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Rivadeneira-Barreiro P, Montes-de-Oca-Jiménez R, Zambrano-Rodríguez P, Vázquez-Chagoyán JC, Gutiérrez-Castillo ADC, Pardo-Marin L, Franco-Martínez L, Cerón JJ, Martínez-Subiela S. Acute Phase Proteins in Dogs with Natural Infection by Trypanosoma cruzi. Trop Med Infect Dis 2023; 8:299. [PMID: 37368717 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed8060299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute phase proteins have been used as tools for the diagnosis, monitoring, and prognosis of several diseases in domestic animals. However, the dynamics of these proteins in infection by Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of Chagas disease in dogs, is still unknown. The aim of this study was to determine concentrations of acute phase proteins (C-reactive protein, haptoglobin, ferritin and paraoxonase-1) in dogs in a coastal town of Ecuador, with natural Trypanosoma cruzi infection with or without seroreactivity of Ehrlichia canis, Ehrlichia ewingii, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Anaplasma platys, Borrelia burgdorferi and Dirofilaria immitis. For the detection of Trypanosoma cruzi serum antibodies, two different antigen-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay tests were implemented. For the detection of seroreactivity of Ehrlichia canis, Ehrlichia ewingii, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Anaplasma platys, Borrelia burgdorferi and Dirofilaria immitis, an IDEXX SNAP® 4Dx® test was used. To determine the concentration of C-reactive protein and ferritin, an immunoturbidimetric assay was used; haptoglobin concentration was measured using a commercial colorimetric method validated in dogs; a spectrophotometric method was used to determine the serum concentration of paraoxonase-1. Results showed a reduction in the serum levels of paraoxonase-1 in Trypanosoma cruzi-seroreactive dogs, either with or without seroreactivity to other vector-borne diseases. A serum ferritin increment was observed in Trypanosoma cruzi-seroreactive dogs with seroreactivity to any other vector-borne diseases. Our findings suggest that paraoxonase-1 levels are reduced in Trypanosoma cruzi-seroreactive dogs without evident clinical signs of Chagas disease, despite their seroreactivity to the other vector-borne diseases studied. These findings could indicate an oxidative stress response in Trypanosoma cruzi-seroreactive dogs with no evident signs of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Rivadeneira-Barreiro
- Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados en Salud Animal, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Km 15.5 Carretera Panamericana Toluca-Atlacomulco, Toluca 50200, Mexico
- Departamento de Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Técnica de Manabí, Portoviejo 130105, Ecuador
| | - Roberto Montes-de-Oca-Jiménez
- Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados en Salud Animal, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Km 15.5 Carretera Panamericana Toluca-Atlacomulco, Toluca 50200, Mexico
| | - Pablo Zambrano-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Técnica de Manabí, Portoviejo 130105, Ecuador
| | - Juan Carlos Vázquez-Chagoyán
- Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados en Salud Animal, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Km 15.5 Carretera Panamericana Toluca-Atlacomulco, Toluca 50200, Mexico
| | - Adriana Del Carmen Gutiérrez-Castillo
- Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados en Salud Animal, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Km 15.5 Carretera Panamericana Toluca-Atlacomulco, Toluca 50200, Mexico
| | - Luis Pardo-Marin
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis, Interlab-UMU, Regional Campus of International Excellence 'Campus Mare Nostrum', University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Lorena Franco-Martínez
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis, Interlab-UMU, Regional Campus of International Excellence 'Campus Mare Nostrum', University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - José Joaquín Cerón
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis, Interlab-UMU, Regional Campus of International Excellence 'Campus Mare Nostrum', University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Silvia Martínez-Subiela
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis, Interlab-UMU, Regional Campus of International Excellence 'Campus Mare Nostrum', University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
