1
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Ahsan M, Ashraf H, Iahtisham-Ul-Haq, Liaquat A, Nayik GA, Ramniwas S, Alfarraj S, Ansari MJ, Gere A. Exploring pectin from ripe and unripe Banana Peel: A novel functional fat replacers in muffins. Food Chem X 2024; 23:101539. [PMID: 38974193 PMCID: PMC11225664 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2024.101539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The study addresses global fruit waste concerns in the food industry by extracting pectin from both ripe and unripe banana peels at varying pH levels and time intervals using hydrochloric acid. The best results were observed for unripe banana peel pectin at pH 1.5 and 250 min exhibiting a yield of 16.46% and favorable characteristics. In muffin development, seven treatments (M0, M1, M2, M3, M4, M5 and M6) are prepared and analyzed for morphology, nutritional content, and sensory parameters. The M4 treatment, utilizing pectin from unripe banana peel at pH 1.5 and 250 min, displays superior qualities with reduced peroxide value, free fatty acids, percent moisture loss, and hardness. Sensory evaluations indicate high acceptability due to lower fat content. In conclusion, the extraction of pectin from unripe banana peels proves promising as a fat replacer in bakery items, maintaining muffin quality while addressing fruit waste challenges in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehak Ahsan
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Jinnah University for Women, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Humaira Ashraf
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Jinnah University for Women, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Iahtisham-Ul-Haq
- Kauser Abdulla Malik School of Life Sciences, Forman Christian College (A Chartered University), Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Anum Liaquat
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Jinnah University for Women, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Gulzar Ahmad Nayik
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Government Degree College Shopian, 192303, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Seema Ramniwas
- University Centre for Research and Development, Chandigarh University Gharuan, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Saleh Alfarraj
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Javed Ansari
- Department of Botany, Hindu College Moradabad (Mahatma Jyotiba Phule Rohilkhand University Bareilly) -, India 244001
| | - Attila Gere
- Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Institute of Food Science and Technology Department of Postharvest, Supply Chain, Commerce and Sensory Science, H-1118, Budapest, Villányi út, 29-43, Hungary
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2
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Abedini A, Sohrabvandi S, Sadighara P, Hosseini H, Farhoodi M, Assadpour E, Alizadeh Sani M, Zhang F, Seyyedi-Mansour S, Jafari SM. Personalized nutrition with 3D-printed foods: A systematic review on the impact of different additives. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 328:103181. [PMID: 38749383 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2024.103181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) printing is one of the world's top novel technologies in the food industry due to the production of food in different conditions and places (restaurants, homes, catering, schools, for dysphagia patients, and astronauts' food) and the production of personalized food. Nowadays, 3D printers are used in the main food industries, including meat, dairy, cereals, fruits, and vegetables, and have been able to produce successfully on a small scale. However, due to the expansion of this technology, it has challenges such as high-scale production, selection of printable food, formulation optimization, and food production according to the consumer's opinion. Food additives (gums, enzymes, proteins, starches, polyphenols, spices, probiotics, algae, edible insects, oils, salts, vitamins, flavors, and by-products) are one of the main components of the formulation that can be effective in food production according to the consumer's attitude. Food additives can have the highest impact on textural and sensory characteristics, which can be effective in improving consumer attitudes and reducing food neophobia. Most of the 3D-printed food cannot be printed without the presence of hydrocolloids, because the proper flow of the selected formulation is one of the key factors in improving the quality of the printed product. Functional additives such as probiotics can be useful for specific purposes and functional food production. Food personalization for specific diseases with 3D printing technology requires a change in the formulation, which is closely related to the selection of correct food additives. For example, the production of 3D-printed plant-based steaks is not possible without the presence of additives, or the production of food for dysphagia patients is possible in many cases by adding hydrocolloids. In general, additives can improve the textural, rheological, nutritional, and sensory characteristics of 3D printed foods; so, investigating the mechanism of the additives on all the characteristics of the printed product can provide a wide perspective for industrial production and future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirhossein Abedini
- Student Research Committee, Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Nutrition Science and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Sohrabvandi
- Department of Food Technology Research, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parisa Sadighara
- Division of Food Safety and Hygiene, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hedayat Hosseini
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Farhoodi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Assadpour
- Food Industry Research Co., Gorgan, Iran; Food and Bio-Nanotech International Research Center (Fabiano), Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Mahmood Alizadeh Sani
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Fuyuan Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Sepidar Seyyedi-Mansour
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Instituto de Agroecoloxia e Alimentacion (IAA)- CITEXVI, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Seid Mahdi Jafari
- Department of Food Materials and Process Design Engineering, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran; Halal Research Center of IRI, Iran Food and Drug Administration, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran.
