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Pavitra E, Acharya RK, Gupta VK, Verma HK, Kang H, Lee JH, Sahu T, Bhaskar L, Raju GSR, Huh YS. Impacts of oxidative stress and anti-oxidants on the development, pathogenesis, and therapy of sickle cell disease: A comprehensive review. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 176:116849. [PMID: 38823275 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is the most severe monogenic hemoglobinopathy caused by a single genetic mutation that leads to repeated polymerization and depolymerization of hemoglobin resulting in intravascular hemolysis, cell adhesion, vascular occlusion, and ischemia-reperfusion injury. Hemolysis causes oxidative damage indirectly by generating reactive oxygen species through various pathophysiological mechanisms, which include hemoglobin autoxidation, endothelial nitric oxide synthase uncoupling, reduced nitric oxide bioavailability, and elevated levels of asymmetric dimethylarginine. Red blood cells have a built-in anti-oxidant system that includes enzymes like sodium dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase, along with free radical scavenging molecules, such as vitamin C, vitamin E, and glutathione, which help them to fight oxidative damage. However, these anti-oxidants may not be sufficient to prevent the effects of oxidative stress in SCD patients. Therefore, in line with a recent FDA request that the focus to be placed on the development of innovative therapies for SCD that address the root cause of the disease, there is a need for therapies that target oxidative stress and restore redox balance in SCD patients. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge regarding the role of oxidative stress in SCD and the potential benefits of anti-oxidant therapies. It also discusses the challenges and limitations of these therapies and suggests future directions for research and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eluri Pavitra
- NanoBio High-Tech Materials Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea; 3D Convergence Center, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Rakesh Kumar Acharya
- Department of Zoology, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh 495009, India
| | - Vivek Kumar Gupta
- NanoBio High-Tech Materials Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Henu Kumar Verma
- Department of Immunopathology, Institute of lungs health and Immunity, Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Helmholtz Zentrum, Neuherberg, Munich 85764, Germany
| | - Haneul Kang
- NanoBio High-Tech Materials Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Hwan Lee
- 3D Convergence Center, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Tarun Sahu
- Department of Physiology, All Indian Institute of Medical Science, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Lvks Bhaskar
- Department of Zoology, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh 495009, India.
| | - Ganji Seeta Rama Raju
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yun Suk Huh
- NanoBio High-Tech Materials Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea.
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Kamimura S, Smith M, Vogel S, Almeida LEF, Thein SL, Quezado ZMN. Mouse models of sickle cell disease: Imperfect and yet very informative. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2024; 104:102776. [PMID: 37391346 PMCID: PMC10725515 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2023.102776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
The root cause of sickle cell disease (SCD) has been known for nearly a century, however, few therapies to treat the disease are available. Over several decades of work, with advances in gene editing technology and after several iterations of mice with differing genotype/phenotype relationships, researchers have developed humanized SCD mouse models. However, while a large body of preclinical studies has led to huge gains in basic science knowledge about SCD in mice, this knowledge has not led to the development of effective therapies to treat SCD-related complications in humans, thus leading to frustration with the paucity of translational progress in the SCD field. The use of mouse models to study human diseases is based on the genetic and phenotypic similarities between mouse and humans (face validity). The Berkeley and Townes SCD mice express only human globin chains and no mouse hemoglobin. With this genetic composition, these models present many phenotypic similarities, but also significant discrepancies that should be considered when interpreting preclinical studies results. Reviewing genetic and phenotypic similarities and discrepancies and examining studies that have translated to humans and those that have not, offer a better perspective of construct, face, and predictive validities of humanized SCD mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayuri Kamimura
- Department of Perioperative Medicine, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Meghann Smith
- Department of Perioperative Medicine, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sebastian Vogel
- Department of Perioperative Medicine, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Luis E F Almeida
- Department of Perioperative Medicine, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Swee Lay Thein
- Sickle Cell Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Zenaide M N Quezado
- Department of Perioperative Medicine, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Sickle Cell Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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3
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Afzal S, Abdul Manap AS, Attiq A, Albokhadaim I, Kandeel M, Alhojaily SM. From imbalance to impairment: the central role of reactive oxygen species in oxidative stress-induced disorders and therapeutic exploration. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1269581. [PMID: 37927596 PMCID: PMC10622810 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1269581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased production and buildup of reactive oxygen species (ROS) can lead to various health issues, including metabolic problems, cancers, and neurological conditions. Our bodies counteract ROS with biological antioxidants such as SOD, CAT, and GPx, which help prevent cellular damage. However, if there is an imbalance between ROS and these antioxidants, it can result in oxidative stress. This can cause genetic and epigenetic changes at the molecular level. This review delves into how ROS plays a role in disorders caused by oxidative stress. We also look at animal models used for researching ROS pathways. This study offers insights into the mechanism, pathology, epigenetic changes, and animal models to assist in drug development and disease understanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheryar Afzal
