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Yang J, Chen L, Zhang J, Liu P, Chen M, Chen Z, Zhong K, Liu J, Chen J, Yang J. TaTHI2 interacts with Ca 2+-dependent protein kinase TaCPK5 to suppress virus infection by regulating ROS accumulation. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2024; 22:1335-1351. [PMID: 38100262 PMCID: PMC11022809 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Thiamine (vitamin B1) biosynthesis involves key enzymes known as thiazole moieties (THI1/THI2), which have been shown to participate in plant responses to abiotic stress. However, the role of THI1/THI2 in plant immunity remains unclear. In this study, we cloned TaTHI2 from wheat and investigated its function in Chinese wheat mosaic virus (CWMV) infection. Overexpression of TaTHI2 (TaTHI2-OE) inhibited CWMV infection, while TaTHI2 silencing enhanced viral infection in wheat. Interestingly, the membrane-localized TaTHI2 protein was increased during CWMV infection. TaTHI2 also interacted with the Ca2+-dependent protein kinase 5 (TaCPK5), which is localized in the plasma membrane, and promoted reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by repressing TaCPK5-mediated activity of the catalase protein TaCAT1. CWMV CP disrupted the interaction between TaTHI2 and TaCAT1, reducing ROS accumulation and facilitating viral infection. Additionally, transgenic plants overexpressing TaTHI2 showed increased seed number per ear and 1000-kernel weight compared to control plants. Our findings reveal a novel function of TaTHI2 in plant immunity and suggest its potential as a valuable gene for balancing disease resistance and wheat yield. Furthermore, the disruption of the TaTHI2-mediated plant immune pathway by CWMV CP provides further evidence for the evolutionary arms race between plants and viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro‐products, Institute of Plant VirologyNingbo UniversityNingboChina
- College of Plant ProtectionNorthwest Agriculture and Forestry UniversityYanglingChina
| | - Lu Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro‐products, Institute of Plant VirologyNingbo UniversityNingboChina
- Institute of Crop Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Juan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro‐products, Institute of Plant VirologyNingbo UniversityNingboChina
| | - Peng Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro‐products, Institute of Plant VirologyNingbo UniversityNingboChina
| | - Ming Chen
- Institute of Crop Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Zhihui Chen
- School of Life SciencesUniversity of DundeeDundeeUK
| | - Kaili Zhong
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro‐products, Institute of Plant VirologyNingbo UniversityNingboChina
| | - Jiaqian Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro‐products, Institute of Plant VirologyNingbo UniversityNingboChina
| | - Jianping Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro‐products, Institute of Plant VirologyNingbo UniversityNingboChina
| | - Jian Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro‐products, Institute of Plant VirologyNingbo UniversityNingboChina
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2
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Huang W, Jiao B, Ji C, Peng Q, Zhou J, Yang Y, Xi D. Catalases mediate tobacco resistance to virus infection through crosstalk between salicylic acid and auxin signaling pathways. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2023; 175:e14012. [PMID: 37882268 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Catalases (CATs) play important roles in plant growth, development and defense responses. Previous studies have shown that CATs exhibit different or even opposite effects on plant immunity in different plant-pathogen interactions, but little is known about the mechanisms. In this study, Nicotiana tabacum plants with overexpression or knockout of CAT genes, tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) and cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) were employed to investigate the role of CAT in compatible plant-virus interactions. The results showed that there were dynamic changes in the effect of CAT on N. tabacum defense responses. Overexpression of catalase 1 (CAT1) and catalase 3 (CAT3) improved N. tabacum resistance in the early stage of virus infection but depressed it during the late stages of pathogenesis, especially in CAT3 overexpressing plants. The lower level of electrolyte leakage, lower contents of malonaldehyde and hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ), higher activities of antioxidant enzymes and improved functions of photosystem II corresponded to the milder symptoms and higher resistance of infected tobacco plants. In addition, the infection of TMV and CMV resulted in expression changes of CATs in tobacco plants, and pretreatment with H2 O2 facilitated TMV and CMV infection. Further experiments showed that the content of salicylic acid (SA) and the expression of genes related to SA signaling pathway were positively correlated with plant resistance, whereas auxin and its related signaling pathway were related to the viral susceptibility of plants. Taken together, our results demonstrated that CAT1 and CAT3 mediated tobacco resistance to virus infection through crosstalk between SA and auxin signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanying Huang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Bolei Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenglong Ji
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiding Peng
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingya Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiting Yang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Dehui Xi
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
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3
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Abdelkhalek A, Bashir S, El-Gendi H, Elbeaino T, El-Rahim WMA, Moawad H. Protective Activity of Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae Strain 33504-Mat209 against Alfalfa Mosaic Virus Infection in Faba Bean Plants. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2658. [PMID: 37514271 PMCID: PMC10384385 DOI: 10.3390/plants12142658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
The application of Rhizobium spp., nitrogen-fixing plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria, as biocontrol agents to enhance systemic disease resistance against plant viral infections is a promising approach towards achieving sustainable and eco-friendly agriculture. However, their potential as antivirals and biocontrol agents is less studied. Herein, the capability of Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae strain 33504-Mat209 was evaluated to promote plant growth and enhance faba bean systemic resistance against alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) infection. Under greenhouse conditions, the soil inoculation with 3504-Mat209 resulted in notable improvements in growth and an increase in chlorophyll content. This led to a marked decrease in the disease incidence, severity, and viral accumulation level by 48, 74, and 87%, respectively. The protective effect of 33504-Mat209 was linked to significant decreases in non-enzymatic oxidative stress indicators, specifically H2O2 and MDA. Additionally, there were significant increases in the activity of reactive oxygen species scavenging enzymes, such as peroxidase (POX) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO), compared to the virus treatment. The elevated transcript levels of polyphenolic pathway genes (C4H, HCT, C3H, and CHS) and pathogenesis-related protein-1 were also observed. Out of 18 detected compounds, HPLC analysis revealed that 33504-Mat209-treated plants increased the accumulation of several compounds, such as gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, catechin, pyrocatechol, daidzein, quercetin, and cinnamic acid. Therefore, the ability of 33504-Mat209 to promote plant growth and induce systemic resistance against AMV infection has implications for utilizing 33504-Mat209 as a fertilizer and biocontrol agent. This could potentially introduce a new strategy for safeguarding crops, promoting sustainability, and ensuring environmental safety in the agricultural sector. As far as we know, this is the first study of biological control of AMV mediated by Rhizobium spp. in faba bean plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Abdelkhalek
- Plant Protection and Biomolecular Diagnosis Department, ALCRI, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, New Borg El Arab City 21934, Egypt
| | - Shimaa Bashir
- Plant Protection and Biomolecular Diagnosis Department, ALCRI, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, New Borg El Arab City 21934, Egypt
| | - Hamada El-Gendi
- Bioprocess Development Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, New Borg El Arab City 21934, Egypt
| | - Toufic Elbeaino
- Istituto Agronomico Mediterraneo di Bari (CIHEAM-IAMB), Via Ceglie 9, Valenzano, 70010 Bari, Italy
| | - Wafaa M Abd El-Rahim
- Agriculture Microbiology Department, National Research Centre, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Hassan Moawad
- Agriculture Microbiology Department, National Research Centre, Cairo 12622, Egypt
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4
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Sun X, Zang L, Liu X, Jiang S, Zhang X, Zhao D, Shang K, Zhou T, Zhu C, Zhu X. Interactions of Tomato Chlorosis Virus p27 Protein with Tomato Catalase Are Involved in Viral Infection. Viruses 2023; 15:v15040990. [PMID: 37112970 PMCID: PMC10145342 DOI: 10.3390/v15040990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV) severely threatens tomato production worldwide. P27 is known to be involved in virion assembly, but its other roles in ToCV infection are unclear. In this study, we found that removal of p27 reduced systemic infection, while ectopic expression of p27 promoted systemic infection of potato virus X in Nicotiana benthamiana. We determined that Solanum lycopersicum catalases (SlCAT) can interact with p27 in vitro and in vivo and that amino acids 73 to 77 of the N-terminus of SlCAT represent the critical region for their interaction. p27 is distributed in the cytoplasm and nucleus, and its coexpression with SlCAT1 or SlCAT2 changes its distribution in the nucleus. Furthermore, we found that silencing of SlCAT1 and SlCAT2 can promote ToCV infection. In conclusion, p27 can promote viral infection by binding directly to inhibit anti-ToCV processes mediated by SlCAT1 or SlCAT2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Sun
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
- College of Plant Protection, Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Lianyi Zang
- College of Plant Protection, Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Xiaoying Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Shanshan Jiang
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Xianping Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Dan Zhao
- College of Plant Protection, Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Kaijie Shang
- College of Plant Protection, Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Tao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Changxiang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Xiaoping Zhu
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
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5
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Méndez-López E, Donaire L, Gosálvez B, Díaz-Vivancos P, Sánchez-Pina MA, Tilsner J, Aranda MA. Tomato SlGSTU38 interacts with the PepMV coat protein and promotes viral infection. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 238:332-348. [PMID: 36631978 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Pepino mosaic virus (PepMV) is pandemic in tomato crops, causing important economic losses world-wide. No PepMV-resistant varieties have been developed yet. Identification of host factors interacting with PepMV proteins is a promising source of genetic targets to develop PepMV-resistant varieties. The interaction between the PepMV coat protein (CP) and the tomato glutathione S-transferase (GST) SlGSTU38 was identified in a yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) screening and validated by directed Y2H and co-immunoprecipitation assays. SlGSTU38-knocked-out Micro-Tom plants (gstu38) generated by the CRISPR/Cas9 technology together with live-cell imaging were used to understand the role of SlGSTU38 during infection. The transcriptomes of healthy and PepMV-infected wild-type (WT) and gstu38 plants were profiled by RNA-seq analysis. SlGSTU38 functions as a PepMV-specific susceptibility factor in a cell-autonomous manner and relocalizes to the virus replication complexes during infection. Besides, knocking out SlGSTU38 triggers reactive oxygen species accumulation in leaves and the deregulation of stress-responsive genes. SlGSTU38 may play a dual role: On the one hand, SlGSTU38 may exert a proviral function depending on its specific interaction with the PepMV CP; and on the other hand, SlGSTU38 may delay PepMV-infection sensing by participating in the redox intracellular homeostasis in a nonspecific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Méndez-López
- Department of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Livia Donaire
- Department of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Blanca Gosálvez
- Department of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Pedro Díaz-Vivancos
- Department of Plant Breeding, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - M Amelia Sánchez-Pina
- Department of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Jens Tilsner
- Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, The University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, The James Hutton Institute, Dundee, DD2 5DA, UK
| | - Miguel A Aranda
- Department of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain
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6
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Baker A, Lin CC, Lett C, Karpinska B, Wright MH, Foyer CH. Catalase: A critical node in the regulation of cell fate. Free Radic Biol Med 2023; 199:56-66. [PMID: 36775107 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Catalase (CAT) is an extensively studied if somewhat enigmatic enzyme that is at the heart of eukaryotic antioxidant systems with a canonical role in peroxisomal function. The CAT family of proteins exert control over a wide range of plant growth and defence processes. CAT proteins are subject to many types of post-translational modification (PTM), which modify activity, ligand binding, stability, compartmentation and function. The CAT interactome involves many cytosolic and nuclear proteins that appear to be essential for protein functions. Hence, the CAT network of roles extends far beyond those associated with peroxisomal metabolism. Some pathogen effector proteins are able to redirect CAT to the nucleus and recent evidence indicates CAT can traffic to the nucleus in the absence of exogenous proteins. While the mechanisms that target CAT to the nucleus are not understood, CAT activity in the cytosol and nucleus is promoted by interactions with nucleoredoxin. Here we discuss recent findings that have been pivotal in generating a step change in our understanding of CAT functions in plant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Baker
- Centre for Plant Sciences and School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK; Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.
