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Naughton I, Tsutsui ND, Ward PS, Holway DA. An assemblage-level comparison of genetic diversity and population genetic structure between island and mainland ant populations. Evolution 2024; 78:1685-1698. [PMID: 38981009 DOI: 10.1093/evolut/qpae103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Island biotas provide unparalleled opportunities to examine evolutionary processes. Founder effects and bottlenecks, e.g., typically decrease genetic diversity in island populations, while selection for reduced dispersal can increase population structure. Given that support for these generalities mostly comes from single-species analyses, assemblage-level comparisons are needed to clarify how (i) colonization affects the gene pools of interacting insular organisms, and (ii) patterns of genetic differentiation vary within assemblages of organisms. Here, we use genome-wide sequence data from ultraconserved elements (UCEs) to compare the genetic diversity and population structure of mainland and island populations of nine ant species in coastal southern California. As expected, island populations (from Santa Cruz Island) had lower expected heterozygosity and Watterson's theta compared to mainland populations (from the Lompoc Valley). Island populations, however, exhibited smaller genetic distances among samples, indicating less population subdivision. Within the focal assemblage, pairwise Fst values revealed pronounced interspecific variation in mainland-island differentiation, which increases with gyne body size. Our results reveal population differences across an assemblage of interacting species and illuminate general patterns of insularization in ants. Compared to single-species studies, our analysis of nine conspecific population pairs from the same island-mainland system offers a powerful approach to studying fundamental evolutionary processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Naughton
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Neil D Tsutsui
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Philip S Ward
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - David A Holway
- Department of Ecology, Behavior, and Evolution, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
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2
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Suárez-Santiago VN, Provan J, Romero-García AT, Ben-Menni Schuler S. Genetic Diversity and Phylogeography of the Relict Tree Fern Culcita macrocarpa: Influence of Clonality and Breeding System on Genetic Variation. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1587. [PMID: 38931019 PMCID: PMC11207926 DOI: 10.3390/plants13121587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
The tree fern Culcita macrocarpa, a threatened Iberian-Macaronesian endemism, represents the sole European species of the order Cyatheales. Considered a Tertiary relict of European Palaeotropical flora, its evolutionary history and genetic diversity, potentially influenced by presumed high clonal propagation, remain largely unknown. This study elucidates the phylogeographic history of C. macrocarpa, assessing the impact of vegetative reproduction on population dynamics and genetic variability. We provide genetic data from eight newly identified nuclear microsatellite loci and one plastid DNA region for 17 populations spanning the species' range, together with species distribution modeling data. Microsatellites reveal pervasive clonality in C. macrocarpa, which has varied among populations. We assess the impact of clonality on genetic diversity and evaluate how estimates of intra-population genetic diversity indices and genetic structuring are affected by the chosen definition of "individual" (focusing exclusively on genetically distinct individuals, genets, as opposed to considering all independent clonal replicates, ramets). We identify two main population groups, one in the northern Iberian Peninsula and the other in the Macaronesian archipelagos and southern Iberian Peninsula. Within each group, we found relict populations (in the Azores and the Cantabrian Cornice) as well as recent originated populations. This population structure suggests colonization dynamics in which recent populations originated from one or a few genets of relict populations and became established through intra-gametophytic self-fertilization and vegetative expansion. DAPC analysis facilitated the identification of alleles that most significantly contributed to the observed population structure. The current Andalusian populations appear to have originated from colonization events from the Azores and the Cantabrian Cornice. Our findings suggest that C. macrocarpa persisted through the Last Glacial Maximum in two refugia: the Azores and the Cantabrian Cornice. Colonization into new areas occurred presumably from these refuges, generating two large population groups with structured genetic diversity. This study underscores the significance of clonality in establishing new populations and shaping genetic structure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jim Provan
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth SY23 3DA, UK
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3
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Franco FF, Amaral DT, Bonatelli IAS, Meek JB, Moraes EM, Zappi DC, Taylor NP, Eaton DAR. A historical stepping-stone path for an island-colonizing cactus across a submerged "bridge" archipelago. Heredity (Edinb) 2024; 132:296-308. [PMID: 38637723 PMCID: PMC11166651 DOI: 10.1038/s41437-024-00683-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Here we use population genomic data (ddRAD-Seq) and ecological niche modeling to test biogeographic hypotheses for the divergence of the island-endemic cactus species Cereus insularis Hemsl. (Cereeae; Cactaceae) from its sister species C. fernambucensis Lem. The Cereus insularis grows in the Fernando de Noronha Islands (FNI), a Neotropical archipelago located 350 km off the Brazilian Atlantic Forest (BAF) coast. Phylogeographic reconstructions support a northward expansion by the common ancestor of C. insularis and C. fernambucensis along the mainland BAF coast, with C. insularis diverging from the widespread mainland taxon C. fernambucensis after colonizing FNI in the late Pleistocene. The morphologically distinct C. insularis is monophyletic and nested within C. fernambucensis, as expected from a progenitor-derivative speciation model. We tested alternative biogeographic and demographic hypotheses for the colonization of the FNI using Approximate Bayesian Computation. We found the greatest support for a stepping-stone path that emerged during periods of decreased sea level (the "bridge" hypothesis), in congruence with historical ecological niche modeling that shows highly suitable habitats on stepping-stone islands during glacial periods. The outlier analyses reveal signatures of selection in C. insularis, suggesting a putative role of adaptation driving rapid anagenic differentiation of this species in FNI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Faria Franco
- Departamento de Biologia. Centro de Ciências Humanas e Biológicas, Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), Sorocaba, Brazil.
| | - Danilo Trabuco Amaral
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC), Santo André, São Paulo, Brazil
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Biologia Comparada. Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Isabel A S Bonatelli
- Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas. Departamento de Ecologia e Biologia Evolutiva, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, SP, Brazil
| | - Jared B Meek
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Evandro Marsola Moraes
- Departamento de Biologia. Centro de Ciências Humanas e Biológicas, Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), Sorocaba, Brazil
| | - Daniela Cristina Zappi
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Botânica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, PO Box 04457, Brasília, DF, 70910970, Brazil
| | - Nigel Paul Taylor
- Departamento de Biologia. Centro de Ciências Humanas e Biológicas, Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), Sorocaba, Brazil
| | - Deren A R Eaton
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
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4
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Yamazaki Y, Kajita T, Takayama K. Spatiotemporal process of long-distance seed dispersal in a pantropically distributed sea hibiscus group. Mol Ecol 2023; 32:1726-1738. [PMID: 36635976 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Long-distance dispersal (LDD) of seeds plays an essential role in the migration of plants to a new habitat and maintaining gene flow among geographically isolated populations. Pantropical plants with sea-drifted seeds, which have one of the largest distributions in all flowering plants, have achieved their global distribution by LDD. However, the spatiotemporal processes to achieve the wide distribution and the role of LDD in it have not yet been elucidated. In this study, we conducted phylogenomic analyses on the plastome, genome-wide nuclear SNP, and low-copy gene data of Hibiscus tiliaceus and its relatives. The dated phylogeny suggested that global expansion started approximately 4 million years ago (Ma), and species diversification occurred 1 Ma. Plastome phylogeny confirmed the nonmonophyly of the haplotypes in the two widely distributed coastal species, H. tiliaceus and H. pernambucensis. In contrast, genome-wide nuclear SNP phylogenies demonstrated clear genetic segregation among species and/or geographical regions. Ancestral polymorphisms in chloroplast genomes shared among widely distributed species have remained below the range of rapid expansion and speciation of marginal populations. This study demonstrated that the LDD of sea-drifted seeds contributed to the rapid expansion and pantropical distribution of sea hibiscus in the last few million years, and adaptation to local environment or isolation by regional effect after LDD promoted speciation, suppressing gene flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Yamazaki
- Department of Botany, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Kyoto, Japan.,Railway Systems Business Unit, Hitachi, Ltd., Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Tadashi Kajita
- Iriomote Station, Tropical Biosphere Research Center, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan.,United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Koji Takayama
- Department of Botany, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Kyoto, Japan
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5
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Kitamura K, Namikawa K, Tsuda Y, Kobayashi M, Matsui T. Possible northern persistence of Siebold's beech, Fagus crenata, at its northernmost distribution limit on an island in Japan Sea: Okushiri Island, Hokkaido. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:990927. [PMID: 36589061 PMCID: PMC9797532 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.990927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Siebold's beech, Fagus crenata, is widely distributed across the Japanese Archipelago and islands in Japan Sea. Similar to the northern limit of the geographical distribution of F. crenata on the mainland of Hokkaido, the northern limit of the distribution of F. crenata on islands in the Japan Sea is observed on Okushiri Island (ca 42°N). To understand the genetic relationships of F. crenata on Okushiri Island, we examined chloroplast (cp) DNA haplotypes and 11 nuclear microsatellite (SSR) loci among 1,838 individuals from 44 populations from Okushiri Island, mainland Hokkaido, and the northern part of the Tohoku region on Honshu Island. We identified 2 cpDNA haplotypes, which represent not only populations on the Japan Sea coast but also those on the Pacific coast and this suggested the Okushiri Island populations might not be formed by single colonization. Genetic diversity of the Okushiri Island populations of nuclear SSR was not lower than the mainland and the STRUCTURE analysis revealed the Okushiri Island individuals were admixed between Hokkaido and Tohoku clusters. Approximate Bayesian computation inferred that divergence between Tohoku and Hokkaido, and admixture between two populations which generated Okushiri populations occurred before the last glacial maximum (LGM), that is, 7,890 (95% hyper probability density (HPD): 3,420 - 9,910) and 3,870 (95% HPD: 431- 8,540) generations ago, respectively. These inferences were well supported by a geological history which suggested an isolation of Okushiri Island from Hokkaido started prior to the Middle Pleistocene. We discuss the possible persistence of F. crenata during the last glacial maximum on northern islands in the Japan Sea such as Okushiri Island.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Kitamura
- Hokkaido Research Centre, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kanji Namikawa
- Biological Laboratory, Hokkaido University of Education, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Tsuda
- Sugadaira Montane Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Ueda, Japan
| | - Makoto Kobayashi
- Department of Education and Culture, Echigo-Matsunoyama Museum of Natural Science, Tokamachi, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Matsui
- Center of Biodiversity and Climate Change, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Tsukuba, Japan
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
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6
