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Gan Y, Tu Z, Yang Y, Cheng L, Wang N, Fan S, Wu C. Enhancing cowpea wilt resistance: insights from gene coexpression network analysis with exogenous melatonin treatment. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:599. [PMID: 38918732 PMCID: PMC11197195 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05289-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cowpea wilt is a harmful disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum, leading to substantial losses in cowpea production. Melatonin reportedly regulates plant immunity to pathogens; however the specific regulatory mechanism underlying the protective effect of melatonin pretreated of cowpea against Fusarium oxysporum remains known. Accordingly, the study sought to evaluate changes in the physiological and biochemical indices of cowpea following melatonin treated to facilitate Fusarium oxysporum resistance and elucidate the associated molecular mechanism using a weighted gene coexpression network. RESULTS Treatment with 100 µM melatonin was effective in increasing cowpea resistance to Fusarium oxysporum. Glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX), catalase (CAT), and salicylic acid (SA) levels were significantly upregulated, and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) levels were significantly downregulated in melatonin treated samples in roots. Weighted gene coexpression network analysis of melatonin- and Fusarium oxysporum-treated samples identified six expression modules comprising 2266 genes; the number of genes per module ranged from 9 to 895. In particular, 17 redox genes and 32 transcription factors within the blue module formed a complex interconnected expression network. KEGG analysis revealed that the associated pathways were enriched in secondary metabolism, peroxisomes, phenylalanine metabolism, flavonoids, and flavonol biosynthesis. More specifically, genes involved in lignin synthesis, catalase, superoxide dismutase, and peroxidase were upregulated. Additionally, exogenous melatonin induced activation of transcription factors, such as WRKY and MYB. CONCLUSIONS The study elucidated changes in the expression of genes associated with the response of cowpea to Fusarium oxysporum under melatonin treated. Specifically, multiple defence mechanisms were initiated to improve cowpea resistance to Fusarium oxysporum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudi Gan
- College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Zhiwei Tu
- College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Youxin Yang
- College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Liuyang Cheng
- College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Nan Wang
- College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Shuying Fan
- College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Caijun Wu
- College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China.
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Wang J, Gao Y, Xiong X, Yan Y, Lou J, Noman M, Li D, Song F. The Ser/Thr protein kinase FonKin4-poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase FonPARP1 phosphorylation cascade is required for the pathogenicity of watermelon fusarium wilt fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1397688. [PMID: 38690366 PMCID: PMC11058995 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1397688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation (PARylation), catalyzed by poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) and hydrolyzed by poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase (PARG), is a kind of post-translational protein modification that is involved in various cellular processes in fungi, plants, and mammals. However, the function of PARPs in plant pathogenic fungi remains unknown. The present study investigated the roles and mechanisms of FonPARP1 in watermelon Fusarium wilt fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum (Fon). Fon has a single PARP FonPARP1 and one PARG FonPARG1. FonPARP1 is an active PARP and contributes to Fon pathogenicity through regulating its invasive growth within watermelon plants, while FonPARG1 is not required for Fon pathogenicity. A serine/threonine protein kinase, FonKin4, was identified as a FonPARP1-interacting partner by LC-MS/MS. FonKin4 is required for vegetative growth, conidiation, macroconidia morphology, abiotic stress response and pathogenicity of Fon. The S_TKc domain is sufficient for both enzyme activity and pathogenicity function of FonKin4 in Fon. FonKin4 phosphorylates FonPARP1 in vitro to enhance its poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase activity; however, FonPARP1 does not PARylate FonKin4. These results establish the FonKin4-FonPARP1 phosphorylation cascade that positively contributes to Fon pathogenicity. The present study highlights the importance of PARP-catalyzed protein PARylation in regulating the pathogenicity of Fon and other plant pathogenic fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajing Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Insect Pests of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yizhou Gao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Insect Pests of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohui Xiong
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Insect Pests of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuqing Yan
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Insect Pests of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiajun Lou
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Insect Pests of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Muhammad Noman
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dayong Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Insect Pests of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fengming Song
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Insect Pests of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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López-Cabeza R, Rodríguez-Sabina S, Reyes CP, Expósito DG, Giménez C, Jiménez IA, Cabrera R, Bazzocchi IL. Bio-guided isolation of aromatic abietane diterpenoids from Salvia canariensis as biopesticides in the control of phytopathogenic fungi. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2024; 80:2199-2207. [PMID: 38258969 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biofungicides arise as a promising alternative to the indiscriminate use of harmful synthetic fungicides in crop management. RESULTS The present study reports the bio-guided fractionation of an endemic plant from the Canary Islands, Salvia canariensis against the phytopathogens, Alternaria alternata, Botrytis cinerea, and Fusarium oxysporum. This procedure allowed identifying a series of diterpenoids with an abietane skeleton (1-5), which exhibited remarkable activity against the phytopathogenic fungi assayed. Their structures were established by means of spectroscopic and spectrometric methods, as well as comparison with reported data. Compounds 2 (carnosic acid), 4 (11-acetoxy carnosic acid) and 5 (11,12-diacetoxy carnosic acid) showed significant mycelium growth inhibition (%GI > 50 at 0.1 mg/mL concentration) on all the assayed fungi, and with a potency also higher than the positive control, Fosbel-Plus, a fungicide commonly used in agriculture. A preliminary structure-activity relationship is also discussed. CONCLUSIONS These findings underline the aromatic abietane diterpenoids as promising eco-friendly alternatives to conventional fungicides to use in integrated pest management. © 2024 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío López-Cabeza
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica Antonio González, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain
- Departamento de Agroquímica, Microbiología Ambiental y Protección de Suelos y Agua, Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS), CSIC, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Samuel Rodríguez-Sabina
- Departamento de Botánica, Ecología y Fisiología Vegetal, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain
| | - Carolina P Reyes
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Microbiología, Biología Celular y Genética, Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica Antonio González, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain
| | - Daniela G Expósito
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica Antonio González, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain
| | - Cristina Giménez
- Departamento de Botánica, Ecología y Fisiología Vegetal, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain
| | - Ignacio A Jiménez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica Antonio González, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain
| | - Raimundo Cabrera
- Departamento de Botánica, Ecología y Fisiología Vegetal, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain
| | - Isabel L Bazzocchi
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica Antonio González, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain
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Liang H, Li F, Huang Y, Yu Q, Huang Z, Zeng Q, Chen B, Meng J. FsCGBP, a Cutinase G-Box Binding Protein, Regulates the Growth, Development, and Virulence of Fusarium sacchari, the Pathogen of Sugarcane Pokkah Boeng Disease. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:246. [PMID: 38667917 PMCID: PMC11051240 DOI: 10.3390/jof10040246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Fusarium sacchari is a causal agent of sugarcane Pokkah boeng, an important fungal disease that causes a considerable reduction in yield and sugar content in susceptible varieties of sugarcane worldwide. Despite its importance, the fungal factors that regulate the virulence of this pathogen remain largely unknown. In our previous study, mapping of an insertional mutant defect in virulence resulted in the identification of a cutinase G-box binding protein gene, designated FsCGBP, that encodes a C2H2-type transcription factor (TF). FsCGBP was shown to localize in the nuclei, and the transcript level of FsCGBP was significantly upregulated during the infection process or in response to abiotic stresses. Deletion or silencing of FsCGBP resulted in a reduction in mycelial growth, conidial production, and virulence and a delay in conidial germination in the F. sacchari. Cutinase genes FsCUT2, FsCUT3, and FsCUT4 and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) genes FsHOG1, FsMGV1, and FsGPMK1, which were significantly downregulated in ΔFsCGBP. Except for FsHOG1, all of these genes were found to be transcriptionally activated by FsCGBP using the yeast one-hybrid system in vitro. The deletion of individual cutinase genes did not result in any of the phenotypes exhibited in the ΔFsCGBP mutant, except for cutinase activity. However, disruption of the MAPK pathway upon deletion of FsMGV1 or FsGPMK1 resulted in phenotypes similar to those of the ΔFsCGBP mutant. The above results suggest that FsCGBP functions by regulating the MAPK pathway and cutinase genes, providing new insights into the mechanism of virulence regulation in F. sacchari.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoming Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Nanning 530004, China; (H.L.); (F.L.); (Y.H.); (Q.Y.); (Z.H.); (Q.Z.); (B.C.)
