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Poto R, Marone G, Galli SJ, Varricchi G. Mast cells: a novel therapeutic avenue for cardiovascular diseases? Cardiovasc Res 2024; 120:681-698. [PMID: 38630620 PMCID: PMC11135650 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvae066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Mast cells are tissue-resident immune cells strategically located in different compartments of the normal human heart (the myocardium, pericardium, aortic valve, and close to nerves) as well as in atherosclerotic plaques. Cardiac mast cells produce a broad spectrum of vasoactive and proinflammatory mediators, which have potential roles in inflammation, angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis, tissue remodelling, and fibrosis. Mast cells release preformed mediators (e.g. histamine, tryptase, and chymase) and de novo synthesized mediators (e.g. cysteinyl leukotriene C4 and prostaglandin D2), as well as cytokines and chemokines, which can activate different resident immune cells (e.g. macrophages) and structural cells (e.g. fibroblasts and endothelial cells) in the human heart and aorta. The transcriptional profiles of various mast cell populations highlight their potential heterogeneity and distinct gene and proteome expression. Mast cell plasticity and heterogeneity enable these cells the potential for performing different, even opposite, functions in response to changing tissue contexts. Human cardiac mast cells display significant differences compared with mast cells isolated from other organs. These characteristics make cardiac mast cells intriguing, given their dichotomous potential roles of inducing or protecting against cardiovascular diseases. Identification of cardiac mast cell subpopulations represents a prerequisite for understanding their potential multifaceted roles in health and disease. Several new drugs specifically targeting human mast cell activation are under development or in clinical trials. Mast cells and/or their subpopulations can potentially represent novel therapeutic targets for cardiovascular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remo Poto
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, Naples 80131, Italy
- World Allergy Organization (WAO), Center of Excellence (CoE), Via S. Pansini 5, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Gianni Marone
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, Naples 80131, Italy
- World Allergy Organization (WAO), Center of Excellence (CoE), Via S. Pansini 5, Naples 80131, Italy
- Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, Naples 80131, Italy
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology ‘G. Salvatore’, National Research Council (CNR), Via S. Pansini 5, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Stephen J Galli
- Department of Pathology and the Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University School of Medicine, 291 Campus Dr, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 291 Campus Dr, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Gilda Varricchi
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, Naples 80131, Italy
- World Allergy Organization (WAO), Center of Excellence (CoE), Via S. Pansini 5, Naples 80131, Italy
- Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, Naples 80131, Italy
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology ‘G. Salvatore’, National Research Council (CNR), Via S. Pansini 5, Naples 80131, Italy
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Bowman C, Rockson SG. The Role of Inflammation in Lymphedema: A Narrative Review of Pathogenesis and Opportunities for Therapeutic Intervention. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3907. [PMID: 38612716 PMCID: PMC11011271 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Lymphedema is a chronic and progressive disease of the lymphatic system characterized by inflammation, increased adipose deposition, and tissue fibrosis. Despite early hypotheses identifying lymphedema as a disease of mechanical lymphatic disruption alone, the progressive inflammatory nature underlying this condition is now well-established. In this review, we provide an overview of the various inflammatory mechanisms that characterize lymphedema development and progression. These mechanisms contribute to the acute and chronic phases of lymphedema, which manifest clinically as inflammation, fibrosis, and adiposity. Furthermore, we highlight the interplay between current therapeutic modalities and the underlying inflammatory microenvironment, as well as opportunities for future therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catharine Bowman
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA;
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Stanley G. Rockson
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA;
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Stasi E, Sciascia S, Naretto C, Baldovino S, Roccatello D. Lymphatic System and the Kidney: From Lymphangiogenesis to Renal Inflammation and Fibrosis Development. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2853. [PMID: 38474100 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The lymphatic kidney system plays a crucial role in managing interstitial fluid removal, regulating fluid balance, and tuning immune response. It also assists in the reabsorption of proteins, electrolytes, cytokines, growth factors, and immune cells. Pathological conditions, including tissue damage, excessive interstitial fluid, high blood glucose levels, and inflammation, can initiate lymphangiogenesis-the formation of new lymphatic vessels. This process is associated with various kidney diseases, including polycystic kidney disease, hypertension, ultrafiltration challenges, and complications post-organ transplantation. Although lymphangiogenesis has beneficial effects in removing excess fluid and immune cells, it may also contribute to inflammation and fibrosis within the kidneys. In this review, we aim to discuss the biology of the lymphatic system, from its development and function to its response to disease stimuli, with an emphasis on renal pathophysiology. Furthermore, we explore how innovative treatments targeting the lymphatic system could potentially enhance the management of kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Stasi
- University Center of Excellence on Nephrologic, Rheumatologic and Rare Diseases (ERK-Net, ERN-Reconnect and RITA-ERN Member) with Nephrology and Dialysis Unit and Center of Immuno-Rheumatology and Rare Diseases (CMID), Coordinating Center of the Interregional Network for Rare Diseases of Piedmont and Aosta Valley, ASL Città di Torino and Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10154 Turin, Italy
| | - Savino Sciascia
- University Center of Excellence on Nephrologic, Rheumatologic and Rare Diseases (ERK-Net, ERN-Reconnect and RITA-ERN Member) with Nephrology and Dialysis Unit and Center of Immuno-Rheumatology and Rare Diseases (CMID), Coordinating Center of the Interregional Network for Rare Diseases of Piedmont and Aosta Valley, ASL Città di Torino and Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10154 Turin, Italy
| | - Carla Naretto
- University Center of Excellence on Nephrologic, Rheumatologic and Rare Diseases (ERK-Net, ERN-Reconnect and RITA-ERN Member) with Nephrology and Dialysis Unit and Center of Immuno-Rheumatology and Rare Diseases (CMID), Coordinating Center of the Interregional Network for Rare Diseases of Piedmont and Aosta Valley, ASL Città di Torino and Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10154 Turin, Italy
| | - Simone Baldovino
- University Center of Excellence on Nephrologic, Rheumatologic and Rare Diseases (ERK-Net, ERN-Reconnect and RITA-ERN Member) with Nephrology and Dialysis Unit and Center of Immuno-Rheumatology and Rare Diseases (CMID), Coordinating Center of the Interregional Network for Rare Diseases of Piedmont and Aosta Valley, ASL Città di Torino and Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10154 Turin, Italy
| | - Dario Roccatello
- University Center of Excellence on Nephrologic, Rheumatologic and Rare Diseases (ERK-Net, ERN-Reconnect and RITA-ERN Member) with Nephrology and Dialysis Unit and Center of Immuno-Rheumatology and Rare Diseases (CMID), Coordinating Center of the Interregional Network for Rare Diseases of Piedmont and Aosta Valley, ASL Città di Torino and Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10154 Turin, Italy
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Hahn RG. Maldistribution of fluid in preeclampsia: a secondary kinetic analysis. Int J Obstet Anesth 2024; 57:103963. [PMID: 38160194 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijoa.2023.103963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypovolemia and peripheral edema are frequent components of preeclampsia. The level of the dysregulation of the body fluid distribution is unclear, which complicates the choice of infusion fluid during surgery. The present fluid kinetic study challenges whether the maldistribution of fluid is due to increased capillary leakage or to poor return of already distributed fluid, which occurs via lymphatic pathways. METHODS Ringeŕs solution was infused in 10 awake non-pregnant women, eight healthy pregnant women, and in eight women with mild-to-moderately severe preeclampsia. Distribution and redistribution of the infused fluid was calculated with mixed models kinetics based on the excreted urine volumes and 675 measurements of hemodilution. Differences in fluid kinetics between the three groups were studied with covariance analysis. RESULTS The return flow of fluid volume to the plasma after distribution (rate parameter k21) was almost zero in women with preeclampsia, while the rate was normal in the other two groups (P< 0.001). By contrast, the capillary leakage rate of fluid in response to the infusion (k12) was normal. The urinary excretion (k10) was moderately accelerated. CONCLUSION Decreased flow of extravascular fluid to the plasma was the key disturbance in women with preeclampsia. Such decreased flow alone promotes hypovolemia, peripheral edema, and hypoalbuminemia, and may be explained by inhibition of lymphatic pumping and/or a decreased interstitial hydrostatic pressure due to the presence of vasoactive and inflammatory signal molecules. The moderately accelerated urine flow may be due to "pressure diuresis" in response to hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- R G Hahn
- Karolinska Institutet at Danderyd Hospital (KIDS), Stockholm, Sweden.
