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Dos Reis Araujo T, Alves BL, Dos Santos LMB, Gonçalves LM, Carneiro EM. Association between protein undernutrition and diabetes: Molecular implications in the reduction of insulin secretion. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2024; 25:259-278. [PMID: 38048021 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-023-09856-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Undernutrition is still a recurring nutritional problem in low and middle-income countries. It is directly associated with the social and economic sphere, but it can also negatively impact the health of the population. In this sense, it is believed that undernourished individuals may be more susceptible to the development of non-communicable diseases, such as diabetes mellitus, throughout life. This hypothesis was postulated and confirmed until today by several studies that demonstrate that experimental models submitted to protein undernutrition present alterations in glycemic homeostasis linked, in part, to the reduction of insulin secretion. Therefore, understanding the changes that lead to a reduction in the secretion of this hormone is essential to prevent the development of diabetes in undernourished individuals. This narrative review aims to describe the main molecular changes already characterized in pancreatic β cells that will contribute to the reduction of insulin secretion in protein undernutrition. So, it will provide new perspectives and targets for postulation and action of therapeutic strategies to improve glycemic homeostasis during this nutritional deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Dos Reis Araujo
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Carl Von Linnaeus Bloco Z, Campinas, SP, Cep: 13083-864, Brazil
| | - Bruna Lourençoni Alves
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Carl Von Linnaeus Bloco Z, Campinas, SP, Cep: 13083-864, Brazil
| | - Lohanna Monali Barreto Dos Santos
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Carl Von Linnaeus Bloco Z, Campinas, SP, Cep: 13083-864, Brazil
| | - Luciana Mateus Gonçalves
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Everardo Magalhães Carneiro
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Carl Von Linnaeus Bloco Z, Campinas, SP, Cep: 13083-864, Brazil.
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Wang Y, Wu D, Li D, Zhou X, Fan D, Pan J. The role of PERK-eIF2α-ATF4-CHOP pathway in sevoflurane induced neuroapoptosis and cognitive dysfunction in aged mice. Cell Signal 2023; 110:110841. [PMID: 37549858 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2023.110841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a common surgical complication that causes additional pain in patients and affects their quality of life. To address this problem, emerging studies have focused on the POCD. Recent studies have shown that aging and anesthetic exposure are the two major risk factors for developing POCD. However, few reports described the exact molecular mechanisms underlying POCD in elderly patients. In the previous studies, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and neuroapoptosis in the hippocampus were associated with inducing POCD; however, no further information on the related signaling pathways could be disclosed. The PERK-eIF2α-ATF4-CHOP pathway is identified as the main regulatory pathway involved in ER stress and cell apoptosis. Therefore, we assume that the occurrence of POCD induced by sevoflurane inhalation may potentially result from ER stress and neuroapoptosis in the hippocampus of aged mice mediated by the PERK-eIF2α-ATF4-CHOP pathway. In our study, we found a relationship between sevoflurane inhalation concentration and memory decline in aged mice, with a 'ceiling effect'. We have confirmed that POCD induced by sevoflurane results from ER stress and neuroapoptosis in the hippocampus of aged mice, which is regulated by the over-expression of PERK-eIF2α-ATF4-CHOP pathway. Furthermore, we also showed that the dephosphorylation inhibitor of eIF2α (salubrinal) could down-regulate PERK-eIF2α-ATF4-CHOP pathway expression to inhibit ER stress and enhance the cognitive function of aged mice. In general, our study has elucidated one of the molecular mechanisms of sevoflurane-related cognitive dysfunction in aged groups and provided new strategies for treating sevoflurane-induced POCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, PR China; Frontier Innovation Center for Dental Medicine Plus, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Di Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Danni Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu 610072, PR China; School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, PR China
| | - Xueer Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, PR China; Frontier Innovation Center for Dental Medicine Plus, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Dan Fan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu 610072, PR China; School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, PR China.
| | - Jian Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, PR China; Frontier Innovation Center for Dental Medicine Plus, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, PR China.