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Ravicini S, Kent A, Dunning M, Baines S, Clarke S, Allerton F. Description and outcome of dogs with primary immune-mediated polyarthritis: 73 cases (2012-2017). J Small Anim Pract 2023; 64:142-148. [PMID: 36321528 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.13565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To provide a description of primary idiopathic immune-mediated polyarthritis, including long-term outcome and relapse rates, for dogs starting treatment with corticosteroids alone or corticosteroids with a second immunosuppressant. MATERIALS AND METHODS Medical records were reviewed between January 2012 and December 2017 to identify dogs diagnosed with primary immune-mediated polyarthritis. Data including signalment, clinicopathological findings, type and duration of treatment, relapse and outcome were recorded. RESULTS Seventy-three dogs were included. Fifty-four dogs were started on corticosteroid monotherapy (an additional immunosuppressant was introduced later in 27/54 dogs) and 19 dogs were treated with multi-modal immunosuppression from the outset. Ninety-five percent (69/73) of dogs responded favourably to therapy although death was attributed to immune-mediated polyarthritis in 19% (14/73) of dogs. Relapse of clinical signs was reported in 53% (39/73) dogs (31/39 while on treatment), with multiple relapses observed in 17 dogs. Complete cure (permanent withdrawal of immunosuppressive medication) was achieved in 46 dogs (63%). Overall, 81% of dogs had a well-managed disease for an extended timeframe (≥1131 days). Fourteen of 19 (74%) dogs that started treatment with multi-modal immunosuppression and 32 of 54 (59%) started on corticosteroids alone achieved a complete cure. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE This study provides extended follow-up information for a large cohort of dogs with primary immune-mediated polyarthritis. Immunosuppressive therapy was discontinued in the majority of dogs but disease-associated mortality remains high.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ravicini
- Washington State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - A Kent
- Willows Veterinary Centre and Referral Service, Solihull, West Midlands, UK
| | - M Dunning
- Willows Veterinary Centre and Referral Service, Solihull, West Midlands, UK.,School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - S Baines
- Willows Veterinary Centre and Referral Service, Solihull, West Midlands, UK
| | - S Clarke
- Willows Veterinary Centre and Referral Service, Solihull, West Midlands, UK
| | - F Allerton
- Willows Veterinary Centre and Referral Service, Solihull, West Midlands, UK
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3
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Hernandez B, Jaffey JA, Cohn LA, Backus RC, KuKanich K, Hanzlicek AS, Parker VJ, White ME, Ringold R, Westerback E, Freilich L, Bolch C. Evaluation of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, C-reactive protein, and haptoglobin as biomarkers in dogs newly diagnosed with histoplasmosis. J Vet Intern Med 2023; 37:476-483. [PMID: 36748822 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin (OH)D, C-reactive protein (CRP), and haptoglobin are useful biomarkers in various infectious diseases and inflammatory disorders in dogs, but their utility in histoplasmosis is unknown. OBJECTIVE Determine if serum 25(OH)D, CRP, and haptoglobin concentrations are different in dogs with histoplasmosis compared to healthy controls and whether serum globulin, albumin, CRP, or haptoglobin are associated with 25(OH)D concentration. ANIMALS Twenty-two client-owned dogs (histoplasmosis, n = 12; controls, n = 10). METHODS Prospective case-control study. Dogs with histoplasmosis were categorized as pulmonary, disseminated, or gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Serum 25(OH)D was measured using modified high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Serum CRP and haptoglobin were measured with ELISA assays. RESULTS Dogs with histoplasmosis were grouped as disseminated (n = 8) and GI tract (n = 4). No dogs had pulmonary tract involvement alone. Dogs with histoplasmosis (median, interquartile range [IQR]; 11.6 ng/mL, 16.8) had lower serum 25(OH)D concentrations than controls (35.7 ng/mL, 17.6; P < .001). Serum CRP and haptoglobin concentrations were higher in dogs with histoplasmosis (CRP: median, IQR; 63.5 mg/L, 37.1 and haptoglobin: 459.7 mg/dL, 419.6) than controls (CRP: 1.9 mg/L, 2; P < .001 and haptoglobin: 85.5 mg/dL, 106.7; P = .003). Serum 25(OH)D concentration was positively associated with fold change in serum albumin concentration (ρ = 0.77; P < .001), and negatively associated with fold change in serum globulin (ρ = -0.61; P = .003) and CRP concentrations (ρ = -0.56; P = .01). CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Assay of serum 25(OH)D, CRP, and haptoglobin could have clinical value in dogs with histoplasmosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betsy Hernandez
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Jared A Jaffey
- Department of Specialty Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, Arizona, USA
| | - Leah A Cohn
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Robert C Backus
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Kate KuKanich
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
| | - Andrew S Hanzlicek
- MiraVista Diagnostics, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.,Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Valerie J Parker
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Mary E White
- Department of Pathology and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, Arizona, USA
| | | | - Emily Westerback
- Department of Specialty Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, Arizona, USA
| | - Leah Freilich
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
| | - Charlotte Bolch