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DuToit J, Brothers P, Stephens M, Keane K, de Jesus FN, Roizes S, von der Weid PY. Flow-dependent regulation of rat mesenteric lymphatic vessel contractile response requires activation of endothelial TRPV4 channels. Microcirculation 2024; 31:e12839. [PMID: 38044795 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of our study is to evaluate the involvement of the transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) in the alteration of lymphatic pumping in response to flow and determine the signaling pathways involved. METHODS We used immunofluorescence imaging and western blotting to assess TRPV4 expression in rat mesenteric lymphatic vessels. We examined inhibition of TRPV4 with HC067047, nitric oxide synthase (NOS) with L-NNA and cyclooxygenases (COXs) with indomethacin on the contractile response of pressurized lymphatic vessels to flow changes induced by a stepwise increase in pressure gradients, and the functionality of endothelial TRPV4 channels by measuring the intracellular Ca2+ response of primary lymphatic endothelial cell cultures to the selective agonist GSK1016790A. RESULTS TRPV4 protein was expressed in both the endothelial and the smooth muscle layer of rat mesenteric lymphatics with high endothelial expression around the valve sites. When maintained under constant transmural pressure, most lymphatic vessels displayed a decrease in contraction frequency under conditions of flow and this effect was ablated through inhibition of NOS, COX or TRPV4. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate a critical role for TRPV4 in the decrease in contraction frequency induced in lymphatic vessels by increases in flow rate via the production and action of nitric oxide and dilatory prostanoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacques DuToit
- Inflammation Research Network, Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Peter Brothers
- Inflammation Research Network, Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Matthew Stephens
- Inflammation Research Network, Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Keith Keane
- Inflammation Research Network, Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Flavia Neto de Jesus
- Inflammation Research Network, Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Simon Roizes
- Inflammation Research Network, Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Pierre-Yves von der Weid
- Inflammation Research Network, Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Carrillo Diaz de Leon M, Keane K, Roizes S, Liao S, von der Weid PY, Stephens M. Not just fibrotic: endothelial-derived TGFβ maintains contractile function and lymphatic muscle phenotype during homeostasis. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2024; 326:C269-C281. [PMID: 38047303 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00327.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Cell-cell communication within the lymphatic vasculature during homeostasis is incompletely detailed. Although many discoveries highlight the pathological roles of transforming growth factor-beta (TGFβ) in chronic vascular inflammation and associated fibrosis, only a small amount is known surrounding the role of TGFβ-signaling in homeostatic lymphatic function. Here, we discovered that pharmacological blockade of TGFβ receptor 1 (TGFβR1) negatively impacts rat mesenteric lymphatic vessel pumping, significantly reducing vessel contractility and surrounding lymphatic muscle coverage. We have identified mesenteric lymphatic endothelial cells themselves as a source of endogenous vascular TGFβ and that TGFβ production is significantly increased in these cells via activation of a number of functional pattern recognition receptors they express. We show that a continuous supply of TGFβ is essential to maintain the contractile phenotype of neighboring lymphatic muscle cells and support this conclusion through in vitro analysis of primary isolated lymphatic muscle cells that undergo synthetic differentiation during 2-D cell culture, a phenomenon that could be effectively rescued by supplementation with recombinant TGFβ. Finally, we demonstrate that lymphatic endothelial production of TGFβ is regulated, in part, by nitric oxide in a manner we propose is essential to counteract the pathological over-production of TGFβ. Taken together, these data highlight the essential role of homeostatic TGFβ signaling in the maintenance of lymphatic vascular function and highlight possible deleterious consequences of its inhibition.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The growth factor TGFβ is commonly associated with its pathological overproduction during tissue fibrosis rather than its homeostatic functions. We expose the lymphatic endothelium as a source of endogenous TGFβ, the impact of its production on the maintenance of surrounding lymphatic muscle cell phenotype, and internally regulated mechanisms of its production. Overall, these results highlight the intricate balance of TGFβ-signaling as an essential component of maintaining lymphatic contractile function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Carrillo Diaz de Leon
- Inflammation Research Network, Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Infectious Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Keith Keane
- Inflammation Research Network, Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Simon Roizes
- Inflammation Research Network, Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Shan Liao
- Inflammation Research Network, Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Infectious Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Pierre-Yves von der Weid
- Inflammation Research Network, Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Matthew Stephens
- Inflammation Research Network, Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
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de Jesus FN, von der Weid PY. Increased contractile activity and dilation of popliteal lymphatic vessels in the TNF-α-overexpressing TNF ΔARE/+ arthritic mouse. Life Sci 2023; 335:122247. [PMID: 37940071 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
AIMS TNF-α acute treatment has been found to disrupt lymphatic drainage in the setting of arthritis through the NF-kB-iNOS- signaling pathway. We examined whether popliteal lymphatic vessels (pLVs) contractile activity was altered in 12- and 24- week-old females of an arthritic mouse model overexpressing TNF-α (TNFΔARE/+). MAIN METHODS pLVs were prepared for intravital imaging to measure lymph flow speed, and ex vivo functional responses to a stepwise increase in transmural pressure in the absence or presence of the non-selective NOS inhibitor (L-NNA) or the selective iNOS inhibitor (1400W) were compared between TNFΔARE/+ and WT mice. Total eNOS (t-eNOS) and eNOS phosphorylated at ser1177 (p-eNOS) were evaluated by western blotting. KEY FINDINGS In vivo imaging revealed a significantly increase in lymph flow speed in TNFΔARE/+ mice in comparison to WT at both ages. Pressure myography showed an increase in contraction frequency, diameters and fractional pump flow at both ages, whereas amplitude and ejection fraction were significantly decreased in older TNFΔARE/+ mice. Additionally, contraction frequency was increased in the presence of 1400W, and systolic diameter was abolished with L-NNA in TNFΔARE/+ mice compared to WT. Significant increases in p-eNOS expression and neutrophil recruitment (MPO activity) were observed in TNFΔARE/+ mice compared to WT. SIGNIFICANCE Our data reveal functional changes in pLVs, especially in advanced stage of arthritis. These alterations may be related to eNOS and iNOS response, which can affect drainage of the inflammatory content from the joints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Neto de Jesus
- Inflammation Research Network, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.
| | - Pierre-Yves von der Weid
- Inflammation Research Network, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.
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Dargent A, Dumargne H, Labruyère M, Brezillon S, Brassart-Pasco S, Blot M, Charles PE, Fournel I, Quenot JP, Jacquier M. Role of the interstitium during septic shock: a key to the understanding of fluid dynamics? J Intensive Care 2023; 11:44. [PMID: 37817235 PMCID: PMC10565984 DOI: 10.1186/s40560-023-00694-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While not traditionally included in the conceptual understanding of circulation, the interstitium plays a critical role in maintaining fluid homeostasis. Fluid balance regulation is a critical aspect of septic shock, with a well-known association between fluid balance and outcome. The regulation of transcapillary flow is the first key to understand fluid homeostasis during sepsis. MAIN TEXT Capillary permeability is increased during sepsis, and was classically considered to be necessary and sufficient to explain the increase of capillary filtration during inflammation. However, on the other side of the endothelial wall, the interstitium may play an even greater role to drive capillary leak. Indeed, the interstitial extracellular matrix forms a complex gel-like structure embedded in a collagen skeleton, and has the ability to directly attract intravascular fluid by decreasing its hydrostatic pressure. Thus, interstitium is not a mere passive reservoir, as was long thought, but is probably major determinant of fluid balance regulation during sepsis. Up to this date though, the role of the interstitium during sepsis and septic shock has been largely overlooked. A comprehensive vision of the interstitium may enlight our understanding of septic shock pathophysiology. Overall, we have identified five potential intersections between septic shock pathophysiology and the interstitium: 1. increase of oedema formation, interacting with organ function and metabolites diffusion; 2. interstitial pressure regulation, increasing transcapillary flow; 3. alteration of the extracellular matrix; 4. interstitial secretion of inflammatory mediators; 5. decrease of lymphatic outflow. CONCLUSIONS We aimed at reviewing the literature and summarizing the current knowledge along these specific axes, as well as methodological aspects related to interstitium exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Auguste Dargent
- Service d'Anesthésie Médecine Intensive-Réanimation, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Lyon Sud, 165 Chemin du Grand Revoyet, Pierre-Bénite, 69495, Lyon, France.
- APCSe VetAgro Sup UPSP 2016.A101, 1 Avenue Bourgelat, 69280, Marcy l'Etoile, France.
