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Pei T, Zhan M, Niu D, Liu Y, Deng J, Jing Y, Li P, Liu C, Ma F. CERK1 compromises Fusarium solani resistance by reducing jasmonate level and undergoes a negative feedback regulation via the MMK2-WRKY71 module in apple. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024; 47:2491-2509. [PMID: 38515330 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Fusarium spp., a necrotrophic soil-borne pathogen, causes root rot disease on many crops. CERK1, as a typical pattern recognition receptor, has been widely studied. However, the function of CERK1 during plant-Fusarium interaction has not been well described. We determined that MdCERK1 is a susceptibility gene in the apple-Fusarium solani (Fs) interaction, and jasmonic acid (JA) plays a crucial role in this process. MdCERK1 directly targets and phosphorylates the lipoxygenase MdLOX2.1, an enzyme initiating the JA biosynthesis, at positions Ser326 and Thr327. These phosphorylations inhibit its translocation from the cytosol to the chloroplasts, leading to a compromised JA biosynthesis. Fs upregulates MdCERK1 expression during infection. In turn, when the JA level is low, the apple MdWRKY71, a transcriptional repressor of MdCERK1, is markedly upregulated and phosphorylated at Thr99 and Thr102 residues by the MAP kinase MdMMK2. The phosphorylation of MdWRKY71 enhances its transcription inhibition on MdCERK1. Taken together, MdCERK1 plays a novel role in limiting JA biosynthesis. There seems to be an arms race between apple and Fs, in which Fs activates MdCERK1 expression to reduce the JA level, while apple senses the low JA level and activates the MdMMK2-MdWRKY71 module to elevate JA level by inhibiting MdCERK1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Pei
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Minghui Zhan
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dongshan Niu
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuerong Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jie Deng
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuanyuan Jing
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Pengmin Li
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Changhai Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fengwang Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
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2
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Kuźniak E, Gajewska E. Lipids and Lipid-Mediated Signaling in Plant-Pathogen Interactions. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7255. [PMID: 39000361 PMCID: PMC11241471 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Plant lipids are essential cell constituents with many structural, storage, signaling, and defensive functions. During plant-pathogen interactions, lipids play parts in both the preexisting passive defense mechanisms and the pathogen-induced immune responses at the local and systemic levels. They interact with various components of the plant immune network and can modulate plant defense both positively and negatively. Under biotic stress, lipid signaling is mostly associated with oxygenated natural products derived from unsaturated fatty acids, known as oxylipins; among these, jasmonic acid has been of great interest as a specific mediator of plant defense against necrotrophic pathogens. Although numerous studies have documented the contribution of oxylipins and other lipid-derived species in plant immunity, their specific roles in plant-pathogen interactions and their involvement in the signaling network require further elucidation. This review presents the most relevant and recent studies on lipids and lipid-derived signaling molecules involved in plant-pathogen interactions, with the aim of providing a deeper insight into the mechanisms underpinning lipid-mediated regulation of the plant immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elżbieta Kuźniak
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Lodz, 90-237 Łódź, Poland
| | - Ewa Gajewska
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Lodz, 90-237 Łódź, Poland
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3
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Hamidi SM, Meshram S, Kumar A, Singh A, Yadav R, Gogoi R. Biochemical and Molecular Basis of Chemically Induced Defense Activation in Maize against Banded Leaf and Sheath Blight Disease. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:3063-3080. [PMID: 38666922 PMCID: PMC11048768 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46040192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Maize is the third most vital global cereal, playing a key role in the world economy and plant genetics research. Despite its leadership in production, maize faces a severe threat from banded leaf and sheath blight, necessitating the urgent development of eco-friendly management strategies. This study aimed to understand the resistance mechanisms against banded leaf and sheath blight (BLSB) in maize hybrid "Vivek QPM-9". Seven fungicides at recommended doses (1000 and 500 ppm) and two plant defense inducers, salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) at concentrations of 50 and 100 ppm, were applied. Fungicides, notably Azoxystrobin and Trifloxystrobin + Tebuconazole, demonstrated superior efficacy against BLSB, while Pencycuron showed limited effectiveness. Field-sprayed Azoxystrobin exhibited the lowest BLSB infection, correlating with heightened antioxidant enzyme activity (SOD, CAT, POX, β-1,3-glucanase, PPO, PAL), similar to the Validamycin-treated plants. The expression of defense-related genes after seed priming with SA and JA was assessed via qRT-PCR. Lower SA concentrations down-regulated SOD, PPO, and APX genes but up-regulated CAT and β-1,3-glucanase genes. JA at lower doses up-regulated CAT and APX genes, while higher doses up-regulated PPO and β-1,3-glucanase genes; SOD gene expression was suppressed at both JA doses. This investigation elucidates the effectiveness of certain fungicides and plant defense inducers in mitigating BLSB in maize hybrids and sheds light on the intricate gene expression mechanisms governing defense responses against this pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shah Mahmood Hamidi
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research—Plant Pathology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India; (S.M.H.); (A.K.)
| | - Shweta Meshram
- Department of Plant Pathology, School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144402, Punjab, India
| | - Aundy Kumar
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research—Plant Pathology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India; (S.M.H.); (A.K.)
| | - Archana Singh
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research—Biochemistry, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India;
| | - Rajbir Yadav
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research—Genetics, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India;
| | - Robin Gogoi
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research—Plant Pathology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India; (S.M.H.); (A.K.)
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4
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Seth T, Asija S, Umar S, Gupta R. The intricate role of lipids in orchestrating plant defense responses. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 338:111904. [PMID: 37925973 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Plants are exposed to a variety of pests and pathogens that reduce crop productivity. Plants respond to such attacks by activating a sophisticated signaling cascade that initiates with the recognition of pests/pathogens and may culminate into a resistance response. Lipids, being the structural components of cellular membranes, function as mediators of these signaling cascades and thus are instrumental in the regulation of plant defense responses. Accumulating evidence indicates that various lipids such as oxylipins, phospholipids, glycolipids, glycerolipids, sterols, and sphingolipids, among others, are involved in mediating cell signaling during plant-pathogen interaction with each lipid exhibiting a specific biological relevance, follows a distinct biosynthetic mechanism, and contributes to specific signaling cascade(s). Omics studies have further confirmed the involvement of lipid biosynthetic enzymes including the family of phospholipases in the production of defense signaling molecules subsequent to pathogen attack. Lipids participate in stress signaling by (1) mediating the signal transduction, (2) acting as precursors for bioactive molecules, (3) regulating ROS formation, and (4) interacting with various phytohormones to orchestrate the defense response in plants. In this review, we present the biosynthetic pathways of different lipids, their specific functions, and their intricate roles upstream and downstream of phytohormones under pathogen attack to get a deeper insight into the molecular mechanism of lipids-mediated regulation of defense responses in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanashvi Seth
- Department of Botany, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Sejal Asija
- Department of Botany, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Shahid Umar
- Department of Botany, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Ravi Gupta
- College of General Education, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, South Korea.
