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Prakash V, Sharma V, Devendran R, Prajapati R, Ahmad B, Kumar R. A transition from enemies to allies: how viruses improve drought resilience in plants. STRESS BIOLOGY 2024; 4:33. [PMID: 38981936 PMCID: PMC11233480 DOI: 10.1007/s44154-024-00172-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Global crop production is severely affected by environmental factors such as drought, salinity, cold, flood etc. Among these stresses, drought is one of the major abiotic stresses reducing crop productivity. It is expected that drought conditions will further increase because of the increasing global temperature. In general, viruses are seen as a pathogen affecting the crop productivity. However, several researches are showing that viruses can induce drought tolerance in plants. This review explores the mechanisms underlying the interplay between viral infections and the drought response mechanisms in plants. We tried to address the molecular pathways and physiological changes induced by viruses that confer drought tolerance, including alterations in hormone signaling, antioxidant defenses, scavenging the reactive oxygen species, role of RNA silencing and miRNA pathway, change in the expression of several genes including heat shock proteins, cellulose synthase etc. Furthermore, we discuss various viruses implicated in providing drought tolerance and examine the range of plant species exhibiting this phenomenon. By applying current knowledge and identifying gaps in understanding, this review aims to provide valuable insights into the complex dynamics of virus-induced drought tolerance in plants, paving the way for future research directions and practical applications in sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ved Prakash
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA.
| | - Veerendra Sharma
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | | | - Ramgopal Prajapati
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Bilal Ahmad
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
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Sharma V, Mohammed SA, Devi N, Vats G, Tuli HS, Saini AK, Dhir YW, Dhir S, Singh B. Unveiling the dynamic relationship of viruses and/or symbiotic bacteria with plant resilience in abiotic stress. STRESS BIOLOGY 2024; 4:10. [PMID: 38311681 PMCID: PMC10838894 DOI: 10.1007/s44154-023-00126-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
In the ecosphere, plants interact with environmental biotic and abiotic partners, where unbalanced interactions can induce unfavourable stress conditions. Abiotic factors (temperature, water, and salt) are primarily required for plants healthy survival, and any change in their availability is reflected as a stress signal. In certain cases, the presence of infectious pathogens such as viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa, nematodes, and insects can also create stress conditions in plants, leading to the emergence of disease or deficiency symptoms. While these symptoms are often typical of abiotic or biotic stress, however, there are instances where they can intensify under specific conditions. Here, we primarily summarize the viral interactions with plants during abiotic stress to understand how these associations are linked together during viral pathogenesis. Secondly, focus is given to the beneficial effects of root-associated symbiotic bacteria in fulfilling the basic needs of plants during normal as well as abiotic stress conditions. The modulations of plant functional proteins, and their occurrence/cross-talk, with pathogen (virus) and symbiont (bacteria) molecules are also discussed. Furthermore, we have highlighted the biochemical and systematic adaptations that develop in plants due to bacterial symbiosis to encounter stress hallmarks. Lastly, directions are provided towards exploring potential rhizospheric bacteria to maintain plant-microbes ecosystem and manage abiotic stress in plants to achieve better trait health in the horticulture crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasudha Sharma
- Department of Biosciences & Technology and Central Research Cell, MMEC, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, 133207, India
| | - Shakeel A Mohammed
- Department of Biosciences & Technology and Central Research Cell, MMEC, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, 133207, India
| | - Nisha Devi
- Department of Biosciences & Technology and Central Research Cell, MMEC, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, 133207, India
| | - Gourav Vats
- Department of Biosciences & Technology and Central Research Cell, MMEC, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, 133207, India
| | - Hardeep S Tuli
- Department of Biosciences & Technology and Central Research Cell, MMEC, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, 133207, India
| | - Adesh K Saini
- Department of Biosciences & Technology and Central Research Cell, MMEC, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, 133207, India
| | - Yashika W Dhir
- Department of Biosciences & Technology and Central Research Cell, MMEC, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, 133207, India.
| | - Sunny Dhir
- Department of Biosciences & Technology and Central Research Cell, MMEC, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, 133207, India.
| | - Bharat Singh
- Department of Biosciences & Technology and Central Research Cell, MMEC, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, 133207, India.
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Pandey P, Patil M, Priya P, Senthil-Kumar M. When two negatives make a positive: the favorable impact of the combination of abiotic stress and pathogen infection on plants. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:674-688. [PMID: 37864841 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
Combined abiotic and biotic stresses modify plant defense signaling, leading to either the activation or suppression of defense responses. Although the majority of combined abiotic and biotic stresses reduce plant fitness, certain abiotic stresses reduce the severity of pathogen infection in plants. Remarkably, certain pathogens also improve the tolerance of some plants to a few abiotic stresses. While considerable research focuses on the detrimental impact of combined stresses on plants, the upside of combined stress remains hidden. This review succinctly discusses the interactions between abiotic stresses and pathogen infection that benefit plant fitness. Various factors that govern the positive influence of combined abiotic stress and pathogen infection on plant performance are also discussed. In addition, we provide a brief overview of the role of pathogens, mainly viruses, in improving plant responses to abiotic stresses. We further highlight the critical nodes in defense signaling that guide plant responses during abiotic stress towards enhanced resistance to pathogens. Studies on antagonistic interactions between abiotic and biotic stressors can uncover candidates in host plant defense that may shield plants from combined stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prachi Pandey
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, PO Box No. 10531, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Mahesh Patil
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, PO Box No. 10531, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Piyush Priya
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, PO Box No. 10531, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Muthappa Senthil-Kumar
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, PO Box No. 10531, New Delhi 110067, India
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Ontiveros I, Fernández-Pozo N, Esteve-Codina A, López-Moya JJ, Díaz-Pendón JA. Enhanced Susceptibility to Tomato Chlorosis Virus (ToCV) in Hsp90- and Sgt1-Silenced Plants: Insights from Gene Expression Dynamics. Viruses 2023; 15:2370. [PMID: 38140611 PMCID: PMC10747942 DOI: 10.3390/v15122370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The emerging whitefly-transmitted crinivirus tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV) causes substantial economic losses by inducing yellow leaf disorder in tomato crops. This study explores potential resistance mechanisms by examining early-stage molecular responses to ToCV. A time-course transcriptome analysis compared naïve, mock, and ToCV-infected plants at 2, 7, and 14 days post-infection (dpi). Gene expression changes were most notable at 2 and 14 dpi, likely corresponding to whitefly feeding and viral infection. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses revealed key genes and pathways associated with ToCV infection, including those related to plant immunity, flavonoid and steroid biosynthesis, photosynthesis, and hormone signaling. Additionally, virus-derived small interfering RNAs (vsRNAs) originating from ToCV predominantly came from RNA2 and were 22 nucleotides in length. Furthermore, two genes involved in plant immunity, Hsp90 (heat shock protein 90) and its co-chaperone Sgt1 (suppressor of the G2 allele of Skp1) were targeted through viral-induced gene silencing (VIGS), showing a potential contribution to basal resistance against viral infections since their reduction correlated with increased ToCV accumulation. This study provides insights into tomato plant responses to ToCV, with potential implications for developing effective disease control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Ontiveros
- Institute for Mediterranean and Subtropical Horticulture La Mayora (IHSM), CSIC-UMA, 29750 Algarrobo-Costa, Spain; (I.O.); (N.F.-P.)
