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Nelson VK, Nuli MV, Ausali S, Gupta S, Sanga V, Mishra R, Jaini PK, Madhuri Kallam SD, Sudhan HH, Mayasa V, Abomughaid MM, Almutary AG, Pullaiah CP, Mitta R, Jha NK. Dietary anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial medicinal plants and its compounds in bovine mastitis associated impact on human life. Microb Pathog 2024; 192:106687. [PMID: 38750773 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Bovine mastitis (BM) is the most common bacterial mediated inflammatory disease in the dairy cattle that causes huge economic loss to the dairy industry due to decreased milk quality and quantity. Milk is the essential food in the human diet, and rich in crucial nutrients that helps in lowering the risk of diseases like hypertension, cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes. The main causative agents of the disease include various gram negative, and positive bacteria, along with other risk factors such as udder shape, age, genetic, and environmental factors also contributes much for the disease. Currently, antibiotics, immunotherapy, probiotics, dry cow, and lactation therapy are commonly recommended for BM. However, these treatments can only decrease the rise of new cases but can't eliminate the causative agents, and they also exhibit several limitations. Hence, there is an urgent need of a potential source that can generate a typical and ideal treatment to overcome the limitations and eliminate the pathogens. Among the various sources, medicinal plants and its derived products always play a significant role in drug discovery against several diseases. In addition, they are also known for its low toxicity and minimum resistance features. Therefore, plants and its compounds that possess anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial properties can serve better in bovine mastitis. In addition, the plants that are serving as a food source and possessing pharmacological properties can act even better in bovine mastitis. Hence, in this evidence-based study, we particularly review the dietary medicinal plants and derived products that are proven for anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial effects. Moreover, the role of each dietary plant and its compounds along with possible role in the management of bovine mastitis are delineated. In this way, this article serves as a standalone source for the researchers working in this area to help in the management of BM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinod Kumar Nelson
- Center for global health research, saveetha medical college, saveetha institute of medical and technical sciences, India.
| | - Mohana Vamsi Nuli
- Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Anantapur, India
| | - Saijyothi Ausali
- College of Pharmacy, MNR higher education and research academy campus, MNR Nagar, Sangareddy, 502294, India
| | - Saurabh Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vaishnavi Sanga
- Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Anantapur, India
| | - Richa Mishra
- Department of Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Parul University, Vadodara, 391760, Gujrat, India
| | - Pavan Kumar Jaini
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Raffles University, Neemrana, Rajasthan, India
| | - Sudha Divya Madhuri Kallam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vignan's Foundation for Science, Technology & Research (Deemed to be University), Guntur, Vadlamudi, Andhra Pradesh, 522213, India
| | - Hari Hara Sudhan
- Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Anantapur, India
| | - Vinyas Mayasa
- GITAM School of Pharmacy, GITAM University Hyderabad Campus, Rudraram, India
| | - Mosleh Mohammad Abomughaid
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Bisha, Bisha, 61922, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulmajeed G Almutary
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Abu Dhabi University, Abu Dhabi, P.O. Box, 59911, United Arab Emirates
| | - Chitikela P Pullaiah
- Department of Chemistry, Siddha Central Research Institute, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 60016, India
| | - Raghavendra Mitta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vignan's Foundation for Science, Technology & Research (Deemed to be University), Vadlamudi, Guntur, 522213, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, Sharda School of Engineering & Technology (SSET), Sharda University, Greater Noida, India; School of Bioengineering & Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144411, India; Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied & Life Sciences (SALS), Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, 248007, India.
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Lin Q, Lin S, Fan Z, Liu J, Ye D, Guo P. A Review of the Mechanisms of Bacterial Colonization of the Mammal Gut. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1026. [PMID: 38792855 PMCID: PMC11124445 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12051026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
A healthy animal intestine hosts a diverse population of bacteria in a symbiotic relationship. These bacteria utilize nutrients in the host's intestinal environment for growth and reproduction. In return, they assist the host in digesting and metabolizing nutrients, fortifying the intestinal barrier, defending against potential pathogens, and maintaining gut health. Bacterial colonization is a crucial aspect of this interaction between bacteria and the intestine and involves the attachment of bacteria to intestinal mucus or epithelial cells through nonspecific or specific interactions. This process primarily relies on adhesins. The binding of bacterial adhesins to host receptors is a prerequisite for the long-term colonization of bacteria and serves as the foundation for the pathogenicity of pathogenic bacteria. Intervening in the adhesion and colonization of bacteria in animal intestines may offer an effective approach to treating gastrointestinal diseases and preventing pathogenic infections. Therefore, this paper reviews the situation and mechanisms of bacterial colonization, the colonization characteristics of various bacteria, and the factors influencing bacterial colonization. The aim of this study was to serve as a reference for further research on bacteria-gut interactions and improving animal gut health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingjie Lin
- College of Animal Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, No. 15 Shangxiadian Road, Fuzhou 350002, China; (Q.L.); (S.L.); (Z.F.)
| | - Shiying Lin
- College of Animal Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, No. 15 Shangxiadian Road, Fuzhou 350002, China; (Q.L.); (S.L.); (Z.F.)
| | - Zitao Fan
- College of Animal Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, No. 15 Shangxiadian Road, Fuzhou 350002, China; (Q.L.); (S.L.); (Z.F.)
| | - Jing Liu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350013, China;
| | - Dingcheng Ye
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350013, China;
| | - Pingting Guo
- College of Animal Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, No. 15 Shangxiadian Road, Fuzhou 350002, China; (Q.L.); (S.L.); (Z.F.)