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Fang Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Nanning 530004, China; (H.L.); (F.L.); (Y.H.); (Q.Y.); (Z.H.); (Q.Z.); (B.C.)
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Yundan Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Nanning 530004, China; (H.L.); (F.L.); (Y.H.); (Q.Y.); (Z.H.); (Q.Z.); (B.C.)
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Quan Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Nanning 530004, China; (H.L.); (F.L.); (Y.H.); (Q.Y.); (Z.H.); (Q.Z.); (B.C.)
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Zhenxin Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Nanning 530004, China; (H.L.); (F.L.); (Y.H.); (Q.Y.); (Z.H.); (Q.Z.); (B.C.)
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Quan Zeng
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Nanning 530004, China; (H.L.); (F.L.); (Y.H.); (Q.Y.); (Z.H.); (Q.Z.); (B.C.)
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Baoshan Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Nanning 530004, China; (H.L.); (F.L.); (Y.H.); (Q.Y.); (Z.H.); (Q.Z.); (B.C.)
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Jiaorong Meng
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Nanning 530004, China; (H.L.); (F.L.); (Y.H.); (Q.Y.); (Z.H.); (Q.Z.); (B.C.)
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
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Bhagat N, Mansotra R, Patel K, Ambardar S, Vakhlu J. Molecular warfare between pathogenic Fusarium oxysporum R1 and host Crocus sativus L. unraveled by dual transcriptomics. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2024; 43:42. [PMID: 38246927 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-023-03101-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and plant-pathogen interaction pathways in saffron and cell wall degrading enzymes in Fusarium oxysporum R1 are key players involved in the interaction. Fusarium oxysporum causes corm rot in saffron (Crocus sativus L.), which is one of the most devastating fungal diseases impacting saffron yield globally. Though the corm rot agent and its symptoms are known widely, little is known about the defense mechanism of saffron in response to Fusarium oxysporum infection at molecular level. Therefore, the current study reports saffron-Fusarium oxysporum R1 (Fox R1) interaction at the molecular level using dual a transcriptomics approach. The results indicated the activation of various defense related pathways such as the mitogen activated protein kinase pathway (MAPK), plant-hormone signaling pathways, plant-pathogen interaction pathway, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway and PR protein synthesis in the host during the interaction. The activation of pathways is involved in the hypersensitive response, production of various secondary metabolites, strengthening of the host cell wall, systemic acquired resistance etc. Concurrently, in the pathogen, 60 genes reported to be linked to pathogenicity and virulence has been identified during the invasion. The expression of genes encoding plant cell wall degrading enzymes, various transcription factors and effector proteins indicated the strong pathogenicity of Fusarium oxysporum R1. Based on the results obtained, the putative molecular mechanism of the saffron-Fox R1 interaction was identified. As saffron is a male sterile plant, and can only be improved by genetic manipulation, this work will serve as a foundation for identifying genes that can be used to create saffron varieties, resistant to Fusarium oxysporum infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Bhagat
- Metagenomic Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, University of Jammu, Jammu, 180006, India
| | - Ritika Mansotra
- Metagenomic Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, University of Jammu, Jammu, 180006, India
| | - Karan Patel
- DNA Xperts Private Limited, Noida, 201301, India
| | - Sheetal Ambardar
- Metagenomic Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, University of Jammu, Jammu, 180006, India
| | - Jyoti Vakhlu
- Metagenomic Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, University of Jammu, Jammu, 180006, India.
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Wang M, Zhu L, Zhang C, Zhou H, Tang Y, Cao S, Chen J, Zhang J. Transcriptomic-Proteomic Analysis Revealed the Regulatory Mechanism of Peanut in Response to Fusarium oxysporum. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:619. [PMID: 38203792 PMCID: PMC10779420 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Peanut Fusarium rot, which is widely observed in the main peanut-producing areas in China, has become a significant factor that has limited the yield and quality in recent years. It is highly urgent and significant to clarify the regulatory mechanism of peanuts in response to Fusarium oxysporum. In this study, transcriptome and proteome profiling were combined to provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms of peanut stems after F. oxysporums infection. A total of 3746 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 305 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were screened. The upregulated DEGs and DEPs were primarily enriched in flavonoid biosynthesis, circadian rhythm-plant, and plant-pathogen interaction pathways. Then, qRT-PCR analysis revealed that the expression levels of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), chalcone isomerase (CHI), and cinnamic acid-4-hydroxylase (C4H) genes increased after F. oxysporums infection. Moreover, the expressions of these genes varied in different peanut tissues. All the results revealed that many metabolic pathways in peanut were activated by improving key gene expressions and the contents of key enzymes, which play critical roles in preventing fungi infection. Importantly, this research provides the foundation of biological and chemical analysis for peanut disease resistance mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jiancheng Zhang
- Shandong Peanut Research Institute, Qingdao 266100, China; (M.W.); (L.Z.); (C.Z.); (H.Z.); (Y.T.); (S.C.); (J.C.)