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Setsuko S, Sugai K, Tamaki I, Takayama K, Kato H. Contrasting genetic diversity between Planchonella obovata sensu lato (Sapotaceae) on old continental and young oceanic island populations in Japan. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0273871. [PMID: 36054192 PMCID: PMC9439235 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0273871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic diversity of plant populations on islands is likely to be influenced by characteristics such as island origin (oceanic or continental) and their age, size, and distance to continental landmasses. In Japan, Planchonella obovata sensu lato which is found on both continental and oceanic islands of varying age, size, and distance to East Asian continental areas-is an ideal system in which to investigate the factors influencing genetic diversity of island plant species. In this study, we examined the genetic diversity of P. obovata s.l. populations, in the context of the species population genetic structure, demography, and between island migration, from 668 individuals, 28 populations and 14 islands including both continental (the Yaeyama Islands) and oceanic islands (the Daito, Bonin, and Volcano Islands) using 11 microsatellite markers. The Yaeyama and Volcano Islands respectively had the highest and lowest genetic diversity, and island origin and age significantly affected genetic diversity. Clustering analysis revealed that populations were grouped into Bonin, Volcano, and Yaeyama + Daito groups. However, Bonin and Volcano groups were distinct despite the relatively short geographical distance between them. Approximate Bayesian Computation analysis suggested that the population size was stable in Bonin and Yaeyama + Daito groups, whereas population reduction occurred in Volcano group, and migration between groups were very limited. Younger oceanic islands showed lower genetic diversity, probably due to limited gene flow and a lack of time to accumulate unique alleles. Genetic structure was generally consistent with the geographic pattern of the islands, but in Volcano, a limited number of founders and limited gene flow among islands are likely to have caused the large genetic divergence observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzuki Setsuko
- Department of Forest Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Forest Research and Management Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kyoko Sugai
- Institute of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Academic Assembly, Shimane University, Matsue, Shimane, Japan
| | - Ichiro Tamaki
- Gifu Academy of Forest Science and Culture, Mino, Gifu, Japan
| | - Koji Takayama
- Department of Botany, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Kato
- Makino Herbarium, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
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7
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Sousa F, Costa J, Ribeiro C, Varandas M, Pina-Martins F, Simões F, Matos J, Glushkova M, Miguel C, Veloso MM, Oliveira M, Pinto Ricardo C, Batista D, Paulo OS. Population structure in Quercus suber L. revealed by nuclear microsatellite markers. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13565. [PMID: 35729909 PMCID: PMC9206845 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Quercus suber L. is a sclerophyllous tree species native to the western Mediterranean, a region that is considered highly vulnerable to increased temperatures and severe dry conditions due to environmental changes. Understanding the population structure and demographics of Q. suber is essential in order to anticipate whether populations at greater risk and the species as a whole have the genetic background and reproductive dynamics to enable rapid adaptation. The genetic diversity of Q. suber has been subject to different studies using both chloroplast and nuclear data, but population structure patterns remain unclear. Here, we perform genetic analyses on Q. suber using 13 nuclear microsatellite markers, and analysed 17 distinct locations across the entire range of the species. Structure analyses revealed that Q. suber may contain three major genetic clusters that likely result from isolation in refugia combined with posterior admixture and putative introgression from other Quercus species. Our results show a more complex structure scenario than previously inferred for Q. suber using nuclear markers and suggest that different southern populations contain high levels of genetic variation that may contribute to the resilience of Q. suber in a context of environmental change and adaptive pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipe Sousa
- Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, cE3c—Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Joana Costa
- Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, cE3c—Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Lisboa, Portugal,RAIZ, Herdade de Espirra, Pegões, Portugal
| | - Carla Ribeiro
- Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, cE3c—Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Marta Varandas
- Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, I.P. (INIAV), Unidade de Investigação de Biotecnologia e Recursos Genéticos, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Francisco Pina-Martins
- Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, cE3c—Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Lisboa, Portugal,Polytechnic Institute of Setúbal, ESTBarreiro, Setúbal, Portugal
| | - Fernanda Simões
- Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, I.P. (INIAV), Unidade de Investigação de Biotecnologia e Recursos Genéticos, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - José Matos
- Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, I.P. (INIAV), Unidade de Investigação de Biotecnologia e Recursos Genéticos, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Maria Glushkova
- Forest Research Institute of B.A.S., Department of Forest Genetics, Physiology and Plantations, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Célia Miguel
- Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Lisboa, Portugal,iBET, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Maria Manuela Veloso
- Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, I.P. (INIAV), Unidade de Investigação de Biotecnologia e Recursos Genéticos, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Margarida Oliveira
- Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB-NOVA), Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Cândido Pinto Ricardo
- Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB-NOVA), Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Dora Batista
- Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, cE3c—Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Lisboa, Portugal,Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, LEAF—Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food (LEAF), Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Octávio S. Paulo
- Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, cE3c—Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Lisboa, Portugal
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8
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Benítez-Benítez C, Sanz-Arnal M, Urbani M, Jiménez-Mejías P, Martín-Bravo S. Dramatic impact of future climate change on the genetic diversity and distribution of ecologically relevant Western Mediterranean Carex (Cyperaceae). PeerJ 2022; 10:e13464. [PMID: 35669962 PMCID: PMC9165605 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Anticipating the evolutionary responses of species to ongoing climate change is essential to propose effective management and conservation measures. The Western Mediterranean Basin constitutes one of the hotspots of biodiversity where the effects of climate change are expected to be more dramatic. Plant species with ecological relevance constitute ideal models to evaluate and predict the impact of climate change on ecosystems. Here we investigate these impacts through the spatio-temporal comparison of genetic diversity/structure (AFLPs), potential distribution under different future scenarios of climate change, and ecological space in two Western Mediterranean sister species of genus Carex. Both species are ecologically key in their riparian habitats, but display contrasting distribution patterns, with one widespread in the Iberian Peninsula and North Africa (C. reuteriana), while the other (C. panormitana) is a restricted, probably endangered, Central Mediterranean endemic. At present, we found a strong genetic structure driven by geography in both species, and lower values of genetic diversity and a narrower ecological space in C. panormitana than in C. reuteriana, while the allelic rarity was higher in the former than in C. reuteriana subspecies. Future projections predict an overall dramatic reduction of suitable areas for both species under all climate change scenarios, which could be almost total for C. panormitana. In addition, gene diversity was inferred to decrease in all taxa, with genetic structure reinforcing in C. reuteriana by the loss of admixture among populations. Our findings stress the need for a reassessment of C. panormitana conservation status under IUCN Red List criteria and the implementation of conservation measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Benítez-Benítez
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemical Engineering/Botany Area, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - María Sanz-Arnal
- Department of Biology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus Cantoblanco, Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Malvina Urbani
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Sassari, Sardinia, Italy
| | - Pedro Jiménez-Mejías
- Department of Biology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus Cantoblanco, Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Santiago Martín-Bravo
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemical Engineering/Botany Area, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Seville, Spain
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9
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Florencio M, Patiño J, Nogué S, Traveset A, Borges PAV, Schaefer H, Amorim IR, Arnedo M, Ávila SP, Cardoso P, de Nascimento L, Fernández-Palacios JM, Gabriel SI, Gil A, Gonçalves V, Haroun R, Illera JC, López-Darias M, Martínez A, Martins GM, Neto AI, Nogales M, Oromí P, Rando JC, Raposeiro PM, Rigal F, Romeiras MM, Silva L, Valido A, Vanderpoorten A, Vasconcelos R, Santos AMC. Macaronesia as a Fruitful Arena for Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation Biology. Front Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.718169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Research in Macaronesia has led to substantial advances in ecology, evolution and conservation biology. We review the scientific developments achieved in this region, and outline promising research avenues enhancing conservation. Some of these discoveries indicate that the Macaronesian flora and fauna are composed of rather young lineages, not Tertiary relicts, predominantly of European origin. Macaronesia also seems to be an important source region for back-colonisation of continental fringe regions on both sides of the Atlantic. This group of archipelagos (Azores, Madeira, Selvagens, Canary Islands, and Cabo Verde) has been crucial to learn about the particularities of macroecological patterns and interaction networks on islands, providing evidence for the development of the General Dynamic Model of oceanic island biogeography and subsequent updates. However, in addition to exceptionally high richness of endemic species, Macaronesia is also home to a growing number of threatened species, along with invasive alien plants and animals. Several innovative conservation and management actions are in place to protect its biodiversity from these and other drivers of global change. The Macaronesian Islands are a well-suited field of study for island ecology and evolution research, mostly due to its special geological layout with 40 islands grouped within five archipelagos differing in geological age, climate and isolation. A large amount of data is now available for several groups of organisms on and around many of these islands. However, continued efforts should be made toward compiling new information on their biodiversity, to pursue various fruitful research avenues and develop appropriate conservation management tools.
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10
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Roxo G, Moura M, Talhinhas P, Costa JC, Silva L, Vasconcelos R, de Sequeira MM, Romeiras MM. Diversity and Cytogenomic Characterization of Wild Carrots in the Macaronesian Islands. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10091954. [PMID: 34579486 PMCID: PMC8473144 DOI: 10.3390/plants10091954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The Macaronesian islands constitute an enormous reservoir of genetic variation of wild carrots (subtribe Daucinae; Apiaceae), including 10 endemic species, but an accurate understanding of the diversification processes within these islands is still lacking. We conducted a review of the morphology, ecology, and conservation status of the Daucinae species and, on the basis of a comprehensive dataset, we estimated the genome size variation for 16 taxa (around 320 samples) occurring in different habitats across the Macaronesian islands in comparison to mainland specimens. Results showed that taxa with larger genomes (e.g., Daucus crinitus: 2.544 pg) were generally found in mainland regions, while the insular endemic taxa from Azores and Cabo Verde have smaller genomes. Melanoselinum decipiens and Monizia edulis, both endemic to Madeira Island, showed intermediate values. Positive correlations were found between mean genome size and some morphological traits (e.g., spiny or winged fruits) and also with habit (herbaceous or woody). Despite the great morphological variation found within the Cabo Verde endemic species, the 2C-values obtained were quite homogeneous between these taxa and the subspecies of Daucus carota, supporting the close relationship among these taxa. Overall, this study improved the global knowledge of DNA content for Macaronesian endemics and shed light into the mechanisms underpinning diversity patterns of wild carrots in the western Mediterranean region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Roxo
- Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food (LEAF), Instituto Superior de Agronomia (ISA), Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1340-017 Lisbon, Portugal; (G.R.); (P.T.); (J.C.C.)