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Yeap JW, Ali IAH, Ibrahim B, Tan ML. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and emerging ER stress-related therapeutic targets. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2023; 81:102218. [PMID: 37201652 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2023.102218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
COPD pathogenesis is frequently associated with endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER stress) progression. Targeting the major unfolded protein response (UPR) branches in the ER stress pathway may provide pharmacotherapeutic selection strategies for treating COPD and enable relief from its symptoms. In this study, we aimed to systematically review the potential role of the ER stress inhibitors of major UPR branches (IRE1, PERK, and ATF6) in COPD-related studies and determine the current stage of knowledge in this field. The systematic review was carried out adhering to the PRISMA checklist based on published studies obtained from specific keyword searches of three databases, namely PubMed, ScienceDirect and Springer Database. The search was limited to the year 2000-2022 which includes all in vitro studies, in vivo studies and clinical trials related to the application of ER stress inhibitors toward COPD-induced models and disease. The risk of bias was evaluated using the QUIN, SYRCLE, revised Cochrane risk of bias tool for randomized trials (RoB 2.0) and NIH tool respectively. A total of 7828 articles were screened from three databases and a final total of 37 studies were included in the review. The ER stress and UPR pathways are potentially useful to prevent COPD progression and attenuate the exacerbation of COPD and related symptoms. Interestingly, the off-target effects from inhibition of the UPR pathway may be desirable or undesirable depending on context and therapeutic applications. Targeting the UPR pathway could have complex consequences as the production of ER molecules involved in folding may be impaired which could continuously provoke misfolding of proteins. Although several emerging compounds were noted to be potentially useful for targeted therapy against COPD, clinical studies have yet to be thoroughly explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Wen Yeap
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Pulau, Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Irfhan Ali Hyder Ali
- Respiratory Department, Penang General Hospital, Jalan Residensi, 10990, Pulau, Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Baharudin Ibrahim
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy & Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mei Lan Tan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Pulau, Pinang, Malaysia; Centre For Global Sustainability Studies (CGSS), Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Pulau, Pinang, Malaysia.
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Morrone CD, Raghuraman R, Hussaini SA, Yu WH. Proteostasis failure exacerbates neuronal circuit dysfunction and sleep impairments in Alzheimer's disease. Mol Neurodegener 2023; 18:27. [PMID: 37085942 PMCID: PMC10119020 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-023-00617-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Failed proteostasis is a well-documented feature of Alzheimer's disease, particularly, reduced protein degradation and clearance. However, the contribution of failed proteostasis to neuronal circuit dysfunction is an emerging concept in neurodegenerative research and will prove critical in understanding cognitive decline. Our objective is to convey Alzheimer's disease progression with the growing evidence for a bidirectional relationship of sleep disruption and proteostasis failure. Proteostasis dysfunction and tauopathy in Alzheimer's disease disrupts neurons that regulate the sleep-wake cycle, which presents behavior as impaired slow wave and rapid eye movement sleep patterns. Subsequent sleep loss further impairs protein clearance. Sleep loss is a defined feature seen early in many neurodegenerative disorders and contributes to memory impairments in Alzheimer's disease. Canonical pathological hallmarks, β-amyloid, and tau, directly disrupt sleep, and neurodegeneration of locus coeruleus, hippocampal and hypothalamic neurons from tau proteinopathy causes disruption of the neuronal circuitry of sleep. Acting in a positive-feedback-loop, sleep loss and circadian rhythm disruption then increase spread of β-amyloid and tau, through impairments of proteasome, autophagy, unfolded protein response and glymphatic clearance. This phenomenon extends beyond β-amyloid and tau, with interactions of sleep impairment with the homeostasis of TDP-43, α-synuclein, FUS, and huntingtin proteins, implicating sleep loss as an important consideration in an array of neurodegenerative diseases and in cases of mixed neuropathology. Critically, the dynamics of this interaction in the neurodegenerative environment are not fully elucidated and are deserving of further discussion and research. Finally, we propose sleep-enhancing therapeutics as potential interventions for promoting healthy proteostasis, including β-amyloid and tau clearance, mechanistically linking these processes. With further clinical and preclinical research, we propose this dynamic interaction as a diagnostic and therapeutic framework, informing precise single- and combinatorial-treatments for Alzheimer's disease and other brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Daniel Morrone
- Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College St., Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada.