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aimi Syamima Abdul Manap
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Attiq
- Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Malaysia
| | - Ibrahim Albokhadaim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud Kandeel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Sameer M. Alhojaily
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
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Fuentes E, Arauna D, Araya-Maturana R. Regulation of mitochondrial function by hydroquinone derivatives as prevention of platelet activation. Thromb Res 2023; 230:55-63. [PMID: 37639783 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2023.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Platelet activation plays an essential role in the pathogenesis of thrombotic events in different diseases (e.g., cancer, type 2 diabetes, Alzheimer's, and cardiovascular diseases, and even in patients diagnosed with coronavirus disease 2019). Therefore, antiplatelet therapy is essential to reduce thrombus formation. However, the utility of current antiplatelet drugs is limited. Therefore, identifying novel antiplatelet compounds is very important in developing new drugs. In this context, the involvement of mitochondrial function as an efficient energy source required for platelet activation is currently accepted; however, its contribution as an antiplatelet target still has little been exploited. Regarding this, the intramolecular hydrogen bonding of hydroquinone derivatives has been described as a structural motif that allows the reach of small molecules at mitochondria, which can exert antiplatelet activity, among others. In this review, we describe the role of mitochondrial function in platelet activation and how hydroquinone derivatives exert antiplatelet activity through mitochondrial regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Fuentes
- Thrombosis Research Center, Medical Technology School, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunohematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, MIBI: Interdisciplinary Group on Mitochondrial Targeting and Bioenergetics, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3480094, Chile.
| | - Diego Arauna
- Thrombosis Research Center, Medical Technology School, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunohematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, MIBI: Interdisciplinary Group on Mitochondrial Targeting and Bioenergetics, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3480094, Chile
| | - Ramiro Araya-Maturana
- Instituto de Química de Recursos Naturales, MIBI: Interdisciplinary Group on Mitochondrial Targeting and Bioenergetics, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile
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5
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Maharana S, Roy CL, Kishor K, Ranjan R, Ahmad F, Mahapatra M, Saxena R, Kannan M. Depolarized Mitochondrial Membrane Potential and Elevated Calcium in Platelets of Sickle Cell Disease. Indian J Hematol Blood Transfus 2023; 39:565-571. [PMID: 37786815 PMCID: PMC10542052 DOI: 10.1007/s12288-023-01640-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hemolysis, a crucial feature of Sickle cell disease (SCD), is a key player for cellular activation leading to various complications including thrombosis. In response to hemolysis, platelets get activated and release components that are necessary for further platelet activation and aggregation. Thus, it is believed that platelets contribute to the development of thrombotic complications. Platelets in SCD are expected to be affected due to common cause of hemolysis. To measure the surface markers of platelets including P-Selectin, Phosphatidyl Serine and integrin αIIbβ3 in SCD patients and healthy controls in order to understand the status of the platelets in SCD. To measure the surface markers of activated platelets using flow cytometry. Since mitochondria and calcium play an important role in cellular functions, the mitochondrial membrane potential and calcium content of platelets in SCD were also evaluated using flow cytometry. In the present study, we have observed significant increase of calcium level in SCD platelets. Further, the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential in SCD platelets was found to be significantly higher when compared to platelets of healthy controls. Though the surface markers of activated platelets in SCD remain unchanged, increased level of calcium and mitochondrial membrane potential loss suggest that the platelets in SCD are more prone to become activated. In order to understand the status of the platelets in SCD, apart from the surface markers, it is also important to assess the calcium levels and mitochondrial membrane potential of platelets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samarjit Maharana
- Division of Blood and Vascular Biology, Department of Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Tiruvarur, 610 101 India
| | - Chitrali Laha Roy
- Division of Blood and Vascular Biology, Department of Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Tiruvarur, 610 101 India
| | - Kamal Kishor
- Department of Hematology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ravi Ranjan
- Department of Hematology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Firdos Ahmad
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Manoranjan Mahapatra
- Department of Hematology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Renu Saxena
- Department of Hematology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Meganathan Kannan
- Division of Blood and Vascular Biology, Department of Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Tiruvarur, 610 101 India
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Platelet mitochondrial dysfunction is both caused by, as well as a source of oxidative stress. Oxidative stress is a key hallmark of metabolic disorders such as dyslipidemia and diabetes, which are known to have higher risks for thrombotic complications. RECENT FINDINGS Increasing evidence supports a critical role for platelet mitochondria beyond energy production and apoptosis. Mitochondria are key regulators of reactive oxygen species and procoagulant platelets, which both contribute to pathological thrombosis. Studies targeting platelet mitochondrial pathways have reported promising results suggesting antithrombotic effects with limited impact on hemostasis in animal models. SUMMARY Targeting platelet mitochondria holds promise for the reduction of thrombotic complications in patients with metabolic disorders. Future studies should aim at validating these preclinical findings and translate them to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Ajanel
