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Idowu PA, Mpofu TJ, Zishiri OT, Adelabu OA, Nephawe KA, Mtileni B. Molecular detection and genetic characterization of Mycoplasma gallisepticum and Mycoplasma synoviae in selected chicken breeds in South Africa. BMC Infect Dis 2024; 24:562. [PMID: 38840040 PMCID: PMC11151489 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-024-09437-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The impact of chickens on maintaining the economy and livelihood of rural communities cannot be overemphasized. In recent years, mycoplasmosis has become one of the diseases that affect the success of South African chicken production. Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) and Mycoplasma synoviae (MS) are the most prevalent strains of Mycoplasma in South Africa. MG and MS are significant respiratory pathogens affecting the productivity of chickens. The present study aimed to molecularly detect using qPCR and characterize the presence of MG and MS using phylogenetic analysis. The phylogenetic analysis was utilized to clarify general evolutionary relationships between related taxa of different MG and MS observed in tracheal swabs from South African chicken breeds. METHODS Forty-five tracheal swabs of the Lohmann Brown (n = 9), Rhode Island Red (n = 9), Ovambo (n = 9), Venda (n = 9), and Potchefstroom Koekoek (n = 9) breeds were collected from symptomatic chickens present in the commercial farm. To detect MG and MS, DNA was extracted from tracheal swabs and faecal samples, and qPCR was performed with a 16 s rRNA (310 bp) and vlhA (400 bp) gene fragment. Following the sequencing of all the amplicons, MG, and MS dendrograms showing the evolutionary relationships among the five South African chicken breeds and the GeneBank reference population were constructed. RESULTS The qPCR revealed the presence of MG and MS in 22% (2/9) of the tracheal swab samples tested for MS only in Rhode Island Red breeds; 66.6% (6/9) and 33% (3/9) of the tested samples in Ovambo breeds; and 11.1% (1/9) and 44.4% (4/9) of the tested samples in Venda breeds. No MG or MS were detected in the Lohmann Brown or Potchefstroom Koekoek breed. Furthermore, qPCR revealed the presence of MG in pooled faecal samples from Lohmann Brown and Ovambo breeds. Eight different bacterial isolates were recognized from both samples. Four isolates were of the 16 s ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) gene (named PT/MG51/ck/00, PT/MG48/ck/00, PT/MG41/ck/00 and PT/MG71/ck/00) gene of Mycoplasma gallisepticum, and the other was Mycoplasma Synoviae variable lipoprotein hemagglutinin A (vlhA) gene (named PT/MSA22/ck/01, PT/MS41/ck/01, PT/MS74/ck/01 and PT/MS46/ck/01) which were available in GenBank. These isolates were successfully sequenced with 95-100% similarity to the isolates from the gene bank. CONCLUSION The study revealed the presence of both MG and MS in the chicken breeds sampled. Furthermore, the different breeds of chicken were found to be susceptible to infection under the intensive or commercial management system. Therefore, continuous surveillance is encouraged to prevent the spread and outbreak of MG and MS in the poultry industry in South Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Ayodeji Idowu
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa.
| | - Takalani J Mpofu
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa
| | - Oliver T Zishiri
- Discipline of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Olusesan A Adelabu
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical Microbiology Department, University of the Free State, PO Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa
| | - Khathutshelo A Nephawe
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa
| | - Bohani Mtileni
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa.
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Fasogbon IV, Ondari EN, Deusdedit T, Rangasamy L, Krishnan S, Aja PM. Point-of-care potentials of lateral flow-based field screening for Mycoplasma bovis infections: a literature review. Biol Methods Protoc 2024; 9:bpae034. [PMID: 38835856 PMCID: PMC11147795 DOI: 10.1093/biomethods/bpae034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Point-of-care (POC) field screening for tools for Mycoplasma bovis (M. bovis) is still lacking due to the requirement for a simple, robust field-applicable test that does not entail specialized laboratory equipment. In accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines, this review identifies the methodologies that were retrieved based on our search strategy that have been reported for the diagnosis of m. bovis infection between 2014 and diagnostics. A search criterion was generated to curate 103 articles, which were reduced in number (to 46), following the screening guidelines of PRISMA. The 43 articles included in the study present 25 different assay methods. The assay methods were grouped as microbiological culture, serological assay, PCR-based assay, LAMP-based assay, NGS-based assay, or lateral flow assay. We, however, focus our discussion on the three lateral flow-based assays relative to others, highlighting the advantages they present above the other techniques and their potential applicability as a POC diagnostic test for M. bovis infections. We therefore call for further research on developing a lateral flow-based screening tool that could revolutionize the diagnosis of M. bovis infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilemobayo V Fasogbon
- Department of Biochemistry, Kampala International University-Western Campus, Bushenyi 41201, Uganda
- Centre for Biomaterials, Cellular and Molecular Theranostics (CBCMT), Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, India
| | - Erick N Ondari
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Pure & Applied Sciences, Kisii University, Kisii 40200, Kenya
| | - Tusubira Deusdedit
- Department of Biochemistry, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara 40301, Uganda
| | - Loganathan Rangasamy
- Centre for Biomaterials, Cellular and Molecular Theranostics (CBCMT), Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, India
| | - Sasirekha Krishnan
- Centre for Biomaterials, Cellular and Molecular Theranostics (CBCMT), Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, India
| | - Patrick M Aja
- Department of Biochemistry, Kampala International University-Western Campus, Bushenyi 41201, Uganda
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Ninković M, Milićević V, Radojičić S, Bugarski D, Stević N. Presence of Mycoplasma bovis in Bulk Tank Milk and Associated Risk Factor Analysis in Serbian Dairy Farms. Pathogens 2024; 13:302. [PMID: 38668257 PMCID: PMC11054648 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13040302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma bovis (M. bovis) is a significant pathogen responsible for highly transmissible mastitis in cattle globally. It primarily spreads through colostrum, milk, and semen. Cows with persistent infections act as carriers, intermittently releasing the pathogen, making their milk a pivotal factor in infection transmission. Given the limited seroprevalence surveys in Serbia, this study aimed to detect M. bovis presence in bulk tank milk (BTM), determine route shedding, and evaluate infection risks. BTM samples were collected from 115 dairy farms across Serbia, with M. bovis DNA detected in 11 out of the 115 samples by real-time PCR. Additionally, M. bovis was detected in 1.30% of nasal swabs sampled from apparently healthy animals. A univariate analysis of the risk factors associated with M. bovis presence in the BTM samples revealed correlations with factors such as the breed, farm seropositivity, pre-milking and post-milking disinfection practices, farm type, cow population, milk yield, number of cows in the BTM samples, and parity. Seropositive farms exhibited the highest likelihood of M. bovis presence in milk. Moreover, pre- and post-milking disinfection practices and highly productive cows yielding over 8000 L of milk were identified as risk factors for PCR-positive BTM. In a multivariable mixed regression analysis, a risk factor for the presence of M. bovis infection in the BTM sample was the Holstein breed. These findings underscore a relatively high prevalence of M. bovis in BTM within Serbian dairy farms, suggesting a potential risk for M. bovis spreading through milk and oral route of calves' infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan Ninković
- Scientific Institute of Veterinary Medicine of Serbia, Janisa Janulisa 14, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Vesna Milićević
- Scientific Institute of Veterinary Medicine of Serbia, Janisa Janulisa 14, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Sonja Radojičić
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Oslobodenja 18, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (S.R.); (N.S.)
| | - Dejan Bugarski
- Scientific Veterinary Institute Novi Sad, Rumenački put 20, 21113 Novi Sad, Serbia;
| | - Nataša Stević
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Oslobodenja 18, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (S.R.); (N.S.)
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Ceylan O, Ma Z, Ceylan C, Culha MH, Galon EM, Ji S, Li H, Zafar I, Mohanta UK, Xuan X, Sevinc F. Wide bovine tick-borne pathogen spectrum: Predominancy of Theileria annulata and the first molecular detection of Ehrlichia minasensis in Turkey. Vet Res Commun 2024; 48:1037-1059. [PMID: 38072901 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-023-10266-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Vector-borne diseases indulge in severe economic losses in the livestock industry by adversely affecting cattle breeding in tropical and subtropical zone countries, including Turkey, encompassing a wide land area representing diverse climatic conditions. This study aimed to investigate significant bovine tick-borne piroplasm, rickettsia, and some other bacterial agents by genus- or species-specific PCR and nested PCR techniques in Turkey. A total of 210 cattle blood samples were collected from sixteen provinces in different geographical regions of Turkey. PCR analyses were performed targeting the detection of Babesia/Theileria/Hepatozoon sp. 18S rRNA, Babesia/Theileria sp. 18S rRNA (V4), B. bigemina RAP-1a, B. bovis SBP-4, B. ovata AMA-1, B. naoaki AMA-1, T. annulata Tams-1, T. orientalis MPSP, T. mutans 18S rRNA, Anaplasma/Ehrlichia sp. 16S rRNA, A. marginale MSP4, A. bovis 16S rRNA, A. phagocytophilum 16S rRNA, A. capra 16S rRNA, E. ruminantium pSC20, Mycoplasma sp. 16S rRNA, and Coxiella burnetii 16S rRNA genes. Overall, 133 (63.3%) cattle were found to be infected with at least one of the following protozoan or bacterial pathogens; B. bovis, B. bigemina, B. occultans, T. annulata, T. orientalis, A. marginale, A. phagocytophilum, and Mycoplasma sp. The total prevalence of pathogens was determined as follows; 0.5% B. bovis, 0.5% B. bigemina, 1.4% B. occultans, 41.0% T. annulata, 1.4% T. orientalis, 10.5% A. marginale, 13.8% A. phagocytophilum, 0.5% A. bovis, 2.9% Uncultured Anaplasma sp., 0.5% E. minasensis, 0.5% Uncultured Ehrlichia sp., and 23.3% Mycoplasma sp. Moreover, large part of the total infection (n:133) was composed of single infections (63.9%); however, double (24.8%), triple (7.5%), quadruple (2.3%), and quintuple (1.5%) co-infections were also encountered. In addition to some bovine pathogens such as B. occultans, T. orientalis, A. bovis, M. wenyonii, and Candidatus Mycoplasma haemobos, which were rarely reported in Turkey, sequencing and phylogenetic analysis revealed the first detection of Uncultured Ehrlichia sp. (0.5%), and E. minasensis (0.5%) with 100% nucleotide sequence identities. The study also indicates that the spectrum of pathogens harbored by Turkish cattle is quite wide, and these pathogens cause multiple co-infections with various combinations, and T. annulata stands out as the primary bovine pathogen among them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onur Ceylan
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Parasitology, Selcuk University, Konya, 42130, Turkey.
| | - Zhuowei Ma
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido, 080-8555, Japan
| | - Ceylan Ceylan
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Parasitology, Siirt University, Siirt, 56000, Turkey
| | - Muhammed Hudai Culha
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Genetics, Selcuk University, Konya, 42130, Turkey
| | - Eloiza May Galon
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido, 080-8555, Japan
| | - Shengwei Ji
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido, 080-8555, Japan
| | - Hang Li
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido, 080-8555, Japan
| | - Iqra Zafar
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido, 080-8555, Japan
| | - Uday Kumar Mohanta
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido, 080-8555, Japan
- Faculty of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Department of Microbiology & Parasitology, Sher-E-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Xuenan Xuan
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido, 080-8555, Japan.