| | - Hugo Dumargne
- Service d'Anesthésie Médecine Intensive-Réanimation, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Lyon Sud, 165 Chemin du Grand Revoyet, Pierre-Bénite, 69495, Lyon, France
| | - Marie Labruyère
- Médecine Intensive et Réanimation, CHU François Mitterrand, 14 Rue Paul Gaffarel, 21000, Dijon, France
| | | | | | - Mathieu Blot
- Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, CHU François Mitterrand, 14 Rue Paul Gaffarel, 21000, Dijon, France
- Lipness Team, INSERM LNC-UMR1231 et LabEx LipSTIC, Université de Bourgogne, 7 Bd Jeanne d'Arc, 21000, Dijon, France
| | - Pierre-Emmanuel Charles
- Médecine Intensive et Réanimation, CHU François Mitterrand, 14 Rue Paul Gaffarel, 21000, Dijon, France
- Lipness Team, INSERM LNC-UMR1231 et LabEx LipSTIC, Université de Bourgogne, 7 Bd Jeanne d'Arc, 21000, Dijon, France
| | - Isabelle Fournel
- Module Épidémiologie Clinique, Inserm, CHU Dijon, Bourgogne, Université de Bourgogne, CIC1432, 14 Rue Paul Gaffarel, 21000, Dijon, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Quenot
- Médecine Intensive et Réanimation, CHU François Mitterrand, 14 Rue Paul Gaffarel, 21000, Dijon, France
- Lipness Team, INSERM LNC-UMR1231 et LabEx LipSTIC, Université de Bourgogne, 7 Bd Jeanne d'Arc, 21000, Dijon, France
- Module Épidémiologie Clinique, Inserm, CHU Dijon, Bourgogne, Université de Bourgogne, CIC1432, 14 Rue Paul Gaffarel, 21000, Dijon, France
| | - Marine Jacquier
- Médecine Intensive et Réanimation, CHU François Mitterrand, 14 Rue Paul Gaffarel, 21000, Dijon, France
- Lipness Team, INSERM LNC-UMR1231 et LabEx LipSTIC, Université de Bourgogne, 7 Bd Jeanne d'Arc, 21000, Dijon, France
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Lorente JV, Hahn RG, Jover JL, Del Cojo E, Hervías M, Jiménez I, Uña R, Clau-Terré F, Monge MI, Llau JV, Colomina MJ, Ripollés-Melchor J. Role of Crystalloids in the Perioperative Setting: From Basics to Clinical Applications and Enhanced Recovery Protocols. J Clin Med 2023; 12:5930. [PMID: 37762871 PMCID: PMC10531658 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12185930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Perioperative fluid management, a critical aspect of major surgeries, is characterized by pronounced stress responses, altered capillary permeability, and significant fluid shifts. Recognized as a cornerstone of enhanced recovery protocols, effective perioperative fluid management is crucial for optimizing patient recovery and preventing postoperative complications, especially in high-risk patients. The scientific literature has extensively investigated various fluid infusion regimens, but recent publications indicate that not only the volume but also the type of fluid infused significantly influences surgical outcomes. Adequate fluid therapy prescription requires a thorough understanding of the physiological and biochemical principles that govern the body's internal environment and the potential perioperative alterations that may arise. Recently published clinical trials have questioned the safety of synthetic colloids, widely used in the surgical field. A new clinical scenario has arisen in which crystalloids could play a pivotal role in perioperative fluid therapy. This review aims to offer evidence-based clinical principles for prescribing fluid therapy tailored to the patient's physiology during the perioperative period. The approach combines these principles with current recommendations for enhanced recovery programs for surgical patients, grounded in physiological and biochemical principles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan V. Lorente
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Juan Ramón Jiménez University Hospital, 21005 Huelva, Spain
- Fluid Therapy and Haemodynamics Working Group of the Haemostasis, Fluid Therapy and Transfusional Medicine of the Spanish Society of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation (SEDAR), 28003 Madrid, Spain
| | - Robert G. Hahn
- Karolinska Institute, Danderyds Hospital (KIDS), 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - José L. Jover
- Fluid Therapy and Haemodynamics Working Group of the Haemostasis, Fluid Therapy and Transfusional Medicine of the Spanish Society of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation (SEDAR), 28003 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Verge del Lliris Hospital, 03802 Alcoy, Spain
| | - Enrique Del Cojo
- Fluid Therapy and Haemodynamics Working Group of the Haemostasis, Fluid Therapy and Transfusional Medicine of the Spanish Society of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation (SEDAR), 28003 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Don Benito-Villanueva de la Serena Health District, 06400 Don Benito, Spain
| | - Mónica Hervías
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Gregorio Marañón General University Hospital, 28007 Madrid, Spain
- Paediatric Anaesthesiology Section, Spanish Society of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation (SEDAR), 28003 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ignacio Jiménez
- Fluid Therapy and Haemodynamics Working Group of the Haemostasis, Fluid Therapy and Transfusional Medicine of the Spanish Society of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation (SEDAR), 28003 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Rafael Uña
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, La Paz University General Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Clau-Terré
- Fluid Therapy and Haemodynamics Working Group of the Haemostasis, Fluid Therapy and Transfusional Medicine of the Spanish Society of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation (SEDAR), 28003 Madrid, Spain
- Vall d’Hebron Institut Recerca, Vall d’Hebrón University Hospital, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manuel I. Monge
- Fluid Therapy and Haemodynamics Working Group of the Haemostasis, Fluid Therapy and Transfusional Medicine of the Spanish Society of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation (SEDAR), 28003 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan V. Llau
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Doctor Peset Hospital, 46017 Valencia, Spain
| | - Maria J. Colomina
- Fluid Therapy and Haemodynamics Working Group of the Haemostasis, Fluid Therapy and Transfusional Medicine of the Spanish Society of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation (SEDAR), 28003 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Bellvitge University Hospital, University of Barcelona, 08907 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier Ripollés-Melchor
- Fluid Therapy and Haemodynamics Working Group of the Haemostasis, Fluid Therapy and Transfusional Medicine of the Spanish Society of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation (SEDAR), 28003 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Infanta Leonor Hospital, 28031 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Toxicology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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10
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Dull RO, Hahn RG. Hypovolemia with peripheral edema: What is wrong? Crit Care 2023; 27:206. [PMID: 37245039 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-023-04496-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Fluid normally exchanges freely between the plasma and interstitial space and is returned primarily via the lymphatic system. This balance can be disturbed by diseases and medications. In inflammatory disease states, such as sepsis, the return flow of fluid from the interstitial space to the plasma seems to be very slow, which promotes the well-known triad of hypovolemia, hypoalbuminemia, and peripheral edema. Similarly, general anesthesia, for example, even without mechanical ventilation, increases accumulation of infused crystalloid fluid in a slowly equilibrating fraction of the extravascular compartment. Herein, we have combined data from fluid kinetic trials with previously unconnected mechanisms of inflammation, interstitial fluid physiology and lymphatic pathology to synthesize a novel explanation for common and clinically relevant examples of circulatory dysregulation. Experimental studies suggest that two key mechanisms contribute to the combination of hypovolemia, hypoalbuminemia and edema; (1) acute lowering of the interstitial pressure by inflammatory mediators such as TNFα, IL-1β, and IL-6 and, (2) nitric oxide-induced inhibition of intrinsic lymphatic pumping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randal O Dull
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, 1501 N. Campbell Avenue, Suite 4401, PO Box 245114, Tucson, AZ, 85724-5114, USA.
- Department of Pathology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, USA.
- Department of Surgery, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, USA.
| | - Robert G Hahn
- Karolinska Institute at Danderyds Hospital (KIDS), 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
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11
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Nagahara T, Ohno K, Nakagawa T, Goto-Koshino Y, Chambers JK, Uchida K, Mizusawa N, Kaga C, Nagazawa M, Tomiyasu H, Tsujimoto H. Analysis of fecal microbial profiles in dogs with intestinal lymphangiectasia. J Vet Med Sci 2023; 85:199-206. [PMID: 36596562 PMCID: PMC10017289 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.22-0172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal lymphangiectasia (IL) is a common complication in dogs. This study analyzed intestinal microbiota using 16S rRNA amplicon analysis as candidate factors that strongly influence the small intestinal lymphatic vessels in dogs with and without IL. Twelve dogs were included, of which six were diagnosed with lymphoplasmacytic enteritis, four with small-cell lymphoma, and two with large-cell lymphoma. Seven of these dogs had IL, whereas five did not. First, the microbial diversity analyzed by Faith pd index was significantly decreased in dogs with IL compared to dogs without IL. Then, the relative amounts of each bacterial taxa were compared between dogs with and without IL using Linear discriminant analysis effect size analysis. At the genus level, the Ruminococcus gnavus group significantly increased in dogs with IL compared to dogs without IL. A total of four genera, including Ruminococcus torques group and Faecalibacterium, which produce butyrate, significantly decreased in dogs with IL. This study showed decreased intestinal bacterial diversity and several alterations of intestinal microbiota, including a decrease in butyrate-producing bacteria in dogs with IL, compared to dogs without IL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuro Nagahara
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichi Ohno
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taisuke Nakagawa
- Veterinary Medical Center, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuko Goto-Koshino
- Veterinary Medical Center, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - James K Chambers
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Uchida
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | - Maho Nagazawa
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Pathobiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Tomiyasu
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hajime Tsujimoto
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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12
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Singh R, Heaps CL, Muthuchamy M, Deveau MA, Stewart RH, Laine GA, Dongaonkar RM. Dichotomous effects of in vivo and in vitro ionizing radiation exposure on lymphatic function. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2023; 324:H155-H171. [PMID: 36459446 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00387.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
On the one hand, lymphatic dysfunction induces interstitial edema and inflammation. On the other hand, the formation of edema and inflammation induce lymphatic dysfunction. However, informed by the earlier reports of undetected apoptosis of irradiated lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) in vivo, lymphatic vessels are commonly considered inconsequential to ionizing radiation (IR)-induced inflammatory injury to normal tissues. Primarily because of the lack of understanding of the acute effects of IR exposure on lymphatic function, acute edema and inflammation, common sequelae of IR exposure, have been ascribed solely to blood vessel damage. Therefore, in the present study, the lymphatic acute responses to IR exposure were quantified to evaluate the hypothesis that IR exposure impairs lymphatic pumping. Rat mesenteric lymphatic vessels were irradiated in vivo or in vitro, and changes in pumping were quantified in isolated vessels in vitro. Compared with sham-treated vessels, pumping was lowered in lymphatic vessels irradiated in vivo but increased in vessels irradiated in vitro. Furthermore, unlike in blood vessels, the acute effects of IR exposure in lymphatic vessels were not mediated by nitric oxide-dependent pathways in either in vivo or in vitro irradiated vessels. After cyclooxygenase blockade, pumping was partially restored in lymphatic vessels irradiated in vitro but not in vessels irradiated in vivo. Taken together, these findings demonstrated that lymphatic vessels are radiosensitive and LEC apoptosis alone may not account for all the effects of IR exposure on the lymphatic system.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Earlier studies leading to the common belief that lymphatic vessels are radioresistant either did not characterize lymphatic pumping, deemed necessary for the resolution of edema and inflammation, or did it in vivo. By characterizing pumping in vitro, the present study, for the first time, demonstrated that lymphatic pumping was impaired in vessels irradiated in vivo and enhanced in vessels irradiated in vitro. Furthermore, the pathways implicated in ionizing radiation-induced blood vessel damage did not mediate lymphatic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reetu Singh