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, 08913 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Noé Fernández-Pozo
- Institute for Mediterranean and Subtropical Horticulture La Mayora (IHSM), CSIC-UMA, 29750 Algarrobo-Costa, Spain; (I.O.); (N.F.-P.)
| | - Anna Esteve-Codina
- CNAG-CRG, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Juan José López-Moya
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, 08913 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Juan Antonio Díaz-Pendón
- Institute for Mediterranean and Subtropical Horticulture La Mayora (IHSM), CSIC-UMA, 29750 Algarrobo-Costa, Spain; (I.O.); (N.F.-P.)
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Gorovits R, Shteinberg M, Anfoka G, Czosnek H. Exploiting Virus Infection to Protect Plants from Abiotic Stresses: Tomato Protection by a Begomovirus. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:2944. [PMID: 36365396 PMCID: PMC9657025 DOI: 10.3390/plants11212944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Tomato cultivation is threatened by environmental stresses (e.g., heat, drought) and by viral infection (mainly viruses belonging to the tomato yellow leaf curl virus family-TYLCVs). Unlike many RNA viruses, TYLCV infection does not induce a hypersensitive response and cell death in tomato plants. To ensure a successful infection, TYLCV preserves a suitable cellular environment where it can reproduce. Infected plants experience a mild stress, undergo adaptation and become partially "ready" to exposure to other environmental stresses. Plant wilting and cessation of growth caused by heat and drought is suppressed by TYLCV infection, mainly by down-regulating the heat shock transcription factors, HSFA1, HSFA2, HSFB1 and consequently, the expression of HSF-regulated stress genes. In particular, TYLCV captures HSFA2 by inducing protein complexes and aggregates, thus attenuating an acute stress response, which otherwise causes plant death. Viral infection mitigates the increase in stress-induced metabolites, such as carbohydrates and amino acids, and leads to their reallocation from shoots to roots. Under high temperatures and water deficit, TYLCV induces plant cellular homeostasis, promoting host survival. Thus, this virus-plant interaction is beneficial for both partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rena Gorovits
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Moshe Shteinberg
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Ghandi Anfoka
- Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Al Balqa’ University, Al-Salt 10117, Jordan
| | - Henryk Czosnek
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
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Bělonožníková K, Hýsková V, Vašková M, Křížek T, Čokrtová K, Vaněk T, Halířová L, Chudý M, Žufić A, Ryšlavá H. Seed Protection of Solanum lycopersicum with Pythium oligandrum against Alternaria brassicicola and Verticillium albo-atrum. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10071348. [PMID: 35889067 PMCID: PMC9315653 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10071348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Pythium oligandrum, strain M1, is a soil oomycete successfully used as a biological control agent (BCA), protecting plants against fungal, yeast, and oomycete pathogens through mycoparasitism and elicitor-dependent plant priming. The not yet described Pythium strains, X42 and 00X48, have shown potential as BCAs given the high activity of their secreted proteases, endoglycosidases, and tryptamine. Here, Solanum lycopersicum L. cv. Micro-Tom seeds were coated with Pythium strains, and seedlings were exposed to fungal pathogens, either Alternaria brassicicola or Verticillium albo-atrum. The effects of both infection and seed-coating on plant metabolism were assessed by determining the activity and isoforms of antioxidant enzymes and endoglycosidases and the content of tryptamine, amino acids, and heat shock proteins. Dual culture competition testing and microscopy analysis confirmed mycoparasitism in all three Pythium strains. In turn, seed treatment significantly increased the total free amino acid content, changing their abundance in both non-infected and infected plants. In response to pathogens, plant Hsp70 and Hsp90 isoform levels also varied among Pythium strains, most likely as a strategy for priming the plant against infection. Overall, our results show in vitro mycoparasitism between Pythium strains and fungal pathogens and in planta involvement of heat shock proteins in priming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kateřina Bělonožníková
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030, 128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic; (K.B.); (V.H.); (M.V.); (T.K.); (K.Č.); (L.H.); (M.C.); (A.Ž.)
| | - Veronika Hýsková
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030, 128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic; (K.B.); (V.H.); (M.V.); (T.K.); (K.Č.); (L.H.); (M.C.); (A.Ž.)
| | - Marie Vašková
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030, 128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic; (K.B.); (V.H.); (M.V.); (T.K.); (K.Č.); (L.H.); (M.C.); (A.Ž.)
| | - Tomáš Křížek
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030, 128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic; (K.B.); (V.H.); (M.V.); (T.K.); (K.Č.); (L.H.); (M.C.); (A.Ž.)
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030, 128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Čokrtová
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030, 128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic; (K.B.); (V.H.); (M.V.); (T.K.); (K.Č.); (L.H.); (M.C.); (A.Ž.)
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030, 128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Vaněk
- Biopreparáty, spol. s r.o., Tylišovská 1, 160 00 Prague 6, Czech Republic;
| | - Lucie Halířová
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030, 128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic; (K.B.); (V.H.); (M.V.); (T.K.); (K.Č.); (L.H.); (M.C.); (A.Ž.)
| | - Michal Chudý
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030, 128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic; (K.B.); (V.H.); (M.V.); (T.K.); (K.Č.); (L.H.); (M.C.); (A.Ž.)
| | - Antoniana Žufić
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030, 128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic; (K.B.); (V.H.); (M.V.); (T.K.); (K.Č.); (L.H.); (M.C.); (A.Ž.)