- University of Utah Molecular Medicine Program, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Department Pathology, Division of Microbiology and Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Robert A. Campbell
- University of Utah Molecular Medicine Program, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Department Pathology, Division of Microbiology and Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Frederik Denorme
- University of Utah Molecular Medicine Program, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Department of Neurology, Division of Vascular Neurology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
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7
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Beckman JD, Sparkenbaugh EM. The invisible string of coagulation, complement, iron, and inflammation in sickle cell disease. Curr Opin Hematol 2023; 30:153-158. [PMID: 37462409 PMCID: PMC10529498 DOI: 10.1097/moh.0000000000000773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review provides an update on recent advances in mechanistic studies of thromboinflammatory mechanisms that contribute to the disease pathology in sickle cell disease (SCD). There is a focus on novel pathways, clinical relevance, and translational potential of these findings. We hope to encourage more advances in this area to reduce organ damage in young patients prior to gene therapy, and to serve the aging SCD patient population. RECENT FINDINGS Novel insights into the roles of neutrophils, the ADAMTS-13/VWF axis, oxidative stress, and the intrinsic coagulation cascade, as well as relevant clinical trials, are discussed. SUMMARY Several studies implicate dysregulation of the ADAMTS-13/VWF axis as playing a major role in vaso-occlusive events (VOE) in SCD. Another highlight is reducing iron overload, which has beneficial effects on erythrocyte and neutrophil function that reduce VOE and inflammation. Multiple studies suggest that targeting HO-1/ROS in erythrocytes, platelets, and endothelium can attenuate disease pathology. New insights into coagulation activation identify intrinsic coagulation factor XII as a central regulator of many thromboinflammatory pathologies in SCD. The complement cascade and modulators of neutrophil function and release of neutrophil extracellular traps are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan D Beckman
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Erica M Sparkenbaugh
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Blood Research Center, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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8
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Aboderin FI, Oduola T, Davison GM, Oguntibeju OO. A Review of the Relationship between the Immune Response, Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and the Pathogenesis of Sickle Cell Anaemia. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2413. [PMID: 37760854 PMCID: PMC10525295 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11092413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Sickle cell anaemia (SCD) is a life-threatening haematological disorder which is predominant in sub-Saharan Africa and is triggered by a genetic mutation of the β-chain haemoglobin gene resulting in the substitution of glutamic acid with valine. This mutation leads to the production of an abnormal haemoglobin molecule called haemoglobin S (HbS). When deoxygenated, haemoglobin S (HbS) polymerises and results in a sickle-shaped red blood cell which is rigid and has a significantly shortened life span. Various reports have shown a strong link between oxidative stress, inflammation, the immune response, and the pathogenesis of sickle cell disease. The consequence of these processes leads to the development of vasculopathy (disease of the blood vessels) and several other complications. The role of the immune system, particularly the innate immune system, in the pathogenesis of SCD has become increasingly clear in recent years of research; however, little is known about the roles of the adaptive immune system in this disease. This review examines the interaction between the immune system, inflammation, oxidative stress, blood transfusion, and their effects on the pathogenesis of sickle cell anaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Ifechukwude Aboderin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Wellness Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville 7535, South Africa;
| | - Taofeeq Oduola
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto 840004, Nigeria;
| | - Glenda Mary Davison
- SAMRC/CPUT Cardiometabolic Health Research Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Wellness Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville 7535, South Africa;
| | - Oluwafemi Omoniyi Oguntibeju
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Wellness Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville 7535, South Africa;
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9
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Aggarwal A, Jennings CL, Manning E, Cameron SJ. Platelets at the Vessel Wall in Non-Thrombotic Disease. Circ Res 2023; 132:775-790. [PMID: 36927182 PMCID: PMC10027394 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.122.321566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Platelets are small, anucleate entities that bud from megakaryocytes in the bone marrow. Among circulating cells, platelets are the most abundant cell, traditionally involved in regulating the balance between thrombosis (the terminal event of platelet activation) and hemostasis (a protective response to tissue injury). Although platelets lack the precise cellular control offered by nucleate cells, they are in fact very dynamic cells, enriched in preformed RNA that allows them the capability of de novo protein synthesis which alters the platelet phenotype and responses in physiological and pathological events. Antiplatelet medications have significantly reduced the morbidity and mortality for patients afflicted with thrombotic diseases, including stroke and myocardial infarction. However, it has become apparent in the last few years that platelets play a critical role beyond thrombosis and hemostasis. For example, platelet-derived proteins by constitutive and regulated exocytosis can be found in the plasma and may educate distant tissue including blood vessels. First, platelets are enriched in inflammatory and anti-inflammatory molecules that may regulate vascular remodeling. Second, platelet-derived microparticles released into the circulation can be acquired by vascular endothelial cells through the process of endocytosis. Third, platelets are highly enriched in mitochondria that may contribute to the local reactive oxygen species pool and remodel phospholipids in the plasma membrane of blood vessels. Lastly, platelets are enriched in proteins and phosphoproteins which can be secreted independent of stimulation by surface receptor agonists in conditions of disturbed blood flow. This so-called biomechanical platelet activation occurs in regions of pathologically narrowed (atherosclerotic) or dilated (aneurysmal) vessels. Emerging evidence suggests platelets may regulate the process of angiogenesis and blood flow to tumors as well as education of distant organs for the purposes of allograft health following transplantation. This review will illustrate the potential of platelets to remodel blood vessels in various diseases with a focus on the aforementioned mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anu Aggarwal
