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Oršolić N, Jazvinšćak Jembrek M. Royal Jelly: Biological Action and Health Benefits. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6023. [PMID: 38892209 PMCID: PMC11172503 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Royal jelly (RJ) is a highly nutritious natural product with great potential for use in medicine, cosmetics, and as a health-promoting food. This bee product is a mixture of important compounds, such as proteins, vitamins, lipids, minerals, hormones, neurotransmitters, flavonoids, and polyphenols, that underlie the remarkable biological and therapeutic activities of RJ. Various bioactive molecules like 10-hydroxy-2-decenoic acid (10-HDA), antibacterial protein, apisin, the major royal jelly proteins, and specific peptides such as apisimin, royalisin, royalactin, apidaecin, defensin-1, and jelleins are characteristic ingredients of RJ. RJ shows numerous physiological and pharmacological properties, including vasodilatory, hypotensive, antihypercholesterolaemic, antidiabetic, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-aging, neuroprotective, antimicrobial, estrogenic, anti-allergic, anti-osteoporotic, and anti-tumor effects. Moreover, RJ may reduce menopause symptoms and improve the health of the reproductive system, liver, and kidneys, and promote wound healing. This article provides an overview of the molecular mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of RJ in various diseases, aging, and aging-related complications, with special emphasis on the bioactive components of RJ and their health-promoting properties. The data presented should be an incentive for future clinical studies that hopefully will advance our knowledge about the therapeutic potential of RJ and facilitate the development of novel RJ-based therapeutic opportunities for improving human health and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada Oršolić
- Division of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Rooseveltov trg 6, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Maja Jazvinšćak Jembrek
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Laboratory for Protein Dynamics, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
- School of Medicine, Catholic University of Croatia, Ilica 242, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Cincotta AH. Brain Dopamine-Clock Interactions Regulate Cardiometabolic Physiology: Mechanisms of the Observed Cardioprotective Effects of Circadian-Timed Bromocriptine-QR Therapy in Type 2 Diabetes Subjects. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13255. [PMID: 37686060 PMCID: PMC10487918 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite enormous global efforts within clinical research and medical practice to reduce cardiovascular disease(s) (CVD), it still remains the leading cause of death worldwide. While genetic factors clearly contribute to CVD etiology, the preponderance of epidemiological data indicate that a major common denominator among diverse ethnic populations from around the world contributing to CVD is the composite of Western lifestyle cofactors, particularly Western diets (high saturated fat/simple sugar [particularly high fructose and sucrose and to a lesser extent glucose] diets), psychosocial stress, depression, and altered sleep/wake architecture. Such Western lifestyle cofactors are potent drivers for the increased risk of metabolic syndrome and its attendant downstream CVD. The central nervous system (CNS) evolved to respond to and anticipate changes in the external (and internal) environment to adapt survival mechanisms to perceived stresses (challenges to normal biological function), including the aforementioned Western lifestyle cofactors. Within the CNS of vertebrates in the wild, the biological clock circuitry surveils the environment and has evolved mechanisms for the induction of the obese, insulin-resistant state as a survival mechanism against an anticipated ensuing season of low/no food availability. The peripheral tissues utilize fat as an energy source under muscle insulin resistance, while increased hepatic insulin resistance more readily supplies glucose to the brain. This neural clock function also orchestrates the reversal of the obese, insulin-resistant condition when the low food availability season ends. The circadian neural network that produces these seasonal shifts in metabolism is also responsive to Western lifestyle stressors that drive the CNS clock into survival mode. A major component of this natural or Western lifestyle stressor-induced CNS clock neurophysiological shift potentiating the obese, insulin-resistant state is a diminution of the circadian peak of dopaminergic input activity to the pacemaker clock center, suprachiasmatic nucleus. Pharmacologically preventing this loss of circadian peak dopaminergic activity both prevents and reverses existing metabolic syndrome in a wide variety of animal models of the disorder, including high fat-fed animals. Clinically, across a variety of different study designs, circadian-timed bromocriptine-QR (quick release) (a unique formulation of micronized bromocriptine-a dopamine D2 receptor agonist) therapy of type 2 diabetes subjects improved hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, immune sterile inflammation, and/or adverse cardiovascular event rate. The present review details the seminal circadian science investigations delineating important roles for CNS circadian peak dopaminergic activity in the regulation of peripheral fuel metabolism and cardiovascular biology and also summarizes the clinical study findings of bromocriptine-QR therapy on cardiometabolic outcomes in type 2 diabetes subjects.
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Pansa CC, Molica LR, Moraes KCM. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease establishment and progression: genetics and epigenetics as relevant modulators of the pathology. Scand J Gastroenterol 2022; 58:521-533. [PMID: 36426638 DOI: 10.1080/00365521.2022.2148835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) results from metabolic dysfunctions that affect more than one-third of the world population. Over the last decades, scientific investigations have clarified many details on the pathology establishment and development; however, effective therapeutics approaches are still evasive. In addition, studies demonstrated that NAFLD establishment and progression are related to several etiologies. Recently, genetics and epigenetics backgrounds have emerged as relevant elements to the pathology onset, and, hence, deserve deep investigation to clarify molecular details on NAFLD signaling, which may be correlated with population behavior. Thus, to minimize the global problem, public health and public policies should take advantage of studies on NAFLD over the next following decades. METHODS In this context, we have performed a selective literature review focusing on biochemistry of lipid metabolism, genetics, epigenetics, and the ethnicity as strong elements that drive NAFLD establishment. RESULTS Considering the etiological agents that acts on NAFLD development and progression, the genetics and the epigenetics emerged as relevant factors. Genetics acts as a powerful element in the establishment and progression of the NAFLD. Over the last decades, details concerning genes and their polymorphisms, as well as epigenetics, have been considered relevant elements in the systems biology of diseases, and their effects on NAFLD should be considered in-depth, as well as the ethnicity, clarifying whether people are susceptible to liver diseases. Moreover, the endemicity and social problems of hepatic disfunction are far to be solved, which require a combined effort of various sectors of society. CONCLUSION Hence, the elements presented and discussed in this short review demonstrated their relevance to the physiological control of NAFLD, opening perspectives for research to develop new strategy to treat fatty liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Cristiane Pansa
- Departamento de Biologia Geral e Aplicada, Cellular Signalling and Gene Expression Laboratory, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Instituto de Biociências, Rio Claro, Brazil
| | - Letícia Ramos Molica
- Departamento de Biologia Geral e Aplicada, Cellular Signalling and Gene Expression Laboratory, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Instituto de Biociências, Rio Claro, Brazil
| | - Karen C M Moraes
- Departamento de Biologia Geral e Aplicada, Cellular Signalling and Gene Expression Laboratory, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Instituto de Biociências, Rio Claro, Brazil
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Attenuation by Time-Restricted Feeding of High-Fat and High-Fructose Diet-Induced NASH in Mice Is Related to Per2 and Ferroptosis. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:8063897. [PMID: 36285301 PMCID: PMC9588383 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8063897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a chronic and progressive disease whose treatment strategies are limited. Although time-restricted feeding (TRF) is beneficial for metabolic diseases without influencing caloric intake, the underlying mechanisms of TRF action in NASH and its efficacy have not yet been demonstrated. We herein showed that TRF effectively alleviated NASH, producing a reduction in liver enzymes and improvements in liver pathology. Regarding the mechanisms by which TRF mitigates NASH, we ascertained that TRF inhibited ferroptosis and the expression of the circadian gene Per2. By adopting a hepatocyte-specific Per2-knockout (Per2△hep) mice model, we clarified the critical role of Per2 in exacerbating NASH. According to the results of our RNA-Seq analysis, the knockout of Per2 ameliorated NASH by inhibiting the onset of ferroptosis; this was manifested by diminished lipid peroxidation levels, decreased mRNA and protein levels for ferroptosis-related genes, and alleviated morphologic changes in mitochondria. Furthermore, using a ferroptosis inhibitor, we showed that ferroptosis significantly aggravated NASH and noted that this was likely achieved by regulation of the expression of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR)α. Finally, we discerned that TRF and hepatocyte-specific knockout of Per2 promoted the expression of PPARα. Our results revealed a potential for TRF to effectively alleviate high-fat and high-fructose diet-induced NASH via the inhibition of Per2 and depicted the participation of Per2 in the progression of NASH by promoting ferroptosis, which was ultimately related to the expression of PPARα.
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Roy S, Abudu A, Salinas I, Sinha N, Cline-Fedewa H, Yaw AM, Qi W, Lydic TA, Takahashi DL, Hennebold JD, Hoffmann HM, Wang J, Sen A. Androgen-mediated Perturbation of the Hepatic Circadian System Through Epigenetic Modulation Promotes NAFLD in PCOS Mice. Endocrinology 2022; 163:6657796. [PMID: 35933634 PMCID: PMC9419696 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqac127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In women, excess androgen causes polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), a common fertility disorder with comorbid metabolic dysfunctions including diabetes, obesity, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Using a PCOS mouse model, this study shows that chronic high androgen levels cause hepatic steatosis while hepatocyte-specific androgen receptor (AR)-knockout rescues this phenotype. Moreover, through RNA-sequencing and metabolomic studies, we have identified key metabolic genes and pathways affected by hyperandrogenism. Our studies reveal that a large number of metabolic genes are directly regulated by androgens through AR binding to androgen response element sequences on the promoter region of these genes. Interestingly, a number of circadian genes are also differentially regulated by androgens. In vivo and in vitro studies using a circadian reporter [Period2::Luciferase (Per2::LUC)] mouse model demonstrate that androgens can directly disrupt the hepatic timing system, which is a key regulator of liver metabolism. Consequently, studies show that androgens decrease H3K27me3, a gene silencing mark on the promoter of core clock genes, by inhibiting the expression of histone methyltransferase, Ezh2, while inducing the expression of the histone demethylase, JMJD3, which is responsible for adding and removing the H3K27me3 mark, respectively. Finally, we report that under hyperandrogenic conditions, some of the same circadian/metabolic genes that are upregulated in the mouse liver are also elevated in nonhuman primate livers. In summary, these studies not only provide an overall understanding of how hyperandrogenism associated with PCOS affects liver gene expression and metabolism but also offer insight into the underlying mechanisms leading to hepatic steatosis in PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Niharika Sinha
- Reproductive and Developmental Sciences Program, Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Holly Cline-Fedewa
- Reproductive and Developmental Sciences Program, Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Alexandra M Yaw
- Reproductive and Developmental Sciences Program, Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Wenjie Qi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Todd A Lydic
- Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Core, Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | | | - Jon D Hennebold
- Division of Reproductive & Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR, USA
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Hanne M Hoffmann
- Reproductive and Developmental Sciences Program, Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Jianrong Wang
- Department of Computational Mathematics, Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Aritro Sen
- Correspondence: Aritro Sen, PhD, Reproductive and Developmental Sciences Program, Department of Animal Sciences, 766 Service Rd, Interdisciplinary Science & Technology Building, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
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Impacts of Circadian Gene Period2 Knockout on Intestinal Metabolism and Hepatic Antioxidant and Inflammation State in Mice. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:7896371. [PMID: 35910841 PMCID: PMC9325607 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7896371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The period circadian regulator 2 (Per2) gene is important for the modulations of rhythmic homeostasis in the gut and liver; disruption will cause metabolic diseases, such as obesity, diabetes, and fatty liver. Herein, we investigated the alterations in intestinal metabolic and hepatic functions in Per2 knockout (Per2−/−, KO) and wild-type (Per2+/+, WT) mice. Growth indices, intestinal metabolomics, hepatic circadian rhythms, lipid metabolism, inflammation-related genes, antioxidant capacity, and transcriptome sequencing were performed after euthanasia. Data indicated that KO decreased the intestinal concentrations of amino acids such as γ-aminobutyric acid, aspartic acid, glycine, L-allothreonine, methionine, proline, serine, and valine while it increased the concentrations of carbohydrates such as cellobiose, D-talose, fucose, lyxose, and xylose compared with WT. Moreover, the imbalance of intestinal metabolism further seemed to induce liver dysfunction. Data indicated that Per2 knockout altered the expression of hepatic circadian rhythm genes, such as Clock, Bmal1, Per1, Per3, Cry1, and Cry2. KO also induced hepatic lipid metabolism, because of the increase of liver index and serum concentrations of low-density lipoprotein, and the upregulated expression of Pparα, Cyp7a1, and Cpt1. In addition, KO improved hepatic antioxidant capacity due to the increase activities of SOD and GSH-Px and the decrease in concentrations of MDA. Lastly, KO increased the relative expression levels of hepatic inflammation-related genes, such as Il-1β, Il-6, Tnf-α, Myd88, and Nf-κB p65, which may potentially lead to hepatic inflammation. Overall, Per2 knockout induces gut metabolic dysregulation and may potentially trigger alterations in hepatic antioxidant and inflammation responses.