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Bhagat N, Vakhlu J. Effects of biocontrol Bacillus sp. strain D5 on the pathogenic Fusarium oxysporum R1 at the microscopic and molecular level in Crocus sativus L. (saffron) corm. FEMS MICROBES 2024; 5:xtad025. [PMID: 38250179 PMCID: PMC10799715 DOI: 10.1093/femsmc/xtad025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Corm rot of saffron caused by Fusarium oxysporum is a major threat to saffron cultivation the world over. To minimize the ill effects of chemical fungicides, attention has been shifted to the use of biocontrol agents for disease management in a sustainable way. In saffron, various biocontrol agents against corm rot disease have been reported and characterized but no study has been done so far to understand their interaction at the molecular level. The present study was conducted to unravel the mechanism of action of an already characterized native biocontrol agent i.e. Bacillus sp. strain D5 (Bar D5) against F. oxsporum R1 (Fox R1) in the saffron corm. The growth inhibition of Fox R1 was observed in vitro and in planta (saffron corm) by real time imaging. Bacillus sp. strain D5 reduced Fox R1 load in infected corms by 50% as quantified by q-PCR and the colony-forming unit method. Comparative transcriptome analysis revealed upregulation and downregulation of various Fox R1 genes in presence of Bar D5. The genes related to carbon metabolism, cell wall and membrane synthesis, and growth of Fox R1 were significantly downregulated in Bar D5-primed and Fox R1-inoculated corms as compared to only Fox R1-inoculated corms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Bhagat
- Metagenomics Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, University of Jammu, Jammu, 180006, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Jyoti Vakhlu
- Metagenomics Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, University of Jammu, Jammu, 180006, Jammu and Kashmir, India
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Yang H, Zhang X, Qiu X, Chen J, Wang Y, Zhang G, Jia S, Shen X, Ye W, Yan Z. Fusarium Wilt Invasion Results in a Strong Impact on Strawberry Microbiomes. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:4153. [PMID: 38140478 PMCID: PMC10747085 DOI: 10.3390/plants12244153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Plant-endophytic microbes affect plant growth, development, nutrition, and resistance to pathogens. However, how endophytic microbial communities change in different strawberry plant compartments after Fusarium pathogen infection has remained elusive. In this study, 16S and internal transcribed spacer rRNA amplicon sequencing were used to systematically investigate changes in the bacterial and fungal diversity and composition in the endophytic compartments (roots, stems, and leaves) of healthy strawberries and strawberries with Fusarium wilt, respectively. The analysis of the diversity, structure, and composition of the bacterial and fungal communities revealed a strong effect of pathogen invasion on the endophytic communities. The bacterial and fungal community diversity was lower in the Fusarium-infected endophytic compartments than in the healthy samples. The relative abundance of certain bacterial and fungal genera also changed after Fusarium wilt infection. The relative abundance of the beneficial bacterial genera Bacillus, Bradyrhizobium, Methylophilus, Sphingobium, Lactobacillus, and Streptomyces, as well as fungal genera Acremonium, Penicillium, Talaromyces, and Trichoderma, were higher in the healthy samples than in the Fusarium wilt samples. The relative abundance of Fusarium in the infected samples was significantly higher than that in the healthy samples, consistent with the field observations and culture isolation results for strawberry wilt. Our findings provide a theoretical basis for the isolation, identification, and control of strawberry wilt disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjun Yang
- College of Agronomy and Horticulture, Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry, Zhenjiang 212400, China; (H.Y.); (X.Q.); (Y.W.); (G.Z.); (S.J.); (X.S.)
- Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Center for Modern Horticulture, Zhenjiang 212400, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- College of Agronomy and Horticulture, Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry, Zhenjiang 212400, China; (H.Y.); (X.Q.); (Y.W.); (G.Z.); (S.J.); (X.S.)
- Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Center for Modern Horticulture, Zhenjiang 212400, China
| | - Xiaohong Qiu
- College of Agronomy and Horticulture, Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry, Zhenjiang 212400, China; (H.Y.); (X.Q.); (Y.W.); (G.Z.); (S.J.); (X.S.)
| | - Jiajia Chen
- College of Landscape Architecture, Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry, Zhenjiang 212400, China;
| | - Yuanhua Wang
- College of Agronomy and Horticulture, Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry, Zhenjiang 212400, China; (H.Y.); (X.Q.); (Y.W.); (G.Z.); (S.J.); (X.S.)
- Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Center for Modern Horticulture, Zhenjiang 212400, China
| | - Geng Zhang
- College of Agronomy and Horticulture, Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry, Zhenjiang 212400, China; (H.Y.); (X.Q.); (Y.W.); (G.Z.); (S.J.); (X.S.)
- Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Center for Modern Horticulture, Zhenjiang 212400, China
| | - Sizhen Jia
- College of Agronomy and Horticulture, Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry, Zhenjiang 212400, China; (H.Y.); (X.Q.); (Y.W.); (G.Z.); (S.J.); (X.S.)
| | - Xiangqi Shen
- College of Agronomy and Horticulture, Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry, Zhenjiang 212400, China; (H.Y.); (X.Q.); (Y.W.); (G.Z.); (S.J.); (X.S.)
| | - Wenwu Ye
- Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China;
| | - Zhiming Yan
- College of Agronomy and Horticulture, Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry, Zhenjiang 212400, China; (H.Y.); (X.Q.); (Y.W.); (G.Z.); (S.J.); (X.S.)
- Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Center for Modern Horticulture, Zhenjiang 212400, China
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Shi H, Yang J, Li Q, PinChu C, Song Z, Yang H, Luo Y, Liu C, Fan W. Diversity and correlation analysis of different root exudates on the regulation of microbial structure and function in soil planted with Panax notoginseng. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1282689. [PMID: 38125568 PMCID: PMC10731274 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1282689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Specific interactions between root exudates and soil microorganisms has been proposed as one of the reasons accounting for the continuous cropping obstacle (CCO) of Panax notoginseng. However, rotation of other crops on soils planted with P. notoginseng (SPP) did not show CCO, suggesting that root exudates of different crops differentially regulate soil microorganisms in SPP. Methods Here, we investigated the microbial community structure and specific interaction mechanisms of the root exudates of the four plant species, P. notoginseng (Pn), Zea mays (Zm), Nicotiana tabacum (Nt) and Perilla frutescens (Pf), in SPP by static soil culture experiment. Results The results showed that the chemical diversity of root exudates varied significantly among the four plant species. Pn had the highest number of unique root exudates, followed by Nt, Zm and Pf. Terpenoids, flavonoids, alkaloids and phenolic acids were the most abundant differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) in Pn, Nt, Zm and Pf, respectively. However, lipids were the most abundant common DAMs among Zm Nt and Pf. Pn root exudates decreased the relative abundance of bacteria, but increased that of fungi. While specific DAMs in Pn enriched Phenylobacterium_zucineum, Sphingobium_yanoikuyae, Ophiostoma_ulmi and functional pathways of Nucleotide excision repair, Streptomycin biosynthesis, Cell cycle-Caulobacter and Glycolysis/Gluconeogenesis, it inhibited Paraburkholderia _caledonica and Ralstonia_pickettii. However, common DAMs in Zm, Nt and Pf had opposite effects. Moreover, common DAMs in Zm, Nt and Pf enriched Ralstonia_pseudosolanacearum and functional pathway of Xylene degradation; unique DAMs in Zm enriched Talaromyces_purcureogeneus, while inhibiting Fusarium_tricinctum and functional pathways of Nucleotide excision repair and Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism; unique DAMs in Pf enriched Synchytrium_taraxaci. Discussion The core strains identified that interact with different root exudates will provide key clues for regulation of soil microorganisms in P. notoginseng cultivation to alleviate CCO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huineng Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwest China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- College of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Jianli Yang
- College of Landscape and Horticulture, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Qi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwest China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- College of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Cier PinChu
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwest China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- College of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Zhanhua Song
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwest China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- College of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Honglei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwest China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- College of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Yu Luo
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Chunlan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwest China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- College of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Wei Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwest China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- College of Landscape and Horticulture, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
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10
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Shi H, Li W, Zhou Y, Wang J, Shen S. Can we control potato fungal and bacterial diseases? - microbial regulation. Heliyon 2023; 9:e22390. [PMID: 38046151 PMCID: PMC10686857 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The potato plant is one of the main crops in the world. However, relatively little is known about key virulence factors of major fungal and bacterial diseases in potatoes, biocontrol measures to improve activity and stability, and the core driving forces in the control process. Here, we focus on analyzing the mechanisms by which genes, proteins, or (and) metabolites of potato pathogens as key virulence factors. Then, the single strain biocontrol agents, synthetic microbial communities, microbial microcapsule strategies were introduced, and the latter two strategies can improve stability and activity in biocontrol. Meanwhile, summarized the defense mechanisms of biocontrol and their specific issues in practical applications. Furthermore, explore how potato crop management, soil management, and climate effects, as crucial driving forces affect potato biocontrol in the system. Dynamic and systematic research, excavation of biocontrol strain resources, find the causes of regional disease resistance and exploration of biocontrol mechanism will provide promising solutions for biotic stress faced by potato in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiqin Shi
- Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining, China
- Key Laboratory of Potato Breeding of Qinghai Province, Xining, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining, China
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai Tibet Plateau Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Xining, China
- Northwest Potato Engineering Research Center, Ministry of Education, Xining, China
| | - Wei Li
- Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining, China
- Key Laboratory of Potato Breeding of Qinghai Province, Xining, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining, China
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai Tibet Plateau Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Xining, China
- Northwest Potato Engineering Research Center, Ministry of Education, Xining, China
| | - Yun Zhou
- Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining, China
- Key Laboratory of Potato Breeding of Qinghai Province, Xining, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining, China
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai Tibet Plateau Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Xining, China
- Northwest Potato Engineering Research Center, Ministry of Education, Xining, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining, China
- Key Laboratory of Potato Breeding of Qinghai Province, Xining, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining, China
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai Tibet Plateau Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Xining, China
- Northwest Potato Engineering Research Center, Ministry of Education, Xining, China
| | - Shuo Shen
- Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining, China
- Key Laboratory of Potato Breeding of Qinghai Province, Xining, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining, China
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai Tibet Plateau Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Xining, China
- Northwest Potato Engineering Research Center, Ministry of Education, Xining, China
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11
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Carreras-Villaseñor N, Martínez-Rodríguez LA, Ibarra-Laclette E, Monribot-Villanueva JL, Rodríguez-Haas B, Guerrero-Analco JA, Sánchez-Rangel D. The biological relevance of the FspTF transcription factor, homologous of Bqt4, in Fusarium sp. associated with the ambrosia beetle Xylosandrus morigerus. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1224096. [PMID: 37520351 PMCID: PMC10375492 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1224096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcription factors in phytopathogenic fungi are key players due to their gene expression regulation leading to fungal growth and pathogenicity. The KilA-N family encompasses transcription factors unique to fungi, and the Bqt4 subfamily is included in it and is poorly understood in filamentous fungi. In this study, we evaluated the role in growth and pathogenesis of the homologous of Bqt4, FspTF, in Fusarium sp. isolated from the ambrosia beetle Xylosandrus morigerus through the characterization of a CRISPR/Cas9 edited strain in Fsptf. The phenotypic analysis revealed that TF65-6, the edited strain, modified its mycelia growth and conidia production, exhibited affectation in mycelia and culture pigmentation, and in the response to certain stress conditions. In addition, the plant infection process was compromised. Untargeted metabolomic and transcriptomic analysis, clearly showed that FspTF may regulate secondary metabolism, transmembrane transport, virulence, and diverse metabolic pathways such as lipid metabolism, and signal transduction. These data highlight for the first time the biological relevance of an orthologue of Bqt4 in Fusarium sp. associated with an ambrosia beetle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nohemí Carreras-Villaseñor