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Courtney L. Jennings
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Emily Manning
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Scott J. Cameron
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio
- Heart Vascular and Thoracic Institute, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Section of Vascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
- Department of Hematology, Taussig Cancer Center, Cleveland, Ohio
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10
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Mitochondria: Emerging Consequential in Sickle Cell Disease. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12030765. [PMID: 36769414 PMCID: PMC9917941 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12030765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Advanced mitochondrial multi-omics indicate a multi-facet involvement of mitochondria in the physiology of the cell, changing the perception of mitochondria from being just the energy-generating organelles to organelles that highly influence cell structure, function, signaling, and cell fate. This sets mitochondrial dysfunction in the centerstage of numerous acquired and genetic diseases. Sickle cell disease is also being increasingly associated with mitochondrial anomalies and the pathophysiology of sickle cell disease finds mitochondria at crucial intersections in the pathological cascade. Altered mitophagy, increased ROS, and mitochondrial DNA all contribute to the condition and its severity. Such mitochondrial aberrations lead to consequent mitochondrial retention in red blood cells in sickle cell diseases, increased oxidation in the cellular environment, inflammation, worsened vaso-occlusive crisis, etc. There are increasing studies indicating mitochondrial significance in sickle cell disease, consequently providing an opportunity to target it for improving the outcomes of treatment. Identification of the impaired mitochondrial attributes in sickle cell disease and their modulation by therapeutic interventions can impart a better management of the disease. This review aims to describe the mitochondria in the perspective of sicke cell disease so as to provide the reader an overview of the emerging mitochondrial stance in sickle cell disease.
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11
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Conran N, Costa FF. Sickle Cell Disease and Oxidative Stress: Implications for a Role of Diminished Endothelial SOD2 in Pulmonary Complications. FUNCTION (OXFORD, ENGLAND) 2022; 3:zqac021. [PMID: 36156896 PMCID: PMC9492249 DOI: 10.1093/function/zqac021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Fernando F Costa
- Hematology and Transfusion Center, University of Campinas – UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-878, Brazil
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12
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Annarapu GK, Nolfi-Donegan D, Reynolds M, Wang Y, Kohut L, Zuckerbraun B, Shiva S. Heme stimulates platelet mitochondrial oxidant production to induce targeted granule secretion. Redox Biol 2021; 48:102205. [PMID: 34891098 PMCID: PMC8661700 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.102205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemolysis, a pathological component of many diseases, is associated with thrombosis and vascular dysfunction. Hemolytic products, including cell-free hemoglobin and free heme directly activate platelets. However, the effect of hemolysis on platelet degranulation, a central process in not only thrombosis, but also inflammatory and mitogenic signaling, remains less clear. Our group showed that hemoglobin-induced platelet activation involved the production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS). However, the molecular mechanism by which extracellular hemolysis induces platelet mtROS production, and whether these mtROS regulate platelet degranulation remains unknown. Here, we demonstrate using isolated human platelets that cell free heme is a more potent agonist for platelet activation than hemoglobin, and stimulates the release of a specific set of molecules, including the glycoprotein thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1), from the α-granule of platelets. We uncover the mechanism of heme-mediated platelet mtROS production which is dependent on the activation of platelet toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling and leads to the downstream phosphorylation and inhibition of complex-V by the serine kinase Akt. Notably, inhibition of platelet TLR4 or Akt, or scavenging of mtROS prevents heme-induced granule release in vitro. Further, heme-dependent granule release is significantly attenuated in vivo in mice lacking TLR4 or those treated with the mtROS scavenger MitoTEMPO. These data elucidate a novel mechanism of TLR4-mediated mitochondrial regulation, establish the mechanistic link between hemolysis and platelet degranulation, and begin to define the heme and mtROS-dependent platelet secretome. These data have implications for hemolysis-induced thrombo-inflammatory signaling and for the consideration of platelet mitochondria as a therapeutic target in hemolytic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gowtham K Annarapu
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Deirdre Nolfi-Donegan
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224, USA
| | - Michael Reynolds
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Yinna Wang
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Lauryn Kohut
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Brian Zuckerbraun
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Sruti Shiva
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA; Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.