| | - Helena Ryšlavá
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030, 128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic; (K.B.); (V.H.); (M.V.); (T.K.); (K.Č.); (L.H.); (M.C.); (A.Ž.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +420-221-951-282
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Wang L, Liu F, Ju L, Xue B, Wang Y, Wang D, Hou D. Genome Structures and Evolution Analysis of Hsp90 Gene Family in Brassica napus Reveal the Possible Roles of Members in Response to Salt Stress and the Infection of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:854034. [PMID: 35463405 PMCID: PMC9022010 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.854034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Heat shock proteins 90 (Hsp90s) are conserved proteins participating in the responses to heat stress and are found to be involved in different kinds of abiotic and biotic stresses. Brassica napus (B. napus) is an important heteropolyploid crop, producing edible oil. Salt stress is one of the most important hazards to the growth of rape in the world, while Sclerotinia stem rot is one of the most serious diseases, caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (S. sclerotiorum). In this study, the evolution of Hsp90 genes and their responses to these two stresses were elucidated. Bioinformatic analysis through the whole genome of B. napus identified 35 Hsp90 gene family members. Five groups were obtained via phylogenetic analysis with the 35 Hsp genes, Hsps from its two ancestor species Brassica rapa, Brassica oleracea, and AtHsps. Gene structure and conservative motif analysis of these 35 Hsps indicated that the Hsps were relatively conservative in each group. Strong collinearity was also detected between the genomes of Brassica rapa, Brassica oleracea and B. napus, along with identifying syntenic gene pairs of Hsps among the three genomes. In addition, whole genome duplication was discovered as the main reason for the generation of BnHsp gene family. The analysis of cis-acting elements indicated that BnHsp90 might be involved in a variety of abiotic and biotic stress responses. Analysis of the expression pattern indicated that BnHsp90 participates in the responses of B. napus to salt stress and the infection of S. sclerotiorum. Fourteen and nine BnHsp90s were validated to be involved in the defense responses of B. napus against salt stress and S. sclerotiorum, respectively. Our results provide new insights for the roles of BnHsp90s in the responses of B. napus to salt stress and S. sclerotiorum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Wang
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Fei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Lingyue Ju
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Bing Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yongfeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Daojie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- College of Agriculture, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Dianyun Hou
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
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Mishra R, Shteinberg M, Shkolnik D, Anfoka G, Czosnek H, Gorovits R. Interplay between abiotic (drought) and biotic (virus) stresses in tomato plants. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2022; 23:475-488. [PMID: 34970822 PMCID: PMC8916204 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
With climate warming, drought becomes a vital challenge for agriculture. Extended drought periods affect plant-pathogen interactions. We demonstrate an interplay in tomato between drought and infection with tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV). Infected plants became more tolerant to drought, showing plant readiness to water scarcity by reducing metabolic activity in leaves and increasing it in roots. Reallocation of osmolytes, such as carbohydrates and amino acids, from shoots to roots suggested a role of roots in protecting infected tomatoes against drought. To avoid an acute response possibly lethal for the host organism, TYLCV down-regulated the drought-induced activation of stress response proteins and metabolites. Simultaneously, TYLCV promoted the stabilization of osmoprotectants' patterns and water balance parameters, resulting in the development of buffering conditions in infected plants subjected to prolonged stress. Drought-dependent decline of TYLCV amounts was correlated with HSFA1-controlled activation of autophagy, mostly in the roots. The tomato response to combined drought and TYLCV infection points to a mutual interaction between the plant host and its viral pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritesh Mishra
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in AgricultureRobert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and EnvironmentThe Hebrew University of JerusalemRehovotIsrael
| | - Moshik Shteinberg
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in AgricultureRobert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and EnvironmentThe Hebrew University of JerusalemRehovotIsrael
| | - Doron Shkolnik
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in AgricultureRobert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and EnvironmentThe Hebrew University of JerusalemRehovotIsrael
| | - Ghandi Anfoka
- Faculty of Agricultural TechnologyAl Balqa' UniversityAl‐SaltJordan
| | - Henryk Czosnek
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in AgricultureRobert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and EnvironmentThe Hebrew University of JerusalemRehovotIsrael
| | - Rena Gorovits
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in AgricultureRobert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and EnvironmentThe Hebrew University of JerusalemRehovotIsrael
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Analysis of the miRNA expression profile involved in the tomato spotted wilt orthotospovirus–pepper interaction. Virus Res 2022; 312:198710. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2022.198710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Shteinberg M, Mishra R, Anfoka G, Altaleb M, Brotman Y, Moshelion M, Gorovits R, Czosnek H. Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus (TYLCV) Promotes Plant Tolerance to Drought. Cells 2021; 10:2875. [PMID: 34831098 PMCID: PMC8616339 DOI: 10.3390/cells10112875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A growing body of research points to a positive interplay between viruses and plants. Tomato yellow curl virus (TYLCV) is able to protect tomato host plants against extreme drought. To envisage the use of virus protective capacity in agriculture, TYLCV-resistant tomato lines have to be infected first with the virus before planting. Such virus-resistant tomato plants contain virus amounts that do not cause disease symptoms, growth inhibition, or yield loss, but are sufficient to modify the metabolism of the plant, resulting in improved tolerance to drought. This phenomenon is based on the TYLCV-dependent stabilization of amounts of key osmoprotectants induced by drought (soluble sugars, amino acids, and proteins). Although in infected TYLCV-susceptible tomatoes, stress markers also show an enhanced stability, in infected TYLCV-resistant plants, water balance and osmolyte homeostasis reach particularly high levels. These tomato plants survive long periods of time during water withholding. However, after recovery to normal irrigation, they produce fruits which are not exposed to drought, similarly to the control plants. Using these features, it might be possible to cultivate TYLCV-resistant plants during seasons characterized by water scarcity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moshik Shteinberg
- Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel; (M.S.); (R.M.); (M.M.); (R.G.)
| | - Ritesh Mishra
- Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel; (M.S.); (R.M.); (M.M.); (R.G.)
| | - Ghandi Anfoka
- Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Al-Balqa Applied University, Al-Salt 19117, Jordan; (G.A.); (M.A.)
| | - Miassar Altaleb
- Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Al-Balqa Applied University, Al-Salt 19117, Jordan; (G.A.); (M.A.)
| | - Yariv Brotman
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, POB 653, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel;
| | - Menachem Moshelion
- Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel; (M.S.); (R.M.); (M.M.); (R.G.)
| | - Rena Gorovits
- Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel; (M.S.); (R.M.); (M.M.); (R.G.)
| | - Henryk Czosnek
- Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel; (M.S.); (R.M.); (M.M.); (R.G.)