- Laboratorios de Biología Molecular y Fitopatología, Instituto de Ecología A.C. (INECOL), Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados (REMAv), Xalapa, Mexico
| | - Luis A. Martínez-Rodríguez
- Laboratorios de Biología Molecular y Fitopatología, Instituto de Ecología A.C. (INECOL), Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados (REMAv), Xalapa, Mexico
| | - Enrique Ibarra-Laclette
- Laboratorio de Genómica y Transcriptómica, Instituto de Ecología A.C. (INECOL), Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados (REMAv), Xalapa, Mexico
| | - Juan L. Monribot-Villanueva
- Laboratorio de Química de Productos Naturales, Instituto de Ecología A.C. (INECOL), Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados (REMAv), Xalapa, Mexico
| | - Benjamín Rodríguez-Haas
- Laboratorios de Biología Molecular y Fitopatología, Instituto de Ecología A.C. (INECOL), Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados (REMAv), Xalapa, Mexico
| | - José A. Guerrero-Analco
- Laboratorio de Química de Productos Naturales, Instituto de Ecología A.C. (INECOL), Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados (REMAv), Xalapa, Mexico
| | - Diana Sánchez-Rangel
- Laboratorios de Biología Molecular y Fitopatología, Instituto de Ecología A.C. (INECOL), Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados (REMAv), Xalapa, Mexico
- Investigadora Por Mexico-CONAHCyT, Xalapa, Mexico
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12
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Yang C, Sun J, Wu Z, Jiang M, Li D, Wang X, Zhou C, Liu X, Ren Z, Wang J, Sun M, Sun W, Gao J. FoRSR1 Is Important for Conidiation, Fusaric Acid Production, and Pathogenicity in Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ginseng. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2023; 113:1244-1253. [PMID: 36706002 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-10-22-0372-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The root rot disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ginseng is one of the most destructive diseases of ginseng, an economically important herb. However, little is known about the pathogen's toxin biosynthesis or the molecular mechanisms regulating infection of ginseng. In this study we identified and functionally characterized the FoRSR1 gene that encodes a Ras-related (RSR) small GTPase homologous to yeast Rsr1 in F. oxysporum f. sp. ginseng. Disruption of FoRSR1 resulted in a significant reduction in mycelial dry weight in liquid cultures, although vegetative growth rate was not affected on culture plates. Notably, the Forsr1 mutant exhibited blunted and swollen hyphae with multi-nucleated compartments. It produced fewer and morphologically abnormal conidia and was defective in chlamydospore formation. In infection assays with ginseng roots, the Forsr1 mutant was significantly less virulent and caused only limited necrosis at the wounding sites. Deletion of FoRSR1 also affected pigmentation, autophagy, and production of fusaric acid. Furthermore, the expression of many candidate genes involved in secondary metabolism was significantly downregulated in the mutant, suggesting that FoRSR1 is also important for secondary metabolism. Overall, our results indicated that FoRSR1 plays important roles in conidiation, vacuolar morphology, secondary metabolism, and pathogenesis in F. oxysporum f. sp. ginseng.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui Yang
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, 071000, China
| | - Jing Sun
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Zhaoqun Wu
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Maozhu Jiang
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Dayong Li
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Xinjie Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Chunxiang Zhou
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Xuecheng Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Zhiguo Ren
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, 071000, China
| | - Jun Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Manli Sun
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, 071000, China
| | - Wenxian Sun
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
- College of Plant Protection and the Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jie Gao
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
- State-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Ginseng Breeding and Application, Changchun, 130118, China
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13
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Yang J, Mao A, Zhang J, Zhang X, Xia C, Zhao H, Wang Y, Wen C, Liu H, Wang Q. Whole-Genome Sequencing of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum Strain Race-4 Infecting Cucumber in China. PLANT DISEASE 2023; 107:1210-1213. [PMID: 36265141 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-08-22-1815-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum, which causes root and vascular wilting, is one of the most devastating diseases infecting cucumber. Here, we report the first genome resource with high-quality assembly for F. oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum strain Race-4, which is primarily endemic to China. The genome was 59.11 Mb in size and consisted of 48 scaffolds with an N50 of 3.87 Mb using PacBio long reads (301.77×) sequencing, and encodes 14,898 proteins from analyzing RNA-seq data. Gene annotations identified pathogen-host interaction genes, fungal virulence factors, secreted proteins, transcription factors, and secondary metabolite biosynthesis gene. Moreover, functional genes reported in previous studies were also identified in the genome of Race-4. These genes and genome resource may play important roles in understanding F. oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum-cucumber interactions and will be useful for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Beijing Vegetable Research Center (BVRC), Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Aijun Mao
- Beijing Vegetable Research Center (BVRC), Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Beijing Vegetable Research Center (BVRC), Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Xiaofei Zhang
- Beijing Vegetable Research Center (BVRC), Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Changxuan Xia
- Beijing Vegetable Research Center (BVRC), Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Hong Zhao
- Beijing Vegetable Research Center (BVRC), Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Yixin Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Changlong Wen
- Beijing Vegetable Research Center (BVRC), Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Beijing Vegetable Research Center (BVRC), Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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14
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Yu H, Yang H, Haridas S, Hayes RD, Lynch H, Andersen S, Newman M, Li G, Martínez-Soto D, Milo-Cochavi S, Hazal Ayhan D, Zhang Y, Grigoriev IV, Ma LJ. Conservation and Expansion of Transcriptional Factor Repertoire in the Fusarium oxysporum Species Complex. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:359. [PMID: 36983527 PMCID: PMC10056406 DOI: 10.3390/jof9030359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The Fusarium oxysporum species complex (FOSC) includes both plant and human pathogens that cause devastating plant vascular wilt diseases and threaten public health. Each F. oxysporum genome comprises core chromosomes (CCs) for housekeeping functions and accessory chromosomes (ACs) that contribute to host-specific adaptation. This study inspects global transcription factor profiles (TFomes) and their potential roles in coordinating CC and AC functions to accomplish host-specific interactions. Remarkably, we found a clear positive correlation between the sizes of TFomes and the proteomes of an organism. With the acquisition of ACs, the FOSC TFomes were larger than the other fungal genomes included in this study. Among a total of 48 classified TF families, 14 families involved in transcription/translation regulations and cell cycle controls were highly conserved. Among the 30 FOSC expanded families, Zn2-C6 and Znf_C2H2 were most significantly expanded to 671 and 167 genes per family including well-characterized homologs of Ftf1 (Zn2-C6) and PacC (Znf_C2H2) that are involved in host-specific interactions. Manual curation of characterized TFs increased the TFome repertoires by 3% including a disordered protein Ren1. RNA-Seq revealed a steady pattern of expression for conserved TF families and specific activation for AC TFs. Functional characterization of these TFs could enhance our understanding of transcriptional regulation involved in FOSC cross-kingdom interactions, disentangle species-specific adaptation, and identify targets to combat diverse diseases caused by this group of fungal pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houlin Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - He Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Sajeet Haridas
- Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Richard D. Hayes
- Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Hunter Lynch