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5
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Dong W, Jiao B, Wang J, Sun L, Li S, Wu Z, Gao J, Zhou S. Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of Lipoxygenase Genes in Rose ( Rosa chinensis). Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1957. [PMID: 37895306 PMCID: PMC10606720 DOI: 10.3390/genes14101957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipoxygenases (LOX) play pivotal roles in plant resistance to stresses. However, no study has been conducted on LOX gene identification at the whole genome scale in rose (Rosa chinensis). In this study, a total of 17 RcLOX members were identified in the rose genome. The members could be classified into three groups: 9-LOX, Type I 13-LOX, and Type II 13-LOX. Similar gene structures and protein domains can be found in RcLOX members. The RcLOX genes were spread among all seven chromosomes, with unbalanced distributions, and several tandem and proximal duplication events were found among RcLOX members. Expressions of the RcLOX genes were tissue-specific, while every RcLOX gene could be detected in at least one tissue. The expression levels of most RcLOX genes could be up-regulated by aphid infestation, suggesting potential roles in aphid resistance. Our study offers a systematic analysis of the RcLOX genes in rose, providing useful information not only for further gene cloning and functional exploration but also for the study of aphid resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqi Dong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;
- Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050051, China
| | - Bo Jiao
- Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050051, China
| | - Jiao Wang
- Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050051, China
| | - Lei Sun
- Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050051, China
| | - Songshuo Li
- Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050051, China
| | - Zhiming Wu
- Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050051, China
| | - Junping Gao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;
| | - Shuo Zhou
- Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050051, China
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6
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Vranić M, Perochon A, Doohan FM. Transcriptional Profiling Reveals the Wheat Defences against Fusarium Head Blight Disease Regulated by a NAC Transcription Factor. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2708. [PMID: 37514322 PMCID: PMC10383764 DOI: 10.3390/plants12142708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
The wheat NAC transcription factor TaNACL-D1 enhances resistance to the economically devastating Fusarium head blight (FHB) disease. The objective of this study was to decipher the alterations in gene expression, pathways and biological processes that led to enhanced resistance as a result of the constitutive expression of TaNACL-D1 in wheat. Transcriptomic analysis was used to determine the genes and processes enhanced in wheat due to TaNACL-D1 overexpression, both in the presence and absence of the causal agent of FHB, Fusarium graminearum (0- and 1-day post-treatment). The overexpression of TaNACL-D1 resulted in more pronounced transcriptional reprogramming as a response to fungal infection, leading to the enhanced expression of genes involved in detoxification, immune responses, secondary metabolism, hormone biosynthesis, and signalling. The regulation and response to JA and ABA were differentially regulated between the OE and the WT. Furthermore, the results suggest that the OE may more efficiently: (i) regulate the oxidative burst; (ii) modulate cell death; and (iii) induce both the phenylpropanoid pathway and lignin synthesis. Thus, this study provides insights into the mode of action and downstream target pathways for this novel NAC transcription factor, further validating its potential as a gene to enhance FHB resistance in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Vranić
- UCD School of Biology and Environmental Science and Earth Institute, College of Science, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Alexandre Perochon
- UCD School of Biology and Environmental Science and Earth Institute, College of Science, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Fiona M Doohan
- UCD School of Biology and Environmental Science and Earth Institute, College of Science, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland
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7
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Cao A, Gesteiro N, Santiago R, Malvar RA, Butrón A. Maize kernel metabolome involved in resistance to fusarium ear rot and fumonisin contamination. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1160092. [PMID: 37538055 PMCID: PMC10394704 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1160092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium verticillioides poses a threat to worldwide maize production due to its ability to infect maize kernel and synthesize fumonisins that can be accumulated above safety levels for humans and animals. Maize breeding has been proposed as key tool to decrease kernel contamination with fumonisins, but metabolic studies complementary to genomic approaches are necessary to disclose the complexity of maize resistance. An untargeted metabolomic study was proposed using inbreds genetically related but with contrasting levels of resistance in order to uncover pathways implicated in resistance to Fusarium ear rot (FER) and fumonisin contamination in the maize kernel and to look for possible biomarkers. Metabolite determinations were performed in kernels collected at 3 and 10 days after inoculation with F. verticillioides (dat). Discriminant metabolites between resistant and susceptible RILs were rather found at 10 than 3 dat, although metabolite differences at later stages of colonization could be driven by subtle variations at earlier stages of infection. Within this context, differences for membrane lipid homeostasis, methionine metabolism, and indolacetic acid conjugation seemed highly relevant to distinguish between resistant and susceptible inbreds, confirming the polygenic nature of resistance to FER and fumonisin contamination in the maize kernels. Nevertheless, some specific metabolites such as the polyamine spermidine and/or the alkaloid isoquinoline seemed to be promising indirect selection traits to improve resistance to FER and reduce fumonisin accumulation. Therefore, in vitro and in vivo experiments will be necessary to validate the inhibitory effects of these compounds on fumonisins biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cao
- Misión Biológica de Galicia (CSIC), Pontevedra, Spain
| | | | - Rogelio Santiago
- Misión Biológica de Galicia (CSIC), Pontevedra, Spain
- Agrobiología Ambiental, Calidad de Suelos y Plantas (UVIGO), Unidad Asociada a la MBG (CSIC), Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Rosa Ana Malvar
- Misión Biológica de Galicia (CSIC), Pontevedra, Spain
- Agrobiología Ambiental, Calidad de Suelos y Plantas (UVIGO), Unidad Asociada a la MBG (CSIC), Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Ana Butrón
- Misión Biológica de Galicia (CSIC), Pontevedra, Spain
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8
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Zhang L, Hou M, Zhang X, Cao Y, Sun S, Zhu Z, Han S, Chen Y, Ku L, Duan C. Integrative transcriptome and proteome analysis reveals maize responses to Fusarium verticillioides infection inside the stalks. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2023; 24:693-710. [PMID: 36938972 PMCID: PMC10257047 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium stalk rot caused by Fusarium verticillioides is one of the most devastating diseases of maize that causes significant yield losses and poses potential security concerns for foods worldwide. The underlying mechanisms of maize plants regulating defence against the disease remain poorly understood. Here, integrative proteomic and transcriptomic analyses were employed to identify pathogenesis-related protein genes by comparing differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in maize stalks after inoculation with F. verticillioides. Functional enrichment analysis showed that DEGs and DEPs were mainly enriched in glutathione metabolism, starch and sucrose metabolism, amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism, linoleic acid metabolism, and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis. Fourteen DEGs and DEGs that were highly elevated after inoculation with F. verticillioides were confirmed with parallel reaction monitoring and reverse transcription-quantitative PCR, demonstrating the accountability and reliability of proteomic and transcriptomic data. We also assessed the potential roles of defence-related genes ZmCTA1, ZmWIP1, and ZmLOX2, identified from the multi-omics analysis, during the process of F. verticillioides infection through virus-induced gene silencing. The elevation of stalk rot symptomatic characteristics in the silenced plants revealed their contribution to resistance. We further functionally characterized the roles of ZmLOX2 expression in the defence response of maize plants conditioning fungal invasion via the salicylic acid-dependent pathway. Collectively, this study provides a comprehensive analysis of transcriptome and proteome of maize stalks following F. verticillioides inoculation, and defence-related genes that could inform selection of new genes as targets in breeding strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Zhang
- Institute of Crop SciencesChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
- Institute of Cereal CropsHenan Academy of Agricultural SciencesZhengzhouChina
- College of AgronomyHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Mengwei Hou
- Institute of Cereal CropsHenan Academy of Agricultural SciencesZhengzhouChina
| | - Xingrui Zhang
- Institute of Crop SciencesChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Yanyong Cao
- Institute of Cereal CropsHenan Academy of Agricultural SciencesZhengzhouChina
- The Shennong LaboratoryZhengzhouChina
| | - Suli Sun
- Institute of Crop SciencesChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Zhendong Zhu
- Institute of Crop SciencesChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Shengbo Han
- Institute of Cereal CropsHenan Academy of Agricultural SciencesZhengzhouChina
- College of AgronomyHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Yanhui Chen
- College of AgronomyHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Lixia Ku
- College of AgronomyHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
- The Shennong LaboratoryZhengzhouChina
| | - Canxing Duan
- Institute of Crop SciencesChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
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9
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Wang B, Hou M, Shi J, Ku L, Song W, Li C, Ning Q, Li X, Li C, Zhao B, Zhang R, Xu H, Bai Z, Xia Z, Wang H, Kong D, Wei H, Jing Y, Dai Z, Wang HH, Zhu X, Li C, Sun X, Wang S, Yao W, Hou G, Qi Z, Dai H, Li X, Zheng H, Zhang Z, Li Y, Wang T, Jiang T, Wan Z, Chen Y, Zhao J, Lai J, Wang H. De novo genome assembly and analyses of 12 founder inbred lines provide insights into maize heterosis. Nat Genet 2023; 55:312-323. [PMID: 36646891 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-022-01283-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid maize displays superior heterosis and contributes over 30% of total worldwide cereal production. However, the molecular mechanisms of heterosis remain obscure. Here we show that structural variants (SVs) between the parental lines have a predominant role underpinning maize heterosis. De novo assembly and analyses of 12 maize founder inbred lines (FILs) reveal abundant genetic variations among these FILs and, through expression quantitative trait loci and association analyses, we identify several SVs contributing to genomic and phenotypic differentiations of various heterotic groups. Using a set of 91 diallel-cross F1 hybrids, we found strong positive correlations between better-parent heterosis of the F1 hybrids and the numbers of SVs between the parental lines, providing concrete genomic support for a prevalent role of genetic complementation underlying heterosis. Further, we document evidence that SVs in both ZAR1 and ZmACO2 contribute to yield heterosis in an overdominance fashion. Our results should promote genomics-based breeding of hybrid maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baobao Wang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mei Hou
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Herbage and Endemic Crop Biology, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Junpeng Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry & National Maize Improvement Center, Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Lixia Ku
- College of Agronomy and National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wei Song
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding, Maize Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture & Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chunhui Li
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Ning
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Li
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Changyu Li
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Binbin Zhao
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ruyang Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding, Maize Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture & Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Xu
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhijing Bai
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhanchao Xia
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hai Wang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dexin Kong
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongbin Wei
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yifeng Jing
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhouyan Dai
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hu Hailing Wang
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinyu Zhu
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunhui Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding, Maize Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture & Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xuan Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding, Maize Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture & Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuaishuai Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding, Maize Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture & Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Yao
- College of Agronomy and National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Gege Hou
- College of Agronomy and National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhi Qi
- Key Laboratory of Herbage and Endemic Crop Biology, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - He Dai
- Biomarker Technologies Corporation, Beijing, China
| | - Xuming Li
- Biomarker Technologies Corporation, Beijing, China
| | | | - Zuxin Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Li
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tianyu Wang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Taijiao Jiang
- Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Suzhou, China.,Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhaoman Wan
- Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Suzhou, China
| | - Yanhui Chen