- Department of Research and Sponsored Programs, Midwestern University, College of Graduate Studies, Glendale, Arizona, USA
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Jaffey JA, Shubitz LF, Johnson MDL, Bolch CA, da Cunha A, Murthy AK, Lopez BS, Monasky R, Carswell I, Spiker J, Neubert MJ, Menghani SV. Evaluation of Host Constitutive and Ex Vivo Coccidioidal Antigen-Stimulated Immune Response in Dogs with Naturally Acquired Coccidioidomycosis. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:jof9020213. [PMID: 36836327 PMCID: PMC9959558 DOI: 10.3390/jof9020213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The early innate immune response to coccidioidomycosis has proven to be pivotal in directing the adaptive immune response and disease outcome in mice and humans but is unexplored in dogs. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the innate immune profile of dogs with coccidioidomycosis and determine if differences exist based on the extent of infection (i.e., pulmonary or disseminated). A total of 28 dogs with coccidioidomycosis (pulmonary, n = 16; disseminated, n = 12) and 10 seronegative healthy controls were enrolled. Immunologic testing was performed immediately, without ex vivo incubation (i.e., constitutive), and after coccidioidal antigen stimulation of whole blood cultures. Whole blood cultures were incubated with a phosphate-buffered solution (PBS) (negative control) or a coccidioidal antigen (rCTS1 (105-310); 10 µg/mL) for 24 h. A validated canine-specific multiplex bead-based assay was used to measure 12 cytokines in plasma and cell culture supernatant. Serum C-reactive protein (CRP) was measured with an ELISA assay. Leukocyte expression of toll-like receptors (TLRs)2 and TLR4 was measured using flow cytometry. Dogs with coccidioidomycosis had higher constitutive plasma keratinocyte chemotactic (KC)-like concentrations (p = 0.02) and serum CRP concentrations compared to controls (p < 0.001). Moreover, dogs with pulmonary coccidioidomycosis had higher serum CRP concentrations than those with dissemination (p = 0.001). Peripheral blood leukocytes from dogs with coccidioidomycosis produced higher concentrations of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α (p = 0.0003), interleukin (IL)-6 (p = 0.04), interferon (IFN)-γ (p = 0.03), monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 (p = 0.02), IL-10 (p = 0.02), and lower IL-8 (p = 0.003) in supernatants following coccidioidal antigen stimulation when compared to those from control dogs. There was no detectable difference between dogs with pulmonary and disseminated disease. No differences in constitutive or stimulated leukocyte TLR2 and TLR4 expression were found. These results provide information about the constitutive and coccidioidal antigen-specific stimulated immune profile in dogs with naturally acquired coccidioidomycosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared A. Jaffey
- Department of Specialty Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Lisa F. Shubitz
- Valley Fever Center for Excellence, College of Medicine-Tucson, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Michael D. L. Johnson
- Department of Immunobiology, Valley Fever Center for Excellence, BIO5 Institute, Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center, University of Arizona, College of Medicine-Tucson, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Charlotte A. Bolch
- Office of Research and Sponsored Programs, College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA
| | - Anderson da Cunha
- Department of Specialty Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA
| | - Ashlesh K. Murthy
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA
| | - Brina S. Lopez
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA
| | - Ross Monasky
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA
| | - Imani Carswell
- Department of Specialty Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA
| | - Justine Spiker
- Department of Specialty Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA
| | - Miranda J. Neubert
- Department of Immunobiology, College of Medicine-Tucson, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Sanjay V. Menghani
- Department of Immunobiology, Medical Scientist Training Program, College of Medicine-Tucson, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
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Jaffey JA, Kreisler R, Shubitz LF, Backus RC, Hostnik ET, Wycislo KL, Monasky R, Schaffer M, Holland C. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations in dogs with coccidioidomycosis and variables associated with extent of clinically evident disease. Vet Med (Auckl) 2023; 37:150-160. [PMID: 36629803 PMCID: PMC9889719 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinicopathologic variables predictive of disseminated coccidioidomycosis are known in humans but have not been explored in dogs. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin (OH)D correlates with severity of disease of various etiologies in dogs but its role in coccidioidomycosis is unknown. OBJECTIVE Determine whether serum 25(OH)D concentrations are different in dogs with coccidioidomycosis compared with healthy controls and if clinicopathologic variables are associated with extent of disease. ANIMALS Thirty-five dogs with coccidioidomycosis (pulmonary, n = 13; disseminated, n = 15; uncharacterized, n = 7), and 25 healthy control dogs. METHODS Prospective cohort study. Serum 25(OH)D and C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations were measured with modified-HPLC and a commercial ELISA kit, respectively. RESULTS There was no difference in 25(OH)D concentrations between dogs with coccidioidomycosis (median, interquartile range [IQR]; 31.9 ng/mL, 23.3-49.2) and controls (29.5 ng/mL, 25.6-40.8, P = .73). Serum 25(OH)D concentration was lower in dogs with coccidioidomycosis and IgG titers ≥1:32 than dogs with titers below this cut-off (P = .02). Dogs with IgG titers ≥1:32 were more likely to have disseminated disease (OR, 7.5; 95% CI: 1.1-68; P = .03). Serum CRP concentrations were higher in dogs with IgG titers ≥1:16 (median, IQR; 4474.8 ng/mL, 2885.8-8236.1) than in those below this cut-off (151.2 ng/mL, 30.4-2907.3; P = .02). There was a significant inverse association between serum 25(OH)D and CRP at 25(OH)D concentrations ≤33 ng/mL. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Serum 25(OH)D concentration was lower for dogs with IgG titers ≥1:32, indicating a potential association between semi-quantitative titers and 25(OH)D concentrations in dogs with coccidioidomycosis. IgG titers ≥1:32 yielded higher odds of disseminated disease, but was inadequate as a standalone test to determine form of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared A. Jaffey
- Department of Specialty MedicineMidwestern University College of Veterinary MedicineGlendaleArizonaUSA
| | - Rachael Kreisler
- Department of Primary Care, Shelter, and Community MedicineMidwestern University College of Veterinary MedicineGlendaleArizonaUSA
| | - Lisa F. Shubitz
- Valley Fever Center for ExcellenceUniversity of Arizona College of Medicine‐TucsonTucsonArizonaUSA
| | - Robert C. Backus
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary Health CenterUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMissouriUSA
| | - Eric T. Hostnik
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary MedicineThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
| | - Kathryn L. Wycislo
- Department of PathologyMidwestern University College of Veterinary MedicineGlendaleArizonaUSA
| | - Ross Monasky
- Department of Specialty MedicineMidwestern University College of Veterinary MedicineGlendaleArizonaUSA
| | - Magen Schaffer
- Department of Specialty MedicineMidwestern University College of Veterinary MedicineGlendaleArizonaUSA
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Menard J, Porter I, Lerer A, Robbins S, Johnson PJ, Goggs R. Serial evaluation of thoracic radiographs and acute phase proteins in dogs with pneumonia. J Vet Intern Med 2022; 36:1430-1443. [PMID: 35616241 PMCID: PMC9308444 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Acute phase proteins (APP) may guide treatment of pneumonia in dogs but correlations with radiographic abnormalities are poorly characterized. Objectives Develop a thoracic radiographic severity scoring system (TRSS), assess correlation of radiographic changes with APP concentrations, and compare time to APP and radiograph normalization with duration of antimicrobials treatment. Animals Sixteen client‐owned dogs, 12 with aspiration pneumonia, and 4 with community‐acquired pneumonia. Methods Concentrations of C‐reactive protein (CRP), serum amyloid A (SAA), and haptoglobin were measured on days 1, 3, 7, 14, 28, and 60 and orthogonal 2‐view thoracic radiographs were obtained on days 1, 7, 14, 28, and 60. Treatment was clinician‐guided and blinded to APP concentrations. Radiographic severity scores were assigned by blinded, randomized retrospective review by 2 board‐certified radiologists with arbitration by a third radiologist. Results Median (interquartile range [IQR]) time to normalization of CRP (7 days [7‐14]) and SAA concentrations (7 days [7‐14]) were shorter than antimicrobial treatment duration (17.5 days [14.5‐33.5]; P = .001 and .002, respectively) and TRSS normalization (14 days [8.8‐52], P = .02 and .02, respectively). The CRP and SAA concentrations were positively correlated with TRSS (CRP rs, 0.643; SAA rs, 0.634; both P < .0001). Both CRP and SAA identified normal thoracic radiographs area under the curve (AUC) 0.873 and 0.817, respectively, both P < .0001. Interobserver agreement for TRSS assignment was moderate (κ, .499; P < .0001). Conclusion and Clinical Importance Concentrations of CRP and SAA normalized before radiographic resolution and before clinicians discontinued antimicrobial treatment. The CRP and SAA concentrations may guide duration of antimicrobial treatment for dogs with pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Menard
- Department of Veterinary Clinical and Diagnostic Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ian Porter
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Assaf Lerer
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Sarah Robbins
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Philippa J Johnson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Robert Goggs
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
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7