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13
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Walker JA, Richards S, Whelan SA, Yoo SB, Russell TL, Arinze N, Lotfollahzadeh S, Napoleon MA, Belghasem M, Lee N, Dember LM, Ravid K, Chitalia VC. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-1, a Novel Therapeutic Target for Post-Vascular Injury Thrombosis in CKD. J Am Soc Nephrol 2021; 32:2834-2850. [PMID: 34716244 PMCID: PMC8806102 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2020091310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND CKD, characterized by retained uremic solutes, is a strong and independent risk factor for thrombosis after vascular procedures . Urem ic solutes such as indoxyl sulfate (IS) and kynurenine (Kyn) mediate prothrombotic effect through tissue factor (TF). IS and Kyn biogenesis depends on multiple enzymes, with therapeutic implications unexplored. We examined the role of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-1 (IDO-1), a rate-limiting enzyme of kynurenine biogenesis, in CKD-associated thrombosis after vascular injury. METHODS IDO-1 expression in mice and human vessels was examined. IDO-1-/- mice, IDO-1 inhibitors, an adenine-induced CKD, and carotid artery injury models were used. RESULTS Both global IDO-1-/- CKD mice and IDO-1 inhibitor in wild-type CKD mice showed reduced blood Kyn levels, TF expression in their arteries, and thrombogenicity compared with respective controls. Several advanced IDO-1 inhibitors downregulated TF expression in primary human aortic vascular smooth muscle cells specifically in response to uremic serum. Further mechanistic probing of arteries from an IS-specific mouse model, and CKD mice, showed upregulation of IDO-1 protein, which was due to inhibition of its polyubiquitination and degradation by IS in vascular smooth muscle cells. In two cohorts of patients with advanced CKD, blood IDO-1 activity was significantly higher in sera of study participants who subsequently developed thrombosis after endovascular interventions or vascular surgery. CONCLUSION Leveraging genetic and pharmacologic manipulation in experimental models and data from human studies implicate IS as an inducer of IDO-1 and a perpetuator of the thrombotic milieu and supports IDO-1 as an antithrombotic target in CKD.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Aorta
- Carotid Artery Injuries/complications
- Carotid Artery Thrombosis/etiology
- Carotid Artery Thrombosis/prevention & control
- Culture Media/pharmacology
- Enzyme Induction/drug effects
- Feedback, Physiological
- Female
- HEK293 Cells
- Humans
- Indican/physiology
- Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase/antagonists & inhibitors
- Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase/blood
- Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase/deficiency
- Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase/genetics
- Kynurenine/blood
- Kynurenine/physiology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Molecular Targeted Therapy
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects
- Postoperative Complications/blood
- Postoperative Complications/enzymology
- Postoperative Complications/etiology
- Postoperative Complications/prevention & control
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/drug therapy
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/enzymology
- Thromboplastin/metabolism
- Thrombosis/blood
- Thrombosis/enzymology
- Thrombosis/etiology
- Thrombosis/prevention & control
- Tryptophan/metabolism
- Uremia/blood
- Vascular Surgical Procedures/adverse effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua A Walker
- Renal Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
- Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sean Richards
- Renal Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Stephen A Whelan
- Chemical Instrumentation Center, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sung Bok Yoo
- Renal Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Teresa L Russell
- Renal Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Nkiruka Arinze
- Department of Surgery, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Saran Lotfollahzadeh
- Renal Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Marc A Napoleon
- Renal Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mostafa Belghasem
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Norman Lee
- Chemical Instrumentation Center, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Laura M Dember
- Renal-Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Katya Ravid
- Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Vipul C Chitalia
- Renal Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
- Veteran Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts
- Institute of Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
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