- College of Agronomy and National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Jiuran Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding, Maize Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture & Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Jinsheng Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry & National Maize Improvement Center, Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
| | - Haiyang Wang
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
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10
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Guche MD, Pilati S, Trenti F, Dalla Costa L, Giorni P, Guella G, Marocco A, Lanubile A. Functional Study of Lipoxygenase-Mediated Resistance against Fusarium verticillioides and Aspergillus flavus Infection in Maize. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810894. [PMID: 36142806 PMCID: PMC9503958 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycotoxin contamination of maize kernels by fungal pathogens like Fusarium verticillioides and Aspergillus flavus is a chronic global challenge impacting food and feed security, health, and trade. Maize lipoxygenase genes (ZmLOXs) synthetize oxylipins that play defense roles and govern host-fungal interactions. The current study investigated the involvement of ZmLOXs in maize resistance against these two fungi. A considerable intraspecific genetic and transcript variability of the ZmLOX family was highlighted by in silico analysis comparing publicly available maize pan-genomes and pan-transcriptomes, respectively. Then, phenotyping and expression analysis of ZmLOX genes along with key genes involved in oxylipin biosynthesis were carried out in a maize mutant carrying a Mu transposon insertion in the ZmLOX4 gene (named UFMulox4) together with Tzi18, Mo17, and W22 inbred lines at 3- and 7-days post-inoculation with F. verticillioides and A. flavus. Tzi18 showed the highest resistance to the pathogens coupled with the lowest mycotoxin accumulation, while UFMulox4 was highly susceptible to both pathogens with the most elevated mycotoxin content. F. verticillioides inoculation determined a stronger induction of ZmLOXs and maize allene oxide synthase genes as compared to A. flavus. Additionally, oxylipin analysis revealed prevalent linoleic (18:2) peroxidation by 9-LOXs, the accumulation of 10-oxo-11-phytoenoic acid (10-OPEA), and triglyceride peroxidation only in F. verticillioides inoculated kernels of resistant genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikias Damtew Guche
- Department of Sustainable Crop Production, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
- C3A—Centro Agricoltura Alimenti Ambiente, Via Edmund Mach 1, 38098 San Michele all’Adige, Italy
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach 1, 38098 San Michele all’Adige, Italy
| | - Stefania Pilati
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach 1, 38098 San Michele all’Adige, Italy
| | - Francesco Trenti
- Department of Physics, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 14, 38123 Povo, Italy
| | - Lorenza Dalla Costa
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach 1, 38098 San Michele all’Adige, Italy
| | - Paola Giorni
- Department of Sustainable Crop Production, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
| | - Graziano Guella
- Department of Physics, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 14, 38123 Povo, Italy
| | - Adriano Marocco
- Department of Sustainable Crop Production, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
| | - Alessandra Lanubile
- Department of Sustainable Crop Production, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0523-599206
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11
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Beccaccioli M, Pucci N, Salustri M, Scortichini M, Zaccaria M, Momeni B, Loreti S, Reverberi M, Scala V. Fungal and bacterial oxylipins are signals for intra- and inter-cellular communication within plant disease. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:823233. [PMID: 36186042 PMCID: PMC9524268 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.823233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Lipids are central at various stages of host-pathogen interactions in determining virulence and modulating plant defense. Free fatty acids may act as substrates for oxidizing enzymes [e.g., lipoxygenases (LOXs) and dioxygenases (DOXs)] that synthesize oxylipins. Fatty acids and oxylipins function as modulators of several pathways in cell-to-cell communication; their structural similarity among plant, fungal, and bacterial taxa suggests potential in cross-kingdom communication. We provide a prospect of the known role of fatty acids and oxylipins in fungi and bacteria during plant-pathogen interactions. In the pathogens, oxylipin-mediated signaling pathways are crucial both in development and host infection. Here, we report on case studies suggesting that oxylipins derived from oleic, linoleic, and linolenic acids are crucial in modulating the pathogenic lifestyle in the host plant. Intriguingly, overlapping (fungi-plant/bacteria-plant) results suggest that different inter-kingdom pathosystems use similar lipid signals to reshape the lifestyle of the contenders and occasionally determine the outcome of the challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzia Beccaccioli
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Pucci
- Research Centre for Plant Protection and Certification, Council for Agricultural Research and the Analysis of Agricultural Economics (CREA), Rome, Italy
| | - Manuel Salustri
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Scortichini
- Research Centre for Olive, Fruit and Citrus Crops, Council for Agricultural Research and the Analysis of Agricultural Economics (CREA), Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Zaccaria
- Department of Biology, Boston College, Newton, MA, United States
| | - Babak Momeni
- Department of Biology, Boston College, Newton, MA, United States
| | - Stefania Loreti
- Research Centre for Plant Protection and Certification, Council for Agricultural Research and the Analysis of Agricultural Economics (CREA), Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Reverberi
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Scala
- Research Centre for Plant Protection and Certification, Council for Agricultural Research and the Analysis of Agricultural Economics (CREA), Rome, Italy
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12
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Role of Tocochromanols in Tolerance of Cereals to Biotic Stresses: Specific Focus on Pathogenic and Toxigenic Fungal Species. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169303. [PMID: 36012567 PMCID: PMC9408828 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungal pathogens capable of producing mycotoxins are one of the main threats to the cultivation of cereals and the safety of the harvested kernels. Improving the resistance of crops to fungal disease and accumulation of mycotoxins is therefore a crucial issue. Achieving this goal requires a deep understanding of plant defense mechanisms, most of them involving specialized metabolites. However, while numerous studies have addressed the contribution of phenylpropanoids and carotenoids to plant chemical defense, very few have dealt with tocochromanols. Tocochromanols, which encompass tocopherols and tocotrienols and constitute the vitamin E family, are widely distributed in cereal kernels; their biosynthetic pathway has been extensively studied with the aim to enrich plant oils and combat vitamin E deficiency in humans. Here we provide strong assumptions arguing in favor of an involvement of tocochromanols in plant–fungal pathogen interactions. These assumptions are based on both direct effects resulting from their capacity to scavenge reactive oxygen species, including lipid peroxyl radicals, on their potential to inhibit fungal growth and mycotoxin yield, and on more indirect effects mainly based on their role in plant protection against abiotic stresses.
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13
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Zhu L, Huang J, Lu X, Zhou C. Development of plant systemic resistance by beneficial rhizobacteria: Recognition, initiation, elicitation and regulation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:952397. [PMID: 36017257 PMCID: PMC9396261 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.952397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A plant growing in nature is not an individual, but it holds an intricate community of plants and microbes with relatively stable partnerships. The microbial community has recently been demonstrated to be closely linked with plants since their earliest evolution, to help early land plants adapt to environmental threats. Mounting evidence has indicated that plants can release diverse kinds of signal molecules to attract beneficial bacteria for mediating the activities of their genetics and biochemistry. Several rhizobacterial strains can promote plant growth and enhance the ability of plants to withstand pathogenic attacks causing various diseases and loss in crop productivity. Beneficial rhizobacteria are generally called as plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) that induce systemic resistance (ISR) against pathogen infection. These ISR-eliciting microbes can mediate the morphological, physiological and molecular responses of plants. In the last decade, the mechanisms of microbial signals, plant receptors, and hormone signaling pathways involved in the process of PGPR-induced ISR in plants have been well investigated. In this review, plant recognition, microbial elicitors, and the related pathways during plant-microbe interactions are discussed, with highlights on the roles of root hair-specific syntaxins and small RNAs in the regulation of the PGPR-induced ISR in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhu
- Key Lab of Bio-Organic Fertilizer Creation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Anhui Science and Technology University, Bengbu, China
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiameng Huang
- Key Lab of Bio-Organic Fertilizer Creation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Anhui Science and Technology University, Bengbu, China
| | - Xiaoming Lu
- Key Lab of Bio-Organic Fertilizer Creation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Anhui Science and Technology University, Bengbu, China
| | - Cheng Zhou
- Key Lab of Bio-Organic Fertilizer Creation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Anhui Science and Technology University, Bengbu, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-Saving Fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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14
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Zhu H, Yu Q, Ouyang H, Zhang R, Li J, Xian R, Wang K, Li X, Cao C. Antagonistic Effect of Selenium on Fumonisin B1 Promotes Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Formation in Chicken Neutrophils. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:5911-5920. [PMID: 35535747 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c01329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophils are an important component of the innate immune system, and one of their defense mechanisms, neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), is a hot topic of the current research. This study explored the effects of fumonisin B1 (FB1) on chicken neutrophil production of NETs and its possible molecular mechanism of action. Scanning electron microscopy and fluorescence microscopy were used to observe morphological changes in neutrophils, and a fluorescence microplate reader was used to detect reactive oxygen species (ROS) and extracellular DNA release from neutrophils. Quantitative PCR (qPCR) and western blot were used to determine the expression levels of selenoproteins. The results indicate that FB1 inhibited the zymosan-induced formation of NETs in chicken neutrophils by preventing ROS burst and histone H3 (H3) and neutrophil elastase (NE) release. Moreover, the mRNA expression levels of glutathione peroxidase (GPX), thioredoxin reductase (TXNRD), and deiodinase (DIO) were downregulated in the FB1 group. The protein expression levels of GPX1, GPX2, GPX3, DIO3, and TXNRD1 were consistent with the changes in their gene expressions, suggesting an abnormal selenoprotein expression in response to the toxic effects of FB1. Conversely, selenium (Se) supplementation reduced the toxic effects of FB1 and restored the NETs formation, indicating that Se can be used as a potential drug to prevent and control FB1 toxicity in livestock farming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huquan Zhu
- School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, Guangdong, China
| | - Qinfang Yu
- School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, Guangdong, China
| | - Huimin Ouyang
- School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, Guangdong, China
| | - Ruofan Zhang
- School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinhong Li
- School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, Guangdong, China
| | - Runxi Xian
- School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, Guangdong, China
| | - Kai Wang
- School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, Guangdong, China
| | - Xinran Li
- School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, Guangdong, China
- Foshan University Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Foshan 528225, Guangdong, China
| | - Changyu Cao
- School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, Guangdong, China
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15
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Righetti L, Gottwald S, Tortorella S, Spengler B, Bhandari DR. Mass Spectrometry Imaging Disclosed Spatial Distribution of Defense-Related Metabolites in Triticum spp. Metabolites 2022; 12:48. [PMID: 35050170 PMCID: PMC8780301 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12010048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Fusarium Head Blight is the most common fungal disease that strongly affects Triticum spp., reducing crop yield and leading to the accumulation of toxic metabolites. Several studies have investigated the plant metabolic response to counteract mycotoxins accumulation. However, information on the precise location where the defense mechanism is taking place is scarce. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the specific tissue distribution of defense metabolites in two Triticum species and use this information to postulate on the metabolites' functional role, unlocking the "location-to-function" paradigm. To address this challenge, transversal cross-sections were obtained from the middle of the grains. They were analyzed using an atmospheric-pressure (AP) SMALDI MSI source (AP-SMALDI5 AF, TransMIT GmbH, Giessen, Germany) coupled to a Q Exactive HF (Thermo Fisher Scientific GmbH, Bremen, Germany) orbital trapping mass spectrometer. Our result revealed the capability of (AP)-SMALDI MSI instrumentation to finely investigate the spatial distribution of wheat defense metabolites, such as hydroxycinnamic acid amides, oxylipins, linoleic and α-linoleic acids, galactolipids, and glycerolipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Righetti
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (S.G.); (B.S.)
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Viale delle Scienze 17/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Sven Gottwald
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (S.G.); (B.S.)
| | - Sara Tortorella
- Molecular Horizon srl, Via Montelino 30, Bettona, 06084 Perugia, Italy;
| | - Bernhard Spengler
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (S.G.); (B.S.)
| | - Dhaka Ram Bhandari
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (S.G.); (B.S.)