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Universidade do Porto, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal;
| | - Mónica Moura
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, CIBIO-Azores, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade dos Açores, Rua Mãe de Deus 58, Apartado 1422, 9501-801 Ponta Delgada, Portugal; (M.M.); (L.S.); (M.M.d.S.)
| | - Pedro Talhinhas
- Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food (LEAF), Instituto Superior de Agronomia (ISA), Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1340-017 Lisbon, Portugal; (G.R.); (P.T.); (J.C.C.)
| | - José Carlos Costa
- Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food (LEAF), Instituto Superior de Agronomia (ISA), Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1340-017 Lisbon, Portugal; (G.R.); (P.T.); (J.C.C.)
| | - Luís Silva
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, CIBIO-Azores, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade dos Açores, Rua Mãe de Deus 58, Apartado 1422, 9501-801 Ponta Delgada, Portugal; (M.M.); (L.S.); (M.M.d.S.)
| | - Raquel Vasconcelos
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Universidade do Porto, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal;
| | - Miguel Menezes de Sequeira
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, CIBIO-Azores, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade dos Açores, Rua Mãe de Deus 58, Apartado 1422, 9501-801 Ponta Delgada, Portugal; (M.M.); (L.S.); (M.M.d.S.)
- Madeira Botanical Group, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Madeira, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal
| | - Maria Manuel Romeiras
- Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food (LEAF), Instituto Superior de Agronomia (ISA), Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1340-017 Lisbon, Portugal; (G.R.); (P.T.); (J.C.C.)
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c), Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
- Correspondence:
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11
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Poljak I, Vahčić N, Liber Z, Tumpa K, Pintar V, Zegnal I, Vidaković A, Valković B, Kajba D, Idžojtić M. Morphological and Chemical Diversity and Antioxidant Capacity of the Service Tree ( Sorbus domestica L.) Fruits from Two Eco-Geographical Regions. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10081691. [PMID: 34451736 PMCID: PMC8399663 DOI: 10.3390/plants10081691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Service tree, Sorbus domestica L., is a rare and neglected wild fruit tree species of southern and central Europe. Being distributed in different eco-geographical regions, with fragmented and low-density populations, S. domestica represents an interesting model case for investigating patterns of within- and between-population diversity at geographical and environmental scales. This study aimed to analyze the proximate composition, antioxidant activity, and morphometric fruit characteristics. We examined the diversity and population divergences of 49 S. domestica individuals originating from seven populations across continental and Mediterranean eco-geographical regions. In addition, tests of isolation by distance and environment were performed to detect the magnitude of divergence explained by geographic and environmental variables. Significant differences between the studied populations were found in almost all of the studied morphometric and chemical fruit characteristics. The studied service tree populations were characterized by high phenotypic variation despite the low number of trees per population. Model-based population structure analysis using morphometric and chemical fruit characteristics revealed three groups of service tree populations. We concluded that non-effective pollen and seed dispersal along with genetic drift and specific environmental factors resulted in a distinct phenotype with a specific chemical composition in the isolated island population. In addition, a pattern of isolation by the environment was revealed. We infer that morphological and chemical differences between the studied populations in the true service tree from different eco-geographical regions were mediated by adaptation to the specific environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Poljak
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska Cesta 23, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (K.T.); (A.V.); (D.K.); (M.I.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +385-1-235-2547
| | - Nada Vahčić
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (N.V.); (B.V.)
| | - Zlatko Liber
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Marulićev Trg 9a, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
- Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding, Svetošimunska Cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Katarina Tumpa
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska Cesta 23, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (K.T.); (A.V.); (D.K.); (M.I.)
| | - Valentino Pintar
- Ministry of Economy and Sustainable Development, Institute for Environment and Nature, Nature Sector, Radnička Cesta 80, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Ivana Zegnal
- Croatian Forest Research Institute, Cvjetno Naselje 41, 10450 Jastrebarsko, Croatia;
| | - Antonio Vidaković
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska Cesta 23, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (K.T.); (A.V.); (D.K.); (M.I.)
| | - Bernarda Valković
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (N.V.); (B.V.)
| | - Davorin Kajba
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska Cesta 23, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (K.T.); (A.V.); (D.K.); (M.I.)
| | - Marilena Idžojtić
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska Cesta 23, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (K.T.); (A.V.); (D.K.); (M.I.)
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12
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Albaladejo RG, Martín-Hernanz S, Reyes-Betancort JA, Santos-Guerra A, Olangua-Corral M, Aparicio A. Reconstruction of the spatio-temporal diversification and ecological niche evolution of Helianthemum (Cistaceae) in the Canary Islands using genotyping-by-sequencing data. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2021; 127:597-611. [PMID: 32386290 PMCID: PMC8052925 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcaa090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Several biogeographical models have been proposed to explain the colonization and diversification patterns of Macaronesian lineages. In this study, we calculated the diversification rates and explored what model best explains the current distribution of the 15 species endemic to the Canary Islands belonging to Helianthemum sect. Helianthemum (Cistaceae). METHODS We performed robust phylogenetic reconstructions based on genotyping-by-sequencing data and analysed the timing, biogeographical history and ecological niche conservatism of this endemic Canarian clade. KEY RESULTS Our phylogenetic analyses provided strong support for the monophyly of this clade, and retrieved five lineages not currently restricted to a single island. The pristine colonization event took place in the Pleistocene (~1.82 Ma) via dispersal to Tenerife by a Mediterranean ancestor. CONCLUSIONS The rapid and abundant diversification (0.75-1.85 species per million years) undergone by this Canarian clade seems the result of complex inter-island dispersal events followed by allopatric speciation driven mostly by niche conservatism, i.e. inter-island dispersal towards niches featuring similar environmental conditions. Nevertheless, significant instances of ecological niche shifts have also been observed in some lineages, making an important contribution to the overall diversification history of this clade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael G Albaladejo
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Sara Martín-Hernanz
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
- For correspondence. E-mail
| | - J Alfredo Reyes-Betancort
- Jardín de Aclimatación de la Orotava (Instituto Canario de Investigaciones Agrarias - ICIA), Puerto de la Cruz, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Arnoldo Santos-Guerra
- Jardín de Aclimatación de la Orotava (Instituto Canario de Investigaciones Agrarias - ICIA), Puerto de la Cruz, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - María Olangua-Corral
- Departamento de Biología Reproductiva y Micro-morfología, Jardín Botánico Canario ‘Viera y Clavijo’—Unidad Asociada CSIC (Cabildo de Gran Canaria), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Abelardo Aparicio
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
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Levin RA, Miller JS. Molecular signatures of long-distance oceanic dispersal and the colonization of Pacific islands in Lycium carolinianum. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2021; 108:694-710. [PMID: 33811320 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.1626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE Long-distance dispersal has been important in explaining the present distributions of many plant species. Despite being infrequent, such dispersal events have considerable evolutionary consequences, because bottlenecks during colonization can result in reduced genetic diversity. We examined the phylogeographic history of Lycium carolinianum, a widespread taxon that ranges from southeastern North America to several Pacific islands, with intraspecific diversity in sexual and mating systems. METHODS We used Bayesian, likelihood, and coalescent approaches with nuclear and plastid sequence data and genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms to reconstruct the dispersal history of this species. We also compared patterns of genetic variation in mainland and island populations using single nucleotide polymorphisms and allelic diversity at the S-RNase mating system gene. RESULTS Lycium carolinianum is monophyletic and dispersed once from the North American mainland, colonizing the Pacific islands ca. 40,100 years ago. This dispersal was accompanied by a loss of genetic diversity in SNPs and the S-RNase locus due to a colonization bottleneck and the loss of self-incompatibility. Additionally, we documented at least two independent transitions to gynodioecy: once following the colonization of the Hawaiian Islands and loss of self-incompatibility, and a second time associated with polyploidy in the Yucatán region of Mexico. CONCLUSIONS Long-distance dispersal via fleshy, bird dispersed fruits best explains the unusually widespread distribution of L. carolinianum. The collapse of diversity at the S-RNase locus in island populations suggests that self-fertilization may have facilitated the subsequent colonization of Pacific islands following a single dispersal from mainland North America.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel A Levin
- Department of Biology, Amherst College, Amherst, Massachusetts, 01002, USA
| | - Jill S Miller
- Department of Biology, Amherst College, Amherst, Massachusetts, 01002, USA
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14
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Meudt HM, Albach DC, Tanentzap AJ, Igea J, Newmarch SC, Brandt AJ, Lee WG, Tate JA. Polyploidy on Islands: Its Emergence and Importance for Diversification. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:637214. [PMID: 33763097 PMCID: PMC7982887 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.637214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Whole genome duplication or polyploidy is widespread among floras globally, but traditionally has been thought to have played a minor role in the evolution of island biodiversity, based on the low proportion of polyploid taxa present. We investigate five island systems (Juan Fernández, Galápagos, Canary Islands, Hawaiian Islands, and New Zealand) to test whether polyploidy (i) enhances or hinders diversification on islands and (ii) is an intrinsic feature of a lineage or an attribute that emerges in island environments. These island systems are diverse in their origins, geographic and latitudinal distributions, levels of plant species endemism (37% in the Galapagos to 88% in the Hawaiian Islands), and ploidy levels, and taken together are representative of islands more generally. We compiled data for vascular plants and summarized information for each genus on each island system, including the total number of species (native and endemic), generic endemicity, chromosome numbers, genome size, and ploidy levels. Dated phylogenies were used to infer lineage age, number of colonization events, and change in ploidy level relative to the non-island sister lineage. Using phylogenetic path analysis, we then tested how the diversification of endemic lineages varied with the direct and indirect effects of polyploidy (presence of polyploidy, time on island, polyploidization near colonization, colonizer pool size) and other lineage traits not associated with polyploidy (time on island, colonizer pool size, repeat colonization). Diploid and tetraploid were the most common ploidy levels across all islands, with the highest ploidy levels (>8x) recorded for the Canary Islands (12x) and New Zealand (20x). Overall, we found that endemic diversification of our focal island floras was shaped by polyploidy in many cases and certainly others still to be detected considering the lack of data in many lineages. Polyploid speciation on the islands was enhanced by a larger source of potential congeneric colonists and a change in ploidy level compared to overseas sister taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi M Meudt
- Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Dirk C Albach
- Institute of Biology and Environmental Sciences, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Andrew J Tanentzap
- Ecosystems and Global Change Group, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Javier Igea
- Ecosystems and Global Change Group, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Sophie C Newmarch
- School of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | | | - William G Lee
- Manaaki Whenua - Landcare Research, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Jennifer A Tate
- School of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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15
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Brilhante M, Roxo G, Catarino S, dos Santos P, Reyes-Betancort JA, Caujapé-Castells J, Sequeira MM, Talhinhas P, Romeiras MM. Diversification of Aeonium Species Across Macaronesian Archipelagos: Correlations Between Genome-Size Variation and Their Conservation Status. Front Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.607338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The rich endemic flora of the Macaronesian Islands places these oceanic archipelagos among the top biodiversity hotspots worldwide. The radiations that have determined the evolution of many of these insular lineages resulted in a wealth of endemic species, many of which occur in a wide range of ecological niches, but show small distribution areas in each of them. Aeonium (Crassulaceae) is the most speciose lineage in the Canary Islands (ca. 40 taxa), and as such can be considered a good model system to understand the diversification dynamics of oceanic endemic floras. The present study aims to assess the genome size variation within Aeonium distribution, i.e., the Macaronesian archipelagos of Madeira, Canaries and Cabo Verde, and analyse it together with information on distribution (i.e., geography and conservation status), taxonomy (i.e., sections), morphological traits (i.e., growth-form), geological data (i.e., island's geological age), and environmental variables (i.e., altitude, annual mean temperature, and precipitation). Based on extensive fieldwork, a cytogeographic screening of 24 Aeonium species was performed. The conservation status of these species was assessed based on IUCN criteria. 61% of the taxa were found to be threatened (4% Endangered and 57% Vulnerable). For the first time, the genome size of a comprehensive sample of Aeonium across the Macaronesian archipelagos was estimated, and considerable differences in Cx-values were found, ranging from 0.984 pg (A. dodrantale) to 2.768 pg (A. gorgoneum). An overall positive correlation between genome size and conservation status was found, with the more endangered species having the larger genomes on average. However, only slight relationships were found between genome size, morphological traits, and environmental variables. These results underscore the importance of characterizing the cytogenomic diversity and conservation status of endemic plants found in Macaronesian Islands, providing, therefore, new data to establish conservation priorities.