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Ramulifho E, Rey MEC. Proteome Mapping of South African Cassava Mosaic Virus-Infected Susceptible and Tolerant Landraces of Cassava. Proteomes 2021; 9:41. [PMID: 34842800 PMCID: PMC8628908 DOI: 10.3390/proteomes9040041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The production of cassava is threatened by the geminivirus South African cassava mosaic virus (SACMV), which causes cassava mosaic disease. Cassava landrace TME3 shows tolerance to SACMV, while T200 is highly susceptible. This study aimed to identify the leaf proteome involved in anti-viral defence. Liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) identified 2682 (54 differentially expressed) and 2817 (206 differentially expressed) proteins in both landraces at systemic infection (32 days post infection) and symptom recovery (67 days post infection), respectively. Differences in the number of differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) between the two landraces were observed. Gene ontology analysis showed that defence-associated pathways such as the chloroplast, proteasome, and ribosome were overrepresented at 67 days post infection (dpi) in SACMV-tolerant TME3. At 67 dpi, a high percentage (56%) of over-expressed proteins were localized in the chloroplast in TME3 compared to T200 (31% under-expressed), proposing that chloroplast proteins play a role in tolerance in TME3. Ribosomal_L7Ae domain-containing protein (Manes.12G139100) was over-expressed uniquely in TME3 at 67 dpi and interacts with the ribosomal protein Sac52 (RPL10). RPL10 is a known key player in the NIK1-mediated effector triggered immunity (ETI) response to geminivirus infection, indicating a possible role for Sac52 in SACMV recovery in TME3. In conclusion, differential protein expression responses in TME3 and T200 may be key to unravel tolerance to CMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elelwani Ramulifho
- Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2001, South Africa;
- Germplasm Development, Agricultural Research Council-Small Grain Institute, Bethlehem 9700, South Africa
| | - Marie Emma Christine Rey
- Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2001, South Africa;
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12
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Fungal F8-Culture Filtrate Induces Tomato Resistance against Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Thailand Virus. Viruses 2021; 13:v13081434. [PMID: 34452299 PMCID: PMC8402638 DOI: 10.3390/v13081434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is an important economic crop worldwide. However, tomato production is jeopardized by the devastating tomato yellow leaf curl disease caused by whitefly-transmitted begomoviruses (WTBs). In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of our previously developed plant antiviral immunity inducer, fungal F8-culture filtrate, on tomato to combat tomato yellow leaf curl Thailand virus (TYLCTHV), the predominant WTB in Taiwan. Our results indicated that F8-culture filtrate treatment induced strong resistance, did not reduce the growth of tomato, and induced prominent resistance against TYLCTHV both in the greenhouse and in the field. Among TYLCTHV-inoculated Yu-Nu tomato grown in the greenhouse, a greater percentage of plants treated with F8-culture filtrate (43-100%) were healthy-looking compared to the H2O control (0-14%). We found that TYLCTHV cannot move systemically only on the F8-culture filtrate pretreated healthy-looking plants. Tracking the expression of phytohormone-mediated immune maker genes revealed that F8-culture filtrate mainly induced salicylic acid-mediated plant immunity. Furthermore, callose depositions and the expression of the pathogen-induced callose synthase gene, POWDERY MILDEW RESISTANT 4 were only strongly induced by TYLCTHV on tomato pretreated with F8-culture filtrate. This study provides an effective way to induce tomato resistance against TYLCTHV.
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13
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Geminivirus-Host Interactions: Action and Reaction in Receptor-Mediated Antiviral Immunity. Viruses 2021; 13:v13050840. [PMID: 34066372 PMCID: PMC8148220 DOI: 10.3390/v13050840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In plant−virus interactions, the plant immune system and virulence strategies are under constant pressure for dominance, and the balance of these opposing selection pressures can result in disease or resistance. The naturally evolving plant antiviral immune defense consists of a multilayered perception system represented by pattern recognition receptors (PRR) and resistance (R) proteins similarly to the nonviral pathogen innate defenses. Another layer of antiviral immunity, signaling via a cell surface receptor-like kinase to inhibit host and viral mRNA translation, has been identified as a virulence target of the geminivirus nuclear shuttle protein. The Geminiviridae family comprises broad-host range viruses that cause devastating plant diseases in a large variety of relevant crops and vegetables and hence have evolved a repertoire of immune-suppressing functions. In this review, we discuss the primary layers of the receptor-mediated antiviral immune system, focusing on the mechanisms developed by geminiviruses to overcome plant immunity.
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Teixeira RM, Ferreira MA, Raimundo GAS, Fontes EPB. Geminiviral Triggers and Suppressors of Plant Antiviral Immunity. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9040775. [PMID: 33917649 PMCID: PMC8067988 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9040775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Geminiviruses are circular single-stranded DNA plant viruses encapsidated into geminate virion particles, which infect many crops and vegetables and, hence, represent significant agricultural constraints worldwide. To maintain their broad-range host spectrum and establish productive infection, the geminiviruses must circumvent a potent plant antiviral immune system, which consists of a multilayered perception system represented by RNA interference sensors and effectors, pattern recognition receptors (PRR), and resistance (R) proteins. This recognition system leads to the activation of conserved defense responses that protect plants against different co-existing viral and nonviral pathogens in nature. Furthermore, a specific antiviral cell surface receptor signaling is activated at the onset of geminivirus infection to suppress global translation. This review highlighted these layers of virus perception and host defenses and the mechanisms developed by geminiviruses to overcome the plant antiviral immunity mechanisms.
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15
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Razi K, Muneer S. Drought stress-induced physiological mechanisms, signaling pathways and molecular response of chloroplasts in common vegetable crops. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2021; 41:669-691. [PMID: 33525946 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2021.1874280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Drought stress is one of the most adverse abiotic stresses that hinder plants' growth and productivity, threatening sustainable crop production. It impairs normal growth, disturbs water relations and reduces water-use efficiency in plants. However, plants have evolved many physiological and biochemical responses at the cellular and organism levels, in order to cope with drought stress. Photosynthesis, which is considered one of the most crucial biological processes for survival of plants, is greatly affected by drought stress. A gradual decrease in CO2 assimilation rates, reduced leaf size, stem extension and root proliferation under drought stress, disturbs plant water relations, reducing water-use efficiency, disrupts photosynthetic pigments and reduces the gas exchange affecting the plants adversely. In such conditions, the chloroplast, organelle responsible for photosynthesis, is found to counteract the ill effects of drought stress by its critical involvement as a sensor of changes occurring in the environment, as the first process that drought stress affects is photosynthesis. Beside photosynthesis, chloroplasts carry out primary metabolic functions such as the biosynthesis of starch, amino acids, lipids, and tetrapyroles, and play a central role in the assimilation of nitrogen and sulfur. Because the chloroplasts are central organelles where the photosynthetic reactions take place, modifications in their physiology and protein pools are expected in response to the drought stress-induced variations in leaf gas exchanges and the accumulation of ROS. Higher expression levels of various transcription factors and other proteins including heat shock-related protein, LEA proteins seem to be regulating the heat tolerance mechanisms. However, several aspects of plastid alterations, following a water deficit environment are still poorly characterized. Since plants adapt to various stress tolerance mechanisms to respond to drought stress, understanding mechanisms of drought stress tolerance in plants will lead toward the development of drought tolerance in crop plants. This review throws light on major droughts stress-induced molecular/physiological mechanisms in response to severe and prolonged drought stress and addresses the molecular response of chloroplasts in common vegetable crops. It further highlights research gaps, identifying unexplored domains and suggesting recommendations for future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaukab Razi