- Gandaki Prvince Academy of Science and Technology, Pokhara 33700, Nepal
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16
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Gasperini AM, Medina A, Magan N. Comparison of growth and aflatoxin B 1 production profiles of Aspergillus flavus strains on conventional and isogenic GM-maize-based nutritional matrices. Fungal Biol 2021; 126:82-90. [PMID: 34930561 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2021.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Maize grown in both North and South America are now predominantly genetically modified (GM) cultivars with some resistance to herbicide, pesticide, or both. There is little information on the relative colonisation and aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) production with maize meal-based nutritional matrices based on kernels of non-GM maize and isogenic GM-ones by strains of Aspergillus flavus. The objectives were to examine the effect of interacting conditions of temperature (25-35 °C) and water availability (0.99-0.90 water activity, aw) on (a) mycelial growth, (b) AFB1 production and (c) develop contour maps of optimum and marginal conditions of these parameters for four strains of A. flavus on three different non-GM and isogenic GM-maize based nutritional media. The growth of the four strains of A. flavus (three aflatoxigenic; one non-aflatoxigenic) was relatively similar in relation to the temperature × aw conditions examined on both non-GM and GM-based matrices. Optimum growth overall was at 30-35 °C and 0.99 aw for all four strains. Under water stress (0.90 aw) growth was optimum at 35 °C. Statistically: non-GM, GM cultivars, temperature and aw all significantly affected growth rates. For AFB1 production, all single and interacting factors were statistically significant except for non-GM × GM cultivar. In conclusion, colonisation of GM- and non-GM nutritional sources was similar for the different A. flavus strains examined. The contour maps will be very useful for understanding the ecological niches for both toxigenic and non-toxigenic strains in the context of the competitive exclusion of those producing aflatoxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra M Gasperini
- Applied Mycology Group, Environment and AgriFood Theme, Cranfield University, Cranfield, Beds, MK43 AL5, UK
| | - Angel Medina
- Applied Mycology Group, Environment and AgriFood Theme, Cranfield University, Cranfield, Beds, MK43 AL5, UK
| | - Naresh Magan
- Applied Mycology Group, Environment and AgriFood Theme, Cranfield University, Cranfield, Beds, MK43 AL5, UK.
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17
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Righetti L, Dall’Asta C, Lucini L, Battilani P. Lipid Signaling Modulates the Response to Fumonisin Contamination and Its Source, Fusarium verticillioides, in Maize. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:701680. [PMID: 34819936 PMCID: PMC8606633 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.701680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Fumonisin-contaminated maize (Zea mays L.) products are a major health concern because of their toxic effects in humans and animals. Breeding maize for increased mycotoxin resistance is one of the key sustainable strategies for mitigating the effects of fumonisin contamination. Recent studies suggest a link between fumonisin accumulation and plant lipid and oxylipin profiles. However, the data collected so far do not reveal a cause-and-effect relationship. In this study, to decipher the multifactorial nature of mycotoxin resistance and plant-pathogen interaction mechanisms, we examined the oxylipin and complex lipid profiles of two maize hybrids (H21 and H22, the latter showing significantly lower FBs content) grown in the open field in two locations over 3years. Untargeted ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole-time-of-flight (UHPLC-Q-TOF), together with chemometrics analysis, successfully distinguished between the two hybrids as having low- and high-level fumonisin contamination. Considering that H21 and H22 were exposed to the same environmental factors, the higher activation of lipid signaling systems in H22 suggests that other routes are enabled in the less susceptible hybrids to limit fumonisin B (FB) accumulation. Our results highlighted the crucial role played by oxylipin and sphingolipid signaling in modulating the complex maize response to F. verticillioides infection. Overall, our results returned a global view on the changes in lipid metabolites related to fumonisin accumulation under open field conditions, and revealed a strong activation of the lipid signaling cascade in maize in the presence of FB1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Righetti
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | | | - Luigi Lucini
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Paola Battilani
- Department of Sustainable Crop Production, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
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18
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Park YS, Borrego EJ, Gao X, Christensen SA, Schmelz E, Lanubile A, Drab DA, Cody W, Yan H, Shim WB, Kolomiets MV. Fusarium verticillioides Induces Maize-Derived Ethylene to Promote Virulence by Engaging Fungal G-Protein Signaling. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2021; 34:1157-1166. [PMID: 34165327 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-09-20-0250-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Seed maceration and contamination with mycotoxin fumonisin inflicted by Fusarium verticillioides is a major disease concern for maize producers worldwide. Meta-analyses of quantitative trait loci for Fusarium ear rot resistance uncovered several ethylene (ET) biosynthesis and signaling genes within them, implicating ET in maize interactions with F. verticillioides. We tested this hypothesis using maize knockout mutants of the 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) synthases ZmACS2 and ZmACS6. Infected wild-type seed emitted five-fold higher ET levels compared with controls, whereas ET was abolished in the acs2 and acs6 single and double mutants. The mutants supported reduced fungal biomass, conidia, and fumonisin content. Normal susceptibility was restored in the acs6 mutant with exogenous treatment of ET precursor ACC. Subsequently, we showed that fungal G-protein signaling is required for virulence via induction of maize-produced ET. F. verticillioides Gβ subunit and two regulators of G-protein signaling mutants displayed reduced seed colonization and decreased ET levels. These defects were rescued by exogenous application of ACC. We concluded that pathogen-induced ET facilitates F. verticillioides colonization of seed, and, in turn, host ET production is manipulated via G-protein signaling of F. verticillioides to facilitate pathogenesis.[Formula: see text] Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Soon Park
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2132, U.S.A
| | - Eli J Borrego
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2132, U.S.A
| | - Xiquan Gao
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2132, U.S.A
| | - Shawn A Christensen
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2132, U.S.A
- Chemistry Unit, Center of Medical, Agricultural, and Veterinary Entomology, United States Department of Agriculture, Gainesville, FL 32608, U.S.A
| | - Eric Schmelz
- Chemistry Unit, Center of Medical, Agricultural, and Veterinary Entomology, United States Department of Agriculture, Gainesville, FL 32608, U.S.A
| | - Alessandra Lanubile
- Department of Sustainable Crop Production, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Dillon A Drab
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2132, U.S.A
| | - Will Cody
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2132, U.S.A
| | - Huijuan Yan
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2132, U.S.A
| | - Won-Bo Shim
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2132, U.S.A
| | - Michael V Kolomiets
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2132, U.S.A
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19
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Fusarium verticillioides and Aspergillus flavus Co-Occurrence Influences Plant and Fungal Transcriptional Profiles in Maize Kernels and In Vitro. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13100680. [PMID: 34678972 PMCID: PMC8537323 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13100680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Climate change will increase the co-occurrence of Fusarium verticillioides and Aspergillus flavus, along with their mycotoxins, in European maize. In this study, the expression profiles of two pathogenesis-related (PR) genes and four mycotoxin biosynthetic genes, FUM1 and FUM13, fumonisin pathway, and aflR and aflD, aflatoxin pathway, as well as mycotoxin production, were examined in kernels and in artificial medium after a single inoculation with F. verticillioides or A. flavus or with the two fungi in combination. Different temperature regimes (20, 25 and 30 °C) over a time-course of 21 days were also considered. In maize kernels, PR genes showed the strongest induction at 25 °C in the earlier days post inoculation (dpi)with both fungi inoculated singularly. A similar behaviour was maintained with fungi co-occurrence, but with enhanced defence response at 9 dpi under 20 °C. Regarding FUM genes, in the kernels inoculated with F. verticillioides the maximal transcript levels occurred at 6 dpi at 25 °C. At this temperature regime, expression values decreased with the co-occurrence of A. flavus, where the highest gene induction was detected at 20 °C. Similar results were observed in fungi grown in vitro, whilst A. flavus presence determined lower levels of expression along the entire time-course. As concerns afl genes, considering both A. flavus alone and in combination, the most elevated transcript accumulation occurred at 30 °C during all time-course both in infected kernels and in fungi grown in vitro. Regarding mycotoxin production, no significant differences were found among temperatures for kernel contamination, whereas in vitro the highest production was registered at 25 °C for aflatoxin B1 and at 20 °C for fumonisins in the case of single inoculation. In fungal co-occurrence, both mycotoxins resulted reduced at all the temperatures considered compared to the amount produced with single inoculation.
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20
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Oliw EH. Fatty acid dioxygenase-cytochrome P450 fusion enzymes of filamentous fungal pathogens. Fungal Genet Biol 2021; 157:103623. [PMID: 34520871 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2021.103623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Oxylipins designate oxygenated unsaturated C18 fatty acids. Many filamentous fungi pathogens contain dioxygenases (DOX) in oxylipin biosynthesis with homology to human cyclooxygenases. They contain a DOX domain, which is often fused to a functional cytochrome P450 at the C-terminal end. A Tyr radical in the DOX domain initiates dioxygenation of linoleic acid by hydrogen abstraction with formation of 8-, 9-, or 10-hydroperoxy metabolites. The P450 domains can catalyze heterolytic cleavage of 8- and 10-hydroperoxides with oxidation of the heme thiolate iron for hydroxylation at C-5, C-7, C-9, or C-11 and for epoxidation of the 12Z double bond; thus displaying linoleate diol synthase (LDS) and epoxy alcohol synthase (EAS) activities. LSD activities are present in the rice blast pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae, Botrytis cinerea causing grey mold and the black scurf pathogen Rhizoctonia solani. 10R-DOX-EAS has been found in M. oryzae and Fusarium oxysporum. The P450 domains may also catalyze homolytic cleavage of 8- and 9-hydroperoxy fatty acids and dehydration to produce epoxides with an adjacent double bond, i.e., allene oxides, thus displaying 8- and 9-DOX-allene oxide synthases (AOS). F. oxysporum, F. graminearum, and R. solani express 9S-DOX-AOS and Zymoseptoria tritici 8S-and 9R-DOX-AOS. Homologues are present in endemic human-pathogenic fungi with extensive studies in Aspergillus fumigatus, A. flavus (also a plant pathogen) as well as the genetic model A. nidulans. 8R-and 10R-DOX appear to bind fatty acids "headfirst" in the active site, whereas 9S-DOX binds them "tail first" in analogy with cyclooxygenases. The biological relevance of 8R-DOX-5,8-LDS (also designated PpoA) was first discovered in relation to sporulation of A. nidulans and recently for development and programmed hyphal branching of A. fumigatus. Gene deletion DOX-AOS homologues in F. verticillioides, A. flavus, and A. nidulans alters, inter alia, mycotoxin production, sporulation, and gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernst H Oliw
- Division of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Box 591, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden.