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3
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Singh R, Priya H, Kumar SR, Trivedi D, Prasad N, Ahmad F, Chengaiyan JG, Haque S, Rana SS. Gum Ghatti: A Comprehensive Review on Production, Processing, Remarkable Properties, and Diverse Applications. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:9974-9990. [PMID: 38463282 PMCID: PMC10918680 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c08198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Gum ghatti, popularly known as Indian gum and obtained from Anogeissus latifolia, is a complex high-molecular-weight, water-soluble, and swellable nonstarch polysaccharide comprised of magnesium and calcium salts of ghattic acids and multiple monosugars. Unlike other nontimber forest produce, gums ghatti is a low-volume but high-value product. It has several applications and is widely used as food, in pharmaceuticals, and for wastewater treatment and hydrogel formation, and it has attracted a great deal of attention in the fields of energy, environmental science, and nanotechnology. Industrial applications of gum ghatti are primarily due to its excellent emulsification, stabilization, thickening, heat tolerance, pH stability, carrier, and biodegradable properties. However, utilization of gum ghatti is poorly explored and implemented due to a lack of knowledge of its production, processing, and properties. Nevertheless, there has been interest among investigators in recent times for exploring its production, processing, molecular skeleton, and functional properties. This present review focuses on production scenarios, processing aspects, structural and functional properties, and potential applications in the food, pharmaceuticals, nonfood, and other indigenous and industrial usages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjit Singh
- ICAR-Indian
Agricultural Research Institute, Gauria Karma, Hazaribagh, Jharkhand 825405, India
- Food
Engineering and Bioprocess Technology, Asian
Institute of Technology, Klong
Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Himani Priya
- ICAR-Indian
Agricultural Research Institute, Gauria Karma, Hazaribagh, Jharkhand 825405, India
| | - Simmi Ranjan Kumar
- Department
of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol
University, Phayathai, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Dipika Trivedi
- Food
Engineering and Bioprocess Technology, Asian
Institute of Technology, Klong
Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Niranjan Prasad
- Agricultural
Structures and Process Engineering Division (AS&PE), ICAR-National Institute of Secondary Agriculture, Ranchi, Jharkhand 834010, India
| | - Faraz Ahmad
- School
of Bio Science and Technology (SBST), Vellore
Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014, India
| | - Jeevitha Gada Chengaiyan
- School
of Bio Science and Technology (SBST), Vellore
Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014, India
| | - Shafiul Haque
- Research
and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health
Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
- Gilbert and
Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Beirut 1102 2801, Lebanon
- Centre of
Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman 13306, United Arab
Emirates
| | - Sandeep Singh Rana
- School
of Bio Science and Technology (SBST), Vellore
Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014, India
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Maghsoud M, Heshmati A, Taheri M, Emamifar A, Esfarjani F. The influence of carboxymethyl cellulose and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose on physicochemical, texture, and sensory characteristics of gluten-free pancake. Food Sci Nutr 2024; 12:1304-1317. [PMID: 38370078 PMCID: PMC10867465 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, gluten-free pancakes were prepared using rice flour and potato starch at a ratio of 50:50. Due to a lack of gluten networks in these ingredients, the hydrocolloid gums including carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) at 0.5%, 1%, and 1.5% and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) at 1%, 2%, and 3% were added to improve the quality of the final products. The effects of these hydrocolloid gums on the physicochemical, textural, and sensory properties of the gluten-free pancakes were evaluated. Pancakes prepared with wheat flour were used as a control sample. The results showed that the addition of both gums decreased the hardness and chewiness of the gluten-free pancakes while increasing the springiness and their moisture content. Increasing the concentration of the gums resulted in an L* value (lightness) reduction, which produced a darker crust on the pancakes. Moreover, the gluten-free pancakes containing CMC and HPMC had higher specific volumes than the gluten-free samples made without CMC and HPMC. From a sensory point of view, the samples containing 2%, 3% HPMC and 1% CMC received the highest overall acceptance score. Thus, CMC and HPMC can be used as improvers in gluten-free pancakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Maghsoud
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Medicine, Nutrition Health Research CenterHamadan University of Medical SciencesHamadanIran
| | - Ali Heshmati