| | - Ferda Sevinc
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Parasitology, Selcuk University, Konya, 42130, Turkey
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Gelgie AE, Desai SE, Gelalcha BD, Kerro Dego O. Mycoplasma bovis mastitis in dairy cattle. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1322267. [PMID: 38515536 PMCID: PMC10956102 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1322267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma bovis has recently been identified increasingly in dairy cows causing huge economic losses to the dairy industry. M. bovis is a causative agent for mastitis, pneumonia, endometritis, endocarditis, arthritis, otitis media, and many other clinical symptoms in cattle. However, some infected cows are asymptomatic or may not shed the pathogen for weeks to years. This characteristic of M. bovis, along with the lack of adequate testing and identification methods in many parts of the world until recently, has allowed the M. bovis to be largely undetected despite its increased prevalence in dairy farms. Due to growing levels of antimicrobial resistance among wild-type M. bovis isolates and lack of cell walls in mycoplasmas that enable them to be intrinsically resistant to beta-lactam antibiotics that are widely used in dairy farms, there is no effective treatment for M. bovis mastitis. Similarly, there is no commercially available effective vaccine for M. bovis mastitis. The major constraint to developing effective intervention tools is limited knowledge of the virulence factors and mechanisms of the pathogenesis of M. bovis mastitis. There is lack of quick and reliable diagnostic methods with high specificity and sensitivity for M. bovis. This review is a summary of the current state of knowledge of the virulence factors, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and control of M. bovis mastitis in dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aga E. Gelgie
- Department of Animal Science, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Sarah E. Desai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Benti D. Gelalcha
- Department of Animal Science, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Oudessa Kerro Dego
- Department of Animal Science, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
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Bokma J, Kaske M, Vermijlen J, Stuyvaert S, Pardon B. Diagnostic performance of Mycoplasmopsis bovis antibody ELISA tests on bulk tank milk from dairy herds. BMC Vet Res 2024; 20:81. [PMID: 38443962 PMCID: PMC10916218 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-03927-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Testing of bulk tank milk (BTM) for Mycoplasmopsis bovis (previously Mycoplasma bovis) antibodies is increasingly popular. However the performance of some commercially available tests is unknown, and cutoff values possibly need to be adjusted in light of the purpose. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the diagnostic performance of three commercially available M. bovis antibody ELISAs on BTM, and to explore optimal cutoff values for screening purposes. A prospective diagnostic test accuracy study was performed on 156 BTM samples from Belgian and Swiss dairy farms using Bayesian Latent Class Analysis. Samples were initially classified using manufacturer cutoff values, followed by generated values. RESULTS Following the manufacturer's guidelines, sensitivity of 91.4%, 25.6%, 69.2%, and specificity of 67.2%, 96.8%, 85.8% were observed for ID-screen, Bio K432, and Bio K302, respectively. Optimization of cutoffs resulted in a sensitivity of 89.0%, 82.0%, and 85.5%, and a specificity of 83.4%, 75.1%, 77.2%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The ID-screen showed the highest diagnostic performance after optimization of cutoff values, and could be useful for screening. Both Bio-X tests may be of value for diagnostic or confirmation purposes due to their high specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jade Bokma
- Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction, and Population Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - Martin Kaske
- Swiss Bovine Health Service, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Sabrina Stuyvaert
- Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction, and Population Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Bart Pardon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction, and Population Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
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Lotfollahzadeh S, Salehi TZ, Esmatabadi MZ, Ramezankhani M, Tamai IA, Shokri A, Abdollahi M. Microbiological study of the auditory canal in dairy calves with otitis media. Microb Pathog 2024; 188:106547. [PMID: 38296119 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Otitis media (OM) in calves, is caused by different bacteria. OM treatment requires identification of etiological agents and antibiotic sensitivity testing. The gold standard method of bacteriological study of OM is tympanocentesis, but using this technique in farm condition would be difficult. As a hypothesis, it is possible that bacteriologic examining the auditory canal can help to accelerate the bacteriological investigation of OM. This study was conducted with the aim of comparing the microbiota of the auditory canal in healthy calves and calves with OM. The present research which was a case-control study, mainly compared control group (18 swab samples from healthy and non-infected ear) with two case groups (20 swab samples from the non-affected ear and 32 swab samples from the affected ear in unilateral OM, 11 swab samples from both affected ears in bilateral OM). The results of bacteriological investigations showed three categories of bacteria including: pathogens (Staphylococcus chromogenes, Corynebacterium pilosum, Corynebacterium ovis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pasteurella multocida, Proteus vulgaris, Trueperella pyogenes, Klebsiella, Escherichia coli, Mycoplasma bovis), opportunists (Staphylococcus intermedius, Bacillus licheniformis) and commensals (Staphylococcus epidermidis, Corynebacterium bovis, Corynebacterium renale, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus). Based on the antibiotic sensitivity test of the isolates, enrofloxacin, florfenicol, and gentamicin were the chosen antibiotics for treatment. All affected animals were treated based on bacteriological results and antibiotic sensitivity tests. All treated animals were fully cured. Based on the results, it seems that in calves with OM, examining the microbiota of the auditory canal can be further studied as an alternative to tympanocentesis in farm conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samad Lotfollahzadeh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Taghi Zahraei Salehi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Zare Esmatabadi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ramezankhani
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Iraj Ashrafi Tamai
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arman Shokri
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Abdollahi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran
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Lee H, Kim M, Masaki T, Ikuta K, Iwamoto E, Nishihara K, Nonaka I, Ashihara A, Baek Y, Lee S, Uemoto Y, Haga S, Terada F, Roh S. Assessing the impact of three feeding stages on rumen bacterial community and physiological characteristics of Japanese Black cattle. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4923. [PMID: 38418904 PMCID: PMC10902337 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55539-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
In Japan, Japanese Black cattle, known for their exceptional meat quality owing to their abundant intramuscular fat, undergo a unique three-stage feeding system with varying concentrate ratios. There is limited research on physiological and rumen microbial changes in Japanese Black cattle during these stages. Therefore, this study aimed to examine Japanese Black steers in these three stages: early (T1, 12-14 months), middle (T2, 15-22 months), and late (T3, 23-30 months). The rumen bacteria of 21 cattle per phase was analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Rumen bacterial diversity was significantly higher in T1, with a distinct distribution, than in T2 and T3. Specific phyla and genera were exclusive to each stage, reflecting the shifts in feed composition. Certain genera dominated each stage: T1 had Flexilinea, Streptococcus, Butyrivibrio, Selenomonas, and Kandleria; T2 had Bifidobacterium, Shuttleworthia, and Sharpea; and T3 had Acetitomaculum, Mycoplasma, Atopobium, and Howardella. Correlation analysis revealed significant associations between certain microbial populations and physiological parameters. These findings indicate that changes in energy content and feed composition are associated with physiological and ruminal alterations. This study may guide strategies to improve rumen health and productivity in Japanese Black cattle by modifying diets to specific fattening stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huseong Lee
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8572, Japan
| | - Minji Kim
- National Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Ikenodai, Tsukuba, 305-0901, Japan
| | - Tatsunori Masaki
- Hyogo Prefectural Technology Center of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Kasai, Hyogo, 679-0198, Japan
| | - Kentaro Ikuta
- Hyogo Prefectural Technology Center of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Kasai, Hyogo, 679-0198, Japan
| | - Eiji Iwamoto
- Hyogo Prefectural Technology Center of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Kasai, Hyogo, 679-0198, Japan
| | - Koki Nishihara
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8572, Japan
| | - Itoko Nonaka
- National Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Ikenodai, Tsukuba, 305-0901, Japan
| | - Akane Ashihara
- National Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Ikenodai, Tsukuba, 305-0901, Japan
| | - Youlchang Baek
- Animal Nutrition and Physiology Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Wanju, 55365, South Korea
| | - Sungdae Lee
- Animal Nutrition and Physiology Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Wanju, 55365, South Korea
| | - Yoshinobu Uemoto
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8572, Japan
| | - Satoshi Haga
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8572, Japan
| | - Fuminori Terada
- National Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Ikenodai, Tsukuba, 305-0901, Japan
| | - Sanggun Roh
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8572, Japan.
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Werid GM, Miller D, Hemmatzadeh F, Messele YE, Petrovski K. An overview of the detection of bovine respiratory disease complex pathogens using immunohistochemistry: emerging trends and opportunities. J Vet Diagn Invest 2024; 36:12-23. [PMID: 37982437 PMCID: PMC10734592 DOI: 10.1177/10406387231210489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC) is caused by a variety of pathogens, as well as contributing environmental and host-related risk factors. BRDC is the costliest disease for feedlot cattle globally. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is a valuable tool for enhancing our understanding of BRDC given its specificity, sensitivity, cost-effectiveness, and capacity to provide information on antigen localization and immune response. Emerging trends in IHC include the use of multiplex IHC for the detection of coinfections, the use of digital imaging and automation, improved detection systems using enhanced fluorescent dyes, and the integration of IHC with spatial transcriptomics. Overall, identifying biomarkers for early detection, utilizing high-throughput IHC for large-scale studies, developing standardized protocols and reagents, and integrating IHC with other technologies are some of the opportunities to enhance the accuracy and applicability of IHC. We summarize here the various techniques and protocols used in IHC and highlight their current and potential role in BRDC research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gebremeskel Mamu Werid
- Davies Livestock Research Centre, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, SA, Australia
| | - Darren Miller
- Davies Livestock Research Centre, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, SA, Australia
| | - Farhid Hemmatzadeh
- Australian Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance Ecology, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, SA, Australia
| | - Yohannes E. Messele
- Davies Livestock Research Centre, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, SA, Australia
| | - Kiro Petrovski
- Australian Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance Ecology, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, SA, Australia
- Davies Livestock Research Centre, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, SA, Australia
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Okella H, Tonooka K, Okello E. A Systematic Review of the Recent Techniques Commonly Used in the Diagnosis of Mycoplasma bovis in Dairy Cattle. Pathogens 2023; 12:1178. [PMID: 37764986 PMCID: PMC10535753 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12091178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Early detection of Mycoplasmal mastitis is greatly hampered by late seroconversion, slow growth of Mycoplasma organisms, intermittent shedding, and the high cost of diagnostic tests. To improve future diagnostic development, examining the available techniques is necessary. Accordingly, the present study systematically reviewed M. bovis diagnostic studies published between January 2000 and April 2023 utilizing the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) protocol. The protocol registration was performed according to the Open Science Framework (osf.io/ug79h), and the electronic search was conducted in the World Catalog, Mendeley, ProQuest, ScienceDirect, Semantic Scholar, PubMed, Google Scholar, Prime Scholar, and PubMed Central databases using a Boolean operator and inclusion and exclusion criteria. Of the 1194 pieces of literature retrieved, 67 studies were included. Four broad categories of up to 16 diagnostic approaches were reported: microbial culture, serological, DNA-based, and mass spectrometry. Overall, DNA-based techniques were the most published (48.0%), with recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) and loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) as the most promising user-friendly, equipment-free techniques. On the other hand, mass spectrometry was reported as the least utilized (2.9%) given the high equipment cost. Though costly and laboratory-allied, DNA-based techniques, particularly PCRs, were reported as the most rapid and specific approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hedmon Okella
- Veterinary Medicine Teaching and Research Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Tulare, CA 93274, USA
| | - Karen Tonooka
- Veterinary Medicine Teaching and Research Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Tulare, CA 93274, USA
| | - Emmanuel Okello
- Veterinary Medicine Teaching and Research Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Tulare, CA 93274, USA
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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11
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Howe S, Kegley B, Powell J, Chen S, Zhao J. Effect of bovine respiratory disease on the respiratory microbiome: a meta-analysis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1223090. [PMID: 37743862 PMCID: PMC10516580 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1223090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is the most devastating disease affecting beef and dairy cattle producers in North America. An emerging area of interest is the respiratory microbiome's relationship with BRD. However, results regarding the effect of BRD on respiratory microbiome diversity are conflicting. Results To examine the effect of BRD on the alpha diversity of the respiratory microbiome, a meta-analysis analyzing the relationship between the standardized mean difference (SMD) of three alpha diversity metrics (Shannon's Diversity Index (Shannon), Chao1, and Observed features (OTUs, ASVs, species, and reads) and BRD was conducted. Our multi-level model found no difference in Chao1 and Observed features SMDs between calves with BRD and controls. The Shannon SMD was significantly greater in controls compared to that in calves with BRD. Furthermore, we re-analyzed 16S amplicon sequencing data from four previously published datasets to investigate BRD's effect on individual taxa abundances. Additionally, based on Bray Curtis and Jaccard distances, health status, sampling location, and dataset were all significant sources of variation. Using a consensus approach based on RandomForest, DESeq2, and ANCOM-BC2, we identified three differentially abundant amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) within the nasal cavity, ASV5_Mycoplasma, ASV19_Corynebacterium, and ASV37_Ruminococcaceae. However, no ASVs were differentially abundant in the other sampling locations. Moreover, based on SECOM analysis, ASV37_Ruminococcaceae had a negative relationship with ASV1_Mycoplasma_hyorhinis, ASV5_Mycoplasma, and ASV4_Mannheimia. ASV19_Corynebacterium had negative relationships with ASV1_Mycoplasma_hyorhinis, ASV4_Mannheimia, ASV54_Mycoplasma, ASV7_Mycoplasma, and ASV8_Pasteurella. Conclusions Our results confirm a relationship between bovine respiratory disease and respiratory microbiome diversity and composition, which provide additional insight into microbial community dynamics during BRD development. Furthermore, as sampling location and sample processing (dataset) can also affect results, consideration should be taken when comparing results across studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Howe
- Department of Animal Science, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Beth Kegley
- Department of Animal Science, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Jeremy Powell
- Department of Animal Science, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Shicheng Chen
- Medical Laboratory Sciences Program, College of Health and Human Sciences, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, United States
| | - Jiangchao Zhao
- Department of Animal Science, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
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12
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Semmate N, Elkharat Z, Bamouh Z, Touzani CD, Fellahi S, Fihri OF, Elharrak M. Pathogenicity and molecular characterization of Mycoplasma bovis isolate from calves in Morocco. Braz J Microbiol 2023; 54:2477-2484. [PMID: 37452236 PMCID: PMC10484885 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-023-01061-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Bovine respiratory disease caused by Mycoplasma bovis (M. bovis) represents a major health problem for cattle worldwide that causes considerable financial losses. This study reports for the first time the molecular and pathogenic characterization of a strain of M. bovis isolated from a dead local calf with respiratory symptoms in Morocco. M. bovis was isolated from lung tissue, purified by cloning, and subtyped using MLST analysis. Experimental infection was conducted in naïve calves to evaluate pathogenicity. The isolate was identified as a new subtype ST-204 that shares similarities with the 2019-2021 Spanish strains (ST-169, ST-170, ST-171) and the 2018 Algeria isolate (ST-4). Experimental infection resulted in fever and respiratory symptoms with serous nasal discharge. At postmortem, lung lesions of congestion and hepatization were observed with lymph node enlargement and foci of necrosis. The study confirms the high pathogenicity of the isolate and the important role of M. bovis in bovine respiratory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noha Semmate
- Department of Pathology and Veterinary Public Health, Agronomic and Veterinary Institute Hassan II, Rabat-Instituts, BP: 6202, Rabat, Morocco.
- Department of Research and Development, Multi-Chemical Industry Santé Animale, Box 278, 28810, Mohammedia, Morocco.