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Singh SP, Anirvan P, Khandelwal R, Satapathy SK. Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) Name Change: Requiem or Reveille? J Clin Transl Hepatol 2021; 9:931-938. [PMID: 34966656 PMCID: PMC8666378 DOI: 10.14218/jcth.2021.00174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) affects about a quarter of the world's population and poses a major health and economic burden globally. Recently, there have been hasty attempts to rename NAFLD to metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) despite the fact that there is no scientific rationale for this. Quest for a "positive criterion" to diagnose the disease and destigmatizing the disease have been the main reasons put forth for the name change. A close scrutiny of the pathogenesis of NAFLD would make it clear that NAFLD is a heterogeneous disorder, involving different pathogenic mechanisms of which metabolic dysfunction-driven hepatic steatosis is only one. Replacing NAFLD with MAFLD would neither enhance the legitimacy of clinical practice and clinical trials, nor improve clinical care or move NAFLD research forward. Rather than changing the nomenclature without a strong scientific backing to support such a change, efforts should be directed at understanding NAFLD pathogenesis across diverse populations and ethnicities which could potentially help develop newer therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivaram P. Singh
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sriram Chandra Bhanj Medical College, Cuttack, Odisha, India
- Correspondence to: Shivaram P Singh, Department of Gastroenterology, Sriram Chandra Bhanj Medical College, Cuttack, Odisha 753007, India. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8197-2674. Tel: +91-9437578857, Fax: +91-671-2433865, E-mail:
| | - Prajna Anirvan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sriram Chandra Bhanj Medical College, Cuttack, Odisha, India
| | - Reshu Khandelwal
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sriram Chandra Bhanj Medical College, Cuttack, Odisha, India
| | - Sanjaya K. Satapathy
- Division of Hepatology, Sandra Atlas Bass Center for Liver Diseases and Transplantation, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, USA
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Guo X, Zheng J, Zhang S, Jiang X, Chen T, Yu J, Wang S, Ma X, Wu C. Advances in Unhealthy Nutrition and Circadian Dysregulation in Pathophysiology of NAFLD. FRONTIERS IN CLINICAL DIABETES AND HEALTHCARE 2021; 2:691828. [PMID: 36994336 PMCID: PMC10012147 DOI: 10.3389/fcdhc.2021.691828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Unhealthy diets and lifestyle result in various metabolic conditions including metabolic syndrome and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Much evidence indicates that disruption of circadian rhythms contributes to the development and progression of excessive hepatic fat deposition and inflammation, as well as liver fibrosis, a key characteristic of non-steatohepatitis (NASH) or the advanced form of NAFLD. In this review, we emphasize the importance of nutrition as a critical factor in the regulation of circadian clock in the liver. We also focus on the roles of the rhythms of nutrient intake and the composition of diets in the regulation of circadian clocks in the context of controlling hepatic glucose and fat metabolism. We then summarize the effects of unhealthy nutrition and circadian dysregulation on the development of hepatic steatosis and inflammation. A better understanding of how the interplay among nutrition, circadian rhythms, and dysregulated metabolism result in hepatic steatosis and inflammation can help develop improved preventive and/or therapeutic strategies for managing NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Guo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Xin Guo, ; Chaodong Wu,
| | - Juan Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Wuhan, China
| | - Shixiu Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaofan Jiang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ting Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiayu Yu
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Wuhan, China
| | - Shu'e Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaomin Ma
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Chaodong Wu
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
- *Correspondence: Xin Guo, ; Chaodong Wu,
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Peng XF, Huang SF, Chen LJ, Xu L, Ye WC. Targeting epigenetics and lncRNAs in liver disease: From mechanisms to therapeutics. Pharmacol Res 2021; 172:105846. [PMID: 34438063 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Early onset and progression of liver diseases can be driven by aberrant transcriptional regulation. Different transcriptional regulation processes, such as RNA/DNA methylation, histone modification, and ncRNA-mediated targeting, can regulate biological processes in healthy cells, as well also under various pathological conditions, especially liver disease. Numerous studies over the past decades have demonstrated that liver disease has a strong epigenetic component. Therefore, the epigenetic basis of liver disease has challenged our knowledge of epigenetics, and epigenetics field has undergone an important transformation: from a biological phenomenon to an emerging focus of disease research. Furthermore, inhibitors of different epigenetic regulators, such as m6A-related factors, are being explored as potential candidates for preventing and treating liver diseases. In the present review, we summarize and discuss the current knowledge of five distinct but interconnected and interdependent epigenetic processes in the context of hepatic diseases: RNA methylation, DNA methylation, histone methylation, miRNAs, and lncRNAs. Finally, we discuss the potential therapeutic implications and future challenges and ongoing research in the field. Our review also provides a perspective for identifying therapeutic targets and new hepatic biomarkers of liver disease, bringing precision research and disease therapy to the modern era of epigenetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Fei Peng
- Department of General Surgery, Qingyuan People's Hospital, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan 511518, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Shi-Feng Huang
- Qingyuan People's Hospital, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan 511518, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ling-Juan Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qingyuan People's Hospital, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan 511518, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Lingqing Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qingyuan People's Hospital, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan 511518, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Wen-Chu Ye
- Qingyuan People's Hospital, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan 511518, Guangdong Province, China.
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Carbone A, De Santis E, Cela O, Giambra V, Miele L, Marrone G, Grieco A, Buschbeck M, Capitanio N, Mazza T, Mazzoccoli G. The Histone Variant MacroH2A1 Impacts Circadian Gene Expression and Cell Phenotype in an In Vitro Model of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9081057. [PMID: 34440260 PMCID: PMC8391426 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9081057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. A foremost risk factor for HCC is obesity/metabolic syndrome-related non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which is prompted by remarkable changes in transcription patterns of genes enriching metabolic, immune/inflammatory, and circadian pathways. Epigenetic mechanisms play a role in NAFLD-associated HCC, and macroH2A1, a variant of histone H2A, is involved in the pathogenesis modulating the expression of oncogenes and/or tumor suppressor genes and interacting with SIRT1, which crucially impacts the circadian clock circuitry. Hence, we aimed to appraise if and how macroH2A1 regulated the expression patterns of circadian genes in the setting of NAFLD-associated HCC. We took advantage of an in vitro model of liver cancer represented by HepG2 (human hepatocarcinoma) cells stably knocked down for macroH2A1 and conducted whole transcriptome profiling and deep phenotyping analysis. We found up-regulation of PER1 along with several deregulated circadian genes, enriching several important pathways and functions related to cancer onset and progression, such as epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, cell cycle deregulation, and DNA damage. PER1 silencing partially mitigated the malignant phenotype induced by the loss of macroH2A1 in HCC cells. In conclusion, our findings suggest a modulatory role for the core circadian protein PER1 in liver carcinogenesis in the context of a lack of the macroH2A1 epigenetic and transcriptional landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalucia Carbone
- Department of Medical Sciences, Division of Internal Medicine and Chronobiology Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy;
| | - Elisabetta De Santis
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology, Regenerative Medicine and Innovative Therapies (ISBReMIT), Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy; (E.D.S.); (V.G.)
| | - Olga Cela
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71100 Foggia, Italy; (O.C.); (N.C.)
| | - Vincenzo Giambra
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology, Regenerative Medicine and Innovative Therapies (ISBReMIT), Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy; (E.D.S.); (V.G.)
| | - Luca Miele
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli-IRCCS, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy; (L.M.); (G.M.); (A.G.)
| | - Giuseppe Marrone
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli-IRCCS, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy; (L.M.); (G.M.); (A.G.)
| | - Antonio Grieco
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli-IRCCS, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy; (L.M.); (G.M.); (A.G.)
| | - Marcus Buschbeck
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, IJC Building, Can Ruti Campus Ctra de Can Ruti, Camí de les Escoles s/n, 08916 Badalona, Spain;
| | - Nazzareno Capitanio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71100 Foggia, Italy; (O.C.); (N.C.)
| | - Tommaso Mazza
- Bioinformatics Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy;
| | - Gianluigi Mazzoccoli
- Department of Medical Sciences, Division of Internal Medicine and Chronobiology Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +39-(0882)-410-255
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Yang XF, Lu M, You L, Gen H, Yuan L, Tian T, Li CY, Xu K, Hou J, Lei M. Herbal therapy for ameliorating nonalcoholic fatty liver disease via rebuilding the intestinal microecology. Chin Med 2021; 16:62. [PMID: 34315516 PMCID: PMC8314451 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-021-00470-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The worldwide prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is increasing, and this metabolic disorder has been recognized as a severe threat to human health. A variety of chemical drugs have been approved for treating NAFLD, however, they always has serious side effects. Chinese herbal medicines (CHMs) have been widely used for preventing and treating a range of metabolic diseases with satisfactory safety and effective performance in clinical treatment of NAFLD. Recent studies indicated that imbanlance of the intestinal microbiota was closely associated with the occurrence and development of NAFLD, thus, the intestinal microbiota has been recognized as a promising target for treatment of NAFLD. In recent decades, a variety of CHMs have been reported to effectively prevent or treat NAFLD by modulating intestinal microbiota to further interfer the gut-liver axis. In this review, recent advances in CHMs for the treatment of NAFLD via rebuilding the intestinal microecology were systematically reviewed. The key roles of CHMs in the regulation of gut microbiota and the gut-liver axis along with their mechanisms (such as modulating intestinal permeability, reducing the inflammatory response, protecting liver cells, improving lipid metabolism, and modulating nuclear receptors), were well summarized. All the knowledge and information presented here will be very helpful for researchers to better understand the applications and mechanisms of CHMs for treatment of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Fang Yang
- Critical Care Medicine, Seventh Peoples Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai University of TCM, Shanghai, 200137, China
| | - Ming Lu
- Trauma Emergency Center, The Seventh Peoples Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200137, China
| | - Lijiao You
- Critical Care Medicine, Seventh Peoples Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai University of TCM, Shanghai, 200137, China
| | - Huan Gen
- Critical Care Medicine, Seventh Peoples Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai University of TCM, Shanghai, 200137, China
| | - Lin Yuan
- Critical Care Medicine, Seventh Peoples Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai University of TCM, Shanghai, 200137, China
| | - Tianning Tian
- Trauma Emergency Center, The Seventh Peoples Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200137, China
| | - Chun-Yu Li
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Kailiang Xu
- Critical Care Medicine, Seventh Peoples Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai University of TCM, Shanghai, 200137, China.
| | - Jie Hou
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China.
| | - Ming Lei
- Critical Care Medicine, Seventh Peoples Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai University of TCM, Shanghai, 200137, China.