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Medicine, Nutrition Health Research CenterHamadan University of Medical SciencesHamadanIran
| | - Mehdi Taheri
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Medicine, Nutrition Health Research CenterHamadan University of Medical SciencesHamadanIran
| | - Aryou Emamifar
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Food IndustryBu‐ Ali Sina UniversityHamedanIran
| | - Fatemeh Esfarjani
- Research Department of Food and Nutrition Policy and Planning, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition & Food Technology Research Institute (NNFTRI)Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
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5
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Salehi F, Inanloodoghouz M, Karami M. Rheological properties of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) solution: Impact of high intensity ultrasound. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2023; 101:106655. [PMID: 37879217 PMCID: PMC10618764 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2023.106655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Today sonication process is used as a new green tool with unique impacts on foods preservation and processing. Ultrasonic modification is an appropriate strategy to obtain good gums with useful physicochemical characteristics and molecular structure. This research aimed to analyze the impacts of sonication at different intensities (0, 75, and 150 W) and time (0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 min) on the viscosity and rheological characteristics of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) solution. The results confirmed that the apparent viscosity of CMC solution reduced from 0.030 to 0.021 Pa.s with increasing shear-rate from 12.2 s-1 to 134.5 s-1 (75 W for 10 min). Also, the apparent viscosity of CMC solution reduced from 0.028 to 0.019 Pa.s with enhancing the sonication time from 0 to 20 min (shear-rate = 61 s-1, 150 W). Various rheological equations were employed to fit the empirical values, and the results confirmed that the Power law model was the best fit to explain the flow behaviour of CMC solution. The consistency coefficient of CMC solution significantly reduced from 0.065 Pa.sn to 0.032 Pa.sn (p < 0.05) with enhancing sonication time from 0 to 20 min (75 W). Furthermore, the consistency coefficient of CMC solution decreased significantly (p < 0.05) while the ultrasonic power enhanced. Flow behaviour index of CMC solution enhanced significantly (p < 0.05) while the intensity and time of sonication enhanced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fakhreddin Salehi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran.
| | - Moein Inanloodoghouz
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Mostafa Karami
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
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6
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Li J, Liu M, Qin G, Wu X, Li M, Sun L, Dang W, Zhang S, Liang Y, Zheng X, Li L, Liu C. Classification, gelation mechanism and applications of polysaccharide-based hydrocolloids in pasta products: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 248:125956. [PMID: 37487993 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Polysaccharide-based hydrocolloids (PBHs) are a group of water-soluble polysaccharides with high molecular weight hydrophilic long-chain molecules, which are widely employed in food industry as thickeners, emulsifiers, gelling agents, and stabilizers. Pasta products are considered to be an important source of nutrition for humans, and PBHs show great potential in improving their quality and nutritional value. The hydration of PBHs to form viscous solutions or sols under specific processing conditions is a prerequisite for improving the stability of food systems. In this review, PBHs are classified in a novel way according to food processing conditions, and their gelation mechanisms are summarized. The application of PBHs in pasta products prepared under different processing methods (baking, steaming/cooking, frying, freezing) are reviewed, and the potential mechanism of PBHs in regulating pasta products quality is revealed from the interaction between PBHs and the main components of pasta products (protein, starch, and water). Finally, the safety of PBHs is critically explored, along with future perspectives. This review provides a scientific foundation for the development and specific application of PBHs in pasta products, and provides theoretical support for improving pasta product quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- National Engineering Laboratory/Key Laboratory of Henan Province, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China; College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Mei Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory/Key Laboratory of Henan Province, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China; College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Guolan Qin
- National Engineering Laboratory/Key Laboratory of Henan Province, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China; College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xinyue Wu