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De Kort H, Prunier JG, Ducatez S, Honnay O, Baguette M, Stevens VM, Blanchet S. Life history, climate and biogeography interactively affect worldwide genetic diversity of plant and animal populations. Nat Commun 2021; 12:516. [PMID: 33483517 PMCID: PMC7822833 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-20958-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding how biological and environmental factors interactively shape the global distribution of plant and animal genetic diversity is fundamental to biodiversity conservation. Genetic diversity measured in local populations (GDP) is correspondingly assumed representative for population fitness and eco-evolutionary dynamics. For 8356 populations across the globe, we report that plants systematically display much lower GDP than animals, and that life history traits shape GDP patterns both directly (animal longevity and size), and indirectly by mediating core-periphery patterns (animal fecundity and plant dispersal). Particularly in some plant groups, peripheral populations can sustain similar GDP as core populations, emphasizing their potential conservation value. We further find surprisingly weak support for general latitudinal GDP trends. Finally, contemporary rather than past climate contributes to the spatial distribution of GDP, suggesting that contemporary environmental changes affect global patterns of GDP. Our findings generate new perspectives for the conservation of genetic resources at worldwide and taxonomic-wide scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- H De Kort
- Plant Conservation and Population Biology, Department of Biology, University of Leuven, Heverlee, Belgium.
| | - J G Prunier
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, SETE Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale, UMR 5321, Moulis, France
| | - S Ducatez
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - O Honnay
- Plant Conservation and Population Biology, Department of Biology, University of Leuven, Heverlee, Belgium
| | - M Baguette
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, SETE Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale, UMR 5321, Moulis, France
- Institut Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), UMR 7205 Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, EPHE, Université des Antilles, Paris, France
| | - V M Stevens
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, SETE Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale, UMR 5321, Moulis, France
| | - S Blanchet
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, SETE Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale, UMR 5321, Moulis, France
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17
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Understanding the genetic diversity of the guayabillo (Psidium galapageium), an endemic plant of the Galapagos Islands. Glob Ecol Conserv 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2020.e01350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
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18
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Mainland and island populations of Mussaenda kwangtungensis differ in their phyllosphere fungal community composition and network structure. Sci Rep 2020; 10:952. [PMID: 31969602 PMCID: PMC6976661 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-57622-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
We compared community composition and co-occurrence patterns of phyllosphere fungi between island and mainland populations within a single plant species (Mussaenda kwangtungensis) using high-throughput sequencing technology. We then used 11 microsatellite loci for host genotyping. The island populations differed significantly from their mainland counterparts in phyllosphere fungal community structure. Topological features of co-occurrence network showed geographic patterns wherein fungal assemblages were less complex, but more modular in island regions than mainland ones. Moreover, fungal interactions and community composition were strongly influenced by the genetic differentiation of host plants. This study may advance our understanding of assembly principles and ecological interactions of phyllosphere fungal communities, as well as improve our ability to optimize fungal utilization for the benefit of people.
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Yu W, Wu B, Wang X, Yao Z, Li Y, Liu Y. Scale-dependent effects of habitat fragmentation on the genetic diversity of Actinidia chinensis populations in China. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2020; 7:172. [PMID: 33082978 PMCID: PMC7553913 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-020-00401-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Spatial scale partly explains the differentiated effects of habitat fragmentation on plant biodiversity, but the mechanisms remain unclear. To investigate the effects of habitat fragmentation on genetic diversity at different scales, we sampled Actinidia chinensis Planch. at broad and fine scales, China. The broad-scale sampling included five mountain populations and one oceanic island population (Zhoushan Archipelago), and the fine-scale sampling covered 11 lake islands and three neighboring land populations in Thousand-Island Lake (TIL). These populations were genotyped at 30 microsatellite loci, and genetic diversity, gene flow, and genetic differentiation were evaluated. Genetic differentiation was positively related to geographical distance at the broad scale, indicating an isolation-by-distance effect of habitat fragmentation on genetic diversity. The oceanic population differed from the mainland populations and experienced recent bottleneck events, but it showed high gene flow with low genetic differentiation from a mountain population connected by the Yangtze River. At the fine scale, no negative genetic effects of habitat fragmentation were found because seed dispersal with water facilitates gene flow between islands. The population size of A. chinensis was positively correlated with the area of TIL islands, supporting island biogeography theory, but no correlation was found between genetic diversity and island area. Our results highlight the scale-dependent effects of habitat fragmentation on genetic diversity and the importance of connectivity between island-like isolated habitats at both the broad and fine scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, 8 Dayangfang, 100012 Beijing, China
| | - Baofeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, 8 Dayangfang, 100012 Beijing, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, 8 Dayangfang, 100012 Beijing, China
| | - Zhi Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, 8 Dayangfang, 100012 Beijing, China
| | - Yonghua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, 8 Dayangfang, 100012 Beijing, China
| | - Yongbo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, 8 Dayangfang, 100012 Beijing, China
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García‐Verdugo C, Illera JC, Traveset A. Characterization of microsatellite markers for the endangered Daphne rodriguezii (Thymelaeaceae) and related species. APPLICATIONS IN PLANT SCIENCES 2019; 7:e11274. [PMID: 31346506 PMCID: PMC6636617 DOI: 10.1002/aps3.11274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE The endangered shrub Daphne rodriguezii (Thymelaeaceae) is endemic to the Balearic island of Menorca, where fragmentation and severe population decline are ongoing threats to this taxon. We developed a set of microsatellite markers to analyze the fine-scale genetics of its few extant populations. METHODS AND RESULTS Fifteen microsatellite markers were obtained through Illumina high-throughput sequencing and tested in two populations. Twelve of these loci showed no evidence of null alleles and were highly polymorphic, with a mean number of 8.3 alleles per locus. Levels of observed and expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.100 to 0.952 and from 0.095 to 0.854, respectively. Seven to nine of these loci were successfully amplified in five other Daphne species. CONCLUSIONS This set of markers provides a useful tool for investigating the factors driving fine-scale population structure in this threatened species, and it represents a novel genetic resource for other European Daphne species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos García‐Verdugo
- Dept. de BiologíaUniversitat de les Illes BalearsCtra. Valldemossa Km 7.5Palma07122Balearic IslandsSpain
- Jardín Botánico Atlántico – Universidad de OviedoAvda. del Jardín Botánico 223033203Gijón/XixónSpain
| | - Juan Carlos Illera
- Research Unit of Biodiversity (UO‐CSIC‐PA)Calle Gonzalo Gutiérrez Quirós s/n33600MieresSpain
| | - Anna Traveset
- IMEDEA (CSIC‐UIB)Mediterranean Institute for Advanced StudiesCalle Miquel Marquès 21Esporles07190Balearic IslandsSpain
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Hamabata T, Kinoshita G, Kurita K, Cao PL, Ito M, Murata J, Komaki Y, Isagi Y, Makino T. Endangered island endemic plants have vulnerable genomes. Commun Biol 2019; 2:244. [PMID: 31263788 PMCID: PMC6597543 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-019-0490-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss of genetic diversity is known to decrease the fitness of species and is a critical factor that increases extinction risk. However, there is little evidence for higher vulnerability and extinction risk in endangered species based on genomic differences between endangered and non-endangered species. This is true even in the case of functional loci, which are more likely to relate to the fitness of species than neutral loci. Here, we compared the genome-wide genetic diversity, proportion of duplicated genes (PD), and accumulation of deleterious variations of endangered island endemic (EIE) plants from four genera with those of their non-endangered (NE) widespread congeners. We focused on exhaustive sequences of expressed genes obtained by RNA sequencing. Most EIE species exhibited significantly lower genetic diversity and PD than NE species. Additionally, all endangered species accumulated deleterious variations. Our findings provide new insights into the genomic traits of EIE species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Hamabata
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578 Japan
| | - Gohta Kinoshita
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Kazuki Kurita
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Ping-Lin Cao
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578 Japan
| | - Motomi Ito
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902 Japan
| | - Jin Murata
- Koishikawa Botanical Garden, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-0001 Japan
| | - Yoshiteru Komaki
- Koishikawa Botanical Garden, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-0001 Japan
| | - Yuji Isagi
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Takashi Makino
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578 Japan
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22