- Michael E. DeBakey Institute for Comparative Cardiovascular Science and Biomedical Devices, Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Cristine L Heaps
- Michael E. DeBakey Institute for Comparative Cardiovascular Science and Biomedical Devices, Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | | | - Michael A Deveau
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Randolph H Stewart
- Michael E. DeBakey Institute for Comparative Cardiovascular Science and Biomedical Devices, Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Glen A Laine
- Michael E. DeBakey Institute for Comparative Cardiovascular Science and Biomedical Devices, Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Ranjeet M Dongaonkar
- Michael E. DeBakey Institute for Comparative Cardiovascular Science and Biomedical Devices, Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
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13
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Lobov GI. Contractile Function of the Capsule of the Bovine Mesenteric Lymph Nodes at the Early Stage of Inflammation. J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022093022060370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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14
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Russell PS, Hucklesby JJW, Hong J, Cao E, Trevaskis NL, Angel CE, Windsor JA, Phillips ARJ. Vmeasur: A software package for experimental and clinical measurement of mesenteric lymphatic contractile function over an extended vessel length. Microcirculation 2022; 29:e12748. [PMID: 35092129 PMCID: PMC9787391 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Conventionally, in vivo mesenteric lymphatic contractile function is measured using a high magnification transmission microscope (field of view 0.3-1.5 mm), which precludes visualization of extended lengths of vessels embedded in mesenteric fat. Existing software is not optimized for imaging at a low magnification using a contrast agent. We aimed to develop a simple and clinically transferable method for in situ visualization, image analysis, and quantitative assessment of mesenteric lymphatic contractile function over an extended area. METHODS Subserosal injection of various blue dyes was taken up by mesenteric lymphatics and visualized under a stereomicroscope (25×), allowing for video recording of 1.4 × 1.1 cm of intact mesentery. A new R package ("vmeasur") that combines multiple high-performance image analyses into a single workflow was developed. The edges of each vessel were determined by applying an automated threshold to each frame (with real-time manual verification). The vessel width at every point in each frame was plotted to provide contractile parameters over time and along the lymphatic vessel length. RESULTS Contractile parameters and their differences along the length of the vessel were accurately calculated in a rodent model. In a human mesenteric lymphatic, the algorithm was also able to measure changes in diameter over length. CONCLUSION This software offers a low cost, rapid, and accessible method to measure lymphatic contractile function over a wide area, showing differences in contractility along the length of a vessel. Because the presence of mesenteric fat has less of an impact on imaging, due to the use of an exogenous contrast agent, there is potential for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter S. Russell
- Applied Surgery and Metabolism LaboratorySchool of Biological SciencesUniversity of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand,Department of SurgeryFaculty of Medical and Health SciencesSurgical and Translational Research CentreUniversity of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand
| | - James J. W. Hucklesby
- Human Cellular Immunology GroupSchool of Biological SciencesUniversity of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand,Department of Molecular Medicine and PathologyFaculty of Medical and Health SciencesUniversity of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand
| | - Jiwon Hong
- Applied Surgery and Metabolism LaboratorySchool of Biological SciencesUniversity of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand,Department of SurgeryFaculty of Medical and Health SciencesSurgical and Translational Research CentreUniversity of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand
| | - Enyuan Cao
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and DynamicsMonash Institute of Pharmaceutical SciencesMonash UniversityParkvilleVic.Australia
| | - Natalie L. Trevaskis
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and DynamicsMonash Institute of Pharmaceutical SciencesMonash UniversityParkvilleVic.Australia
| | - Catherine E. Angel
- Human Cellular Immunology GroupSchool of Biological SciencesUniversity of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand
| | - John A. Windsor
- Department of SurgeryFaculty of Medical and Health SciencesSurgical and Translational Research CentreUniversity of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand
| | - Anthony R. J. Phillips
- Applied Surgery and Metabolism LaboratorySchool of Biological SciencesUniversity of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand,Department of SurgeryFaculty of Medical and Health SciencesSurgical and Translational Research CentreUniversity of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand
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15
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Aldrich MB, Rasmussen JC, DeSnyder SM, Woodward WA, Chan W, Sevick-Muraca EM, Mittendorf EA, Smith BD, Stauder MC, Strom EA, Perkins GH, Hoffman KE, Mitchell MP, Barcenas CH, Isales LE, Shaitelman SF. Prediction of breast cancer-related lymphedema by dermal backflow detected with near-infrared fluorescence lymphatic imaging. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2022; 195:33-41. [PMID: 35816269 PMCID: PMC9272652 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-022-06667-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Mild breast cancer-related lymphedema (BCRL) is clinically diagnosed as a 5%-10% increase in arm volume, typically measured no earlier than 3-6 months after locoregional treatment. Early BCRL treatment is associated with better outcomes, yet amid increasing evidence that lymphedema exists in a latent form, treatment is typically delayed until arm swelling is obvious. In this study, we investigated whether near-infrared fluorescence lymphatic imaging (NIRF-LI) surveillance could characterize early onset of peripheral lymphatic dysfunction as a predictor of BCRL. METHODS In a prospective, longitudinal cohort/observational study (NCT02949726), subjects with locally advanced breast cancer who received axillary lymph node dissection and regional nodal radiotherapy (RT) were followed serially, between 2016 and 2021, before surgery, 4-8 weeks after surgery, and 6, 12, and 18 months after RT. Arm volume was measured by perometry, and lymphatic (dys) function was assessed by NIRF-LI. RESULTS By 18 months after RT, 30 of 42 study subjects (71%) developed mild-moderate BCRL (i.e., ≥ 5% arm swelling relative to baseline), all manifested by "dermal backflow" of lymph into lymphatic capillaries or interstitial spaces. Dermal backflow had an 83% positive predictive value and 86% negative predictive value for BCRL, with a sensitivity of 97%, specificity of 50%, accuracy of 83%, positive likelihood ratio of 1.93, negative likelihood ratio of 0.07, and odds ratio of 29.00. Dermal backflow appeared on average 8.3 months, but up to 23 months, before the onset of mild BCRL. CONCLUSION BCRL can be predicted by dermal backflow, which often appears months before arm swelling, enabling early treatment before the onset of edema and irreversible tissue changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa B Aldrich
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 1825 Pressler, 330D, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - John C Rasmussen
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 1825 Pressler, 330D, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Sarah M DeSnyder
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Unit 1502, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Wendy A Woodward
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Unit 1502, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Wenyaw Chan
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 1825 Pressler, 330D, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Eva M Sevick-Muraca
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 1825 Pressler, 330D, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Mittendorf
- Dana Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Benjamin D Smith
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Unit 1502, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Michael C Stauder
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Unit 1502, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Eric A Strom
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Unit 1502, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - George H Perkins
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Unit 1502, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Karen E Hoffman
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Unit 1502, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Melissa P Mitchell
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Unit 1502, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Carlos H Barcenas
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Unit 1502, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Lynn E Isales
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Unit 1502, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Simona F Shaitelman
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Unit 1502, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
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16
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Zhu L, Wang C, Jiang H, Zhang L, Mao L, Zhang Y, Qi S, Liu X. Quizalofop-P-ethyl induced developmental toxicity and cardiotoxicity in early life stage of zebrafish (Danio rerio). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 238:113596. [PMID: 35526453 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Quizalofop-P-ethyl (QpE), a highly efficient selective herbicide, has good control effect on annual and perennial weeds. However, its excessive use will pose a threat to the ecological environment. QpE has been proven harmful to aquatic organisms, but there is little evidence on the adverse effects of QpE in the early life of aquatic organisms. In this work, zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos were treated with 0.10, 0.20, 0.30, 0.40, and 0.50 mg/L of QpE for 120 h. The findings revealed that the LC50 value of QpE to zebrafish embryos was 0.23 mg/L at 96 hpf. QpE exposure significantly increased the mortality rate, decreased the hatching rate and caused morphological defects during zebrafish embryonic development, with a concentration dependent manner. QpE also caused severe morphological changes in the cardiovascular system, as well as resulted in a dysfunction in cardiovascular performance. Meanwhile, both histopathological examination and neutrophil observations showed inflammatory response occurred in the heart. Furthermore, several genes associated with heart development and inflammation were significantly altered following QpE exposure. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis proved that there was a connection between the changed heart development-relevant and inflammation-related genes. Taken together, our findings suggest that QpE causes cardiotoxicity in zebrafish embryos by altering the expression of genes in the regulatory network of cardiac development, which might be aggravated by inflammatory reactions, thereby affecting embryo development. These findings generated here are useful for in-depth assessment of the effects of QpE on early development of aquatic organisms and providing theoretical foundation for risk management measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizhen Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengju Wang
- College of Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyun Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Lan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Liangang Mao
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanning Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Suzhen Qi
- Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100093, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xingang Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China.