- National Engineering Laboratory/Key Laboratory of Henan Province, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China; College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Maozhi Li
- National Engineering Laboratory/Key Laboratory of Henan Province, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China; College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Le Sun
- National Engineering Laboratory/Key Laboratory of Henan Province, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China; College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Wenqian Dang
- National Engineering Laboratory/Key Laboratory of Henan Province, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China; College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Shenying Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory/Key Laboratory of Henan Province, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China; College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Ying Liang
- College of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xueling Zheng
- National Engineering Laboratory/Key Laboratory of Henan Province, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China; College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Limin Li
- National Engineering Laboratory/Key Laboratory of Henan Province, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China; College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Chong Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory/Key Laboratory of Henan Province, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China; College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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7
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Hedayati S, Ansari S, Javaheri Z, Golmakani MT, Ansarifar E. Multi-objective optimization of cakes formulated with fig or date syrup and different hydrocolloids based on TOPSIS. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.114088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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8
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Xie X, Li J, Zhu H, Zhang B, Liang D, Cheng L, Hao M, Guo F. Effects of Polydextrose on Rheological and Fermentation Properties of Frozen Dough and Quality of Chinese Steamed Bread. STARCH-STARKE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/star.202200153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinhua Xie
- College of Food Science and Technology Henan Agricultural University 63 Nongye Rd Zhengzhou 450002 China
| | - Jiahui Li
- College of Food Science and Technology Henan Agricultural University 63 Nongye Rd Zhengzhou 450002 China
| | - Hongshuai Zhu
- College of Food Science and Technology Henan Agricultural University 63 Nongye Rd Zhengzhou 450002 China
| | - Bobo Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology Henan Agricultural University 63 Nongye Rd Zhengzhou 450002 China
| | - Dan Liang
- College of Food Science and Technology Henan Agricultural University 63 Nongye Rd Zhengzhou 450002 China
| | - Lilin Cheng
- College of Food Science and Technology Henan Agricultural University 63 Nongye Rd Zhengzhou 450002 China
| | - Mingyuan Hao
- College of Food Science and Technology Henan Agricultural University 63 Nongye Rd Zhengzhou 450002 China
| | - Fangjie Guo
- Henan Tailijie Biotechnology Co Ltd 278 Xiangzi South Road Mengzhou 454750 China
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9
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Impact of Guar Gum and Locust Bean Gum Addition on the Pasting, Rheological Properties, and Freeze-Thaw Stability of Rice Starch Gel. Foods 2022; 11:foods11162508. [PMID: 36010508 PMCID: PMC9407422 DOI: 10.3390/foods11162508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Improving the gel texture and stability of rice starch (RS) by natural hydrocolloids is important for the development of gluten-free starch-based products. In this paper, the effects of guar gum and locust bean gum on the pasting, rheological properties, and freeze−thaw stability of rice starch were investigated by using a rapid visco analyzer, rheometer, and texture analyzer. Both gums can modify the pasting properties, revealed by an increment in the peak, trough, and final viscosities, and prevent the short-term retrogradation tendency of RS. Dynamic viscoelasticity measurements also indicated that the starch−gum system exhibits superior viscoelastic properties compared with starch alone, as revealed by its higher storage modulus (G′). Compared with the control, the hysteresis loop area of the guar gum-containing system and locust bean gum-containing system was reduced by 37.7% and 24.2%, respectively, indicating that the addition of gums could enhance shear resistance and structure recovery properties. The thermodynamic properties indicated that both gums retard short-term retrogradation as well as long-term retrogradation of the RS gels. Interestingly, the textural properties and freeze−thaw stability of the RS gel were significantly improved by the addition of galactomannans (p < 0.05), and guar gum was more effective than locust bean gum, which may be due to the different mannose to galactose ratio. The results provide alternatives for gluten-free recipes with improved texture properties and freeze−thaw stability.