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Garot E, Joët T, Combes MC, Lashermes P. Genetic diversity and population divergences of an indigenous tree (Coffea mauritiana) in Reunion Island: role of climatic and geographical factors. Heredity (Edinb) 2019; 122:833-847. [PMID: 30478354 PMCID: PMC6781115 DOI: 10.1038/s41437-018-0168-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Oceanic islands are commonly considered as natural laboratories for studies on evolution and speciation. The evolutionary specificities of islands associated with species biology provide unique scenarios to study the role of geography and climate in driving population divergence. However, few studies have addressed this subject in small oceanic islands with heterogeneous climates. Being widely distributed in Reunion Island forest, Coffea mauritiana represents an interesting model case for investigating patterns of within-island differentiation at small spatial scale. In this study, we examined the genetic diversity and population divergences of C. mauritiana using SNP markers obtained from 323 individuals across 34 locations in Reunion Island. Using redundancy analysis, we further evaluated the contribution of geographic and climatic factors to shaping genetic divergence among populations. Genetic diversity analyses revealed that accessions clustered according to the source population, with further grouping in regional clusters. Genetic relationships among the regional clusters underlined a recent process of expansion in the form of step-by-step colonization on both sides of the island. Divergence among source populations was mostly driven by the joint effect of geographic distance and climatic heterogeneity. The pattern of isolation-by-geography was in accordance with the dispersal characteristics of the species, while isolation-by-environment was mostly explained by the heterogeneous rainfall patterns, probably associated with an asynchronous flowering among populations. These findings advance our knowledge on the patterns of genetic diversity and factors of population differentiation of species native to Reunion Island, and will also usefully guide forest management for conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edith Garot
- IRD, University of Montpellier, DIADE, Montpellier, France
| | - Thierry Joët
- IRD, University of Montpellier, DIADE, Montpellier, France
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Costanzi J, Steifetten Ø. Island biogeography theory explains the genetic diversity of a fragmented rock ptarmigan ( Lagopus muta) population. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:3837-3849. [PMID: 31015970 PMCID: PMC6468070 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The island biogeography theory is one of the major theories in ecology, and its applicability to natural systems is well documented. The core model of the theory, the equilibrium model of island biogeography, predicts that species diversity on an island is positively related to the size of the island, but negatively related by the island's distance to the mainland. In recent years, ecologists have begun to apply this model when investigating genetic diversity, arguing that genetic and species diversity might be influenced by similar ecological processes. However, most studies have focused on oceanic islands, but knowledge on how the theory applies to islands located on the mainland (e.g., mountain islands, forest islands) is scarce. In this study, we examined how the size and degree of isolation of mountain islands would affect the genetic diversity of an alpine bird, the rock ptarmigan (Lagopus muta). Within our study area, we defined the largest contiguous mountain area as the mainland, while smaller mountains surrounding the mainland were defined as islands. We found that the observed heterozygosity (H o) was significantly higher, and the inbreeding coefficient (F is) significantly lower, on the mainland compared to islands. There was a positive significant relationship between the unbiased expected heterozygosity (H n.b.) and island size (log km2), but a negative significant relationship between H o and the cost distance to the mainland. Our results are consistent with the equilibrium model of island biogeography and show that the model is well suited for investigating genetic diversity among islands, but also on islands located on the mainland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean‐Marc Costanzi
- Department of Natural Sciences and Environmental HealthUniversity of South‐Eastern NorwayBø i TelemarkNorway
| | - Øyvind Steifetten
- Department of Natural Sciences and Environmental HealthUniversity of South‐Eastern NorwayBø i TelemarkNorway
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García-Verdugo C, Caujapé-Castells J, Mairal M, Monroy P. How repeatable is microevolution on islands? Patterns of dispersal and colonization-related plant traits in a phylogeographical context. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2019; 123:557-568. [PMID: 30380011 PMCID: PMC6377097 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcy191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Archipelagos provide a valuable framework for investigating phenotypic evolution under different levels of geographical isolation. Here, we analysed two co-distributed, widespread plant lineages to examine if incipient island differentiation follows parallel patterns of variation in traits related to dispersal and colonization. METHODS Twenty-one populations of two anemochorous Canarian endemics, Kleinia neriifolia and Periploca laevigata, were sampled to represent mainland congeners and two contrasting exposures across all the main islands. Leaf size, seed size and dispersability (estimated as diaspore terminal velocity) were characterized in each population. For comparison, dispersability was also measured in four additional anemochorous island species. Plastid DNA data were used to infer genetic structure and to reconstruct the phylogeographical pattern of our focal species. KEY RESULTS In both lineages, mainland-island phenotypic divergence probably started within a similar time frame (i.e. Plio-Pleistocene). Island colonization implied parallel increases in leaf size and dispersability, but seed size showed opposite patterns of variation between Kleinia and Periploca species pairs. Furthermore, dispersability in our focal species was low when compared with other island plants, mostly due to large diaspore sizes. At the archipelago scale, island exposure explained a significant variation in leaf size across islands, but not in dispersability or seed size. Combined analyses of genetic and phenotypic data revealed two consistent patterns: (1) extensive within-island but very limited among-island dispersal, and (2) recurrent phenotypic differentiation between older (central) and younger (peripheral) island populations. CONCLUSIONS Leaf size follows a more predictable pattern than dispersability, which is affected by stochastic shifts in seed size. Increased dispersability is associated with high population connectivity at the island scale, but does not preclude allopatric divergence among islands. In sum, phenotypic convergent patterns between species suggest a major role of selection, but deviating traits also indicate the potential contribution of random processes, particularly on peripheral islands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos García-Verdugo
- Departamento de Biodiversidad Molecular y Banco de ADN, Jardín Botánico Canario ‘Viera y Clavijo’ – Unidad Asociada CSIC, Cabildo de Gran Canaria, Camino del Palmeral 15 de Tafira Alta, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
- Institut Mediterrani d’Estudis Avançats (CSIC-UIB), C/Miquel Marqués, Esporles, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Juli Caujapé-Castells
- Departamento de Biodiversidad Molecular y Banco de ADN, Jardín Botánico Canario ‘Viera y Clavijo’ – Unidad Asociada CSIC, Cabildo de Gran Canaria, Camino del Palmeral 15 de Tafira Alta, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Mario Mairal
- Department of Botany, Charles University Faculty of Science, Albertov, Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Pedro Monroy
- Departamento de Biodiversidad Molecular y Banco de ADN, Jardín Botánico Canario ‘Viera y Clavijo’ – Unidad Asociada CSIC, Cabildo de Gran Canaria, Camino del Palmeral 15 de Tafira Alta, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
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Islam MR, Li ZZ, Gichira AW, Alam MN, Fu PC, Hu GW, Wang QF, Chen LY. Population Genetics of Calotropis gigantea, a Medicinal and Fiber Resource Plant, as Inferred from Microsatellite Marker Variation in two Native Countries. Biochem Genet 2019; 57:522-539. [PMID: 30734131 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-019-09904-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Calotropis gigantea is well known for its aesthetic, medicinal, pharmacological, fodder, fuel, and fiber production potential. Unfortunately, this plant species is still undomesticated, and the genetic information available for crop improvement is limited. For this study, we sampled 21 natural populations of C. gigantea from two key areas of its natural distribution range (Bangladesh and China) and genotyped 379 individuals using nine nuclear microsatellite markers. Population genetic diversity was higher in Bangladesh than that observed in Chinese populations. Overall, a moderate level of genetic diversity was found (Na = 3.73, HE = 0.466), with most of the genetic variation detected within populations (65.49%) and substantial genetic differentiation (FST = 0.345) between the study regions. We observed a significant correlation between genetic and geographic distances (r = 0.287, P = 0.001). The Bayesian clustering, UPGMA tree, and PCoA analyses yielded three distinct genetic pools, but the number of migrants per generation was high (NM = 0.52-2.78) among them. Our analyses also revealed that some populations may have experienced recent demographic bottlenecks. Our study provides a baseline for exploitation of the genetic resources of C. gigantea in domestication and breeding programs as well as some insights into the germplasm conservation of this valuable plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Rabiul Islam
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Department of Crop Physiology and Ecology, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur, 5200, Bangladesh
| | - Zhi-Zhong Li
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Andrew W Gichira
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Mohammad Nur Alam
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Peng-Cheng Fu
- Life Science College, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, 471934, China
| | - Guang-Wan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Qing-Feng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China.
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China.
| | - Ling-Yun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China.
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China.