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12
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Qi L, Dai W, Kong J, Tian Y, Chen Y. Cholecystectomy as a risk factor for metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease: unveiling the metabolic and chronobiologic clues behind the bile acid enterohepatic circulation. J Physiol Biochem 2021; 77:497-510. [PMID: 34302623 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-020-00782-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is highly prevalent worldwide. Recent clinical and experimental studies have addressed the association between cholecystectomy and MAFLD, confirming that cholecystectomy is an independent risk factor for MAFLD. In this review, we describe the epidemiologic evidence that links cholecystectomy to MAFLD, and discuss the possible mechanisms behind these connections, in order to unveil the metabolic and chronobiologic signals conveyed by the waves of the bile acid enterohepatic circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Qi
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 39, Hua xiang Road, Tiexi District, Shenyang, 110022, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Wanlin Dai
- Innovation Institute of China Medical University, No. 77, Pu He Road, Shenbeixin District, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Jing Kong
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36, San Hao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yu Tian
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36, San Hao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yongsheng Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36, San Hao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning Province, China.
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13
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Dallio M, Romeo M, Gravina AG, Masarone M, Larussa T, Abenavoli L, Persico M, Loguercio C, Federico A. Nutrigenomics and Nutrigenetics in Metabolic- (Dysfunction) Associated Fatty Liver Disease: Novel Insights and Future Perspectives. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13051679. [PMID: 34063372 PMCID: PMC8156164 DOI: 10.3390/nu13051679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic- (dysfunction) associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) represents the predominant hepatopathy and one of the most important systemic, metabolic-related disorders all over the world associated with severe medical and socio-economic repercussions due to its growing prevalence, clinical course (steatohepatitis and/or hepatocellular-carcinoma), and related extra-hepatic comorbidities. To date, no specific medications for the treatment of this condition exist, and the most valid recommendation for patients remains lifestyle change. MAFLD has been associated with metabolic syndrome; its development and progression are widely influenced by the interplay between genetic, environmental, and nutritional factors. Nutrigenetics and nutrigenomics findings suggest nutrition’s capability, by acting on the individual genetic background and modifying the specific epigenetic expression as well, to influence patients’ clinical outcome. Besides, immunity response is emerging as pivotal in this multifactorial scenario, suggesting the interaction between diet, genetics, and immunity as another tangled network that needs to be explored. The present review describes the genetic background contribution to MAFLD onset and worsening, its possibility to be influenced by nutritional habits, and the interplay between nutrients and immunity as one of the most promising research fields of the future in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Dallio
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.R.); (A.G.G.); (C.L.); (A.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0815666740
| | - Mario Romeo
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.R.); (A.G.G.); (C.L.); (A.F.)
| | - Antonietta Gerarda Gravina
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.R.); (A.G.G.); (C.L.); (A.F.)
| | - Mario Masarone
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Via Allende, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (M.M.); (M.P.)
| | - Tiziana Larussa
- Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia, viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (T.L.); (L.A.)
| | - Ludovico Abenavoli
- Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia, viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (T.L.); (L.A.)
| | - Marcello Persico
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Via Allende, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (M.M.); (M.P.)
| | - Carmelina Loguercio
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.R.); (A.G.G.); (C.L.); (A.F.)
| | - Alessandro Federico
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.R.); (A.G.G.); (C.L.); (A.F.)
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14
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Abulmeaty MMA, Almajwal AM, Alnumair KS, Razak S, Hasan MM, Fawzy A, Farraj AI, Abudawood M, Aljuraiban GS. Effect of Long-Term Continuous Light Exposure and Western Diet on Adropin Expression, Lipid Metabolism, and Energy Homeostasis in Rats. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10050413. [PMID: 34066943 PMCID: PMC8148543 DOI: 10.3390/biology10050413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Long-term continuous light exposure (CL) and western diet (WD) effects on Adropin expression, RORα, and Rev-erb-α nuclear receptors and energy homeostasis were studied in rats. Thirty-two male Wistar rats (250-290 g) were enrolled for 3 months in the following groups (n = 8/group): (a) Normal control group (NC), (b) CL group, (c) WD group, and (d) CL + WD group. Then, indirect calorimetry and food intake (FI) were measured. Finally, Adropin, hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL), adipocyte triglyceride lipase (ATGL), and free fatty acids (FFA) were measured. Additionally, the histopathology and gene expression of Enho, RORα, and Rev-erb-α genes were done. The CL alone elevated the Adropin plasma level and gene expression, increased RORα expression, and decreased the Rev-erb-α nuclear receptor expression mainly in the liver and kidney. Besides, CL increased the total energy expenditure (TEE) and decreased the respiratory quotient. WD alone or in combination with the CL reversed gene expression of Enho, RORα, and Rev-erb-α. Combined CL and WD increased the TEE, reduced the food intake, increased the ATGL, and reduced the Adropin level in addition to widespread degenerative changes in the liver, spleen, and renal tissues. The deleterious effects of CL and WD on energy homeostasis may include Adropin with the involvement of the RORα and Rev-erb-α nuclear receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Mustafa Ali Abulmeaty
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia; (A.M.A.); (K.S.A.); (S.R.); (G.S.A.)
- Department of Medical Physiology, School of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +966-54-815-5983
| | - Ali Madi Almajwal
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia; (A.M.A.); (K.S.A.); (S.R.); (G.S.A.)
| | - Khalid S. Alnumair
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia; (A.M.A.); (K.S.A.); (S.R.); (G.S.A.)
| | - Suhail Razak
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia; (A.M.A.); (K.S.A.); (S.R.); (G.S.A.)
| | - Mai Mohammed Hasan
- Department of Medical Physiology, School of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt;
| | - Amal Fawzy
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt;
| | - Abdullah Ibrahim Farraj
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia; (A.I.F.); (M.A.)
| | - Manal Abudawood
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia; (A.I.F.); (M.A.)
| | - Ghadeer S. Aljuraiban
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia; (A.M.A.); (K.S.A.); (S.R.); (G.S.A.)
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15
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Epigenetics in NAFLD/NASH: Targets and therapy. Pharmacol Res 2021; 167:105484. [PMID: 33771699 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Recently non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has grabbed considerable scientific attention, owing to its rapid increase in prevalence worldwide and growing burden on end-stage liver diseases. Metabolic syndrome including obesity, diabetes, and hypertension poses a grave risk to NAFLD etiology and progression. With no drugs available, the mainstay of NAFLD management remains lifestyle changes with exercise and dietary modifications. Nonselective drugs such as metformin, thiazolidinediones (TZDs), ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), silymarin, etc., are also being used to target the interrelated pathways for treating NAFLD. Considering the enormous disease burden and the unmet need for drugs, fresh insights into pathogenesis and drug discovery are required. The emergence of the field of epigenetics offers a convincing explanation for the basis of lifestyle, environmental, and other risk factors to influence NAFLD pathogenesis. Therefore, understanding these epigenetic modifications to target the primary cause of the disease might prove a rational strategy to prevent the disease and develop novel therapeutic interventions. Apart from describing the role of epigenetics in the pathogenesis of NAFLD as in other reviews, this review additionally provides an elaborate discussion on exploiting the high plasticity of epigenetic modifications in response to environmental cues, for developing novel therapeutics for NAFLD. Besides, this extensive review provides evidence for epigenetic mechanisms utilized by several potential drugs for NAFLD.
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16
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Soni SK, Basu P, Singaravel M, Sharma R, Pandi-Perumal SR, Cardinali DP, Reiter RJ. Sirtuins and the circadian clock interplay in cardioprotection: focus on sirtuin 1. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:2503-2515. [PMID: 33388853 PMCID: PMC11073088 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03713-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Chronic disruption of circadian rhythms which include intricate molecular transcription-translation feedback loops of evolutionarily conserved clock genes has serious health consequences and negatively affects cardiovascular physiology. Sirtuins (SIRTs) are nuclear, cytoplasmic and mitochondrial histone deacetylases that influence the circadian clock with clock-controlled oscillatory protein, NAMPT, and its metabolite NAD+. Sirtuins are linked to the multi-organ protective role of melatonin, particularly in acute kidney injury and in cardiovascular diseases, where melatonin, via upregulation of SIRT1 expression, inhibits the apoptotic pathway. This review focuses on SIRT1, an NAD+-dependent class III histone deacetylase which counterbalances the intrinsic histone acetyltransferase activity of one of the clock genes, CLOCK. SIRT1 is involved in the development of cardiomyocytes, regulation of voltage-gated cardiac sodium ion channels via deacetylation, prevention of atherosclerotic plaque formation in the cardiovascular system, protection against oxidative damage and anti-thrombotic actions. Overall, SIRT1 has a see-saw effect on cardioprotection, with low levels being cardioprotective and higher levels leading to cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjeev Kumar Soni
- Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Institute of Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Priyoneel Basu
- Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Institute of Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Muniyandi Singaravel
- Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Institute of Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Ramaswamy Sharma
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | | | - Daniel P Cardinali
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
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Collazo N, Carpena M, Nuñez-Estevez B, Otero P, Simal-Gandara J, Prieto MA. Health Promoting Properties of Bee Royal Jelly: Food of the Queens. Nutrients 2021; 13:543. [PMID: 33562330 PMCID: PMC7915653 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Royal jelly (RJ) demand is growing every year and so is the market for functional foods in general. RJ is formed by different substances, mainly carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids, but also vitamins, minerals, and phenolic or volatile compounds in lower proportion. Major royal jelly proteins (MRJP) are, together with 10-hydroxy-2-decenoic acid (10-HDA), key substances of RJ due to their different biological properties. In particular, 10-HDA is a unique substance in this product. RJ has been historically employed as health enhancer and is still very relevant in China due to the traditional medicine and the apitherapy. Nowadays, it is mainly consumed as a functional food or is found in supplements and other formulations for its health-beneficial properties. Within these properites, anti-lipidemic, antioxidant, antiproliferative, antimicrobial, neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antiaging, and estrogenic activities have been reported for RJ or its specific components. This manuscript is aimed at reviewing the current knowledge on RJ components, their assessment in terms of authenticity, their biological activities, and related health applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Collazo
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Ourense Campus, University of Vigo, E32004 Ourense, Spain; (N.C.); (M.C.); (B.N.-E.); (P.O.)
| | - Maria Carpena
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Ourense Campus, University of Vigo, E32004 Ourense, Spain; (N.C.); (M.C.); (B.N.-E.); (P.O.)
| | - Bernabe Nuñez-Estevez
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Ourense Campus, University of Vigo, E32004 Ourense, Spain; (N.C.); (M.C.); (B.N.-E.); (P.O.)