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3
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Xu R, McLoughlin G, Nicol M, Geddes D, Stinson L. Residents or Tourists: Is the Lactating Mammary Gland Colonized by Residential Microbiota? Microorganisms 2024; 12:1009. [PMID: 38792838 PMCID: PMC11123721 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12051009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The existence of the human milk microbiome has been widely recognized for almost two decades, with many studies examining its composition and relationship to maternal and infant health. However, the richness and viability of the human milk microbiota is surprisingly low. Given that the lactating mammary gland houses a warm and nutrient-rich environment and is in contact with the external environment, it may be expected that the lactating mammary gland would contain a high biomass microbiome. This discrepancy raises the question of whether the bacteria in milk come from true microbial colonization in the mammary gland ("residents") or are merely the result of constant influx from other bacterial sources ("tourists"). By drawing together data from animal, in vitro, and human studies, this review will examine the question of whether the lactating mammary gland is colonized by a residential microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruomei Xu
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia (D.G.)
| | - Grace McLoughlin
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia; (G.M.); (M.N.)
| | - Mark Nicol
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia; (G.M.); (M.N.)
| | - Donna Geddes
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia (D.G.)
| | - Lisa Stinson
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia (D.G.)
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Ji Y, Zhao Z, Jiang Q, Loor JJ, Song L, Ou H, Liu M, Sun C, Feng X, Lei L, Han W, Li X, Gu J. Potential of phage EF-N13 as an alternative treatment strategy for mastitis infections caused by multidrug-resistant Enterococcus faecalis. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:9174-9185. [PMID: 37641240 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-22892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Bovine mastitis is the most common and costly disease affecting dairy cattle throughout the world. Enterococcus faecalis is one of the environmental origin mastitis-causing pathogens. The treatment of bovine mastitis is primarily based on antibiotics. Due to the negative impact of developing antibiotic resistance and adverse effects on soil and water environments, the trend toward use of nonantibiotic treatments is increasing. Phages may represent a promising alternative treatment strategy. However, it is unknown whether phages have therapeutic effects on E. faecalis-induced mastitis. Thus, the objective of this study was to investigate the degree of protection conferred by a phage during murine mastitis caused by multidrug-resistant E. faecalis. Enterococcus faecalis was isolated from the milk of dairy cows with mastitis, and a phage was isolated using the E. faecalis isolates as hosts. The bactericidal ability of the phage against E. faecalis and the ability to prevent biofilm formation were determined in vitro. The therapeutic potential of the phage on murine mastitis was evaluated in vivo. We isolated 14 strains of E. faecalis from the milk of cows with mastitis, all of which exhibited multidrug resistance, and most (10/14) could form strong biofilms. Subsequently, a new phage (EF-N13) was isolated using the multidrug-resistant E. faecalis N13 (isolated from mastitic milk) as the host. The phage EF-N13 belongs to the family Myoviridae, which has short latent periods (5 min) and high bursts (284 pfu/cell). The genome of EF-N13 lacked bacterial virulence-, antibiotic resistance-, and lysogenesis-related genes. Furthermore, bacterial loading in the raw milk medium was significantly reduced by EF-N13 and was unaffected by potential IgG antibodies. In fact, EF-N13 could effectively prevent the formation of biofilm by multidrug-resistant E. faecalis. All of these characteristics suggest that EF-N13 has potential as mastitis therapy. In vivo, 1 × 105 cfu/gland of multidrug-resistant E. faecalis N13 resulted in mastitis development within 24 h. A single dose of phage EF-N13 (1 × 104, 1 × 105, or 1 × 106 pfu/gland) could significantly decrease bacterial counts in the mammary gland at 24 h postinfection. Histopathological observations demonstrated that treatment with phage EF-N13 effectively alleviated mammary gland inflammation and damage. This effect was confirmed by the lower levels of proinflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor-α in the mammary gland treated with phage EF-N13 compared with those treated with phosphate-buffered saline. Overall, the data underscored the potential of phage EF-N13 as an alternative therapy for bovine mastitis caused by multidrug-resistant E. faecalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalu Ji
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Zhen Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Qianming Jiang
- Mammalian NutriPhysioGenomics, Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Juan J Loor
- Mammalian NutriPhysioGenomics, Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Liran Song
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Hongda Ou
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Ming Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Changjiang Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Xin Feng
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Liancheng Lei
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Wenyu Han
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xinwei Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China.