| | - Zouhair Elkharat
- Department of Pathology and Veterinary Public Health, Agronomic and Veterinary Institute Hassan II, Rabat-Instituts, BP: 6202, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Zahra Bamouh
- Department of Pathology and Veterinary Public Health, Agronomic and Veterinary Institute Hassan II, Rabat-Instituts, BP: 6202, Rabat, Morocco
- Department of Research and Development, Multi-Chemical Industry Santé Animale, Box 278, 28810, Mohammedia, Morocco
| | - Charifa Drissi Touzani
- Department of Research and Development, Multi-Chemical Industry Santé Animale, Box 278, 28810, Mohammedia, Morocco
| | - Siham Fellahi
- Department of Research and Development, Multi-Chemical Industry Santé Animale, Box 278, 28810, Mohammedia, Morocco
| | - Ouafaa Fassi Fihri
- Department of Research and Development, Multi-Chemical Industry Santé Animale, Box 278, 28810, Mohammedia, Morocco
| | - Mehdi Elharrak
- Department of Pathology and Veterinary Public Health, Agronomic and Veterinary Institute Hassan II, Rabat-Instituts, BP: 6202, Rabat, Morocco
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13
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Veldhuis A, Aalberts M, Penterman P, Wever P, van Schaik G. Bayesian diagnostic test evaluation and true prevalence estimation of mycoplasma bovis in dairy herds. Prev Vet Med 2023; 216:105946. [PMID: 37235906 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2023.105946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The true prevalence of dairy cattle herds with M. bovis infections in the Netherlands is unknown. Previous attempts to estimate prevalences were hampered by the absence of a diagnostic serological test that was validated under field conditions. This study estimated sensitivity and specificity of two commercial serum ELISAs and the true M. bovis herd prevalence using different Bayesian latent class models. A total of 7305 serum samples from 415 randomly chosen dairy herds were collected in fall/winter 2019 and investigated for presence of antibodies against M. bovis using the BIO-K-260 ELISA from Bio-X. Serum samples from 100 of these herds were also tested with a second ELISA, from IDvet. A Bayesian latent class model using the paired test results estimated a sensitivity of 14.1% (95% Bayesian probability interval (BPI): 11.6-16.7%) for the Bio-X ELISA and a specificity of 97.2% (95% BPI: 95.9-98.4%). Sensitivity and specificity for the IDvet ELISA were estimated at 92.5% (95% BPI: 88.3-96.5%) and 99.3% (95% BPI: 98.7-99.8%), respectively. Also, Bio-X ELISA sensitivity was considerably higher with data from calves only and with data from a selection of herds with a clinical outbreak, whereas the IDvet ELISA sensitivity was fairly constant under these conditions. These differences in test sensitivity is expected to be related to an effect of time since infection. A second Bayesian model, applied on test results of all 415 herds, estimated a true herd prevalence of 69.9% (95% BPI: 62.7-77.6%), suggesting M. bovis in endemic amongst dairy cattle herds in the Netherlands. To what extent seropositive herds have experienced a clinical outbreak needs further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Paul Wever
- Royal GD, PO Box 9, 7400 AA Deventer, the Netherlands
| | - Gerdien van Schaik
- Royal GD, PO Box 9, 7400 AA Deventer, the Netherlands; Department of Population Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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14
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Yang J, Feng P, Ling Z, Khan A, Wang X, Chen Y, Ali G, Fang Y, Salama ES, Wang X, Liu P, Li X. Nickel exposure induces gut microbiome disorder and serum uric acid elevation. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 324:121349. [PMID: 36870597 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Serum uric acid elevation has been found in long-term nickel (Ni) exposure occupational workers, but the mechanism is unclear. In this study, the relationship between Ni exposure and uric acid elevation was explored in a cohort of 109 participants composed of a Ni-exposed workers group and a control group. The results showed that Ni concentration (5.70 ± 3.21 μg/L) and uric acid level (355.95 ± 67.87 μmol/L) in the serum were increased in the exposure group with a significant positive correlation (r = 0.413, p < 0.0001). The composition of gut microbiota and metabolome revealed that the abundance of uric acid-lowering bacteria, such as Lactobacillus, Lachnospiraceae_Unclassfied and Blautia were reduced while pathogenic bacteria including Parabacteriadies and Escherichia-Shigella were enriched in Ni group, accompanied by impaired intestinal degradation of purines and upregulated biosynthesis of primary bile acids. Consistent with human results, the mice experiments showed that Ni treatment significantly promotes uric acid elevation and systemic inflammation. Lactobacillus and Blautia in gut microbiota were reduced and inflammation-related taxa Alistipes and Mycoplasma were enriched in the Ni treatment. In addition, LC-MS/MS metabolomic analysis indicated that purine nucleosides were accumulated in mice feces, which increased purine absorption and uric acid elevation in the serum. In summary, this study provides evidence that UA elevation was correlated with heavy metals exposure and highlighted the role of gut microbiota in intestinal purine catabolism and in the pathogenesis of heavy metal-induced hyperuricemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Yang
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environment Pollution, School of Life Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, PR China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, PR China
| | - Pengya Feng
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environment Pollution, School of Life Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, PR China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, PR China; Department of Children Rehabilitation Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, PR China
| | - Zhenmin Ling
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environment Pollution, School of Life Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, PR China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, PR China
| | - Aman Khan
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environment Pollution, School of Life Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, PR China
| | - Xing Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, PR China
| | - Yanli Chen
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environment Pollution, School of Life Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, PR China
| | - Gohar Ali
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environment Pollution, School of Life Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, PR China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, PR China
| | - Yitian Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - El-Sayed Salama
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, PR China
| | - Ximei Wang
- Jinchang Jujia Dairy Co., Ltd, Jinchang, Gansu Province, PR China
| | - Pu Liu
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environment Pollution, School of Life Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, PR China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, PR China
| | - Xiangkai Li
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environment Pollution, School of Life Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, PR China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, PR China.
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15
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Carrillo-Ávila JA, Aguilar-Quesada R, Ligero G, Panadero-Fajardo S, Santos-Pírez MV, Catalina P. Identification of cell culture contamination by an unusual species of Mycoplasma related to the M. mycoides cluster. Cytotechnology 2023; 75:135-141. [PMID: 36969572 PMCID: PMC10030751 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-022-00567-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma contamination is a significant problem in cell culture replication and maintenance. From more than 200 known species, a limited number of Mycoplasma species have been detected in cell cultures, representing new species or variants that can escape detection systems. A qPCR commercial kit was used for Mycoplasma detection in cell cultures. Furthermore, an amplified Mycoplasma species was sequenced and summited for sequence assembly, clustering, and evolutionary analysis study. Our work has identified a new and unusual variant or species of Mycoplasma that possesses a high degree of homology with species related with M. mycoides cluster. This variant is usually associated with cattle but has been detected contaminating a cell culture. Mycoplasma testing (even for unusual species) in cell cultures is essential to ensure the validity and reproducibility of research that uses cell cultures and to ensure the quality of cell line deposits in biobanks. For this reason, it is necessary to perform continuous checks for the absence of Mycoplasma in cell cultures and engage in the continuous adaptation of relevant detection systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - R Aguilar-Quesada
- Andalusian Public Health System Biobank, Coordinating Node, Av. del Conocimiento, S/N, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - G Ligero
- Andalusian Public Health System Biobank, Coordinating Node, Av. del Conocimiento, S/N, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - S Panadero-Fajardo
- Andalusian Public Health System Biobank, Coordinating Node, Av. del Conocimiento, S/N, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - M V Santos-Pírez
- Andalusian Public Health System Biobank, Coordinating Node, Av. del Conocimiento, S/N, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - P Catalina
- Andalusian Public Health System Biobank, Coordinating Node, Av. del Conocimiento, S/N, 18016 Granada, Spain
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16
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Jaramillo D, Foxwell J, Burrows L, Snell A. Mycoplasma bovis testing for the screening of semen imported into New Zealand. N Z Vet J 2023:1-9. [PMID: 36866578 DOI: 10.1080/00480169.2023.2186506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To evaluate the fitness of three PCR assays for the detection of Mycoplasma bovis in dilute (extended) bovine semen, and a reverse transcriptase-PCR (RT-PCR) adaptation as a proxy for viability. MATERIALS AND METHODS Four commercial kit-based methods for nucleic acid extraction were compared to test for the presence of PCR inhibitors in nucleic acid extracted from undiluted and diluted semen. Then, analytical sensitivity, analytical specificity, and diagnostic specificity of two real-time PCR and one conventional PCR were evaluated for the detection of M. bovis DNA in semen and compared against microbial culture. Furthermore, an RT-PCR was adapted to detect RNA only and tested on viable and non-viable M. bovis to establish its ability to discriminate between the two. RESULTS No significant PCR inhibition was detected from the dilute semen. All DNA extraction methods except one were equivalent, regardless of semen dilution. The analytical sensitivity of the real-time PCR assays was estimated as 45.6 cfu per 200 µL semen straw (2.2 × 102 cfu/mL). The conventional PCR was 10 times less sensitive. No cross-reactivity was observed for the real-time PCR for any of the bacteria tested and the diagnostic specificity was estimated as 100 (95% CI = 94.04-100) %. The RT-PCR was poor in distinguishing between viable and non-viable M. bovis. The mean quantification cycle (Cq) values for RNA extracted from different treatments to kill M. bovis remained unchanged 0-48 hours after inactivation. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE The real-time PCR were fit for the purpose of screening dilute semen for the detection of M. bovis to prevent incursion via importation of infected semen. The real-time PCR assays can be used interchangeably. The RT-PCR could not reliably indicate the viability of M. bovis. Based on the results from this study, a protocol and guidelines have been produced for laboratories elsewhere that wish to test bovine semen for M. bovis.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Jaramillo
- Animal Health Laboratory, Ministry for Primary Industries, Upper Hutt, New Zealand
| | - J Foxwell
- Animal Health Laboratory, Ministry for Primary Industries, Upper Hutt, New Zealand
| | - L Burrows
- Animal Health Laboratory, Ministry for Primary Industries, Upper Hutt, New Zealand
| | - A Snell
- Biosecurity New Zealand, Ministry for Primary Industries, Wellington, New Zealand
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17
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Polo C, García-Seco T, Díez-Guerrier A, Briones V, Domínguez L, Pérez-Sancho M. What about the bull? A systematic review about the role of males in bovine infectious infertility within cattle herds. Vet Anim Sci 2023; 19:100284. [PMID: 36647444 PMCID: PMC9840180 DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2023.100284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous pathogens affect cow fertility. Nevertheless, little information has been published about microorganisms associated with cattle infertility focusing on bulls. The present review offers a current analysis and highlights potential key aspects on the relevance of bulls in the emergence of infertility problems of infectious origin within herds that are still not completely determined. The present systematic review was conducted using the PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases on December 9, 2022. In total, 2,224 bibliographic records were reviewed and, according to strict inclusion criteria, 38 articles were selected from 1966 to 2022, from which we ranked more than 27 different microorganisms (fungi were not identified). The most cited pathogens were BoHV (described by 26.3% of the papers), Campylobacter fetus (23.7%), Tritrichomonas foetus (18.4%), and BVDV, Ureaplasma spp., and Mycoplasma spp. (10.5% each). Despite the general trend towards an increasing number of publications about bull-infertility problems, a number of pathogens potentially transmitted through both natural breeding and seminal doses given to females and associated with infertility within herds were not ranked in the study (e.g., Chlamydia spp.). This work highlights i) the need to clearly establish the role of certain microorganisms not traditionally associated with reproductive problems in bull infertility (e.g., Staphylococcus spp. or BoHV-4) and ii) the need to perform additional studies on breeding bulls to clarify their role in infertility problems within herds. This would allow monitoring for pathogens that have gone unnoticed and those that are fastidious to diagnose and/or potentially transmitted to females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coral Polo
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Center, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain,MAEVA SERVET S.L., Calle de la Fragua 3, 28749 Alameda del Valle, Madrid, Spain
| | - Teresa García-Seco
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Center, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Díez-Guerrier
- MAEVA SERVET S.L., Calle de la Fragua 3, 28749 Alameda del Valle, Madrid, Spain,Department of Animal Health, Veterinary Faculty, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Av. Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Víctor Briones
- Department of Animal Health, Veterinary Faculty, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Av. Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucas Domínguez
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Center, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain,Department of Animal Health, Veterinary Faculty, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Av. Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Pérez-Sancho
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Center, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain,Department of Animal Health, Veterinary Faculty, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Av. Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain,Corresponding author at: VISAVET Health Surveillance Center, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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18
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Kurban D, Roy JP, Kabera F, Fréchette A, Um MM, Albaaj A, Rowe S, Godden S, Adkins PRF, Middleton JR, Gauthier ML, Keefe GP, DeVries TJ, Kelton DF, Moroni P, Veiga dos Santos M, Barkema HW, Dufour S. Diagnosing Intramammary Infection: Meta-Analysis and Mapping Review on Frequency and Udder Health Relevance of Microorganism Species Isolated from Bovine Milk Samples. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12233288. [PMID: 36496808 PMCID: PMC9738497 DOI: 10.3390/ani12233288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry provides accurate species-level identification of many, microorganisms retrieved from bovine milk samples. However, not all those microorganisms are pathogenic. Our study aimed to: (1) determine the species-specific prevalence of microorganisms identified in bovine milk of apparently healthy lactating quarters vs. quarters with clinical mastitis (CM); and (2) map current information and knowledge gaps on udder health relevance of microorganisms retrieved from bovine milk samples. A mixed study design (meta-analysis and mapping review) was chosen. We gathered several large Canadian, US and Brazilian data sets of MALDI-TOF results for organisms cultured from quarter milk samples. For meta-analysis, two datasets (apparently healthy quarters vs. CM samples) were organized. A series of meta-analyses was conducted to determine microorganisms' prevalence. Then, each species reported was searched through PubMed to investigate whether inflammation (increased somatic cell count (SCC) or signs of CM) was associated with microorganism's recovery from milk. A total of 294 different species of microorganisms recovered from milk samples were identified. Among 50,429 quarter-milk samples from apparently healthy quarters, the 5 most frequent species were Staphylococcus chromogenes (6.7%, 95% CI 4.5-9.2%), Aerococcus viridans (1.6%, 95% CI 0.4-3.5%), Staphylococcus aureus (1.5%, 95% CI 0.5-2.8%), Staphylococcus haemolyticus (0.9%, 95% CI 0.4-1.5%), and Staphylococcus epidermidis (0.7%, 95% CI 0.2-1.6%). Among the 43,924 quarter-milk CM samples, the 5 most frequent species were Escherichia coli (11%, 95% CI 8.1-14.3%), Streptococcus uberis (8.5%, 95% CI 5.3-12.2%), Streptococcus dysgalactiae (7.8%, 95% CI 4.9-11.5%), Staphylococcus aureus (7.8%, 95% CI 4.4-11.9%), and Klebsiella pneumoniae (5.6%, 95% CI 3.4-8.2%). When conducting the PubMed literature search, there were 206 species identified by MALDI-TOF for which we were not able to find any information regarding their association with CM or SCC. Some of them, however, were frequently isolated in our multi-country dataset from the milk of quarters with CM (e.g., Citrobacter koseri, Enterococcus saccharolyticus, Streptococcus gallolyticus). Our study provides guidance to veterinarians for interpretation of milk bacteriology results obtained using MALDI-TOF and identifies knowledge gaps for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daryna Kurban
- Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
- Mastitis Network, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
- Research Group Op+Lait, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
- Correspondence: (D.K.); (S.D.)
| | - Jean-Philippe Roy
- Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
- Mastitis Network, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
- Research Group Op+Lait, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - Fidèle Kabera
- Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
- Mastitis Network, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
- Research Group Op+Lait, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - Annie Fréchette
- Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
- Mastitis Network, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
- Research Group Op+Lait, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - Maryse Michèle Um
- Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
- Mastitis Network, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
- Research Group Op+Lait, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - Ahmad Albaaj
- Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
- Mastitis Network, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
- Research Group Op+Lait, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - Sam Rowe
- Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Camden, NSW 2570, Australia
| | - Sandra Godden
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Pamela R. F. Adkins
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - John R. Middleton
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Marie-Lou Gauthier
- Laboratoire de Santé Animale, Ministère de l’Agriculture, des Pêcheries et de l’Alimentation du Québec (MAPAQ), Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - Greg P. Keefe
- Mastitis Network, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
- Department of Health Management, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada
| | - Trevor J. DeVries
- Mastitis Network, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - David F. Kelton
- Mastitis Network, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
- Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Paolo Moroni
- Animal Health Diagnostic Center, Quality Milk Production Services (QMPS), Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Dipartimento Medicina Veterinaria e Scienze Animali, Universita’ Degli Studi di Milano, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| | - Marcos Veiga dos Santos
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, School of veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga 13630-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Herman W. Barkema
- Mastitis Network, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Simon Dufour
- Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
- Mastitis Network, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
- Research Group Op+Lait, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
- Correspondence: (D.K.); (S.D.)
