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Hubner FCL, Telles RW, Giatti L, Machado LAC, Griep RH, Viana MC, Barreto SM, Camelo LV. Job stress and chronic low back pain: incidence, number of episodes, and severity in a 4-year follow-up of the ELSA-Brasil Musculoskeletal cohort. Pain 2024; 165:2554-2562. [PMID: 38787636 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000003276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT We investigated the association between job stress, as assessed by the effort-reward imbalance model, and the incidence of chronic low back pain (CLBP) over a 4-year period. A total of 1733 participants from the ELSA-Brasil Musculoskeletal cohort, who were free from LBP at baseline (2012-2014), were included. Episodes of LBP in the past 30 days, intensity, and the presence of disability were investigated in annual telephone follow-ups (2015-2018). Chronic LBP was defined as episodes of LBP lasting >3 months with at least moderate intensity. We analyzed the incidence of at least one episode of CLBP (yes/no), the number of CLBP episodes (0, 1, ≥2), and CLBP severity/disability (absent, nondisabling, severe/disabling). The association between these outcomes and tertiles of the effort-to-reward ratio, as well as each dimension of the effort-reward imbalance model, was investigated using multinomial logistic and Poisson regression models adjusting for sociodemographic and occupational variables. The cumulative incidence of CLBP over 4 years was 24.8%. High effort-reward imbalance increased the chances of experiencing multiple CLBP episodes and severe/disabling CLBP by 67% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.12-2.47) and 70% (95% CI: 1.14-2.53), respectively. High overcommitment increased the incidence of CLBP by 23% (95% CI: 1.01-1.50) and the chances of multiple CLBP episodes and severe/disabling CLBP by 67% (95% CI: 1.11-2.50) and 57% (95% CI: 1.05-2.34), respectively. These results indicate that exposure to job stress is associated with a higher incidence, a greater number of episodes, and increased severity of CLBP over a 4-year period. If this association is causal, measures aimed at reducing exposure to job stress are likely to alleviate the burden of CLBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Corsino Lima Hubner
- Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rosa Weiss Telles
- Faculdade de Medicina and Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Luana Giatti
- Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Faculdade de Medicina and Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Luciana A C Machado
- Faculdade de Medicina and Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Science Integrity Alliance, Sunrise, FL, United States
| | - Rosane Harter Griep
- Laboratory of Health and Environment Education, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Maria Carmen Viana
- Department of Social Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Collective Health, Universidade Federal do Espirito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
| | - Sandhi Maria Barreto
- Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Faculdade de Medicina and Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Lidyane V Camelo
- Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Faculdade de Medicina and Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Pan J, Cai X, Chen L, Wu L, Xia J, Lu J. Association between sleep quality and uncertainty stress among healthcare professionals in hospitals in China: a nationwide cross-sectional survey. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e087090. [PMID: 39448223 PMCID: PMC11499801 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2024-087090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 09/23/2024] [Indexed: 10/26/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Sleep quality is a critical concern among healthcare professionals, yet the role of uncertainty stress has been inadequately explored. This study aims to explore the associations between sleep quality and uncertainty stress among healthcare professionals working in Chinese hospitals. DESIGN Cross-sectional survey. SETTING Data were collected via a cross-sectional survey administered to healthcare professionals across three Chinese provinces from 29 September 2022 to 18 January 2023. PARTICIPANTS A total of 1902 participants contributed valid responses for analysis. PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURE Sleep quality. RESULTS Out of 1902 respondents, 26.4% reported uncertainty stress and 50.5% experienced insomnia. Binary logistic regression analysis revealed that higher uncertainty stress significantly predicted poor sleep quality (OR=3.89; 95% CI 3.06, 4.95; p<0.001) while controlling for sociodemographic characteristics. Furthermore, linear regression analysis confirmed the similar relationship between uncertainty stress and sleep quality (β=3.10; 95% CI 2.67, 3.52; p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS The study highlights a significant association between uncertainty stress and impaired sleep quality among Chinese healthcare professionals. These findings suggest the necessity for targeted strategies to mitigate uncertainty stress, which may potentially promote better sleep and overall well-being in healthcare settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjiang Pan
- Department of General Practice, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xixuan Cai
- Department of General Practice, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liying Chen
- Department of General Practice, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lihong Wu
- Department of General Practice, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jingjing Xia
- Department of General Practice, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jingjing Lu
- The Institute of Social and Family Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Koreki A, Sado M, Mitsukura Y, Tachimori H, Kubota A, Kanamori Y, Uchibori M, Usune S, Ninomiya A, Shirahama R, Fujimoto A, Inabe K, Miyata H, Mimura M. The association between salivary IL-6 and poor sleep quality assessed using Apple watches in stressed workers in Japan. Sci Rep 2024; 14:22620. [PMID: 39349506 PMCID: PMC11442746 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-70834-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 10/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Insomnia is a major concern among stressed workers worldwide. Although stress generally has a detrimental effect on sleep quality, the impact of biological stress, especially the immunological stress response, on sleep quality is not yet fully understood. Stressed workers were recruited through a screening process using a Brief Job Stress Questionnaire. The participants were asked to complete various occupation-related questionnaires. Additionally, saliva samples were collected to assess interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels as an immunological stress response. Subsequently, they were asked to wear an Apple Watch to record their sleep pattern for one week. Their sleep architecture was estimated using a previously published and validated method. Finally, data from 73 participants were analyzed. Our multivariable analysis revealed that shorter durations of slow-wave sleep (non-rapid eye movement sleep stage 3) were significantly associated with elevated IL-6 levels (p = 0.005) and greater daytime sleepiness (p = 0.002) after controlling for total sleep time. Our finding that a higher immunological stress response is associated with poor sleep quality contributes to a better understanding of insomnia in stressed workers and emphasizes the importance of stress management in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Koreki
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinanomachi 35, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
- Department of Psychiatry, NHO Shimofusa Psychiatric Medical Center, Chiba, Japan
- Mindfulness & Stress Research Center, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Sado
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinanomachi 35, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.
- Mindfulness & Stress Research Center, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan.
- Keio University Health Center, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Yasue Mitsukura
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinanomachi 35, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
- Department of System Design Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hisateru Tachimori
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Endowed Course for Health System Innovation, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Anna Kubota
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Kanamori
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Manae Uchibori
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shiyori Usune
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Ninomiya
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinanomachi 35, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
- Mindfulness & Stress Research Center, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryutaro Shirahama
- RESM Respiratory and Sleep Medical-Care Clinic, Tokyo/Yokohama, Japan
| | | | - Kanako Inabe
- Medical Headquarters, Eisai Co., Ltd, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Miyata
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaru Mimura
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinanomachi 35, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.
- Mindfulness & Stress Research Center, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan.
- Center for Preventive Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan.