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21
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Wang Q, Sun Y, Wang F, Huang PC, Wang Y, Ruan X, Ma L, Li X, Kolomiets MV, Gao X. Transcriptome and Oxylipin Profiling Joint Analysis Reveals Opposite Roles of 9-Oxylipins and Jasmonic Acid in Maize Resistance to Gibberella Stalk Rot. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:699146. [PMID: 34557211 PMCID: PMC8454893 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.699146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Gibberella stalk rot caused by Fusarium graminearum is one of the devastating diseases of maize that causes significant yield losses worldwide. The molecular mechanisms regulating defense against this pathogen remain poorly understood. According to recent studies, a major oxylipin hormone produced by 13-lipoxygenases (LOX) namely jasmonic acid (JA) has been associated with maize susceptibility to GSR. However, the specific roles of numerous 9-LOX-derived oxylipins in defense against Gibberella stalk rot (GSR) remain unexplained. In this study, we have shown that disruption of a 9-LOX gene, ZmLOX5, resulted in increased susceptibility to GSR, indicating its role in defense. To understand how ZmLOX5 regulates GSR resistance, we conducted transcriptome and oxylipin profiling using a zmlox5-3 mutant and near-isogenic wild type B73, upon infection with F. graminearum. The results showed that JA biosynthetic pathway genes were highly up-regulated, whereas multiple 9-LOX pathway genes were down-regulated in the infected zmlox5-3 mutant. Furthermore, oxylipin profiling of the mutant revealed significantly higher contents of several jasmonates but relatively lower levels of 9-oxylipins in zmlox5-3 upon infection. In contrast, B73 and W438, a more resistant inbred line, displayed relatively lower levels of JAs, but a considerable increase of 9-oxylipins. These results suggest antagonistic interaction between 9-oxylipins and JAs, wherein 9-oxylipins contribute to resistance while JAs facilitate susceptibility to F. graminearum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yali Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Pei-Cheng Huang
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Yinying Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinsen Ruan
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liang Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Michael V. Kolomiets
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Xiquan Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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22
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Tran TM, Ameye M, Landschoot S, Devlieghere F, De Saeger S, Eeckhout M, Audenaert K. Molecular Insights into Defense Responses of Vietnamese Maize Varieties to Fusarium verticillioides Isolates. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7090724. [PMID: 34575762 PMCID: PMC8469167 DOI: 10.3390/jof7090724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Fusarium ear rot (FER) caused by Fusarium verticillioides is one of the main fungal diseases in maize worldwide. To develop a pathogen-tailored FER resistant maize line for local implementation, insights into the virulence variability of a residing F. verticillioides population are crucial for developing customized maize varieties, but remain unexplored. Moreover, little information is currently available on the involvement of the archetypal defense pathways in the F. verticillioides-maize interaction using local isolates and germplasm, respectively. Therefore, this study aims to fill these knowledge gaps. We used a collection of 12 F. verticillioides isolates randomly gathered from diseased maize fields in the Vietnamese central highlands. To assess the plant's defense responses against the pathogens, two of the most important maize hybrid genotypes grown in this agro-ecological zone, lines CP888 and Bt/GT NK7328, were used. Based on two assays, a germination and an in-planta assay, we found that line CP888 was more susceptible to the F. verticillioides isolates when compared to line Bt/GT NK7328. Using the most aggressive isolate, we monitored disease severity and gene expression profiles related to biosynthesis pathways of salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA), abscisic acid (ABA), benzoxazinoids (BXs), and pathogenesis-related proteins (PRs). As a result, a stronger induction of SA, JA, ABA, BXs, and PRs synthesizing genes might be linked to the higher resistance of line Bt/GT NK7328 compared to the susceptible line CP888. All these findings could supply valuable knowledge in the selection of suitable FER resistant lines against the local F. verticllioides population and in the development of new FER resistant germplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trang Minh Tran
- Laboratory of Applied Mycology and Phenomics, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (M.A.); (S.L.)
- Laboratory of Applied Mycology, Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
- Correspondence: (T.M.T.); (K.A.)
| | - Maarten Ameye
- Laboratory of Applied Mycology and Phenomics, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (M.A.); (S.L.)
| | - Sofie Landschoot
- Laboratory of Applied Mycology and Phenomics, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (M.A.); (S.L.)
| | - Frank Devlieghere
- Research Unit Food Microbiology and Food Preservation, Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
| | - Sarah De Saeger
- Center of Excellence in Mycotoxicology and Public Health, Department of Bioanalysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
| | - Mia Eeckhout
- Laboratory of Applied Mycology, Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
- Research Unit of Cereal and Feed Technology, Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kris Audenaert
- Laboratory of Applied Mycology and Phenomics, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (M.A.); (S.L.)
- Correspondence: (T.M.T.); (K.A.)
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23
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Izquierdo Y, Muñiz L, Vicente J, Kulasekaran S, Aguilera V, López Sánchez A, Martínez-Ayala A, López B, Cascón T, Castresana C. Oxylipins From Different Pathways Trigger Mitochondrial Stress Signaling Through Respiratory Complex III. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:705373. [PMID: 34394161 PMCID: PMC8358658 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.705373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Plant oxylipins are signaling molecules produced from fatty acids by oxidative pathways, mainly initiated by 9- and 13-lipoxygenases (9-LOX and 13-LOX), alpha-dioxygenases or non-enzymatic oxidation. Oxylipins from the 9-LOX pathway induce oxidative stress and control root development and plant defense. These activities have been associated with mitochondrial processes, but precise cellular targets and pathways remain unknown. In order to study oxylipin signaling, we previously generated a collection of Arabidopsis thaliana mutants that were insensitive to the 9-LOX products 9(S)-hydroxy-10,12, 15-octadecatrienoic acid (9-HOT) and its ketone derivative 9-KOT (noxy mutants). Here, we describe noxy1, noxy3, noxy5, noxy23, and noxy54 mutants, all affected in nucleus-encoded mitochondrial proteins, and use them to study the role of mitochondria in oxylipin signaling. Functional and phenotypic analyses showed that noxy plants displayed mitochondrial aggregation, reduced respiration rates and resistance to the complex III inhibitor Antimycin A (AA), thus indicating a close similarity of the oxylipin signaling and mitochondrial stress. Application of 9-HOT and 9-KOT protected plants against subsequent mitochondrial stress, whereas they boosted root growth reduction when applied in combination with complex III inhibitors but did not with inhibitors of other respiratory complexes. A similar effect was caused by linear-chain oxylipins from 13-LOX or non-enzymatic pathways having α,β-unsaturated hydroxyl or keto groups in their structure. Studies to investigate 9-HOT and 9-KOT activity indicated that they do not reduce respiration rates, but their action is primarily associated with enhanced ROS responses. This was supported by the results showing that 9-HOT or 9-KOT combined with AA amplified the expression of oxylipin- and ROS-responding genes but not of the AA marker AOX1a, thus implying the activation of a specific mitochondria retrograde signaling pathway. Our results implicate mitochondrial complex III as a hub in the signaling activity of multiple oxylipin pathways and point at downstream ROS responses as components of oxylipin function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yovanny Izquierdo
- Department of Plant Molecular Genetics, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Muñiz
- Department of Plant Molecular Genetics, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Vicente
- Department of Plant Molecular Genetics, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Satish Kulasekaran
- Department of Plant Molecular Genetics, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Verónica Aguilera
- Department of Plant Molecular Genetics, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana López Sánchez
- Department of Plant Molecular Genetics, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ada Martínez-Ayala
- Department of Plant Molecular Genetics, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Bran López
- Department of Plant Molecular Genetics, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Tomás Cascón
- Department of Plant Molecular Genetics, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Castresana
- Department of Plant Molecular Genetics, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
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24
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Oliw EH. WITHDRAWN: Fatty acid dioxygenase-cytochrome P450 fusion enzymes of the top 10 fungal pathogens in molecular plant pathology and human-pathogenic fungi. Fungal Genet Biol 2021:103603. [PMID: 34214670 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2021.103603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This article has been withdrawn at the request of the author(s) and/or editor. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. The full Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at https://www.elsevier.com/about/our-business/policies/article-withdrawal
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernst H Oliw
- Division of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Box 591, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden.
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25
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Cavaco AR, Matos AR, Figueiredo A. Speaking the language of lipids: the cross-talk between plants and pathogens in defence and disease. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:4399-4415. [PMID: 33638652 PMCID: PMC11073031 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03791-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Lipids and fatty acids play crucial roles in plant immunity, which have been highlighted over the past few decades. An increasing number of studies have shown that these molecules are pivotal in the interactions between plants and their diverse pathogens. The roles played by plant lipids fit in a wide spectrum ranging from the first physical barrier encountered by the pathogens, the cuticle, to the signalling pathways that trigger different immune responses and expression of defence-related genes, mediated by several lipid molecules. Moreover, lipids have been arising as candidate biomarkers of resistance or susceptibility to different pathogens. Studies on the apoplast and extracellular vesicles have been highlighting the possible role of lipids in the intercellular communication and the establishment of systemic acquired resistance during plant-pathogen interactions. From the pathogen perspective, lipid metabolism and specific lipid molecules play pivotal roles in the pathogen's life cycle completion, being crucial during recognition by the plant and evasion from the host immune system, therefore potentiating infection. Studies conducted in the last years have contributed to a better understanding of the language of lipids during the cross-talk between plants and pathogens. However, it is essential to continue exploring the knowledge brought up to light by transcriptomics and proteomics studies towards the elucidation of lipid signalling processes during defence and disease. In this review, we present an updated overview on lipids associated to plant-pathogen interactions, exploiting their roles from the two sides of this battle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Rita Cavaco
- Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Faculty of Science, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Rita Matos
- Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Faculty of Science, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Andreia Figueiredo
- Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Faculty of Science, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.