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Valeris-Chacin R, Powledge S, McAtee T, Morley PS, Richeson J. Mycoplasma bovis is associated with Mannheimia haemolytica during acute bovine respiratory disease in feedlot cattle. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:946792. [PMID: 35979489 PMCID: PMC9376970 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.946792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine Respiratory Disease (BRD) represents a significant burden to the health of feedlot cattle and the profitability of the beef industry in the US. Mannheimia haemolytica is widely regarded as the primary bacterial pathogen driving acute BRD. While Mycoplasma bovis is most commonly implicated in chronic cases of BRD, this agent's potential role in acute stages of BRD is unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate potential associations between M. bovis and M. haemolytica during acute BRD in feedlot cattle. Nasal swabs (n = 1,044) were collected over time from feedlot cattle (n = 270) enrolled in an experiment assessing the effect of vaccination for Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus (BRSV). Swabs were analyzed for detection of M. bovis, M. haemolytica, Pasteurella multocida, Histophilus somni, and BRSV via multiplex qPCR assays. Data were analyzed using inverse conditional probability weighted (ICPW) logistic regression models to investigate potential effects of M. bovis presence on arrival (d0), day seven (d7) and day 14 (d14) post-arrival on M. haemolytica prevalence on day 28 (d28) post-arrival, adjusting for the previous history of P. multocida, H. somni, BRSV, BRD morbidity, and body weight. The potential association between time-to-BRD detection and M. bovis presence on d0, d7, and d14 post-arrival, was inferred via an ICPW time-to-event model. The presence of M. bovis in nasal swabs collected on d7 post-arrival was significantly associated with an increase in the prevalence of M. haemolytica on d28 (prevalence difference: 45%; 95% Confidence Interval: 31%, 60%; P-value < 0.001). Significant time-varying coefficients for M. bovis presence were detected at d0, d7, and d14 post-arrival in the ICPW time-to-event model (P-value < 0.001). The shortest median time-to-BRD detection was 29 days in cattle that were M. bovis positive on d0, d7, and d14 post-arrival and in those that were positive on d0 and d14 post-arrival. Under the conditions of this study, our findings suggest that M. bovis may be influencing the respiratory environment during the acute phase of BRD, increasing the abundance of M. haemolytica, which could have important impacts on the occurrence of BRD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Valeris-Chacin
- Veterinary Education, Research, and Outreach (VERO), Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
- *Correspondence: Robert Valeris-Chacin
| | - Sherri Powledge
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Paul Engler College of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, West Texas A&M University, Canyon, TX, United States
| | - Taylor McAtee
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Paul Engler College of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, West Texas A&M University, Canyon, TX, United States
| | - Paul S. Morley
- Veterinary Education, Research, and Outreach (VERO), Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, Canyon, TX, United States
| | - John Richeson
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Paul Engler College of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, West Texas A&M University, Canyon, TX, United States
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20
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Hurri E, Ohlson A, Lundberg Å, Aspán A, Pedersen K, Tråvén M. Herd-level prevalence of Mycoplasma bovis in Swedish dairy herds determined by antibody ELISA and PCR on bulk tank milk and herd characteristics associated with seropositivity. J Dairy Sci 2022; 105:7764-7772. [PMID: 35879164 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-21390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Mycoplasma bovis is an important pathogen causing pneumonia, mastitis, and arthritis in cattle, leading to reduced animal welfare and economic losses worldwide. In this cross-sectional study, we investigated the prevalence of M. bovis in bulk tank milk (BTM) and herd characteristics associated with a positive antibody test result in Swedish dairy herds. Bulk tank milk samples from all Swedish dairy herds (n = 3,144) were collected and analyzed with ID Screen antibody ELISA and PCR. Information on herd characteristics was collected from the national Dairy Herd Improvement database. To identify herd characteristics associated with the presence of antibodies in BTM, logistic regression was used in 4 different models. The apparent herd-level prevalence of M. bovis infection based on antibodies in BTM was 4.8%, with large regional differences ranging from 0 to 20%. None of the BTM samples was positive by PCR. All the antibody-positive herds were situated in the south of Sweden. The logistic regression model showed that larger herds had higher odds of detectable antibodies in BTM (herd size >120 cows, odds ratio = 8.8). An association was also found between antibodies in BTM and both a higher late calf mortality (2-6 mo) and a higher young stock mortality (6-15 mo). This study showed a clear regional difference in the apparent prevalence of M. bovis infection based on antibodies. The relatively low prevalence of M. bovis in Sweden is a strong motivator for the cattle industry to take steps to prevent further spread of the infection. It is essential that the M. bovis status of free herds be known, and the regional differences shown in this study suggest that testing is highly recommended when live cattle from high-prevalence areas are being introduced into herds. We do not recommend using PCR on BTM to detect infected herds, owing to the low detection frequency in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Hurri
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Animal Health and Antimicrobial Strategies, National Veterinary Institute (SVA), SE-751 89 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - A Ohlson
- Section of Animal Health, Växa Sverige, SE-101 24 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Å Lundberg
- Section of Animal Health, Växa Sverige, SE-101 24 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A Aspán
- Department of Animal Health and Antimicrobial Strategies, National Veterinary Institute (SVA), SE-751 89 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - K Pedersen
- Department of Animal Health and Antimicrobial Strategies, National Veterinary Institute (SVA), SE-751 89 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - M Tråvén
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
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21
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Ammar AM, Abd El-Hamid MI, Mohamed YH, Mohamed HM, Al-khalifah DHM, Hozzein WN, Selim S, El-Neshwy WM, El-Malt RMS. Prevalence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Bovine Mycoplasma Species in Egypt. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11071083. [PMID: 36101462 PMCID: PMC9312167 DOI: 10.3390/biology11071083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Bovine Mycoplasma species, particularly antimicrobial resistant Mycoplasma bovis are important causes of bovine respiratory disease (BRD) in cattle, which causes major economic losses worldwide. Thus, the current study aimed to determine the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance profiles of bovine Mycoplasma spp. isolated from cattle’s respiratory tracts, in addition to evaluating the fluoroquinolone resistance in the recovered isolates using broth microdilution and conventional PCR techniques in Egypt. Our result showed that M. bovis was the most common spp. (61%), followed by M. bovirhinis (15%). In total, mycoplasma isolates were more prevalent among all examined lung tissues (38%), followed by nasal swabs (35%), tracheal tissues (28%), and tracheal swabs (27%). All the examined mycoplasma isolates (n = 76) were 100% susceptible to spectinomycin, tulathromycin, spiramycin, and tylosin, but high doxycycline and enrofloxacin minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) values were observed among 43.4% and 60.5% of the tested isolates, respectively. Three and two mycoplasma isolates with high enrofloxacin MICs were confirmed to be M. bovis and M. bovirhinis, respectively, by PCR assays. All molecularly confirmed mycoplasma isolates (n = 5) were positive for the gyrA gene (100%), meanwhile, three isolates (60%) were positive for the parC gene. In conclusion, understanding antimicrobial resistance mechanisms is a significant tool for the future development of genetic-based diagnostic techniques for the rapid detection of resistant mycoplasma strains. Abstract Among many bovine Mycoplasma species (spp.), Mycoplasma bovis is recognized as a significant causative agent of respiratory diseases in cattle. In recent years, resistant M. bovis isolates, especially to fluoroquinolones, have been reported globally as a result of the extensive usage of antimicrobials in the treatment of bovine pneumonia. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of bovine Mycoplasma spp. isolated from the respiratory tracts of cattle in Egypt and to assess the fluoroquinolones resistance in the recovered mycoplasma isolates via broth microdilution and conventional PCR techniques. Conventional phenotypic methods identified 128 mycoplasma isolates (32%) from 400 different samples, with M. bovis being the predominant spp. (61%), followed by M. bovirhinis (15%). Of note, mycoplasma isolates were rarely isolated from total healthy lung tissues (7/55, 12.7%), but they were frequently isolated from pneumonic lungs (31/45, 68.9%). All the examined mycoplasma isolates (n = 76) were sensitive to tilmicosin, tylosin, tulathromycin, spiramycin, and spectinomycin (100% each), while 60.5% and 43.4% of the examined isolates had high minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values to enrofloxacin and doxycycline, respectively. Three and two mycoplasma isolates with high enrofloxacin MICs were confirmed to be M. bovis and M. bovirhinis, respectively, by PCR assays. All molecularly confirmed mycoplasma isolates (n = 5) were positive for the gyrA gene (100%); meanwhile, three isolates (60%) were positive for the parC gene. In conclusion, our findings revealed alarming resistance to enrofloxacin and doxycycline antibiotics; thus, antimicrobial usage must be restricted and molecular techniques can help in the rapid detection of the resistant strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M. Ammar
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt; (A.M.A.); (M.I.A.E.-H.); (H.M.M.)
| | - Marwa I. Abd El-Hamid
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt; (A.M.A.); (M.I.A.E.-H.); (H.M.M.)
| | - Yousreya H. Mohamed
- Department of Mycoplasma Research, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza 12622, Egypt;
| | - Heba M. Mohamed
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt; (A.M.A.); (M.I.A.E.-H.); (H.M.M.)
| | - Dalal H. M. Al-khalifah
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Wael N. Hozzein
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt;
| | - Samy Selim
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Wafaa M. El-Neshwy
- Department of Animal Medicine, Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt;
| | - Rania M. S. El-Malt
- Department of Bacteriology, Zagazig Branch, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Zagazig 44516, Egypt
- Correspondence:
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22
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Distribution of Tick-Borne Pathogens in Domestic Animals and Their Ticks in the Countries of the Mediterranean Basin between 2000 and 2021: A Systematic Review. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10061236. [PMID: 35744755 PMCID: PMC9228937 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10061236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Tick-borne pathogens (TBPs) include a wide range of bacteria, parasites and viruses that cause a large spectrum of animal, human and zoonotic tick-borne diseases (TBDs). The object of this review was to establish an inventory and an analysis of TBPs found in domestic animals in the countries of the Mediterranean Basin. This geographic area occupies a central position between several continents and is an area of movement for animals, humans and pathogens of interest and their vectors, which is important in terms of animal and human health. In this systematic review, we included a total of 271 publications produced between 2000–2021 concerning TBPs in domestic animals. Among this literature, we found a total of 90 pathogen species (known as TBPs) reported in the 20 countries of the area; these were detected in tick species from domestic animals and were also directly detected in domestic animals. In all, 31 tick species were recorded and 12 domestic animal species, the latter comprising nine livestock and three pet species. More than 50% of the publications were from Western Europe. Island data were extracted and assessed, as islands of the Mediterranean Basin were represented in 16% of the publications and 77.8% of the TBPs reported. Our results show the importance of islands in the monitoring of TBPs, despite the low percentage of publications.
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23
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Farzaneh M, Derakhshandeh A, Al-Farha AABA, Petrovski K, Hemmatzadeh F. A novel phage-displayed MilA ELISA for detection of antibodies against Myc. bovis in bovine milk. J Appl Microbiol 2022; 133:1496-1505. [PMID: 35686656 PMCID: PMC9545076 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this study was to assess a phage-displayed MilA protein of Myc. bovis in an indirect ELISA for the detection of Myc. bovis antibodies in milk samples. METHODS AND RESULTS The desired sequence of milA gene was synthesized and cloned into pCANTAB-F12 phagemid vector. The expression of the MilA on the phage surface was confirmed by Western blotting. The recombinant phage was used in the development of an indirect ELISA to detect Myc. bovis antibodies in milk samples. There was a significant agreement between the results of phage-based ELISA and recombinant GST-MilA ELISA for the detection of Myc. bovis antibodies in milk samples. CONCLUSIONS The inexpensive and convenient phage-based ELISA can be used instead of recombinant protein/peptide ELISA as an initial screening of Myc. bovis-associated mastitis. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF STUDY Mastitis associated with Myc. bovis is a continuous and serious problem in the dairy industry. Sero-monitoring of Myc. bovis infection cases are one of the key factors for surveillance of the infections in dairy farms. Despite the existence of some commercially serological assays for Myc. bovis antibodies, they have some limitations regarding their sensitivity and availability. The development of accurate diagnosis tools could contribute to control programmes of Myc. bovis-associated mastitis in the dairy herds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Farzaneh
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Abdollah Derakhshandeh
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Abd Al-Bar Ahmed Al-Farha
- Department of Animal Production, Technical Agricultural College, Northern Technical University, Mosul, Iraq
| | - Kiro Petrovski
- Australian Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance Ecology, The University of Adelaide, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, South Australia, Australia.,Davies Research Centre, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Farhid Hemmatzadeh
- Davies Research Centre, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.,School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
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24
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Lai J, Lin H, Hsu P, Gondaira S, Higuchi H, Nagahata H. A novel polymerase chain reaction assay for the detection of seven Mycoplasma species of cattle origin. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 38:128. [PMID: 35670874 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-022-03312-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The study aimed to develop a pair of polymerase chain reaction primers for detecting ruminant mycoplasma pathogens. We designed a set of primers based on the most similar sequences within 16 S rRNA regions of seven Mycoplasma spp. These primers have high sensitivity for detecting Mycoplasma dispar, M. arginine, M. canadense, M. bovis, M. alkalescens, M. californicum, and M. bovigenitalium within the annealing temperature range of 46 to 48 °C. The minimum amount of DNA that can be detected using the protocol is 250 ng, which is equivalent to 2,000 colony-forming units per mL. The primers can detect mycoplasma from DNA extracted directly from milk samples. The common bovine mastitis pathogens of Staphylococcus aureus coagulase-negative staphylococci, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus uberis, Klebsiella pneumonia, and Kocuria rosea were not detected by the primers. We believe the high sensitivity and specificity of these primers make them useful for detecting infection with seven Mycoplasma species in ruminants, allowing the primers to be used in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyhmirn Lai
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chiayi University, National Chiayi University, 60004, Chiayi, Taiwan.