- Horticulture and Molecular Physiology Lab, School of Agricultural Innovations and Advanced Learning, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.,School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sowbiya Muneer
- Horticulture and Molecular Physiology Lab, School of Agricultural Innovations and Advanced Learning, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
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16
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Zhao Z, Zhang JW, Lu SH, Zhang H, Liu F, Fu B, Zhao MQ, Liu H. Transcriptome divergence between developmental senescence and premature senescence in Nicotiana tabacum L. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20556. [PMID: 33239739 PMCID: PMC7688636 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77395-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Senescence is a degenerative process triggered by intricate and coordinated regulatory networks, and the mechanisms of age-dependent senescence and stress-induced premature senescence still remain largely elusive. Thus we selected leaf samples of developmental senescence (DS) and premature senescence (PS) to reveal the regulatory divergence. Senescent leaves were confirmed by yellowing symptom and physiological measurement. A total of 1171 and 309 genes (DEGs) were significantly expressed respectively in the whole process of DS and PS. Up-regulated DEGs in PS were mostly related to ion transport, while the down-regulated DEGs were mainly associated with oxidoreductase activity and sesquiterpenoid and triterpenoid biosynthesis. In DS, photosynthesis, precursor metabolites and energy, protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum, flavonoid biosynthesis were notable. Moreover, we found the vital pathways shared by DS and PS, of which the DEGs were analyzed further via protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis to explore the alteration responding to two types of senescence. In addition, plant hormone transduction pathway was mapped by related DEGs, suggesting that ABA and ethylene signaling played pivotal roles in formulating the distinction of DS and PS. Finally, we conducted a model containing oxidative stress and ABA signaling as two hub points, which highlighted the major difference and predicted the possible mechanism under DS and PS. This work gained new insight into molecular divergence of developmental senescence and premature senescence and would provide reference on potential mechanism initiating and motivating senescence for further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Zhao
- College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Wen Zhang
- College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, People's Republic of China
| | - Shao-Hao Lu
- College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Zhang
- College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Liu
- College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Fu
- College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming-Qin Zhao
- College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hui Liu
- College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, People's Republic of China
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17
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Zhang K, Lu H, Wan C, Tang D, Zhao Y, Luo K, Li S, Wang J. The Spread and Transmission of Sweet Potato Virus Disease (SPVD) and Its Effect on the Gene Expression Profile in Sweet Potato. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9040492. [PMID: 32290324 PMCID: PMC7238082 DOI: 10.3390/plants9040492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Sweet potato virus disease (SPVD) is the most devastating viral disease in sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.), causing substantial yield losses worldwide. We conducted a systemic investigation on the spread, transmission, and pathogenesis of SPVD. Field experiments conducted over two years on ten sweet potato varieties showed that SPVD symptoms first occurred in newly developed top leaves, and spread from adjacent to distant plants in the field. The SPVD incidence was mainly (but not only) determined by the resistance of the varieties planted, and each variety exhibited a characteristic subset of SPVD symptoms. SPVD was not robustly transmitted through friction inoculation, but friction of the main stem might contribute to a higher SPVD incidence rate compared to friction of the leaf and branch tissues. Furthermore, our results suggested that SPVD might be latent in the storage root. Therefore, using virus-free storage roots and cuttings, purposeful monitoring for SPVD according to variety-specific symptoms, and swiftly removing infected plants (especially during the later growth stages) would help control and prevent SPVD during sweet potato production. Comparative transcriptome analysis revealed that numerous genes involved in photosynthesis, starch and sucrose metabolism, flavonoid biosynthesis, and carotenoid biosynthesis were downregulated following SPVD, whereas those involved in monolignol biosynthesis, zeatin biosynthesis, trehalose metabolism, and linoleic acid metabolism were upregulated. Notably, critical genes involved in pathogenesis and plant defense were significantly induced or suppressed following SPVD. These data provide insights into the molecular changes of sweet potato in response to SPVD and elucidate potential SPVD pathogenesis and defense mechanisms in sweet potato. Our study provides important information that can be used to tailor sustainable SPVD control strategies and guide the molecular breeding of SPVD-resistant sweet potato varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China; (H.L.); (C.W.); (D.T.); (Y.Z.); (K.L.); (S.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Breeding for Tuber and Root Crops in Chongqing, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
- State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land of Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
- Correspondence: (K.Z.);
(J.W.); Tel.: +86-6825-1264 (K.Z.); +86-6825-1264 (J.W.)
| | - Huixiang Lu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China; (H.L.); (C.W.); (D.T.); (Y.Z.); (K.L.); (S.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Breeding for Tuber and Root Crops in Chongqing, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
- State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land of Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Chuanfang Wan
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China; (H.L.); (C.W.); (D.T.); (Y.Z.); (K.L.); (S.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Breeding for Tuber and Root Crops in Chongqing, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Daobin Tang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China; (H.L.); (C.W.); (D.T.); (Y.Z.); (K.L.); (S.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Breeding for Tuber and Root Crops in Chongqing, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
- State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land of Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yong Zhao
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China; (H.L.); (C.W.); (D.T.); (Y.Z.); (K.L.); (S.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Breeding for Tuber and Root Crops in Chongqing, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
- State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land of Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Kai Luo
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China; (H.L.); (C.W.); (D.T.); (Y.Z.); (K.L.); (S.L.)
- The Agricultural Science Research Institute of Liupanshui, Guizhou 553001, China
| | - Shixi Li
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China; (H.L.); (C.W.); (D.T.); (Y.Z.); (K.L.); (S.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Breeding for Tuber and Root Crops in Chongqing, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jichun Wang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China; (H.L.); (C.W.); (D.T.); (Y.Z.); (K.L.); (S.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Breeding for Tuber and Root Crops in Chongqing, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
- State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land of Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
- Correspondence: (K.Z.);
(J.W.); Tel.: +86-6825-1264 (K.Z.); +86-6825-1264 (J.W.)