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Connolly SL, Solter P, Don JH, Jeong KH, Constable PD. Evaluation of a point-of-care benchtop analyzer for quantitative measurement of C-reactive protein in canine serum and plasma. Vet Clin Pathol 2022; 51:511-523. [PMID: 35578379 DOI: 10.1111/vcp.13123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Canine C-reactive protein (cCRP) is an acute-phase protein that increases dramatically with inflammation and has potential utility in monitoring disease progression and response to treatment. Rapid, automated point-of-care test (POCT) formats could enhance the clinical utility of cCRP measurement. OBJECTIVES We aimed to evaluate the VetChroma canine-specific POCT assay for the quantitative measurement of cCRP in canine serum or plasma. METHODS Serum and plasma from discarded canine diagnostic samples were used. Evaluation included intra- and inter-assay coefficients of variation and observed total error (TEobs ), linearity and spike recovery, the effect of interfering substances and sample matrices, and a method comparison study. RESULTS Intra-assay variation ranged from 2.5%-6.1%, and inter-assay variation ranged from 2.1%-5.4%. The TEobs ranged from 15.1%-19.7%. The assay was linear over the manufacturer's analytical range with no evidence of constant or proportional bias. Recovery of purified cCRP from canine serum ranged from 116.2% to 138.4%. Hemolysis, icterus, and turbidity did not interfere with the assay. The comparison of paired plasma and serum samples revealed constant and proportional bias. Comparison of the VetChroma cCRP assay to a commercial cCRP ELISA revealed significantly different results. CONCLUSIONS The VetChroma cCRP assay has acceptable test performance to measure serum cCRP concentration. The POCT protocol and test kit are valid for clinical use, although results obtained using other cCRP assays or plasma may not be directly compared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara L Connolly
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Phil Solter
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Joo Hoo Don
- Anivet Diagnostics Inc, Chuncheon-si, South Korea
| | | | - Peter D Constable
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, USA
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8
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Ambrosini YM, Piedra‐Mora C, Jennings S, Webster CRL. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and C-reactive protein and plasma von Willebrand concentrations in 23 dogs with chronic hepatopathies. J Vet Intern Med 2022; 36:966-975. [PMID: 35420222 PMCID: PMC9151486 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)VD) and C-reactive protein (CRP) and von Willebrand's factor (vWF) concentration correlate with histopathologic disease grade and stage in chronic inflammatory and fibrotic hepatopathies (CH) in humans. OBJECTIVES To evaluate serum 25(OH)VD and serum CRP concentrations and plasma vWF concentration and determine if they correlate with histopathologic and biochemical variables in dog with CH. ANIMALS Twenty-three client-owned dogs with a histopathologic diagnosis of CH were prospectively enrolled. METHODS Blood samples were collected before liver biopsy. Correlations between biomarkers and clinical pathological and histopathologic variables were evaluated using Pearson's or Spearman's test. RESULTS Serum 25(OH)VD concentration (median, 213 nmol/L; range, 42-527 nmol/L) was negatively correlated with serum aspartate aminotransferase activity (AST; rho = -0.59, P < .01), polymorphonuclear neutrophil count (PMN; r = -0.46, P < .05), and positively correlated with serum albumin concentration (r = 0.69, P < .001). Serum CRP concentration (median, 7.4 μg/L; range, 1-44.9 μg/L) was positively correlated with overall histopathologic necroinflammatory activity (r = 0.78, P < .001) and fibrosis score (rho = 0.49, P < .05). Plasma vWF concentration (median, 73.3%; range, 15-141%) was positively correlated with fibrosis score (r = 0.53, P < .05) and prothrombin time (rho = 0.67, P < .01), and negatively correlated with serum albumin concentration (r = -0.73, P < .001). CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE In dogs with CH, serum 25(OH)VD concentration was negatively correlated with disease activity, whereas serum CRP concentration and plasma vWF concentration were positively correlated with histopathologic grade and stage. Our results provide preliminary evidence that these biomarkers may be useful to assess grade and stage of CH in dogs in the absence of liver biopsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko M. Ambrosini
- Washington State UniversityPullmanWashingtonUSA
- Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts UniversityGraftonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Cesar Piedra‐Mora
- Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts UniversityGraftonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Sam Jennings
- Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts UniversityGraftonMassachusettsUSA
- Zoetis Reference LaboratoriesSan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