| | - Jingmin Gu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
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Ognenovska S, Mukerjee C, Sanderson-Smith M, Moore KH, Mansfield KJ. Virulence Mechanisms of Common Uropathogens and Their Intracellular Localisation within Urothelial Cells. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11080926. [PMID: 36015046 PMCID: PMC9415470 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11080926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A recurrent urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common debilitating condition whereby uropathogens are able to survive within the urinary tract. In this study, we aimed to determine if the common uropathogens Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, and Group B Streptococcus possessed virulence mechanisms that enable the invasion of urothelial cells. Urothelial cells were isolated from women with detrusor overactivity and recurrent UTIs; the intracellular localisation of the uropathogens was determined by confocal microscopy. Uropathogens were also isolated from women with acute UTIs and their intracellular localisation and virulence mechanisms were examined (yeast agglutination, biofilm formation, and haemolysis). Fluorescent staining and imaging of urothelial cells isolated from women with refractory detrusor overactivity and recurrent UTIs demonstrated that all three uropathogens were capable of intracellular colonisation. Similarly, the bacterial isolates from women with acute UTIs were also seen to intracellularly localise using an in vitro model. All Enterococcus and Streptococcus isolates possessed a haemolytic capacity and displayed a strong biofilm formation whilst yeast cell agglutination was unique to Escherichia coli. The expression of virulence mechanisms by these uropathogenic species was observed to correlate with successful urothelial cell invasion. Invasion into the bladder urothelium was seen to be a common characteristic of uropathogens, suggesting that bacterial reservoirs within the bladder contribute to the incidence of recurrent UTIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Ognenovska
- Detrusor Muscle Laboratory, Department of Urogynaecology, University of New South Wales, St. George Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2217, Australia
| | - Chinmoy Mukerjee
- Department of Microbiology, St. George Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2217, Australia
| | - Martina Sanderson-Smith
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
- Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Kate H. Moore
- Detrusor Muscle Laboratory, Department of Urogynaecology, University of New South Wales, St. George Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2217, Australia
| | - Kylie J. Mansfield
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
- Graduate School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
- Correspondence:
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de Souza Rodrigues D, Lannes‐Costa PS, da Silva Santos G, Ribeiro RL, Langoni H, Teixeira LM, Nagao PE. Antimicrobial resistance, biofilm production and invasion of mammary epithelial cells by
Enterococcus faecalis
and
Enterococcus mundtii
strains isolated from bovine subclinical mastitis in Brazil. Lett Appl Microbiol 2022; 75:184-194. [DOI: 10.1111/lam.13718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dayane de Souza Rodrigues
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Fisiologia de Estreptococos Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ) Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil
| | - Pamella Silva Lannes‐Costa
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Fisiologia de Estreptococos Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ) Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil
| | - Gabriela da Silva Santos
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Fisiologia de Estreptococos Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ) Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil
| | - Rachel Leite Ribeiro
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Helio Langoni
- Departamento de Higiene Veterinária e Saúde Pública Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia Universidade do Estado de São Paulo Botucatu, São Paulo Brazil
| | - Lúcia Martins Teixeira
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Prescilla Emy Nagao
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Fisiologia de Estreptococos Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ) Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil
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Nunez N, Derré-Bobillot A, Trainel N, Lakisic G, Lecomte A, Mercier-Nomé F, Cassard AM, Bierne H, Serror P, Archambaud C. The unforeseen intracellular lifestyle of Enterococcus faecalis in hepatocytes. Gut Microbes 2022; 14:2058851. [PMID: 35373699 PMCID: PMC8986240 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2022.2058851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Enterococcus faecalis is a bacterial species present at a subdominant level in the human gut microbiota. This commensal turns into an opportunistic pathogen under specific conditions involving dysbiosis and host immune deficiency. E. faecalis is one of the rare pathobionts identified to date as contributing to liver damage in alcoholic liver disease. We have previously observed that E. faecalis is internalized in hepatocytes. Here, the survival and fate of E. faecalis was examined in hepatocytes, the main epithelial cell type in the liver. Although referred to as an extracellular pathogen, we demonstrate that E. faecalis is able to survive and divide in hepatocytes, and form intracellular clusters in two distinct hepatocyte cell lines, in primary mouse hepatocytes, as well as in vivo. This novel process extends to kidney cells. Unraveling the intracellular lifestyle of E. faecalis, our findings contribute to the understanding of pathobiont-driven diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Nunez
- Université -Saclay, Inrae, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | | | - Nicolas Trainel
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm U996, Inflammation, Microbiome and Immunosurveillance, Clamart, France
| | - Goran Lakisic
- Université -Saclay, Inrae, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Alexandre Lecomte
- Université -Saclay, Inrae, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Françoise Mercier-Nomé
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, CNRS, Institut Paris Saclay d’Innovation Thérapeutique, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Anne-Marie Cassard
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm U996, Inflammation, Microbiome and Immunosurveillance, Clamart, France
| | - Hélène Bierne
- Université -Saclay, Inrae, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Pascale Serror