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Marrero MV, Oostermeijer G, Nogales M, Van Hengstum T, Saro I, Carqué E, Sosa PA, Bañares Á. Comprehensive population viability study of a rare endemic shrub from the high mountain zone of the Canary Islands and its conservation implications. J Nat Conserv 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnc.2018.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Saro I, García-Verdugo C, González-Pérez MA, Naranjo A, Santana A, Sosa PA. Genetic structure of the Canarian palm tree (Phoenix canariensis) at the island scale: does the 'island within islands' concept apply to species with high colonisation ability? PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2019; 21:101-109. [PMID: 30230155 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Oceanic islands are dynamic settings that often promote within-island patterns of strong population differentiation. Species with high colonisation abilities, however, are less likely to be affected by genetic barriers, but island size may impact on species genetic structure regardless of dispersal ability. The aim of the present study was to identify the patterns and factors responsible for the structure of genetic diversity at the island scale in Phoenix canariensis, a palm species with high dispersal potential. To this end, we conducted extensive population sampling on the three Canary Islands where the species is more abundant and assessed patterns of genetic variation at eight microsatellite loci, considering different within-island scales. Our analyses revealed significant genetic structure on each of the three islands analysed, but the patterns and level of structure differed greatly among islands. Thus, genetic differentiation fitted an isolation-by-distance pattern on islands with high population densities (La Gomera and Gran Canaria), but such a pattern was not found on Tenerife due to strong isolation between colonised areas. In addition, we found a positive correlation between population geographic isolation and fine-scale genetic structure. This study highlights that island size is not necessarily a factor causing strong population differentiation on large islands, whereas high colonisation ability does not always promote genetic connectivity among neighbouring populations. The spatial distribution of populations (i.e. landscape occupancy) can thus be a more important driver of plant genetic structure than other island, or species' life-history attributes.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Saro
- Instituto Universitario de Estudios Ambientales y Recursos Naturales (IUNAT), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - C García-Verdugo
- Departamento de Biodiversidad Molecular y Banco de ADN, Jardín Botánico Canario "Viera y Clavijo"- Unidad Asociada CSIC, Cabildo de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain
- Institut Mediterrani d'Estudis Avançats (CSIC-UIB), Global Change Research Group, Esporles, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - M A González-Pérez
- Instituto Universitario de Estudios Ambientales y Recursos Naturales (IUNAT), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - A Naranjo
- Departamento de Geografía, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - A Santana
- Departamento de Matemáticas, Campus de Tafira, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - P A Sosa
- Instituto Universitario de Estudios Ambientales y Recursos Naturales (IUNAT), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain
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Riley L, McGlaughlin ME, Helenurm K. Limited Genetic Variability in Native Buckwheats (Eriogonum: Polygonaceae) on San Clemente Island. WEST N AM NATURALIST 2018. [DOI: 10.3398/064.078.0413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lynn Riley
- Department of Biology, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD 57069
| | | | - Kaius Helenurm
- Department of Biology, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD 57069
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Mairal M, Caujapé-Castells J, Pellissier L, Jaén-Molina R, Álvarez N, Heuertz M, Sanmartín I. A tale of two forests: ongoing aridification drives population decline and genetic diversity loss at continental scale in Afro-Macaronesian evergreen-forest archipelago endemics. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2018; 122:1005-1017. [PMID: 29905771 PMCID: PMC6266103 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcy107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Various studies and conservationist reports have warned about the contraction of the last subtropical Afro-Macaronesian forests. These relict vegetation zones have been restricted to a few oceanic and continental islands around the edges of Africa, due to aridification. Previous studies on relict species have generally focused on glacial effects on narrow endemics; however, little is known about the effects of aridification on the fates of previously widespread subtropical lineages. METHODS Nuclear microsatellites and ecological niche modelling were used to understand observed patterns of genetic diversity in two emblematic species, widely distributed in these ecosystems: Canarina eminii (a palaeoendemic of the eastern Afromontane forests) and Canarina canariensis (a palaeoendemic of the Canarian laurel forests). The software DIYABC was used to test alternative demographic scenarios and an ensemble method was employed to model potential distributions of the selected plants from the end of the deglaciation to the present. KEY RESULTS All the populations assessed experienced a strong and recent population decline, revealing that locally widespread endemisms may also be alarmingly threatened. CONCLUSIONS The detected extinction debt, as well as the extinction spiral to which these populations are subjected, demands urgent conservation measures for the unique, biodiversity-rich ecosystems that they inhabit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Mairal
- Real Jardín Botánico (RJB), CSIC, Plaza de Murillo, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biodiversidad Molecular y Banco de ADN, Jardín Botánico ‘Viera y Clavijo’ – Unidad Asociada CSIC (Cabildo de Gran Canaria), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Juli Caujapé-Castells
- Departamento de Biodiversidad Molecular y Banco de ADN, Jardín Botánico ‘Viera y Clavijo’ – Unidad Asociada CSIC (Cabildo de Gran Canaria), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Loïc Pellissier
- Landscape Ecology, Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Ruth Jaén-Molina
- Departamento de Biodiversidad Molecular y Banco de ADN, Jardín Botánico ‘Viera y Clavijo’ – Unidad Asociada CSIC (Cabildo de Gran Canaria), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Nadir Álvarez
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Biology, University of Lausanne, Biophore Dorigny, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Isabel Sanmartín
- Real Jardín Botánico (RJB), CSIC, Plaza de Murillo, Madrid, Spain
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Mazur M, Zielińska M, Boratyńska K, Romo A, Salva-Catarineu M, Marcysiak K, BoratyŃski A. Taxonomic and geographic differentiation of Juniperus phoenicea agg. based on cone, seed, and needle characteristics. SYST BIODIVERS 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/14772000.2018.1439120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Mazur
- Department of Botany, Kazimierz Wielki University, Ossolińskich 12, 85-093 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Monika Zielińska
- Department of Botany, Kazimierz Wielki University, Ossolińskich 12, 85-093 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Krystyna Boratyńska
- Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Dendrology, Parkowa 5, 62-035 Kórnik, Poland
| | - Angel Romo
- Spanish Research Council (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas: IBB, CSIC-ICUB). Botanical Institute, Passeig Migdia s/n, 08038 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Katarzyna Marcysiak
- Department of Botany, Kazimierz Wielki University, Ossolińskich 12, 85-093 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Adam BoratyŃski
- Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Dendrology, Parkowa 5, 62-035 Kórnik, Poland
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Jaros U, Tribsch A, Comes HP. Diversification in continental island archipelagos: new evidence on the roles of fragmentation, colonization and gene flow on the genetic divergence of Aegean Nigella (Ranunculaceae). ANNALS OF BOTANY 2018; 121:241-254. [PMID: 29300817 PMCID: PMC5808797 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcx150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Background and Aims Disentangling the relative roles of past fragmentation (vicariance), colonization (dispersal) and post-divergence gene flow in the genetic divergence of continental island organisms remains a formidable challenge. Amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs) were used to (1) gain further insights into the biogeographical processes underlying the Pleistocene diversification of the Aegean Nigella arvensis complex; (2) evaluate the role of potential key factors driving patterns of population genetic variability (mating system, geographical isolation and historical contingencies); and (3) test the robustness of conclusions previously drawn from chloroplast (cp) DNA. Methods Genetic diversity was analysed for 235 AFLP markers from 48 populations (497 individuals) representing 11 taxa of the complex using population genetic methods and Bayesian assignment tests. Key Results Most designated taxa are identifiable as genetically distinct units. Both fragmentation and dispersal-driven diversification processes occurred at different geological time scales, from Early to Late Pleistocene, specifically (1) sea barrier-induced vicariant speciation in the Cyclades, the Western Cretan Strait and Ikaria; and (2) bi-regional colonizations of the 'Southern Aegean Island Arc' from the Western vs. Eastern Aegean mainland, followed by allopatric divergences in Crete vs. Rhodos and Karpathos/Kasos. Outcrossing island taxa experienced drift-related demographic processes that are magnified in the two insular selfing species. Population genetic differentiation on the mainland seems largely driven by dispersal limitation, while in the Central Aegean it may still be influenced by historical events (island fragmentation and sporadic long-distance colonization). Conclusions The biogeographical history of Aegean Nigella is more complex than expected for a strictly allopatric vicariant model of divergence. Nonetheless, the major phylogeographical boundaries of this radiation are largely congruent with the geography and history of islands, with little evidence for ongoing gene exchange between divergent taxa. The present results emphasize the need to investigate further biological and landscape features and contemporary vs. historical processes in driving population divergence and taxon diversification in Aegean plant radiations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ursula Jaros
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Andreas Tribsch
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Hans Peter Comes
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
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Manlik O, Schmid-Hempel R, Schmid-Hempel P. Parasite infection of specific host genotypes relates to changes in prevalence in two natural populations of bumblebees. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2017; 56:125-132. [PMID: 29155285 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2017.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The antagonistic relationship between parasites and their hosts is strongly influenced by genotype-by-genotype interactions. Defense against parasitism is commonly studied in the context of immune system-based mechanisms and, thus, the focus in the search for candidate genes in host-parasite interactions is often on immune genes. In this study, we investigated the association between prevalence of parasite infection and host mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplotypes in two natural populations of bumblebees (Bombus terrestris). The two most common haplotypes of the host populations, termed A and B, differ by a single nonsynonymous nucleotide substitution within the coding region of cytochrome oxidase I, an important player in metabolic pathways. We screened infection by Nosema bombi, a common endoparasite of bumblebees, and the corresponding host mtDNA-haplotype frequencies in over 1400 bumblebees between 2000 and 2010. The island population of Gotland showed lower mtDNA diversity compared to the mainland population in Switzerland. Over time, we observed large fluctuations in infection prevalence, as well as variation in host haplotype frequencies in both populations. Our long-term observation revealed that N. bombi infection of specific host genotypes is transient: We found that with increasing infection prevalence, proportionally more individuals with haplotype B, but fewer individuals with haplotype A were infected. This suggests that the presence of N. bombi in specific host genotypes relates to infection prevalence. This may be a result of parasite competition, or differential resilience of host types to ward off infections. The findings highlight the important role of host mtDNA haplotypes in the interaction with parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Manlik
- ETH Zurich, Institute of Integrative Biology (IBZ), ETH-Zentrum CHN, Universitätsstrasse 16, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Regula Schmid-Hempel