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Foreman M, Vettorato E, Caine A, Monti P, Cherubini GB, Eminaga S. Serum C-reactive protein in dogs with paraplegia secondary to acute intervertebral disc extrusion. J Vet Intern Med 2021; 35:1857-1864. [PMID: 34085305 PMCID: PMC8295702 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Apart from the absence of nociception, there is no readily available prognostic test for dogs presenting with paraplegia secondary to acute intervertebral disc extrusion (IVDE). OBJECTIVE To assess if serum C-reactive protein (CRP) can predict the postoperative outcome in paraplegic dogs undergoing surgery for IVDE and to assess the association between serum CRP and presence/absence of nociception on admission, and serum CRP and presence/absence of intramedullary changes seen on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). ANIMALS One hundred dogs that underwent surgery at our hospital between 2018 and 2020 because of acute paraplegia secondary to IVDE and in which serum CRP was measured. METHODS Retrospective observational cohort study. Dogs were classified as 4 or 5 according to the modified Frankel score (MFS) depending on presence/absence of nociception, respectively. MRI images were reviewed and the T2-weighted hyperintensity: L2 vertebral body length was measured. Postoperative outcome was defined as positive if nociception, ambulation or both returned after decompressive surgery. RESULTS The median (95% CI) serum CRP was 4 (4-5) and 6 (4-7) mg/L in MSF4 and MSF5, respectively (P = .03). A weak linear relationship (R2 = 0.049, P = .03) was found between CRP and the T2-weighted hyperintensity: L2 vertebral length. Outcome data was available for 85 dogs: CRP was 4 (4-5) and 5 (4-10) mg/L in positive and negative outcome dogs, respectively (P = .32). CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Serum CRP did not predict outcome after surgery in dogs with paraplegia secondary to IVDE.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Abby Caine
- Dick White Referrals, Cambs, United Kingdom
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10
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Chibuk J, Flory A, Kruglyak KM, Leibman N, Nahama A, Dharajiya N, van den Boom D, Jensen TJ, Friedman JS, Shen MR, Clemente-Vicario F, Chorny I, Tynan JA, Lytle KM, Holtvoigt LE, Murtaza M, Diaz LA, Tsui DWY, Grosu DS. Horizons in Veterinary Precision Oncology: Fundamentals of Cancer Genomics and Applications of Liquid Biopsy for the Detection, Characterization, and Management of Cancer in Dogs. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:664718. [PMID: 33834049 PMCID: PMC8021921 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.664718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the leading cause of death in dogs, in part because many cases are identified at an advanced stage when clinical signs have developed, and prognosis is poor. Increased understanding of cancer as a disease of the genome has led to the introduction of liquid biopsy testing, allowing for detection of genomic alterations in cell-free DNA fragments in blood to facilitate earlier detection, characterization, and management of cancer through non-invasive means. Recent discoveries in the areas of genomics and oncology have provided a deeper understanding of the molecular origins and evolution of cancer, and of the "one health" similarities between humans and dogs that underlie the field of comparative oncology. These discoveries, combined with technological advances in DNA profiling, are shifting the paradigm for cancer diagnosis toward earlier detection with the goal of improving outcomes. Liquid biopsy testing has already revolutionized the way cancer is managed in human medicine - and it is poised to make a similar impact in veterinary medicine. Multiple clinical use cases for liquid biopsy are emerging, including screening, aid in diagnosis, targeted treatment selection, treatment response monitoring, minimal residual disease detection, and recurrence monitoring. This review article highlights key scientific advances in genomics and their relevance for veterinary oncology, with the goal of providing a foundational introduction to this important topic for veterinarians. As these technologies migrate from human medicine into veterinary medicine, improved awareness and understanding will facilitate their rapid adoption, for the benefit of veterinary patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Nicole Leibman
- The Cancer Institute, Animal Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | - M. Richard Shen
- RS Technology Ventures LLC., Rancho Santa Fe, CA, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Muhammed Murtaza
- Department of Surgery and Center for Human Genomics and Precision Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Luis A. Diaz
- Division of Solid Tumor Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
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11