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Kim CR, Kim SY, Kim J, Park EC, Ha MJ. Association between sleep patterns and alcohol use disorders in workers. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0308418. [PMID: 39106262 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0308418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Alcohol use among workers that is intended to aid sleep may lead to alcohol use disorders. This study aimed to explore the association between sleep patterns and alcohol use disorders in workers. Data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted in 2014, 2016, 2018, and 2020 were used for this study. We included only workers aged 19 years and older. The final analysis comprised 11,972 respondents (6,472 male and 5,500 female). Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the relationship between sleep patterns and alcohol use disorders. Workers with poor sleep patterns were more likely to develop alcohol use disorders compared to those with good sleep patterns (male: adjusted odds ratio [OR] 1.22, 95% confidence interval 1.07-1.39; female: adjusted OR 1.21, 95% CI 1.03-1.41). Workers with both poor sleep quality and less than seven hours of sleep had the highest odds of alcohol use disorders in both male (adjusted OR 1.73, 95% CI 1.38-2.17) and female (adjusted OR 1.44, 95% CI 1.13-1.84). Poor sleep patterns were associated with alcohol use disorders in male who work night shift (OR: 1.74, 95% CI: 1.25-2.42) and in female who worked more than 52 hours per week (adjusted OR: 1.71, 95% CI: 1.04-2.80). Customized sleep management programs should be provided to workers in sleep-deprived working environments to prevent them from developing alcohol use disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cho Rong Kim
- Department of Health Policy Management, Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Young Kim
- Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinhyun Kim
- Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Psychiatry, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Cheol Park
- Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jin Ha
- Department of Health Informatics and Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Cao Q, Wu H, Tang X, Zhang Q, Zhang Y. Effect of occupational stress and resilience on insomnia among nurses during COVID-19 in China: a structural equation modelling analysis. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e080058. [PMID: 38969387 PMCID: PMC11227768 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-080058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore the effects of occupational stress and resilience on insomnia among Chinese nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic. DESIGN, SETTINGS AND PARTICIPANTS A quantitative description study. The data were collected via a cross-sectional survey. A total of 725 front-line nurses at three tertiary hospitals in western China were included from December 2022 to January 2023. The Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, Job Content Questionnaire, and Athens Insomnia Scale were used to collect data from a self-reported online questionnaire. OUTCOME MEASURES The outcome variable was insomnia, and structural equation modelling was used to assess the associations among resilience, occupational stress and insomnia. RESULTS The prevalence of insomnia among the participants was 58.76%. The structural equation model showed that resilience had a negative direct effect on insomnia and occupational stress, and occupational stress had a positive direct effect on insomnia. Involvement in COVID-19-related work has a positive effect on insomnia through occupational stress. In contrast, higher education levels improved insomnia through increased resilience. CONCLUSION A significantly higher prevalence of insomnia has been observed among Chinese nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic. Our study suggests that better resilience may improve insomnia by relieving occupational stress, and implementing measures to promote resilience is essential to reduce occupational stress in nurses and improve their sleep quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiyuan Cao
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Huiyi Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiumei Tang
- Institute of Hospital Management, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qin Zhang
- Department of Postgraduate Students, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Periodical Press and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Chinese Evidence-Based Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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6
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Zheng Y, Bao J, Tang L, Chen C, Guo W, Li K, Zhang R, Wu J. Association between weekend catch-up sleep and depression of the United States population from 2017 to 2018: A cross-sectional study. Sleep Med 2024; 119:9-16. [PMID: 38631161 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2024.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Insufficient sleep on weekdays has become a societal norm, and studies have shown that sleep deprivation increases the risk of depression. Although individuals often resort to weekend catch-up sleep (CUS) as a compensatory measure, the present evidence supporting its efficacy in mitigating the risk of depression is limited. This article attempts to explore the relationship between CUS and depression. In this study, a total of 5510 participants were included, characterized into two groups: nondepressed (n = 5051) and depressed (n = 459), with data extracted from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Compared with people without CUS, those practicing CUS exhibited a significantly lower risk of depression (OR = 0.81, P = 0.048). In subgroup analysis, this reduction effect was only observed in males (OR = 0.70, 95 % CI 0.05 to 0.99, P = 0.04), middle-aged (>40, ≤60) (OR: 0.57, 95 % CI: 0.40 to 0.81, P = 0.002), married or living with parents (OR: 0.61, 95 % CI: 0.44 to 0.86, P = 0.004), groups with three or more family members (OR: 0.69, 95 % CI: 0.52 to 0.93, P = 0.01), and individuals without alcohol intake (OR: 0.24,95 % CI: 0.09 to 0.67, P = 0.006). Therefore, in the realm of depression treatment, doctors may consider advising patients to get adequate sleep on weekends as part of their overall treatment plan. At the same time, individuals can also choose weekend sleep as a proactive strategy for regulating their psychological status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxu Zheng
- Department of Neurology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Jing Bao
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Long Tang
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Chuhua Chen
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Weiqin Guo
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Kecheng Li
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Ruxu Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
| | - Jinze Wu
- Department of Neurology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
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7
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Ta Z, Gilles AA, Parsinejad N, Egger MJ, Baron KG. Predicting the Persistence of Insomnia Symptoms during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Behav Sleep Med 2024; 22:433-445. [PMID: 38148617 DOI: 10.1080/15402002.2023.2298377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The goal of this study is to evaluate the factors associated with vulnerability and course of insomnia longitudinally in the COVID-19 pandemic and examine differences between: (a) those who never demonstrated clinical insomnia symptoms, (b) those who demonstrated clinically elevated insomnia symptoms at 1 or 2 time points, and (c) those who demonstrated clinically elevated insomnia symptoms at all 3 time points. METHODS Participants (≥18 years old) completed measures of insomnia (ISI), depression (PHQ-8), anxiety (GAD-7), and pre-sleep arousal (PSAS) at 3 time points (baseline, 1 month, and 3 months). Data were analyzed using univariable odds ratios and multivariable multicategory logistic regression to determine demographic, psychological, and behavioral predictors of insomnia persistence. RESULTS A total of 129 participants completed all 3 assessments (70 female, age M = 44 years, SD = 16). We found that 40% (N = 51) never had insomnia symptoms, 33% (N = 42) reported transient insomnia symptoms (1 or 2 time points), and 28% (N = 36) reported persistent insomnia symptoms (all 3 time points). From the multivariable multicategory logistic analyses, pre-sleep arousal, gender, and income were significant predictors of insomnia persistence. CONCLUSIONS Findings indicate elevated insomnia symptoms were persistent in a substantial number of individuals throughout the pandemic. Results suggest additional insomnia and psychological interventions are needed to improve sleep and mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Ta
- Division of Public Health, Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Allyson A Gilles
- Division of Public Health, Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Nasim Parsinejad
- Division of Public Health, Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Marlene J Egger
- Division of Public Health, Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Kelly Glazer Baron
- Division of Public Health, Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
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Coelho J, Lucas G, Micoulaud-Franchi JA, Philip P, Boyer L, Fond G. Poor sleep is associated with work environment among 10,087 French healthcare workers: Results from a nationwide survey. Psychiatry Res 2023; 328:115448. [PMID: 37713924 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Poor sleep is a prevalent issue among healthcare workers and can have detrimental effects on their health. Various individual and professional factors, including the work environment, may contribute to poor sleep. However, only a limited number of studies have examined the simultaneous influence of these factors. Hence, we conducted a nationwide survey among graduated healthcare workers in both public and private healthcare facilities in France. The aim was to analyze the association between poor sleep, assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (>5), and the work environment, evaluated using the Job Content Questionnaire. The study encompassed 10,087 healthcare workers, among whom 6,540 (64.8%) reported experiencing poor sleep. Nurses, health executives, nursing assistants, and other allied healthcare professionals were more likely to experience poor sleep compared to physicians. Through multivariate regression analysis, we identified several aspects of the work environment associated with an increased likelihood of poor sleep. These factors included high speed and quantity of work, high complexity and intensity, high fragmentation and unpredictability, limited decision-making latitude, underutilization of skills, lack of emotional support from colleagues, and sustained workplace bullying. These findings highlight the significance of considering the work environment in addressing sleep issues among healthcare professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Coelho
- Univ. Bordeaux, SANPSY, UMR 6033, F-33000, Bordeaux, France; CNRS, SANPSY, UMR 6033, F-33000, Bordeaux, France; CHU Bordeaux, Service Universitaire de Médecine du sommeil, F-33000, Bordeaux France
| | - Guillaume Lucas
- Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille, Aix-Marseille University, CEReSS-Health Service Research and Quality of Life Center, 27, boulevard Jean -Moulin, 13005, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Arthur Micoulaud-Franchi
- Univ. Bordeaux, SANPSY, UMR 6033, F-33000, Bordeaux, France; CNRS, SANPSY, UMR 6033, F-33000, Bordeaux, France; CHU Bordeaux, Service Universitaire de Médecine du sommeil, F-33000, Bordeaux France
| | - Pierre Philip
- Univ. Bordeaux, SANPSY, UMR 6033, F-33000, Bordeaux, France; CNRS, SANPSY, UMR 6033, F-33000, Bordeaux, France; CHU Bordeaux, Service Universitaire de Médecine du sommeil, F-33000, Bordeaux France
| | - Laurent Boyer
- Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille, Aix-Marseille University, CEReSS-Health Service Research and Quality of Life Center, 27, boulevard Jean -Moulin, 13005, Marseille, France; Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France
| | - Guillaume Fond
- Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille, Aix-Marseille University, CEReSS-Health Service Research and Quality of Life Center, 27, boulevard Jean -Moulin, 13005, Marseille, France; Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France.