- Université -Saclay, Inrae, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France,CONTACT Pascale Serror Université Paris-Saclay, Inrae, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Cristel Archambaud
- Université -Saclay, Inrae, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France,Cristel Archambaud Université Paris-Saclay, Inrae, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France
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Wu C, Dai C, Tong L, Lv H, Zhou X. Evaluation of the Probiotic Potential of Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. indicus WDS-7 Isolated from Chinese Traditional Fermented Buffalo Milk In Vitro. Pol J Microbiol 2022; 71:91-105. [PMID: 35635173 PMCID: PMC9152907 DOI: 10.33073/pjm-2022-012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate the probiotic potential of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from Chinese traditional fermented buffalo milk. Out of 22 isolates, 11 were putatively identified as LAB preliminarily. A total of six LAB strains displayed strong adhesion to HT-29 cells and all these strains showed preferable tolerance to artificially simulated gastrointestinal juices. WDS-4, WDS-7, and WDS-18 exhibited excellent antioxidant capacities, including DPPH radical, ABTS+ radical, and superoxide anion scavenging activities. Compared with the other two LAB strains, WDS-7 had a stronger inhibition effect on four pathogens. Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequencing and phylogenetic analysis, WDS-7 was identified as Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. indicus and selected to assess the potential and safety of probiotics further. The results revealed that WDS-7 strain had a strong capacity for acid production and good thermal stability. WDS-7 strain also possessed bile salt hydrolase (BSH) activity. Compared to LGG, WDS-7 was a greater biofilm producer on the plastic surface and exhibited a better EPS production ability (1.94 mg/ml as a glucose equivalent). WDS-7 was proved to be sensitive in the majority of tested antibiotics and absence of hemolytic activity. Moreover, no production of biogenic amines and β-glucuronidase was observed in WDS-7. The findings of this work indicated that L. delbrueckii ssp. indicus WDS-7 fulfilled the probiotic criteria in vitro and could be exploited for further evaluation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changjun Wu
- Anhui Academy of Medical Sciences , Hefei , Anhui Province , China
| | - Chenwei Dai
- Anhui Academy of Medical Sciences , Hefei , Anhui Province , China
| | - Lin Tong
- Anhui Academy of Medical Sciences , Hefei , Anhui Province , China
| | - Han Lv
- Anhui Academy of Medical Sciences , Hefei , Anhui Province , China
| | - Xiuhong Zhou
- Anhui Academy of Medical Sciences , Hefei , Anhui Province , China
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9
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Moliva MV, Campra N, Ibañez M, Cristofolini AL, Merkis CI, Reinoso EB. Capacity of adherence, invasion and intracellular survival of Streptococcus uberis biofilm-forming strains. J Appl Microbiol 2021; 132:1751-1759. [PMID: 34800320 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM Nine Streptococcus uberis strains with different biofilm-forming profiles in relation to their capacity of adherence and invasion to MAC-T cell lines were examined. Additionally, virulence genes were also linked to adherence and invasion. METHODS AND RESULTS All S. uberis were able to adhere and invade the cells at different levels. UB56 strain showed the highest percentage of internalization (3.65%) and presented a moderate level of adhesion (4.6 × 106 ). In contrast, UB152, the most adherent strain (8.7 × 106 ) showed a low capacity to internalize (0.65%). Eight strains were able to persist intracellularly over 96 h regardless of their adherence or invasion level. Statistical analysis between biofilm-forming ability and the adhesion capacity showed no significant differences. Presence of virulence genes involved in the adhesion process (gapC, hasABC, lbp, pauA and sua) showed that the strains harboured different genes and seven patterns could be observed. CONCLUSION Statistical analysis showed no correlation between the virulence gene patterns and the adhesion capacity or the percentage of internalization. Biofilm-forming ability did not influence the invasion capacity. Likewise, adherence and invasion capacity may be strain dependent. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Findings from this study provide new insights on biofilm and invasion capacity of S. uberis strains. Results could help to design adequate control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melina V Moliva
- Instituto de Biotecnología Ambiental y Salud (INBIAS), UNRC-CONICET, Rio Cuarto, República Argentina.,Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Rio Cuarto, República Argentina
| | - Noelia Campra
- Instituto de Biotecnología Ambiental y Salud (INBIAS), UNRC-CONICET, Rio Cuarto, República Argentina.,Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Rio Cuarto, República Argentina
| | - Mercedes Ibañez
- Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Rio Cuarto, República Argentina
| | - Andrea L Cristofolini
- Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Rio Cuarto, República Argentina
| | - Cecilia I Merkis
- Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Rio Cuarto, República Argentina
| | - Elina B Reinoso
- Instituto de Biotecnología Ambiental y Salud (INBIAS), UNRC-CONICET, Rio Cuarto, República Argentina.,Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Rio Cuarto, República Argentina
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El-Zamkan MA, Mohamed HMA. Antimicrobial resistance, virulence genes and biofilm formation in Enterococcus species isolated from milk of sheep and goat with subclinical mastitis. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0259584. [PMID: 34780540 PMCID: PMC8592430 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0259584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
This study is designed to discuss the antimicrobial resistance, virulence determinants and biofilm formation capacity of Enterococcus spp. isolated from milk of sheep and goat with subclinical mastitis in Qena, Egypt. The obtained isolates were identified by the VITEK2 system and 16S rDNA sequencing as E. faecalis, E. faecium, E. casseliflavus and E. hirae. Overall, E. faecalis and E. faecium were the dominant species recovered from mastitic milk samples. The antimicrobial susceptibility test evidenced multidrug resistance of the isolates against the following antimicrobials: oxacillin (89.2.%), followed by vancomycin (75.7%) and linezolid (70.3%). Also, most of these isolates (73%) could form biofilms. For example, 18.9% of Enterococcus strains formed strong biofilm, whereas 32.4% of isolates formed moderate biofilm and 21.6% of isolates formed weak biofilm. The most prevalent resistance genes found in our isolates were blaZ (54%), vanA (40%), ermB (51.4%), tetM (13.5%) and optrA (10.8%). Moreover, asa1 (37.8%), cylA (42.3%), gelE (78.4%), esp (32.4%), EF3314(48.6%) and ace (75.5%) were the most common virulence genes. A significant correlation was found between biofilm formation, multidrug resistance and virulence genes of the isolates. This study highlights several aspects of virulence and harmfulness of Enterococcus strains isolated from subclinical mastitic milk, which necessitates continuous inspection and monitoring of dairy animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona A. El-Zamkan