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Exploring the Role of Acacia ( Acacia seyal) and Cactus ( Opuntia ficus-indica) Gums on the Dough Performance and Quality Attributes of Breads and Cakes. Foods 2022; 11:foods11091208. [PMID: 35563930 PMCID: PMC9105275 DOI: 10.3390/foods11091208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Two hydrocolloids, acacia gum and cactus gum, were tested in the current study to see if they could improve the quality of the dough or have an effect on the shelf life of pan bread and sponge cake. Both gums considerably (p < 0.05) enhanced the dough development time, softness, and mixing tolerance index while decreasing the water absorption. Although the dough was more stable with the addition of acacia gum than with cactus gum, the control sample had the highest peak, final, breakdown, and setback viscosities. Acacia gum, on the other hand, resulted in a higher wheat-flour-slurry pasting temperature (84.07 °C) than cactus gum (68.53 °C). The inclusion of both gums, particularly 3%, reduces the gel’s textural hardness, gumminess, chewiness, springiness, and adhesiveness. Lightness (L*) and yellowness (b*) were both increased by the addition of acacia gum to bread and cake, whereas the addition of cactus gum increased both color parameters for cakes. The use of acacia gum increased the bread and cake’s volume. Cactus gum, on the other hand, caused a decrease in bread hardness after 24 h and 96 h. The cake containing acacia gum, on the other hand, was the least stiff after both storage times. Similarly, sensory attributes such as the crumb color and overall acceptability of the bread and cake were improved by 3% with acacia gum. For these and other reasons, the addition of cactus and acacia gums to bread and cake increased their organoleptic qualities, controlled staining, and made them softer.
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11
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Lin S. Dietary fiber in bakery products: Source, processing, and function. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2022; 99:37-100. [PMID: 35595397 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2021.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Bakery products are prevalently consumed foods in the world, and they have been regarded as convenient dietary vehicles for delivering nutritive ingredients into people's diet, of which, dietary fiber (DF) is one of the most popular items. The food industry attempts to produce fiber-enriched bakery products with both increasing nutritional value and appealing palatability. As many new sources of DFs become available, and consumers are moving towards healthier diets, studies of using these DFs as functional ingredients in baked goods are becoming vast. Besides, the nutrition value of DF is commonly accepted, and many investigations have also revealed the health benefits of fiber-enriched bakery products. Thus, this chapter presents an overview of (1) trends in supplementation of DF from various sources, (2) impact of DF on dough processing, quality and physiological functionality of bakery products, and (3) technologies used to improve the compatibility of DF in bakery products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suyun Lin
- Key Lab for Natural Products and Functional Foods of Jiangxi Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China.
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12
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A Concise Review on Taro Mucilage: Extraction Techniques, Chemical Composition, Characterization, Applications, and Health Attributes. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14061163. [PMID: 35335495 PMCID: PMC8949670 DOI: 10.3390/polym14061163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Taro (Colocasia esculenta) is an important source of carbohydrates as an energy source and is used as a staple food throughout the world. It is rich in mucilage and starch granules, making it a highly digestible ingredient. Mucilage can act as a matrix and a thickening, binding, emulsifying, or foaming agent in food, pharmaceutical, and several other fields of research. Moreover, mucilage can be extracted from several living organisms and has excellent functional properties, such as water-holding, oil-holding, and swelling capacities. Therefore, these remarkable functional properties make mucilage a promising ingredient with possible industrial applications. Furthermore, several extraction techniques, including enzyme-assisted, ultrasonication, microwave-assisted, aquatic, and solvent extraction methods, are used to obtain quantitative amounts of taro mucilage. Coldwater extraction with ethanol precipitation can be considered an effective and cost-effective technique to obtain high-quality mucilage with suitable industrial applications, whereas the ultrasonication method is more expensive but results in a higher amount of mucilage than other emerging techniques. Mucilage can also be used as a fat replacer or reducer, dye remover, coating agent, and antioxidating agent. Therefore, in this review, we detail the key properties related to the extraction techniques, chemical composition, and characterization of taro mucilage, along with its suitable applications and health benefits.