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Sawyer Andersen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Madison Newman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Gengtan Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Domingo Martínez-Soto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Shira Milo-Cochavi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Dilay Hazal Ayhan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Igor V. Grigoriev
- Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94598, USA
| | - Li-Jun Ma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
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15
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Palmitoyl Transferase FonPAT2-Catalyzed Palmitoylation of the FonAP-2 Complex Is Essential for Growth, Development, Stress Response, and Virulence in Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0386122. [PMID: 36533963 PMCID: PMC9927311 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03861-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein palmitoylation, one of posttranslational modifications, is catalyzed by a group of palmitoyl transferases (PATs) and plays critical roles in the regulation of protein functions. However, little is known about the function and mechanism of PATs in plant pathogenic fungi. The present study reports the function and molecular mechanism of FonPATs in Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum (Fon), the causal agent of watermelon Fusarium wilt. The Fon genome contains six FonPAT genes with distinct functions in vegetative growth, conidiation and conidial morphology, and stress response. FonPAT1, FonPAT2, and FonPAT4 have PAT activity and are required for Fon virulence on watermelon mainly through regulating in planta fungal growth within host plants. Comparative proteomics analysis identified a set of proteins that were palmitoylated by FonPAT2, and some of them are previously reported pathogenicity-related proteins in fungi. The FonAP-2 complex core subunits FonAP-2α, FonAP-2β, and FonAP-2μ were palmitoylated by FonPAT2 in vivo. FonPAT2-catalyzed palmitoylation contributed to the stability and interaction ability of the core subunits to ensure the formation of the FonAP-2 complex, which is essential for vegetative growth, asexual reproduction, cell wall integrity, and virulence in Fon. These findings demonstrate that FonPAT1, FonPAT2, and FonPAT4 play important roles in Fon virulence and that FonPAT2-catalyzed palmitoylation of the FonAP-2 complex is critical to Fon virulence, providing novel insights into the importance of protein palmitoylation in the virulence of plant fungal pathogens. IMPORTANCE Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum (Fon), the causal agent of watermelon Fusarium wilt, is one of the most serious threats for the sustainable development of the watermelon industry worldwide. However, little is known about the underlying molecular mechanism of pathogenicity in Fon. Here, we found that the palmitoyl transferase (FonPAT) genes play distinct and diverse roles in basic biological processes and stress response and demonstrated that FonPAT1, FonPAT2, and FonPAT4 have PAT activity and are required for virulence in Fon. We also found that FonPAT2 palmitoylates the core subunits of the FonAP-2 complex to maintain the stability and the formation of the FonAP-2 complex, which is essential for basic biological processes, stress response, and virulence in Fon. Our study provides new insights into the understanding of the molecular mechanism involved in Fon virulence and will be helpful in the development of novel strategies for disease management.
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Yu H, Yang H, Haridas S, Hayes RD, Lynch H, Andersen S, Li G, Mart Nez-Soto D, Milo-Cochavi S, Hazal Ayhan D, Zhang Y, Grigoriev IV, Ma LJ. Conservation and Expansion of Transcriptional Factor Repertoire in the Fusarium oxysporum Species Complex. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.09.527873. [PMID: 36798233 PMCID: PMC9934661 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.09.527873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
The Fusarium oxysporum species complex (FOSC) includes both plant and human pathogens that cause devastating plant vascular wilt diseases and threaten public health. Each F. oxysporum genome comprises core chromosomes (CCs) for housekeeping functions and accessory chromosomes (ACs) that contribute to host-specific adaptation. This study inspected global transcription factor profiles (TFomes) and their potential roles in coordinating CCs and ACs functions to accomplish host-specific pathogenicity. Remarkably, we found a clear positive correlation between the sizes of TFome and proteome of an organism, and FOSC TFomes are larger due to the acquisition of ACs. Among a total of 48 classified TF families, 14 families involved in transcription/translation regulations and cell cycle controls are highly conserved. Among 30 FOSC expanded families, Zn2-C6 and Znf_C2H2 are most significantly expanded to 671 and 167 genes per family, including well-characterized homologs of Ftf1 (Zn2-C6) and PacC (Znf_C2H2) involved in host-specific interactions. Manual curation of characterized TFs increased the TFome repertoires by 3%, including a disordered protein Ren1. Expression profiles revealed a steady expression of conserved TF families and specific activation of AC TFs. Functional characterization of these TFs could enhance our understanding of transcriptional regulation involved in FOSC cross-kingdom interactions, disentangle species-specific adaptation, and identify targets to combat diverse diseases caused by this group of fungal pathogens.
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17
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Lyu X, Wang Q, Liu A, Liu F, Meng L, Wang P, Zhang Y, Wang L, Li Z, Wang W. The transcription factor Ste12-like increases the mycelial abiotic stress tolerance and regulates the fruiting body development of Flammulina filiformis. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1139679. [PMID: 37213522 PMCID: PMC10192742 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1139679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Flammulina filiformis is one of the most commercially important edible fungi worldwide, with its nutritional value and medicinal properties. It becomes a good model species to study the tolerance of abiotic stress during mycelia growth in edible mushroom cultivation. Transcription factor Ste12 has been reported to be involved in the regulation of stress tolerance and sexual reproduction in fungi. Methods In this study, identification and phylogenetic analysis of ste12-like was performed by bioinformatics methods. Four ste12-like overexpression transformants of F. filiformis were constructed by Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. Results and Discussion Phylogenetic analysis showed that Ste12-like contained conserved amino acid sequences. All the overexpression transformants were more tolerant to salt stress, cold stress and oxidative stress than wild-type strains. In the fruiting experiment, the number of fruiting bodies of overexpression transformants increased compared with wild-type strains, but the growth rate of stipes slowed down. It suggested that gene ste12-like was involved in the regulation of abiotic stress tolerance and fruiting body development in F. filiformis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomeng Lyu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
- Mycological Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qingji Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Ao Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Mycological Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Li Meng
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Panmeng Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Li Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
- *Correspondence: Li Wang,
| | - Zhuang Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
- Zhuang Li,
| | - Wei Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
- Wei Wang,
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Fusarium spp. associated with Chenopodium quinoa crops in Colombia. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20841. [PMID: 36460698 PMCID: PMC9718861 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24908-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Quinoa is a plant commonly-resistance to adverse biotic and abiotic factors. However, this crop can be affected by phytopathogenic fungi. There is a lack of knowledge about the fungi associated with quinoa plants in Colombia. Through morphological and molecular identification in this study were identified four Fusarium species associated with quinoa crops: Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium graminearum, Fusarium equiseti, and Fusarium culmorum. For this, we collected samples of panicles, leaf tissue, root tissue, and soil for isolation of different isolates of Fusarium. We performed a pathogenicity test of the fungi strains, under greenhouse conditions to evaluate the pathogenicity in seedlings of the Piartal cultivar with two inoculation methods. First inoculating the stem through a nodal wound or second inoculating the abaxial face with a brush. The results indicate the presence of four species with both molecular markers, phylogenetically distributed in these groups. The four species turned out to be pathogenic but with different degrees of virulence with significant differences between F. graminearum and F. oxysporum depending on the inoculation method. This is the first report on the presence of Fusarium species isolated from Quinoa in Colombia.