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Food Hygiene and Control, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
- * E-mail:
| | - Hams M. A. Mohamed
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Microbiology, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
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11
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Enterococci from Raw-Milk Cheeses: Current Knowledge on Safety, Technological, and Probiotic Concerns. Foods 2021; 10:foods10112753. [PMID: 34829034 PMCID: PMC8624194 DOI: 10.3390/foods10112753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study is focused on the safety, technological characteristics, and probiotic evaluation of Enterococcus species from different artisanal raw milk dairy products, mainly cheeses with ripening. Apart from proteolytic and lipolytic activities, most enterococci show the ability to metabolize citrate and convert it to various aromatic compounds. Long-ripened cheeses therefore have a specific flavor that makes them different from cheeses produced from thermally treated milk with commercial starter cultures. In addition, enterococci are producers of bacteriocins effective against spoilage and pathogenic bacteria, so they can be used as food preservatives. However, the use of enterococci in the dairy industry should be approached with caution. Although originating from food, enterococci strains may carry various virulence factors and antibiotic-resistance genes and can have many adverse effects on human health. Still, despite their controversial status, the use of enterococci in the food industry is not strictly regulated since the existence of these so-called desirable and undesirable traits in enterococci is a strain-dependent characteristic. To be specific, the results of many studies showed that there are some enterococci strains that are safe for use as starter cultures or as probiotics since they do not carry virulence factors and antibiotic-resistance genes. These strains even exhibit strong health-promoting effects such as stimulation of the immune response, anti-inflammatory activity, hypocholesterolemic action, and usefulness in prevention/treatment of some diseases.
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12
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Zhang Q, Xia T, Zhang C. Chronic Exposure to Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles Induces Commensal-to-Pathogen Transition in Escherichia coli. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:13186-13196. [PMID: 32960578 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c04968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Due to daily exposure to nanostructured titanium dioxide (nTiO2) for various purposes, concerns have been raised regarding the potential health impact of this material. Few studies have researched the chronic effect of nTiO2 on commensal gut bacteria, and the exposure scenario is typified by long durations, low doses, and dark conditions. We repeatedly exposed Escherichia coli to 5 mg/L nTiO2 for 200 subcultures (400 days) in the dark. Adaptive morphogenesis (i.e., filamentation, thickening of the cell wall, and biofilm formation) was observed, which diminished the sensitivity of the cells to oxidative stress and multiple antibiotics. The bacterial mobility was enhanced by approximately 66%, which was ascribed to the significant increases in flagellar assembly and fimbria biosynthesis. These adaptive traits were associated with increased pathogenicity, as corroborated by a higher death rate of macrophages in vitro and more severe bacterial infection in mice in vivo. The adaptive evolution was attributed to hydroxyl radical production by 5 mg/L nTiO2 in the dark due to surface oxygen vacancies. Therefore, although nTiO2 is generally considered inert in the absence of light, additional precautions should be taken when it is applied in food and daily products considering its potential toxic effects on the commensal microbial community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiurong Zhang
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100857, China
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Tian Xia
- Division of Nanomedicine, Department of Medicine, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles 90095, California, United States
| | - Chengdong Zhang
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100857, China
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13
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Dalanezi FM, Schmidt EMS, Joaquim SF, Guimarães FF, Guerra ST, Lopes BC, Cerri RLA, Chadwick C, Langoni H. Concentrations of Acute-Phase Proteins in Milk from Cows with Clinical Mastitis Caused by Different Pathogens. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9090706. [PMID: 32867136 PMCID: PMC7559481 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9090706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the new diagnostic methods for mastitis detection under development, milk acute-phase proteins (APPs) are receiving special attention. The study aimed to compare the profile of milk APPs from cows with natural clinical mastitis caused by distinct pathogens. The concentrations of haptoglobin (Hp), serum amyloid A (SAA), alpha-1-acid glycoprotein (AGP), and C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured by Spatial Proximity Analyte Reagent Capture Luminescence (SPARCL). Each APP was compared across the pathogens causing mastitis. The APPs differed statistically (p < 0.05) among the pathogens causing udder infection. There were significant and positive correlations among the concentration profile, for each pathogen, in three of four APPs studied. It can be concluded that the pathogen causing mastitis could modify the profile of release of the APPs in milk. The profile of Hp, AGP, and CRP demonstrated significant correlation, indicating that the three APPs are suggested as biomarkers, in milk, for bovine mastitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe M. Dalanezi
- Department of Animal Production and Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Veterinary and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo 18168-681, Brazil; (F.M.D.); (S.F.J.); (F.F.G.); (S.T.G.); (B.C.L.)