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17
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Wang C, Han L, Wang T, Wang Y, Liu J, Wang B, Xu CB. Cyclosporin A up-regulated thromboxane A 2 receptor through activation of MAPK and NF-κB pathways in rat mesenteric artery. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 926:175034. [PMID: 35588871 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Cyclosporin A (CsA) is an immunosuppressant used in transplantation patients and inflammatory diseases. CsA-induced local vasoconstriction can lead to serious side effects including nephrotoxicity and hypertension. However, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Mesenteric artery rings of rats were cultured with CsA and specific inhibitors for mitogen-activating protein kinases (MAPK) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathways. A sensitive myograph recorded thromboxane (TP) receptor-mediated vasoconstriction. Protein levels of key signaling molecules were assessed by Western blotting. The results show that CsA up-regulated the TP receptor expression with the enhanced vasoconstriction in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Furthermore, the blockage of MAPKs or NF-κB activation markedly attenuated CsA-enhanced vasoconstriction and the TP receptor protein expression. Rats subcutaneously injected with CsA for three weeks showed increased blood pressure in vivo and increased contractile responses to a TP agonist ex vivo. CsA also enhanced TP receptor, as well as p-ERK1/2, p-p38, p- IκBα, p-NF-κB P65 protein levels and decreased IκBα protein expression, demonstrating that CsA induced TP receptor enhanced-vasoconstriction via activation of MAPK and NF-κB pathways. In conclusion, CsA up-regulated the expression of TP receptors via activation of MAPK and NF-κB pathways. The results may provide novel options for prevention of CsA-associated hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamics and Material Basis of Chinese Medicine of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China.
| | - Lihua Han
- Department of Pharmacology, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Yuying Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Jiping Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamics and Material Basis of Chinese Medicine of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamics and Material Basis of Chinese Medicine of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Cang-Bao Xu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease, Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China.
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18
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Solari E, Marcozzi C, Ottaviani C, Negrini D, Moriondo A. Draining the Pleural Space: Lymphatic Vessels Facing the Most Challenging Task. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11030419. [PMID: 35336793 PMCID: PMC8945018 DOI: 10.3390/biology11030419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary Fluid drainage operated by lymphatic vessels is crucial for a proper volume homeostasis of body compartments. This role is particularly relevant for the pleural cavity, where the hydraulic pressure of the pleural liquid is very subatmospheric and fluid filtering from the blood capillaries into the pleural space must be continuously removed to keep the pleural space volume low and to prevent accumulation of liquid causing impairments of the respiratory mechanics. In order to accomplish this task, lymphatic vessels of the pleural side of the diaphragm and those lying on the pleural surface of the chest wall must possess a negative intraluminal pressure which has to vary during the respiratory cycle to follow the similar variations occurring to the pressure of pleural liquid. This review focuses on the in vivo pressure measurements performed in sedated animal models to understand how these lymphatic networks can accomplish this complex but pivotal role. Abstract Lymphatic vessels exploit the mechanical stresses of their surroundings together with intrinsic rhythmic contractions to drain lymph from interstitial spaces and serosal cavities to eventually empty into the blood venous stream. This task is more difficult when the liquid to be drained has a very subatmospheric pressure, as it occurs in the pleural cavity. This peculiar space must maintain a very low fluid volume at negative hydraulic pressure in order to guarantee a proper mechanical coupling between the chest wall and lungs. To better understand the potential for liquid drainage, the key parameter to be considered is the difference in hydraulic pressure between the pleural space and the lymphatic lumen. In this review we collected old and new findings from in vivo direct measurements of hydraulic pressures in anaesthetized animals with the aim to better frame the complex physiology of diaphragmatic and intercostal lymphatics which drain liquid from the pleural cavity.
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19
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Davis MJ, Scallan JP, Castorena-Gonzalez JA, Kim HJ, Ying LH, Pin YK, Angeli V. Multiple aspects of lymphatic dysfunction in an ApoE -/- mouse model of hypercholesterolemia. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1098408. [PMID: 36685213 PMCID: PMC9852907 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1098408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Rodent models of cardiovascular disease have uncovered various types of lymphatic vessel dysfunction that occur in association with atherosclerosis, type II diabetes and obesity. Previously, we presented in vivo evidence for impaired lymphatic drainage in apolipoprotein E null (ApoE -/- ) mice fed a high fat diet (HFD). Whether this impairment relates to the dysfunction of collecting lymphatics remains an open question. The ApoE -/- mouse is a well-established model of cardiovascular disease, in which a diet rich in fat and cholesterol on an ApoE deficient background accelerates the development of hypercholesteremia, atherosclerotic plaques and inflammation of the skin and other tissues. Here, we investigated various aspects of lymphatic function using ex vivo tests of collecting lymphatic vessels from ApoE +/+ or ApoE -/- mice fed a HFD. Methods: Popliteal collectors were excised from either strain and studied under defined conditions in which we could quantify changes in lymphatic contractile strength, lymph pump output, secondary valve function, and collecting vessel permeability. Results: Our results show that all these aspects of lymphatic vessel function are altered in deleterious ways in this model of hypercholesterolemia. Discussion: These findings extend previous in vivo observations suggesting significant dysfunction of lymphatic endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells from collecting vessels in association with a HFD on an ApoE-deficient background. An implication of our study is that collecting vessel dysfunction in this context may negatively impact the removal of cholesterol by the lymphatic system from the skin and the arterial wall and thereby exacerbate the progression and/or severity of atherosclerosis and associated inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Davis
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Joshua P Scallan
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | | | - Hae Jin Kim
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Lim Hwee Ying
- Immunology Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yeo Kim Pin
- Immunology Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Veronique Angeli
- Immunology Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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20
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NAGAHARA T, OHNO K, NAGAO I, NAKAGAWA T, GOTO-KOSHINO Y, TSUBOI M, CHAMBERS JK, UCHIDA K, TOMIYASU H, TSUJIMOTO H. Evaluation of the degree and distribution of lymphangiectasia in full-thickness canine small intestinal specimens diagnosed with lymphoplasmacytic enteritis and granulomatous lymphangitis. J Vet Med Sci 2022; 84:566-573. [PMID: 35283405 PMCID: PMC9096046 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.21-0257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal lymphangiectasia (IL) is often observed in dogs with chronic small intestinal
diseases. Hypoplasia of the lymphatic vessel due to decreased lymphangiogenesis, which has
been suggested in human idiopathic IL, may contribute to the pathogenesis of canine IL.
This study aimed to evaluate the diameter and number of lymphatic vessels in
full-thickness small intestinal specimens of dogs with IL. Immunohistochemical labeling of
lymphatic endothelial cell markers was performed on retrospectively retrieved
full-thickness small intestinal specimens. Sixteen dogs with histologically confirmed IL
were included, of which 10 had lymphoplasmacytic enteritis (LPE), and six had
granulomatous lymphangitis (GL). Nine dogs that died from non-gastrointestinal disorders
and with little or no abnormalities in the small intestine were used as controls.