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Zhang H, Cao J, Liu A, Gao Q, Nie J, Zhou X, Huang J, Sun C, Wang T. Association of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolite concentration in urine and occupational stress in underground coal miners in China: propensity score and bayesian kernel machine regression. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-27321-6. [PMID: 37147546 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-27321-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
This study intends to examine the association of urinary monohydroxyl PAHs (OH-PAHs) concentration and occupational stress in coal miners. We sampled 671 underground coal miners from Datong, China, assessed their occupational stress using the Occupational Stress Inventory-Revised edition (OSI-R), and categorized them into the high stress miners and controls based on that. We determined urinary OH-PAHs concentration using ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, and analyzed its association with occupational stress using multiple linear regression, covariate balancing generalized propensity score (CBGPS), and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR). The low molecular weight (LMW) OH-PAHs in quartile or homologue was significantly positively associated with Occupational Role Questionnaire (ORQ) and Personal Strain Questionnaire (PSQ) score, but was not associated with Personal Resources Questionnaire (PRQ) score. The OH-PAHs concentration was positively associated with ORQ and PSQ scores in coal miners, particularly the LMW OH-PAHs. Non-association was found in the OH-PAHs with PRQ score.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, 56 Xinjian South Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and Prevention (Shanxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, 56 Xinjian South Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingjing Cao
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, 56 Xinjian South Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, People's Republic of China
| | - Aixiang Liu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, 56 Xinjian South Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Gao
- Key Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and Prevention (Shanxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, 56 Xinjian South Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, People's Republic of China
- Department of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, 56 Xinjian South Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, People's Republic of China
| | - Jisheng Nie
- Key Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and Prevention (Shanxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, 56 Xinjian South Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, People's Republic of China
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, 56 Xinjian South Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoling Zhou
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, 56 Xinjian South Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianjun Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Datong Coal Mining Group, Datong, 7 Xinpingwangwei 1 Ave, Datong, Shanxi, 037003, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenming Sun
- Department of Urology, General Hospital of Datong Coal Mining Group, 7 Xinpingwangwei 1 Ave, Datong, Shanxi, 037003, People's Republic of China
| | - Tong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and Prevention (Shanxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, 56 Xinjian South Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, 56 Xinjian South Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, People's Republic of China.
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Kinnunen U, Mäkikangas A. Longitudinal Profiles of Recovery-Enhancing Processes: Job-Related Antecedents and Well-Being Outcomes. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:5382. [PMID: 37047996 PMCID: PMC10094142 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20075382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to examine longitudinal recovery profiles based on three recovery-enhancing processes, i.e., psychological detachment from work, physical exercise, and sleep. In addition, we examined whether job-related demands and resources predict profile membership and whether profile membership predicts well-being outcomes. The participants were Finnish employees (N = 664) who filled in an electronic questionnaire in three successive years. Latent profile analysis (LPA) revealed five stable profiles of recovery-enhancing processes across time: (1) physically inactive, highly detaching (15%), (2) impaired recovery processes (19%), (3) enhanced recovery processes (25%), (4) physically active, poorly detaching and sleeping (19%), and (5) physically active (29%). In addition, job-related antecedents and well-being outcomes showed unique differences between the five profiles identified. Altogether, our study takes recovery research a step forward in helping to understand how recovery-enhancing processes function simultaneously over the long-term and suggests that, from the perspective of well-being, detachment from work and good sleep are more crucial recovery processes than physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulla Kinnunen
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Psychology, Tampere University, 33014 Tampere, Finland
| | - Anne Mäkikangas
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Work Research Centre, Tampere University, 33014 Tampere, Finland
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11
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Yoo J, Slavish D, Dietch JR, Kelly K, Ruggero C, Taylor DJ. Daily reactivity to stress and sleep disturbances: unique risk factors for insomnia. Sleep 2023; 46:zsac256. [PMID: 36301838 PMCID: PMC9905776 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsac256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES To naturalistically measure sleep disturbances following stress exposure (i.e. sleep reactivity) and stress responses following sleep disturbances (i.e. stress reactivity) at the daily level and prospectively examine these reactivity measures as individual risk factors for insomnia. METHODS The study assessed 392 nurses' sleep and stress for 14 days using daily diaries and actigraphy. Self-reported insomnia symptoms were assessed at the end of the 14 days, as well as 6 and 11 months later. RESULTS In multilevel modeling, while negative fixed effects indicated that shorter total sleep time (TST) and lower sleep efficiency led to greater stress and vice versa, significant random effects indicated individual variability in sleep reactivity and stress reactivity. In latent score change modeling, greater sleep reactivity (lower diary-determined sleep efficiency following greater stress) and greater stress reactivity (greater stress following shorter diary-determined TST) at baseline were associated with greater insomnia symptoms at 11 months (b = 10.34, p = .026; b = 7.83, p = .03). Sleep reactivity and stress reactivity also interacted to predict insomnia symptoms, such that sleep reactivity was significantly associated with insomnia symptoms for those with high (+1 SD) stress reactivity (b = 17.23, p = .001), but not for those with low (-1 SD) stress reactivity (b = 5.16, p = .315). CONCLUSIONS Baseline stress reactivity and sleep reactivity independently as well as jointly predict greater insomnia symptoms 11 months later. The findings delineate processes underlying the stress-diathesis model of insomnia and highlight the utility of longitudinal and naturalistic measures of sleep and stress reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiah Yoo
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, 1503 E University Blvd. Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Danica Slavish
- Department of Psychology, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle #311280, Denton, TX 76203, USA
| | - Jessica R Dietch
- School of Psychological Science, Oregon State University, 2950 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Kimberly Kelly
- Department of Psychology, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle #311280, Denton, TX 76203, USA
| | - Camilo Ruggero
- Department of Psychology, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle #311280, Denton, TX 76203, USA
| | - Daniel J Taylor
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, 1503 E University Blvd. Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
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12
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Nelson ME, Lee S, Allen TD, Buxton OM, Almeida DM, Andel R. Goldilocks at work: Just the right amount of job demands may be needed for your sleep health. Sleep Health 2023; 9:40-48. [PMID: 36372656 PMCID: PMC9991992 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleh.2022.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES It has been reported that job demands affect sleep, but how different levels of job demands affect sleep remains unclear. We examined whether curvilinear relationships exist between job demands and multiple sleep health outcomes. DESIGN Cross-sectional analyses with linear and quadratic effects, using self-administered survey data. SETTING A national sample of US adults. PARTICIPANTS Workers from Midlife in the United States Study (MIDUS2; n = 2927). MEASUREMENTS The Job Content Questionnaire assessed overall and 5 specific aspects of job demands (intensity, role conflict, work overload, time pressure, and interruptions). Habitual sleep health patterns across 5 dimensions (regularity, satisfaction/quality, daytime alertness, efficiency, and duration) were assessed. Age, sex, race/ethnicity, marital/partnered status, education, job tenure, work hours, body mass index, smoking status, and study sample were covariates. RESULTS There were significant linear and quadratic relationships between job demands and sleep outcomes. Specifically, the linear effects indicated that participants with higher job demands had worse sleep health, such as shorter duration, greater irregularity, greater inefficiency, and more sleep dissatisfaction. The quadratic effects, however, indicated that sleep regularity and efficiency outcomes were the best when participants' job demands were moderate rather than too low or too high. These effects were found for overall job demands as well as for specific aspects of job demands. Stratified analyses further revealed that these curvilinear associations were mainly driven by participants with low job control. CONCLUSIONS Moderate levels of job demands, especially if combined with adequate job control, are related to optimal sleep health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica E Nelson
- School of Aging Studies, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA.