| | - Chi-Chuan Lin
- Centre for Plant Sciences and School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Casey Lett
- School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Barbara Karpinska
- School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Megan H Wright
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Christine H Foyer
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
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Zhu X, Guo L, Zhu R, Zhou X, Zhang J, Li D, He S, Qiao Y. Phytophthora sojae effector PsAvh113 associates with the soybean transcription factor GmDPB to inhibit catalase-mediated immunity. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2023. [PMID: 36972124 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Phytophthora species are the most destructive plant pathogens worldwide and the main threat to agricultural and natural ecosystems; however, their pathogenic mechanism remains largely unknown. Here, we show that Avh113 effector is required for the virulence of Phytophthora sojae and is important for development of Phytophthora root and stem rot (PRSR) in soybean (Glycine max). Ectopic expression of PsAvh113 enhanced viral and Phytophthora infection in Nicotiana benthamiana. PsAvh113 directly associated with the soybean transcription factor GmDPB, inducing its degradation by the 26S proteasome. The internal repeat 2 (IR2) motif of PsAvh113 was important for its virulence and interaction with GmDPB, while silencing and overexpression of GmDPB in soybean hairy roots altered the resistance to P. sojae. Upon binding to GmDPB, PsAvh113 decreased the transcription of the downstream gene GmCAT1, which acts as a positive regulator of plant immunity. Furthermore, we revealed that PsAvh113 suppressed the GmCAT1-induced cell death by associating with GmDPB, thereby enhancing plant susceptibility to Phytophthora. Together, our findings reveal a vital role of PsAvh113 in inducing PRSR in soybean and offer a novel insight into the interplay between defence and counter-defence during the P. sojae infection of soybean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoguo Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Guo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruiqing Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyi Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianing Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Die Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shidan He
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongli Qiao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
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8
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Tian G, Wang S, Wu J, Wang Y, Wang X, Liu S, Han D, Xia G, Wang M. Allelic variation of TaWD40-4B.1 contributes to drought tolerance by modulating catalase activity in wheat. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1200. [PMID: 36864053 PMCID: PMC9981739 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36901-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Drought drastically restricts wheat production, so to dissect allelic variations of drought tolerant genes without imposing trade-offs between tolerance and yield is essential to cope with the circumstance. Here, we identify a drought tolerant WD40 protein encoding gene TaWD40-4B.1 of wheat via the genome-wide association study. The full-length allele TaWD40-4B.1C but not the truncated allele TaWD40-4B.1T possessing a nonsense nucleotide variation enhances drought tolerance and grain yield of wheat under drought. TaWD40-4B.1C interacts with canonical catalases, promotes their oligomerization and activities, and reduces H2O2 levels under drought. The knock-down of catalase genes erases the role of TaWD40-4B.1C in drought tolerance. TaWD40-4B.1C proportion in wheat accessions is negatively correlative with the annual rainfall, suggesting this allele may be selected during wheat breeding. The introgression of TaWD40-4B.1C enhances drought tolerance of the cultivar harboring TaWD40-4B.1T. Therefore, TaWD40-4B.1C could be useful for molecular breeding of drought tolerant wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geng Tian
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environment Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, 266237, Qingdao, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Shubin Wang
- Institute of Vegetable Research, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 250100, Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Jianhui Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Yanxia Wang
- Shijiazhuang Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, 050050, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, P. R. China
| | - Xiutang Wang
- Shijiazhuang Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, 050050, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, P. R. China
| | - Shuwei Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environment Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, 266237, Qingdao, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Dejun Han
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Guangmin Xia
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environment Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, 266237, Qingdao, Shandong, P. R. China.
| | - Mengcheng Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environment Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, 266237, Qingdao, Shandong, P. R. China.
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9
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Yang T, Peng Q, Lin H, Xi D. Alpha-momorcharin preserves catalase activity to inhibit viral infection by disrupting the 2b-CAT interaction in Solanum lycopersicum. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2023; 24:107-122. [PMID: 36377585 PMCID: PMC9831283 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Many host factors of plants are used by viruses to facilitate viral infection. However, little is known about how alpha-momorcharin (αMMC) counters virus-mediated attack strategies in tomato. Our present research revealed that the 2b protein of cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) directly interacted with catalases (CATs) and inhibited their activities. Further analysis revealed that transcription levels of catalase were induced by CMV infection and that virus accumulation increased in CAT-silenced or 2b-overexpressing tomato plants compared with that in control plants, suggesting that the interaction between 2b and catalase facilitated the accumulation of CMV in hosts. However, both CMV accumulation and viral symptoms were reduced in αMMC transgenic tomato plants, indicating that αMMC engaged in an antiviral role in the plant response to CMV infection. Molecular experimental analysis demonstrated that αMMC interfered with the interactions between catalases and 2b in a competitive manner, with the expression of αMMC inhibited by CMV infection. We further demonstrated that the inhibition of catalase activity by 2b was weakened by αMMC. Accordingly, αMMC transgenic plants exhibited a greater ability to maintain redox homeostasis than wild-type plants when infected with CMV. Altogether, these results reveal that αMMC retains catalase activity to inhibit CMV infection by subverting the interaction between 2b and catalase in tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Yang
- Key Laboratory of Bio‐Resource and Eco‐Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life SciencesSichuan UniversityChengduChina
- Hubei Engineering Research Center for Protection and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in the Hanjiang River Basin, College of Life SciencesJianghan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Qiding Peng
- Key Laboratory of Bio‐Resource and Eco‐Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life SciencesSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Honghui Lin
- Key Laboratory of Bio‐Resource and Eco‐Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life SciencesSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Dehui Xi
- Key Laboratory of Bio‐Resource and Eco‐Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life SciencesSichuan UniversityChengduChina
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10
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Jiang X, Walker BJ, He SY, Hu J. The role of photorespiration in plant immunity. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1125945. [PMID: 36818872 PMCID: PMC9928950 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1125945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
To defend themselves in the face of biotic stresses, plants employ a sophisticated immune system that requires the coordination of other biological and metabolic pathways. Photorespiration, a byproduct pathway of oxygenic photosynthesis that spans multiple cellular compartments and links primary metabolisms, plays important roles in defense responses. Hydrogen peroxide, whose homeostasis is strongly impacted by photorespiration, is a crucial signaling molecule in plant immunity. Photorespiratory metabolites, interaction between photorespiration and defense hormone biosynthesis, and other mechanisms, are also implicated. An improved understanding of the relationship between plant immunity and photorespiration may provide a much-needed knowledge basis for crop engineering to maximize photosynthesis without negative tradeoffs in plant immunity, especially because the photorespiratory pathway has become a major target for genetic engineering with the goal to increase photosynthetic efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotong Jiang
- Michigan State University-Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory and Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Berkley J. Walker
- Michigan State University-Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory and Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Sheng Yang He
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Jianping Hu
- Michigan State University-Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory and Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
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Alijani Z, Amini J, Karimi K, Pertot I. Characterization of the Mechanism of Action of Serratia rubidaea Mar61-01 against Botrytis cinerea in Strawberries. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:154. [PMID: 36616283 PMCID: PMC9823761 DOI: 10.3390/plants12010154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Several bacterial strains belonging to Serratia spp. possess biocontrol capability, both against phytopathogens and human pathogenic species, thanks to the production of secondary metabolites, including as a red-pink, non-diffusible pigment, 2-methyl-3-pentyl-6-methoxyprodiginine (prodigiosin). Botrytis cinerea is the causal agent of gray mold, which is an economically relevant disease of many crops worldwide. Gray mold is normally controlled by chemical fungicides, but the environmental and health concerns about the overuse of pesticides call for environmentally friendly approaches, such as the use of biocontrol agents. In this study, the efficacy of a specific strain of Serratia rubidaea (Mar61-01) and its metabolite prodigiosin were assessed against B. cinerea under in vitro and in vivo conditions. This strain was effective against B. cinerea, and the effect of prodigiosin was confirmed under in vitro and in vivo conditions. The strain suppressed mycelial growth of B. cinerea (71.72%) in the dual-culture method. The volatile compounds produced by the strain inhibited mycelial growth and conidia germination of B. cinerea by 65.01% and 71.63%, respectively. Efficacy of prodigiosin produced by S. rubidaea Mar61-01 on mycelial biomass of B. cinerea was 94.15% at the highest concentration tested (420 µg/mL). The effect of prodigiosin on plant enzymes associated with induction of resistance was also studied, indicating that the activity of polyphenol oxidase (PPO), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) were increased when prodigiosin was added to the B. cinerea inoculum on strawberry fruits, while catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) did not change. In addition, the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced by S. rubidaea Mar61-01 reduced mycelial growth and inhibited conidial germination of B. cinerea in vitro. The findings confirmed the relevant role of prodigiosin produced by S. rubidaea Mar61-01 in the biocontrol of B. cinerea of strawberries, but also indicate that there are multiple mechanisms of action, where the VOCs produced by the bacterium and the plant-defense reaction may contribute to the control of the phytopathogen. Serratia rubidaea Mar61-01 could be a suitable strain, both to enlarge our knowledge about the potential of Serratia as a biocontrol agent of B. cinerea and to develop new biofungicides to protect strawberries in post-harvest biocontrol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Alijani
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj P.O. Box 416, Iran
| | - Jahanshir Amini
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj P.O. Box 416, Iran
| | - Kaivan Karimi
- Safiabad Agricultural Research and Education and Natural Resources Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Dezful P.O. Box 333, Iran
| | - Ilaria Pertot
- Research and Innovation Center, Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM), 38010 San Michele all’Adige, Italy
- Center Agriculture Food Environment (C3A), University of Trento, 38010 San Michele all’Adige, Italy
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12