| | - Hengching Lin
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chiayi University, National Chiayi University, 60004, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Peichuan Hsu
- Department of Early Childhood Educare, Tainan University of Technology, 710302, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Satoshi Gondaira
- Animal Health Unit, Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Higuchi
- Animal Health Unit, Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Japan
| | - Hajime Nagahata
- Animal Health Unit, Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Japan.,Department of Veterinary Associated Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, Ikoinooka 1-3, 794-8555, Imabari, Ehime, Japan
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25
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Qian M, Zhu B, Zhan Y, Wang L, Shen Q, Zhang M, Yue L, Wu D, Chen H, Wang X, Cheng Y. Analysis of Negative Results of Metagenomics Next-Generation Sequencing in Clinical Practice. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:892076. [PMID: 35651750 PMCID: PMC9149223 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.892076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundMetagenomics next-generation sequencing (mNGS) has been increasingly used in the clinic, which provides a powerful tool for the etiological diagnosis of infectious diseases. Precise treatment can be carried out according to the positive mNGS results. However, the role of negative results of mNGS remains poorly defined in clinical practice.MethodsThe results of 1,021 samples from patients who received the mNGS test at Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, between January 2019 and December 2019 were analyzed.ResultsThere were 308 samples (30.17%) of negative results included in the current study. The top 2 types of negative samples were blood (130/308) and tissue (63/308), which also accounted for the highest negative proportion in diseases. Sputum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were more likely to have positive results. In false-negative results (defined as negative in mNGS test but reported positive in other sample types or assays), 118 samples were found when compared to regular microbiological assays. The negative predictive value (NPV) of mNGS was 95.79% [95%CI, 93.8%–97.8%] as compared to culture and smear. Mycobacterium, Aspergillus, and Mycoplasma ranked as the top 3 microorganisms on the undetected pathogen list.ConclusionsThe present data indicate that when the mNGS test is negative, the negative prediction accuracy rate of the original specimen is significant. However, other laboratory assays results and clinical presentations should always be carefully considered prior to drawing a diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjia Qian
- Institute of Clinical Science, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bijun Zhu
- Institute of Clinical Science, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanxia Zhan
- Department of Hematology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingyan Wang
- Institute of Clinical Science, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Shen
- Institute of Clinical Science, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Miaomiao Zhang
- Institute of Clinical Science, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Yue
- Institute of Clinical Science, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Duojiao Wu
- Center for Tumor Diagnosis & Therapy, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital Xuhui Branch, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangdong Wang
- Institute of Clinical Science, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Center for Tumor Diagnosis & Therapy, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Yunfeng Cheng, ; Xiangdong Wang,
| | - Yunfeng Cheng
- Institute of Clinical Science, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Hematology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Center for Tumor Diagnosis & Therapy, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Hematology, Zhongshan Hospital Qingpu Branch, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Yunfeng Cheng, ; Xiangdong Wang,
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26
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Holzhauer M, Penterman PM, van Engelen E, Smits D, Velthuis AGJ. Dynamics of Mycoplasma bovis in Dutch dairy herds during acute clinical outbreaks. Vet J 2022; 283-284:105841. [PMID: 35561957 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2022.105841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Mycoplasma bovis (M. bovis) can cause serious illness in cattle, presenting as arthritis and mastitis in dairy cows and pneumonia, arthritis and otitis media in calves. This study aimed to provide insight into the dynamics of M. bovis within dairy herds, experiencing an acute outbreak in dairy cows. Twenty farms were followed with laboratory testing of suspected dairy cows. Each outbreak farm was sampled five times, at 2 - 3 week intervals, sampling blood and milk and conjunctival fluid from clinically suspected dairy cows and healthy animals from three different age groups: dairy cows, young stock (7 - 24 months) and calves (1 - 6 months). Additionally, bulk tank milk was sampled every visit and environmental samples were taken on the first and last visits. The presence of M. bovis was tested by evaluating antibody titres in blood, bacterial DNA in conjunctival fluid and environmental samples and viable bacteria in milk samples. All data were analysed using logistic regression models, corrected for repeated sampling and within-herd correlation. Sixty percent (12/20) of the herds showed a combination of arthritis and mastitis, while other herds experienced only clinically mastitis (3/20) or arthritis (5/20). From the time an outbreak was confirmed, M. bovis infection was not only present in dairy cows, but also in young stock and calves (80% of the farms). Laboratory tests also confirmed the presence of M. bovis in healthy animals. The M. bovis PCR levels of calves and young stock were highly correlated at all visits (rtotal = 0.81, P < 0.01). Furthermore, M. bovis was present in the environment of the animals. At the end of the 3-month study period, none of the 20 clinical outbreak farms were M. bovis-'negative', based on laboratory testing, although hardly any clinical cases were observed at that time.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Holzhauer
- Department of Ruminant Health, GD Animal Health, PO Box 9, 7400 AA Deventer, the Netherlands
| | - P M Penterman
- Department of Ruminant Health, GD Animal Health, PO Box 9, 7400 AA Deventer, the Netherlands.
| | - E van Engelen
- Department of Research and Development, GD Animal Health, PO Box 9, 7400 AA Deventer, the Netherlands
| | - D Smits
- Department of Ruminant Health, GD Animal Health, PO Box 9, 7400 AA Deventer, the Netherlands
| | - A G J Velthuis
- Chief of the Department Bacteriology, Host-Pathogen Interaction & Diagnostic Development, PO Box 65, 8200AB Lelystad, the Netherlands
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27
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Gelgie AE, Korsa MG, Kerro Dego O. Mycoplasma bovis Mastitis. CURRENT RESEARCH IN MICROBIAL SCIENCES 2022; 3:100123. [PMID: 35909617 PMCID: PMC9325741 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmicr.2022.100123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma bovis mastitis (MBM) is highly contagious and causes significant economic losses through reduction in milk quantity and quality, culling and treatment costs. Adhesion and invasion are among the most important virulence mechanisms to establish infection in the mammary gland. M. bovis can elicit both humoral and cellular immune responses during mammary gland infection. There is no effective commercial vaccine against MBM to date and early detection and isolation/culling remains vital control measure for MBM in dairy farms.
Bovine mycoplasmoses, which is mostly caused by Mycoplasma bovis, is a significant problem in the dairy and beef industry. Mycoplasmal mastitis has a global occurrence with notable effects in the United States and Europe. The pathogen was first detected in a mastitis case in California, United States, and regarded as major contagious mastitis. It is highly contagious and resistant to antibiotics and lack cell wall rendering certain group of antibiotics ineffective. Outbreaks mostly originate from introduction of diseased dairy cows to a farm and poor hygienic practices that help to maintain cow to cow transmission. Rapid detection scheme is needed to be in place in dairy farms to devise preventive measures and stop future outbreaks. However; early detection is hampered by the fastidious growth of M. bovis and the need for specialized equipment and reagents in laboratory settings. Intramammary Mycoplasma bovis infections cause elevation in milk somatic cell count which is one of the important factors to determine milk quality for grading and hence dictates milk price. There are multiple attributes of M. bovis regarded as virulence factors such as adhesion to and invasion into host cells, avoidance of phagocytosis, resistance to killing by the alternative complement system, biofilm formation, and hydrogen peroxide production. Nevertheless, there are still undetermined virulence factors that hamper the development of sustainable control tools such as effective vaccine. To date, most vaccine trials have failed, and there is no commercial M. bovis mastitis vaccine. Mycoplasma bovis has been shown to modulate both humoral and cellular immune response during bovine mastitis. In the future, research seeking new immunogenic and protective vaccine targets are highly recommended to control this important dairy cattle disease worldwide.
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Evaluation of Nanopore Sequencing as a Diagnostic Tool for the Rapid Identification of Mycoplasma bovis from Individual and Pooled Respiratory Tract Samples. J Clin Microbiol 2021; 59:e0111021. [PMID: 34550807 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01110-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid identification of Mycoplasma bovis infections in cattle is a key factor to guide antimicrobial therapy and biosecurity measures. Recently, Nanopore sequencing became an affordable diagnostic tool for both clinically relevant viruses and bacteria, but the diagnostic accuracy for M. bovis identification is undocumented. Therefore, in this study Nanopore sequencing was compared to rapid identification of M. bovis with matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (RIMM) and a triplex real-time PCR assay in a Bayesian latent class model (BLCM) for M. bovis in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALf) samples obtained from calves. In practice, pooling of samples is often used to save money, but the influence on diagnostic accuracy has not been described for M. bovis. Therefore, a convenience sample of 17 pooled samples containing 5 individual BALf samples per farm was analyzed as well. The results for the pooled samples were compared with those for the individual samples to determine sensitivity and specificity. The BLCM showed good sensitivity (77.3% [95% credible interval, 57.8 to 92.8%]) and high specificity (97.4% [91.5 to 99.7%]) for Nanopore sequencing, compared to RIMM (sensitivity, 93.0% [76.8 to 99.5%]; specificity, 91.3% [82.5 to 97.0%]) and real-time PCR (sensitivity, 94.6% [89.7 to 97.7%]; specificity, 86.0% [76.1 to 93.6%]). Sensitivity and specificity of pooled analysis for M. bovis were 85.7% (95% confidence interval, 59.8 to 111.6%) and 90.0% (71.4 to 108.6%%), respectively, for Nanopore sequencing and 100% (100% to 100%) and 88.9% (68.4 to 109.4%) for RIMM. In conclusion, Nanopore sequencing is a rapid, reliable tool for the identification of M. bovis. To reduce costs and increase the chance of M. bovis identification, pooling of 5 samples for Nanopore sequencing and RIMM is possible.
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Maggi R, Breitschwerdt EB, Qurollo B, Miller JC. Development of a Multiplex Droplet Digital PCR Assay for the Detection of Babesia, Bartonella, and Borrelia Species. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10111462. [PMID: 34832618 PMCID: PMC8620149 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10111462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe the development, optimization, and validation of a multiplex droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) assay for the simultaneous detection of Babesia, Bartonella, and Borrelia spp. DNA from several sample matrices, including clinical blood samples from animals and humans, vectors, in-vitro infected human and animal cell lines, and tissues obtained from animal models (infected with Bartonella and/or B. burgdorferi). The multiplex ddPCR assay was able to detect 31 Bartonella, 13 Borrelia, and 24 Babesia species, including Theileria equi, T. cervi, and Cytauxzoon felis. No amplification of Treponema or Leptospira spp. was observed. Sensitivity of 0.2-5 genome equivalent DNA copies per microliter was achieved for different members of the Bartonella and Borrelia genus, depending on the species or matrix type (water or spiked blood DNA) tested. The ddPCR assay facilitated the simultaneous detection of co-infections with two and three vector-borne pathogens comprising four different genera (Babesia, Bartonella, Borrelia, and Theileria) from clinical and other sample sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Maggi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, The Comparative Medicine Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA; (E.B.B.); (B.Q.)
- Galaxy Diagnostics, Inc., 6 Davis Drive, Suite 201, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA;
- Correspondence:
| | - Edward B. Breitschwerdt
- Department of Clinical Sciences, The Comparative Medicine Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA; (E.B.B.); (B.Q.)
- Galaxy Diagnostics, Inc., 6 Davis Drive, Suite 201, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA;
| | - Barbara Qurollo
- Department of Clinical Sciences, The Comparative Medicine Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA; (E.B.B.); (B.Q.)
| | - Jennifer C. Miller
- Galaxy Diagnostics, Inc., 6 Davis Drive, Suite 201, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA;
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Genome-Wide Association Study Reveals Genetic Markers for Antimicrobial Resistance in Mycoplasma bovis. Microbiol Spectr 2021; 9:e0026221. [PMID: 34612702 PMCID: PMC8510175 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00262-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma bovis causes many health and welfare problems in cattle. Due to the absence of clear insights regarding transmission dynamics and the lack of a registered vaccine in Europe, control of an outbreak depends mainly on antimicrobial therapy. Unfortunately, antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) is usually not performed, because it is time-consuming and no standard protocol or clinical breakpoints are available. Fast identification of genetic markers associated with acquired resistance may at least partly resolve former issues. Therefore, the aims of this study were to implement a first genome-wide association study (GWAS) approach to identify genetic markers linked to antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in M. bovis using rapid long-read sequencing and to evaluate different epidemiological cutoff (ECOFF) thresholds. High-quality genomes of 100 M. bovis isolates were generated by Nanopore sequencing, and isolates were categorized as wild-type or non-wild-type isolates based on MIC testing results. Subsequently, a k-mer-based GWAS analysis was performed to link genotypes with phenotypes based on different ECOFF thresholds. This resulted in potential genetic markers for macrolides (gamithromycin and tylosin) (23S rRNA gene and 50S ribosomal unit) and enrofloxacin (GyrA and ParC). Also, for tilmicosin and the tetracyclines, previously described mutations in both 23S rRNA alleles and in one or both 16S rRNA alleles were observed. In addition, two new 16S rRNA mutations were possibly associated with gentamicin resistance. In conclusion, this study shows the potential of quick high-quality Nanopore sequencing and GWAS analysis in the evaluation of phenotypic ECOFF thresholds and the rapid identification of M. bovis strains with acquired resistance. IMPORTANCEMycoplasma bovis is a leading cause of pneumonia but also causes other clinical signs in cattle. Since no effective vaccine is available, current M. bovis outbreak treatment relies primarily on the use of antimicrobials. However, M. bovis is naturally resistant to different antimicrobials, and acquired resistance against macrolides and fluoroquinolones is frequently described. Therefore, AST is important to provide appropriate and rapid antimicrobial treatment in the framework of AMR and to prevent the disease from spreading and/or becoming chronic. Unfortunately, phenotypic AST is time-consuming and, due to the lack of clinical breakpoints, the interpretation of AST in M. bovis is limited to the use of ECOFF values. Therefore, the objective of this study was to identify known and potentially new genetic markers linked to AMR phenotypes of M. bovis isolates, exploiting the power of a GWAS approach. For this, we used high-quality and complete Nanopore-sequenced M. bovis genomes of 100 isolates.