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolonia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Paz Otero
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Ourense Campus, University of Vigo, E32004 Ourense, Spain; (N.C.); (M.C.); (B.N.-E.); (P.O.)
| | - Jesus Simal-Gandara
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Ourense Campus, University of Vigo, E32004 Ourense, Spain; (N.C.); (M.C.); (B.N.-E.); (P.O.)
| | - Miguel A. Prieto
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Ourense Campus, University of Vigo, E32004 Ourense, Spain; (N.C.); (M.C.); (B.N.-E.); (P.O.)
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolonia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
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18
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Kolben Y, Weksler-Zangen S, Ilan Y. Adropin as a potential mediator of the metabolic system-autonomic nervous system-chronobiology axis: Implementing a personalized signature-based platform for chronotherapy. Obes Rev 2021; 22:e13108. [PMID: 32720402 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Adropin is a peptide hormone, which plays a role in energy homeostasis and controls glucose and fatty acid metabolism. Its levels correlate with changes in carbohydrate-lipid metabolism, metabolic diseases, central nervous system function, endothelial function and cardiovascular disease. Both metabolic pathways and adropin are regulated by the circadian clocks. Here, we review the roles of the autonomic nervous system and circadian rhythms in regulating metabolic pathways and energy homeostasis. The beneficial effects of chronotherapy in various systems are discussed. We suggest a potential role for adropin as a mediator of the metabolic system-autonomic nervous system axis. We discuss the possibility of establishing an individualized adropin and circadian rhythm-based platform for implementing chronotherapy, and variability signatures for improving the efficacy of adropin-based therapies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yotam Kolben
- Department of Medicine, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Sarah Weksler-Zangen
- Department of Medicine, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yaron Ilan
- Department of Medicine, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
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19
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Vernia F, Di Ruscio M, Ciccone A, Viscido A, Frieri G, Stefanelli G, Latella G. Sleep disorders related to nutrition and digestive diseases: a neglected clinical condition. Int J Med Sci 2021; 18:593-603. [PMID: 33437194 PMCID: PMC7797530 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.45512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep disturbances often result from inappropriate lifestyles, incorrect dietary habits, and/or digestive diseases. This clinical condition, however, has not been sufficiently explored in this area. Several studies have linked the circadian timing system to the physiology of metabolism control mechanisms, energy balance regulation, and nutrition. Sleep disturbances supposedly trigger digestive disorders or conversely represent specific clinical manifestation of gastrointestinal (GI) diseases. Poor sleep may worsen the symptoms of GI disorders, affecting the quality of life. Conversely, short sleep may influence dietary choices, as well as meal timing, and the circadian system drives temporal changes in metabolic patterns. Emerging evidence suggests that patients with inappropriate dietary habits and chronic digestive disorders often sleep less and show lower sleep efficiency, compared with healthy individuals. Sleep disturbances may thus represent a primary symptom of digestive diseases. Further controlled trials are needed to fully understand the relationship between sleep disturbances, dietary habits, and GI disorders. It may be also anticipated that the evaluation of sleep quality may prove useful to drive positive interventions and improve the quality of life in a proportion of patients. This review summarizes data linking sleep disorders with diet and a series of disease including gastro-esophageal reflux disease, peptic disease, functional gastrointestinal disorders, inflammatory bowel diseases, gut microbiota alterations, liver and pancreatic diseases, and obesity. The evidence supporting the complex interplay between sleep dysfunction, nutrition, and digestive diseases is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Vernia
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Life, Health, and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Piazza S. Tommasi, 1- Coppito, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Mirko Di Ruscio
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Life, Health, and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Piazza S. Tommasi, 1- Coppito, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Antonio Ciccone
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Life, Health, and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Piazza S. Tommasi, 1- Coppito, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Angelo Viscido
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Life, Health, and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Piazza S. Tommasi, 1- Coppito, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Frieri
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Life, Health, and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Piazza S. Tommasi, 1- Coppito, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Gianpiero Stefanelli
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Life, Health, and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Piazza S. Tommasi, 1- Coppito, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Giovanni Latella
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Life, Health, and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Piazza S. Tommasi, 1- Coppito, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
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20
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Li X, Wang H. Multiple organs involved in the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Cell Biosci 2020; 10:140. [PMID: 33372630 PMCID: PMC7720519 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-020-00507-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) represents the leading cause of chronic liver disease worldwide and the anticipated health burden is huge. There are limited therapeutic approaches for NAFLD now. It’s imperative to get a better understanding of the disease pathogenesis if new treatments are to be discovered. As the hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome, this disease involves complex interactions between different organs and regulatory pathways. It’s increasingly clear that brain, gut and adipose tissue all contribute to NAFLD pathogenesis and development, in view of their roles in energy homeostasis. In the present review, we try to summarize currently available data regarding NAFLD pathogenesis and to lay a particular emphasis on the inter-organ crosstalk evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Li
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China. .,Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, 230032, China.
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21
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Li R, Wang Y, Chen R, Gu W, Zhang L, Gu J, Wang Z, Liu Y, Sun Q, Zhang K, Liu C. Ambient fine particulate matter disrupts hepatic circadian oscillation and lipid metabolism in a mouse model. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 262:114179. [PMID: 32145476 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Emerging evidence has shown that exposure to ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is associated with hepatic lipid accumulation. However, the underlying mechanism is not fully characterized yet. Autonomous circadian clock in the liver plays a fundamental role in maintaining lipid metabolism homeostasis. In this study, we evaluated the effects of ambient PM2.5 exposure on the expression of hepatic circadian clock genes and expression rhythm of genes associated with lipid metabolism in mice liver. Male C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned to ambient PM2.5 or filtered air for 10 weeks via a whole body exposure system. We found that the liver mass was reduced significantly at zeitgeber time (ZT) 8 in mice exposed to PM2.5 but not levels or circadian rhythm of hepatic triglycerides or free fatty acid (FFA). In addition, exposure to PM2.5 led to enhanced expression of bmal1 at ZT0/24, cry1 at ZT16 and rev-erbα at ZT4 and ZT8. Furthermore, the expression of pparα was enhanced in mice liver at ZT4 and ZT8 after PM2.5 exposure, with upregulation of pparα-mediated genes responsible for fatty acid transport and oxidation. Finally, the expression of rate-limiting enzymes for lipid synthesis was all significantly increased in the liver of PM2.5 exposed mice at ZT12. Therefore, the present study provides new perspectives for revealing the etiology of hepatic lipid metabolism abnormality from PM2.5-induced circadian rhythm disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences and Public Health, Joint China-US Research Center for Environment and Pulmonary Diseases, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Yixuan Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences and Public Health, Joint China-US Research Center for Environment and Pulmonary Diseases, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Rucheng Chen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences and Public Health, Joint China-US Research Center for Environment and Pulmonary Diseases, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Weijia Gu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences and Public Health, Joint China-US Research Center for Environment and Pulmonary Diseases, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences and Public Health, Joint China-US Research Center for Environment and Pulmonary Diseases, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Jinge Gu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ambient Particles Health Effects and Prevention Techniques, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Ziyao Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ambient Particles Health Effects and Prevention Techniques, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Ying Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ambient Particles Health Effects and Prevention Techniques, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Qinghua Sun
- College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Kezhong Zhang
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Cuiqing Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences and Public Health, Joint China-US Research Center for Environment and Pulmonary Diseases, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China.
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22
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Zhao Y, Yan Y, Xie L, Wang L, He Y, Wan X, Xue Q. Long-term environmental exposure to microcystins increases the risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in humans: A combined fisher-based investigation and murine model study. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 138:105648. [PMID: 32187572 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Microcystins (MCs) produced by cyanobacteria pose serious threats to human health. However, the contribution of long-term exposure to MCs to the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) remains poorly documented. In this study, we estimated the environmental uptake of MCs by a small population of fishers who have lived for many years on Meiliang Bay of Lake Taihu, where cyanobacterial blooms occur frequently. Serum biochemical indices of liver function and their relationships with MC contamination in these people were also investigated. Moreover, to mimic the long-term effects of MC on the livers of fishers, an animal model was established in which mice were exposed to MC-LR at an environmentally relevant level, a reference level (the no-observed adverse effect level, NOAEL), and three times the NOAEL through drinking water for 12 months. We estimated the total daily intake of MCs by fishers through contaminated lake water and food to be 5.95 μg MC-LReq, far exceeding the tolerable daily intake (2.40 μg MC-LReq) proposed by the World Health Organization (WHO). More than 80% of participants had at least one abnormal serum marker. The indices of aspartate aminotransferase (AST)/alanine aminotransferase (ALT), triglyceride (TG), globulin (GLB), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) had close positive associations with MC contamination, indicating that both liver damage and lipid metabolism dysfunction were induced by chronic MC exposure. Furthermore, the animal experimental results showed that long-term exposure to MC-LR at the environmentally relevant level led to hepatic steatosis with molecular alterations in circadian rhythm regulation, lipid metabolic processes, and the cell cycle pathway. Exposure to MC-LR at or above the NOAEL worsened the pathological phenotype towards nonalcoholic steatohepatitis disease (NASH) or fibrosis. These results suggest that prolonged exposure to the reference level (NOAEL) of MC-LR could cause severe liver injury to mammals. People with long-term environmental exposure to MCs might be at high risk for developing NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 73 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, PR China.