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26
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Loss of ZmLIPOXYGENASE4 Decreases Fusarium verticillioides Resistance in Maize Seedlings. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12030335. [PMID: 33668883 PMCID: PMC7996282 DOI: 10.3390/genes12030335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Fusarium verticillioides is one of the most relevant fungal species in maize responsible for ear, stalk and seedling rot, as well as the fumonisin contamination of kernels. Plant lipoxygenases (LOX) synthesize oxylipins that play a crucial role in the regulation of defense mechanisms against pathogens and influence the outcome of pathogenesis. To better uncover the role of these signaling molecules in maize resistance against F. verticillioides, the functional characterization of the 9-LOX gene, ZmLOX4, was carried out in this study by employing mutants carrying Mu insertions in this gene (named as UFMulox4). In this regard, the genotyping of five UFMulox4 identified the mutant UFMu10924 as the only one having an insertion in the coding region of the gene. The impact of ZmLOX4 mutagenesis on kernel defense against F. verticillioides and fumonisin accumulation were investigated, resulting in an increased fungal susceptibility compared to the inbred lines W22 and Tzi18. Moreover, the expression of most of the genes involved in the LOX, jasmonic acid (JA) and green leaf volatiles (GLV) pathways, as well as LOX enzymatic activity, decreased or were unaffected by fungal inoculation in the mutant UFMu10924. These results confirm the strategic role of ZmLOX4 in controlling defense against F. verticillioides and its influence on the expression of several LOX, JA and GLV genes.
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27
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Tan J, De Zutter N, De Saeger S, De Boevre M, Tran TM, van der Lee T, Waalwijk C, Willems A, Vandamme P, Ameye M, Audenaert K. Presence of the Weakly Pathogenic Fusarium poae in the Fusarium Head Blight Disease Complex Hampers Biocontrol and Chemical Control of the Virulent Fusarium graminearum Pathogen. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:641890. [PMID: 33679858 PMCID: PMC7928387 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.641890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium head blight (FHB) in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is caused by a consortium of mutually interacting Fusarium species. In the field, the weakly pathogenic F. poae often thrives on the infection sites of the virulent F. graminearum. In this ecological context, we investigated the efficacy of chemical and biocontrol agents against F. graminearum in wheat ears. For this purpose, one fungicide comprising prothioconazole + spiroxamine and two bacterial biocontrol strains, Streptomyces rimosus LMG 19352 and Rhodococcus sp. R-43120 were tested for their efficacy to reduce FHB symptoms and mycotoxin (deoxynivalenol, DON) production by F. graminearum in presence or absence of F. poae. Results showed that the fungicide and both actinobacterial strains reduced FHB symptoms and concomitant DON levels in wheat ears inoculated with F. graminearum. Where Streptomyces rimosus appeared to have direct antagonistic effects, Rhodococcus and the fungicide mediated suppression of F. graminearum was linked to the archetypal salicylic acid and jasmonic acid defense pathways that involve the activation of LOX1, LOX2 and ICS. Remarkably, this chemical- and biocontrol efficacy was significantly reduced when F. poae was co-inoculated with F. graminearum. This reduced efficacy was linked to a suppression of the plant's intrinsic defense system and increased levels of DON. In conclusion, our study shows that control strategies against the virulent F. graminearum in the disease complex causing FHB are hampered by the presence of the weakly pathogenic F. poae. This study provides generic insights in the complexity of control strategies against plant diseases caused by multiple pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Tan
- Laboratory of Applied Mycology and Phenomics, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Noémie De Zutter
- Laboratory of Applied Mycology and Phenomics, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sarah De Saeger
- Centre of Excellence in Mycotoxicology and Public Health, Department of Bioanalysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marthe De Boevre
- Centre of Excellence in Mycotoxicology and Public Health, Department of Bioanalysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Trang Minh Tran
- Laboratory of Applied Mycology and Phenomics, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Theo van der Lee
- Business Unit Biointeractions and Plant Health, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Cees Waalwijk
- Business Unit Biointeractions and Plant Health, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Anne Willems
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Peter Vandamme
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Maarten Ameye
- Laboratory of Applied Mycology and Phenomics, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kris Audenaert
- Laboratory of Applied Mycology and Phenomics, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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28
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Carbas B, Simões D, Soares A, Freitas A, Ferreira B, Carvalho ARF, Silva AS, Pinto T, Diogo E, Andrade E, Brites C. Occurrence of Fusarium spp. in Maize Grain Harvested in Portugal and Accumulation of Related Mycotoxins during Storage. Foods 2021; 10:375. [PMID: 33572250 PMCID: PMC7915971 DOI: 10.3390/foods10020375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Maize is an important worldwide commodity susceptible to fungal contamination in the field, at harvest, and during storage. This work aimed to determine the occurrence of Fusarium spp. in maize grains produced in the Tagus Valley region of Portugal and the levels of related mycotoxins in the 2018 harvest and during their storage for six months in barrels, mimicking silos conditions. Continuous monitoring of temperature, CO2, and relative humidity levels were done, as well as the concentration of mycotoxins were evaluated and correlated with the presence of Fusarium spp. F. verticillioides was identified as the predominant Fusarium species. Zearalenone, deoxynivalenol and toxin T2 were not found at harvest and after storage. Maize grains showed some variability in the levels of fumonisins (Fum B1 and Fum B2). At the harvest, fumonisin B1 ranged from 1297 to 2037 µg/kg, and fumonisin B2 ranged from 411 to 618 µg/kg. Fumonisins showed a tendency to increase (20 to 40%) during six months of storage. Although a correlation between the levels of fumonisins and the monitoring parameters was not established, CO2 levels may be used to predict fungal activity during storage. The composition of the fungal population during storage may predict the incidence of mycotoxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Carbas
- National Institute for Agricultural and Veterinary Research (INIAV), I.P., Av. da República, Quinta do Marquês, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal; (B.C.); (D.S.); (A.S.); (A.F.); (A.S.S.); (E.D.); (E.A.)
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (CITAB-UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Daniela Simões
- National Institute for Agricultural and Veterinary Research (INIAV), I.P., Av. da República, Quinta do Marquês, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal; (B.C.); (D.S.); (A.S.); (A.F.); (A.S.S.); (E.D.); (E.A.)
| | - Andreia Soares
- National Institute for Agricultural and Veterinary Research (INIAV), I.P., Av. da República, Quinta do Marquês, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal; (B.C.); (D.S.); (A.S.); (A.F.); (A.S.S.); (E.D.); (E.A.)
| | - Andreia Freitas
- National Institute for Agricultural and Veterinary Research (INIAV), I.P., Av. da República, Quinta do Marquês, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal; (B.C.); (D.S.); (A.S.); (A.F.); (A.S.S.); (E.D.); (E.A.)
| | - Bruno Ferreira
- ISQ—Intelligent & Digital Systems, R&Di, Instituto de Soldadura e Qualidade, 4415-491 Grijó, Portugal; (B.F.); (A.R.F.C.)
- Universidade Lusíada—Norte & COMEGI, 4760-108 Vila Nova de Famalicão, Portugal
| | - Alexandre R. F. Carvalho
- ISQ—Intelligent & Digital Systems, R&Di, Instituto de Soldadura e Qualidade, 4415-491 Grijó, Portugal; (B.F.); (A.R.F.C.)
| | - Ana Sanches Silva
- National Institute for Agricultural and Veterinary Research (INIAV), I.P., Av. da República, Quinta do Marquês, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal; (B.C.); (D.S.); (A.S.); (A.F.); (A.S.S.); (E.D.); (E.A.)
- Centre for Animal Science Studies (CECA), ICETA, University of Porto, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal
| | - Tiago Pinto
- ANPROMIS—Associação Nacional dos Produtores de Milho e do Sorgo, Rua Mestre Lima de Freitas nº 1–5º Andar, 1549-012 Lisboa, Portugal;
| | - Eugénio Diogo
- National Institute for Agricultural and Veterinary Research (INIAV), I.P., Av. da República, Quinta do Marquês, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal; (B.C.); (D.S.); (A.S.); (A.F.); (A.S.S.); (E.D.); (E.A.)
- BioISI—Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Eugénia Andrade
- National Institute for Agricultural and Veterinary Research (INIAV), I.P., Av. da República, Quinta do Marquês, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal; (B.C.); (D.S.); (A.S.); (A.F.); (A.S.S.); (E.D.); (E.A.)
- GREEN-IT Bioresources for Sustainability, ITQB NOVA, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Carla Brites
- National Institute for Agricultural and Veterinary Research (INIAV), I.P., Av. da República, Quinta do Marquês, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal; (B.C.); (D.S.); (A.S.); (A.F.); (A.S.S.); (E.D.); (E.A.)