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Guo H, Bi X, Wang Z, Jiang D, Cai M, An M, Xia Z, Wu Y. Reactive oxygen species-related genes participate in resistance to cucumber green mottle mosaic virus infection regulated by boron in Nicotiana benthamiana and watermelon. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1027404. [PMID: 36438146 PMCID: PMC9691971 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1027404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (CGMMV) infection causes acidification and rot of watermelon flesh, resulting in serious economic losses. It is widely reported the interaction relationship between boron and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in regulating normal growth and disease resistance in plants. Our previous results demonstrated that exogenous boron could improve watermelon resistance to CGMMV infection. However, the roles of ROS-related genes regulated by boron in resistance to CGMMV infection are unclear. Here, we demonstrated that CGMMV symptoms were alleviated, and viral accumulations were decreased by boron application in Nicotiana benthamiana, indicating that boron contributed to inhibiting CGMMV infection. Meanwhile, we found that a number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with inositol biosynthesis, ethylene synthesis, Ca2+ signaling transduction and ROS scavenging system were up-regulated, while many DEGs involved in ABA catabolism, GA signal transduction and ascorbic acid metabolism were down-regulated by boron application under CGMMV infection. Additionally, we individually silenced nine ROS-related genes to explore their anti-CGMMV roles using a tobacco rattle virus (TRV) vector. The results showed that NbCat1, NbGME1, NbGGP and NbPrx Q were required for CGMMV infection, while NbGST and NbIPS played roles in resistance to CGMMV infection. The similar results were obtained in watermelon by silencing of ClCat, ClPrx or ClGST expression using a pV190 vector. This study proposed a new strategy for improving plant resistance to CGMMV infection by boron-regulated ROS pathway and provided several target genes for watermelon disease resistance breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyan Guo
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xinyue Bi
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhiping Wang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Dong Jiang
- Green Agricultural Technology Center of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Ming Cai
- Green Agricultural Technology Center of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Mengnan An
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zihao Xia
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuanhua Wu
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
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13
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Abdelkhalek A, Aseel DG, Király L, Künstler A, Moawad H, Al-Askar AA. Induction of Systemic Resistance to Tobacco mosaic virus in Tomato through Foliar Application of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Strain TBorg1 Culture Filtrate. Viruses 2022; 14:v14081830. [PMID: 36016452 PMCID: PMC9416369 DOI: 10.3390/v14081830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The application of microbe-derived products as natural biocontrol agents to boost systemic disease resistance to virus infections in plants is a prospective strategy to make agriculture more sustainable and environmentally friendly. In the current study, the rhizobacterium Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain TBorg1 was identified based on 16S rRNA, rpoB, and gyrA gene sequences, and evaluated for its efficiency in conferring protection of tomato from infection by Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV). Under greenhouse circumstances, foliar sprays of TBorg1 culture filtrate (TBorg1-CF) promoted tomato growth, lowered disease severity, and significantly decreased TMV accumulation in systemically infected leaves of treated plants relative to untreated controls. TMV accumulation was reduced by 90% following the dual treatment, applied 24 h before and after TMV infection. Significant increases in levels of total soluble carbohydrates, proteins, and ascorbic acid were also found. In addition, a significant rise in activities of enzymes capable of scavenging reactive oxygen species (PPO and POX), as well as decreased levels of non-enzymatic oxidative stress markers (H2O2 and MDA) were observed, compared to untreated plants. Enhanced systemic resistance to TMV was indicated by significantly increased transcript accumulation of polyphenolic pathway (C4H, HCT, and CHI) and pathogenesis-related (PR-1 and PR-5) genes. Out of the 15 compounds identified in the GC-MS analysis, 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid mono(2-ethylhexyl) ester and phenol, 2,4-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl), as well as L-proline, N-valeryl-, and heptadecyl ester were present in the highest concentrations in the ethyl acetate extract of TBorg1-CF. In addition, significant amounts of n-hexadecanoic acid, pyrrolo [1,2-a] pyrazine-1,4-dione hexahydro-3-(2-methylpropyl)-, nonane, 5-butyl-, and eicosane were also detected. These compounds may act as inducers of systemic resistance to viral infection. Our findings indicate that the newly isolated B. amyloliquefaciens strain TBorg1 could be a potentially useful rhizobacterium for promoting plant growth and a possible source of biocontrol agents for combating plant virus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Abdelkhalek
- Plant Protection and Biomolecular Diagnosis Department, ALCRI, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, New Borg El Arab City 21934, Egypt
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +20-1007556883
| | - Dalia G. Aseel
- Plant Protection and Biomolecular Diagnosis Department, ALCRI, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, New Borg El Arab City 21934, Egypt
| | - Lóránt Király
- Centre for Agricultural Research, Plant Protection Institute, ELKH, P.O. Box 102, H-1022 Budapest, Hungary
| | - András Künstler
- Centre for Agricultural Research, Plant Protection Institute, ELKH, P.O. Box 102, H-1022 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Hassan Moawad
- Agriculture Microbiology Department, National Research Centre, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Abdulaziz A. Al-Askar
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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14
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The Activity of the Durum Wheat (Triticum durum L.) Catalase 1 (TdCAT1) Is Modulated by Calmodulin. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11081483. [PMID: 36009202 PMCID: PMC9404813 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11081483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant catalases (CAT) are involved in the cellular scavenging of the reactive oxygen species during developmental processes and in response to abiotic and biotic stresses. However, little is known about the regulation of the CAT activity to ensure efficient antioxidant function. Using bioinformatic analyses, we showed that durum wheat catalase 1 (TdCAT1) harbors highly conserved cation-binding and calmodulin binding (CaMBD) domains which are localized at different positions of the protein. As a result, the catalytic activity of TdCAT1 is enhanced in vitro by the divalent cations Mn2+ and Fe2+ and to a lesser extent by Cu2+, Zn2+, and Mg2+. Moreover, the GST-pull down assays performed here revealed that TdCAT1 bind to the wheat CaM (TdCaM1.3) in a Ca2+-independent manner. Furthermore, the TdCaM1.3/Ca2+ complex is stimulated in a CaM-dose-dependent manner by the catalytic activity of TdCAT1, which is further increased in the presence of Mn2+ cations. The catalase activity of TdCAT1 is enhanced by various divalent cations and TdCaM1.3 in a Ca-dependent manner. Such effects are not reported so far and raise a possible role of CaM and cations in the function of CATs during cellular response to oxidative stress.
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15
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Xu S, Zhang X, Xu K, Wang Z, Zhou X, Jiang L, Jiang T. Strawberry Vein Banding Virus Movement Protein P1 Interacts With Light-Harvesting Complex II Type 1 Like of Fragaria vesca to Promote Viral Infection. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:884044. [PMID: 35722273 PMCID: PMC9201980 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.884044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chlorophyll a/b-binding protein of light-harvesting complex II type 1 like (LHC II-1L) is an essential component of photosynthesis, which mainly maintains the stability of the electron transport chain. However, how the LHC II-1L protein of Fragaria vesca (FvLHC II-1L) affects viral infection remains unclear. In this study, we demonstrated that the movement protein P1 of strawberry vein banding virus (SVBV P1) interacted with FvLHC II-1L in vivo and in vitro by bimolecular fluorescence complementation and pull-down assays. SVBV P1 was co-localized with FvLHC II-1L at the edge of epidermal cells of Nicotiana benthamiana leaves, and FvLHC II-1L protein expression was upregulated in SVBV-infected F. vesca. We also found that FvLHC II-1L effectively promoted SVBV P1 to compensate for the intercellular movement of movement-deficient potato virus X (PVXΔP25) and the systemic movement of movement-deficient cucumber mosaic virus (CMVΔMP). Transient overexpression of FvLHC II-1L and inoculation of an infectious clone of SVBV showed that the course of SVBV infection in F. vesca was accelerated. Collectively, the results showed that SVBV P1 protein can interact with FvLHC II-1L protein, which in turn promotes F. vesca infection by SVBV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqiang Xu
- Department of Plant Pathology, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiangxiang Zhang
- Department of Plant Pathology, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Kai Xu
- Department of Plant Pathology, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Zhanqi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Vector Biology and Pathogen Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences, Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
| | - Xueping Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pest, Institute of Plant Protection, China Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Jiang
- Department of Plant Pathology, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Sustainable Management of Plant Diseases and Pests of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Tong Jiang, Lei Jiang,
| | - Tong Jiang
- Department of Plant Pathology, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Sustainable Management of Plant Diseases and Pests of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Tong Jiang, Lei Jiang,
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16
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Cui L, Zheng F, Zhang D, Li C, Li M, Ye J, Zhang Y, Wang T, Ouyang B, Hong Z, Ye Z, Zhang J. Tomato methionine sulfoxide reductase B2 functions in drought tolerance by promoting ROS scavenging and chlorophyll accumulation through interaction with Catalase 2 and RBCS3B. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 318:111206. [PMID: 35351297 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are inevitably generated in aerobic organisms as by-products of common metabolism and as the result of defense and development. ROS readily oxidizes methionine (Met) residues of proteins to form Met-R-sulfoxide or Met-S-sulfoxide (MetSO), resulting in protein inactivation or malfunction. Although it is known that MetSO can be reverted to Met by methionine sulfoxide reductase (Msr), the mechanism how Msr interacts with its target proteins is poorly understood. In this study, two target proteins of tomato MsrB2 (SlMsrB2), catalase 2 (CAT2) and the Rubisco small subunit RBCS3B, were identified. Silencing of SlMsrB2 by RNA interference (RNAi) in tomato led to decreased drought tolerance, accompanied by increased ROS accumulation and chlorophyll degradation. By contrast, overexpression of SlMsrB2 in tomato significantly reduced ROS accumulation and enhanced drought tolerance. Protein interaction analysis showed that SlMsrB2 interacts with CAT2 and RBCS3B in vitro and in planta. Silencing of CAT2 by RNAi and RBCS3B by virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) resulted in development of pale green leaves and enhanced ROS accumulation in tomato plants. These results demonstrate that SlMsrB2 functions in drought tolerance and promotes chlorophyll accumulation by modulating ROS accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Cui
- The Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Fangyan Zheng
- The Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Dedi Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Changxing Li
- The Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Miao Li
- The Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jie Ye
- The Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yuyang Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Taotao Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Bo Ouyang
- The Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zonglie Hong
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA
| | - Zhibiao Ye
- The Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Junhong Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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17
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Trichoderma hamatum Strain Th23 Promotes Tomato Growth and Induces Systemic Resistance against Tobacco Mosaic Virus. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8030228. [PMID: 35330230 PMCID: PMC8951347 DOI: 10.3390/jof8030228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Trichoderma hamatum strain Th23, isolated from tomato roots, was molecularly identified using phylogenetic analysis based on ITS, tef1, and rpb2 gene sequences and evaluated for its efficiency in suppressing tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) infection for the first time. Under greenhouse conditions, the application of Th23 promoted tomato growth with significant increases in shoot and root parameters as well as improved total chlorophyll content. Compared to the nontreated tomato plants, the soil pretreatment of tomato plants 48 h before TMV inoculation produced a significant reduction in the TMV accumulation level by 84.69% and enhanced different growth parameters. In contrast, TMV had a deleterious impact on fresh and dry matter accumulation and inhibited photosynthetic capacity. Furthermore, the protective activity of Th23 was associated with a significant increase in reactive oxygen species scavenging enzymes (PPO, CAT, and SOD) as well as decreased nonenzymatic oxidative stress markers (H2O2 and MDA) compared to the TMV treatment at 15 days post-viral inoculation (dpi). In addition, considerable increases in the transcriptional levels of polyphenolic genes (HQT and CHS) and pathogenesis-related proteins (PR-1 and PR-7) were shown to induce systemic resistance against TMV. Consequently, the ability of T. hamatum strain Th23 to promote plant growth, induce systemic resistance, and boost innate immunity against TMV infestation supported the incorporation of Th23 as a potential biocontrol agent for managing plant viral infections. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of the antiviral activity of T. hamatum against plant viral infection.