| | - Yunjun Yan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Liqiang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 73 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, PR China
| | - Lixiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Yaojia He
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Xiang Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 73 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, PR China
| | - Qingju Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 73 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, PR China
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23
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Melatonin Orchestrates Lipid Homeostasis through the Hepatointestinal Circadian Clock and Microbiota during Constant Light Exposure. Cells 2020; 9:cells9020489. [PMID: 32093272 PMCID: PMC7072737 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Misalignment between natural light rhythm and modern life activities induces disruption of the circadian rhythm. It is mainly evident that light at night (LAN) interferes with the human endocrine system and contributes to the increasing rates of obesity and lipid metabolic disease. Maintaining hepatointestinal circadian homeostasis is vital for improving lipid homeostasis. Melatonin is a chronobiotic substance that plays a main role in stabilizing bodily rhythm and has shown beneficial effects in protecting against obesity. Based on the dual effect of circadian rhythm regulation and antiobesity, we tested the effect of melatonin in mice under constant light exposure. Exposure to 24-h constant light (LL) increased weight and insulin resistance compared with those of the control group (12-h light–12-h dark cycle, LD), and simultaneous supplementation in the melatonin group (LLM) ameliorated this phenotype. Constant light exposure disturbed the expression pattern of a series of transcripts, including lipid metabolism, circadian regulation and nuclear receptors in the liver. Melatonin also showed beneficial effects in improving lipid metabolism and circadian rhythm homeostasis. Furthermore, the LL group had increased absorption and digestion of lipids in the intestine as evidenced by the elevated influx of lipids in the duodenum and decrease in the efflux of lipids in the jejunum. More interestingly, melatonin ameliorated the gut microbiota dysbiosis and improved lipid efflux from the intestine. Thus, these findings offer a novel clue regarding the obesity-promoting effect attributed to LAN and suggest a possibility for obesity therapy by melatonin in which melatonin could ameliorate rhythm disorder and intestinal dysbiosis.
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24
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Zhang Q, Wang J, Li H, Zhang Y, Chu X, Yang J, Li Y. LncRNA Gm12664-001 ameliorates nonalcoholic fatty liver through modulating miR-295-5p and CAV1 expression. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2020; 17:13. [PMID: 32042299 PMCID: PMC7001338 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-020-0430-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Our study aims to investigate the mechanisms of lncRNA Gm12664–001 improved hepatic lipid accumulation-initiated NAFLD via regulating miR-295-5p and CAV1 in AML12 cells. Methods The animals were divided into normal control (NC) group and high fat diet (HFD) group (20 mice per group) for 8w. The steatotic liver was measured by hematoxylin eosin (HE) staining and kits. We performed systematical analyses on hepatic expression profiles of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs in a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced steatotic animal model. The expression profile of targets was confirmed by bioinformatics analysis, luciferase assay, RT-PCR and western blot in AML12 cells. Results HFD treatment markedly observed hepatic fatty degeneration with primarily fat vacuoles, and increased TG level compared with control. According to microarray data, we found that transfection of Gm12664–001 siRNA (siRNA-118,306) obviously enhanced TG accumulation and repressed CAV1 in AML12 cells. Furthermore, the TG accumulation markedly increased by siRNA-mediated knockdown of CAV1 in AML12 cells. By bioinformatics prediction, AML12 cells were transfected of siRNA-118,306 obviously upregulated miR-295-5p. Transfection of miR-295-5p mimics significantly increased TG accumulation and obviously suppressed the target CAV1. Conclusions The results revealed that lncRNA Gm12664–001 attenuated hepatic lipid accumulation through negatively regulating miR-295-5p and enhancing CAV1 expression in AML12 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Zhang
- 1Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086 China.,2Department of Public Health College, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650550 China
| | - Jiemei Wang
- 1Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086 China
| | - Hongyin Li
- 1Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086 China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- 1Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086 China
| | - Xia Chu
- 1Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086 China
| | - Jianjun Yang
- 3School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004 China
| | - Ying Li
- 1Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086 China
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25
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You MM, Liu YC, Chen YF, Pan YM, Miao ZN, Shi YZ, Si JJ, Chen ML, Hu FL. Royal jelly attenuates nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by inhibiting oxidative stress and regulating the expression of circadian genes in ovariectomized rats. J Food Biochem 2020; 44:e13138. [PMID: 31894585 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has a high incidence in postmenopausal women and is accompanied by insulin resistance, obesity, and dyslipidemia. Royal jelly (RJ), a natural substance derived from hive, possesses numerous health-beneficial properties. Here, we evaluated the effects of RJ (150, 300, and 450 mg kg-1 day-1 , 8 weeks) on NAFLD in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. Based on the results, RJ ameliorated the degree of anxiety, improved serum lipid profile, and attenuated the hepatic steatosis and liver injury in OVX rats. Furthermore, the protective effects of RJ could be attributed to its antioxidant properties, which enhance the levels of hepatic antioxidant enzymes. The qRT-PCR results also suggest that RJ improves the disturbances of circadian genes by downregulating their expression, including that of Per1 and Per 2, in the liver of OVX rats. Altogether, our findings suggest that RJ may be a promising agent for the treatment of NAFLD. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Postmenopausal women are at an increased risk of NAFLD. Currently, there are no licensed therapies for NAFLD. Although hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is reported to inhibit the development of NAFLD, it causes unexpected adverse effects. As HRT is controversial, the use of natural supplements to counteract the detrimental effects of menopause has recently attracted more attention. RJ is a natural product secreted from the hypopharyngeal and mandibular glands of worker bees. The present study illustrates the protective effect of the natural product, RJ, and its underlying mechanisms on NAFLD. This is the first study to assess the effect of RJ on NAFLD under estrogen deficiency. Such findings contribute to the further utilization of RJ, which might serve as a promising therapeutic option and natural food for the treatment of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Meng You
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi-Chen Liu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi-Fan Chen
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yong-Ming Pan
- Experimental Animal Research Center, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhuo-Ning Miao
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi-Zhen Shi
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Juan-Juan Si
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Min-Li Chen
- Experimental Animal Research Center, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fu-Liang Hu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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26
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Mukherji A, Bailey SM, Staels B, Baumert TF. The circadian clock and liver function in health and disease. J Hepatol 2019; 71:200-211. [PMID: 30930223 PMCID: PMC7613420 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2019.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Each day, all organisms are subjected to changes in light intensity because of the Earth's rotation around its own axis. To anticipate this geo-physical variability, and to appropriately respond biochemically, most species, including mammals, have evolved an approximate 24-hour endogenous timing mechanism known as the circadian clock (CC). The 'clock' is self-sustained, cell autonomous and present in every cell type. At the core of the clock resides the CC-oscillator, an exquisitely crafted transcriptional-translational feedback system. Remarkably, components of the CC-oscillator not only maintain daily rhythmicity of their own synthesis, but also generate temporal variability in the expression levels of numerous target genes through transcriptional, post-transcriptional and post-translational mechanisms, thus, ensuring proper chronological coordination in the functioning of cells, tissues and organs, including the liver. Indeed, a variety of physiologically critical hepatic functions and cellular processes are CC-controlled. Thus, it is not surprising that modern lifestyle factors (e.g. travel and jet lag, night and rotating shift work), which force 'circadian misalignment', have emerged as major contributors to global health problems including obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and steatohepatitis. Herein, we provide an overview of the CC-dependent pathways which play critical roles in mediating several hepatic functions under physiological conditions, and whose deregulation is implicated in chronic liver diseases including non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and alcohol-related liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atish Mukherji
- Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques INSERM, UMR 1110, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.
| | - Shannon M. Bailey
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA
| | - Bart Staels
- Université de Lille-European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, Institut Pasteur de Lille, CHU de Lille, INSERM UMR 1011, Lille, France
| | - Thomas F. Baumert
- Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques INSERM, UMR 1110, Université de Strasbourg Strasbourg, France,Pôle Hépato-Digestif, Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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27
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Mazzoccoli G, Keshavarzian A, Vinciguerra M. Hedgehog signaling keeps liver clock in check. J Hepatol 2019; 70:1054-1056. [PMID: 30826121 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2019.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gianluigi Mazzoccoli
- Division of Internal Medicine and Laboratory of Chronobiology, Department of Medical Sciences, Fondazione IRCCS "Casa Sollievo Della Sofferenza", San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy
| | - Ali Keshavarzian
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Digestive Disease and Nutrition, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Manlio Vinciguerra
- International Clinical Research Center, St'Anne University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic; Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
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28
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Shi D, Chen J, Wang J, Yao J, Huang Y, Zhang G, Bao Z. Circadian Clock Genes in the Metabolism of Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Front Physiol 2019; 10:423. [PMID: 31139087 PMCID: PMC6517678 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common disease, which is characterized by the accumulation of triglycerides in the hepatocytes without excess alcohol intake. Circadian rhythms can participate in lipid, glucose, and cholesterol metabolism and are closely related to metabolism seen in this disease. Circadian clock genes can modulate liver lipid metabolism. Desynchrony of circadian rhythms and the influences imparted by external environmental stimuli can increase morbidity. By contrast, synchronizing circadian rhythms can help to alleviate the metabolic disturbance seen in NAFLD. In this review, we have discussed the current research connections that exist between the circadian clock and the metabolism of NAFLD, and we have specifically focused on the key circadian clock genes, Bmal1, Clock, Rev-Erbs, Rors, Pers, Crys, Nocturnin, and DECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Geriatrics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaofeng Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Geriatrics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianfeng Yao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiqin Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gansheng Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhijun Bao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Geriatrics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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29
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Interplay between early-life malnutrition, epigenetic modulation of the immune function and liver diseases. Nutr Res Rev 2019; 32:128-145. [PMID: 30707092 DOI: 10.1017/s0954422418000239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Early-life nutrition plays a critical role in fetal growth and development. Food intake absence and excess are the two main types of energy malnutrition that predispose to the appearance of diseases in adulthood, according to the hypothesis of 'developmental origins of health and disease'. Epidemiological data have shown an association between early-life malnutrition and the metabolic syndrome in later life. Evidence has also demonstrated that nutrition during this period of life can affect the development of the immune system through epigenetic mechanisms. Thus, epigenetics has an essential role in the complex interplay between environmental factors and genetics. Altogether, this leads to the inflammatory response that is commonly seen in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the hepatic manifestation of the metabolic syndrome. In conjunction, DNA methylation, covalent modification of histones and the expression of non-coding RNA are the epigenetic phenomena that affect inflammatory processes in the context of NAFLD. Here, we highlight current understanding of the mechanisms underlying developmental programming of NAFLD linked to epigenetic modulation of the immune system and environmental factors, such as malnutrition.