| | - Soomi Lee
- School of Aging Studies, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Tammy D Allen
- Department of Psychology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Orfeu M Buxton
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - David M Almeida
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ross Andel
- Center for Innovation in Healthy and Resilient Aging, Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona, USA; Department of Neurology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
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13
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Kuo W, Ersig AL, Kunkul F, Brown RL, Oakley LD. Linking chronic stress to insomnia symptoms in older adults: The role of stress co-occurrence during the pandemic. Res Nurs Health 2023; 46:68-79. [PMID: 36445114 PMCID: PMC9839487 DOI: 10.1002/nur.22278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Studies examining the associations of chronic stressors with sleep health in older adults have shown conflicting results. While the COVID-19 pandemic increased perceived stress at the population level, less is known about chronic stressors experienced by older adults in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on sleep health in an aging population. This study aims to examine the association of older adults' chronic stress with insomnia symptoms during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. A cross-sectional analysis was performed using early-release COVID-19 data from the Health and Retirement Study. Data on chronic stressors and insomnia symptoms in older adults (N = 2021; mean age = 68.8) were examined. Co-occurrence network analysis, latent class analysis, Rao-Scott χ2 tests, and multivariable logistic regression were used to characterize the co-occurrence of chronic stressors and associations with insomnia symptoms. The most common co-occurring chronic stressors during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic were self-health issues, family-health issues, and financial stress. Older adults experiencing frequent stress co-occurrence had 91% higher odds of difficulty initiating sleep (p < 0.001), 40% higher odds of frequent nocturnal awakening (p = 0.028), and 83% higher odds of nonrestorative sleep (p < 0.001). However, adjustment for health risk factors and COVID-19 concerns attenuated the effects, leaving strongest association for difficulty initiating sleep (odds ratio = 1.51, p = 0.010). Frequent stress co-occurrence plays an important role linking chronic stress to insomnia symptoms in an aging population. Ongoing research is needed to examine the lingering effects of frequent stress co-occurrence on older adults' sleep health in the post COVID-19 era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan‐Chin Kuo
- School of Nursing University of Wisconsin–Madison Madison Wisconsin USA
| | - Anne L. Ersig
- School of Nursing University of Wisconsin–Madison Madison Wisconsin USA
| | - Fatih Kunkul
- School of Nursing University of Wisconsin–Madison Madison Wisconsin USA
| | - Roger L. Brown
- School of Nursing University of Wisconsin–Madison Madison Wisconsin USA
| | - Linda D. Oakley
- School of Nursing University of Wisconsin–Madison Madison Wisconsin USA
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14
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Sørengaard TA, Langvik E, Olsen A, Saksvik-Lehouillier I. Predictors of insomnia symptoms in police employees: a longitudinal investigation and comparison of personality and psychosocial work factors. COGENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/23311908.2022.2137246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Eva Langvik
- Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Alexander Olsen
- Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, St. Olav’s Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Norway
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15
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Rosenström T, Tuisku K, Suvisaari J, Pukkala E, Junttila K, Haravuori H, Elovainio M, Haapa T, Jylhä P, Laukkala T. Healthcare workers' heterogeneous mental-health responses to prolonging COVID-19 pandemic: a full year of monthly follow up in Finland. BMC Psychiatry 2022; 22:724. [PMID: 36402992 PMCID: PMC9675158 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-022-04389-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic strained healthcare workers but the individual challenges varied in relation to actual work and changes in work. We investigated changes in healthcare workers' mental health under prolonging COVID-19 pandemic conditions, and heterogeneity in the mental-health trajectories. METHODS A monthly survey over a full year was conducted for employees of the HUS Helsinki University Hospital (n = 4804) between 4th June 2020 to 28th May 2021. Pandemic-related potentially traumatic events (PTEs), work characteristics (e.g., contact to COVID-19 patients), local COVID-19 incidence, and demographic covariates were used to predict Mental Health Index-5 (MHI-5) and Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) in generalized multilevel and latent-class mixed model regressions. RESULTS Local COVID-19 log-incidence (odds ratio, OR = 1.21, with 95% CI = 1.10-1.60), directly caring for COVID-19 patients (OR = 1.33, CI = 1.10-1.60) and PTEs (OR = 4.57, CI = 3.85-5.43) were all independently associated with psychological distress, when (additionally) adjusting for age, sex, profession, and calendar time. Effects of COVID-19 incidence on mental health were dissociable from calendar time (i.e., evolved in time) whereas those on sleep were not. Latent mental-health trajectories were characterized by a large class of "stable mental health" (62% of employees) and minority classes for "early shock, improving" (14%) and "early resilience, deteriorating" mental health (24%). The minority classes, especially "early shock, improving", were more likely to live alone and be exposed to PTEs than the others. CONCLUSIONS Healthcare workers faced changing and heterogeneous mental-health challenges as the COVID-19 pandemic prolonged. Adversity and mental ill-being may have accumulated in some employees, and factors like living arrangements may have played a role. Knowledge on employees' demographic and socioeconomic background, as well as further research on the factors affecting employees' resilience, may help in maintaining healthy and efficient workforce in the face of a prolonging pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Rosenström
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Katinka Tuisku
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Helsinki and Acute Psychiatry and Consultations, HUS Helsinki University Hospital, 00029, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jaana Suvisaari
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Mental Health Team, 00271, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eero Pukkala
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, 33100, Tampere, Finland
| | - Kristiina Junttila
- Nursing Research Center, HUS Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, 00029, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Henna Haravuori
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Mental Health Team, 00271, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marko Elovainio
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Health Services Research, 00271, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Toni Haapa
- Nursing Research Center, HUS Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, 00029, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pekka Jylhä
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Helsinki and Acute Psychiatry and Consultations, HUS Helsinki University Hospital, 00029, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tanja Laukkala
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Helsinki and Acute Psychiatry and Consultations, HUS Helsinki University Hospital, 00029, Helsinki, Finland
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16
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Davis CJ, Schmidt MA, Hemmer K, Krömmelbein N, Seilheimer B. Multicomponent drug Neurexan mitigates acute stress-induced insomnia in rats. J Sleep Res 2022; 31:e13550. [PMID: 35060218 PMCID: PMC9786571 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.13550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine whether the multicomponent drug Neurexan could mitigate acute insomnia after exposure to a psychosocial stressor. We administered Neurexan orally to rats and examined stress-induced insomnia using the male rat dirty cage exchange method. The neurocircuitry and electrophysiological correlates of the model are characterised, and it represents various human insomnia conditions. Male rats were randomly assigned in a crossover design to six treatment groups and electroencephalography (EEG) electrodes attached. Three groups were exposed to a cage inhabited by another male rat for a week and the other three groups received a clean cage. Prior to cage change, rats were given either no drug, vehicle control or Neurexan. Non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep, REM sleep, and waking were assessed manually via EEG recordings. Group means were compared for sleep latency and for the 2 h after cage change for: time in each state, state-specific episode duration/frequency, in addition to NREM delta, gamma and REM theta EEG spectral power. Rats administered Neurexan fell asleep faster than vehicle-treated rats and spent less time awake with shorter, albeit more waking episodes and increased NREM episodes after dirty cage exposure. Neurexan-treated rats given dirty cages were not statistically different on any outcomes from Neurexan-treated rats given clean cages, thereby mitigating the stressor. In the EEG power spectra analysed, changes between treatment groups were not detected. This research confirms that Neurexan treatment has somnogenic effects and ameliorates psychological stressor-induced acute insomnia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J. Davis
- Department of Translational Medicine and Physiology in the Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine and Sleep and Performance Research CenterWashington State UniversitySpokaneWAUSA
| | - Michelle A. Schmidt
- Department of Translational Medicine and Physiology in the Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine and Sleep and Performance Research CenterWashington State UniversitySpokaneWAUSA
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17
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Li P, Liang Z, Yuan Z, Li G, Wang Y, Huang W, Zeng L, Yang J, Zhou X, Li J, Su L, Zhou Y. Relationship between perceived stress and depression in Chinese front-line medical staff during COVID-19: A conditional process model. J Affect Disord 2022; 311:40-46. [PMID: 35584726 PMCID: PMC9107392 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.05.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sustained stress during COVID-19 may be associated with depression in front-line medical staff, which would expose them to severe threats. This study aimed to examine whether the relationship between perceived stress and depression is mediated by insomnia, and whether this mediation is moderated by resilience. METHODS For front-line medical staff, this study used online questionnaire to evaluate their perceived stress, depression, insomnia and resilience. A conditional process model was performed to examine the relationship between perceived stress and depression, as well as the mediating effect of insomnia and the moderating effect of resilience. RESULTS A total of 606 front-line medical staff completed the survey. Higher level of perceived stress was significantly positively related to severe insomnia and depression. In addition, insomnia was positively related to depression, while resilience could moderate the effect of perceived stress on depression by direct and indirect paths. LIMITATIONS The causality among perceived stress, depression, insomnia and resilience is difficult to be verified. CONCLUSIONS Perceived stress is positively related to depression, and insomnia can mediate the effect of perceived stress on depression. In addition, the effect of perceived stress on depression, whether direct or indirect, is moderated by resilience, which is a protective factor for mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Li
- Institute of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhen Liang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhaojing Yuan
- Qingdao Mental Health Center, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Guohua Li
- Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yanni Wang
- Institute of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | | | - Jiezhi Yang
- Shenzhen Health Development Research Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Research Center for Psychological and Health Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Junchang Li
- Shenzhen Mental Health Center, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Li Su
- Institute of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.
| | - Yongjie Zhou
- Shenzhen Mental Health Center, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen, China.