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Effect of Humic Acid on Soil Physical and Chemical Properties, Microbial Community Structure, and Metabolites of Decline Diseased Bayberry. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314707. [PMID: 36499039 PMCID: PMC9738081 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, bayberry decline disease has caused significant damage to the bayberry industry. In order to evaluate whether humic acid can be used to effectively control the disease, this research examined the nutritional growth and fruit quality of bayberry, soil physical and chemical properties, soil microbial community structure, and metabolites. Results indicated that the application of humic acid not only improved the vigor and fruit quality of diseased trees, but also increased the diversity of microbial communities in the rhizosphere soil. A great increase was observed in the relative abundance of bacterial genus Mycobacterium and Crossiella; fungal genus Fusarium and Coniosporium. In contrast, a significant decrease was observed in the relative abundance of bacterial genus Acidothermus, Bryobacter, Acidibacter, fungal genus of Geminibasidium and Mycena. Analysis of redundancies (RDA) for microbial communities and soil characteristics showed that the main four variables, including available nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and calcium, had a great effect on the composition of bacterial and fungal communities in bayberry rhizosphere soil at the genus level. The main four variables had a greater effect on bacterial communities than on fungal communities. In addition, ABC transporter, arginine and proline metabolism, galactose metabolism, and glutathione metabolism were significantly affected by humic acid, which changed the content of 81 metabolites including 58 significantly down-regulated metabolites such as isohexonic acid and carinitine, and 23 significantly up-regulated metabolites such as acidic acid, guaninosuccinate, lyxose, 2-monoolein, epicatechin, and pentonolactone. These metabolites also significantly correlated with rhizosphere soil microbiota at the phylum, order, and genus levels. In conclusion, the results demonstrated the role of humic acid on plant growth and fruit quality, as well as rhizosphere soil characteristics, microbiota, and secondary metabolites, which provides novel insights into the control of bayberry decline disease.
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Kuang W, Zhang L, Ye L, Ma J, Shi X, Lin Y, Sun X, Cui R. Genome and Transcriptome Sequencing Analysis of Fusarium commune Provides Insights into the Pathogenic Mechanisms of the Lotus Rhizome Rot. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0017522. [PMID: 35867414 PMCID: PMC9431280 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00175-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Fusarium wilt, a vascular wilt caused by F. commune, has been a serious problem for the lotus. Although some F. commune isolate genomes have been sequenced, little is known about the genomic information of the strain that causes Fusarium wilt of aquatic plants. In this study, the genome of F. commune FCN23 isolated from lotuses in China was sequenced using Illumina and PacBio sequencing platforms. The FCN23 genome consisted of 53 scaffolds with a combined size of 46,211,149 bp. According to the reference genome, F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici 4287 isolated from tomato, it was finally assembled into 14 putative chromosomes, including 10 core and 4 lineage-specific chromosomes. The genome contains about 3.45% repeats and encodes 14,698 putative protein-coding genes. Among these, 1,038 and 296 proteins were potentially secreted proteins and candidate effector proteins, respectively. Comparative genomic analysis showed that the CAZyme-coding genes and secondary metabolite biosynthesis genes of FCN23 were similar to those of other Ascomycetes. Additionally, the transcriptome of FCN23 during infection of lotus was analyzed and 7,013 differentially expressed genes were identified. Eight putative effectors that were upregulated in the infection stage were cloned. Among them, F23a002499 exhibited strong hypersensitive response after transiently expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves. Our results provide a valuable genetic basis for understanding the molecular mechanism of the interaction between F. commune and aquatic plants. IMPORTANCE Fusarium commune is an important soilborne pathogen with a wide range of hosts and can cause Fusarium wilt of land plants. However, there are few studies on Fusarium wilt of aquatic plants. Lotus rhizome rot mainly caused by F. commune is a devastating disease that causes extensive yield and quality losses in China. Here, we obtained high-quality genomic information of the FCN23 using Illumina NovaSeq and the third-generation sequencing technology PacBio Sequel II. Compared to the reference genome F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici strain 4287, it contains 11 core and 3 lineage-specific chromosomes. Many differentially expressed genes associated with pathogenicity were identified by RNA sequencing. The genome and transcriptome sequences of FCN23 will provide important genomic information and insights into the infection mechanisms of F. commune on aquatic plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weigang Kuang
- College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Lianhu Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Lifang Ye
- College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jian Ma
- College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xugen Shi
- College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yachun Lin
- College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xiaotang Sun
- College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Ruqiang Cui
- College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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21
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Cai H, Yu N, Liu Y, Wei X, Guo C. Meta-analysis of fungal plant pathogen Fusarium oxysporum infection-related gene profiles using transcriptome datasets. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:970477. [PMID: 36090060 PMCID: PMC9449528 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.970477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fusarium oxysporum is a serious soil-borne fungal pathogen that affects the production of many economically important crops worldwide. Recent reports suggest that this fungus is becoming the dominant species in soil and could become the main infectious fungus in the future. However, the infection mechanisms employed by F. oxysporum are poorly understood. In the present study, using a network meta-analysis technique and public transcriptome datasets for different F. oxysporum and plant interactions, we aimed to explore the common molecular infection strategy used by this fungus and to identify vital genes involved in this process. Principle component analysis showed that all the fungal culture samples from different datasets were clustered together, and were clearly separated from the infection samples, suggesting the feasibility of an integrated analysis of heterogeneous datasets. A total of 335 common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified among these samples, of which 262 were upregulated and 73 were downregulated significantly across the datasets. The most enriched functional categories of the common DEGs were carbohydrate metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and lipid metabolism. Nine co-expression modules were identified, and two modules, the turquoise module and the blue module, correlated positively and negatively with all the infection processes, respectively. Co-expression networks were constructed for these two modules and hub genes were identified and validated. Our results comprise a cross fungal-host interaction resource, highlighting the use of a network biology approach to gain molecular insights.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Changhong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cytogenetics, Heilongjiang Province, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, China