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18
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Zaidi SS, Naqvi RZ, Asif M, Strickler S, Shakir S, Shafiq M, Khan AM, Amin I, Mishra B, Mukhtar MS, Scheffler BE, Scheffler JA, Mueller LA, Mansoor S. Molecular insight into cotton leaf curl geminivirus disease resistance in cultivated cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2020; 18:691-706. [PMID: 31448544 PMCID: PMC7004920 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Cultivated cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) is the most important fibre crop in the world. Cotton leaf curl disease (CLCuD) is the major limiting factor and a threat to textile industry in India and Pakistan. All the local cotton cultivars exhibit moderate to no resistance against CLCuD. In this study, we evaluated an exotic cotton accession Mac7 as a resistance source to CLCuD by challenging it with viruliferous whiteflies and performing qPCR to evaluate the presence/absence and relative titre of CLCuD-associated geminiviruses/betasatellites. The results indicated that replication of pathogenicity determinant betasatellite is significantly attenuated in Mac7 and probably responsible for resistance phenotype. Afterwards, to decipher the genetic basis of CLCuD resistance in Mac7, we performed RNA sequencing on CLCuD-infested Mac7 and validated RNA-Seq data with qPCR on 24 independent genes. We performed co-expression network and pathway analysis for regulation of geminivirus/betasatellite-interacting genes. We identified nine novel modules with 52 hubs of highly connected genes in network topology within the co-expression network. Analysis of these hubs indicated the differential regulation of auxin stimulus and cellular localization pathways in response to CLCuD. We also analysed the differential regulation of geminivirus/betasatellite-interacting genes in Mac7. We further performed the functional validation of selected candidate genes via virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS). Finally, we evaluated the genomic context of resistance responsive genes and found that these genes are not specific to A or D sub-genomes of G. hirsutum. These results have important implications in understanding CLCuD resistance mechanism and developing a durable resistance in cultivated cotton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Shan‐e‐Ali Zaidi
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic EngineeringFaisalabadPakistan
- Boyce Thompson InstituteIthacaNYUSA
- Plant Genetics LabTERRA Teaching and Research CenterGembloux Agro-Bio TechUniversity of LiègeGemblouxBelgium
| | - Rubab Zahra Naqvi
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic EngineeringFaisalabadPakistan
- Boyce Thompson InstituteIthacaNYUSA
| | - Muhammad Asif
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic EngineeringFaisalabadPakistan
| | | | - Sara Shakir
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic EngineeringFaisalabadPakistan
- Boyce Thompson InstituteIthacaNYUSA
- Plant Genetics LabTERRA Teaching and Research CenterGembloux Agro-Bio TechUniversity of LiègeGemblouxBelgium
| | - Muhammad Shafiq
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic EngineeringFaisalabadPakistan
- Present address:
Department of BiotechnologyUniversity of OkaraOkaraPakistan
| | - Abdul Manan Khan
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic EngineeringFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Imran Amin
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic EngineeringFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Bharat Mishra
- Department of BiologyUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamALUSA
| | - M. Shahid Mukhtar
- Department of BiologyUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamALUSA
| | - Brian E. Scheffler
- Genomics and Bioinformatics Research UnitUnited States Department of Agriculture‐Agricultural Research Service (USDA‐ARS)StonevilleMSUSA
| | - Jodi A. Scheffler
- Crop Genetics Research UnitUnited States Department of Agriculture‐Agricultural Research Service (USDA‐ARS)StonevilleMSUSA
| | | | - Shahid Mansoor
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic EngineeringFaisalabadPakistan
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19
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Kumar RV. Plant Antiviral Immunity Against Geminiviruses and Viral Counter-Defense for Survival. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1460. [PMID: 31297106 PMCID: PMC6607972 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The family Geminiviridae includes plant-infecting viruses whose genomes are composed of one or two circular non-enveloped ssDNAs(+) of about 2.5-5.2 kb each in size. These insect-transmissible geminiviruses cause significant crop losses across continents and pose a serious threat to food security. Under the control of promoters generally located within the intergenic region, their genomes encode five to eight ORFs from overlapping viral transcripts. Most proteins encoded by geminiviruses perform multiple functions, such as suppressing defense responses, hijacking ubiquitin-proteasomal pathways, altering hormonal responses, manipulating cell cycle regulation, and exploiting protein-signaling cascades. Geminiviruses establish complex but coordinated interactions with several host elements to spread and facilitate successful infection cycles. Consequently, plants have evolved several multilayered defense strategies against geminivirus infection and distribution. Recent studies on the evasion of host-mediated resistance factors by various geminivirus proteins through novel mechanisms have provided new insights into the development of antiviral strategies against geminiviruses. This review summarizes the current knowledge concerning virus movement within and between cells, as well as the recent advances in our understanding of the biological roles of virus-encoded proteins in manipulating host-mediated responses and insect transmission. This review also highlights unexplored areas that may increase our understanding of the biology of geminiviruses and how to combat these important plant pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Vinoth Kumar
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bengaluru, India
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20
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Kanakala S, Kontsedalov S, Lebedev G, Ghanim M. Plant-Mediated Silencing of the Whitefly Bemisia tabaci Cyclophilin B and Heat Shock Protein 70 Impairs Insect Development and Virus Transmission. Front Physiol 2019; 10:557. [PMID: 31133883 PMCID: PMC6517521 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The whitefly B. tabaci is a global pest and transmits extremely important plant viruses especially begomoviruses, that cause substantial crop losses. B. tabaci is one of the top invasive species worldwide and have developed resistance to all major pesticide classes. One of the promising alternative ways for controlling this pest is studying its genetic makeup for identifying specific target proteins which are critical for its development and ability to transmit viruses. Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) is the most economically important and well-studied begomovirus transmitted by B. tabaci, in a persistent-circulative manner. Recently, we reported that B. tabaci Cyclophilin B (CypB) and heat shock protein 70 proteins (hsp70) interact and co-localize with TYLCV in the whitefly midgut, on the virus transmission pathway, and that both proteins have a significant role in virus transmission. Here, we extended the previous work and used the Tobacco rattle virus (TRV) plant-mediated RNA silencing system for knocking down both genes and testing the effect of their silencing on whitefly viability and virus transmission. Portions of these two genes were cloned into TRV constructs and tomato plants were infected and used for whitefly feeding and transmission experiments. Following whitefly feeding on TRV-plants, the expression levels of cypB and hsp70 in adult B. tabaci significantly decreased over 72 h feeding period. The knockdown in the expression of both genes was further shown in the first generation of silenced whiteflies, where phenotypic abnormalities in the adult, wing, nymph and bacteriosomes development and structure were observed. Additionally, high mortality rates that reached more than 80% among nymphs and adults were obtained. Finally, silenced whitefly adults with both genes showed decreased ability to transmit TYLCV under lab conditions. Our results suggest that plant-mediated silencing of both cypB and hsp70 have profound effects on whitefly development and its ability to transmit TYLCV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surapathrudu Kanakala
- Department of Entomology, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Svetlana Kontsedalov
- Department of Entomology, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Galina Lebedev
- Department of Entomology, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Murad Ghanim
- Department of Entomology, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
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21
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Heat Shock-Induced Resistance Against Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Okabe) Young et al. via Heat Shock Transcription Factors in Tomato. AGRONOMY-BASEL 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/agronomy9010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
*Abstract: We investigated the role of heat shock transcription factors (Hsfs) during induction of defense response by heat-shock treatment (HST) in tomato. Leaf disease symptoms were significantly reduced at 12 and 24 h after HST, consistent with upregulation of pathogenesis-related (PR) genes PR1a2 and PR1b1 peaking at 24 h after treatment. These genes were upregulated at the treatment application site, but not in untreated leaves. In contrast to HST, inoculation of the first leaf induced systemic upregulation of acidic PR genes in uninoculated second leaves. Furthermore, heat shock element motifs were found in upstream regions of PR1a2, PR1b1, Chitinase 3, Chitinase 9, Glucanase A, and Glucanase B genes. Upregulation of HsfA2 and HsfB1 peaked at 6 h after HST, 6 h earlier than salicylic acid accumulation. Foliar spray of heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) inhibitor geldanamycin (GDA) induced PR gene expression comparable to that after HST. PR gene expression and defense response against Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst) decreased when combining HST with Hsfs inhibitor KRIBB11. The Hsfs and PR gene expression induced by heat or GDA, together with the suppression of heat shock-induced resistance (HSIR) against Pst by KRIBB11, suggested a direct contribution of Hsfs to HSIR regulation in tomato.