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13
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Chen C, Zhang M, Liu W, Lin Z. Baking characteristic improvement and starch retrogradation inhibition of Chinese pancakes by hydrocolloids. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.16529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University 214122 Wuxi, Jiangsu China
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety Jiangnan University 214122 Wuxi, Jiangsu China
| | - Min Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University 214122 Wuxi, Jiangsu China
- Jiangsu Province International Joint Laboratory on Fresh Food Smart Processing and Quality Monitoring Jiangnan University 214122 Wuxi, Jiangsu China
| | - Wenchao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University 214122 Wuxi, Jiangsu China
| | - Zhihan Lin
- Jiangsu New Herunshijia Food Co Zhenjiang Jiangsu China
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14
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Deb M, Dash KK. Rheological and mass transport characteristics of hydrocolloid incorporated multilayered wheat flour dough sheet (Khaja) during frying. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.16227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Madhuparna Deb
- Department of Food Engineering and Technology Tezpur University Tezpur India
| | - Kshirod K. Dash
- Department of Food Engineering and Technology Tezpur University Tezpur India
- Department of Food Processing Technology GKCIET Malda India
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15
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Amani H, Baranyai L, Badak-Kerti K, Mousavi Khaneghah A. Influence of Baking Temperature and Formulation on Physical, Sensorial, and Morphological Properties of Pogácsa Cake: An Image Analysis Study. Foods 2022; 11:foods11030321. [PMID: 35159471 PMCID: PMC8834173 DOI: 10.3390/foods11030321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Pogácsa is a high-demand bakery product with a unique texture, where crumb structure is a determining factor for its textural quality and consumer acceptability. At present, there is no non-destructive in-line inspection method for textural quality assessment of pogácsa. Therefore, this study was aimed to evaluate the texture of pogácsa using the image processing technique, which was prepared using different cheeses with varying moisture contents (MC) and was baked at 200 and 215 °C. Samples were assessed for textural, visual, physical, and sensorial properties. The findings indicated that the highest porosity (72.75%) was found for the sample baked at 215 °C with low-moisture cheese (58%), while the lowest porosity (32.66%) was observed for cheese-free sample baked at 200 °C. Pore volumetric ratio and MC showed strong correlations (p < 0.01) with hardness (−0.90 and −0.89), resilience (0.87 and 0.83), cohesiveness (0.84 and 0.82), springiness (0.87 and 0.90), gumminess (−0.92 and −0.92), and chewiness (−0.92 and −0.92), respectively. The pore volumetric ratio showed a strong correlation (p < 0.01) with reference porosity (0.71). Overall, the current study indicated that adding cheese with varying MC and baking temperature could affect the texture of pogácsa cake, which could be detected by image analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanieh Amani
- Department of Grains and Industrial Plants Processing, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 1118 Budapest, Hungary;
- Correspondence: (H.A.); (A.M.K.) or (A.M.K.)
| | - László Baranyai
- Department of Measurements and Process Control, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 1118 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Katalin Badak-Kerti
- Department of Grains and Industrial Plants Processing, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 1118 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Amin Mousavi Khaneghah
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-862, SP, Brazil
- Correspondence: (H.A.); (A.M.K.) or (A.M.K.)
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16
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Salehi F, Haseli A, Roustaei A. Coating of Zucchini Slices with Balangu, Basil, and Wild Sage Seeds Gums to Improve the Frying Properties. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.202100120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fakhreddin Salehi
- Faculty of Agriculture Bu‐Ali Sina University Hamedan 6516738695 Iran
| | - Alireza Haseli
- Faculty of Agriculture Bu‐Ali Sina University Hamedan 6516738695 Iran
| | - Amirreza Roustaei
- Faculty of Agriculture Bu‐Ali Sina University Hamedan 6516738695 Iran
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17
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Application of chia (Salvia hispanica) mucilage as an ingredient replacer in foods. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.06.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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18
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Kumar A, Kumari P, Gupta K, Singh M, Tomer V. Recent Advances in Extraction, Techno-functional Properties, Food and Therapeutic Applications as Well as Safety Aspects of Natural and Modified Stabilizers. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2021.1950174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ashwani Kumar
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India
| | - Pooja Kumari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India
| | - Kritika Gupta
- Department of Nutrition and Hospitality Management, University of Mississippi, Oxford, USA
| | - Manjot Singh
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India
| | - Vidisha Tomer
- VIT School of Agricultural Innovations and Advanced Learning, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
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19