Lymphatic vessel diameters in dogs with IL were significantly increased in all layers of
the small intestine, including the villus lacteal, lamina propria, submucosa, muscularis,
and mesentery, compared with controls (all P<0.01). There was no
significant difference in the lymphatic vessel diameters between dogs with LPE and GL (all
P>0.05). There was no significant difference in the number of
lymphatic vessels between dogs with IL and the controls in all layers of the small
intestine (all P>0.05). This study demonstrated that IL was observed
in all layers of the small intestine, including the submucosa, muscularis, and mesentery,
independent of the underlying disease. Factors other than reduced lymphatic vessels would
contribute to the pathogenesis of IL in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuro NAGAHARA
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo
| | - Koichi OHNO
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo
| | - Itsuma NAGAO
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo
| | - Taisuke NAKAGAWA
- Veterinary Medical Center, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo
| | - Yuko GOTO-KOSHINO
- Veterinary Medical Center, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo
| | - Masaya TSUBOI
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo
| | - James K. CHAMBERS
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo
| | - Kazuyuki UCHIDA
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo
| | - Hirotaka TOMIYASU
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo
| | - Hajime TSUJIMOTO
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo
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21
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Selahi A, Fernando T, Chakraborty S, Muthuchamy M, Zawieja DC, Jain A. Lymphangion-chip: a microphysiological system which supports co-culture and bidirectional signaling of lymphatic endothelial and muscle cells. LAB ON A CHIP 2021; 22:121-135. [PMID: 34850797 PMCID: PMC9761984 DOI: 10.1039/d1lc00720c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The pathophysiology of several lymphatic diseases, such as lymphedema, depends on the function of lymphangions that drive lymph flow. Even though the signaling between the two main cellular components of a lymphangion, endothelial cells (LECs) and muscle cells (LMCs), is responsible for crucial lymphatic functions, there are no in vitro models that have included both cell types. Here, a fabrication technique (gravitational lumen patterning or GLP) is developed to create a lymphangion-chip. This organ-on-chip consists of co-culture of a monolayer of endothelial lumen surrounded by multiple and uniformly thick layers of muscle cells. The platform allows construction of a wide range of luminal diameters and muscular layer thicknesses, thus providing a toolbox to create variable anatomy. In this device, lymphatic muscle cells align circumferentially while endothelial cells aligned axially under flow, as only observed in vivo in the past. This system successfully characterizes the dynamics of cell size, density, growth, alignment, and intercellular gap due to co-culture and shear. Finally, exposure to pro-inflammatory cytokines reveals that the device could facilitate the regulation of endothelial barrier function through the lymphatic muscle cells. Therefore, this bioengineered platform is suitable for use in preclinical research of lymphatic and blood mechanobiology, inflammation, and translational outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirali Selahi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Texas A&M University, 101 Bizzell Street College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
| | - Teshan Fernando
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Texas A&M University, 101 Bizzell Street College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
| | - Sanjukta Chakraborty
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Bryan, TX, USA
| | - Mariappan Muthuchamy
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Bryan, TX, USA
| | - David C Zawieja
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Bryan, TX, USA
| | - Abhishek Jain
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Texas A&M University, 101 Bizzell Street College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Bryan, TX, USA
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Academic Institute, Houston, TX, USA
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22
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Bernard FC, Kaiser J, Raval SK, Nepiyushchikh ZV, Doan TN, Willett NJ, Dixon JB. Multichromatic near-infrared imaging to assess interstitial lymphatic and venous uptake in vivo. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2021; 26:JBO-210078R. [PMID: 34881527 PMCID: PMC8654485 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.26.12.126001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Changes in interstitial fluid clearance are implicated in many diseases. Using near-infrared (NIR) imaging with properly sized tracers could enhance our understanding of how venous and lymphatic drainage are involved in disease progression or enhance drug delivery strategies. AIM We investigated multichromatic NIR imaging with multiple tracers to assess in vivo microvascular clearance kinetics and pathways in different tissue spaces. APPROACH We used a chemically inert IR Dye 800CW (D800) to target venous capillaries and a purified conjugate of IR dye 680RD with 40 kDa PEG (P40D680) to target lymphatic capillaries in vivo. Optical imaging settings were validated and tuned in vitro using tissue phantoms. We investigated multichromatic NIR imaging's utility in two in vivo tissue beds: the mouse tail and rat knee joint. We then tested the ability of the approach to detect interstitial fluid perturbations due to exercise. RESULTS In an in vitro simulated tissue environment, free dye and PEG mixture allowed for simultaneous detection without interference. In the mouse tail, co-injected NIR tracers cleared from the interstitial space via distinct routes, suggestive of lymphatic and venous uptake mechanisms. In the rat knee, we determined that exercise after injection transiently increased lymphatic drainage as measured by lower normalized intensity immediately after exercise, whereas exercise pre-injection exhibited a transient delay in clearance from the joint. CONCLUSIONS NIR imaging enables simultaneous imaging of lymphatic and venous-mediated fluid clearance with great sensitivity and can be used to measure temporal changes in clearance rates and pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrice C. Bernard
- Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Jarred Kaiser
- Emory University, Department of Orthopaedics, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Sarvgna K. Raval
- Emory University, Department of Orthopaedics, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Zhanna V. Nepiyushchikh
- Georgia Institute of Technology, George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Thanh N. Doan
- Emory University, Department of Orthopaedics, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Nick J. Willett
- Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
- Emory University, Department of Orthopaedics, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
- Atlanta Veteran’s Affairs Medical Center, Department of Orthopaedics, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
- Georgia Institute of Technology, Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - J. Brandon Dixon
- Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
- Georgia Institute of Technology, George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
- Georgia Institute of Technology, Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
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23
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Kim HJ, Li M, Nichols CG, Davis MJ. Large-conductance calcium-activated K + channels, rather than K ATP channels, mediate the inhibitory effects of nitric oxide on mouse lymphatic pumping. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 178:4119-4136. [PMID: 34213021 PMCID: PMC9793343 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE KATP channels are negative regulators of lymphatic vessel excitability and contractility and are proposed to be targets for immune cell products that inhibit lymph transport. Previous studies in rat and guinea pig mesenteric lymphatics found that NO-mediated inhibition of lymphatic contraction was prevented or reversed by the KATP channel inhibitor, glibenclamide. We revisited this hypothesis using mouse lymphatic vessels and KATP channel knockout mice. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Mouse popliteal lymphatics were isolated, and contractility was assessed using pressure myography. K+ channel expression was determined by PCR analysis of FACS-purified lymphatic smooth muscle cells. KEY RESULTS The NO-producing agonist, ACh, and the NO donor, NONOate, both produced dose-dependent inhibition of spontaneous lymphatic contractions that were blocked by the soluble GC inhibitor, ODQ, or the PKG inhibitor, Rp-8-Br-PET-cGMPS. Surprisingly, the inhibitory effects of both were preserved in Kir 6.1-/- vessels, suggesting that KATP channels did not mediate NO-induced responses. We hypothesized a role for BK channels, given their prominence in arterial smooth muscle. Indeed, BK channels were expressed in mouse lymphatic smooth muscle and NS11021 (a BK channel activator) caused dilation and reduced contraction frequency, whereas iberiotoxin and penitrem A (BK channel inhibitors) produced right-ward shifts in NONOate concentration-response curves. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Inhibition of mouse lymphatic contractions by NO primarily involves activation of BK channels, rather than KATP channels. Thus, BK channels are a potential target for therapeutic reversal of lymph pump inhibition by NO generated by immune cell activation of iNOS in chronic lymphoedema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae Jin Kim
- Department of Medical Pharmacology & Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| | - Min Li
- Department of Medical Pharmacology & Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| | - Colin G. Nichols
- Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO
| | - Michael J. Davis
- Department of Medical Pharmacology & Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
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24
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Hahn RG, Dull RO. Interstitial washdown and vascular albumin refill during fluid infusion: novel kinetic analysis from three clinical trials. Intensive Care Med Exp 2021; 9:44. [PMID: 34448075 PMCID: PMC8390591 DOI: 10.1186/s40635-021-00407-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Increased capillary filtration may paradoxically accelerate vascular refill of both fluid and albumin from the interstitial space, which is claimed to be edema-preventing. We characterized this proposed mechanism, called "interstitial washdown", by kinetic analyses of the hemodilution induced by intravenous infusion of crystalloid fluid during 3 distinct physiological states. METHODS Greater plasma dilution of hemoglobin as compared to albumin during fluid therapy indicated recruitment of albumin, which was compared to the flow of interstitial fluid to the plasma as indicated by population volume kinetic analysis. Data for the comparison were derived from 24 infusions of crystalloid fluid in conscious volunteers, 30 in anesthetized patients, and 31 in patients with ketoacidosis from hyperglycemia. RESULTS "Interstitial washdown" increased the plasma albumin concentration by between 0.3 and 1.0 g/L in the three series of infusions. The initial albumin concentration in the interstitial fluid returning to the plasma was estimated to between 22 g/L and 29 g/L, which decreased to an average of 50-75% lower during the subsequent 2-3 h. Kinetic simulations show that pronounced washdown was associated with increased capillary filtration (high k12) and, in conscious subjects, with greater plasma and interstitial volume expansion and restricted urine flow. During anesthesia, the main effect was an increase in the non-exchangeable fluid volume ("third-spacing"). CONCLUSIONS Crystalloid fluid accelerates lymphatic flow that moderately increases plasma albumin, but more clearly helps to maintain the intravascular volume. This "interstitial washdown" mechanism becomes exhausted after a few hours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert G Hahn
- Karolinska Institute at Danderyds Hospital (KIDS), Stockholm, Sweden. .,Research Unit, Södertälje Hospital, 152 86, Södertälje, Sweden.