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Jaffey JA, Matheson J, Shumway K, Pacholec C, Ullal T, Van den Bossche L, Fieten H, Ringold R, Lee KJ, DeClue AE. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations in dogs with gallbladder mucocele. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0244102. [PMID: 33326487 PMCID: PMC7743984 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0244102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Gallbladder mucocele (GBM) is a common biliary disorder in dogs. Gallbladder hypokinesia has been proposed to contribute to its formation and progression. The specific cause of gallbladder stasis in dogs with GBM as well as viable treatment options to resolve dysmotility remains unknown. Vitamin D deficiency is one of the many potential causes of gallbladder hypokinesia in humans and repletion results in complete resolution of stasis. Improving our understanding of the relationship between serum vitamin D and GBM could help identify dogs as a model for humans with gallbladder hypokinesia. Furthermore, this relationship could provide insight into the pathogenesis of GBM and support the need for future studies to investigate vitamin D as a novel treatment target. Therefore, goals of this study were i) to determine if serum 25-hydroxyvitamin(OH)D concentrations were decreased in dogs with GBM, ii) if serum 25(OH)D concentrations were different in clinical versus dogs subclinical for GBM, and iii) to determine if serum 25(OH)D concentrations could predict the ultrasonographic type of GBM. Sixty-two dogs (clinical, n = 26; subclinical, n = 36) with GBM and 20 healthy control dogs were included in this prospective observational study. Serum 25(OH)D concentrations were measured with a competitive chemiluminescence immunoassay. Overall, dogs with GBM had lower serum 25(OH)D concentrations than control dogs (P = 0.004). Subsequent subgroup analysis indicated that this difference was only significant in the subclinical group compared to the control dogs (P = 0.008), and serum 25(OH)D concentrations did not significantly differ between dogs clinical for GBM versus subclinical or control dogs, indicating that inflammatory state in clinical dogs was not the major constituent of the observed findings. Decreasing serum 25(OH)D concentrations, but not clinical status, was associated with a more advanced developmental stage of GBM type determined by ultrasonography. Our results indicate that vitamin D has a role in dogs with GBM. Additional studies are needed to assess if reduced vitamin D in dogs with GBM is a cause or effect of their biliary disease and to investigate if vitamin D supplementation could be beneficial for dogs with GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared A. Jaffey
- Department of Specialty Medicine, Midwestern University College of Veterinary Medicine, Glendale, Arizona, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Jodi Matheson
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary Health Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Kate Shumway
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary Health Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Christina Pacholec
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary Health Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Tarini Ullal
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Lindsay Van den Bossche
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hille Fieten
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Randy Ringold
- VDI Laboratory, LLC, Simi Valley, California, United States of America
| | - Keun Jung Lee
- Department of Pathology and Population Medicine, Midwestern University College of Veterinary Medicine, Glendale, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Amy E. DeClue
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary Health Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
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12
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Zafalon RVA, Risolia LW, Pedrinelli V, Vendramini THA, Rodrigues RBA, Amaral AR, Kogika MM, Brunetto MA. Vitamin D metabolism in dogs and cats and its relation to diseases not associated with bone metabolism. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2019; 104:322-342. [PMID: 31803981 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Due to the presence of receptors in the cells of numerous body tissues, vitamin D is associated with several physiological functions that go beyond calcium and phosphorus homoeostasis and control of bone metabolism in the body. In humans, several studies have associated lower vitamin D concentrations with numerous diseases, such as cancer, heart disease, autoimmune diseases and infectious diseases, and also with an increase in the total mortality rate of the population. Recently, this nutrient started to gain importance in veterinary medicine, and several articles have shown a correlation between low vitamin D status and diseases unrelated to bone metabolism. The present review aims to highlight the recent publications that investigated this relationship, bringing the evidence that exists so far in dogs and cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael V A Zafalon
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Larissa W Risolia
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vivian Pedrinelli
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thiago H A Vendramini
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Roberta B A Rodrigues
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andressa R Amaral
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcia M Kogika
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcio A Brunetto