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22
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Triticum aestivum heat shock protein 23.6 interacts with the coat protein of wheat yellow mosaic virus. Virus Genes 2018; 55:209-217. [DOI: 10.1007/s11262-018-1626-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Xiang J, Chen X, Hu W, Xiang Y, Yan M, Wang J. Overexpressing heat-shock protein OsHSP50.2 improves drought tolerance in rice. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2018; 37:1585-1595. [PMID: 30099612 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-018-2331-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
OsHSP50.2, an HSP90 family gene up-regulated by heat and osmotic stress treatments, positively regulates drought stress tolerance probably by modulating ROS homeostasis and osmotic adjustment in rice. Heat-shock proteins (HSPs) serve as molecular chaperones for a variety of client proteins in abiotic stress response and play pivotal roles in protecting plants against stress, but the molecular mechanism remains largely unknown. Here, we report an HSP90 family gene, OsHSP50.2, which acts as a positive regulator in drought stress tolerance in rice (Oryza sativa). OsHSP50.2 was ubiquitously expressed and its transcript level was up-regulated by heat and osmotic stress treatments. Overexpression of OsHSP50.2 in rice reduced water loss and enhanced the transgenic plant tolerance to drought and osmotic stresses. The OsHSP50.2-overexpressing plants exhibited significantly lower levels of electrolyte leakage and malondialdehyde (MDA) and less decrease of chlorophyll than wild-type plants under drought stress. Moreover, the OsHSP50.2-overexpressing plants had significantly higher SOD activity under drought stress compared with the wild type. These results imply that OsHSP50.2 positively regulates drought stress tolerance in rice, probably through the modulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis. Additionally, the OsHSP50.2-overexpressing plants accumulated significantly higher content of proline than the wild type under drought stress, which contributes to the improved protection ability from drought stress damage via osmotic adjustment. Our findings reveal that OsHSP50.2 plays a crucial role in drought stress response, and it may possess high potential usefulness in drought tolerance improvement of rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Xiang
- Institute of Ecological Landscape Restoration, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan Rd., Xiangtan, 411201, Hunan, China.
| | - Xinbo Chen
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Institute of Ecological Landscape Restoration, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan Rd., Xiangtan, 411201, Hunan, China
| | - Yanci Xiang
- Institute of Ecological Landscape Restoration, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan Rd., Xiangtan, 411201, Hunan, China
| | - Mingli Yan
- School of Life Science, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, 411201, China
| | - Jieming Wang
- Institute of Ecological Landscape Restoration, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan Rd., Xiangtan, 411201, Hunan, China
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24
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Ceccherelli G, Oliva S, Pinna S, Piazzi L, Procaccini G, Marin-Guirao L, Dattolo E, Gallia R, La Manna G, Gennaro P, Costa MM, Barrote I, Silva J, Bulleri F. Seagrass collapse due to synergistic stressors is not anticipated by phenological changes. Oecologia 2018; 186:1137-1152. [PMID: 29357032 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-018-4075-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Seagrasses are globally declining and often their loss is due to synergies among stressors. We investigated the interactive effects of eutrophication and burial on the Mediterranean seagrass, Posidonia oceanica. A field experiment was conducted to estimate whether shoot survival depends on the interactive effects of three levels of intensity of both stressors and to identify early changes in plants (i.e., morphological, physiological and biochemical, and expression of stress-related genes) that may serve to detect signals of imminent shoot density collapse. Sediment burial and nutrient enrichment produced interactive effects on P. oceanica shoot survival, as high nutrient levels had the potential to accelerate the regression of the seagrass exposed to high burial (HB). After 11 weeks, HB in combination with either high or medium nutrient enrichment caused a shoot loss of about 60%. Changes in morphology were poor predictors of the seagrass decline. Likewise, few biochemical variables were associated with P. oceanica survival (the phenolics, ORAC and leaf δ34S). In contrast, the expression of target genes had the highest correlation with plant survival: photosynthetic genes (ATPa, psbD and psbA) were up-regulated in response to high burial, while carbon metabolism genes (CA-chl, PGK and GADPH) were down-regulated. Therefore, die-offs due to high sedimentation rate in eutrophic areas can only be anticipated by altered expression of stress-related genes that may warn the imminent seagrass collapse. Management of local stressors, such as nutrient pollution, may enhance seagrass resilience in the face of the intensification of extreme climate events, such as floods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Ceccherelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Natura e del Territorio, Polo Bionaturalistico, University of Sassari, Via Piandanna 4, 07100, Sassari, Italy.
| | - Silvia Oliva
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Natura e del Territorio, Polo Bionaturalistico, University of Sassari, Via Piandanna 4, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Stefania Pinna
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Natura e del Territorio, Polo Bionaturalistico, University of Sassari, Via Piandanna 4, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Luigi Piazzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Natura e del Territorio, Polo Bionaturalistico, University of Sassari, Via Piandanna 4, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Roberto Gallia
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, Naples, Italy
| | - Gabriella La Manna
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Natura e del Territorio, Polo Bionaturalistico, University of Sassari, Via Piandanna 4, 07100, Sassari, Italy.,MareTerra - Environmental Research and Conservation, Regione Sa Londra 9, Alghero, SS, Italy
| | - Paola Gennaro
- Italian National Institute for Environmental Protection and Research (ISPRA), via di Castel Romano 100, Rome, Italy
| | - Monya M Costa
- CCMAR - Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Isabel Barrote
- CCMAR - Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - João Silva
- CCMAR - Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Fabio Bulleri
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Via Derna 1, Pisa, Italy
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25
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Gorovits R, Moshe A, Amrani L, Kleinberger R, Anfoka G, Czosnek H. The six Tomato yellow leaf curl virus genes expressed individually in tomato induce different levels of plant stress response attenuation. Cell Stress Chaperones 2017; 22:345-355. [PMID: 28324352 PMCID: PMC5425365 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-017-0766-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2016] [Revised: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) is a begomovirus infecting tomato plants worldwide. TYLCV needs a healthy host environment to ensure a successful infection cycle for long periods. Hence, TYLCV restrains its destructive effect and induces neither a hypersensitive response nor cell death in infected tomatoes. On the contrary, TYLCV counteracts cell death induced by other factors, such as inactivation of HSP90 functionality. Suppression of plant death is associated with the inhibition of the ubiquitin 26S proteasome degradation and with a deactivation of the heat shock transcription factor HSFA2 pathways (including decreased HSP17 levels). The goal of the current study was to find if the individual TYLCV genes were capable of suppressing HSP90-dependent death and HSFA2 deactivation. The expression of C2 (C3 and CP to a lesser extent) caused a decrease in the severity of death phenotypes, while the expression of V2 (C1 and C4 to a lesser extent) strengthened cell death. However, C2 or V2 markedly affected stress response under conditions of viral infection. The downregulation of HSFA2 signaling, initiated by the expression of C1 and V2, was detected in the absence of virus infection, but was enhanced in infected plants, while CP and C4 mitigated HSFA2 levels only in the infected tomatoes. The dependence of analyzed plant stress response suppression on the interaction of the expressed genes with the environment created by the whole virus infection was more pronounced than on the expression of individual TYLCV genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rena Gorovits
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 76100, Rehovot, Israel.