| | - Randal O Dull
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, USA
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25
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Russell PS, Hong J, Trevaskis NL, Windsor JA, Martin ND, Phillips ARJ. Lymphatic Contractile Function: A Comprehensive Review of Drug Effects and Potential Clinical Application. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 118:2437-2457. [PMID: 34415332 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The lymphatic system and the cardiovascular system work together to maintain body fluid homeostasis. Despite that, the lymphatic system has been relatively neglected as a potential drug target and a source of adverse effects from cardiovascular drugs. Like the heart, the lymphatic vessels undergo phasic contractions to promote lymph flow against a pressure gradient. Dysfunction or failure of the lymphatic pump results in fluid imbalance and tissue oedema. While this can due to drug effects, it is also a feature of breast cancer-associated lymphoedema, chronic venous insufficiency, congestive heart failure and acute systemic inflammation. There are currently no specific drug treatments for lymphatic pump dysfunction in clinical use despite the wealth of data from pre-clinical studies. AIM To identify (1) drugs with direct effects on lymphatic tonic and phasic contractions with potential for clinical application, and (2) drugs in current clinical use that have a positive or negative side effect on lymphatic function. METHODS We comprehensively reviewed all studies that tested the direct effect of a drug on the contractile function of lymphatic vessels. RESULTS Of the 208 drugs identified from 193 studies, about a quarter had only stimulatory effects on lymphatic tone, contraction frequency and/or contraction amplitude. Of FDA-approved drugs, there were 14 that increased lymphatic phasic contractile function. The most frequently used class of drug with inhibitory effects on lymphatic pump function were the calcium channels blockers. CONCLUSION This review highlights the opportunity for specific drug treatments of lymphatic dysfunction in various disease states and for avoiding adverse drug effects on lymphatic contractile function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter S Russell
- Applied Surgery and Metabolism Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Surgical and Translational Research Centre, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jiwon Hong
- Applied Surgery and Metabolism Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Surgical and Translational Research Centre, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Natalie L Trevaskis
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - John A Windsor
- Surgical and Translational Research Centre, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Niels D Martin
- Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Anthony R J Phillips
- Applied Surgery and Metabolism Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Surgical and Translational Research Centre, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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26
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Yin Y, Yang J, Pan Y, Guo Z, Gao Y, Huang L, Zhou D, Ge Y, Guo F, Zhu W, Song Y, Li Y. Chylomicrons-Simulating Sustained Drug Release in Mesenteric Lymphatics for the Treatment of Crohn's-Like Colitis. J Crohns Colitis 2021; 15:631-646. [PMID: 32978613 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjaa200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Alteration to both the structures and functions of mesenteric lymphatic vessels is a typical hallmark of Crohn's disease [CD]. Dysfunctional lymphatics was observed in patients with both CD and experimental colitis, suggesting mesenteric lymphatics could be potential therapeutic targets. This study aimed to develop a nano-delivery system which can enhance drug delivery in mesenteric lymphatic tissue [MLT] and evaluate the therapeutic effects in Crohn's colitis. METHODS We designed a mesoporous silica nanoparticle [MSN] conjugated with long-chain fatty acid [LMSN] and covered with enteric coating [ELMSN] which can be specifically transported via the mesenteric lymphatic system. The therapeutic efficacy of laquinimod-loaded nanoparticles [LAQ@ELMSN] was evaluated in the well-established interleukin [IL]-10-/- spontaneous experimental colitis. RESULTS ELMSNs induced sustainable drug release that markedly increased drug concentration in MLT. In experimental colitis, the lymphatics-targeting drug delivery system suppressed lymphangitis and promoted lymphatic drainage. The downregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the downstream NF-κB-related proteins efficiently inhibited lymphangiogenesis and restored tight junctions of mesenteric lymphatic vessels [MLVs]. LAQ@ELMSN showed a superior therapeutic effect in ameliorating intestinal inflammation compared with free drug administration. Alteration of gut microbiota and metabolites in experimental colitis was also reversed by LAQ@ELMSN. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates a convenient, orally administered drug delivery system which enhances drug release in MLT. The results confirm the contribution of the mesenteric lymphatic system to the pathogenesis of gut inflammation and shed light on the application of lymphatics-targeting drug delivery therapy as a potential therapeutic strategy for CD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yin
- Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingjing Yang
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yongchun Pan
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhen Guo
- Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanfeng Gao
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liangyu Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dongtao Zhou
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ge
- Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Feilong Guo
- Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weiming Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yujun Song
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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27
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Regulation of lymphatic function and injury by nitrosative stress in obese mice. Mol Metab 2020; 42:101081. [PMID: 32941994 PMCID: PMC7536739 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2020.101081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Obesity results in lymphatic dysfunction, but the cellular mechanisms that mediate this effect remain largely unknown. Previous studies in obese mice have shown that inducible nitric oxide synthase-expressing (iNOS+) inflammatory cells accumulate around lymphatic vessels. In the current study, we therefore tested the hypothesis that increased expression of iNOS results in nitrosative stress and injury to the lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs). In addition, we tested the hypothesis that lymphatic injury, independent of obesity, can modulate glucose and lipid metabolism. Methods We compared the metabolic changes and lymphatic function of wild-type and iNOS knockout mice fed a normal chow or high-fat diet for 16 weeks. To corroborate our in vivo findings, we analyzed the effects of reactive nitrogen species on isolated LECs. Finally, using a genetically engineered mouse model that allows partial ablation of the lymphatic system, we studied the effects of acute lymphatic injury on glucose and lipid metabolism in lean mice. Results The mesenteric lymphatic vessels of obese wild-type animals were dilated, leaky, and surrounded by iNOS+ inflammatory cells with resulting increased accumulation of reactive nitrogen species when compared with lean wild-type or obese iNOS knockout animals. These changes in obese wild-type mice were associated with systemic glucose and lipid abnormalities, as well as decreased mesenteric LEC expression of lymphatic-specific genes, including vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3 (VEGFR-3) and antioxidant genes as compared with lean wild-type or obese iNOS knockout animals. In vitro experiments demonstrated that isolated LECs were more sensitive to reactive nitrogen species than blood endothelial cells, and that this sensitivity was ameliorated by antioxidant therapies. Finally, using mice in which the lymphatics were specifically ablated using diphtheria toxin, we found that the interaction between metabolic abnormalities caused by obesity and lymphatic dysfunction is bidirectional. Targeted partial ablation of mesenteric lymphatic channels of lean mice resulted in increased accumulation of iNOS+ inflammatory cells and increased reactive nitrogen species. Lymphatic ablation also caused marked abnormalities in insulin sensitivity, serum glucose and insulin concentrations, expression of insulin-sensitive genes, lipid metabolism, and significantly increased systemic and mesenteric white adipose tissue (M-WAT) inflammatory responses. Conclusions Our studies suggest that increased iNOS production in obese animals plays a key role in regulating lymphatic injury by increasing nitrosative stress. In addition, our studies suggest that obesity-induced lymphatic injury may amplify metabolic abnormalities by increasing systemic and local inflammatory responses and regulating insulin sensitivity. These findings suggest that manipulation of the lymphatic system may represent a novel means of treating metabolic abnormalities associated with obesity. Increased iNOS+ cells around mesenteric lymphatics of high fat diet-induced obese mice. iNOS knockout mice are protected from obesity-induced lymphatic dysfunction. Lymphatic endothelial cells are highly sensitive to nitrosative stress. Nitrosative stress causes lymphatic gene regulation. Lymphatic injury alone enhances iNOS+ cells and causes insulin resistance and dyslipidemia.
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28
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Fathi P, Holland G, Pan D, Esch MB. Lymphatic Vessel on a Chip with Capability for Exposure to Cyclic Fluidic Flow. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:6697-6707. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c00609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Parinaz Fathi
- Biomedical Technologies Group, Microsystems and Nanotechnology Division, Physical Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
- Departments of Bioengineering, Materials Science and Engineering, and Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois 61801, United States
- Mills Breast Cancer Institute, Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Glenn Holland
- Photonics and Plasmonics Group, Microsystems and Nanotechnology Division, Physical Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Dipanjan Pan
- Departments of Bioengineering, Materials Science and Engineering, and Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois 61801, United States
- Mills Breast Cancer Institute, Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Mandy B. Esch
- Biomedical Technologies Group, Microsystems and Nanotechnology Division, Physical Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
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29
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Pal S, Nath S, Meininger CJ, Gashev AA. Emerging Roles of Mast Cells in the Regulation of Lymphatic Immuno-Physiology. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1234. [PMID: 32625213 PMCID: PMC7311670 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) are abundant in almost all vascularized tissues. Furthermore, their anatomical proximity to lymphatic vessels and their ability to synthesize, store and release a large array of inflammatory and vasoactive mediators emphasize their significance in the regulation of the lymphatic vascular functions. As a major secretory cell of the innate immune system, MCs maintain their steady-state granule release under normal physiological conditions; however, the inflammatory response potentiates their ability to synthesize and secrete these mediators. Activation of MCs in response to inflammatory signals can trigger adaptive immune responses by dendritic cell-directed T cell activation. In addition, through the secretion of various mediators, cytokines and growth factors, MCs not only facilitate interaction and migration of immune cells, but also influence lymphatic permeability, contractility, and vascular remodeling as well as immune cell trafficking through the lymphatic vessels. In summary, the consequences of these events directly affect the lymphatic niche, influencing inflammation at multiple levels. In this review, we have summarized the recent advancements in our understanding of the MC biology in the context of the lymphatic vascular system. We have further highlighted the MC-lymphatic interaction axis from the standpoint of the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarit Pal
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center College of Medicine, Bryan, TX, United States
| | - Shubhankar Nath
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Cynthia J Meininger
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center College of Medicine, Bryan, TX, United States
| | - Anatoliy A Gashev
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center College of Medicine, Bryan, TX, United States
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30