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Amani H, Firtha F, Jakab I, Baranyai L, Badak-Kerti K. Nondestructive evaluation of baking parameters on pogácsa texture. J Texture Stud 2021; 52:510-519. [PMID: 34137033 DOI: 10.1111/jtxs.12619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the potential application of image texture processing method on visible crumb structure of salty cake pogácsa, which was prepared with different baking times (5 and 7 min) and temperatures (200, 215, and 230°C). For this purpose, changes in gray level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) features including energy, contrast, correlation, homogeneity, and entropy were monitored and their relationship with the instrumental texture parameters (hardness, adhesiveness, cohesiveness, springiness, gumminess, and chewiness) were assessed. The pore ratios were also extracted and visualized using image processing technique. Texture profile parameters indicated strong correlation (p < .01) with the image pattern parameters in different pogácsa groups. Gumminess showed strong correlation with contrast (0.503), correlation (-0.498), and homogeneity (0.401). Hardness also exhibited correlation with contrast (0.517), entropy (0.341), and correlation (-0.476). The pore ratio showed marked variation in crumb structure when different times and temperatures were used. Baking at 230°C for 7 min maximized the pore ratio (0.56). Penalty analysis revealed that oiliness, pore structure, and color of products were linked with baking time and temperature. Overall, the results suggested that the GLCM-based technique had the potential to be used as a nondestructive method for rapid quality assessment of pogácsa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanieh Amani
- Department of Grains and Industrial Plants Processing, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Firtha
- Department of Measurements and Process Control, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ivett Jakab
- Department of Grains and Industrial Plants Processing, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Baranyai
- Department of Measurements and Process Control, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Katalin Badak-Kerti
- Department of Grains and Industrial Plants Processing, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
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20
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Salehi F. Rheological and physicochemical properties of vegetable juices and concentrates: A review. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.15326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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21
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Kowalska M, Michalski Ł, Kiraga A, Żbikowska A. Changing the profile of sponge cakes by introducing to the recipe different type of flour. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.15207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Kowalska
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Commodity Science Kazimierz Pulaski University of Technology and Humanities Radom Poland
| | - Łukasz Michalski
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Commodity Science Kazimierz Pulaski University of Technology and Humanities Radom Poland
| | - Aneta Kiraga
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Commodity Science Kazimierz Pulaski University of Technology and Humanities Radom Poland
| | - Anna Żbikowska
- Institute of Food Sciences Faculty of Food Assessment and Technology Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS‐SGGW) Warsaw Poland
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22
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Amini G, Salehi F, Rasouli M. Drying kinetics of basil seed mucilage in an infrared dryer: Application of GA‐ANN and ANFIS for the prediction of drying time and moisture ratio. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.15258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ghazale Amini
- Faculty of Agriculture Bu‐Ali Sina University Hamedan Iran
| | | | - Majid Rasouli
- Faculty of Agriculture Bu‐Ali Sina University Hamedan Iran
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23
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Pourmohammadi O, Hosseini Ghaboos SH, Jafarian S. Physicochemical, rheological, and sensorial properties of bread supplemented with pumpkin powder and basil seed gum. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.14739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ousha Pourmohammadi
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Azadshahr Branch Islamic Azad University Azadshahr Iran
| | | | - Sara Jafarian
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Nour Branch Islamic Azad University Nour Iran
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24
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Zhang Y, Ruan C, Wang J, Han J, Shao Z, Li X, Sun Y, Liang J. The effect of additives combination on rheological properties of dough and quality of bread with Agaricus bisporus powder. FOOD SCI TECHNOL INT 2020; 27:554-562. [PMID: 33236641 DOI: 10.1177/1082013220973822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The bread with Agaricus bisporus powder has the defects of poor texture and taste, so it is necessary to optimize the appropriate additives in order to improve its quality. The purpose of this study was to evaluate improvement of the combination of vital wheat gluten, sucrose fatty acid esters and cellulase on the improved Agaricus bisporus powder bread (IABPB), with wheat bread (WB) and bread with Agaricus bisporus powder (ABPB) as control. The results of rheological properties indicated the dough samples improved with three improvers had higher solid-like behaviour than the control sample. The results of nutritional quality analysis showed that the protein and dietary fiber content of IABPB was higher than those of WB and ABPB, but the fat content was relatively low. In addition, the additives combination could effectively improve the baking quality of ABPB. Compared with ABPB without additives, the specific volume increased by 21.22%, the brightness of bread crumb increased by 8.75%, but the crumb hardness decreased by 32.57%. Furthermore, the study on texture property and water migration during the storage showed that the addition of three improvers could delay the aging of bread. Therefore, it was feasible to use additives combination as a special quality improver for ABPB, which could effectively improve its quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumeng Zhang