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18
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Kinnunen U, Van Laethem M, Sianoja M, de Bloom J. Daily sleep in relation to subjective and physiological stress in an occupational context: Daily vigour as a mediator. Stress Health 2022; 39:323-334. [PMID: 35932229 DOI: 10.1002/smi.3185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Studies on the stress-sleep relationship consistently demonstrate negative effects of stress on sleep. The reversed relation, however, has received less research attention. Also, field studies on physiological stress are scarce. The aim of this day-level diary study was to examine daily relationships between sleep quality and quantity, and subjective and physiological stress in an occupational context. Moreover, we examined daily vigour as an underlying mechanism of the sleep-stress relationship. Participants were 167 knowledge workers who filled in daily questionnaires measuring sleep quality and quantity, morning vigour and subjective afternoon stress on Tuesdays and Thursdays for 5 weeks. Physiological stress was assessed with cortisol decline from morning peak to evening, and with blood pressure in the afternoon. Multilevel path analysis results showed that better sleep quality and longer sleep hours predicted increased vigour the following morning, which in turn predicted lower subjective stress in the afternoon. Sleep quality and quantity were not related to physiological stress neither directly nor indirectly via morning vigour. On the basis of our results, sleep should be considered as a factor affecting vigour which in turn seems to lower stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulla Kinnunen
- Faculty of Social Sciences (Psychology), Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Michelle Van Laethem
- Department of Work and Organizational Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marjaana Sianoja
- Faculty of Social Sciences (Psychology), Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Jessica de Bloom
- Faculty of Social Sciences (Psychology), Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.,Faculty of Economics and Business, HRM & OB, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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19
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Robbins R, Quan SF, Buysse D, Weaver MD, Walker MP, Drake CL, Monten K, Barger LK, Rajaratnam SM, Roth T, Czeisler CA. A Nationally Representative Survey Assessing Restorative Sleep in US Adults. FRONTIERS IN SLEEP 2022; 1:935228. [PMID: 36042946 PMCID: PMC9423762 DOI: 10.3389/frsle.2022.935228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Restorative sleep is a commonly used term but a poorly defined construct. Few studies have assessed restorative sleep in nationally representative samples. We convened a panel of 7 expert physicians and researchers to evaluate and enhance available measures of restorative sleep. We then developed the revised Restorative Sleep Questionnaire (REST-Q), which comprises 9 items assessing feelings resulting from the prior sleep episode, each with 5-point Likert response scales. Finally, we assessed the prevalence of high, somewhat, and low REST-Q scores in a nationally representative sample of US adults (n= 1,055) and examined the relationship of REST-Q scores with other sleep and demographic characteristics. Pairwise correlations were performed between the REST-Q scores and other self-reported sleep measures. Weighted logistic regression analyses were conducted to compare scores on the REST-Q with demographic variables. The prevalence of higher REST-Q scores (4 or 5 on the Likert scale) was 28.1% in the nationally representative sample. REST-Q scores positively correlated with sleep quality (r=0.61) and sleep duration (r=0.32), and negatively correlated with both difficulty falling asleep (r=-0.40) and falling back asleep after waking (r=-0.41). Higher restorative sleep scores (indicating more feelings of restoration upon waking) were more common among those who were: ≥60 years of age (OR=4.20, 95%CI: 1.92-9.17); widowed (OR=2.35, 95%CI:1.01-5.42), and retired (OR=2.02, 95%CI:1.30-3.14). Higher restorative sleep scores were less frequent among those who were not working (OR=0.36, 95%CI: 0.10-1.00) and living in a household with two or more persons (OR=0.51,95%CI:0.29-0.87). Our findings suggest that the REST-Q may be useful for assessing restorative sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Robbins
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine; Brigham & Women’s Hospital; Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stuart F. Quan
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine; Brigham & Women’s Hospital; Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel Buysse
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Matthew D. Weaver
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine; Brigham & Women’s Hospital; Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA, USA
| | - Matthew P. Walker
- Center for Human Sleep Science, Department of Psychology, University of California; Berkeley, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Laura K. Barger
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine; Brigham & Women’s Hospital; Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shantha M.W. Rajaratnam
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine; Brigham & Women’s Hospital; Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA, USA
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University; Melbourne, Victoria, AU
- Institute for Breathing and Sleep, Austin Health; Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Thomas Roth
- Sleep Disorders and Research Center, Henry Ford Hospital; Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Charles A. Czeisler
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine; Brigham & Women’s Hospital; Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Brigham & Women’s Hospital; Boston, MA, USA
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20
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Du J, Liu Z, Zhang X, Shao P, Hua Y, Li Y, Lang H, Ni C. Occupational Stress and Insomnia Symptoms Among Nurses During the Outbreak of COVID-19 in China: The Chain Mediating Effect of Perceived Organizational Support and Psychological Capital. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:882385. [PMID: 35873265 PMCID: PMC9300995 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.882385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nurses play an important role in medical and health services and insomnia symptoms were relatively high among nurses, especially during the epidemic of 2019 coronavirus disease. Insomnia not only damages the physical and mental health of the individual, but also reduces the efficiency of their work and the quality of care, ultimately impacting on patient care. Objective The purpose of this study was to explore the role of perceived organizational support and psychological capital in the relationship between occupational stress and insomnia among Chinese nurses. Methods A cross-sectional study has been carried out in a tertiary grade A hospital in Shandong Province, China from March 2021 to May 2021. The self-administered questionnaires were distributed to 810 nurses, which including Chinese Effort-Reward Imbalance Scale, Athens Insomnia Scale, Perceived Organizational Support Questionnaire, Chinese Psychological Capital Questionnaire, gender, age, education level and other demographic characteristics. Effective respondents were 658 (81.2%). Descriptive analysis, independent-samples t-test, one-way analysis of variance, Pearson correlation analyses, ordinary least-squares regression and the bootstrap method were used for data analysis. Results The prevalence of insomnia symptoms in this study was found to be 57.3%. There were significant differences in insomnia symptoms in weekly working hours (t = -2.027, P = 0.043), with chronic disease (t = -2.825, P = 0.005), negative life events (t = -5.340, P < 0.001), departments (F = 3.077, P = 0.006) and position (t = 2.322, P = 0.021) among nurses. Overall, the serial-multiple mediations of perceived organizational support and psychological capital in the relationship between occupational stress and insomnia were found to be statistically significant. Conclusions The prevalence of insomnia symptoms was comparatively high among Chinese nurses, and occupational stress had direct negative influence on it. Perceived organizational support and psychological capital acted as chained mediating factor could partially relieve insomnia symptoms related to occupational stress. Supportive working environment should be provided, and improving psychological capital levels to help nurses coping with insomnia symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Du
- School of Nursing, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhuo Liu
- School of Nursing, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xuejing Zhang
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Pei Shao
- School of Nursing, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yan Hua
- School of Nursing, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yang Li
- School of Nursing, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hongjuan Lang
- School of Nursing, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chunping Ni
- School of Nursing, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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Effects of Work Stress and Period3 Gene Polymorphism and Their Interaction on Sleep Quality of Non-Manual Workers in Xinjiang, China: A Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19116843. [PMID: 35682425 PMCID: PMC9180753 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19116843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Work stress has been found to be associated with sleep quality in various occupational groups, and genetic factors such as variable number tandem repeat polymorphism in the Period3 (Per3) gene also influence the circadian sleep-wake process. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the sleep quality status of non-manual workers in Xinjiang, China and to analyse the effects of work stress and Per3 gene polymorphism and their interaction on sleep quality. A cluster sampling method was used to randomly select 1700 non-manual workers in Urumqi, Xinjiang. The work stress and sleep quality of these workers were evaluated using the Effort−Reward Imbalance Inventory (ERI) and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Next, 20% of the questionnaire respondents were randomly selected for genetic polymorphism analysis. The polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism technique was used to determine Per3 gene polymorphism. The detection rate of sleep quality problems differed between the different work stress groups (p < 0.05), suggesting that non-manual workers with high levels of work stress are more likely to have sleep quality problems. Regression analysis revealed that the Per3 gene (OR = 3.315, 95% CI: 1.672−6.574) was the influencing factor for poor sleep quality after adjusting for confounding factors, such as occupation, length of service, education, and monthly income. Interaction analysis showed that Per34/5,5/5 × high work stress (OR = 2.511, 95% CI: 1.635−3.855) had a higher risk of developing sleep quality problems as compared to Per34/4 × low work stress after adjusting for confounding factors. The structural equation modelling showed no mediating effect between work stress and Per3 gene polymorphism. The results of this study show that both work stress and Per3 gene polymorphism independently affect sleep quality of nonmanual workers from Xinjiang, and the interaction between these two factors may increase the risk of sleep quality problems. Therefore, to improve sleep quality, individuals with genetic susceptibility should avoid or reduce as much as possible self-stimulation by work-related exposures such as high levels of external work stress.