| | - Adi Moshe
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, Tel-Aviv University, 69978, Ramat Aviv, Israel
| | - Linoy Amrani
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 76100, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Rotem Kleinberger
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 76100, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ghandi Anfoka
- Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Department of Biotechnology, Al-Balqa' Applied University, Al-Salt, 19117, Jordan
| | - Henryk Czosnek
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 76100, Rehovot, Israel
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26
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Gorovits R, Czosnek H. The Involvement of Heat Shock Proteins in the Establishment of Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus Infection. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:355. [PMID: 28360921 PMCID: PMC5352662 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV), a begomovirus, induces protein aggregation in infected tomatoes and in its whitefly vector Bemisia tabaci. The interactions between TYLCV and HSP70 and HSP90 in plants and vectors are necessity for virus infection to proceed. In infected host cells, HSP70 and HSP90 are redistributed from a soluble to an aggregated state. These aggregates contain, together with viral DNA/proteins and virions, HSPs and components of the protein quality control system such as ubiquitin, 26S proteasome subunits, and the autophagy protein ATG8. TYLCV CP can form complexes with HSPs in tomato and whitefly. Nonetheless, HSP70 and HSP90 play different roles in the viral cell cycle in the plant host. In the infected host cell, HSP70, but not HSP90, participates in the translocation of CP from the cytoplasm into the nucleus. Viral amounts decrease when HSP70 is inhibited, but increase when HSP90 is downregulated. In the whitefly vector, HSP70 impairs the circulative transmission of TYLCV; its inhibition increases transmission. Hence, the efficiency of virus acquisition by whiteflies depends on the functionality of both plant chaperones and their cross-talk with other protein mechanisms controlling virus-induced aggregation.
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27
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Srivastava A, Agrawal L, Raj R, Jaidi M, Raj SK, Gupta S, Dixit R, Singh PC, Tripathi T, Sidhu OP, Singh BN, Shukla S, Chauhan PS, Kumar S. Ageratum enation virus Infection Induces Programmed Cell Death and Alters Metabolite Biosynthesis in Papaver somniferum. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1172. [PMID: 28729873 PMCID: PMC5498505 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
A previously unknown disease which causes severe vein thickening and inward leaf curl was observed in a number of opium poppy (Papaver somniferum L.) plants. The sequence analysis of full-length viral genome and associated betasatellite reveals the occurrence of Ageratum enation virus (AEV) and Ageratum leaf curl betasatellite (ALCB), respectively. Co-infiltration of cloned agroinfectious DNAs of AEV and ALCB induces the leaf curl and vein thickening symptoms as were observed naturally. Infectivity assay confirmed this complex as the cause of disease and also satisfied the Koch's postulates. Comprehensive microscopic analysis of infiltrated plants reveals severe structural anomalies in leaf and stem tissues represented by unorganized cell architecture and vascular bundles. Moreover, the characteristic blebs and membranous vesicles formed due to the virus-induced disintegration of the plasma membrane and intracellular organelles were also present. An accelerated nuclear DNA fragmentation was observed by Comet assay and confirmed by TUNEL and Hoechst dye staining assays suggesting virus-induced programmed cell death. Virus-infection altered the biosynthesis of several important metabolites. The biosynthesis potential of morphine, thebaine, codeine, and papaverine alkaloids reduced significantly in infected plants except for noscapine whose biosynthesis was comparatively enhanced. The expression analysis of corresponding alkaloid pathway genes by real time-PCR corroborated well with the results of HPLC analysis for alkaloid perturbations. The changes in the metabolite and alkaloid contents affect the commercial value of the poppy plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Srivastava
- Plant Molecular Virology Laboratory, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research – National Botanical Research InstituteLucknow, India
- Amity Institute of Virology and Immunology, Amity UniversityNoida, India
| | - Lalit Agrawal
- Division of Plant Microbe Interaction, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research – National Botanical Research InstituteLucknow, India
| | - Rashmi Raj
- Plant Molecular Virology Laboratory, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research – National Botanical Research InstituteLucknow, India
| | - Meraj Jaidi
- Plant Molecular Virology Laboratory, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research – National Botanical Research InstituteLucknow, India
| | - Shri K. Raj
- Plant Molecular Virology Laboratory, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research – National Botanical Research InstituteLucknow, India
| | - Swati Gupta
- Division of Plant Microbe Interaction, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research – National Botanical Research InstituteLucknow, India
| | - Ritu Dixit
- Division of Plant Microbe Interaction, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research – National Botanical Research InstituteLucknow, India
| | - Poonam C. Singh
- Division of Plant Microbe Interaction, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research – National Botanical Research InstituteLucknow, India
| | - Tusha Tripathi
- Division of Phytochemistry, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research – National Botanical Research InstituteLucknow, India
| | - Om P. Sidhu
- Division of Phytochemistry, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research – National Botanical Research InstituteLucknow, India
| | - Brahma N. Singh
- Division of Pharmacognosy and Ethnopharmacology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research – National Botanical Research InstituteLucknow, India
| | - Sudhir Shukla
- Plant Breeding Laboratory, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research – National Botanical Research InstituteLucknow, India
| | - Puneet S. Chauhan
- Division of Plant Microbe Interaction, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research – National Botanical Research InstituteLucknow, India
| | - Susheel Kumar
- Plant Molecular Virology Laboratory, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research – National Botanical Research InstituteLucknow, India
- *Correspondence: Susheel Kumar,
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28
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Tomato yellow leaf curl virus infection mitigates the heat stress response of plants grown at high temperatures. Sci Rep 2016; 6:19715. [PMID: 26792235 PMCID: PMC4726131 DOI: 10.1038/srep19715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cultured tomatoes are often exposed to a combination of extreme heat and infection with Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV). This stress combination leads to intense disease symptoms and yield losses. The response of TYLCV-susceptible and resistant tomatoes to heat stress together with viral infection was compared. The plant heat-stress response was undermined in TYLCV infected plants. The decline correlated with the down-regulation of heat shock transcription factors (HSFs) HSFA2 and HSFB1, and consequently, of HSF-regulated genes Hsp17, Apx1, Apx2 and Hsp90. We proposed that the weakened heat stress response was due to the decreased capacity of HSFA2 to translocate into the nuclei of infected cells. All the six TYLCV proteins were able to interact with tomato HSFA2 in vitro, moreover, coat protein developed complexes with HSFA2 in nuclei. Capturing of HSFA2 by viral proteins could suppress the transcriptional activation of heat stress response genes. Application of both heat and TYLCV stresses was accompanied by the development of intracellular large protein aggregates containing TYLCV proteins and DNA. The maintenance of cellular chaperones in the aggregated state, even after recovery from heat stress, prevents the circulation of free soluble chaperones, causing an additional decrease in stress response efficiency.
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