| | - Elizabeth M. S. Schmidt
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine Veterinary and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo 18168-681, Brazil;
| | - Sâmea F. Joaquim
- Department of Animal Production and Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Veterinary and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo 18168-681, Brazil; (F.M.D.); (S.F.J.); (F.F.G.); (S.T.G.); (B.C.L.)
| | - Felipe F. Guimarães
- Department of Animal Production and Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Veterinary and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo 18168-681, Brazil; (F.M.D.); (S.F.J.); (F.F.G.); (S.T.G.); (B.C.L.)
| | - Simoni T. Guerra
- Department of Animal Production and Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Veterinary and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo 18168-681, Brazil; (F.M.D.); (S.F.J.); (F.F.G.); (S.T.G.); (B.C.L.)
| | - Bruna C. Lopes
- Department of Animal Production and Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Veterinary and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo 18168-681, Brazil; (F.M.D.); (S.F.J.); (F.F.G.); (S.T.G.); (B.C.L.)
| | - Ronaldo L. A. Cerri
- Applied Animal Biology, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada;
| | | | - Hélio Langoni
- Department of Animal Production and Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Veterinary and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo 18168-681, Brazil; (F.M.D.); (S.F.J.); (F.F.G.); (S.T.G.); (B.C.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-14-3880-2094
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14
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Cheng WN, Han SG. Bovine mastitis: risk factors, therapeutic strategies, and alternative treatments - A review. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2020; 33:1699-1713. [PMID: 32777908 PMCID: PMC7649072 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.20.0156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Bovine mastitis, an inflammation of the mammary gland, is the most common disease of dairy cattle causing economic losses due to reduced yield and poor quality of milk. The etiological agents include a variety of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, and can be either contagious (e.g., Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae, Mycoplasma spp.) or environmental (e.g., Escherichia coli, Enterococcus spp., coagulase-negative Staphylococcus, Streptococcus uberis). Improving sanitation such as enhanced milking hygiene, implementation of post-milking teat disinfection, maintenance of milking machines are general measures to prevent new cases of mastitis, but treatment of active mastitis infection is dependant mainly on antibiotics. However, the extensive use of antibiotics increased concerns about emergence of antibiotic-resistant pathogens and that led the dairy industries to reduce the use of antibiotics. Therefore, alternative therapies for prevention and treatment of bovine mastitis, particularly natural products from plants and animals, have been sought. This review provides an overview of bovine mastitis in the aspects of risk factors, control and treatments, and emerging therapeutic alternatives in the control of bovine mastitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Nee Cheng
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Sung Gu Han
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
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15
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Akoğlu A. The effect of some environmental conditions on planktonic growth and biofilm formation by some lactic acid bacteria isolated from a local cheese in Turkey. Biotechnol Lett 2020; 42:481-492. [DOI: 10.1007/s10529-020-02794-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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16
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Montironi ID, Moliva MV, Campra NA, Raviolo JM, Bagnis G, Cariddi LN, Reinoso EB. Characterization of an Enterococcus faecium strain in a murine mastitis model. J Appl Microbiol 2019; 128:1289-1300. [PMID: 31840319 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM The aim of the study was to characterize phenotypically and genotypically Enterococcus faecium strains collected from bovine mastitis milk and to evaluate one of them for its virulence in a murine mastitis model. METHODS AND RESULTS A total of five E. faecium isolates were collected from cows with subclinical mastitis. EF-7A showed resistance to antibiotics tested, it presented alpha haemolysin and did not present gelatinase activity. It yielded cyA, efafm and gelE1 genes and it could be characterized as a moderate biofilm producer. It was able to internalize in MAC-T cells and 1×108 colony forming unit ml-1 was able to establish an intramammary infection in mice. The strain could be recovered from liver, kidney and blood samples. RAPD profiles showed different bands with respect to the inoculated strain. Histopathology analyses showed different grades of polymorphonuclear neutrophils infiltration in mammary glands. CONCLUSION This is the first report that studied E. faecium strain in a lactating mouse model of mastitis and showed that the experimental inoculation was able to stimulate an inflammatory response resulting in mastitis. Results contribute to a better understanding of intramammary infections caused by E. faecium. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This investigation shows that mice represent a valuable model for the study of the mastitis pathogenesis caused by E. faecium considering the high costs of using cows for mastitis research.