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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13
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Mick PJ, Peng SA, Loftus JP. Serum Vitamin D Metabolites and CXCL10 Concentrations Associate With Survival in Dogs With Immune Mediated Disease. Front Vet Sci 2019; 6:247. [PMID: 31417914 PMCID: PMC6682597 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2019.00247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Low vitamin D increases the risk of immune-mediated disease (IMD) in human beings and rodent models. Vitamin D metabolites, particularly 1,25(OH)2D3, modulate gene expression of immune cells and may attenuate immune pathways that drive IMD. Hypothesis/objectives: Our primary hypothesis was that serum 25(OH)D3 and 1,25(OH)2D3, are reduced in patients with IMD and associate with poorer outcomes. We secondarily hypothesized serum 24,25(OH)2D3 would not be associated with disease or outcome. We also measured serum CXCL10 concentrations to determine if an increase occurs in dogs with IMD and in association with poorer survival. Animals: We enrolled dogs diagnosed with IMD (n = 29) and healthy control dogs (n = 9) in the study with informed client consent. Methods: Serum was collected and stored at −80°C until analyses. Serum vitamin D metabolites were measured by LC-MS/MS by an accredited laboratory. A commercially available canine-specific ELISA kit measured serum CXCL10. Results: Serum 25(OH)D3 and 1,25(OH)2D3 were significantly reduced in dogs (n = 25) with IMD. Serum CXCL10 concentrations undetectable in all controls, and were 30 times higher overall in IMD dogs (n = 25; P = 0.004). CXL10 was, however, undetectable in 40% of dogs with IMD. Of the 60% of IMD dogs with increased CXCL10 concentrations, 5/25 had concentrations at the upper limit of quantification. The survival of those five dogs was significantly (P = 0.049) shorter (72 days) than all other dogs with IMD with measured CXCL10 concentrations. The median survival time (MST) for dogs with 25(OH)D3 concentrations ≤ the median was 106 days, while dogs with concentrations of 25(OH)D3 > the median did not achieve an MST. Conclusions and clinical importance: Serum 25(OH)D3 and 1,25(OH)2D3, but not 24,25(OH)2D3 levels are reduced dogs with IMD. Vitamin D metabolites and CXCL10 may be useful prognostic markers and may be targets for adjunct therapy in canine IMD. These data support the future investigation of vitamin D analogs in the treatment of canine IMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip J Mick
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Seth A Peng
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - John P Loftus
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
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14
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Heilmann RM, Steiner JM. Clinical utility of currently available biomarkers in inflammatory enteropathies of dogs. J Vet Intern Med 2018; 32:1495-1508. [PMID: 30222209 PMCID: PMC6189362 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammatory enteropathies (CIE) in dogs are a group of disorders that are characterized by chronic persistent or recurrent signs of gastrointestinal disease and histologic evidence of mucosal inflammation. These CIEs are classified as either food-responsive, antibiotic-responsive, or immunosuppressant-responsive enteropathy. Patients not clinically responding to immunomodulatory treatment are grouped as nonresponsive enteropathy and dogs with intestinal protein loss as protein-losing enteropathy. Disease-independent clinical scoring systems were established in dogs for assessment of clinical disease severity and patient monitoring during treatment. Histopathologic and routine clinicopathologic findings are usually not able to distinguish the subgroups of CIE. Treatment trials are often lengthy and further diagnostic tests are usually at least minimally invasive. Biomarkers that can aid in defining the presence of disease, site of origin, severity of the disease process, response to treatment, or a combination of these would be clinically useful in dogs with CIE. This article summarizes the following biomarkers that have been evaluated in dogs with CIE during the last decade, and critically evaluates their potential clinical utility in dogs with CIE: functional biomarkers (cobalamin, methylmalonic acid, folate, α1 -proteinase inhibitor, immunoglobulin A), biochemical biomarkers (C-reactive protein, perinuclear anti-neutrophilic cytoplasmic antibodies, 3-bromotyrosine, N-methylhistamine, calprotectin, S100A12, soluble receptor of advanced glycation end products, cytokines and chemokines, alkaline phosphatase), microbiomic biomarkers (microbiome changes, dysbiosis index), metabolomic biomarkers (serum metabolome), genetic biomarkers (genomic markers, gene expression changes), and cellular biomarkers (regulatory T cells). In addition, important performance criteria of diagnostic tests are briefly reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romy M. Heilmann
- Small Animal ClinicCollege of Veterinary Medicine, University of LeipzigLeipzigSaxonyGermany
| | - Jörg M. Steiner
- Gastrointestinal LaboratoryCollege of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX
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