- GREEN-IT Bioresources for Sustainability, ITQB NOVA, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
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Santiago R, Cao A, Malvar RA, Butrón A. Genomics of Maize Resistance to Fusarium Ear Rot and Fumonisin Contamination. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:E431. [PMID: 32629954 PMCID: PMC7404995 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12070431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Food contamination with mycotoxins is a worldwide concern, because these toxins produced by several fungal species have detrimental effects on animal and/or human health. In maize, fumonisins are among the toxins with the highest threatening potential because they are mainly produced by Fusarium verticillioides, which is distributed worldwide. Plant breeding has emerged as an effective and environmentally safe method to reduce fumonisin levels in maize kernels, but although phenotypic selection has proved effective for improving resistance to fumonisin contamination, further resources should be mobilized to meet farmers' needs. Selection based on molecular markers linked to quantitative trait loci (QTL) for resistance to fumonisin contamination or/and genotype values obtained using prediction models with markers distributed across the whole genome could speed up breeding progress. Therefore, in the current paper, previously identified genomic regions, genes, and/or pathways implicated in resistance to fumonisin accumulation will be reviewed. Studies done until now have provide many markers to be used by breeders, but to get further insight on plant mechanisms to defend against fungal infection and to limit fumonisin contamination, the genes behind those QTLs should be identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rogelio Santiago
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ciencias del Suelo, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Vigo, As Lagoas Marcosende, Agrobiología Ambiental, Calidad de Suelos y Plantas (UVIGO), Unidad Asociada a la MBG (CSIC), 36310 Vigo, Spain;
| | - Ana Cao
- Misión Biológica de Galicia (CSIC), Apdo. 28, 36080 Pontevedra, Spain; (A.C.); (R.A.M.)
| | - Rosa Ana Malvar
- Misión Biológica de Galicia (CSIC), Apdo. 28, 36080 Pontevedra, Spain; (A.C.); (R.A.M.)
| | - Ana Butrón
- Misión Biológica de Galicia (CSIC), Apdo. 28, 36080 Pontevedra, Spain; (A.C.); (R.A.M.)
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Molecular crosstalk between the endophyte Paraconiothyrium variabile and the phytopathogen Fusarium oxysporum – Modulation of lipoxygenase activity and beauvericin production during the interaction. Fungal Genet Biol 2020; 139:103383. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2020.103383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Scala V, Pucci N, Salustri M, Modesti V, L’Aurora A, Scortichini M, Zaccaria M, Momeni B, Reverberi M, Loreti S. Xylella fastidiosa subsp. pauca and olive produced lipids moderate the switch adhesive versus non-adhesive state and viceversa. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0233013. [PMID: 32413086 PMCID: PMC7228078 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Global trade and climate change are re-shaping the distribution map of pandemic pathogens. One major emerging concern is Xylella fastidiosa, a tropical bacterium recently introduced into Europe from America. In last decades, X. fastidiosa was detected in several European countries. X. fastidiosa is an insect vector-transmitted bacterial plant pathogen associated with severe diseases in a wide range of hosts. X. fastidiosa through a tight coordination of the adherent biofilm and the planktonic states, invades the host systemically. The planktonic phase is correlated to low cell density and vessel colonization. Increase in cell density triggers a quorum sensing system based on mixture of cis 2-enoic fatty acids-diffusible signalling factors (DSF) that promote stickiness and biofilm. The lipidome profile of Olea europaea L. (cv. Ogliarola salentina) samples, collected in groves located in infected zones and uninfected zones was performed. The untargeted analysis of the lipid profiles of Olive Quick Decline Syndrome (OQDS) positive (+) and negative (-) plants showed a clustering of OQDS+ plants apart from OQDS-. The targeted lipids profile of plants OQDS+ and OQDS- identified a shortlist of 10 lipids that increase their amount in OQDS+ and X. fastidiosa positive olive trees. These lipid entities, provided to X. fastidiosa subsp. pauca pure culture, impact on the dual phase, e.g. planktonic ↔ biofilm. This study provides novel insights on OQDS lipid hallmarks and on molecules that might modulate biofilm phase in X. fastidiosa subsp. pauca.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Scala
- Council for Agricultural research and Economics (CREA), Research Centre for Plant Protection and Certification, Roma, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Pucci
- Council for Agricultural research and Economics (CREA), Research Centre for Plant Protection and Certification, Roma, Italy
| | - Manuel Salustri
- Dept. of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University, Roma, Italy
| | - Vanessa Modesti
- Council for Agricultural research and Economics (CREA), Research Centre for Plant Protection and Certification, Roma, Italy
| | - Alessia L’Aurora
- Council for Agricultural research and Economics (CREA), Research Centre for Plant Protection and Certification, Roma, Italy
| | - Marco Scortichini
- Council for Agricultural research and Economics (CREA), Research Centre for Olive, Fruit Trees and Citrus, Roma, Italy
| | - Marco Zaccaria
- Department of Biology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, United States of America
| | - Babak Momeni
- Department of Biology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, United States of America
| | | | - Stefania Loreti
- Council for Agricultural research and Economics (CREA), Research Centre for Plant Protection and Certification, Roma, Italy
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Oliw EH, Hamberg M. Charge migration fragmentation in the negative ion mode of cyclopentenone and cyclopentanone intermediates in the biosynthesis of jasmonates. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2020; 34:e8665. [PMID: 31734961 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Jasmonates are formed from 12-oxo-10,15(Z)-phytodienoic acid (12-OPDA) in plants and also from 12-oxo-10-phytoenoic acid (12-OPEA) in fungi. Collision-induced dissociation (CID) of [M-H]- generates characteristic product anions at m/z 165 [C11 H17 O]- . Our goal was to investigate the structure and mode of formation of this anion by CID of 12-OPDA, 12-OPEA, and 12-oxophytonoic acid (12-OPA). METHODS We investigated the CID of the [M-H]- , [M-H-CO2 ]- , and [M-H-H2 O]- anions using electrospray ionization and MS/MS analysis of 12-OPDA, 12-OPEA, and 12-OPA, and compared the results with the data obtained with the corresponding compounds labeled with 2 H at C-6 and C-7 and with structural and side chain analogs. RESULTS CID of [6,6,7,7-2 H4 ]12-OPEA and [6,6-2 H2 ]12-OPDA ([M-H]- and [M-H-CO2 ]- ) showed that one or two 2 H atoms were transferred to anions at m/z 165 as judged by the signal intensities of m/z 165 + 1 or 165 + 2, respectively. CID of [6,6-2 H2 ]- and [6,6,7,7-2 H4 ]-12-OPA ([M-H]- and [M-H-CO2 ]- ) yielded the loss of H2 from the cyclopentanone and displayed the transfer of one 2 H atom in analogy to 12-OPEA. In contrast, CID of [6,6,7,7-2 H4 ]12-OPEA and [6,6,7,7-2 H4 ]12-OPA [M-H-H2 O]- demonstrated the transfer of two 2 H atoms (m/z 165 + 2). All spectra obtained by CID of [6,6,7,7-2 H4 ]12-OPDA and [6,6,7,7-2 H4 ]12-oxo-9(13),15(Z)-phytodienoic acid showed that one or two additional 2 H atoms could be transferred to this anion at m/z 167 of [6,6-2 H2 ]12-OPDA due to isotope scrambling. CONCLUSIONS CID of 12-OPDA and 12-OPEA generates cyclopentanone enolate anions at m/z 165 by charge-driven hydride transfer as a common mechanism and by bond cleavage between C-7 and C-8 of the carboxyl side chains with either gain or loss of a hydrogen atom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernst H Oliw
- Division of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mats Hamberg
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Nano-hybrid based on polypyrrole/chitosan/grapheneoxide magnetite decoration for dual function in water remediation and its application to form fashionable colored product. ADV POWDER TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2020.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Soni P, Gangurde SS, Ortega-Beltran A, Kumar R, Parmar S, Sudini HK, Lei Y, Ni X, Huai D, Fountain JC, Njoroge S, Mahuku G, Radhakrishnan T, Zhuang W, Guo B, Liao B, Singam P, Pandey MK, Bandyopadhyay R, Varshney RK. Functional Biology and Molecular Mechanisms of Host-Pathogen Interactions for Aflatoxin Contamination in Groundnut ( Arachis hypogaea L.) and Maize ( Zea mays L.). Front Microbiol 2020; 11:227. [PMID: 32194520 PMCID: PMC7063101 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Aflatoxins are secondary metabolites produced by soilborne saprophytic fungus Aspergillus flavus and closely related species that infect several agricultural commodities including groundnut and maize. The consumption of contaminated commodities adversely affects the health of humans and livestock. Aflatoxin contamination also causes significant economic and financial losses to producers. Research efforts and significant progress have been made in the past three decades to understand the genetic behavior, molecular mechanisms, as well as the detailed biology of host-pathogen interactions. A range of omics approaches have facilitated better understanding of the resistance mechanisms and identified pathways involved during host-pathogen interactions. Most of such studies were however undertaken in groundnut and maize. Current efforts are geared toward harnessing knowledge on host-pathogen interactions and crop resistant factors that control aflatoxin contamination. This study provides a summary of the recent progress made in enhancing the understanding of the functional biology and molecular mechanisms associated with host-pathogen interactions during aflatoxin contamination in groundnut and maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Soni
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Hyderabad, India
| | - Sunil S. Gangurde
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Hyderabad, India
| | | | - Rakesh Kumar
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Hyderabad, India
| | - Sejal Parmar
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Hyderabad, India
| | - Hari K. Sudini
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Hyderabad, India
| | - Yong Lei
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinzhi Ni
- Crop Genetics and Breeding Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture – Agriculture Research Service, Tifton, GA, United States
| | - Dongxin Huai
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Jake C. Fountain
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA, United States
| | - Samuel Njoroge
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | - George Mahuku
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | | | - Weijian Zhuang
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Baozhu Guo
- Crop Protection and Management Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture – Agricultural Research Service, Tifton, GA, United States
| | - Boshou Liao
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Prashant Singam
- Department of Genetics, Osmania University, Hyderabad, India
| | - Manish K. Pandey
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Hyderabad, India
| | | | - Rajeev K. Varshney
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Hyderabad, India
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Deboever E, Deleu M, Mongrand S, Lins L, Fauconnier ML. Plant-Pathogen Interactions: Underestimated Roles of Phyto-oxylipins. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 25:22-34. [PMID: 31668451 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2019.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Plant (or phyto-) oxylipins (POs) are produced under a wide range of stress conditions and although they are well known to activate stress-related signalling pathways, the nonsignalling roles of POs are poorly understood. We describe oxylipins as direct biocidal agents and propose that structure-function relationships play here a pivotal role. Based on their chemical configuration, POs, such as reactive oxygen and electrophile species, activate defence-related gene expression. We also propose that their ability to interact with pathogen membranes is important, but still misunderstood, and that they are involved in cross-kingdom communication. Taken as a whole, the current literature suggests that POs have a high potential as biocontrol agents. However, the mechanisms underlying these multifaceted compounds remain largely unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estelle Deboever
- Molecular Biophysics at Interface Laboratory (LBMI), Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, 2, Passage des Déportés, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium; Laboratory of Natural Molecules Chemistry (LCMN), Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, 2, Passage des Déportés, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium.