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Affiliation(s)
- I D Montironi
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto, Rio Cuarto, República Argentina
| | - M V Moliva
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto, Rio Cuarto, República Argentina
| | - N A Campra
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto, Rio Cuarto, República Argentina
| | - J M Raviolo
- Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto, Rio Cuarto, República Argentina
| | - G Bagnis
- Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto, Rio Cuarto, República Argentina
| | - L N Cariddi
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto, Rio Cuarto, República Argentina
| | - E B Reinoso
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto, Rio Cuarto, República Argentina
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17
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Grujović MŽ, Mladenović KG, Nikodijević DD, Čomić LR. Autochthonous lactic acid bacteria-presentation of potential probiotics application. Biotechnol Lett 2019; 41:1319-1331. [PMID: 31515644 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-019-02729-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to evaluate the probiotic potential as well as the ability of adhesion and aggregation of natural and autochthonous lactic acid bacteria, isolated from traditionally made cheese. RESULTS Lactic acid bacteria from natural food sources can be promising probiotic candidates and they can be used in natural food preservation or like starter cultures. Tested autochthonous isolates showed tolerance to the simulated gastrointestinal condition as well as the sensitivity to clinically relevant antibiotics, especially to ampicillin (MIC at 0.195 μg mL-1 for lactobacilli and from 0.195 to 3.125 μg mL-1 for lactococci). Among isolates, the highest percentage of adhesion was detected with chloroform, while the adhesion ability of selected isolates to pig intestinal epithelium was in the correlation with the results of adhesion ability with solvents. The auto-aggregation ability of isolates was demonstrated, while co-aggregation with Escherichia coli was strain specific. CONCLUSION The results indicated the potential probiotic properties of the isolates and give evidence for further investigation and potential application in the dairy industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirjana Ž Grujović
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, Radoja Domanovića 12, Kragujevac, 34000, Republic of Serbia.
| | - Katarina G Mladenović
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, Radoja Domanovića 12, Kragujevac, 34000, Republic of Serbia
| | - Danijela D Nikodijević
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, Radoja Domanovića 12, Kragujevac, 34000, Republic of Serbia
| | - Ljiljana R Čomić
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, Radoja Domanovića 12, Kragujevac, 34000, Republic of Serbia
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18
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Angelopoulou A, Warda AK, Hill C, Ross RP. Non-antibiotic microbial solutions for bovine mastitis – live biotherapeutics, bacteriophage, and phage lysins. Crit Rev Microbiol 2019; 45:564-580. [DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2019.1648381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Angeliki Angelopoulou
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - Alicja K. Warda
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Colin Hill
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - R. Paul Ross
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Co. Cork, Ireland
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19
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Kumar A, Parveen S, Sharma I, Pathak H, Deshmukh MV, Sharp JA, Kumar S. Structural and mechanistic insights into EchAMP: A antimicrobial protein from the Echidna milk. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2019; 1861:1260-1274. [PMID: 30951703 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2019.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antibiotic resistance is a problem that necessitates the identification of new antimicrobial molecules. Milk is known to have molecules with antimicrobial properties (AMPs). Echidna Antimicrobial Protein (EchAMP) is one such lactation specific AMP exclusively found in the milk of Echidna, an egg-laying mammal geographically restricted to Australia and New Guinea. Previous studies established that EchAMP exhibits substantial bacteriostatic activity against multiple bacterial genera. However, the subsequent structural and functional studies were hindered due to the unavailability of pure protein. RESULTS In this study, we expressed EchAMP protein using a heterologous expression system and successfully purified it to >95% homogeneity. The purified recombinant protein exhibits bacteriolytic activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria as confirmed by live-dead staining and scanning electron microscopy. Structurally, this AMP belongs to the family of intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) as deciphered by the circular-dichroism, tryptophan fluorescence, and NMR spectroscopy. Nonetheless, EchAMP has the propensity to acquire structure with amphipathic molecules, or membrane mimics like SDS, lipopolysaccharides, and liposomes as again observed through multiple spectroscopic techniques. CONCLUSIONS Recombinant EchAMP exhibits broad-spectrum bacteriolytic activity by compromising the bacterial cell membrane integrity. Hence, we propose that this intrinsically disordered antimicrobial protein interact with the bacterial cell membrane and undergoes conformational changes to form channels in the membrane resulting in cell lysis. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE EchAMP, the evolutionarily conserved, lactation specific AMP from an oviparous mammal may find application as a broad-spectrum antimicrobial against pathogens that affect mammary gland or otherwise cause routine infections in humans and livestock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alok Kumar
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India
| | - Sadiya Parveen
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India
| | - Isha Sharma
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India
| | - Himani Pathak
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India
| | - Mandar V Deshmukh
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India
| | - Julie A Sharp
- Instit for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia
| | - Satish Kumar
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India.