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30
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Shigiyama F, Kumashiro N, Tsuneoka Y, Igarashi H, Yoshikawa F, Kakehi S, Funato H, Hirose T. Mechanisms of sleep deprivation-induced hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance in mice. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2018; 315:E848-E858. [PMID: 29989853 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00072.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Sleep deprivation is associated with increased risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, the underlying mechanisms of sleep deprivation-induced glucose intolerance remain elusive. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanisms of sleep deprivation-induced glucose intolerance in mice with a special focus on the liver. We established a mouse model of sleep deprivation-induced glucose intolerance using C57BL/6J male mice. A single 6-h sleep deprivation by the gentle handling method under fasting condition induced glucose intolerance. Hepatic glucose production assessed by a pyruvate challenge test was significantly increased, as was hepatic triglyceride content (by 67.9%) in the sleep deprivation group, compared with freely sleeping control mice. Metabolome and microarray analyses were used to evaluate hepatic metabolites and gene expression levels and to determine the molecular mechanisms of sleep deprivation-induced hepatic steatosis. Hepatic metabolites, such as acetyl coenzyme A, 3β-hydroxybutyric acid, and certain acylcarnitines, were significantly increased in the sleep deprivation group, suggesting increased lipid oxidation in the liver. In contrast, fasted sleep-deprived mice showed that hepatic gene expression levels of elongation of very long chain fatty acids-like 3, lipin 1, perilipin 4, perilipin 5, and acyl-CoA thioesterase 1, which are known to play lipogenic roles, were 2.7, 4.5, 3.7, 2.9, and 2.8 times, respectively, those of the fasted sleeping control group, as assessed by quantitative RT-PCR. Sleep deprivation-induced hepatic steatosis and hepatic insulin resistance seem to be mediated through upregulation of hepatic lipogenic enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumika Shigiyama
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Toho University Graduate School of Medicine , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Naoki Kumashiro
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Toho University Graduate School of Medicine , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Yousuke Tsuneoka
- Department of Anatomy, Toho University Graduate School of Medicine , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Igarashi
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Toho University Graduate School of Medicine , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Fukumi Yoshikawa
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Toho University Graduate School of Medicine , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Saori Kakehi
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine , Tokyo , Japan
- Sportology Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Funato
- Department of Anatomy, Toho University Graduate School of Medicine , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Takahisa Hirose
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Toho University Graduate School of Medicine , Tokyo , Japan
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31
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Chronotype and social jetlag influence human circadian clock gene expression. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10152. [PMID: 29976939 PMCID: PMC6033857 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28616-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined the relationships between chronotype or social jetlag and clock gene expression. Twenty-four young men [Chronotype: morningness, n = 8; intermediate, n = 8, eveningness, n = 8], aged 27 ± 2 years old (mean ± SE), completed two trials in a randomized order: (1) a Friday trial and (2) a Monday trial. In both trials, hair follicle cells were collected to evaluate the expression of clock genes over a 24-hour period at 4-hour intervals. There was a significant main effect of time on the expression of NR1D1, NR1D2, and PER3 (P < 0.001) in the morningness group, but not in the eveningness group. Changes in the peak time of expression of NR1D1 (r = 0.434, P = 0.034), NR1D2 (r = 0.481, P = 0.017), and PER3 (r = 0.457, P = 0.025) from the Friday to Monday trials were positively correlated with social jetlag (SJL) time. Our findings indicate that there was no change in the patterns of clock gene expression between workdays and the day after the holiday in the morningness group, and that SJL time influences the peak time of clock gene expression, moving it from the early to late workday, after a holiday.
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32
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Mazzoccoli G, De Cosmo S, Mazza T. The Biological Clock: A Pivotal Hub in Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Pathogenesis. Front Physiol 2018; 9:193. [PMID: 29662454 PMCID: PMC5890189 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most frequent hepatic pathology in the Western world and may evolve into steatohepatitis (NASH), increasing the risk of cirrhosis, portal hypertension and hepatocellular carcinoma. NAFLD derives from the accumulation of hepatic fat due to discrepant free fatty acid metabolism. Other factors contributing to this are deranged nutrients and bile acids fluxes as well as alterations in nuclear receptors, hormones, and intermediary metabolites, which impact on signaling pathways involved in metabolism and inflammation. Autophagy and host gut-microbiota interplay are also relevant to NAFLD pathogenesis. Notably, liver metabolic pathways and bile acid synthesis as well as autophagic and immune/inflammatory processes all show circadian patterns driven by the biological clock. Gut microbiota impacts on the biological clock, at the same time as the appropriate timing of metabolic fluxes, hormone secretion, bile acid turnover, autophagy and inflammation with behavioural cycles of fasting/feeding and sleeping/waking is required to circumvent hepatosteatosis, indicating significant interactions of the gut and circadian processes in NAFLD pathophysiology. Several time-related factors and processes interplay in NAFLD development, with the biological clock proposed to act as a network level hub. Deranged physiological rhythms (chronodisruption) may also play a role in liver steatosis pathogenesis. The current article reviews how the circadian clock circuitry intimately interacts with several mechanisms involved in the onset of hepatosteatosis and its progression to NASH, thereby contributing to the global NAFLD epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluigi Mazzoccoli
- Division of Internal Medicine and Chronobiology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Salvatore De Cosmo
- Division of Internal Medicine and Chronobiology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Tommaso Mazza
- Bioinformatics Unit, IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
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33
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Chen Y, Yousaf MN, Mehal WZ. Role of sterile inflammation in fatty liver diseases. LIVER RESEARCH 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livres.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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34
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Yang Z, Kim H, Ali A, Zheng Z, Zhang K. Interaction between stress responses and circadian metabolism in metabolic disease. LIVER RESEARCH 2017; 1:156-162. [PMID: 29430321 PMCID: PMC5805151 DOI: 10.1016/j.livres.2017.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms play crucial roles in orchestrating diverse physiological processes that are critical for health and disease. Dysregulated circadian rhythms are closely associated with various human metabolic diseases, including type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Modern lifestyles are frequently associated with an irregular circadian rhythm, which poses a significant risk to public health. While the central clock has a set periodicity, circadian oscillators in peripheral organs, particularly in the liver, can be entrained by metabolic alterations or stress cues. At the molecular level, the signal transduction pathways that mediate stress responses interact with, and are often integrated with, the key determinants of circadian oscillation, to maintain metabolic homeostasis under physiological or pathological conditions. In the liver, a number of nuclear receptors or transcriptional regulators, which are regulated by metabolites, hormones, the circadian clock, or environmental stressors, serve as direct links between stress responses and circadian metabolism. In this review, we summarize recent advances in the understanding of the interactions between stress responses (the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response, the oxidative stress response, and the inflammatory response) and circadian metabolism, and the role of these interactions in the development of metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Yang
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, MI, USA
| | - Hyunbae Kim
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, MI, USA
| | - Arushana Ali
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, MI, USA
| | - Ze Zheng
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, MI, USA
| | - Kezhong Zhang
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, MI, USA,Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Biochemistry, Wayne State University, MI, USA,Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA,Corresponding author. Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA. (K. Zhang)
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Abstract
The molecular clockwork drives rhythmic oscillations of signaling pathways managing intermediate metabolism; the circadian timing system synchronizes behavioral cycles and anabolic/catabolic processes with environmental cues, mainly represented by light/darkness alternation. Metabolic pathways, bile acid synthesis, and autophagic and immune/inflammatory processes are driven by the biological clock. Proper timing of hormone secretion, metabolism, bile acid turnover, autophagy, and inflammation with behavioral cycles is necessary to avoid dysmetabolism. Disruption of the biological clock and mistiming of body rhythmicity with respect to environmental cues provoke loss of internal synchronization and metabolic derangements, causing liver steatosis, obesity, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Tarquini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Florence, Viale Gaetano Pieraccini, 6, 50139, Florence, Italy; Inter-institutional Department for Continuity of Care of Empoli, School of Medicine, University of Florence, Viale Gaetano Pieraccini, 6, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Mazzoccoli
- Chronobiology Unit, Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", Cappuccini Avenue, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia 71013, Italy.
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De Cosmo S, Mazzoccoli G. Retinoid X Receptors Intersect the Molecular Clockwork in the Regulation of Liver Metabolism. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2017; 8:24. [PMID: 28243223 PMCID: PMC5303745 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2017.00024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver metabolic pathways are driven by the biological clock, and appropriate timing of 24-h patterns of metabolic gene expression as well as anabolic/catabolic processes with wake-related activity/feeding and sleep-related resting/fasting cycles preserves hepatic healthiness. The interplay among the liver metabolic pathways and the molecular clockwork is geared by the nuclear receptors, and ligand-dependent transcription factors that gauge the cellular nutritional status and redox balance, bind hormones and metabolites, and modulate the transcription of thousands target genes through their DNA-binding domain. Several nuclear receptors in the liver oscillate with circadian rhythmicity, and among these, the retinoid X receptors play a key role in metabolism regulation, intersecting with the cogs of the molecular clockwork.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore De Cosmo
- Department of Medical Sciences, Division of Internal Medicine and Chronobiology Unit, IRCCS “Ospedale Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Mazzoccoli
- Department of Medical Sciences, Division of Internal Medicine and Chronobiology Unit, IRCCS “Ospedale Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
- *Correspondence: Gianluigi Mazzoccoli,
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Lee J, Kim Y, Friso S, Choi SW. Epigenetics in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Mol Aspects Med 2016; 54:78-88. [PMID: 27889327 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2016.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a common hepatic disorder ranging from simple steatosis through steatohepatitis to fibrosis and cirrhosis, is an emerging health concern. NAFLD is a pathologic condition characterized by the buildup of extra fat in liver cells that is not caused by alcohol consumption. Excess hepatic fat accumulation results from increased delivery of triglycerides (TG) to the liver or conversion of surplus carbohydrates to TG. Importantly, a subgroup of NAFLD results in hepatocellular injury and inflammation, which is referred to as non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and may progress to irreversible cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). NAFLD shares, in part, the common pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome including obesity, hyperlipidemia, insulin resistance, mitochondrial damage, oxidative stress response, and the release of inflammatory cytokines. Epigenetics, an inheritable phenomenon that affects gene expression without altering the DNA sequence, provides a new perspective on the pathogenesis of NAFLD. Reversible epigenetic changes take place at the transcriptional level and provide a phenotypic connection between the host and environment. An accumulating body of evidence suggests the importance of epigenetic roles in NAFLD, which in turn can be identified as potential therapeutic targets and non-invasive biomarkers of NAFLD. It is anticipated that the epigenetic modifiers in NAFLD may provide novel molecular indicators that can determine not only the initial risk but also the disease progression and prognosis. In the present review, we update the roles of epigenetics as pathologic mechanisms, therapeutic targets and biomarkers in NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jooho Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University of Medicine and Science, Seongnam, 13496, South Korea
| | - Yuri Kim
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, South Korea
| | - Simonetta Friso
- University of Verona School of Medicine, Verona, 37134, Italy
| | - Sang-Woon Choi
- Chaum Life Center, CHA University of Medicine and Science, Seoul, 06062, South Korea.