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18
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Király L, Albert R, Zsemberi O, Schwarczinger I, Hafez YM, Künstler A. Reactive Oxygen Species Contribute to Symptomless, Extreme Resistance to Potato virus X in Tobacco. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2021; 111:1870-1884. [PMID: 33593113 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-12-20-0540-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Here we show that in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum cultivar Samsun NN Rx1) the development of Rx1 gene-mediated, symptomless, extreme resistance to Potato virus X (PVX) is preceded by an early, intensive accumulation of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) superoxide (O2·-), evident between 1 and 6 h after inoculation and associated with increased nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase activities. This suggests a direct contribution of this ROS to virus restriction during symptomless, extreme resistance. Superoxide inhibition in PVX-inoculated leaves by infiltration of antioxidants (superoxide dismutase [SOD] and catalase [CAT]) partially suppresses extreme resistance in parallel with the appearance of localized leaf necrosis resembling a hypersensitive resistance (HR) response. F1 progeny from crosses of Rx1 and ferritin overproducer (deficient in production of the ROS OH·) tobaccos also display a suppressed extreme resistance to PVX, because significantly increased virus levels are coupled to HR, suggesting a role of the hydroxyl radical (OH·) in this symptomless antiviral defense. In addition, treatment of PVX-susceptible tobacco with a superoxide-generating agent (riboflavin/methionine) results in HR-like symptoms and reduced PVX titers. Finally, by comparing defense responses during PVX-elicited symptomless, extreme resistance and HR-type resistance elicited by Tobacco mosaic virus, we conclude that defense reactions typical of an HR (e.g., induction of cell death/ROS-regulator genes and antioxidants) are early and transient in the course of extreme resistance. Our results demonstrate the contribution of early accumulation of ROS (superoxide, OH·) in limiting PVX replication during symptomless extreme resistance and support earlier findings that virus-elicited HR represents a delayed, slower resistance response than symptomless, extreme resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lóránt Király
- Department of Plant Pathophysiology, Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), H-1022 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Réka Albert
- Department of Plant Pathophysiology, Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), H-1022 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Orsolya Zsemberi
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ildikó Schwarczinger
- Department of Plant Pathophysiology, Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), H-1022 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Yaser Mohamed Hafez
- EPCRS Excellence Center & Plant Pathology and Biotechnology Lab, Department of Agricultural Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, 33516 Kafr-El-Sheikh, Egypt
| | - András Künstler
- Department of Plant Pathophysiology, Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), H-1022 Budapest, Hungary
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19
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Yuan H, Jin C, Pei H, Zhao L, Li X, Li J, Huang W, Fan R, Liu W, Shen QH. The Powdery Mildew Effector CSEP0027 Interacts With Barley Catalase to Regulate Host Immunity. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:733237. [PMID: 34567043 PMCID: PMC8458882 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.733237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Powdery mildew is one of the most important fungal pathogen diseases. The genome of barley mildew fungus, Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei (Bgh), encodes a large number of candidate secreted effector proteins (CSEPs). So far, the function and mechanism of most CSEPs remain largely unknown. Here, we identify a Bgh effector CSEP0027, a member of family 41, triggering cell death in Nicotiana benthamiana. CSEP0027 contains a functional signal peptide (SP), verified by yeast secretion assay. We show that CSEP0027 promotes Bgh virulence in barley infection using transient gene expression and host-induced gene silencing (HIGS). Barley catalase HvCAT1 is identified as a CSEP0027 interactor by yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) screening, and the interaction is verified in yeast, in vitro and in vivo. The coexpression of CSEP0027 and HvCAT1 in barley cells results in altered localization of HvCAT1 from the peroxisome to the nucleus. Barley stripe mosaic virus (BSMV)-silencing and transiently-induced gene silencing (TIGS) assays reveal that HvCAT1 is required for barley immunity against Bgh. We propose that CSEP0027 interacts with barley HvCAT1 to regulate the host immunity and likely reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis to promote fungal virulence during barley infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbo Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Cong Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
| | - Hongcui Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lifang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiali Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wanting Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Renchun Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wende Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
| | - Qian-Hua Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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20
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Jiao Z, Tian Y, Cao Y, Wang J, Zhan B, Zhao Z, Sun B, Guo C, Ma W, Liao Z, Zhang H, Zhou T, Xia Y, Fan Z. A novel pathogenicity determinant hijacks maize catalase 1 to enhance viral multiplication and infection. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 230:1126-1141. [PMID: 33458828 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Pathogens have evolved various strategies to overcome host immunity for successful infection. Maize chlorotic mottle virus (MCMV) can cause lethal necrosis in maize (Zea mays) when it coinfects with a virus in the Potyviridae family. However, the MCMV pathogenicity determinant remains largely unknown. Here we show that the P31 protein of MCMV is important for viral accumulation and essential for symptom development. Ectopic expression of P31 using foxtail mosaic virus or potato virus X induced necrosis in systemically infected maize or Nicotiana benthamiana leaves. Maize catalases (CATs) were shown to interact with P31 in yeast and in planta. P31 accumulation was elevated through its interaction with ZmCAT1. P31 attenuated the expression of salicylic acid (SA)-responsive pathogenesis-related (PR) genes by inhibiting catalase activity during MCMV infection. In addition, silencing of ZmCATs using a brome mosaic virus-based gene silencing vector facilitated MCMV RNA and coat protein accumulation. This study reveals an important role for MCMV P31 in counteracting host defence and inducing systemic chlorosis and necrosis. Our results have implications for understanding the mechanisms in defence and counter-defence during infection of plants by various pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Jiao
- State Kay Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management-MOA, Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yiying Tian
- State Kay Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management-MOA, Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yanyong Cao
- Cereal Crops Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Juan Wang
- State Kay Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management-MOA, Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Binhui Zhan
- State Kay Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management-MOA, Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhenxing Zhao
- State Kay Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management-MOA, Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Biao Sun
- State Kay Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management-MOA, Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Chang Guo
- State Kay Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management-MOA, Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Wendi Ma
- State Kay Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management-MOA, Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhenfeng Liao
- State Key Laboratory for Sustainable Control of Pest and Disease, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Hengmu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Sustainable Control of Pest and Disease, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Tao Zhou
- State Kay Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management-MOA, Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yiji Xia
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zaifeng Fan
- State Kay Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management-MOA, Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
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21
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Changes in Subcellular Localization of Host Proteins Induced by Plant Viruses. Viruses 2021; 13:v13040677. [PMID: 33920930 PMCID: PMC8071230 DOI: 10.3390/v13040677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Viruses are dependent on host factors at all parts of the infection cycle, such as translation, genome replication, encapsidation, and cell-to-cell and systemic movement. RNA viruses replicate their genome in compartments associated with the endoplasmic reticulum, chloroplasts, and mitochondria or peroxisome membranes. In contrast, DNA viruses replicate in the nucleus. Viral infection causes changes in plant gene expression and in the subcellular localization of some host proteins. These changes may support or inhibit virus accumulation and spread. Here, we review host proteins that change their subcellular localization in the presence of a plant virus. The most frequent change is the movement of host cytoplasmic proteins into the sites of virus replication through interactions with viral proteins, and the protein contributes to essential viral processes. In contrast, only a small number of studies document changes in the subcellular localization of proteins with antiviral activity. Understanding the changes in the subcellular localization of host proteins during plant virus infection provides novel insights into the mechanisms of plant–virus interactions and may help the identification of targets for designing genetic resistance to plant viruses.
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22
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Kumar G, Dasgupta I. Variability, Functions and Interactions of Plant Virus Movement Proteins: What Do We Know So Far? Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9040695. [PMID: 33801711 PMCID: PMC8066623 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9040695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Of the various proteins encoded by plant viruses, one of the most interesting is the movement protein (MP). MPs are unique to plant viruses and show surprising structural and functional variability while maintaining their core function, which is to facilitate the intercellular transport of viruses or viral nucleoprotein complexes. MPs interact with components of the intercellular channels, the plasmodesmata (PD), modifying their size exclusion limits and thus allowing larger particles, including virions, to pass through. The interaction of MPs with the components of PD, the formation of transport complexes and the recruitment of host cellular components have all revealed different facets of their functions. Multitasking is an inherent property of most viral proteins, and MPs are no exception. Some MPs carry out multitasking, which includes gene silencing suppression, viral replication and modulation of host protein turnover machinery. This review brings together the current knowledge on MPs, focusing on their structural variability, various functions and interactions with host proteins.