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Genome mosaicism in field strains of Mycoplasma bovis as footprints of in-host horizontal chromosomal transfer. Appl Environ Microbiol 2021; 88:e0166121. [PMID: 34669423 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01661-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Horizontal gene transfer was long thought to be marginal in Mollicutes, but the capacity of some of these wall-less bacteria to exchange large chromosomal regions has been recently documented. Mycoplasma chromosomal transfer (MCT) is an unconventional mechanism that relies on the presence of a functional integrative conjugative element (ICE) in at least one partner and involves the horizontal acquisition of small and large chromosomal fragments from any part of the donor genome, which results in progenies composed of an infinitive variety of mosaic genomes. The present study focuses on Mycoplasma bovis, an important pathogen of cattle responsible for major economic losses worldwide. By combining phylogenetic tree reconstructions and detailed comparative genome analyses of 36 isolates collected in Spain (2016-2018) we confirmed the mosaic nature of 16 field isolates and mapped chromosomal transfers exchanged between their hypothetical ancestors. This study provides evidence that MCT can take place in the field, most likely during co-infections by multiple strains. Because mobile genetic elements (MGEs) are classical contributors of genome plasticity, the presence of phages, insertion sequences (ISs) and ICEs was also investigated. Data revealed that these elements are widespread within the M. bovis species and evidenced classical horizontal transfer of phages and ICEs in addition to MCT. These events contribute to wide-genome diversity and reorganization within this species and may have a tremendous impact on diagnostic and disease control. IMPORTANCE Mycoplasma bovis is a major pathogen of cattle with significant detrimental economic and animal welfare on cattle rearing worldwide. Understanding the evolution and the adaptative potential of pathogenic mycoplasma species in the natural host is essential to combating them. In this study, we documented the occurrence of mycoplasma chromosomal transfer, an atypical mechanism of horizontal gene transfer, in field isolates of M. bovis that provide new insights into the evolution of this pathogenic species in their natural host. Despite these events are expected to occur at low frequency, their impact is accountable for genome-wide variety and reorganization within M. bovis species, which may compromise both diagnostic and disease control.
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Deeney AS, Collins R, Ridley AM. Identification of Mycoplasma species and related organisms from ruminants in England and Wales during 2005-2019. BMC Vet Res 2021; 17:325. [PMID: 34641885 PMCID: PMC8513359 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-021-03037-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mycoplasma species have been associated with economically important diseases affecting ruminants worldwide and include contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP), contagious caprine pleuropneumonia (CCPP) and contagious agalactia, listed by the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE). The Mycoplasma Team at the Animal and Plant Health Agency provides an identification service for Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma species of veterinary importance to the United Kingdom (UK), supporting the detection of new and emerging pathogens, as well as contributing to the surveillance of endemic, and the OIE listed diseases exotic to the UK. Mycoplasma and other Mollicutes species were identified from diagnostic samples from farmed ruminants in England and Wales using a combination of culture and 16S rRNA gene-based PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis, submitted between 2005 and 2019. Results A total of 5578 mollicutes identifications, which include mycoplasmas and the related acholeoplasmas and ureaplasmas, were made from farmed ruminant animals during the study period. Throughout the study period, the pathogen Mycoplasma bovis was consistently the most frequently identified species, accounting for 1411 (32%) of 4447 molecular identifications in cattle, primarily detected in the lungs of pneumonic calves, followed by joints and milk of cattle showing signs of arthritis and mastitis, respectively. M. bovirhinis, M. alkalescens, M. dispar, M. arginini and Ureaplasma diversum, were also common. Mixed species, principally M. bovis with M. alkalescens, M. arginini or M. bovirhinis were also prevalent, particularly from respiratory samples. The non-cultivable blood-borne haemoplasmas Candidatus ‘Mycoplasma haemobos’ and Mycoplasma wenyonii were identified from cattle, with the latter species most often associated with milk-drop. M. ovipneumoniae was the predominant species identified from sheep and goats experiencing respiratory disease, while M. conjunctivae preponderated in ocular samples. The UK remains free of the ruminant mycoplasmas listed by OIE. Conclusions The continued high prevalence of M. bovis identifications confirms its ongoing dominance and importance as a significant pathogen of cattle in England and Wales, particularly in association with respiratory disease. M. ovipneumoniae has seen a general increase in prevalence in recent years, notably in coughing lambs and should therefore be considered as a primary differential diagnosis of respiratory disease in small ruminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alannah S Deeney
- Mycoplasma Team, Department of Bacteriology, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Weybridge, Surrey, UK.
| | - Rachael Collins
- Animal and Plant Health Agency Veterinary Investigation Centre, Starcross, Exeter, UK
| | - Anne M Ridley
- Mycoplasma Team, Department of Bacteriology, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Weybridge, Surrey, UK
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Carli SD, Dias ME, da Silva MERJ, Breyer GM, Siqueira FM. Survey of beef bulls in Brazil to assess their role as source of infectious agents related to cow infertility. J Vet Diagn Invest 2021; 34:54-60. [PMID: 34617862 DOI: 10.1177/10406387211050636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Poor reproductive performance in beef cattle caused by infectious agents results in major financial losses as a result of reduced pregnancy rates and extended calving intervals. Bulls can be subclinical chronic carriers of bacterial and protozoal agents involved in cow infertility, such as Campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis, Ureaplasma diversum, Mycoplasma bovigenitalium, Mycoplasma bovis, and Tritrichomonas foetus. Bulls harbor these microorganisms in their preputial crypts and transmit the agents to cows during natural mating. To obtain an overview of the etiologic agents in the preputial mucus of bulls, we aimed to identify, by PCR assay, C. fetus subsp. venerealis, M. bovis, U. diversum, M. bovigenitalium, and T. foetus in Brazilian bulls from farms with high infertility rates. We collected preputial mucus from 210 bulls on 18 beef cattle farms in Brazil between 2019 and 2020. We found at least one of the infectious agents that we were studying in bulls on 16 of the 18 beef cattle farms tested. We detected at least one infectious agent from 159 of 210 (76%) bulls tested, namely C. fetus subsp. venerealis, M. bovis, U. diversum, M. bovigenitalium, and T. foetus in 87 (55%), 84 (53%), 45 (28%), 28 (18%), and 1 (0.6%) animal, respectively. We found 95 bulls (60%) positive for only 1 etiologic agent (single infection) and 64 bulls (40%) carried multiple agents. Our results demonstrate the occurrence of bacterial and protozoal infectious agents that may be related to infertility in Brazilian beef cattle herds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia D Carli
- Laboratório de Bacteriologia Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Maria E Dias
- Laboratório de Bacteriologia Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Maria E R J da Silva
- Laboratório de Bacteriologia Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Gabriela M Breyer
- Laboratório de Bacteriologia Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Franciele M Siqueira
- Laboratório de Bacteriologia Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Neder VE, Amadio AF, Calvinho LF. Detection by multiplex PCR of Mycoplasma species associated with dairy cattle in Argentina. Rev Argent Microbiol 2021; 54:158-161. [PMID: 34489142 DOI: 10.1016/j.ram.2021.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
There is scarce information about the frequency and epidemiological and clinical features associated with the presence of Mycoplasma spp. in Argentine dairy herds. The objectives of this study were to develop a multiplex PCR for identifying M.bovis and M.canadense and to describe the frequency of Mycoplasma spp. isolated from clinical samples submitted to a diagnostic laboratory. Of a total of 1548 samples from intramammary infections, bulk tank milk and biological fluids, 38 Mycoplasma isolates were obtained. M. bovis, M. canadense, M.californicum and M.leachii were detected by using two multiplex PCRs, confirming their presence in clinical conditions in dairy cattle. The techniques used in the present study can be useful to broaden the knowledge about Mycoplasma infections in cattle, since the search for these organisms is not usually included in routine diagnoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica E Neder
- Instituto de Investigación de la Cadena Láctea (INTA-CONCET), Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Rafaela, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Rafaela, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Ariel F Amadio
- Instituto de Investigación de la Cadena Láctea (INTA-CONCET), Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Rafaela, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Rafaela, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Luis F Calvinho
- Instituto de Investigación de la Cadena Láctea (INTA-CONCET), Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Rafaela, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Rafaela, Santa Fe, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina.
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Briggs RE, Billing SR, Boatwright WD, Chriswell BO, Casas E, Dassanayake RP, Palmer MV, Register KB, Tatum FM. Protection against Mycoplasma bovis infection in calves following intranasal vaccination with modified-live Mannheimia haemolytica expressing Mycoplasma antigens. Microb Pathog 2021; 161:105159. [PMID: 34454023 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.105159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Novel live vaccine strains of Mannheimia haemolytica serotypes (St)1 and St6, expressing and secreting inactive yet immunogenic leukotoxin (leukotoxoid) fused to antigenic domains of Mycoplasma bovis Elongation Factor Tu (EFTu) and Heat shock protein (Hsp) 70 were constructed and tested for efficacy in cattle. Control calves were administered an intranasal mixture of M. haemolytica St1 and St6 mutants (ΔlktCAV4) expressing and secreting leukotoxoid while vaccinated calves were administered an intranasal mixture of like M. haemolytica St1 and St6 leukotoxoid mutants coupled to M. bovis antigens (EFTu-Hsp70-ΔlktCAV4). Both M. haemolytica strains were recovered from palatine tonsils up to 34 days post intranasal exposure. On day 35 all calves were exposed to bovine herpes virus-1, four days later lung challenged with virulent M. bovis, then euthanized up to 20 days post-challenge. Results showed all cattle produced systemic antibody responses against M. haemolytica. The vaccinates also produced systemic antibody responses to M. bovis antigen, and concurrent reductions in temperatures, middle ear infections, joint infection and lung lesions versus the control group. Notably, dramatically decreased lung loads of M. bovis were detected in the vaccinated cattle. These observations indicate that the attenuated M. haemolytica vaccine strains expressing Mycoplasma antigens can control M. bovis infection and disease symptoms in a controlled setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert E Briggs
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Animal Disease Center, Ruminant Diseases and Immunology Research Unit, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Sheila R Billing
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Animal Disease Center, Ruminant Diseases and Immunology Research Unit, Ames, IA, USA
| | - William D Boatwright
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Animal Disease Center, Ruminant Diseases and Immunology Research Unit, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Bradley O Chriswell
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Animal Disease Center, Ruminant Diseases and Immunology Research Unit, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Eduardo Casas
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Animal Disease Center, Ruminant Diseases and Immunology Research Unit, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Rohana P Dassanayake
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Animal Disease Center, Ruminant Diseases and Immunology Research Unit, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Mitchell V Palmer
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Animal Disease Center, Infectious Bacterial Diseases Research Unit, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Karen B Register
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Animal Disease Center, Ruminant Diseases and Immunology Research Unit, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Fred M Tatum
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Animal Disease Center, Ruminant Diseases and Immunology Research Unit, Ames, IA, USA.
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Rapid Detection of Mycoplasma bovis, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus agalactiae in Cattle Bulk Tank Milk in Cyprus and Relations with Somatic Cell Counts. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10070841. [PMID: 34357991 PMCID: PMC8308888 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10070841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
One hundred and seventy-seven (177) bulk tank milk samples were analyzed with a commercially available real-time polymerase chain reaction kit and 11 (6.21%), 41 (23.16%), and 58 (32.77%) tested positive for Mycoplasma bovis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus agalactiae, respectively. Statistical analysis revealed a significant relationship between the presence of S. aureus and S. agalactiae. Enumeration of somatic cells was performed in the same samples by flow cytometry. The somatic cell counts were found higher in S. aureus and S. agalactiae positive samples. No association was found between M. bovis presence and somatic cells counts. Low internal assay control Ct values were found to be related with high somatic cell counts. Noticeably, this is the first report for the presence of M. bovis in Cyprus. Therefore, its presence was confirmed by bulk tank milk culture, conventional PCR, and next generation sequencing. Furthermore, M. bovis was typed with multilocus sequencing typing and was allocated to sequence type 29 (ST 29). Real-time PCR in bulk tank milk samples is a useful tool to detect mammary infections, especially for neglected pathogens such as M. bovis.
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McDaniel AJ, Derscheid RJ. MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry and high-resolution melting PCR for the identification of Mycoplasma bovis isolates. BMC Vet Res 2021; 17:170. [PMID: 33865378 PMCID: PMC8052663 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-021-02870-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mycoplasma bovis is an important pathogen of cattle worldwide. Many different clinical manifestations of infection can occur, including respiratory disease, arthritis, and mastitis, causing heavy losses to beef and dairy industries. Because Mycoplasma species are slow-growing and fastidious, traditional identification methods are not cost- or time-effective, and improved methods are sought to streamline laboratory processes. High-resolution melting PCR (HRM-PCR) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) are 2 relatively recent tools that are rapid and inexpensive to use; we tested 9 isolates of M. bovis using both assays. The HRM-PCR assay used universal mycoplasma primers for the 16S-23S intergenic spacer region (IGSR). RESULTS The resulting melting profiles of the field isolates were indistinguishable from the reference strain, indicating accurate identification. For the MALDI-TOF MS, each M. bovis isolate was accurately identified. Mycoplasma arginini and Mycoplasma alkalescens isolates did not identify as M. bovis when tested by either assay. CONCLUSIONS Our work shows that either assay could be used to identify unknown M. bovis isolates. For future work, the MALDI-TOF MS library should be expanded to include more mycoplasmas, and the HRM-PCR assay should be tested on additional mycoplasmas to ensure that the melting profiles are sufficiently distinctive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aric J McDaniel
- Departments of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventative Medicine (McDaniel) and Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine (Derscheid), College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Rachel J Derscheid
- Departments of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventative Medicine (McDaniel) and Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine (Derscheid), College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA.