- ETH Zurich, Institute of Integrative Biology (IBZ), ETH-Zentrum CHN, Universitätsstrasse 16, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Paul Schmid-Hempel
- ETH Zurich, Institute of Integrative Biology (IBZ), ETH-Zentrum CHN, Universitätsstrasse 16, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
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Yang JY, Ojeda DI, Santos-Guerra A, Molina RJ, Caujapé-Castells J, Cronk Q. Population differentiation in relation to conservation: nuclear microsatellite variation in the Canary Island endemic Lotus sessilifolius (Fabaceae). CONSERV GENET RESOUR 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12686-017-0778-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Sato JJ, Tasaka Y, Tasaka R, Gunji K, Yamamoto Y, Takada Y, Uematsu Y, Sakai E, Tateishi T, Yamaguchi Y. Effects of Isolation by Continental Islands in the Seto Inland Sea, Japan, on Genetic Diversity of the Large Japanese Field Mouse, Apodemus speciosus (Rodentia: Muridae), Inferred from the Mitochondrial Dloop Region. Zoolog Sci 2017; 34:112-121. [DOI: 10.2108/zs160113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun J. Sato
- Laboratory of Animal Cell Technology, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Fukuyama University, Higashimura-cho, Aza, Sanzo, 985, Fukuyama 729-0292, Japan
| | - Yurina Tasaka
- Laboratory of Animal Cell Technology, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Fukuyama University, Higashimura-cho, Aza, Sanzo, 985, Fukuyama 729-0292, Japan
| | - Ryoya Tasaka
- Laboratory of Animal Cell Technology, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Fukuyama University, Higashimura-cho, Aza, Sanzo, 985, Fukuyama 729-0292, Japan
| | - Kentaro Gunji
- Laboratory of Animal Cell Technology, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Fukuyama University, Higashimura-cho, Aza, Sanzo, 985, Fukuyama 729-0292, Japan
| | - Yuya Yamamoto
- Laboratory of Animal Cell Technology, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Fukuyama University, Higashimura-cho, Aza, Sanzo, 985, Fukuyama 729-0292, Japan
| | - Yasushi Takada
- Department of Anatomy, School of Dentistry, Aichi-Gakuin University, Kusumoto-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8650, Japan
| | - Yasushi Uematsu
- Department of Anatomy, School of Dentistry, Aichi-Gakuin University, Kusumoto-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8650, Japan
| | - Eiichi Sakai
- Department of Dental Hygiene, Aichi-Gakuin University, Kusumoto-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8650, Japan
| | | | - Yasunori Yamaguchi
- Laboratory of Animal Cell Technology, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Fukuyama University, Higashimura-cho, Aza, Sanzo, 985, Fukuyama 729-0292, Japan
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Jiménez A, Weigelt B, Santos-Guerra A, Caujapé-Castells J, Fernández-Palacios JM, Conti E. Surviving in isolation: genetic variation, bottlenecks and reproductive strategies in the Canarian endemic Limonium macrophyllum (Plumbaginaceae). Genetica 2017; 145:91-104. [PMID: 28108874 DOI: 10.1007/s10709-017-9948-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Oceanic archipelagos are typically rich in endemic taxa, because they offer ideal conditions for diversification and speciation in isolation. One of the most remarkable evolutionary radiations on the Canary Islands comprises the 16 species included in Limonium subsection Nobiles, all of which are subject to diverse threats, and legally protected. Since many of them are single-island endemics limited to one or a few populations, there exists a risk that a loss of genetic variation might limit their long-term survival. In this study, we used eight newly developed microsatellite markers to characterize the levels of genetic variation and inbreeding in L. macrophyllum, a species endemic to the North-east of Tenerife that belongs to Limonium subsection Nobiles. We detected generally low levels of genetic variation over all populations (H T = 0.363), and substantial differentiation among populations (F ST = 0.188; R ST = 0.186) coupled with a negligible degree of inbreeding (F = 0.042). Obligate outcrossing may have maintained L. macrophyllum relatively unaffected by inbreeding despite the species' limited dispersal ability and the genetic bottlenecks likely caused by a prolonged history of grazing. Although several factors still constitute a risk for the conservation of L. macrophyllum, the lack of inbreeding and the recent positive demographic trends observed in the populations of this species are factors that favour its future persistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ares Jiménez
- Department of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany and Botanical Garden, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, 8008, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Barbara Weigelt
- Department of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany and Botanical Garden, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, 8008, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Arnoldo Santos-Guerra
- Instituto Canario de Investigaciones Agrarias, Calle Guaidil 16, 38280, Tegueste, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Juli Caujapé-Castells
- Jardín Botánico Canario "Viera y Clavijo" - Unidad Asociada CSIC, Cabildo de Gran Canaria, Camino al palmeral 15, 35017, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - José María Fernández-Palacios
- Island Ecology and Biogeography Research Group, Universidad de La Laguna, Avda. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez s/n, 38109, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Elena Conti
- Department of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany and Botanical Garden, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, 8008, Zurich, Switzerland
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36
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Dias EF, Moura M, Schaefer H, Silva L. Geographical distance and barriers explain population genetic patterns in an endangered island perennial. AOB PLANTS 2017; 8:plw072. [PMID: 27742648 PMCID: PMC5206333 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plw072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/02/2016] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Island plants are frequently used as model systems in evolutionary biology to understand factors that might explain genetic diversity and population differentiation levels. Theory suggests that island plants should have lower levels of genetic diversity than their continental relatives, but this hypothesis has been rejected in several recent studies. In the Azores, the population level genetic diversity is generally low. However, like in most island systems, there are high levels of genetic differentiation between different islands. The Azores lettuce, Lactuca watsoniana, is an endangered Asteraceae with small population sizes. Therefore, we expect to find a lower level of genetic diversity than in the other more common endemic Asteraceae. The intra- and interpopulation genetic structure and diversity of L. watsoniana was assessed using eight newly developed microsatellite markers. We included 135 individuals, from all 13 known populations in the study. Because our microsatellite results suggested that the species is tetraploid, we analysed the microsatellite data (i) in codominant format using PolySat (Principal Coordinate Analysis, PCoA) and SPAgedi (genetic diversity indexes) and (ii) in dominant format using Arlequin (AMOVA) and STRUCTURE (Bayesian genetic cluster analysis). A total of 129 alleles were found for all L. watsoniana populations. In contrast to our expectations, we found a high level of intrapopulation genetic diversity (total heterozigosity = 0.85; total multilocus average proportion of private alleles per population = 26.5 %, Fis = -0.19). Our results show the existence of five well-defined genetic groups, one for each of the three islands São Miguel, Terceira and Faial, plus two groups for the East and West side of Pico Island (Fst = 0.45). The study revealed the existence of high levels of genetic diversity, which should be interpreted taking into consideration the ploidy level of this rare taxon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabete F Dias
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Pólo dos Açores, Universidade dos Açores, Rua da Mãe de Deus, Apartado 1422, Ponta Delgada, 9501-801 Açores, Portugal
| | - M Moura
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Pólo dos Açores, Universidade dos Açores, Rua da Mãe de Deus, Apartado 1422, Ponta Delgada, 9501-801 Açores, Portugal
| | - H Schaefer
- Plant Biodiversity Research, Technische Universität München, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Luís Silva
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Pólo dos Açores, Universidade dos Açores, Rua da Mãe de Deus, Apartado 1422, Ponta Delgada, 9501-801 Açores, Portugal
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Bertin A, Gouin N, Baumel A, Gianoli E, Serratosa J, Osorio R, Manel S. Genetic variation of loci potentially under selection confounds species-genetic diversity correlations in a fragmented habitat. Mol Ecol 2016; 26:431-443. [PMID: 27862542 DOI: 10.1111/mec.13923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Revised: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Positive species-genetic diversity correlations (SGDCs) are often thought to result from the parallel influence of neutral processes on genetic and species diversity. Yet, confounding effects of non-neutral mechanisms have not been explored. Here, we investigate the impact of non-neutral genetic diversity on SGDCs in high Andean wetlands. We compare correlations between plant species diversity and genetic diversity (GD) calculated with and without loci potentially under selection (outlier loci). The study system includes 2188 specimens from five species (three common aquatic macroinvertebrate and two dominant plant species) that were genotyped for 396 amplified fragment length polymorphism loci. We also appraise the importance of neutral processes on SGDCs by investigating the influence of habitat fragmentation features. Significant positive SGDCs were detected for all five species (mean SGDC = 0.52 ± 0.05). While only a few outlier loci were detected in each species, they resulted in significant decreases in GD and in SGDCs. This supports the hypothesis that neutral processes drive species-genetic diversity relationships in high Andean wetlands. Unexpectedly, the effects on genetic diversity GD of the habitat fragmentation characteristics in this study increased with the presence of outlier loci in two species. Overall, our results reveal pitfalls in using habitat features to infer processes driving SGDCs and show that a few loci potentially under selection are enough to cause a significant downward bias in SGDC. Investigating confounding effects of outlier loci thus represents a useful approach to evidence the contribution of neutral processes on species-genetic diversity relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angeline Bertin
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de La Serena, Av. Raúl Bitrán 1305, Casilla 554, La Serena, Chile
| | - Nicolas Gouin
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de La Serena, Av. Raúl Bitrán 1305, Casilla 554, La Serena, Chile.,Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas, Raúl Bitrán 1305, La Serena, Chile.,Instituto de Investigación Multidisciplinar en Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad de La Serena, Casilla 554, La Serena, Chile
| | - Alex Baumel
- Aix Marseille Univ, IMBE, UMR CNRS, IRD, Avignon Univ, Technopole Environm Arbois Mediterrane, BP 80, F-13545 Aix En Provence 04, France
| | - Ernesto Gianoli
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de La Serena, Av. Raúl Bitrán 1305, Casilla 554, La Serena, Chile.,Departamento de Botánica, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160-C, Concepción, Chile
| | - Juan Serratosa
- Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Doctorado en Biología y Ecología Aplicada, Universidad Católica del Norte, Larrondo 1281, Coquimbo, Chile
| | - Rodomiro Osorio
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de La Serena, Av. Raúl Bitrán 1305, Casilla 554, La Serena, Chile
| | - Stephanie Manel
- CNRS, UM, SupAgro, IRD, INRA, UMR 5175 CEFE, EPHE, PSL Research University, F-34293, Montpellier, France
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Valtueña FJ, López J, Álvarez J, Rodríguez-Riaño T, Ortega-Olivencia A. Scrophularia arguta, a widespread annual plant in the Canary Islands: a single recent colonization event or a more complex phylogeographic pattern? Ecol Evol 2016; 6:4258-73. [PMID: 27386073 PMCID: PMC4930978 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Many studies have addressed evolution and phylogeography of plant taxa in oceanic islands, but have primarily focused on endemics because of the assumption that in widespread taxa the absence of morphological differentiation between island and mainland populations is due to recent colonization. In this paper, we studied the phylogeography of Scrophularia arguta, a widespread annual species, in an attempt to determine the number and spatiotemporal origins of dispersal events to Canary Islands. Four different regions, ITS and ETS from nDNA and psbA-trnH and psbJ-petA from cpDNA, were used to date divergence events within S. arguta lineages and determine the phylogenetic relationships among populations. A haplotype network was obtained to elucidate the phylogenetic relationships among haplotypes. Our results support an ancient origin of S. arguta (Miocene) with expansion and genetic differentiation in the Pliocene coinciding with the aridification of northern Africa and the formation of the Mediterranean climate. Indeed, results indicate for Canary Islands three different events of colonization, including two ancient events that probably happened in the Pliocene and have originated the genetically most divergent populations into this species and, interestingly, a recent third event of colonization of Gran Canaria from mainland instead from the closest islands (Tenerife or Fuerteventura). In spite of the great genetic divergence among populations, it has not implied any morphological variation. Our work highlights the importance of nonendemic species to the genetic richness and conservation of island flora and the significance of the island populations of widespread taxa in the global biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Josefa López