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Soronen J, Yki-Järvinen H, Zhou Y, Sädevirta S, Sarin AP, Leivonen M, Sevastianova K, Perttilä J, Laurila PP, Sigruener A, Schmitz G, Olkkonen VM. Novel hepatic microRNAs upregulated in human nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Physiol Rep 2016; 4:4/1/e12661. [PMID: 26733244 PMCID: PMC4760405 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.12661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) control gene expression by reducing mRNA stability and translation. We aimed to identify alterations in human liver miRNA expression/function in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Subjects with the highest (median liver fat 30%, n = 15) and lowest (0%, n = 15) liver fat content were selected from >100 obese patients for miRNA profiling of liver biopsies on microarrays carrying probes for 1438 human miRNAs (a cross‐sectional study). Target mRNAs and pathways were predicted for the miRNAs most significantly upregulated in NAFLD, their cell‐type‐specific expression was investigated by quantitative PCR (qPCR), and the transcriptome of immortalized human hepatocytes (IHH) transfected with the miRNA with the highest number of predicted targets, miR‐576‐5p, was studied. The screen revealed 42 miRNAs up‐ and two downregulated in the NAFLD as compared to non‐NAFLD liver. The miRNAs differing most significantly between the groups, miR‐103a‐2*, miR‐106b, miR‐576‐5p, miRPlus‐I137*, miR‐892a, miR‐1282, miR‐3663‐5p, and miR‐3924, were all upregulated in NAFLD liver. Target pathways predicted for these miRNAs included ones involved in cancer, metabolic regulation, insulin signaling, and inflammation. Consistent transcriptome changes were observed in IHH transfected with miR‐576‐5p, and western analysis revealed a marked reduction of the RAC1 protein belonging to several miR‐576‐5p target pathways. To conclude, we identified 44 miRNAs differentially expressed in NAFLD versus non‐NAFLD liver, 42 of these being novel in the context of NAFLD. The study demonstrates that by applying a novel study set‐up and a broad‐coverage array platform one can reveal a wealth of previously undiscovered miRNA dysregulation in metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarkko Soronen
- Genomics and Biomarkers Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare Biomedicum, Helsinki, Finland Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hannele Yki-Järvinen
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - You Zhou
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sanja Sädevirta
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Antti-Pekka Sarin
- Genomics and Biomarkers Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare Biomedicum, Helsinki, Finland Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland FIMM, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marja Leivonen
- Department of Surgery, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ksenia Sevastianova
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Julia Perttilä
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pirkka-Pekka Laurila
- Genomics and Biomarkers Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare Biomedicum, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Alexander Sigruener
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Regensburg University Medical Center, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Gerd Schmitz
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Regensburg University Medical Center, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Vesa M Olkkonen
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland Institute of Biomedicine, Anatomy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Fleet T, Stashi E, Zhu B, Rajapakshe K, Marcelo KL, Kettner NM, Gorman BK, Coarfa C, Fu L, O'Malley BW, York B. Genetic and Environmental Models of Circadian Disruption Link SRC-2 Function to Hepatic Pathology. J Biol Rhythms 2016; 31:443-60. [PMID: 27432117 DOI: 10.1177/0748730416657921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Circadian rhythmicity is a fundamental process that synchronizes behavioral cues with metabolic homeostasis. Disruption of daily cycles due to jet lag or shift work results in severe physiological consequences including advanced aging, metabolic syndrome, and even cancer. Our understanding of the molecular clock, which is regulated by intricate positive feedforward and negative feedback loops, has expanded to include an important metabolic transcriptional coregulator, Steroid Receptor Coactivator-2 (SRC-2), that regulates both the central clock of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) and peripheral clocks including the liver. We hypothesized that an environmental uncoupling of the light-dark phases, termed chronic circadian disruption (CCD), would lead to pathology similar to the genetic circadian disruption observed with loss of SRC-2 We found that CCD and ablation of SRC-2 in mice led to a common comorbidity of metabolic syndrome also found in humans with circadian disruption, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The combination of SRC-2(-/-) and CCD results in a more robust phenotype that correlates with human non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) gene signatures. Either CCD or SRC-2 ablation produces an advanced aging phenotype leading to increased mortality consistent with other circadian mutant mouse models. Collectively, our studies demonstrate that SRC-2 provides an essential link between the behavioral activities influenced by light cues and the metabolic homeostasis maintained by the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany Fleet
- Interdepartmental Department in Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Erin Stashi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Bokai Zhu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Kimal Rajapakshe
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Kathrina L Marcelo
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Nicole M Kettner
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Blythe K Gorman
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas Weill Medical College, Cornell University, New York, New York
| | - Cristian Coarfa
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Loning Fu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Bert W O'Malley
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Brian York
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
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Palmieri O, Mazzoccoli G, Bossa F, Maglietta R, Palumbo O, Ancona N, Corritore G, Latiano T, Martino G, Rubino R, Biscaglia G, Scimeca D, Carella M, Annese V, Andriulli A, Latiano A. Systematic analysis of circadian genes using genome-wide cDNA microarrays in the inflammatory bowel disease transcriptome. Chronobiol Int 2016; 32:903-16. [PMID: 26172092 DOI: 10.3109/07420528.2015.1050726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Simultaneous analysis of the transcripts of thousands of genes by cDNA microarrays allows the identification of genetic regulatory mechanisms involved in disease pathophysiology. The circadian clock circuitry controls essential cell processes and the functioning of organ systems, which are characterized by rhythmic variations with 24-hour periodicity. The derangement of these processes is involved in the basic mechanisms of inflammatory, metabolic, degenerative and neoplastic diseases. We evaluated by genome-wide cDNA microarray analysis the transcriptome of endoscopic mucosal biopsies of patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) focusing on the expression of circadian genes in Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). Twenty-nine IBD patients (15 with CD and 14 with UC) were enrolled and mucosal biopsies were sampled at either inflamed or adjacent non-inflamed areas of the colon. A total of 150 circadian genes involved in pathways controlling crucial cell processes and tissue functions were investigated. In CD specimens 50 genes were differentially expressed, and 21 genes resulted up-regulated when compared to healthy colonic mucosa. In UC specimens 50 genes were differentially expressed, and 27 genes resulted up-regulated when compared to healthy colonic mucosa. Among the core clock genes ARNTL2 and RORA were up-regulated, while CSNK2B, NPAS2, PER1 and PER3 were down-regulated in CD specimens. Conversely, ARNTL2, CRY1, CSNK1E, RORA and TIPIN were up-regulated, while NR1D2 and PER3 were down-regulated in UC. In conclusion, in CD and UC patients there are differences in the expression of circadian genes between normal and diseased intestinal mucosa. The deregulated genes evidenced by transcriptome analysis in the major IBDs may play a crucial role in the pathophysiological mechanisms and may suggest novel therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orazio Palmieri
- a Department of Medical Sciences , Division of Gastroenterology and
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Bruce KD, Szczepankiewicz D, Sihota KK, Ravindraanandan M, Thomas H, Lillycrop KA, Burdge GC, Hanson MA, Byrne CD, Cagampang FR. Altered cellular redox status, sirtuin abundance and clock gene expression in a mouse model of developmentally primed NASH. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2016; 1861:584-93. [PMID: 27040510 PMCID: PMC4874946 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2016.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Revised: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background We have previously shown that high fat (HF) feeding during pregnancy primes the development of non-alcoholic steatohepatits (NASH) in the adult offspring. However, the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Aims Since the endogenous molecular clock can regulate hepatic lipid metabolism, we investigated whether exposure to a HF diet during development could alter hepatic clock gene expression and contribute to NASH onset in later life. Methods Female mice were fed either a control (C, 7% kcal fat) or HF (45% kcal fat) diet. Offspring were fed either a C or HF diet resulting in four offspring groups: C/C, C/HF, HF/C and HF/HF. NAFLD progression, cellular redox status, sirtuin expression (Sirt1, Sirt3), and the expression of core clock genes (Clock, Bmal1, Per2, Cry2) and clock-controlled genes involved in lipid metabolism (Rev-Erbα, Rev-Erbβ, RORα, and Srebp1c) were measured in offspring livers. Results Offspring fed a HF diet developed NAFLD. However HF fed offspring of mothers fed a HF diet developed NASH, coupled with significantly reduced NAD+/NADH (p < 0.05, HF/HF vs C/C), Sirt1 (p < 0.001, HF/HF vs C/C), Sirt3 (p < 0.01, HF/HF vs C/C), perturbed clock gene expression, and elevated expression of genes involved lipid metabolism, such as Srebp1c (p < 0.05, C/HF and HF/HF vs C/C). Conclusion Our results suggest that exposure to excess dietary fat during early and post-natal life increases the susceptibility to develop NASH in adulthood, involving altered cellular redox status, reduced sirtuin abundance, and desynchronized clock gene expression. Offspring of mothers fed a high fat diet show severe fatty liver in later life. HF feeding is associated with altered cellular redox status and reduced sirtuin gene expression. HF feeding desynchronises the expression of core clock genes and lipogenic transcription factors. Exposure to a HF diet during development causes changes in liver metabolism that precede severe fatty liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberley D Bruce
- Institute of Developmental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK; University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Aurora, USA.