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Pires D, Morais A, Cunha N, Machado L, Barbosa L, Mendonça J, Balaro M, Santos J, Souza G, Barreto M, Nascimento E. Proposal of an iELISA for Mycoplasma bovis diagnosis in dairy cattle and associated risk factors. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-4162-12140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Mycoplasma bovis is a highly contagious agent associated with several pathologies in cattle. The detection of reactive antibodies to M. bovis by Indirect Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (iELISA) identifies if there was an exposure to the microorganism. The current study aimed to optimize an iELISA from M. bovis total cell antigen, applying it to bovine serum samples, and to evaluate risk factors. Serum samples were obtained from 400 cows from 17 herds from Southeast Brazil. In the optimization of iELISA, the following was established: 2 μg/mL of antigen, sera dilution 1:300, and conjugate dilution 1:15000. The frequency was 62.3% (249/400) of reactive animals and 100% (17/17) of reactive herds. Risk factors were: herds with more than 100 animals (OR= 3.1; CI= 95%); Holstein breed (OR= 72.5; CI= 95%); cows (OR= 29.7; CI= 95%); intensive breeding system (OR= 3.3; CI= 95%); associated small ruminant production (OR= 4.4; CI= 95%); milk production above 500L (OR= 2.9; CI= 95%); no quarantine (OR= 1.5; CI= 95%); mechanical milking (OR= 5.5; CI= 95%) and cases of mastitis (OR= 5.5; CI= 95%). The proposed iELISA was able to detect antibodies reactive to M. bovis in bovine serum. Knowledge of these risk factors can assist in the implementation of prophylactic measures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - G.N. Souza
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Brazil; Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Brazil
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Li R, Wang J, Sun X, Liu L, Wang J, Yuan W. Direct and Rapid Detection of Mycoplasma bovis in Bovine Milk Samples by Recombinase Polymerase Amplification Assays. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:639083. [PMID: 33718285 PMCID: PMC7946833 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.639083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to detetct Mycoplasma bovis (M. bovis) in bovine milk quickly and directly by developing and validating isothermal recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) assays. Targeting the uvrC gene of M. bovis, an RPA assay based on the fluorescence monitoring (real-time RPA) and an RPA assay combined with a lateral flow strip (LFS RPA) were conducted. It took 20 min for the real-time RPA to finish in a Genie III at 39°C, and 15 min were required to perform the LFS RPA in an incubator block at 39°C, followed by the visualization of the products on the lateral flow strip within 5 min. Both of the two assays showed high specificity for M. bovis without any cross-reaction with the other tested pathogens. With the standard recombinant plasmid pMbovis-uvrC serving as a template, both RPA assays had a limit of detcion of 1.0 × 101 copies per reaction, equivalent to that of a real-time PCR assay. In the 65 milk samples collected from cattle with mastitis, the M. bovis genomic DNA was detected in 24 samples by both the real-time RPA and the LFS RPA assays. The developed RPA assays could detect M. bovis in bovine milk in an efficient, convenient, and credible manner as attractive and promising tools, and the assays would be helpful in the rapid response to M. bovis infection causing bovine mastitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiwen Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Jinfeng Wang
- Food Microbiology and Animal Quarantine Laboratory, Technology Center of Shijiazhuang Customs District, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiaoxia Sun
- Food Microbiology and Animal Quarantine Laboratory, Technology Center of Shijiazhuang Customs District, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Libing Liu
- Food Microbiology and Animal Quarantine Laboratory, Technology Center of Shijiazhuang Customs District, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jianchang Wang
- Food Microbiology and Animal Quarantine Laboratory, Technology Center of Shijiazhuang Customs District, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Wanzhe Yuan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
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Gioia G, Addis MF, Santisteban C, Gross B, Nydam DV, Sipka AS, Virkler PD, Watters RD, Wieland M, Zurakowski MJ, Moroni P. Mycoplasma species isolated from bovine milk collected from US dairy herds between 2016 and 2019. J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:4813-4821. [PMID: 33612245 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-19171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Determining the species of mycoplasma isolated from culture-positive milk samples is important for understanding the clinical significance of their detection. Between August 2016 and December 2019, 214,518 milk samples from 2,757 dairy herds were submitted to Quality Milk Production Services (QMPS) at Cornell University for mycoplasma culture. From these samples, 3,728 collected from 204 herds were culture positive. Based on the request of herd managers, owners, or veterinarians, 889 isolates from 98 herds were subjected to molecular identification by PCR and amplicon sequencing. The largest proportion of the identified isolates were from New York State (78.1%), while the others came from the eastern United States (17.8%), Texas (2.0%), and New Mexico (2.1%). As expected, Mycoplasma spp. were the most common (855 isolates, 96.2%) and Acholeplasma spp. accounted for the remainder (34 isolates, 3.8%). Mycoplasma bovis was the most prevalent Mycoplasma species (75.1%), followed by M. bovigenitalium (6.5%), M. canadense (5.9%), M. alkalescens (5%), M. arginini (1.7%), M. californicum (0.1%), and M. primatum (0.1%). A portion of the isolates were confirmed as Mycoplasma spp. other than M. bovis but were not identified at the species level (16 isolates, 1.8%) because further information was not requested by the manager, owner, or veterinarian. Mycoplasma bovis was the only species identified in 59 of the 98 herds. However, more than 1 Mycoplasma sp. was identified in 29 herds, suggesting that herd infection with 2 or more mycoplasmas is not uncommon. Moreover, a Mycoplasma sp. other than M. bovis was the only species identified in 8 herds. From the subset of 889 mycoplasma culture-positive isolates from 98 herds, we determined that over a third of the herds had either more than 1 Mycoplasma sp. or a Mycoplasma sp. other than M. bovis detected in their milk samples. In conclusion, we observed that M. bovis is the most common pathogenic Mycoplasma species found in mastitic milk, but other Mycoplasma species are not uncommon. Our results suggest that it is critical to test milk samples for mycoplasmas using diagnostic tests able to identify both the genus and the species.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Gioia
- Quality Milk Production Services, Animal Health Diagnostic Center, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - M F Addis
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Via dell'Università, 6, 26900 Lodi, LO, Italy
| | - C Santisteban
- Quality Milk Production Services, Animal Health Diagnostic Center, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - B Gross
- Quality Milk Production Services, Animal Health Diagnostic Center, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - D V Nydam
- Quality Milk Production Services, Animal Health Diagnostic Center, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - A S Sipka
- Quality Milk Production Services, Animal Health Diagnostic Center, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - P D Virkler
- Quality Milk Production Services, Animal Health Diagnostic Center, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - R D Watters
- Quality Milk Production Services, Animal Health Diagnostic Center, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - M Wieland
- Quality Milk Production Services, Animal Health Diagnostic Center, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - M J Zurakowski
- Quality Milk Production Services, Animal Health Diagnostic Center, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - P Moroni
- Quality Milk Production Services, Animal Health Diagnostic Center, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853; Università degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Via dell'Università, 6, 26900 Lodi, LO, Italy.
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Niu J, Wang D, Yan M, Chang Z, Xu Y, Sizhu S, Li Z, Hu S, Bi D. Isolation, identification and biological characteristics of Mycoplasma bovis in yaks. Microb Pathog 2020; 150:104691. [PMID: 33296717 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Mycoplasma bovis (M. bovis) is one of the important pathogens which may cause bovine respiratory disease syndrome (BRDS), and results in huge economic losses for yaks (Bos gaurus) breeding industry. However, there is limited information about M. bovis in yaks. In our study, 145 nasal mucus samples from yaks with pneumonia were collected to clarify. Bacteriological determination was carried out through biochemical identification and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) detection. And ten strains of Mycoplasma bovis (M. bovis) were found from collected samples. Then, the growth curve of isolated strains was determined by the change of optical density (OD630), pH value and Color Change Cnit (CCU). K-B disk method was also used for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Results of colony morphology and biochemical testing were consistent with the biological characters of M. bovis. The nucleotide sequences of uvrC specific gene and 16S rRNA gene among the 10 strains were highly homologous. The growth curve assay showed that the isolates cultured in PPLO medium were in lag phase for 24 h, entered stable period in 42 h, and entered decline phase after 78 h. The isolates were found resistant to macrolides, aminoglycosides and lincomycin at various degrees, but they were sensitive or moderately sensitive to doxycycline and kanamycin under antimicrobial susceptibility analysis. In conclusion, the results provided certain reference for the follow-up research and guiding for the treatment of M. bovis in yaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqiang Niu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China; Tibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandry College, Linzhi, 860000, PR China
| | - Dongjing Wang
- Tibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandry College, Linzhi, 860000, PR China
| | - Mingshuai Yan
- Tibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandry College, Linzhi, 860000, PR China
| | - Zhenyu Chang
- Tibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandry College, Linzhi, 860000, PR China
| | - Yefen Xu
- Tibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandry College, Linzhi, 860000, PR China
| | - Suolang Sizhu
- Tibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandry College, Linzhi, 860000, PR China
| | - Zili Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Sishun Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Dingren Bi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China.
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Hall JA, Isaiah A, Bobe G, Estill CT, Bishop-Stewart JK, Davis TZ, Suchodolski JS, Pirelli GJ. Feeding selenium-biofortified alfalfa hay during the preconditioning period improves growth, carcass weight, and nasal microbial diversity of beef calves. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0242771. [PMID: 33259499 PMCID: PMC7707589 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0242771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that feeding Se-biofortified alfalfa hay to weaned beef calves in a preconditioning program decreases morbidity and mortality during the feedlot period. To understand the mode of action by which supranutritional Se supplementation supports calf health, we examined the effect of agronomic Se-biofortification on nasal microbiome and fecal parasites. Recently weaned Angus-cross beef calves (n = 30) were randomly assigned to two groups and fed an alfalfa hay-based diet for 9 weeks in a preconditioning program. Alfalfa hay was harvested from fields fertilized with sodium selenate at a rate of 0 or 90 g Se/ha. Calculated Se intake from dietary sources was 1.09 and 27.45 mg Se/calf per day for calves consuming alfalfa hay with Se concentrations of 0.06 and 3.47 mg Se/kg dry matter, respectively. Feeding Se-biofortified alfalfa hay for 9 weeks was effective at increasing whole-blood Se concentrations (556 ± 11 vs 140 ± 11 ng/mL; P < 0.001) and increasing body weight (PTreatment, = 0.03) in weaned beef calves. Slaughter yield grades were higher for calves that had been fed Se-enriched alfalfa hay during the preconditioning period (PTreatment = 0.008). No significant differences were observed in fecal parasite load, which remained low. The nasal microbiome and microbiota diversity within calves and across calves expanded from weaning (week 0) to the feedlot period (week 12), which was promoted by feeding Se-biofortified alfalfa hay. Especially concerning was the expansion of nasal Mycoplasmataceae in the feedlot, which reached over 50% of the total microbiota in some calves. In conclusion, we identified dietary Se-biofortified alfalfa hay as a potential promoter of nasal microbiome genome and microbiota diversity, which may explain in part high-Se benefits for prevention of bovine respiratory disease complex in beef calves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean A. Hall
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Anitha Isaiah
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, TX, United States of America
| | - Gerd Bobe
- Department of Animal and Rangeland Sciences, College of Agricultural Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States of America
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States of America
| | - Charles T. Estill
- Department of Animal and Rangeland Sciences, College of Agricultural Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States of America
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States of America
| | - Janell K. Bishop-Stewart
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States of America
| | - T. Zane Davis
- USDA-ARS-Poisonous Plant Research Lab, Logan, UT, United States of America
| | - Jan S. Suchodolski
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, TX, United States of America
| | - Gene J. Pirelli
- Department of Animal and Rangeland Sciences, College of Agricultural Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States of America
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Vereecke N, Bokma J, Haesebrouck F, Nauwynck H, Boyen F, Pardon B, Theuns S. High quality genome assemblies of Mycoplasma bovis using a taxon-specific Bonito basecaller for MinION and Flongle long-read nanopore sequencing. BMC Bioinformatics 2020; 21:517. [PMID: 33176691 PMCID: PMC7661149 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-020-03856-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Implementation of Third-Generation Sequencing approaches for Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS) all-in-one diagnostics in human and veterinary medicine, requires the rapid and accurate generation of consensus genomes. Over the last years, Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) released various new devices (e.g. the Flongle R9.4.1 flow cell) and bioinformatics tools (e.g. the in 2019-released Bonito basecaller), allowing cheap and user-friendly cost-efficient introduction in various NGS workflows. While single read, overall consensus accuracies, and completeness of genome sequences has been improved dramatically, further improvements are required when working with non-frequently sequenced organisms like Mycoplasma bovis. As an important primary respiratory pathogen in cattle, rapid M. bovis diagnostics is crucial to allow timely and targeted disease control and prevention. Current complete diagnostics (including identification, strain typing, and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) detection) require combined culture-based and molecular approaches, of which the first can take 1-2 weeks. At present, cheap and quick long read all-in-one WGS approaches can only be implemented if increased accuracies and genome completeness can be obtained. RESULTS Here, a taxon-specific custom-trained Bonito v.0.1.3 basecalling model (custom-pg45) was implemented in various WGS assembly bioinformatics pipelines. Using MinION sequencing data, we showed improved consensus accuracies up to Q45.2 and Q46.7 for reference-based and Canu de novo assembled M. bovis genomes, respectively. Furthermore, the custom-pg45 model resulted in mean consensus accuracies of Q45.0 and genome completeness of 94.6% for nine M. bovis field strains. Improvements were also observed for the single-use Flongle sequencer (mean Q36.0 accuracies and 80.3% genome completeness). CONCLUSIONS These results implicate that taxon-specific basecalling of MinION and single-use Flongle Nanopore long reads are of great value to be implemented in rapid all-in-one WGS tools as evidenced for Mycoplasma bovis as an example.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick Vereecke
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium.
- PathoSense, Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - Jade Bokma
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Large Animal Internal Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Freddy Haesebrouck
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Hans Nauwynck
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
- PathoSense, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Filip Boyen
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Bart Pardon
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Large Animal Internal Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Sebastiaan Theuns
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
- PathoSense, Merelbeke, Belgium
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Development and application of a colloidal carbon test strip for the detection of antibodies against Mycoplasma bovis. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 36:157. [PMID: 32964289 PMCID: PMC7508640 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-020-02930-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Mycoplasma bovis (M. bovis) is an important bovine mycoplasma implicated in economically important clinical diseases, such as respiratory diseases, otitis media, and mastitis. The prevalence of M. bovis-associated mastitis in both cattle and buffaloes has been increasingly recognized as a global problem. High morbidity rates and consequential economic losses have been devastating to the affected cattle and buffalo farms, especially those in developing countries. Therefore, a rapid and accurate method is urgently needed to detect M. bovis. In this study, a rapid and simple lateral flow strip for detecting antibodies against M. bovis was established that used carbon nanoparticles (CNPs) as the labelled materials. The results from the test strip were highly consistent with those from ELISA. The test showed high specificity (100%) and no cross-reaction with other bovine pathogens. The detection sensitivity of the test was also relatively high (97.67%). All the results indicated that the colloidal carbon test strip could serve as a simple, rapid, sensitive, and specific diagnostic method for detecting antibodies against M. bovis at cattle farms.