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23
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Sofy AR, Sofy MR, Hmed AA, Dawoud RA, Alnaggar AEAM, Soliman AM, El-Dougdoug NK. Ameliorating the Adverse Effects of Tomato mosaic tobamovirus Infecting Tomato Plants in Egypt by Boosting Immunity in Tomato Plants Using Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles. Molecules 2021; 26:1337. [PMID: 33801530 PMCID: PMC7958966 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26051337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Tomato mosaic virus (ToMV) is one of the economically damageable Tobamovirus infecting the tomato in Egypt that has caused significant losses. It is therefore of great interest to trigger systemic resistance to ToMV. In this endeavor, we aimed to explore the capacity of ZnO-NPs (zinc oxide nanoparticles) to trigger tomato plant resistance against ToMV. Effects of ZnO-NPs on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) growth indices and antioxidant defense system activity under ToMV stress were investigated. Noticeably that treatment with ZnO-NPs showed remarkably increased growth indices, photosynthetic attributes, and enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants compared to the challenge control. Interestingly, oxidative damage caused by ToMV was reduced by reducing malondialdehyde, H2O2, and O2 levels. Overall, ZnO-NPs offer a safe and economic antiviral agent against ToMV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed R. Sofy
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11884, Egypt;
| | - Mahmoud R. Sofy
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11884, Egypt;
| | - Ahmed A. Hmed
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11884, Egypt;
| | - Rehab A. Dawoud
- Virus and Phytoplasma Research Department, Plant Pathology Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza 12619, Egypt; (R.A.D.); (A.M.S.)
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Jazan University, Box 114, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abd El-Aleem M. Alnaggar
- Agriculture Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11884, Egypt;
| | - Ahmed M. Soliman
- Virus and Phytoplasma Research Department, Plant Pathology Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza 12619, Egypt; (R.A.D.); (A.M.S.)
- Department of Arid Land Agriculture, College of Agricultural & Food Sciences, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Noha K. El-Dougdoug
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Benha University, Benha 13518, Egypt;
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24
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Alam SB, Reade R, Maghodia AB, Ghoshal B, Theilmann J, Rochon D. Targeting of cucumber necrosis virus coat protein to the chloroplast stroma attenuates host defense response. Virology 2021; 554:106-119. [PMID: 33418272 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2020.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Cucumber necrosis virus (CNV) is a (+)ssRNA virus that elicits spreading local and systemic necrosis in Nicotiana benthamiana. We previously showed that the CNV coat protein (CP) arm functions as a chloroplast transit peptide that targets a CP fragment containing the S and P domains to chloroplasts during infection. Here we show that several CP arm mutants that inefficiently target chloroplasts, along with a mutant that lacks the S and P domains, show an early onset of more localized necrosis along with protracted induction of pathogenesis related protein (PR1a). Agroinfiltrated CNV CP is shown to interfere with CNV p33 and Tomato bushy stunt virus p19 induced necrosis. Additionally, we provide evidence that a CP mutant that does not detectably enter the chloroplast stroma induces relatively higher levels of several plant defense-related genes compared to WT CNV. Together, our data suggest that targeting of CNV CP to the chloroplast stroma interferes with chloroplast-mediated plant defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Benazir Alam
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1B4, Canada; Summerland Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Summerland, BC, V0H 1Z0, Canada.
| | - Ron Reade
- Summerland Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Summerland, BC, V0H 1Z0, Canada
| | - Ajay B Maghodia
- Summerland Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Summerland, BC, V0H 1Z0, Canada
| | - Basudev Ghoshal
- Summerland Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Summerland, BC, V0H 1Z0, Canada
| | - Jane Theilmann
- Summerland Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Summerland, BC, V0H 1Z0, Canada
| | - D'Ann Rochon
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1B4, Canada; Summerland Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Summerland, BC, V0H 1Z0, Canada
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25
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Yang T, Qiu L, Huang W, Xu Q, Zou J, Peng Q, Lin H, Xi D. Chilli veinal mottle virus HCPro interacts with catalase to facilitate virus infection in Nicotiana tabacum. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:5656-5668. [PMID: 32594157 PMCID: PMC7501817 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Plant symptoms are derived from specific interactions between virus and host components. However, little is known about viral or host factors that participate in the establishment of systemic necrosis. Here, we showed that helper component proteinase (HCPro), encoded by Chilli veinal mottle virus (ChiVMV), could directly interact with catalase 1 (CAT1) and catalase 3 (CAT3) in the cytoplasm of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) plants to facilitate viral infection. In vitro, the activities of CAT1 and CAT3 were inhibited by the interaction between HCPro and CATs. The C-terminus of HCPro was essential for their interaction and was also required for the decrease of enzyme activities. Interestingly, the mRNA and protein level of CATs were up-regulated in tobacco plants in response to ChiVMV infection. Nicotiana tabacum plants with HCPro overexpression or CAT1 knockout were more susceptible to ChiVMV infection, which was similar to the case of H2O2-pre-treated plants, and the overexpression of CAT1 inhibited ChiVMV accumulation. Also, neither CAT1 nor CAT3 could affect the RNA silencing suppression (RSS) activity of HCPro. Our results showed that the interaction between HCPro and CATs promoted the development of plant systemic necrosis, revealing a novel role for HCPro in virus infection and pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Yang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Long Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Wanying Huang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Qianyi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Jialing Zou
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Qiding Peng
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Honghui Lin
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Dehui Xi
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
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26
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Improving Regulation of Enzymatic and Non-Enzymatic Antioxidants and Stress-Related Gene Stimulation in Cucumber mosaic cucumovirus-Infected Cucumber Plants Treated with Glycine Betaine, Chitosan and Combination. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25102341. [PMID: 32429524 PMCID: PMC7288169 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25102341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cucumber mosaic cucumovirus (CMV) is a deadly plant virus that results in crop-yield losses with serious economic consequences. In recent years, environmentally friendly components have been developed to manage crop diseases as alternatives to chemical pesticides, including the use of natural compounds such as glycine betaine (GB) and chitosan (CHT), either alone or in combination. In the present study, the leaves of the cucumber plants were foliar-sprayed with GB and CHT—either alone or in combination—to evaluate their ability to induce resistance against CMV. The results showed a significant reduction in disease severity and CMV accumulation in plants treated with GB and CHT, either alone or in combination, compared to untreated plants (challenge control). In every treatment, growth indices, leaf chlorophylls content, phytohormones (i.e., indole acetic acid, gibberellic acid, salicylic acid and jasmonic acid), endogenous osmoprotectants (i.e., proline, soluble sugars and glycine betaine), non-enzymatic antioxidants (i.e., ascorbic acid, glutathione and phenols) and enzymatic antioxidants (i.e., superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, catalase, lipoxygenase, ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione reductase, chitinase and β-1,3 glucanase) of virus-infected plants were significantly increased. On the other hand, malondialdehyde and abscisic acid contents have been significantly reduced. Based on a gene expression study, all treated plants exhibited increased expression levels of some regulatory defense genes such as PR1 and PAL1. In conclusion, the combination of GB and CHT is the most effective treatment in alleviated virus infection. To our knowledge, this is the first report to demonstrate the induction of systemic resistance against CMV by using GB.
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27
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Abstract
Rising CO2 concentrations and their effects on plant productivity present challenging issues. Effects on the photosynthesis/photorespiration balance and changes in primary metabolism are known, caused by the competitive interaction of CO2 and O2 at the active site of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase. However, impacts on stress resistance are less clear. Reactive oxygen species are key players in biotic and abiotic stress responses, but there is no consensus on whether elevated CO2 constitutes a stress. Although high CO2 increases yield in C3 plants, it can also increase cellular oxidation and activate phytohormone defense pathways. Reduction-oxidation processes play key roles in acclimation to high CO2, with specific enzymes acting in compartment-specific signaling. Traditionally, acclimation to high CO2 has been considered in terms of altered carbon gain, but emerging evidence suggests that CO2 is a signal as well as a substrate. Some CO2 effects on defense are likely mediated independently of primary metabolism. Nonetheless, primary photosynthetic metabolism is highly integrated with defense and stress signaling pathways, meaning that plants will be able to acclimate to the changing environment over the coming decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine H Foyer
- School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston B15 2TT, United Kingdom;
| | - Graham Noctor
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Université d'Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91405 Orsay, France;
- Université de Paris, CNRS, INRAE, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91405 Orsay, France
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF)
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28
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Noronha Souza PF, Abreu Oliveira JT, Vasconcelos IM, Magalhães VG, Albuquerque Silva FD, Guedes Silva RG, Oliveira KS, Franco OL, Gomes Silveira JA, Leite Carvalho FE. H 2O 2Accumulation, Host Cell Death and Differential Levels of Proteins Related to Photosynthesis, Redox Homeostasis, and Required for Viral Replication Explain the Resistance of EMS-mutagenized Cowpea to Cowpea Severe Mosaic Virus. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 245:153110. [PMID: 31918353 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2019.153110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Infection with Cowpea severe mosaic virus (CPSMV) represents one of the main limitations for cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) productivity due to the severity of the disease symptoms, frequency of incidence, and difficulties in dissemination control. This study aimed to identify the proteins and metabolic pathways associated with the susceptibility and resistance of cowpea plants to CPSMV. Therefore, we treated the seeds of a naturally susceptible cowpea genotype (CE-31) with the mutagenic agent ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS) and compared the secondary leaf proteomic profile of the mutagenized resistant plants inoculated with CPSMV (MCPI plant group) to those of the naturally susceptible cowpea genotype CE-31 inoculated (CPI) and noninoculated (CPU) with CPSMV. MCPI responded to CPSMV by accumulating proteins involved in the oxidative burst, increasing H2O2 generation, promoting leaf cell death (LCD), increasing the synthesis of defense proteins, and decreasing host factors important for the establishment of CPSMV infection. In contrast, CPI accumulated several host factors that favor CPSMV infection and did not accumulate H2O2 or present LCD, which allowed CPSMV replication and systemic dissemination. Based on these results, we propose that the differential abundance of defense proteins and proteins involved in the oxidative burst, LCD, and the decrease in cowpea protein factors required for CPSMV replication are associated with the resistance trait acquired by the MCPI plant group.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Kleber Sousa Oliveira
- Proteomics Analysis and Biochemical Center, Catholic University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Octavio Luis Franco
- Proteomics Analysis and Biochemical Center, Catholic University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil; S-Inova Biotech, Catholic University Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil.