- Anhui Engineering Laboratory for Agro-products Processing, College of Tea and Food Science and Technology, 12486Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Chengcheng Ruan
- Anhui Engineering Laboratory for Agro-products Processing, College of Tea and Food Science and Technology, 12486Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Jiejie Wang
- Anhui Engineering Laboratory for Agro-products Processing, College of Tea and Food Science and Technology, 12486Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Jing Han
- Anhui Engineering Laboratory for Agro-products Processing, College of Tea and Food Science and Technology, 12486Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Zihan Shao
- Anhui Engineering Laboratory for Agro-products Processing, College of Tea and Food Science and Technology, 12486Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Xueling Li
- Anhui Engineering Laboratory for Agro-products Processing, College of Tea and Food Science and Technology, 12486Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Yue Sun
- Anhui Engineering Laboratory for Agro-products Processing, College of Tea and Food Science and Technology, 12486Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Jin Liang
- Anhui Engineering Laboratory for Agro-products Processing, College of Tea and Food Science and Technology, 12486Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
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25
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Ashraf W, Shehzad A, Sharif HR, Aadil RM, Rafiq Khan M, Zhang L. Influence of selected hydrocolloids on the rheological, functional, and textural properties of wheat‐pumpkin flour bread. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.14777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Waqas Ashraf
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University Wuxi China
- Faculty of Food, Nutrition and Home Sciences National Institute of Food Science and TechnologyUniversity of Agriculture Faisalabad Pakistan
| | - Aamir Shehzad
- Faculty of Food, Nutrition and Home Sciences National Institute of Food Science and TechnologyUniversity of Agriculture Faisalabad Pakistan
- UniLaSalle, Univ. Artois, EA7519 ‐ Transformations & Agro‐ressources, Normandie Université Mont‐Saint‐Aignan France
| | - Hafiz Rizwan Sharif
- University Institute of Diet and Nutritional Sciences, The University of Lahore Gujrat Campus Gujrat Pakistan
| | - Rana Muhammad Aadil
- Faculty of Food, Nutrition and Home Sciences National Institute of Food Science and TechnologyUniversity of Agriculture Faisalabad Pakistan
| | - Moazzam Rafiq Khan
- Faculty of Food, Nutrition and Home Sciences National Institute of Food Science and TechnologyUniversity of Agriculture Faisalabad Pakistan
| | - Lianfu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University Wuxi China
- The Food College Shihezi University Shihezi China
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26
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Salehi F. Effect of coatings made by new hydrocolloids on the oil uptake during deep‐fat frying: A review. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.14879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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27
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Salehi F. Physico-chemical and rheological properties of fruit and vegetable juices as affected by high pressure homogenization: A review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2020.1781167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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28
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Tinzl-Malang SK, Grattepanche F, Rast P, Fischer P, Sych J, Lacroix C. Purified exopolysaccharides from Weissella confusa 11GU-1 and Propionibacterium freudenreichii JS15 act synergistically on bread structure to prevent staling. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2020.109375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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29
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Salehi F. Improvement of gluten-free bread and cake properties using natural hydrocolloids: A review. Food Sci Nutr 2019; 7:3391-3402. [PMID: 31762992 PMCID: PMC6848842 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The main wheat component responsible for bread and cake quality is gluten. Celiac disease is an autoimmune digestive disease that is caused by the digestion of gluten, and the only treatment of this disease is a gluten-free diet. Various gluten-free formulations (composite and wheatless flours) have applied gums (as gluten substitutes) to mimic the viscoelastic properties of gluten. In the bakery products, gums have been used to improve dough performance, bread and cake characteristics, textural and sensorial quality, and extension the products shelf life. This paper reviews the effect of the most common and new hydrocolloids (balangu seed, wild sage seed, basil seed, cress seed, xanthan, guar, starch carrageenan, methylcellulose, carboxy methyl cellulose, hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose, and locust bean gums) on the rheological, physicochemical, textural, and quality characteristics of gluten-free breads and cakes. Gums affect gelatinization and retrogradation of starch through a strong association of amylose with gum, resulting in a decrease in the retrogradation of starch. Gums addition increased volume and porosity of the breads and cakes and resulted in softer products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fakhreddin Salehi
- Department of Biosystems EngineeringFaculty of AgricultureBu‐Ali Sina UniversityHamedanIran
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