| | - Magali Deleu
- Molecular Biophysics at Interface Laboratory (LBMI), Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, 2, Passage des Déportés, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Sébastien Mongrand
- Laboratory of Membrane Biogenesis (LBM), Research Mix Unity (UMR) 5200, National Scientific Research Center (CNRS), University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Laurence Lins
- Molecular Biophysics at Interface Laboratory (LBMI), Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, 2, Passage des Déportés, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Marie-Laure Fauconnier
- Laboratory of Natural Molecules Chemistry (LCMN), Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, 2, Passage des Déportés, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium
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Galletti S, Paris R, Cianchetta S. Selected isolates of Trichoderma gamsii induce different pathways of systemic resistance in maize upon Fusarium verticillioides challenge. Microbiol Res 2019; 233:126406. [PMID: 31883486 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2019.126406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The pink ear rot is one of the most damaging maize diseases, caused by the mycotoxigenic fungal pathogen, Fusarium verticillioides. The application of biological control agents, like antagonistic and/or resistance inducer microorganisms, is an option to reduce fungal infection and kernel contamination in a sustainable and environmentally friendly way. It is well known that Trichoderma species are non-pathogenic fungi able to antagonize plant pathogens and to induce systemic resistance in plants. The present work aimed to verify if Trichoderma spp., applied to maize kernels, affect the plant growth and induce systemic responses to F. verticillioides. Besides, the capability to reduce fumonisin concentration in liquid cultures was investigated. Two T. gamsii (IMO5 and B21), and one T. afroharzianum (B75) isolates, selected both for antagonism and for the ability to reduce root infections, significantly reduced the endophytic development of the stem-inoculated pathogen, compared to the control. The mechanisms of action appeared to be strain-specific, with IMO5 enhancing transcript levels of marker genes of Induced Systemic Resistance (ZmLOX10, ZmAOS, and ZmHPL) while B21 enhancing marker genes of Systemic Acquired Resistance (ZmPR1 and ZmPR5), as evinced by measuring their expression profiles in the leaves. Moreover, IMO5 promoted plant growth, while B21 was able to significantly reduce the fumonisin content in a liquid medium. The results of this work give new evidence that the seed application of T. gamsii is a promising tool for controlling F. verticillioides to be integrated with breeding and the adoption of good agricultural practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Galletti
- Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria - Centro di ricerca agricoltura e Ambiente, Via di Corticella 133, 40128 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Roberta Paris
- Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria - Centro di ricerca Cerealicoltura e Colture Industriali, Via di Corticella 133, 40128 Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Cianchetta
- Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria - Centro di ricerca agricoltura e Ambiente, Via di Corticella 133, 40128 Bologna, Italy
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Pakhomova S, Boeglin WE, Neau DB, Bartlett SG, Brash AR, Newcomer ME. An ensemble of lipoxygenase structures reveals novel conformations of the Fe coordination sphere. Protein Sci 2019; 28:920-927. [PMID: 30861228 PMCID: PMC6459989 DOI: 10.1002/pro.3602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The regio- and stereo-specific oxygenation of polyunsaturated fatty acids is catalyzed by lipoxygenases (LOX); both Fe and Mn forms of the enzyme have been described. Structural elements of the Fe and Mn coordination spheres and the helical catalytic domain in which the metal center resides are highly conserved. However, animal, plant, and microbial LOX each have distinct features. We report five crystal structures of a LOX from the fungal plant pathogen Fusarium graminearum. This LOX displays a novel amino terminal extension that provides a wrapping domain for dimerization. Moreover, this extension appears to interfere with the iron coordination sphere, as the typical LOX configuration is not observed at the catalytic metal when the enzyme is dimeric. Instead novel tetra-, penta-, and hexa-coordinate Fe2+ ligations are apparent. In contrast, a monomeric structure indicates that with repositioning of the amino terminal segment, the enzyme can assume a productive conformation with the canonical Fe2+ coordination sphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Pakhomova
- Department of Biological SciencesLouisiana State UniversityBaton RougeLouisiana
| | - William E. Boeglin
- Department of Pharmacology VanderbiltUniversity School of MedicineNashvilleTennessee, 37232
| | - David B. Neau
- Northeastern Collaborative Access Team, Argonne National LaboratoryCornell UniversityArgonneIllinois
| | - Sue G. Bartlett
- Department of Biological SciencesLouisiana State UniversityBaton RougeLouisiana
| | - Alan R. Brash
- Department of Pharmacology VanderbiltUniversity School of MedicineNashvilleTennessee, 37232
| | - Marcia E. Newcomer
- Department of Biological SciencesLouisiana State UniversityBaton RougeLouisiana
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Samayoa LF, Cao A, Santiago R, Malvar RA, Butrón A. Genome-wide association analysis for fumonisin content in maize kernels. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:166. [PMID: 31029090 PMCID: PMC6486958 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-1759-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plant breeding has been proposed as one of the most effective and environmentally safe methods to control fungal infection and to reduce fumonisin accumulation. However, conventional breeding can be hampered by the complex genetic architecture of resistance to fumonisin accumulation and marker-assisted selection is proposed as an efficient alternative. In the current study, GWAS has been performed for the first time for detecting high-resolution QTL for resistance to fumonisin accumulation in maize kernels complementing published GWAS results for Fusarium ear rot. RESULTS Thirty-nine SNPs significantly associated with resistance to fumonisin accumulation in maize kernels were found and clustered into 17 QTL. Novel QTLs for fumonisin content would be at bins 3.02, 5.02, 7.05 and 8.07. Genes with annotated functions probably implicated in resistance to pathogens based on previous studies have been highlighted. CONCLUSIONS Breeding approaches to fix favorable functional variants for genes implicated in maize immune response signaling may be especially useful to reduce kernel contamination with fumonisins without significantly interfering in mycelia development and growth and, consequently, in the beneficial endophytic behavior of Fusarium verticillioides.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. F. Samayoa
- Misión Biológica de Galicia (MBG - CSIC), Box 28, 36080 Pontevedra, Spain
- Present address at department of Crop Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA
| | - A. Cao
- Misión Biológica de Galicia (MBG - CSIC), Box 28, 36080 Pontevedra, Spain
- Facultad de Biología, Department Biología Vegetal y Ciencias del Suelo, Universidad de Vigo, As Lagoas Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain
- Agrobiología Ambiental, Calidad de Suelos y Plantas (BVE1-UVIGO), Unidad Asociada a la MBG – CSIC, 36143 Pontevedra, Spain
| | - R. Santiago
- Facultad de Biología, Department Biología Vegetal y Ciencias del Suelo, Universidad de Vigo, As Lagoas Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain
- Agrobiología Ambiental, Calidad de Suelos y Plantas (BVE1-UVIGO), Unidad Asociada a la MBG – CSIC, 36143 Pontevedra, Spain
| | - R. A. Malvar
- Misión Biológica de Galicia (MBG - CSIC), Box 28, 36080 Pontevedra, Spain
- Agrobiología Ambiental, Calidad de Suelos y Plantas (BVE1-UVIGO), Unidad Asociada a la MBG – CSIC, 36143 Pontevedra, Spain
| | - A. Butrón
- Misión Biológica de Galicia (MBG - CSIC), Box 28, 36080 Pontevedra, Spain
- Agrobiología Ambiental, Calidad de Suelos y Plantas (BVE1-UVIGO), Unidad Asociada a la MBG – CSIC, 36143 Pontevedra, Spain
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Righetti L, Lucini L, Giorni P, Locatelli S, Dall'Asta C, Battilani P. Lipids as Key Markers in Maize Response to Fumonisin Accumulation. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:4064-4070. [PMID: 30888165 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b06316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The present field study offers new insights into the role played by plant lipid pathways in the modulation of fumonisin accumulation in maize. Untargeted metabolomics was applied to better understand the multifactorial plant-pathogen-interaction mechanisms, including host resistance. Our results showed a significant influence from the hybrid genotype and the environmental growing conditions on fumonisin accumulation. A total of 25 significant metabolites have been identified, with glycerophospholipid and linoleic acid metabolism as the main pathways affected by the plant-pathogen interactions. This evidence highlighted the crucial role played by lipid signaling as an integrated part of the complex regulatory network in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Righetti
- Department of Food and Drug , University of Parma , Parco Area delle Scienze 95/A , 43124 Parma , Italy
| | - Luigi Lucini
- Department for Sustainable Food Process , Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore , Via Emilia Parmense 84 , 29122 Piacenza , Italy
| | - Paola Giorni
- Department of Sustainable Crop Production , Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore , Via Emilia Parmense 84 , 29122 Piacenza , Italy
| | - Sabrina Locatelli
- Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops , Council for Agricultural Research and Economics , Via Stezzano 24 , 24126 Bergamo , Italy
| | - Chiara Dall'Asta
- Department of Food and Drug , University of Parma , Parco Area delle Scienze 95/A , 43124 Parma , Italy
| | - Paola Battilani
- Department of Sustainable Crop Production , Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore , Via Emilia Parmense 84 , 29122 Piacenza , Italy
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