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22
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Lay awake with a racing mind: The associations between sexual objectification, insomnia, and affective symptoms. J Affect Disord 2022; 299:359-366. [PMID: 34915082 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sexual objectification is a form of interpersonal maltreatment that women may experience in daily life. Research has focused on testing how it leads to various psychological distresses. However, little research has examined its influences on women's sleep quality, the underlying psychological mechanisms, and the potential implications for affective symptoms. We addressed this research gap by testing whether sexual objectification predicted perceived stress and insomnia, thereby predicting affective symptoms (i.e., depression and anxiety). We further examined whether sex-is-power beliefs moderated these associations. METHODS Participants completed validated measures of sex-is-power beliefs, sexual objectification, perceived stress, insomnia, depression, and anxiety. We conducted regression analyses, structural equation modeling, and bootstrapping analyses to test the associations between these psychological constructs. RESULTS As predicted, the results showed that sexual objectification was positively associated with perceived stress, insomnia, and affective symptoms. Moreover, perceived stress and insomnia serially mediated the association between sexual objectification and affective symptoms. Furthermore, sex-is-power beliefs moderated the serial mediation effect, such that the effect was only observed among participants with weak sex-is-power beliefs. CONCLUSIONS These findings advanced current theories and knowledge of sexual objectification by demonstrating that sexual objectification is associated with perceived stress and insomnia, thereby predicting affective symptoms. The findings also highlighted the role of beliefs in weakening the negative consequences of sexual objectification.
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Wang MF, Shao P, Wu C, Zhang LY, Zhang LF, Liang J, Du J. The relationship between occupational stressors and insomnia in hospital nurses: The mediating role of psychological capital. Front Psychol 2022; 13:1070809. [PMID: 36875542 PMCID: PMC9983607 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1070809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Nurses have a high incidence of insomnia. Insomnia not only damages the physical and mental health of nurses, but also reduces their productivity and quality of care, ultimately affecting patient care. Over the past 30 years, a large number of epidemiological surveys have shown that insomnia in nurses is associated with occupational stress. As an external feature of the role of a nurse, occupational stress is difficult to alter in a short period of time. Therefore, it is necessary to discuss the complex mediating variables in the relationship between occupational stress and insomnia in nurses in order to find different ideas to address the problem of insomnia caused by occupational stress. Psychological capital, the positive psychological strength of an individual, has been widely used in previous reports as a mediating variable between occupational stress and adverse psychological problems. Objective This study aimed to explore the mediating effect of psychological capital on occupational stressors and insomnia among Chinese nurses. Methods The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology statement was referred to conduct the study. A cross-sectional stratified sampling method was used to recruit 720 participants from a tertiary hospital in Jinan, Shandong province, located in the east of China, from June to August 2019. Questionnaires were used to obtain data on demographic variables, psychological capital, occupational stressors, and insomnia. Results The study findings revealed that work settings [department (F = 3.08, p = 0.006), working hours per week (t = -2.03, p = 0.043) and shift work (t = 3.66, p < 0.001)], decision latitude (r = -0.25, p < 0.001), psychological job demand (r = 0.15, p < 0.001), social support (r = -0.31, p < 0.001), and psychological capital (r = -0.40, p < 0.001) were differentially associated with insomnia experiences. This cross-sectional survey showed that psychological capital has significant mediation effects on the relationship between occupational stressors and insomnia. In the model of decision latitude - psychological capital - insomnia, the mediating effect was-0.04 (95%CI: -0.07 ~ -0.02), accounting for 50.0% of the total effect; In the model of job demands - psychological capital - insomnia, the mediating effect was 0.03 (95%CI: 0.01 ~ 0.06), accounting for 25.0% of the total effect; In the model of social support - psychological capital - insomnia, the mediating effect was -0.11 (95%CI: -0.16 ~ -0.07), accounting for 39.0% of the total effect. Conclusion Psychological capital not only had a direct effect on both occupational stressors and insomnia, but also played mediating roles in relationship between occupational stressors and insomnia. It has been suggested that nurses themselves and nursing managers should improve the psychological capital of nurses by various means to alleviate the effects of occupational stress on nurses' insomnia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Fang Wang
- Department of Nursing, Xi'an Jiaotong University City College, Xi'an, China
| | - Pei Shao
- School of Nursing, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chao Wu
- School of Nursing, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lin-Yuan Zhang
- School of Nursing, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lan-Fang Zhang
- School of Nursing, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Juan Liang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Juan Du
- School of Nursing, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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Tagorti G, Kaya B. Genotoxic effect of microplastics and COVID-19: The hidden threat. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 286:131898. [PMID: 34411929 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) are ubiquitous anthropogenic contaminants, and their abundance in the entire ecosystem raises the question of how far is the impact of these MPs on the biota, humans, and the environment. Recent research has overemphasized the occurrence, characterization, and direct toxicity of MPs; however, determining and understanding their genotoxic effect is still limited. Thus, the present review addresses the genotoxic potential of these emerging contaminants in aquatic organisms and in human peripheral lymphocytes and identified the research gaps in this area. Several genotoxic endpoints were implicated, including the frequency of micronuclei (MN), nucleoplasmic bridge (NPB), nuclear buds (NBUD), DNA strand breaks, and the percentage of DNA in the tail (%Tail DNA). In addition, the mechanism of MPs-induced genotoxicity seems to be closely associated with reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, inflammatory responses, and DNA repair interference. However, the gathered information urges the need for more studies that present environmentally relevant conditions. Taken into consideration, the lifestyle changes within the COVID-19 pandemic, we discussed the impact of the pandemic on enhancing the genotoxic potential of MPs whether through increasing human exposure to MPs via inappropriate disposal and overconsumption of plastic-based products or by disrupting the defense system owing to unhealthy food and sleep deprivation as well as stress. Overall, this review provided a reference for the genotoxic effect of MPs, their mechanism of action, as well as the contribution of COVID-19 to increase the genotoxic risk of MPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghada Tagorti
- Akdeniz University, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology, 07058-Campus, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Bülent Kaya
- Akdeniz University, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology, 07058-Campus, Antalya, Turkey.
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25
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Benham G. Bedtime repetitive negative thinking moderates the relationship between psychological stress and insomnia. Stress Health 2021; 37:949-961. [PMID: 33904245 DOI: 10.1002/smi.3055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Research suggests that psychological stress is associated with insomnia, but there is limited research on vulnerabilities that might amplify this association, particularly in college students. Based on a sample of 507 undergraduates, the current study demonstrates that the observed positive correlation between self-perceived stress and insomnia severity is moderated by the tendency to engage in repetitive negative thinking (RNT) at bedtime. Additionally, separate analyses of those who scored below/above the threshold for insomnia (non-insomniacs vs. insomniacs) revealed that the interaction between stress and these negative bedtime cognitions differed qualitatively between the two groups. In insomniacs, the stress-insomnia relationship was dampened for those with lower levels of bedtime RNT, but amplified for those with higher levels. For non-insomniacs, the stress-insomnia relationship was stronger for those with minimal bedtime RNT, while higher levels of bedtime RNT appeared to overshadow this association. To develop a better understanding of the contribution of stress and RNT to clinically relevant levels of insomnia, future studies should take into account the dissimilar patterns of moderation seen in non-insomniacs and insomniacs, either through prospective screening or separate analyses. Findings from the current study suggest that insomnia treatments that can simultaneously reduce stress and address bedtime RNT may be optimal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant Benham
- Department of Psychological Science, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, Texas, USA
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26
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Components of Stress and Their Associations with Sleep Problems: A Cohort Study of Older Employees. J Occup Environ Med 2021; 64:390-396. [PMID: 34817460 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000002447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify latent components from among 13 work and non-work stressors and to examine whether the accumulation of stress factors within these components was associated with sleep problems. METHODS A cohort of older employees (n = 2771 individuals, n = 3921 person-observations) responded to at least two surveys. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used to identify latent components. Analysis of variance was used to examine their associations with sleep. RESULTS The components were: 'Physical workload and shift work', 'Psychosocial workload', 'Social and environmental non-work adversity' and 'Life event- and health-related non-work adversity'. They were consistently associated with sleep problems, except for 'Physical workload and shift work'. 'Social and environmental non-work adversity' was associated with sleep problems at follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Clusters of work- and non-work-related stressors were identified, and their accumulation was associated with sleep problems among older employees.
