotherapy treatment. The statistical analysis (ANOVA Group*Test) showed a statically significant improvement for both dual-task tests in the EG after the training program, while the CG showed an impairment in the verbal fluency test. Conclusion: the implementation of a home exercise program carried out with mobile technology in people with dementia is feasible and positively affects their performance on dual tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Villamil-Cabello
- Centre for Sport Studies, Rey Juan Carlos University, 28943 Madrid, Spain; (E.V.-C.); (A.J.-G.)
- GO fitLAB, Ingesport, 28003 Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Alfonso Jiménez-Gutiérrez
- Centre for Sport Studies, Rey Juan Carlos University, 28943 Madrid, Spain; (E.V.-C.); (A.J.-G.)
- GO fitLAB, Ingesport, 28003 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Fernández-del-Olmo
- Centre for Sport Studies, Rey Juan Carlos University, 28943 Madrid, Spain; (E.V.-C.); (A.J.-G.)
- Correspondence:
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Lawrence E, John SE, Bhatta T. Urbanicity and cognitive functioning in later life. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 15:e12429. [PMID: 37124156 PMCID: PMC10130675 DOI: 10.1002/dad2.12429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Prior research has shown disparities in cognitive functioning across the rural-urban continuum. We examine individual- and contextual-level factors to understand how and why urbanicity shapes cognitive functioning across older adulthood. Methods Using a nationally representative sample from 1996 to 2016 waves of the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) and growth curve models, we assess urban-suburban-exurban differences in older adult cognitive functioning. Results Results demonstrate that older adult men and women living in exurban areas, and older adult men in suburban areas, have lower cognitive functioning scores compared to their urban peers. Educational attainment and marital status contribute to but do not fully explain these differences. There were no differences in the trajectory over age, suggesting that urbanicity disparities in cognition occur earlier in life, with average differences remaining the same across older adulthood. Discussion Differences in cognitive functioning across urbanicity are likely due to factors accumulating prior to older adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Samantha E. John
- Department of Brain HealthUniversity of NevadaLas VegasNevadaUSA
| | - Tirth Bhatta
- Department of SociologyUniversity of NevadaLas VegasNevadaUSA
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Cheng X, Fang Y, Zeng Y. How long can Chinese women work after retirement based on health level: Evidence from the CHARLS. Front Public Health 2023; 11:987362. [PMID: 36923039 PMCID: PMC10009266 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.987362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To further enhance the understanding of factors impacting female participation in the workforce based on health levels and to measure the excess work capacity of middle-aged and older female groups by residence and educational level. Methods Data of women aged 45-74 were accessed from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) from 2011, 2013, 2015, to 2018. The health status of women was comprehensively evaluated by single health variables and frailty index. A Probit model was used to measure the excess working capacity of women by region (rural/urban) and educational level, taking all women aged 45-49, rural women aged 45-49, and rural (illiterate) women in all age groups as the benchmark, respectively. Results The excess capacity of all Chinese women aged 50-64 is 1.9 years, and that of women aged 50-74 is 5.1 years. The excess work capacity of women in urban and rural areas and with different educational levels is heterogeneous. The excess working capacity of urban women aged 50-64 is 6.1-7.8 years, and that of urban women aged 50-74 is 9.8-14.9 years. The excess working capacity of urban women aged 50-64 is about 6 times that of rural women. The excess work capacity of highly educated women was 3 times higher than that of illiterate women. Conclusion The potential work capacity of Chinese women remains to be exploited, especially for urban and highly educated middle-aged and older women with better conditions of health, whose potential is more significant. A rational retirement policy for women and the progressive implementation of an equal retirement age for men and women will contribute to further advancement of gender equality and healthy aging in the workplace in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiya Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment of Fujian Province, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Ya Fang
- Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment of Fujian Province, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yanbing Zeng
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Community distress as a predictor of early hernia recurrence for older adults undergoing ventral hernia repair (VHR). Surg Endosc 2022:10.1007/s00464-022-09587-y. [PMID: 36138253 PMCID: PMC9510278 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-022-09587-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Background Social cohesion and neighborhood support have been linked to improved health in a variety of fields, but is not well-studied among the elderly population. This is particularly evident in surgical populations. Therefore, this study sought to assess the potential role of community distress in predicting early hernia recurrence among older adults. Methods The Abdominal Core Health Quality Collaborative (ACHQC) was used to identify patients aged 65 or older undergoing elective ventral hernia repair with zip code data available. Patients were linked to the Distressed Communities Index (DCI), which is a national database that assigns a score of 0–100 to each zip code based on 7 measures of neighborhood prosperity. Quintiles were used to compare groups: prosperous (0–20), comfortable (21–40), mid-tier (41–60), at-risk (61–80), and distressed (81–100). Distressed (0–20), at-risk (21–40), mid-tier (41–60), comfortable (61–80), and prosperous (81–100). Time to recurrence for neighborhood distress quintiles was examined using a Cox proportional hazards model. Results In total, 9819 patients were included in the study, including 3056 (31.1%) prosperous, 2307 (23.5%) comfortable, 1795 (18.2%) mid-tier, 1390 (14.2%) at-risk, and 1271 (12.9%) distressed. Distressed communities had lower mean age and greater proportion of racial minorities (p < 0.001). Open repairs were significantly more common among the distressed group (66.7%), as were all comorbidities (p < 0.001). Recurrence-free survival was shorter for distressed communities compared to prosperous after adjusting for baseline characteristics (HR 1.3, 95% CI 1.07–1.67, p = 0.01). Mean time to recurrence was lowest for patients living in distressed communities, indicating the worst recurrence rates, while mean time to recurrence was greatest for those in prosperous zip codes (p < 0.001). Conclusion Older VHR patients presenting from distressed zip codes, as identified by the Distressed Communities Index, experience hernia recurrence significantly sooner as compared to patients from prosperous zip codes. This study may provide evidence of the role of neighborhood and environmental factors in caring for older patients following VHR. Graphical abstract ![]()
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