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22
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Zhao J, Peng M, Chen W, Xing X, Shan Y, Fan Z, Shi Y, Li H, Yang X, Li H, Chen L. Transcriptome Analysis and Functional Validation Identify a Putative bZIP Transcription Factor, Fpkapc, that Regulates Development, Stress Responses, and Virulence in Fusarium pseudograminearum. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2022; 112:1299-1309. [PMID: 35000433 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-12-21-0520-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium pseudograminearum is a soilborne, hemibiotrophic phytopathogenic fungus that causes Fusarium crown rot and Fusarium head blight in wheat. The basic leucine zipper proteins (bZIPs) are evolutionarily conserved transcription factors that play crucial roles in a range of growth and developmental processes and the responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. However, the roles of bZIP transcription factors remains unknown in F. pseudograminearum. In this study, a bZIP transcription factor Fpkapc was identified to localize to the nucleus in F. pseudograminearum. A mutant strain (Δfpkapc) was constructed to determine the role of Fpkapc in growth and pathogenicity of F. pseudograminearum. Transcriptomic analyses revealed that many genes involved in basic metabolism and oxidation-reduction processes were downregulated, whereas many genes involved in metal iron binding were upregulated in the Δfpkapc strain, compared with the wild type (WT). Correspondingly, the mutant had severe growth defects and displayed abnormal hyphal tips. Conidiation in the Fpkapc mutant was reduced, with more conidia in smaller size and fewer septa than in the WT. Also, relative to WT, the Δfpkapc strain showed greater tolerance to ion stress, but decreased tolerance to H2O2. The mutant caused smaller disease lesions on wheat and barley plants, but significantly increased TRI gene expression, compared with the WT. In summary, Fpkapc plays multiple roles in governing growth, development, stress responses, and virulence in F. pseudograminearum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingya Zhao
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Mengya Peng
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Wenbo Chen
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Xiaoping Xing
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Yixuan Shan
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Zhuo Fan
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Yan Shi
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Haiyang Li
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Xue Yang
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Honglian Li
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Linlin Chen
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Zhengzhou 450000, China
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Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of the Basic Leucine Zipper (bZIP) Transcription Factor Gene Family in Fusarium graminearum. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13040607. [PMID: 35456413 PMCID: PMC9028111 DOI: 10.3390/genes13040607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The basic leucine zipper (bZIP) is a widely found transcription factor family that plays regulatory roles in a variety of cellular processes including cell growth and development and various stress responses. However, the bZIP gene family has not been well studied at a genome-wide scale in Fusarium graminearum (Fg), a potent pathogen of cereal grains. In the present study, we conducted a genome-wide identification, characterization, and expression profiling of 22 F. graminearum bZIP (FgbZIP) genes at different developmental stages and under various abiotic stresses. All identified FgbZIPs were categorized into nine groups based on their sequence similarity and phylogenetic tree analysis. Furthermore, the gene structure analysis, conserved motif analysis, chromosomal localization, protein network studies, and synteny analysis were performed. The symmetry of the exon and intron varied with the phylogenetic groups. The post-translational modifications (PTMs) analysis also predicted several phosphorylation sites in FgbZIPs, indicating their functional diversity in cellular processes. The evolutionary study identified many orthogroups among eight species and also predicted several gene duplication events in F. graminearum. The protein modeling indicated the presence of a higher number of α-helices and random coils in their structures. The expression patterns of FgbZIP genes showed that 5 FgbZIP genes, including FgbZIP_1.1, FgbZIP_1.3, FgbZIP_2.6 FgbZIP_3.1 and FgbZIP_4.3, had high expression at different growth and conidiogenesis stages. Similarly, eight genes including FgbZIP_1.1, FgbZIP_1.6, FgbZIP_2.3, FgbZIP_2.4, FgbZIP_4.1, FgbZIP_4.2, FgbZIP_4.3 and FgbZIP_4.6 demonstrated their putative role in response to various abiotic stresses. In summary, these results provided basic information regarding FgbZIPs which are helpful for further functional analysis.
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Mendoza-Vargas LA, Villamarín-Romero WP, Cotrino-Tierradentro AS, Ramírez-Gil JG, Chávez-Arias CC, Restrepo-Díaz H, Gómez-Caro S. Physiological Response of Cape Gooseberry Plants to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. physali, Fusaric Acid, and Water Deficit in a Hydrophonic System. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:702842. [PMID: 34421951 PMCID: PMC8374548 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.702842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Cape gooseberry production has been limited by vascular wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. physali (Foph). Fusaric acid (FA) is a mycotoxin produced by many Fusarium species such as F. oxysporum formae speciales. The effects of the interaction between this mycotoxin and plants (such as cape gooseberry) under biotic stress (water deficit, WD) have been little explored. Three experiments were carried out. The objectives of this study were to evaluate (i) different Foph inoculum densities (1 × 104 and 1 × 106 conidia ml-1; experiment (1); (ii) the effect of times of exposure (0, 6, 9, and 12 h) and FA concentrations (0, 12.5, 25, 50, and 100 mg L-1; experiment (2), and (iii) the interaction between Foph (1 × 104 conidia mL-1) or FA (25 mg L-1 × 9 h), and WD conditions (experiment 3) on the physiological (plant growth, leaf stomatal conductance (g s ), and photochemical efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm ratio) and biochemical [malondialdehyde (MDA) and proline] responses of cape gooseberry seedling ecotype Colombia. The first experiment showed that Foph inoculum density of 1 × 106 conidia ml-1 caused the highest incidence of the disease (100%). In the second experiment, g s (~40.6 mmol m-2 s-1) and Fv/Fm ratio (~0.59) decreased, whereas MDA (~9.8 μmol g-1 FW) increased in plants with exposure times of 9 and 12 h and an FA concentration of 100 mg L-1 compared with plants without FA exposure or concentrations (169.8 mmol m-2 s-1, 0.8, and 7.2 μmol g-1 FW for g s , Fv/Fm ratio and MDA, respectively). In the last experiment, the interaction between Foph or FA and WD promoted a higher area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) (Foph × WD = 44.5 and FA × WD = 37) and lower g s (Foph × WD = 6.2 mmol m-2 s-1 and FA × WD = 9.5 mmol m-2 s-1) compared with plants without any interaction. This research could be considered as a new approach for the rapid scanning of responses to the effects of FA, Foph, and WD stress not only on cape gooseberry plants but also on other species from the Solanaceae family.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Sandra Gómez-Caro
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Bogotá, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Departamento de Agronomía, Bogotá, Colombia
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