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Dyal MAA, Smith TD, DeJoy DM, Moore BA. Occupational Stress and Burnout in the Fire Service: Examining the Complex Role and Impact of Sleep Health. Behav Modif 2021; 46:374-394. [PMID: 34433285 DOI: 10.1177/01454455211040049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The occupational stress inherent in firefighting poses both physiological and psychological risks to firefighters that have been found to possess a reciprocal nature. That is, the nature of these relationships in terms of indicator and impact are elusive, especially as it relates to sleep health (e.g., quality, quantity, hygiene, etc.) as a specific physiological risk and burnout as a specific psychological risk. A series of mediation models were assessed to examine the reciprocal relationships between occupational stress, burnout, and sleep health in a sample of 161 career firefighters. The mediation models confirmed reciprocity among the variables in so much that relationships were best described by the underlying mechanism at work. Comprehensive assessments of both subjective and objective markers of sleep health should be incorporated into firefighter research to supplement behavioral health assessments and interventions, especially related to burnout and occupational stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Todd D Smith
- Indiana University, School of Public Health - Bloomington, USA
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28
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Rusch LM, Swede H, Dugan AG, Cherniack MG, Barnes-Farrell J, Cavallari JM. Leisure-Time Physical Activity and General Health Mitigate Effects of Job Demands on Nonrestorative Sleep: CDC National Healthy Worksite Project. J Occup Environ Med 2021; 63:665-672. [PMID: 33950036 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000002214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We sought to determine if leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) modified the adverse relationship between high job demands and nonrestorative sleep (NRS). METHODS We conducted a multivariate logistic regression analysis among workers from the cross-sectional National Healthy Worksite Project (n = 4683) using self-report Likert-Scale data on psychological and physical demands of jobs, LTPA and general health in relation to NRS. RESULTS Not engaging in LTPA was associated with NRS for workers with jobs at the lowest or highest levels of the physical demand scale (OR 1.64, 95% CI: 0.96-2.81, OR 2.06, 95% CI: 0.95-4.45; respectively) in comparison to those who met LTPA recommendations. When assessing psychological demands, poor general health was associated with NRS at all levels of the scale independent of LTPA. CONCLUSIONS LTPA may reduce NRS for workers with jobs at either extreme of physical demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Rusch
- Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, SUNY Oneonta, Oneonta, NY (Ms Rusch); Department of Public Health Sciences, UConn School of Medicine, Farmington, CT (Dr Swede and Dr Cavallari); Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, UConn School of Medicine, Farmington, CT (Dr Dugan and Dr Cherniack); Department of Psychology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT (Dr Barnes-Farrell)
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29
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Puertas-Gonzalez JA, Mariño-Narvaez C, Peralta-Ramirez MI, Romero-Gonzalez B. The psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on pregnant women. Psychiatry Res 2021; 301:113978. [PMID: 34062321 PMCID: PMC8086375 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2021.113978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim was to examine the psychological effects caused by the COVID-19 pandemic on pregnant women, as well as the factors influencing these effects. The study design was cross-sectional and the participants were 200 pregnant women. The first group called the Pandemic Group (PG) included 100 women who were evaluated with psychological assessment instruments during the COVID-19 pandemic. The second group titled Pre-Pandemic Group (PPG) consisted of 100 women who were evaluated prior to the pandemic. Perceived stress, prenatal concerns and psychopathological symptoms were evaluated and compared. Pandemic Group scored significantly higher than Pre-Pandemic Group in the depression dimension of the SCL-90, in the phobic anxiety dimension, and in the Perceived Stress Scale. In addition, insomnia, along with having recently suffered the loss of a loved one explained 25% of the score variance in the depression dimension of the SCL-90. Insomnia also explained 13% of the variance of the results found in the Perceived Stress Scale. The fear of contagion by COVID-19 increased the scores obtained in the phobic anxiety dimension, explaining 11% of the variance. Thus, the COVID-19 pandemic could produce an increase in psychopathological symptomatology and stress, which can lead to negatively affecting pregnant women's mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose A Puertas-Gonzalez
- Mind, Brain and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), Granada, Spain; Department of Personality, Assessment and Psychological Treatment, Faculty of Psychology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Maria Isabel Peralta-Ramirez
- Mind, Brain and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), Granada, Spain; Department of Personality, Assessment and Psychological Treatment, Faculty of Psychology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
| | - Borja Romero-Gonzalez
- Psychology Department, Faculty of Education, Campus Duques de Soria, University of Valladolid, Spain
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30
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Peng X, Li J, Han B, Zhu Y, Cheng D, Li Q, Du J. Association of occupational stress, period circadian regulator 3 (PER3) gene polymorphism and their interaction with poor sleep quality. J Sleep Res 2021; 31:e13390. [PMID: 34060156 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.13390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Occupational stress is associated with sleep quality among workers and the human variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) polymorphism of the period circadian regulator 3 (PER3) gene relates to sleep-wake regulation. The main aims of the present study were to examine the effects of PER3 VNTR genotypes, occupational stress, and their interactions on sleep quality. A cross-sectional study was conducted and 729 workers were recruited in Sichuan. Sleep quality were assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Occupational stress was measured using the Generic Job Stress Questionnaire. PER3 genotypes were determined with polymerase chain reaction. High and medium occupational stress were linked to a higher risk of poor sleep quality than low levels. Unconditional logistic regression indicated that PER3 genotype was significantly associated with sleep quality, and an increased risk of poor sleep of >1.5-times was observed in those with the allele 5 compared to allele 4. The 5/5 genotype was associated with both sleep latency and sleep duration. Crossover analysis showed an occupational stress × PER3 interaction. Compared to subjects with both low and medium occupational stress and 4/4 + 4/5 genotype, those with both high occupational stress and 5/5 genotype had a higher risk of poor sleep quality. Stratified logistic analyses found that compared with low and medium occupational stress, high occupational stress increased the risk of poor sleep by more than five-times in 5/5 genotype carriers. Occupational stress and PER3 genotype had both separate and combined effects on poor sleep quality of workers. The results suggest that occupational stress may increase the risk of poor sleep quality through interaction with the PER3 gene polymorphism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Peng
- School of Public Health, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Ju Li
- School of Public Health, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Bin Han
- School of Public Health, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanfeng Zhu
- School of Public Health, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Daomei Cheng
- School of Public Health, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiyu Li
- School of Public Health, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingchang Du
- School of Public Health, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
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31
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Mayerl H, Stolz E, Kowatz U, Freidl W. Within- and between-person effects in the relationship between effort-reward imbalance and depressive symptoms. ADVANCES IN LIFE COURSE RESEARCH 2021; 48:100394. [PMID: 36695134 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcr.2020.100394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Theory suggests that a stressful working environment negatively affects workers' health. However, methodological limitations in observational studies often restrict conclusions about observed relationships. In this study, we examined cross-lagged effects of effort-reward imbalance (ERI; i.e., an indicator of work stress) and mental health (i.e., depressive symptoms) at the within-person level, while accounting for between-person variability. We used data from five panel waves gathered in the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE), comprising N = 5,778 (self-)employed individuals aged 50 years or older. Repeated measures for both ERI and depressive symptoms were modeled using random intercept cross-lagged panel modeling. The results showed no cross-lagged effects of ERI and depressive symptoms at the within-person level, but the intra-individual variations in ERI were positively related to the intra-individual variations in depressive symptoms at the same point in time. At the between-person level, it showed that individuals with generally higher levels of ERI tend to demonstrate generally higher levels of depressive symptoms. The findings question the notion that ERI and depressive symptoms influence each other over the course of time, but rather indicate that third variable effects account for observed relationships between these constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannes Mayerl
- Institute of Social Medicine and Epidemiology Medical University of Graz Universitaetsstrasse 6/I, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Erwin Stolz
- Institute of Social Medicine and Epidemiology Medical University of Graz Universitaetsstrasse 6/I, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Uwe Kowatz
- Institute of Social Medicine and Epidemiology Medical University of Graz Universitaetsstrasse 6/I, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Freidl
- Institute of Social Medicine and Epidemiology Medical University of Graz Universitaetsstrasse 6/I, 8010 Graz, Austria.