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29
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Foyer CH, Baker A, Wright M, Sparkes IA, Mhamdi A, Schippers JHM, Van Breusegem F. On the move: redox-dependent protein relocation in plants. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:620-631. [PMID: 31421053 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Compartmentation of proteins and processes is a defining feature of eukaryotic cells. The growth and development of organisms is critically dependent on the accurate sorting of proteins within cells. The mechanisms by which cytosol-synthesized proteins are delivered to the membranes and membrane compartments have been extensively characterized. However, the protein complement of any given compartment is not precisely fixed and some proteins can move between compartments in response to metabolic or environmental triggers. The mechanisms and processes that mediate such relocation events are largely uncharacterized. Many proteins can in addition perform multiple functions, catalysing alternative reactions or performing structural, non-enzymatic functions. These alternative functions can be equally important functions in each cellular compartment. Such proteins are generally not dual-targeted proteins in the classic sense of having targeting sequences that direct de novo synthesized proteins to specific cellular locations. We propose that redox post-translational modifications (PTMs) can control the compartmentation of many such proteins, including antioxidant and/or redox-associated enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine H Foyer
- School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, UK
- School of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Alison Baker
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- Centre for Plant Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Megan Wright
- The Astbury Centre for Structural Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Imogen A Sparkes
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Amna Mhamdi
- VIB-UGent Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jos H M Schippers
- Institute of Biology I, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Frank Van Breusegem
- VIB-UGent Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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30
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Corpas FJ, Del Río LA, Palma JM. Plant peroxisomes at the crossroad of NO and H 2 O 2 metabolism. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 61:803-816. [PMID: 30609289 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Plant peroxisomes are subcellular compartments involved in many biochemical pathways during the life cycle of a plant but also in the mechanism of response against adverse environmental conditions. These organelles have an active nitro-oxidative metabolism under physiological conditions but this could be exacerbated under stress situations. Furthermore, peroxisomes have the capacity to proliferate and also undergo biochemical adaptations depending on the surrounding cellular status. An important characteristic of peroxisomes is that they have a dynamic metabolism of reactive nitrogen and oxygen species (RNS and ROS) which generates two key molecules, nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ). These molecules can exert signaling functions by means of post-translational modifications that affect the functionality of target molecules like proteins, peptides or fatty acids. This review provides an overview of the endogenous metabolism of ROS and RNS in peroxisomes with special emphasis on polyamine and uric acid metabolism as well as the possibility that these organelles could be a source of signal molecules involved in the functional interconnection with other subcellular compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J Corpas
- Group of Antioxidants, Free Radicals and Nitric Oxide in Biotechnology, Food and Agriculture, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, Profesor Albareda 1, E-18008 Granada, Spain
| | - Luis A Del Río
- Group of Antioxidants, Free Radicals and Nitric Oxide in Biotechnology, Food and Agriculture, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, Profesor Albareda 1, E-18008 Granada, Spain
| | - José M Palma
- Group of Antioxidants, Free Radicals and Nitric Oxide in Biotechnology, Food and Agriculture, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, Profesor Albareda 1, E-18008 Granada, Spain
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31
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Luan H, Niu H, Luo J, Zhi H. Soybean Cytochrome b5 Is a Restriction Factor for Soybean Mosaic Virus. Viruses 2019; 11:E546. [PMID: 31212671 PMCID: PMC6631803 DOI: 10.3390/v11060546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Soybean mosaic virus (SMV) is one of the most destructive viral diseases in soybeans (Glycine max). In this study, an interaction between the SMV P3 protein and cytochrome b5 was detected by yeast two-hybrid assay, and bimolecular fluorescence complementation assay showed that the interaction took place at the cell periphery. Further, the interaction was confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation analysis. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed that GmCYB5 gene was differentially expressed in resistant and susceptible soybean plants after inoculation with SMV-SC15 strain. To test the involvement of this gene in SMV resistance, the GmCYB5 was silenced using a bean pod mottle virus (BPMV)-based vector construct. Results showed that GmCYB5-1 was 83% and 99% downregulated in susceptible (NN1138-2) and resistant (RN-9) cultivars, respectively, compared to the empty vector-treated plants. Silencing of GmCYB5 gene promotes SMV replication in soybean plants. Our results suggest that during SMV infection, the host CYB5 protein targets P3 protein to inhibit its proliferation. Taken together, these results suggest that CYB5 is an important factor in SMV infection and replication in soybeans, which could help soybean breeders develop SMV resistant soybean cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hexiang Luan
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Haopeng Niu
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Jinyan Luo
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Haijian Zhi
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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Ruiz-Ramón F, Sempere RN, Méndez-López E, Sánchez-Pina MA, Aranda MA. Second generation of pepino mosaic virus vectors: improved stability in tomato and a wide range of reporter genes. PLANT METHODS 2019; 15:58. [PMID: 31149024 PMCID: PMC6537163 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-019-0446-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vectors based on plant viruses are important tools for functional genomics, cellular biology, plant genome engineering and molecular farming. We previously reported on the construction of PepGFP2a, a viral vector based on pepino mosaic virus (PepMV) which expressed GFP efficiently and stably in plants of its experimental host Nicotiana benthamiana, but not in its natural host tomato. We have prepared a new set of PepMV-based vectors with improved stability that are able to express a wide range of reporter genes, useful for both N. benthamiana and tomato. RESULTS We first tested PepGFPm1 and PepGFPm2, two variants of PepGFP2a in which we progressively reduced a duplication of nucleotides encoding the N-terminal region of the coat protein. The new vectors had improved GFP expression levels and stability in N. benthamiana but not in tomato plants. Next, we replaced GFP by DsRed or mCherry in the new vectors PepDsRed and PepmCherry, respectively; while PepmCherry behaved similarly to PepGFPm2, PepDsRed expressed the reporter gene efficiently also in tomato plants. We then used PepGFPm2 and PepDsRed to study the PepMV localization in both N. benthamiana and tomato cells. Using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), we observed characteristic fluorescent bodies in PepMV-infected cells; these bodies had a cytoplasmic localization and appeared in close proximity to the cell nucleus. Already at 3 days post-agroinoculation there were fluorescent bodies in almost every cell of agroinoculated tissues of both hosts, and always one body per cell. When markers for the endoplasmic reticulum or the Golgi apparatus were co-expressed with PepGFPm2 or PepDsRed, a reorganisation of these organelles was observed, with images suggesting that both are intimately related but not the main constituents of the PepMV bodies. Altogether, this set of data suggested that the PepMV bodies are similar to the potato virus X (PVX) "X-bodies", which have been described as the PVX viral replication complexes (VRCs). To complete the set of PepMV-based vectors, we constructed a vector expressing the BAR herbicide resistance gene, useful for massive susceptibility screenings. CONCLUSIONS We have significantly expanded the PepMV tool box by producing a set of new vectors with improved stability and efficiency in both N. benthamiana and tomato plants. By using two of these vectors, we have described characteristic cellular bodies induced by PepMV infection; these bodies are likely the PepMV VRCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiola Ruiz-Ramón
- Present Address: R + D+I Department, Abiopep S.L., Murcia, Spain
- Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Eduardo Méndez-López
- Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Murcia, Spain
| | - M. Amelia Sánchez-Pina
- Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Murcia, Spain
| | - Miguel A. Aranda
- Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Murcia, Spain
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Liu J, Cui L, Xie Z, Zhang Z, Liu E, Peng X. Two NCA1 isoforms interact with catalase in a mutually exclusive manner to redundantly regulate its activity in rice. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:105. [PMID: 30885124 PMCID: PMC6421683 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-1707-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND NCA1 (NO CATALASE ACTIVITY 1) was recently identified in Arabidopsis as a chaperone protein to regulate catalase (CAT) activity through maintaining the folding of CAT. The gene exists mainly in higher plants; some plants, such as Arabidopsis, contain only one NCA1 gene, whereas some others such as rice harbor two copies. It is not yet understood whether and how both isoforms have functioned to regulate CAT activity in those two-copy-containing plant species. RESULTS In this study, we first noticed that the spatiotemporal expression patterns of NCA1a and NCA1b were very similar in rice plants. Subsequent BiFC and yeast three-hybrid experiments demonstrated that both NCA1a and NCA1b show mutually exclusive, rather than simultaneous, interaction with CAT. For a further functional analysis, nca1a and nca1b single mutants or double mutants of rice were generated by CRISPR/Cas9. Analysis on these mutants under both normal and salinity stress conditions found that, as compared with WT, either nca1a or nca1b single mutant showed no difference at phenotypes and CAT activities, whereas the double mutants constantly displayed very low CAT activity (about 5%) and serious lesion phenotypes. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that NCA1a and NCA1b show mutually exclusive interaction with CAT to regulate CAT activity in a functionally-redundant manner in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianzhe Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 Guangdong China
| | - Lili Cui
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 Guangdong China
| | - Zongwang Xie
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 Guangdong China
| | - Zhisheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 Guangdong China
| | - Ee Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 Guangdong China
| | - Xinxiang Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 Guangdong China
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Mathioudakis MM, Khechmar S, Owen CA, Medina V, Ben Mansour K, Tomaszewska W, Spanos T, Sarris PF, Livieratos IC. A Thioredoxin Domain-Containing Protein Interacts with Pepino mosaic virus Triple Gene Block Protein 1. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E3747. [PMID: 30477269 PMCID: PMC6320799 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19123747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Pepino mosaic virus (PepMV) is a mechanically-transmitted tomato pathogen of importance worldwide. Interactions between the PepMV coat protein and triple gene block protein (TGBp1) with the host heat shock cognate protein 70 and catalase 1 (CAT1), respectively, have been previously reported by our lab. In this study, a novel tomato interactor (SlTXND9) was shown to bind the PepMV TGBp1 in yeast-two-hybrid screening, in vitro pull-down and bimolecular fluorescent complementation (BiFC) assays. SlTXND9 possesses part of the conserved thioredoxin (TRX) active site sequence (W__PC vs. WCXPC), and TXND9 orthologues cluster within the TRX phylogenetic superfamily closest to phosducin-like protein-3. In PepMV-infected and healthy Nicotiana benthamiana plants, NbTXND9 mRNA levels were comparable, and expression levels remained stable in both local and systemic leaves for 10 days post inoculation (dpi), as was also the case for catalase 1 (CAT1). To localize the TXND9 in plant cells, a polyclonal antiserum was produced. Purified α-SlTXND9 immunoglobulin (IgG) consistently detected a set of three protein bands in the range of 27⁻35 kDa, in the 1000 and 30,000 g pellets, and the soluble fraction of extracts of healthy and PepMV-infected N. benthamiana leaves, but not in the cell wall. These bands likely consist of the homologous protein NbTXND9 and its post-translationally modified derivatives. On electron microscopy, immuno-gold labelling of ultrathin sections of PepMV-infected N. benthamiana leaves using α-SlTXND9 IgG revealed particle accumulation close to plasmodesmata, suggesting a role in virus movement. Taken together, this study highlights a novel tomato-PepMV protein interaction and provides data on its localization in planta. Currently, studies focusing on the biological function of this interaction during PepMV infection are in progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthaios M Mathioudakis
- Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Chania, Department of Sustainable Agriculture, Alsylio Agrokepio, GR-73100 Chania, Greece.
| | - Souheyla Khechmar
- Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Chania, Department of Sustainable Agriculture, Alsylio Agrokepio, GR-73100 Chania, Greece.
| | - Carolyn A Owen
- Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Chania, Department of Sustainable Agriculture, Alsylio Agrokepio, GR-73100 Chania, Greece.
| | - Vicente Medina
- Departament de Producció Vegetal i Ciència Forestal, Universitat de Lleida, 25198 Lleida, Spain.
| | - Karima Ben Mansour
- Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Chania, Department of Sustainable Agriculture, Alsylio Agrokepio, GR-73100 Chania, Greece.
| | - Weronika Tomaszewska
- Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Chania, Department of Sustainable Agriculture, Alsylio Agrokepio, GR-73100 Chania, Greece.
| | - Theodore Spanos
- Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Chania, Department of Sustainable Agriculture, Alsylio Agrokepio, GR-73100 Chania, Greece.
| | - Panagiotis F Sarris
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, GR-70013 Heraklion, Greece.