| | - Dawid Szczepankiewicz
- Poznań University of Life Sciences, Department of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Poznań, Poland
| | - Kiran K Sihota
- Institute of Developmental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - Manoj Ravindraanandan
- Institute of Developmental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - Hugh Thomas
- Institute of Developmental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - Karen A Lillycrop
- Centre for Biological Sciences, Institute of Developmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Graham C Burdge
- Institute of Developmental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - Mark A Hanson
- Institute of Developmental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - Christopher D Byrne
- Institute of Developmental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - Felino R Cagampang
- Institute of Developmental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
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Tahara Y, Shibata S. Circadian rhythms of liver physiology and disease: experimental and clinical evidence. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2016; 13:217-26. [PMID: 26907879 DOI: 10.1038/nrgastro.2016.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The circadian clock system consists of a central clock located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus in the hypothalamus and peripheral clocks in peripheral tissues. Peripheral clocks in the liver have fundamental roles in maintaining liver homeostasis, including the regulation of energy metabolism and the expression of enzymes controlling the absorption and metabolism of xenobiotics. Over the past two decades, research has investigated the molecular mechanisms linking circadian clock genes with the regulation of hepatic physiological functions, using global clock-gene-knockout mice, or mice with liver-specific knockout of clock genes or clock-controlled genes. Clock dysfunction accelerates the development of liver diseases such as fatty liver diseases, cirrhosis, hepatitis and liver cancer, and these disorders also disrupt clock function. Food is an important regulator of circadian clocks in peripheral tissues. Thus, controlling the timing of food consumption and food composition, a concept known as chrononutrition, is one area of active research to aid recovery from many physiological dysfunctions. In this Review, we focus on the molecular mechanisms of hepatic circadian gene regulation and the relationships between hepatic circadian clock systems and liver physiology and disease. We concentrate on experimental data obtained from cell or mice and rat models and discuss how these findings translate into clinical research, and we highlight the latest developments in chrononutritional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Tahara
- Waseda Institute for Advanced Study, Waseda University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8480, Japan
| | - Shigenobu Shibata
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Wakamatsu-cho 2-2, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8480, Japan
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Vinciguerra M, Mazzoccoli G. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor-fibroblast growth factor 21 dissociation of fatty liver from insulin resistance: A timely matter? Hepatology 2016; 63:1396-7. [PMID: 26109218 DOI: 10.1002/hep.27958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Manlio Vinciguerra
- Department of Medical Sciences, Division of Internal Medicine, IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza" Hospital, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy.,Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, Royal Free Hospital, University College London, London, UK
| | - Gianluigi Mazzoccoli
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, Royal Free Hospital, University College London, London, UK
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Ballestri S, Nascimbeni F, Romagnoli D, Baldelli E, Lonardo A. The Role of Nuclear Receptors in the Pathophysiology, Natural Course, and Drug Treatment of NAFLD in Humans. Adv Ther 2016; 33:291-319. [PMID: 26921205 DOI: 10.1007/s12325-016-0306-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) describes steatosis, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis with or without fibrosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma, namely the entire alcohol-like spectrum of liver disease though observed in the nonalcoholic, dysmetabolic, individual free of competing causes of liver disease. NAFLD, which is a major public health issue, exhibits intrahepatic triglyceride storage giving rise to lipotoxicity. Nuclear receptors (NRs) are transcriptional factors which, activated by ligands, are master regulators of metabolism and also have intricate connections with circadian control accounting for cyclical patterns in the metabolic fate of nutrients. Several transcription factors, such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors, liver X receptors, farnesoid X receptors, and their molecular cascades, finely regulate energetic fluxes and metabolic pathways. Dysregulation of such pathways is heavily implicated in those metabolic derangements characterizing insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome and in the histogenesis of progressive NAFLD forms. We review the role of selected NRs in NAFLD pathogenesis. Secondly, we analyze the role of NRs in the natural history of human NAFLD. Next, we discuss the results observed in humans following administration of drug agonists or antagonists of the NRs pathogenically involved in NAFLD. Finally, general principles of treatment and lines of research in human NAFLD are briefly examined.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fabio Nascimbeni
- NOCSAE, Outpatient Liver Clinic and Operating Unit Internal Medicine, Azienda USL Modena, Modena, Italy
- University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Dante Romagnoli
- NOCSAE, Outpatient Liver Clinic and Operating Unit Internal Medicine, Azienda USL Modena, Modena, Italy
| | | | - Amedeo Lonardo
- NOCSAE, Outpatient Liver Clinic and Operating Unit Internal Medicine, Azienda USL Modena, Modena, Italy.
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Zhou D, Wang Y, Chen L, Jia L, Yuan J, Sun M, Zhang W, Wang P, Zuo J, Xu Z, Luan J. Evolving roles of circadian rhythms in liver homeostasis and pathology. Oncotarget 2016; 7:8625-39. [PMID: 26843619 PMCID: PMC4890992 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Circadian clock in mammals is determined by a core oscillator in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus and synchronized peripheral clocks in other tissues. The coherent timing systems could sustain robust output of circadian rhythms in response to the entrainment controlled environmentally. Disparate approaches have discovered that clock genes and clock-controlled genes (CCGs) exist in nearly all mammalian cell types and are essential for establishing the mechanisms and complexity of internal time-keeping systems. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that the control of homeostasis and pathology in the liver involves intricate loops of transcriptional and post-translational regulation of clock genes expression. This review will focus on the recent advances with great importance concerning clock rhythms linking liver homeostasis and diseases. We particularly highlight what is currently known of the evolving insights into the mechanisms underlying circadian clock . Eventually , findings during recent years in the field might prompt new circadian-related chronotherapeutic strategies for the diagnosis and treatment of liver diseases by coupling these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dexi Zhou
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China
- Department of Pharmacy in Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Yaqin Wang
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China
- Department of Pharmacy in Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Lu Chen
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China
- Department of Pharmacy in Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Leijuan Jia
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China
- Department of Pharmacy in Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Jie Yuan
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China
- Department of Pharmacy in Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Mei Sun
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China
- Department of Pharmacy in Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China
- Department of Pharmacy in Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Peipei Wang
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China
- Department of Pharmacy in Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Jian Zuo
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China
- Department of Pharmacy in Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Zhenyu Xu
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China
- Department of Pharmacy in Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Jiajie Luan
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China
- Department of Pharmacy in Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China
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46
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Sabath E, Báez-Ruiz A, Buijs RM. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease as a consequence of autonomic imbalance and circadian desynchronization. Obes Rev 2015. [PMID: 26214605 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The circadian system, headed by the suprachiasmatic nucleus, synchronizes behaviour and metabolism according to the external light-dark cycle through neuroendocrine and autonomic signals. Metabolic diseases, such as steatosis, obesity and glucose intolerance, have been associated with conditions of circadian misalignment wherein the feeding schedule has been moved to the resting phase. Here we describe the physiological processes involved in liver lipid accumulation and show how they follow a circadian pattern importantly regulated by both the autonomic nervous system and the feeding-fasting cycle. We propose that an unbalanced activity of the sympathetic-parasympathetic branches between organs induced by circadian misalignment provides the conditions for the development and progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Sabath
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Institute for Biomedical Research, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - A Báez-Ruiz
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Institute for Biomedical Research, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - R M Buijs
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Institute for Biomedical Research, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
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47
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Liu N, Mu H, Liang CD, Zheng JM, Zhang J. Effect of norepinephrine on expression of leptin and leptin receptor in hepatic stellate cells. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2015; 23:1052-1058. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v23.i7.1052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the effect of sympathetic neurotransmitter norepinephrine (NE) on the expression of leptin and leptin receptor in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) in vitro.
METHODS: Different concentrations of NE were applied on HSCs for 24, 48 or 72 h. Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) in activated HSCs. Western blot was used to detect the expression of leptin and soluble leptin receptor (sOB-R) proteins. Real-time PCR was used to examine the effect of NE on mRNA expression of leptin and sOB-R in HSCs.
RESULTS: Immunohistochemistry results showed that after 1, 10, or 100 μmol/L NE was used on HSCs, the expression of α-SMA increased significantly at 24 h (14.1 ± 4.4, 17.5 ± 5.2, 19.8 ± 4.1 vs 11.3 ± 4.5; P < 0.05), suggesting that NE could activate HSCs and promote their proliferation. When 10 μmol/L NE was applied for 24, 48 or 72 h, α-SMA expression gradually increased (17.5 ± 5.2; 18.5 ± 5.4; 19.2 ± 6.2, P < 0.05), indicating that NE induced HSC proliferation in a time-dependent manner. Western blot analysis showed that leptin protein expression was significantly higher in HSCs after treatment with 1, 10 and 100 μmol/L NE for 24 h compared with the control group (1.54 ± 0.08, 2.72 ± 0.09, 2.84 ± 0.18 vs 0.85 ± 0.12, P < 0.05); the expression of leptin receptor protein was also significantly higher than that in the control group (1.57 ± 0.18, 2.51 ± 0.17, 2.89 ± 0.19 vs 0.98 ± 0.15, P < 0.05). Real-time PCR was used to detect mRNA expression of leptin and leptin receptor, and the results showed that leptin mRNA expression was significantly higher than that in the control group (1.51 ± 0.08, 2.58 ± 0.09, 3.63 ± 0.12 vs 1.00 ± 0.07, P < 0.05); the expression of leptin receptor mRNA was also significantly higher than that in the control group (1.71 ± 0.08, 2.87 ± 0.10, 4.01 ± 0.14 vs 1.00 ± 0.08, P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION: The sympathetic neurotransmitter NE plays a role in the process of liver fibrosis possibly by promoting leptin and sOB-R expression in activated HSCs.
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48
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Mazzoccoli G, Mazza T, Vinciguerra M, Castellana S, Scarpa M. The biological clock and the molecular basis of lysosomal storage diseases. JIMD Rep 2015; 18:93-105. [PMID: 25583520 DOI: 10.1007/8904_2014_354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Revised: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The lysosomal storage disorders encompass nearly fifty diseases provoked by lack or deficiency of enzymes essential for the breakdown of complex molecules and hallmarked by accumulation in the lysosomes of metabolic residues. Histochemistry and cytochemistry studies evidenced patterns of circadian variation of the lysosomal marker enzymes, suggesting that lysosomal function oscillates rhythmically during the 24-h day. The circadian rhythmicity of cellular processes is driven by the biological clock ticking through transcriptional/translational feedback loops hardwired by circadian genes and proteins. Malfunction of the molecular clockwork may provoke severe deregulation of downstream gene expression regulating a complex array of cellular functions leading to anatomical and functional changes. In this review we highlight that all the genes mutated in lysosomal storage disorders encode circadian transcripts suggesting a direct participation of the biological clock in the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying cellular and tissue derangements hallmarking these hereditary diseases. The 24-h periodicity of oscillation of gene transcription and translation could lead in physiological conditions to circadian rhythmicity of fluctuation of enzyme levels and activity, so that gene transfer could be envisaged to reproduce 24-h periodicity of variation of enzymatic dynamics and circadian rhythmicity could have an impact on the schedule of enzyme replacement therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluigi Mazzoccoli
- Division of Internal Medicine and Chronobiology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, IRCCS Scientific Institute and Regional General Hospital "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", S.Giovanni Rotondo, (FG), Italy,
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Machado MV, Cortez-Pinto H. Nuclear receptors: how do they position in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease treatment? Liver Int 2014; 34:1291-4. [PMID: 24766162 DOI: 10.1111/liv.12578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mariana V Machado
- Departamento de Gastrenterologia, Hospital Santa Maria, CHLN, Lisbon, Portugal; Unidade de Nutrição e Metabolismo, Faculdade de Medicina de Lisboa, IMM, Lisbon, Portugal
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50
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Epigenetic mechanisms underlying the link between non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases and nutrition. Nutrients 2014; 6:3303-25. [PMID: 25195642 PMCID: PMC4145310 DOI: 10.3390/nu6083303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Revised: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is defined as a pathologic accumulation of fat in the form of triglycerides (TG) in the liver (steatosis) that is not caused by alcohol. A subgroup of NAFLD patients shows liver cell injury and inflammation coupled with the excessive fat accumulation (steatohepatitis), which is referred to as non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Patients with NASH may develop cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). NAFLD shares the key features of metabolic syndrome including obesity, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and insulin resistance. The pathogenesis of NAFLD is multi-factorial, however the oxidative stress seems to plays a major role in the development and progression of the disease. The emerging field of epigenetics provides a new perspective on the pathogenesis of NAFLD. Epigenetics is an inheritable but reversible phenomenon that affects gene expression without altering the DNA sequence and refers to DNA methylation, histone modifications and microRNAs. Epigenetic manipulation through metabolic pathways such as one-carbon metabolism has been proposed as a promising approach to retard the progression of NAFLD. Investigating the epigenetic modifiers in NAFLD may also lead to the development of preventive or therapeutic strategies for NASH-associated complications.
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