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Vafa S, Haghighat S, Janani L, Totmaj AS, Navaei M, Amirinejad A, Emamat H, Salehi Z, Zarrati M. The effects of synbiotic supplementation on serum inflammatory markers and edema volume in breast cancer survivors with lymphedema. EXCLI JOURNAL 2020; 19:1-15. [PMID: 32038113 PMCID: PMC7003637 DOI: 10.17179/excli2019-1876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer-related lymphedema (BCRL) is one of the most common complications of breast cancer treatments, which may be exacerbated by obesity. Dysbiosis may negatively impact the management of obesity and lymphedema by increasing inflammation. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of supplementation with synbiotics on inflammatory markers, serum leptin concentration and edema volume in overweight and obese BCRL women following a low-calorie diet (LCD). In a randomized double-blind controlled clinical trial, 88 breast cancer survivors with lymphedema were supplemented once a day for 10 weeks with either a synbiotic or a placebo capsule. Both groups were under a low-calorie diet (LCD). At the end of the study, synbiotic supplementation resulted in a significant reduction in leptin (P=0.003) and TNF-α (P=0.039) between the study groups. Besides, edema volume was significantly reduced within the synbiotic group after the intervention. We did not observe any significant effects of the synbiotic supplementation in hs-CRP, and IL-1β between the study groups (P=0.550, P=0.118 respectively). Conclusively, synbiotic supplementation along with an LCD program in breast cancer survivors with lymphedema had beneficial effects on the concentration of serum inflammatory markers and edema volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeideh Vafa
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahpar Haghighat
- Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Janani
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Saneei Totmaj
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehraban Navaei
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Amirinejad
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hadi Emamat
- Student Research Committee, Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Salehi
- Immunology Department, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mitra Zarrati
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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31
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Milasan A, Smaani A, Martel C. Early rescue of lymphatic function limits atherosclerosis progression in Ldlr -/- mice. Atherosclerosis 2019; 283:106-119. [PMID: 30851674 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2019.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Our previous data showed that lymphatic function impairment occurs before the onset of atherosclerosis in mice and is precociously associated with a defect in the propelling capacity of the collecting lymphatic vessels. Concomitantly, we found that lymphatic transport can be restored in mice by systemic injections of a mutant form of VEGF-C (VEGF-C 152s), a growth factor known to increase mesenteric collecting lymphatic vessel pumping through a VEGFR-3-dependent mechanism in rats. In the present study, we aimed to determine whether and how early modulation of collecting lymphatic vessel function could restrain atherosclerosis onset and limit its progression. METHODS Before the administration of a pro-atherosclerotic regimen, Ldlr-/- mice at 6 weeks of age were injected intraperitoneally with VEGF-C 152s or PBS every other day for 4 weeks, fed on high fat diet (HFD) for an additional 8 weeks to promote plaque progression, and switched back on chow diet for 4 more weeks to stabilize the lesion. RESULTS Early treatment with VEGF-C first improved lymphatic molecular transport in 6-week-old Ldlr-/- mice and subsequently limited plaque formation and macrophage accumulation, while improving inflammatory cell migration through the lymphatics in HFD-fed mice. The contraction frequency of the collecting lymphatic vessels was significantly increased following treatment throughout the whole atherosclerotic process and resulted in enhanced plaque stabilization. This early and maintained rescue of the lymphatic dysfunction was associated with an upregulation of VEGFR3 and FOXC2 expression on lymphatic endothelial cells. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that early treatments that specifically target the lymphatic contraction capacity prior to lesion formation might be a novel therapeutic approach for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreea Milasan
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ali Smaani
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Catherine Martel
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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Seamons A, Treuting PM, Meeker S, Hsu C, Paik J, Brabb T, Escobar SS, Alexander JS, Ericsson AC, Smith JG, Maggio-Price L. Obstructive Lymphangitis Precedes Colitis in Murine Norovirus-Infected Stat1-Deficient Mice. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2018; 188:1536-1554. [PMID: 29753791 PMCID: PMC6109697 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2018.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Murine norovirus (MNV) is an RNA virus that can prove lethal in mice with impaired innate immunity. We found that MNV-4 infection of Stat1-/- mice was not lethal, but produced a 100% penetrant, previously undescribed lymphatic phenotype characterized by chronic-active lymphangitis with hepatitis, splenitis, and chronic cecal and colonic inflammation. Lesion pathogenesis progressed from early ileal enteritis and regional dilated lymphatics to lymphangitis, granulomatous changes in the liver and spleen, and, ultimately, typhlocolitis. Lesion development was neither affected by antibiotics nor reproduced by infection with another enteric RNA virus, rotavirus. MNV-4 infection in Stat1-/- mice decreased expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (Vegf) receptor 3, Vegf-c, and Vegf-d and increased interferon (Ifn)-γ, tumor necrosis factor-α, and inducible nitric oxide synthase. However, anti-IFN-γ and anti-tumor necrosis factor-α antibody treatment did not attenuate the histologic lesions. Studies in Ifnαβγr-/- mice suggested that canonical signaling via interferon receptors did not cause MNV-4-induced disease. Infected Stat1-/- mice had increased STAT3 phosphorylation and expressed many STAT3-regulated genes, consistent with our findings of increased myeloid cell subsets and serum granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, which are also associated with increased STAT3 activity. In conclusion, in Stat1-/- mice, MNV-4 induces lymphatic lesions similar to those seen in Crohn disease as well as hepatitis, splenitis, and typhlocolitis. MNV-4-infected Stat1-/- mice may be a useful model to study mechanistic associations between viral infections, lymphatic dysfunction, and intestinal inflammation in a genetically susceptible host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Seamons
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.
| | - Piper M Treuting
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Stacey Meeker
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Charlie Hsu
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Jisun Paik
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Thea Brabb
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Sabine S Escobar
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Jonathan S Alexander
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University, Shreveport, Louisiana
| | - Aaron C Ericsson
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Jason G Smith
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Lillian Maggio-Price
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
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Narayanan SA, Metzger CE, Bloomfield SA, Zawieja DC. Inflammation-induced lymphatic architecture and bone turnover changes are ameliorated by irisin treatment in chronic inflammatory bowel disease. FASEB J 2018; 32:4848-4861. [PMID: 29596023 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201800178r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic disease with gastrointestinal dysfunction as well as comorbidities such as inflammation-induced bone loss and impaired immune response. Current treatments for IBD all have negative, potentially severe side effects. We aimed to test whether exogenous treatment with irisin, a novel immunomodulatory adipomyokine, could ameliorate IBD-induced lymphatic and bone alterations. Irisin treatment improved both gut and bone outcomes by mitigating inflammation and restoring structure. In the gut, IBD caused colonic lymphatic hyperproliferation into the mucosal and submucosal compartments. This proliferation in the rodent model is akin to what is observed in IBD patient case studies. In bone, IBD increased osteoclast surface and decreased bone formation. Both gut and osteocytes in bone exhibited elevated levels of TNF-α and receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) protein expression. Exogenous irisin treatment restored normal colonic lymphatic architecture and increased bone formation rate concurrent with decreased osteoclast surfaces. After irisin treatment, gut and osteocyte TNF-α and RANKL protein expression levels were no different from vehicle controls. Our data indicate that the systemic immunologic changes that occur in IBD are initiated by damage in the gut and likely linked through the lymphatic system. Additionally, irisin is a potential novel intervention mitigating both local inflammatory changes in the gut and distant changes in bone.-Narayanan, S. A., Metzger, C. E., Bloomfield, S. A., Zawieja, D. C. Inflammation-induced lymphatic architecture and bone turnover changes are ameliorated by irisin treatment in chronic inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Anand Narayanan
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Temple, Texas, USA; and
| | - Corinne E Metzger
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Susan A Bloomfield
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - David C Zawieja
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Temple, Texas, USA; and
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Chronic stress promotes colitis by disturbing the gut microbiota and triggering immune system response. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018. [PMID: 29531080 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1720696115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic stress is known to promote inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), but the underlying mechanism remains largely unresolved. Here, we found chronic stress to sensitize mice to dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis; to increase the infiltration of B cells, neutrophils, and proinflammatory ly6Chi macrophages in colonic lamina propria; and to present with decreased thymus and mesenteric lymph node (MLN) coefficients. Circulating total white blood cells were significantly increased after stress, and the proportion of MLN-associated immune cells were largely changed. Results showed a marked activation of IL-6/STAT3 signaling by stress. The detrimental action of stress was not terminated in IL-6-/- mice. Interestingly, the composition of gut microbiota was dramatically changed after stress, with expansion of inflammation-promoting bacteria. Furthermore, results showed stress-induced deficient expression of mucin-2 and lysozyme, which may contribute to the disorder of gut microbiota. Of note is that, in the case of cohousing, the stress-induced immune reaction and decreased body weight were abrogated, and transferred gut microbiota from stressed mice to control mice was sufficient to facilitate DSS-induced colitis. The important role of gut microbiota was further reinforced by broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment. Taken together, our results reveal that chronic stress disturbs gut microbiota, triggering immune system response and facilitating DSS-induced colitis.
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Abstract
Although nonoperative and operative treatments for lymphedema (LE) are well established, these procedures typically provide only partial relief from limb swelling, functional impairment, and the risk of cellulitis. The lack of a cure for LE, however, is due to an incomplete understanding of the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms, and current research efforts are focusing on elucidating these processes to provide new, targeted therapies for this prevalent disease for which there is no cure. This article reviews the current literature regarding the pathophysiological mechanisms that underlie LE, as well as new and emerging therapies for the condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark V. Schaverien
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Melissa B. Aldrich
- Center for Molecular Imaging, Brown Institute for Molecular Medicine, UT Health, Houston, Texas
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Targeting lymphatic function as a novel therapeutic intervention for rheumatoid arthritis. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2018; 14:94-106. [PMID: 29323343 DOI: 10.1038/nrrheum.2017.205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Although clinical outcomes for patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have greatly improved with the use of biologic and conventional DMARDs, approximately 40% of patients do not achieve primary clinical outcomes in randomized trials, and only a small proportion achieve lasting remission. Over the past decade, studies in murine models point to the critical role of the lymphatic system in the pathogenesis and therapy of inflammatory-erosive arthritis, presumably by the removal of catabolic factors, cytokines and inflammatory cells from the inflamed synovium. Murine studies demonstrate that lymphatic drainage increases at the onset of inflammatory-erosive arthritis but, as inflammation progresses to a more chronic phase, lymphatic clearance declines and both structural and cellular changes are observed in the draining lymph node. Specifically, chronic damage to the lymphatic vessel from persistent inflammation results in loss of lymphatic vessel contraction followed by lymph node collapse, reduced lymphatic drainage, and ultimately severe synovitis and joint erosion. Notably, clinical pilot studies in patients with RA report lymph node changes following treatment, and thus draining lymphatic vessels and nodes could represent a potential biomarker of arthritis activity and response to therapy. Most importantly, targeting lymphatics represents an innovative strategy for therapeutic intervention for RA.
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