- Department of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK.
| | - Ioannis C Livieratos
- Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Chania, Department of Sustainable Agriculture, Alsylio Agrokepio, GR-73100 Chania, Greece.
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Garcia-Ruiz H. Susceptibility Genes to Plant Viruses. Viruses 2018; 10:E484. [PMID: 30201857 PMCID: PMC6164914 DOI: 10.3390/v10090484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant viruses use cellular factors and resources to replicate and move. Plants respond to viral infection by several mechanisms, including innate immunity, autophagy, and gene silencing, that viruses must evade or suppress. Thus, the establishment of infection is genetically determined by the availability of host factors necessary for virus replication and movement and by the balance between plant defense and viral suppression of defense responses. Host factors may have antiviral or proviral activities. Proviral factors condition susceptibility to viruses by participating in processes essential to the virus. Here, we review current advances in the identification and characterization of host factors that condition susceptibility to plant viruses. Host factors with proviral activity have been identified for all parts of the virus infection cycle: viral RNA translation, viral replication complex formation, accumulation or activity of virus replication proteins, virus movement, and virion assembly. These factors could be targets of gene editing to engineer resistance to plant viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hernan Garcia-Ruiz
- Nebraska Center for Virology, Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68503, USA.
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Roshan P, Kulshreshtha A, Kumar S, Purohit R, Hallan V. AV2 protein of tomato leaf curl Palampur virus promotes systemic necrosis in Nicotiana benthamiana and interacts with host Catalase2. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1273. [PMID: 29352245 PMCID: PMC5775426 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19292-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Tomato leaf curl Palampur virus (ToLCPalV) is a whitefly-transmitted, bipartite begomovirus. Here, we demonstrated that ectopic expression of AV2 from a Potato virus X (PVX)-based vector accelerated systemic necrosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation in Nicotiana benthamiana. Furthermore, 10 amino acids from N-terminal region of AV2 were found to be associated with the systemic necrosis symptom/phenotype. Mutational studies of ToLCPalV infectious clones lacking the AV2 revealed that AV2 is essential for the systemic movement of DNA-A, symptom severity and viral DNA accumulation. In a yeast two-hybrid assay, Catalase2 (Cat2) was found to associate with AV2 protein. Further, silencing of Cat2 resulted in appearance of necrotic lesions on N. benthamiana and these plants were highly susceptible to ToLCPalV infection in comparison to control plants. Infection ToLCPalV on Solanum lycopersicum resulted in downregulation of Cat2 transcripts, followed by accumulation of ROS and stress marker transcripts. The AV2 protein also suppressed virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) of the Phytoene desaturase (PDS) gene. Our results show that AV2 is essential for the pathogenicity, systemic movement and suppression of gene silencing in the host. Altogether, our findings suggest that interactions between AV2 and Cat2 might play a crucial role in the establishment of ToLCPalV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poonam Roshan
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (CSIR-IHBT) Campus, Palampur, HP, 176061, India
- Plant Virology Lab, CSIR-IHBT, Palampur, HP, 176061, India
| | - Aditya Kulshreshtha
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (CSIR-IHBT) Campus, Palampur, HP, 176061, India
- Plant Virology Lab, CSIR-IHBT, Palampur, HP, 176061, India
| | - Surender Kumar
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (CSIR-IHBT) Campus, Palampur, HP, 176061, India
- Plant Virology Lab, CSIR-IHBT, Palampur, HP, 176061, India
| | - Rituraj Purohit
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (CSIR-IHBT) Campus, Palampur, HP, 176061, India
- Biotechnology division, CSIR-IHBT, Palampur, HP, 176061, India
| | - Vipin Hallan
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (CSIR-IHBT) Campus, Palampur, HP, 176061, India.
- Plant Virology Lab, CSIR-IHBT, Palampur, HP, 176061, India.
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Activation of catalase activity by a peroxisome-localized small heat shock protein Hsp17.6CII. J Genet Genomics 2017; 44:395-404. [PMID: 28869112 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2017.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Plant catalases are important antioxidant enzymes and are indispensable for plant to cope with adverse environmental stresses. However, little is known how catalase activity is regulated especially at an organelle level. In this study, we identified that small heat shock protein Hsp17.6CII (AT5G12020) interacts with and activates catalases in the peroxisome of Arabidopsis thaliana. Although Hsp17.6CII is classified into the cytosol-located small heat shock protein subfamily, we found that Hsp17.6CII is located in the peroxisome. Moreover, Hsp17.6CII contains a novel non-canonical peroxisome targeting signal 1 (PTS1), QKL, 16 amino acids upstream from the C-terminus. The QKL signal peptide can partially locate GFP to peroxisome, and mutations in the tripeptide lead to the abolishment of this activity. In vitro catalase activity assay and holdase activity assay showed that Hsp17.6CII increases CAT2 activity and prevents it from thermal aggregation. These results indicate that Hsp17.6CII is a peroxisome-localized catalase chaperone. Overexpression of Hsp17.6CII conferred enhanced catalase activity and tolerance to abiotic stresses in Arabidopsis. Interestingly, overexpression of Hsp17.6CII in catalase-deficient mutants, nca1-3 and cat2 cat3, failed to rescue their stress-sensitive phenotypes and catalase activity, suggesting that Hsp17.6CII-mediated stress response is dependent on NCA1 and catalase activity. Overall, we identified a novel peroxisome-located catalase chaperone that is involved in plant abiotic stress resistance by activating catalase activity.
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Yergaliyev TM, Nurbekova Z, Mukiyanova G, Akbassova A, Sutula M, Zhangazin S, Bari A, Tleukulova Z, Shamekova M, Masalimov ZK, Omarov RT. The involvement of ROS producing aldehyde oxidase in plant response to Tombusvirus infection. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2016; 109:36-44. [PMID: 27632242 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2016.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2016] [Revised: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
The influence of Tomato bushy stunt virus (TBSV) infection on the activity and isoformic composition of aldehyde oxidase and catalase in Nicotiana benthamiana plants was investigated. It was shown that the infection of plants with TBSV results in enhancement of leaf aldehyde oxidase (AO) isoforms AO2 and AO3. Significantly enhanced levels of superoxide radical producing activity of AO isoforms were also detected. This is the first demonstration of involvement of plant AO in defense mechanisms against viral infection. In addition, the infection caused an increased accumulation of hydrogen peroxide, compared to mock-inoculated plants. The virus infection resulted in increased activity of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in roots and leaves of N. benthamiana. Moreover, activation of two additional CAT isoforms was observed in the leaves of plants after virus inoculation. Our findings indicate that the virus infection significantly affects enzymes responsible for the balance of ROS accumulation in plant tissue in response to pathogen attack.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timur M Yergaliyev
- Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian University, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Zhadyrassyn Nurbekova
- Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian University, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Gulzhamal Mukiyanova
- Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian University, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Alua Akbassova
- Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian University, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Maxim Sutula
- Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian University, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Sayan Zhangazin
- Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian University, Astana, Kazakhstan; Department of Biology and Ecology, S.Toraighyrov Pavlodar State University, Pavlodar, Kazakhstan
| | - Assyl Bari
- Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian University, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Zhanerke Tleukulova
- Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian University, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Malika Shamekova
- The Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Zhaksylyk K Masalimov
- Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian University, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Rustem T Omarov
- Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian University, Astana, Kazakhstan.