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32
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Dickson VV, Jun J, Melkus GD. A mixed methods study describing the self-care practices in an older working population with cardiovascular disease (CVD): Balancing work, life and health. Heart Lung 2021; 50:447-454. [PMID: 33639529 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrtlng.2021.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Self-care is essential to cardiovascular disease (CVD) health outcomes, but may be challenging for older working adults. OBJECTIVE Describe self-care and the relationship of work-related characteristics to self-care among older workers with CVD. METHODS Convergent mixed methods design (n = 108) assessed self-care, organization of work, job-level and clinical factors; qualitative data (n = 40) explored self-care and working. Data integrated in the final analytic phase. RESULTS Sixty-eight percent reported adequate self-care maintenance (SC-CHDI maintenance ≥70); only 22% had adequate self-care management (SC-CHDI management ≥ 70). Controlling for physical capacity, work-related factors explained 22% variance in self-care maintenance; physical capacity was only significant determinant of self-care management. Individuals with poor self-care described low job control, job stress and work-life imbalance that interfered with routine self-care. Individuals with poor self-care management reported "feeling stressed out" and "extreme fatigue" attributed to their job. CONCLUSIONS Interventions targeting self-care, stress management and work-life balance among older workers with CVD are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jin Jun
- New York University Rory Meyers College of Nursing, 433 First Ave, New York, NY, 10010 USA; The Ohio State University, College of Nursing, 1585 Neil Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - Gail D'Eramo Melkus
- New York University Rory Meyers College of Nursing, 433 First Ave, New York, NY, 10010 USA
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33
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Jiang Y, Li P, Zhong L, Liu B, Gao X, Ning L, Lian Y, Liu J. The Influence of Changes in Work Stressors and Coping Resources on Sleep Disturbances: Evidence from the OHSPIW Cohort Study. Sleep 2021; 44:6145162. [PMID: 33608703 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsab039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES We investigated whether changes in psychosocial work conditions affect the risk of sleep disturbances. METHODS Data pertaining to 2738 males and 1431 females were obtained from the Occupational Health Study of Petroleum Industry Workers (OHSPIW), a prospective cohort study of Chinese petroleum industry workers. The subjects were assessed with regard to work-related stressors, coping resources and sleep disturbances at baseline (2012) and follow-up (2018). The variations in work stressors and coping resources, which were assessed using the Occupation Stress Inventory-Reviewed (OSI-R), were calculated. Sleep disturbances were evaluated with the self-reported Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). RESULTS Increased work stressors (OR=1.57, 95% CI=1.24-1.99) and decreased coping resources (OR=2.03, 95% CI=1.48-2.78) were correlated with the likelihood of sleep disturbances in male and female workers. The primary risk factors included high role overload, increased responsibility, enhanced physical environment stressors, reduced self-care, and reduced rational coping. A reduction in work stressors was a protective factor against sleep disturbances in females only (OR=0.63, 95% CI=0.45-0.88). Coping resources had a modifying effect on the relationship between increased work stressors and sleep disturbances, with increased coping resources being associated with a lower odds of increased works stressors on sleep disturbances (OR=1.29, 95%CI=1.01-1.66) than decreased coping resources (OR=3.60, 95%CI=1.10-11.81). CONCLUSIONS Changes in work stressors and coping resources have a significant influence on the risk of sleep disturbances. Our findings highlight important precautionary strategies to abate adverse psychosocial working environments and to strengthen coping resources to prevent work-related sleep disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jiang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Peixin Li
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ling Zhong
- Department of Neurology, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Hospital, Urumqi, China
| | - Baoying Liu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyan Gao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Li Ning
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Yulong Lian
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jiwen Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
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Estimating Sleep Stages Using a Head Acceleration Sensor. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21030952. [PMID: 33535422 PMCID: PMC7867075 DOI: 10.3390/s21030952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Sleep disruption from causes, such as changes in lifestyle, stress from aging, family issues, or life pressures are a growing phenomenon that can lead to serious health problems. As such, sleep disorders need to be identified and addressed early on. In recent years, studies have investigated sleep patterns through body movement information collected by wristwatch-type devices or cameras. However, these methods capture only the individual’s awake and sleep states and lack sufficient information to identify specific sleep stages. The aim of this study was to use a 3-axis accelerometer attached to an individual’s head to capture information that can identify three specific sleep stages: rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, light sleep, and deep sleep. These stages are measured by heart rate features captured by a ballistocardiogram and body movement. The sleep experiment was conducted for two nights among eight healthy adult men. According to the leave-one-out cross-validation results, the F-scores were: awake 76.6%, REM sleep 52.7%, light sleep 78.2%, and deep sleep 67.8%. The accuracy was 74.6% for the four estimates. This proposed measurement system was able to estimate the sleep stages with high accuracy simply by using the acceleration in the individual’s head.
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Skarpsno ES, Gismervik SØ, Fimland MS, Aasdahl L. Insomnia is Associated with the Effect of Inpatient Multimodal Occupational Rehabilitation on Work Participation in Workers with Musculoskeletal or Mental Health Disorders: Secondary Analyses of a Randomized Clinical Trial. Nat Sci Sleep 2021; 13:1431-1439. [PMID: 34456595 PMCID: PMC8387244 DOI: 10.2147/nss.s318052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Insomnia is common among people with musculoskeletal and/or mental health disorders. This study aimed to assess whether insomnia is associated with the favorable effect from inpatient multimodal occupational rehabilitation on future work participation among individuals with these conditions. METHODS Insomnia was measured at baseline through a randomized clinical trial that compared the effect of inpatient multimodal occupational rehabilitation with a less-comprehensive program of outpatient acceptance and commitment therapy on future work participation. The inpatient multimodal program lasted 3.5 weeks at the rehabilitation center, comprising psychoeducational sessions (including sleep education), fixed schedules, acceptance and commitment therapy, physical exercise and work-related problem-solving, whereas the outpatient program comprised mainly six weekly acceptance and commitment therapy sessions. Both programs were group-based. The study tracked cumulative sick leave during the 12 months of follow-up using national registry data. RESULTS Among the 163 adults included in this subgroup analysis, 56% (n=91) reported insomnia. Overall, we found statistical evidence of interaction between the occupational program and insomnia concerning cumulative sick leave (p=0.03). Compared with people without insomnia in the comprehensive inpatient multimodal program, people with insomnia had 12 (95% CI: -48 to 24) fewer days with sick leave if they participated in the inpatient program and 46 (95% CI: 8 to 83) more days if they participated in the outpatient program. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that insomnia should be addressed specifically before individuals on sick leave are considered for participation in occupational rehabilitation and that individuals with insomnia may benefit in particular from inpatient rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eivind Schjelderup Skarpsno
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Sigmund Østgård Gismervik
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Marius Steiro Fimland
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Unicare Helsefort Rehabilitation Centre, Rissa, Norway
| | - Lene Aasdahl
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.,Unicare Helsefort Rehabilitation Centre, Rissa, Norway
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Garefelt J, Platts LG, Hyde M, Magnusson Hanson LL, Westerlund H, Åkerstedt T. Reciprocal relations between work stress and insomnia symptoms: A prospective study. J Sleep Res 2019; 29:e12949. [PMID: 31793085 PMCID: PMC7154699 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.12949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Work stress and poor sleep are closely related in cross-sectional data, but evidence from prospective data is limited. We analysed how perceived stress and work stressors (work demands, decision authority and workplace social support) are related to key dimensions of insomnia over time, using structural equation modelling. Biennial measurements from a large sample of the working population in Sweden enabled us to analyse both the relationship from stress to sleep as well as that from sleep to stress. Overall, we found reciprocal relations between insomnia and all four stress measures. However, looking at the relation between each dimension of insomnia and each stress measure, there were some differences in direction of effects. In the direction from stress to sleep, all work stressors as well as perceived stress predicted both difficulties initiating sleep and difficulties maintaining sleep. The same was found for non-restorative sleep, with the exception for decision authority. In the opposite direction, difficulties maintaining sleep predicted increased levels of work demands and perceived stress. Difficulties initiating sleep stood out among the insomnia symptoms as not predicting any of the stress measures, while non-restorative sleep was the only symptom predicting all stress measures. The results advance the understanding of the stress-sleep relationship and indicate a potential vicious circle between insomnia and perceived stress as well as work stressors, suggesting that the workplace could be an arena for interventions to alleviate insomnia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Garefelt
- Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Loretta G Platts
- Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Hyde
- Centre for Innovative Ageing, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | | | - Hugo Westerlund
- Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.,Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Torbjörn Åkerstedt
- Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.,Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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