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Byamukama B, Tumwebaze MA, Tayebwa DS, Byaruhanga J, Angwe MK, Li J, Galon EM, Liu M, Li Y, Ji S, Moumouni PFA, Ringo A, Lee SH, Vudriko P, Xuan X. First Molecular Detection and Characterization of Hemotropic Mycoplasma Species in Cattle and Goats from Uganda. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10091624. [PMID: 32927890 PMCID: PMC7552329 DOI: 10.3390/ani10091624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemoplasmas (hemotropic mycoplasmas) are small pleomorphic bacteria that parasitize the surface of red blood cells of several mammalian species including cattle, goats, and humans, causing infectious anemia. However, studies on hemoplasmas have been neglected and to date, there are no studies on bovine and caprine hemoplasmas in Uganda or the entire East African region. In this study, a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay targeting the 16S rRNA gene was used to investigate the presence of hemoplasma in 409 samples (cattle = 208; goats = 201) collected from Kasese district, western Uganda. Results showed that 32.2% (67/208) of cattle samples and 43.8% (88/201) of goat samples were positive for hemoplasmas. Sequencing analysis identified Candidatus Mycoplasma haemobos and Mycoplasma wenyonii in cattle, while Candidatus Mycoplasma erythrocervae and Mycoplasma ovis were identified in goats. Statistical analysis showed that goats were at a higher risk of infection with hemoplasmas compared with cattle. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first molecular evidence of hemoplasmas in bovine and caprine animals in Uganda and the entire east African region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedicto Byamukama
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan; (B.B.); (M.A.T.); (J.L.); (E.M.G.); (M.L.); (Y.L.); (S.J.); (P.F.A.M.); (A.R.)
- Research Center for Tropical Diseases and Vector Control, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Resources, Makerere University, Kampala 7062, Uganda; (D.S.T.); (J.B.); (M.K.A.)
| | - Maria Agnes Tumwebaze
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan; (B.B.); (M.A.T.); (J.L.); (E.M.G.); (M.L.); (Y.L.); (S.J.); (P.F.A.M.); (A.R.)
- Research Center for Tropical Diseases and Vector Control, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Resources, Makerere University, Kampala 7062, Uganda; (D.S.T.); (J.B.); (M.K.A.)
| | - Dickson Stuart Tayebwa
- Research Center for Tropical Diseases and Vector Control, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Resources, Makerere University, Kampala 7062, Uganda; (D.S.T.); (J.B.); (M.K.A.)
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacy, Clinics & Comparative Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Resources, College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala 7062, Uganda
| | - Joseph Byaruhanga
- Research Center for Tropical Diseases and Vector Control, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Resources, Makerere University, Kampala 7062, Uganda; (D.S.T.); (J.B.); (M.K.A.)
| | - Martin Kamilo Angwe
- Research Center for Tropical Diseases and Vector Control, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Resources, Makerere University, Kampala 7062, Uganda; (D.S.T.); (J.B.); (M.K.A.)
| | - Jixu Li
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan; (B.B.); (M.A.T.); (J.L.); (E.M.G.); (M.L.); (Y.L.); (S.J.); (P.F.A.M.); (A.R.)
| | - Eloiza May Galon
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan; (B.B.); (M.A.T.); (J.L.); (E.M.G.); (M.L.); (Y.L.); (S.J.); (P.F.A.M.); (A.R.)
| | - Mingming Liu
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan; (B.B.); (M.A.T.); (J.L.); (E.M.G.); (M.L.); (Y.L.); (S.J.); (P.F.A.M.); (A.R.)
| | - Yongchang Li
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan; (B.B.); (M.A.T.); (J.L.); (E.M.G.); (M.L.); (Y.L.); (S.J.); (P.F.A.M.); (A.R.)
| | - Shengwei Ji
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan; (B.B.); (M.A.T.); (J.L.); (E.M.G.); (M.L.); (Y.L.); (S.J.); (P.F.A.M.); (A.R.)
| | - Paul Frank Adjou Moumouni
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan; (B.B.); (M.A.T.); (J.L.); (E.M.G.); (M.L.); (Y.L.); (S.J.); (P.F.A.M.); (A.R.)
| | - Aaron Ringo
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan; (B.B.); (M.A.T.); (J.L.); (E.M.G.); (M.L.); (Y.L.); (S.J.); (P.F.A.M.); (A.R.)
| | - Seung-Hun Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea;
| | - Patrick Vudriko
- Research Center for Tropical Diseases and Vector Control, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Resources, Makerere University, Kampala 7062, Uganda; (D.S.T.); (J.B.); (M.K.A.)
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacy, Clinics & Comparative Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Resources, College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala 7062, Uganda
- Correspondence: (P.V.); (X.X.); Tel.: +256-774-948-082 (P.V.); +81-15-549-5648 (X.X.)
| | - Xuenan Xuan
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan; (B.B.); (M.A.T.); (J.L.); (E.M.G.); (M.L.); (Y.L.); (S.J.); (P.F.A.M.); (A.R.)
- Correspondence: (P.V.); (X.X.); Tel.: +256-774-948-082 (P.V.); +81-15-549-5648 (X.X.)
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Abdelazeem WM, Zolnikov TR, Mohammed ZR, Saad A, Osman KM. Virulence, antimicrobial resistance and phylogenetic analysis of zoonotic walking pneumonia Mycoplasma arginini in the one-humped camel (Camelus dromedarius). Acta Trop 2020; 207:105500. [PMID: 32330451 PMCID: PMC7172927 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2020.105500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In the scientific literature, a small amount of information is found concerning mycoplasmosis in camel species. A variety of pathogens could be causative agents for pneumonia, but walking pneumonia is mostly caused by Mycoplasma with slow development and mild symptoms. The aim of this study was to identify mycoplasmas from camels (Camelus dromedarius) and extending the arsenal of factors implicated in pathogenicity of M. arginini to shed light on the current knowledge gap. 460 lung samples (pneumonic; n=210 and apparently healthy; n=250) were randomly collected from the one-humped camels (C. domedarius) that have been imported from Sudan and slaughtered at Cairo Slaughterhouse. 48 out of 210 isolates (22.9%) recovered from the pneumonic lungs were recorded as M. arginini. Positive PCR results were obtained for all 48 isolates. On the other hand, infection with the organism was not detected in the apparently healthy lungs. Hemolysis and hydrogen sulphide (H2S) production, a compound that has previously not been identified as a virulence factor in M. arginini, was evident in 100% of the isolates. The 48 M. arginini isolates were weak in their ability to form biofilm on polystyrene surfaces. All isolates were 100% susceptible to florfenicol and streptomycin and 100% resistant to ciprofloxacin. Resistance to lincomycin, spiromycin, tylosin, doxacyclin and erythromycin was observed at different frequencies. 13 different combinations of antibiotics representing one to four classes were evident with the Macrolide erythromycin being the most represented. It also should be noted that the ciprofloxacin, doxacyclin, lincomycin, erythromycin combination was the most noted in 21/48 isolates. Surprisingly, none of the virulence genes (vsp, uvrC and gapA) and quinolone resistance genes (parC and gyrA) were detected by PCR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Alaa Saad
- Department of Poultry Diseases, Animal Health Research, Institute, Giza, Egypt
| | - Kamelia M Osman
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt.
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Pardon B, Buczinski S. Bovine Respiratory Disease Diagnosis: What Progress Has Been Made in Infectious Diagnosis? Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract 2020; 36:425-444. [PMID: 32451034 PMCID: PMC7244442 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvfa.2020.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bart Pardon
- Department of Large Animal Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, Merelbeke 9820, Belgium.
| | - Sébastien Buczinski
- Département des Sciences Cliniques, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, 3200 rue Sicotte, St-Hyacinthe, Québec J2S 2M2, Canada
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Rapid Identification of Mycoplasma bovis Strains from Bovine Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid with Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry after Enrichment Procedure. J Clin Microbiol 2020; 58:JCM.00004-20. [PMID: 32229599 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00004-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma bovis is a leading cause of pneumonia in modern calf rearing. Fast identification is essential to ensure appropriate antimicrobial therapy. Therefore, the objective of this study was to develop a protocol to identify M. bovis from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALf) with matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry MALDI-TOF MS and to determine the diagnostic accuracy in comparison with other techniques. BALf was obtained from 104 cattle, and the presence of M. bovis was determined in the following three ways: (i) rapid identification of M. bovis with MALDI-TOF MS (RIMM) (BALf was enriched and after 24, 48, and 72 h of incubation and was analyzed using MALDI-TOF MS), (ii) triplex real-time PCR for M. bovis, Mycoplasma bovirhinis, and Mycoplasma dispar, and (iii) 10-day incubation on selective-indicative agar. The diagnostic accuracy of the three tests was determined with Bayesian latent class modeling (BLCM). After 24 h of enrichment, M. bovis was identified with MALDI-TOF MS in 3 out of 104 BALf samples. After 48 and 72 h of enrichment, 32/104 and 38/100 samples, respectively, were M. bovis positive. Lipase-positive Mycoplasma-like colonies were seen in 28 of 104 samples. Real-time PCR resulted in 28/104 positive and 12/104 doubtful results for M. bovis The BLCM showed a sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp) of 86.6% (95% credible interval [CI], 69.4% to 97.6%) and 86.4% (CI, 76.1 to 93.8) for RIMM. For real-time PCR, Se was 94.8% (CI, 89.9 to 97.9) and Sp was 88.9% (CI, 78.0 to 97.4). For selective-indicative agar, Se and Sp were 70.5% (CI, 52.1 to 87.1) and 93.9% (CI, 85.9 to 98.4), respectively. These results suggest that rapid identification of M. bovis with MALDI-TOF MS after an enrichment procedure is a promising test for routine diagnostics in veterinary laboratories.
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Salina A, Timenetsky J, Barbosa MS, Azevedo CM, Langoni H. Microbiological and molecular detection of Mycoplasma bovis in milk samples from bovine clinical mastitis. PESQUISA VETERINÁRIA BRASILEIRA 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-6259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT: The genus Mycoplasma includes more than 200 bacterial species that cause disease in animals. It is responsible for causing mastitis in bovines and may be related to other manifestations, such as arthritis and pneumonia in calves and heifers. The present study aimed to detect Mycoplasma bovis isolated from milk samples of bovine clinical mastitis, and to compare the isolation rates in two culture media: Hayflick and SP4. An initial screening was performed in order to detect the presence of the class Mollicutes in 1166 milk samples from clinical mastitis by the conventional Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) technique. According to the 1166 milk samples evaluated, 8.6% (100/1166) were positive to class Mollicutes. Regarding molecular analyses, 1.1% (13/1166) of conventional PCR for positive M. bovis was obtained and 0.9% (11/1166) in real-time PCR. The results of the microbiological culture of the 100 samples previously screened demonstrated that 6% (6/100) of colony growth have been developed when using the Hayflick medium, and 11% (11/100) when using the SP4 medium (including the positive on Hayflick medium). Concerning the 11 isolates obtained in the microbiological culture, conventional PCR confirmed M. bovis in nine of them, and two cultures were negative. In the phylogenetic analysis of the isolates, all of them were grouped in M. bovis and M. agalactiae clusters. The results confirmed the importance of the presence of M. bovis in the etiology of bovine clinical mastitis and reinforced the need for further studies to elucidate other Mycoplasma species that may be involved in bovine clinical mastitis in Brazil.
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Pardon B, Callens J, Maris J, Allais L, Van Praet W, Deprez P, Ribbens S. Pathogen-specific risk factors in acute outbreaks of respiratory disease in calves. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:2556-2566. [PMID: 31954585 PMCID: PMC7094370 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-17486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory tract infections (bovine respiratory disease) are a major concern in calf rearing. The objective of this study was to identify pathogen-specific risk factors associated with epidemic respiratory disease in calves. A cross-sectional study was conducted, involving 128 outbreaks (29 dairy, 58 dairy-mixed, and 41 beef) in Belgium (2016–2018). A semiquantitative PCR for 7 respiratory pathogens was done on a pooled nonendoscopic bronchoalveolar lavage sample for each herd. Potential risk factors were collected by questionnaire and derived from the national cattle registration databank. Most outbreaks occurred between October and March, and single and multiple viral infections were detected in 58.6% (75/128) and 13.3% (17/128), respectively. Bovine coronavirus (BCV) was the most frequently isolated virus (38.4%), followed by bovine respiratory syncytial virus (bRSV; 29.4%) and parainfluenzavirus type 3 (PI-3; 8.1%). Mycoplasma bovis, Mannheimia haemolytica, Pasteurella multocida, and Histophilus somni were detected in 33.3, 41.2, 89.1, and 36.4% of the herds, respectively. Specific risk factors for BCV detection were detection of M. haemolytica [odds ratio (OR) = 2.8 (95% confidence interval = 1.1–7.5)], increasing herd size [OR = 1.3 (1.0–1.8) for each increase with 100 animals] and detection of BCV by antigen ELISA on feces in calves in the last year [OR = 3.6 (1.2–11.1)]. A seasonal effect was shown for bRSV only {more in winter compared with autumn [OR = 10.3 (2.8–37.5)]}. Other factors associated with bRSV were PI-3 detection [OR = 13.4 (2.1–86.0)], prevalence of calves with respiratory disease [OR = 1.02 (1.00–1.04) per 1% increase], and number of days with respiratory signs before sampling [OR = 0.99 (0.98–0.99) per day increase]. Next to its association with BCV, M. haemolytica was more frequently detected in herds with 5 to 10 animals per pen [OR = 8.0 (1.4–46.9)] compared with <5 animals, and in herds with sawdust as bedding [OR = 18.3 (1.8–191.6)]. Also, for H. somni, housing on sawdust was a risk factor [OR = 5.2 (1.2–23.0)]. Purchase of cattle [OR = 2.9 (1.0–8.0)] and housing of recently purchased animals in the same airspace [OR = 5.0 (1.5–16.5)] were risk factors for M. bovis. This study identified pathogen-specific risk factors that might be useful for the development of customized control and prevention and for the design of decision support tools to justify antimicrobial use by predicting the most likely pathogen before sampling results are available.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Pardon
- Department of Large Animal Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - J Callens
- Animal Health Service Flanders (DGZ Vlaanderen), Industrielaan 29, 8820 Torhout, Belgium
| | - J Maris
- Boehringer Ingelheim Belgium, Arianelaan 16, 1200 Sint-Lambrechts-Wolume, Belgium
| | - L Allais
- Animal Health Service Flanders (DGZ Vlaanderen), Industrielaan 29, 8820 Torhout, Belgium
| | - W Van Praet
- Animal Health Service Flanders (DGZ Vlaanderen), Industrielaan 29, 8820 Torhout, Belgium
| | - P Deprez
- Department of Large Animal Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - S Ribbens
- Animal Health Service Flanders (DGZ Vlaanderen), Industrielaan 29, 8820 Torhout, Belgium
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