- Área de Botánica Facultad de Ciencias Universidad de Extremadura 06006 Badajoz Spain
| | - Juan Álvarez
- Área de Botánica Facultad de Ciencias Universidad de Extremadura 06006 Badajoz Spain
| | - Tomás Rodríguez-Riaño
- Área de Botánica Facultad de Ciencias Universidad de Extremadura 06006 Badajoz Spain
| | - Ana Ortega-Olivencia
- Área de Botánica Facultad de Ciencias Universidad de Extremadura 06006 Badajoz Spain
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39
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Puppo P, Curto M, Meimberg H. Genetic structure of Micromeria (Lamiaceae) in Tenerife, the imprint of geological history and hybridization on within-island diversification. Ecol Evol 2016; 6:3443-3460. [PMID: 28725348 PMCID: PMC5513284 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Revised: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Geological history of oceanic islands can have a profound effect on the evolutionary history of insular flora, especially in complex islands such as Tenerife in the Canary Islands. Tenerife results from the secondary connection of three paleo‐islands by a central volcano, and other geological events that further shaped it. This geological history has been shown to influence the phylogenetic history of several taxa, including genus Micromeria (Lamiaceae). Screening 15 microsatellite markers in 289 individuals representing the eight species of Micromeria present in Tenerife, this study aims to assess the genetic diversity and structure of these species and its relation with the geological events on the island. In addition, we evaluate the extent of hybridization among species and discuss its influence on the speciation process. We found that the species restricted to the paleo‐islands present lower levels of genetic diversity but the highest levels of genetic differentiation suggesting that their ranges might have contracted over time. The two most widespread species in the island, M. hyssopifolia and M. varia, present the highest genetic diversity levels and a genetic structure that seems correlated with the geological composition of the island. Samples from M. hyssopifolia from the oldest paleo‐island, Adeje, appear as distinct while samples from M. varia segregate into two main clusters corresponding to the paleo‐islands of Anaga and Teno. Evidence of hybridization and intraspecific migration between species was found. We argue that species boundaries would be retained despite hybridization in response to the habitat's specific conditions causing postzygotic isolation and preserving morphological differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Puppo
- CIBIO Research Center in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources/InBio Associated Laboratory University of Porto Campus Vairão Vairão 4485-661 Portugal.,Institute for Integrative Nature Conservation Research University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences A-1180 Vienna Austria
| | - Manuel Curto
- CIBIO Research Center in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources/InBio Associated Laboratory University of Porto Campus Vairão Vairão 4485-661 Portugal.,Institute for Integrative Nature Conservation Research University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences A-1180 Vienna Austria
| | - Harald Meimberg
- Institute for Integrative Nature Conservation Research University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences A-1180 Vienna Austria
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40
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Parmakelis A, Rigal F, Mourikis T, Balanika K, Terzopoulou S, Rego C, Amorim IR, Crespo L, Pereira F, Triantis KA, Whittaker RJ, Borges PAV. Comparative phylogeography of endemic Azorean arthropods. BMC Evol Biol 2015; 15:250. [PMID: 26559388 PMCID: PMC4642780 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-015-0523-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background For a remote oceanic archipelago of up to 8 Myr age, the Azores have a comparatively low level of endemism. We present an analysis of phylogeographic patterns of endemic Azorean island arthropods aimed at testing patterns of diversification in relation to the ontogeny of the archipelago, in order to distinguish between alternative models of evolutionary dynamics on islands. We collected individuals of six species (representing Araneae, Hemiptera and Coleoptera) from 16 forest fragments from 7 islands. Using three mtDNA markers, we analysed the distribution of genetic diversity within and between islands, inferred the differentiation time-frames and investigated the inter-island migration routes and colonization patterns. Results Each species exhibited very low levels of mtDNA divergence, both within and between islands. The two oldest islands were not strongly involved in the diffusion of genetic diversity within the archipelago. The most haplotype-rich islands varied according to species but the younger, central islands contributed the most to haplotype diversity. Colonization events both in concordance with and in contradiction to an inter-island progression rule were inferred, while a non-intuitive pattern of colonization from western to eastern islands was also inferred. Conclusions The geological development of the Azores has followed a less tidy progression compared to classic hotspot archipelagos, and this is reflected in our findings. The study species appear to have been differentiating within the Azores for <2 Myr, a fraction of the apparent life span of the archipelago, which may indicate that extinction events linked to active volcanism have played an important role. Assuming that after each extinction event, colonization was initiated from a nearby island hosting derived haplotypes, the apparent age of species diversification in the archipelago would be moved closer to the present after each extinction–recolonization cycle. Exploiting these ideas, we propose a general model for future testing. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12862-015-0523-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aristeidis Parmakelis
- Department of Ecology and Taxonomy, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, GR15784, Athens, Greece. .,Azorean Biodiversity Group (CITA-A) and Platform for Ecological and Environmental Research (PEER), Universidade dos Açores, Departamento de Ciências Agrárias, Rua Capitão João d'Ávila, São Pedro, 9700-042, Angra do Heroismo, Terceira, Portugal. .,CE3C - Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes/Azorean Biodiversity Group and Universidade dos Açores - Departamento de Ciências Agrárias, 9700-042, Angra do Heroísmo, Açores, Portugal.
| | - François Rigal
- Azorean Biodiversity Group (CITA-A) and Platform for Ecological and Environmental Research (PEER), Universidade dos Açores, Departamento de Ciências Agrárias, Rua Capitão João d'Ávila, São Pedro, 9700-042, Angra do Heroismo, Terceira, Portugal. .,CE3C - Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes/Azorean Biodiversity Group and Universidade dos Açores - Departamento de Ciências Agrárias, 9700-042, Angra do Heroísmo, Açores, Portugal.
| | - Thanos Mourikis
- Department of Ecology and Taxonomy, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, GR15784, Athens, Greece.
| | - Katerina Balanika
- Department of Ecology and Taxonomy, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, GR15784, Athens, Greece.
| | - Sofia Terzopoulou
- Department of Ecology and Taxonomy, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, GR15784, Athens, Greece. .,Azorean Biodiversity Group (CITA-A) and Platform for Ecological and Environmental Research (PEER), Universidade dos Açores, Departamento de Ciências Agrárias, Rua Capitão João d'Ávila, São Pedro, 9700-042, Angra do Heroismo, Terceira, Portugal. .,CE3C - Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes/Azorean Biodiversity Group and Universidade dos Açores - Departamento de Ciências Agrárias, 9700-042, Angra do Heroísmo, Açores, Portugal.
| | - Carla Rego
- Azorean Biodiversity Group (CITA-A) and Platform for Ecological and Environmental Research (PEER), Universidade dos Açores, Departamento de Ciências Agrárias, Rua Capitão João d'Ávila, São Pedro, 9700-042, Angra do Heroismo, Terceira, Portugal. .,CE3C - Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes/Azorean Biodiversity Group and Universidade dos Açores - Departamento de Ciências Agrárias, 9700-042, Angra do Heroísmo, Açores, Portugal.
| | - Isabel R Amorim
- Azorean Biodiversity Group (CITA-A) and Platform for Ecological and Environmental Research (PEER), Universidade dos Açores, Departamento de Ciências Agrárias, Rua Capitão João d'Ávila, São Pedro, 9700-042, Angra do Heroismo, Terceira, Portugal. .,CE3C - Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes/Azorean Biodiversity Group and Universidade dos Açores - Departamento de Ciências Agrárias, 9700-042, Angra do Heroísmo, Açores, Portugal.
| | - Luís Crespo
- Azorean Biodiversity Group (CITA-A) and Platform for Ecological and Environmental Research (PEER), Universidade dos Açores, Departamento de Ciências Agrárias, Rua Capitão João d'Ávila, São Pedro, 9700-042, Angra do Heroismo, Terceira, Portugal.
| | - Fernando Pereira
- Azorean Biodiversity Group (CITA-A) and Platform for Ecological and Environmental Research (PEER), Universidade dos Açores, Departamento de Ciências Agrárias, Rua Capitão João d'Ávila, São Pedro, 9700-042, Angra do Heroismo, Terceira, Portugal. .,CE3C - Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes/Azorean Biodiversity Group and Universidade dos Açores - Departamento de Ciências Agrárias, 9700-042, Angra do Heroísmo, Açores, Portugal.
| | - Kostas A Triantis
- Department of Ecology and Taxonomy, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, GR15784, Athens, Greece. .,Azorean Biodiversity Group (CITA-A) and Platform for Ecological and Environmental Research (PEER), Universidade dos Açores, Departamento de Ciências Agrárias, Rua Capitão João d'Ávila, São Pedro, 9700-042, Angra do Heroismo, Terceira, Portugal. .,CE3C - Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes/Azorean Biodiversity Group and Universidade dos Açores - Departamento de Ciências Agrárias, 9700-042, Angra do Heroísmo, Açores, Portugal.
| | - Robert J Whittaker
- Conservation Biogeography and Macroecology Programme, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QY, UK. .,Center for Macroecology Evolution and Climate, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Paulo A V Borges
- Azorean Biodiversity Group (CITA-A) and Platform for Ecological and Environmental Research (PEER), Universidade dos Açores, Departamento de Ciências Agrárias, Rua Capitão João d'Ávila, São Pedro, 9700-042, Angra do Heroismo, Terceira, Portugal. .,CE3C - Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes/Azorean Biodiversity Group and Universidade dos Açores - Departamento de Ciências Agrárias, 9700-042, Angra do Heroísmo, Açores, Portugal.
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41
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Jennings H, Wallin K, Brennan J, Valle AD, Guzman A, Hein D, Hunter S, Lewandowski A, Olson S, Parsons H, Scheidt S, Wang Z, Werra A, Kartzinel RY, Givnish TJ. Inbreeding, low genetic diversity, and spatial genetic structure in the endemic Hawaiian lobeliads Clermontia fauriei and Cyanea pilosa ssp. longipedunculata. CONSERV GENET 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-015-0785-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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42
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Mairal M, Sanmartín I, Aldasoro JJ, Culshaw V, Manolopoulou I, Alarcón M. Palaeo-islands as refugia and sources of genetic diversity within volcanic archipelagos: the case of the widespread endemicCanarina canariensis(Campanulaceae). Mol Ecol 2015; 24:3944-63. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.13282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Revised: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Mairal
- Real Jardín Botánico (RJB-CSIC); 28014 Madrid Spain
| | - I. Sanmartín
- Real Jardín Botánico (RJB-CSIC); 28014 Madrid Spain
| | - J. J. Aldasoro
- Institut Botànic de Barcelona (IBB-CSIC-ICUB); 08038 Barcelona Spain
| | - V. Culshaw
- Real Jardín Botánico (RJB-CSIC); 28014 Madrid Spain
| | | | - M. Alarcón
- Institut Botànic de Barcelona (IBB-CSIC-ICUB); 08038 Barcelona Spain
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43
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Patiño J, Carine M, Mardulyn P, Devos N, Mateo RG, González-Mancebo JM, Shaw AJ, Vanderpoorten A. Approximate Bayesian Computation Reveals the Crucial Role of Oceanic Islands for the Assembly of Continental Biodiversity. Syst Biol 2015; 64:579-89. [DOI: 10.1093/sysbio/syv013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 02/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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