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Muruzović MŽ, Mladenović KG, Djilas MD, Stefanović OD, Čomić LR. In vitro evaluation of antimicrobial potential and ability of biofilm formation of autochthonousLactobacillusspp. andLactococcusspp. isolated from traditionally made cheese from Southeastern Serbia. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.13776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mirjana Ž. Muruzović
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology and Ecology; University of Kragujevac; Kragujevac Serbia
| | - Katarina G. Mladenović
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology and Ecology; University of Kragujevac; Kragujevac Serbia
| | | | - Olgica D. Stefanović
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology and Ecology; University of Kragujevac; Kragujevac Serbia
| | - Ljiljana R. Čomić
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology and Ecology; University of Kragujevac; Kragujevac Serbia
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21
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Popović N, Dinić M, Tolinački M, Mihajlović S, Terzić-Vidojević A, Bojić S, Djokić J, Golić N, Veljović K. New Insight into Biofilm Formation Ability, the Presence of Virulence Genes and Probiotic Potential of Enterococcus sp. Dairy Isolates. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:78. [PMID: 29441056 PMCID: PMC5797593 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterococci have controversial status due to their emerging role in nosocomial infections and transmission of antibiotic resistance genes, while some enterococci strains are used as probiotics for humans and animals and starter cultures in dairy industry. In order to improve our understanding of factors involved in the safe use of enterococci as potential probiotics, the antibiotic susceptibility, virulence and probiotic traits of 75 dairy enterococci isolates belonging to Enterococcus durans (50), En. faecium (15), En. faecalis (6), En. italicus (3), and En. hirae (1) were evaluated. The results revealed that ciprofloxacin resistance and biofilm formation are correlated with isolates originated from Golija mountain (Serbia), while gelatinase activity was more common in isolates from Prigorje region (Croatia), pointing to uncontrolled use of antibiotics and anthropogenic impact on dairy products' microbiota in these regions. The virulence genes were sporadically present in 13 selected dairy enterococci isolates. Interestingly, biofilm formation was correlated with higher ability of strains to reduce the adhesion of E. coli and Salmonella Enteritidis to HT29-MTX cells. To our knowledge this is the first study reporting the presence of the esp gene (previously correlated with pathogenesis) in dairy enterococci isolates, mostly associated with the genes involved in adhesion property. Hence, the results of this study revealed that the virulence genes are sporadically present in dairy isolates and more correlated to adhesion properties and biofilm formation, implicating their role in gut colonization rather than to the virulence traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikola Popović
- Laboratory for Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Miroslav Dinić
- Laboratory for Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Maja Tolinački
- Laboratory for Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sanja Mihajlović
- Laboratory for Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Amarela Terzić-Vidojević
- Laboratory for Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Jelena Djokić
- Laboratory for Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nataša Golić
- Laboratory for Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Katarina Veljović
- Laboratory for Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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22
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Bachtiar BM, Bachtiar EW. Proinflammatory MG-63 cells response infection with Enterococcus faecalis cps2 evaluated by the expression of TLR-2, IL-1β, and iNOS mRNA. BMC Res Notes 2017; 10:401. [PMID: 28800779 PMCID: PMC5553915 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-017-2740-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We have previously demonstrated that unencapsulated Enterococcus faecalis cps2 inhibits biofilm formation of Candida albicans, a fungus commonly found with E. faecalis in periapical lesion. In this study, we compared encapsulated and unencapsulated E. faecalis cps2 strains relationship with osteoblastic (MG-63) cells, whereas E. faecalis ATCC 29212 were used as a reference strain. RESULTS The binding capacity of E. faecalis to MG-63 cells as shown by each tested strain was comparable, but the unencapsulated strain was less invasive compared to the encapsulated and the reference strains. Moreover, quantitative real time-PCR (qPCR) results showed that infecting unencapsulated E. faecalis cps2 is a stronger stimulator for toll like receptor 2 (TLR2) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) mRNAs, but not for inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mRNA in osteoblastic cells. In conclusion, the performance of unencapsulated E. faecalis cps2 when the bacterium interacts with osteoblastic cells is quite different from that of encapsulated E. faecalis cps2 and reference strains. It appears that the unencapsulated strain might contribute to the persistence of the periapical inflammatory response, depending on down-regulation of iNOS mRNA expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boy M Bachtiar
- Department of Oral Biology and Oral Science Research Center, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jl. Salemba Raya 4, Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia.
| | - Endang W Bachtiar
- Department of Oral Biology and Oral Science Research Center, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jl. Salemba Raya 4, Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia
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Gomes F, Saavedra MJ, Henriques M. Bovine mastitis disease/pathogenicity: evidence of the potential role of microbial biofilms. Pathog Dis 2016; 74:ftw006. [PMID: 26772653 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftw006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine mastitis (BM) is a disease with high incidence worldwide and one of the most relevant bovine pathologies and the most costly to the dairy industry. BM is an inflammation of the udder and represents one of the most difficult veterinary diseases to control. Biofilm formation is considered a selective advantage for pathogens causing mastitis, facilitating bacterial persistence in the udder. In fact, recently some authors drew attention to the biofilm formation ability presented by several mastitis causing pathogens and to its possible relation with recurrent mastitis infections and with the increased resistance to antimicrobial agents and host immune defence system. Actually, up to now, several researchers reported the potential role of cells in this mode of growth in the previous facts mentioned. As a consequence of the presence of biofilms, the infection here focused is more difficult to treat and eradicate, making this problem a more relevant pressing issue. Thus, we believe that a deeper knowledge of these structures in mastitis can help to determine the best control strategy to be used in veterinary practice in order to reduce losses in the dairy industry and to ensure milk safety and quality. The aim of this paper was to review the existing research and consequently to provide an overview of the role of biofilms in BM infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Gomes
- CEB, Center of Biological Engineering, LIBRO-Laboratório de Investigação em Biofilmes Rosário Oliveira, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Maria José Saavedra
- CECAV- Veterinary and Animal Science Research Center, Veterinary Science Department, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Apartado 1013, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Mariana Henriques
- CEB, Center of Biological Engineering, LIBRO-Laboratório de Investigação em Biofilmes Rosário Oliveira, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
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