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Vitti A, Pellegrini E, Nali C, Lovelli S, Sofo A, Valerio M, Scopa A, Nuzzaci M. Trichoderma harzianum T-22 Induces Systemic Resistance in Tomato Infected by Cucumber mosaic virus. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1520. [PMID: 27777581 PMCID: PMC5056173 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the induction of plant defenses against viruses using biocontrol agents is essential for developing new strategies against these pathogens, given the ineffectiveness of chemical treatments. The ability of Trichoderma harzianum, strain T-22 (T22) to control Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) in Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme plants and the changes in the physiology of tomato treated/infected with T22/CMV were examined. Plant growth-promoting effects, photosynthetic performance, reactive oxygen species scavenging enzymes, and phytohormones were investigated. T22 improved tomato growth in terms of plant height and improved photosynthesis, total chlorophyll content and plant gas exchange. In contrast, CMV induced a negative effect on dry matter accumulation and inhibited the photosynthetic capacity. The analysis of plant hormones demonstrated that treating with T22 before or simultaneously to CMV infection, led to a systemic resistance by jasmonic acid/ethylene and salicylic acid signaling pathways. Conversely, systemic resistance was abscissic acid-dependent when T22 treatment was administered after the CMV infection. In conclusion, the data reported here indicate that the T22-based strategy may be the most effective measure against CMV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Vitti
- School of Agricultural, Forestry, Food and Environmental Sciences, Università degli Studi della Basilicata, PotenzaItaly
| | - Elisa Pellegrini
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, PisaItaly
| | - Cristina Nali
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, PisaItaly
| | - Stella Lovelli
- School of Agricultural, Forestry, Food and Environmental Sciences, Università degli Studi della Basilicata, PotenzaItaly
| | - Adriano Sofo
- School of Agricultural, Forestry, Food and Environmental Sciences, Università degli Studi della Basilicata, PotenzaItaly
| | - Maria Valerio
- School of Agricultural, Forestry, Food and Environmental Sciences, Università degli Studi della Basilicata, PotenzaItaly
| | - Antonio Scopa
- School of Agricultural, Forestry, Food and Environmental Sciences, Università degli Studi della Basilicata, PotenzaItaly
| | - Maria Nuzzaci
- School of Agricultural, Forestry, Food and Environmental Sciences, Università degli Studi della Basilicata, PotenzaItaly
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Kumari R, Kumar S, Singh L, Hallan V. Movement Protein of Cucumber Mosaic Virus Associates with Apoplastic Ascorbate Oxidase. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0163320. [PMID: 27668429 PMCID: PMC5036820 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0163320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant viral movement proteins facilitate virion movement mainly through interaction with a number of factors from the host. We report the association of a cell wall localized ascorbate oxidase (CsAO4) from Cucumis sativus with the movement protein (MP) of Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV). This was identified first in a yeast two-hybrid screen and validated by in vivo pull down and bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) assays. The BiFC assay showed localization of the bimolecular complexes of these proteins around the cell wall periphery as punctate spots. The expression of CsAO4 was induced during the initial infection period (up to 72 h) in CMV infected Nicotiana benthamiana plants. To functionally validate its role in viral spread, we analyzed the virus accumulation in CsAO4 overexpressing Arabidopsis thaliana and transiently silenced N. benthamiana plants (through a Tobacco rattle virus vector). Overexpression had no evident effect on virus accumulation in upper non-inoculated leaves of transgenic lines in comparison to WT plants at 7 days post inoculation (dpi). However, knockdown resulted in reduced CMV accumulation in systemic (non-inoculated) leaves of NbΔAO-pTRV2 silenced plants as compared to TRV inoculated control plants at 5 dpi (up to 1.3 fold difference). In addition, functional validation supported the importance of AO in plant development. These findings suggest that AO and viral MP interaction helps in early viral movement; however, it had no major effect on viral accumulation after 7 dpi. This study suggests that initial induction of expression of AO on virus infection and its association with viral MP helps both towards targeting of the MP to the apoplast and disrupting formation of functional AO dimers for spread of virus to nearby cells, reducing the redox defense of the plant during initial stages of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reenu Kumari
- Plant Virology lab, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, 176061, Himachal Pradesh, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, India
| | - Surender Kumar
- Plant Virology lab, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, 176061, Himachal Pradesh, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (CSIR-IHBT) Campus, Palampur, India
| | - Lakhmir Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, DAV University, Sarmastpur, Jalandhar, 144012, Punjab, India
| | - Vipin Hallan
- Plant Virology lab, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, 176061, Himachal Pradesh, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (CSIR-IHBT) Campus, Palampur, India
- * E-mail:
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Csorba T, Kontra L, Burgyán J. viral silencing suppressors: Tools forged to fine-tune host-pathogen coexistence. Virology 2015; 479-480:85-103. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2015.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 368] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Revised: 01/31/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Viral factors involved in plant pathogenesis. Curr Opin Virol 2015; 11:21-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2015.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Li J, Liu J, Wang G, Cha JY, Li G, Chen S, Li Z, Guo J, Zhang C, Yang Y, Kim WY, Yun DJ, Schumaker KS, Chen Z, Guo Y. A chaperone function of NO CATALASE ACTIVITY1 is required to maintain catalase activity and for multiple stress responses in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT CELL 2015; 27:908-25. [PMID: 25700484 PMCID: PMC4558663 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.114.135095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Revised: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Catalases are key regulators of reactive oxygen species homeostasis in plant cells. However, the regulation of catalase activity is not well understood. In this study, we isolated an Arabidopsis thaliana mutant, no catalase activity1-3 (nca1-3) that is hypersensitive to many abiotic stress treatments. The mutated gene was identified by map-based cloning as NCA1, which encodes a protein containing an N-terminal RING-finger domain and a C-terminal tetratricopeptide repeat-like helical domain. NCA1 interacts with and increases catalase activity maximally in a 240-kD complex in planta. In vitro, NCA1 interacts with CATALASE2 (CAT2) in a 1:1 molar ratio, and the NCA1 C terminus is essential for this interaction. CAT2 activity increased 10-fold in the presence of NCA1, and zinc ion binding of the NCA1 N terminus is required for this increase. NCA1 has chaperone protein activity that may maintain the folding of catalase in a functional state. NCA1 is a cytosol-located protein. Expression of NCA1 in the mitochondrion of the nca1-3 mutant does not rescue the abiotic stress phenotypes of the mutant, while expression in the cytosol or peroxisome does. Our results suggest that NCA1 is essential for catalase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Juntao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Guoqiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Joon-Yung Cha
- Division of Applied Life Sciences (BK21 Plus Program), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju City 660-701, Korea
| | - Guannan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - She Chen
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Zhen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jinghua Guo
- College of Life Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Caiguo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yongqing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Woe-Yeon Kim
- Division of Applied Life Sciences (BK21 Plus Program), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju City 660-701, Korea
| | - Dae-Jin Yun
- Division of Applied Life Sciences (BK21 Plus Program), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju City 660-701, Korea
| | - Karen S Schumaker
- School of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721
| | - Zhongzhou Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China National Center for Plant Gene Research, Beijing 100193, China
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Liang D, White RG, Waterhouse PM. Mobile gene silencing in Arabidopsis is regulated by hydrogen peroxide. PeerJ 2014; 2:e701. [PMID: 25551023 PMCID: PMC4277490 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In plants and nematodes, RNAi can spread from cells from which it is initiated to other cells in the organism. The underlying mechanism controlling the mobility of RNAi signals is not known, especially in the case of plants. A genetic screen designed to recover plants impaired in the movement but not the production or effectiveness of the RNAi signal identified RCI3, which encodes a hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-producing type III peroxidase, as a key regulator of silencing mobility in Arabidopsis thaliana. Silencing initiated in the roots of rci3 plants failed to spread into leaf tissue or floral tissue. Application of exogenous H2O2 reinstated the spread in rci3 plants and accelerated it in wild-type plants. The addition of catalase or MnO2, which breaks down H2O2, slowed the spread of silencing in wild-type plants. We propose that endogenous H2O2, under the control of peroxidases, regulates the spread of gene silencing by altering plasmodesmata permeability through remodelling of local cell wall structure, and may play a role in regulating systemic viral defence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dacheng Liang
- CSIRO Plant Industry , Canberra, ACT , Australia ; School of Molecular Bioscience, University of Sydney , Sydney, NSW , Australia
| | | | - Peter M Waterhouse
- CSIRO Plant Industry , Canberra, ACT , Australia ; School of Molecular Bioscience, University of Sydney , Sydney, NSW , Australia ; Centre for Tropical Crops and Biocommodities, Queensland University of Technology , Brisbane, QLD , Australia
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Viczián O, Künstler A, Hafez Y, Király L. Catalases may play different roles in influencing resistance to virus-induced hypersensitive necrosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1556/aphyt.49.2014.2.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Mathioudakis MM, Rodríguez-Moreno L, Sempere RN, Aranda MA, Livieratos I. Multifaceted capsid proteins: multiple interactions suggest multiple roles for Pepino mosaic virus capsid protein. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2014; 27:1356-69. [PMID: 25162316 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-07-14-0195-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Pepino mosaic virus (PepMV) (family Alphaflexiviridae, genus Potexvirus) is a mechanically transmitted tomato pathogen that, over the last decade, has evolved from emerging to endemic worldwide. Here, two heat-shock cognate (Hsc70) isoforms were identified as part of the coat protein (CP)/Hsc70 complex in vivo, following full-length PepMV and CP agroinoculation. PepMV accumulation was severely reduced in Hsp70 virus-induced gene silenced and in quercetin-treated Nicotiana benthamiana plants. Similarly, in vitro-transcribed as well as virion RNA input levels were reduced in quercetin-treated protoplasts, suggesting an essential role for Hsp70 in PepMV replication. As for Potato virus X, the PepMV CP and triple gene-block protein 1 (TGBp1) self-associate and interact with each other in vitro but, unlike in the prototype, both PepMV proteins represent suppressors of transgene-induced RNA silencing with different modes of action; CP is a more efficient suppressor of RNA silencing, sequesters the silencing signal by preventing its spread to neighboring cells and its systemic movement. Here, we provide evidence for additional roles of the PepMV CP and host-encoded Hsp70 in viral infection, the first as a truly multifunctional protein able to specifically bind to a host chaperone and to counterattack an RNA-based defense mechanism, and the latter as an essential factor for PepMV infection.
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Seo EY, Nam J, Kim HS, Park YH, Hong SM, Lakshman D, Bae H, Hammond J, Lim HS. Selective Interaction Between Chloroplast β-ATPase and TGB1L88 Retards Severe Symptoms Caused by Alternanthera mosaic virus Infection. THE PLANT PATHOLOGY JOURNAL 2014; 30:58-67. [PMID: 25288986 PMCID: PMC4174830 DOI: 10.5423/ppj.oa.09.2013.0097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2013] [Revised: 10/13/2013] [Accepted: 10/13/2013] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The multifunctional triple gene block protein 1 (TGB1) of the Potexvirus Alternanthera mosaic virus (AltMV) has been reported to have silencing suppressor, cell-to-cell movement, and helicase functions. Yeast two hybrid screening using an Arabidopsis thaliana cDNA library with TGB1 as bait, and co-purification with TGB1 inclusion bodies identified several host proteins which interact with AltMV TGB1. Host protein interactions with TGB1 were confirmed by biomolecular fluorescence complementation, which showed positive TGB1 interaction with mitochondrial ATP synthase delta' chain subunit (ATP synthase delta'), light harvesting chlorophyll-protein complex I subunit A4 (LHCA4), chlorophyll a/b binding protein 1 (LHB1B2), chloroplast-localized IscA-like protein (ATCPISCA), and chloroplast β-ATPase. However, chloroplast β-ATPase interacts only with TGB1L88, and not with weak silencing suppressor TGB1P88. This selective interaction indicates that chloroplast β-ATPase is not required for AltMV movement and replication; however, TRV silencing of chloroplast β-ATPase in Nicotiana benthamiana induced severe tissue necrosis when plants were infected by AltMV TGB1L88 but not AltMV TGB1P88, suggesting that β-ATPase selectively responded to TGB1L88 to induce defense responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Young Seo
- Department of Applied Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Korea
| | - Jiryun Nam
- Department of Applied Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Korea
- Department of Bioscience II, Bio-Medical Science, Daejeon 305-301, Korea
| | - Hyun-Seung Kim
- Department of Applied Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Korea
| | - Young-Hwan Park
- School of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749, Korea
| | - Seok Myeong Hong
- Department of Medicine, Graduate School, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, Korea
| | - Dilip Lakshman
- USDA-ARS, US National Arboretum, Floral and Nursery Plants Research Unit, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Hanhong Bae
- School of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749, Korea
- Hanhong Bae, Phone) +82-51-455-5495, FAX) +82-51-455-5494, E-mail)
| | - John Hammond
- USDA-ARS, US National Arboretum, Floral and Nursery Plants Research Unit, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
- John Hammond, Phone) +1-301-504-5313, FAX) +301-504-5096, E-mail)
| | - Hyoun-Sub Lim
- Department of Applied Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Korea
- Co-corresponding authors. Hyoun-Sub Lim, Phone) +82-42-821-5766, FAX) +82-42-823-8679, E-mail)
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