| | - Radha Raghuraman
- Taub Institute, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630W 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630W 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - S Abid Hussaini
- Taub Institute, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630W 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630W 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
| | - Wai Haung Yu
- Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College St., Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada.
- Geriatric Mental Health Research Services, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College St., Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada.
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada.
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Qiu X, Li L, Wei J, An X, Ampadu JA, Zheng W, Yu C, Peng C, Li X, Cai X. The protective role of Nrf2 on cognitive impairment in chronic intermittent hypoxia and sleep fragmentation mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 116:109813. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.109813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
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Halder P, Mitra P. Human prion protein: exploring the thermodynamic stability and structural dynamics of its pathogenic mutants. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022; 40:11274-11290. [PMID: 34338141 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.1957715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Human familial prion diseases are known to be associated with different single-point mutants of the gene coding for prion protein with a primary focus at several locations of the globular domain. We have identified 12 different single-point pathogenic mutants of human prion protein (HuPrP) with the help of extensive perturbations/mutation technique at multiple locations of HuPrP sequence related to potentiality towards conformational disorders. Among these, some of the mutants include pathogenic variants that corroborate well with the literature reported proteins while majority include some unique single-point mutants that are either not explicitly studied early or studied for variants with different residues at the specific position. Primarily, our study sheds light on the unfolding mechanism of the above mentioned mutants in depth. Besides, we could identify some mutants under investigation that demonstrates not only unfolding of the helical structures but also extension and generation of the β-sheet structures and or simultaneously have highly exposed hydrophobic surface which is assumed to be linked with the production of aggregate/fibril structures of the prion protein. Among the identified mutants, Q212E needs special attention due to its maximum exposure of hydrophobic core towards solvent and E200Q is found to be important due to its maximum extent of β-content. We are also able to identify different respective structural conformations of the proteins according to their degree of structural unfolding and those conformations can be extracted and further studied in detail. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puspita Halder
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India
| | - Pralay Mitra
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India
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Wang Y, Liu Z, Wei J, Di L, Wang S, Wu T, Li N. Norlignans and phenolics from genus Curculigo protect corticosterone-injured neuroblastoma cells SH-SY5Y by inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress-mitochondria pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 296:115430. [PMID: 35659626 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The plants of genus Curculigo are divided into the Section Curculigo and the Section Capitulata, which are mainly distributed in southeastern and southwestern China. Various ancient chinese books record that these plants were used as an important herb for tonifying kidney yang. Traditional Chinese medicine often draws on this property to treat depression syndrome. Thus genus Curculigo has potential for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases (ND). The study showed that phenolics were the main characteristic components of plants in the Section Curculigo, represented by orcinol glucoside and curculigoside; the norlignans, with Ph-C5-Ph as the basic backbone, were the main characteristic components of the Section Capitulata. However, there is a lack of sufficient scientific evidence as to whether these two types of ingredients have neuroprotective effects. AIM OF THE STUDY To determine the neuroprotective effects of phenolics and norlignans in genus Curculigo on human neuroblastoma cells SH-SY5Y. To discuss their structure-activity relationship and screen for compounds with high activity and neuroprotective effects. To reveal that the amelioration of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress by two classes of compounds is mediated by the PERK/eIF2α/ATF4 pathway. MATERIALS AND METHODS The cytotoxicity of 17 compounds was assayed by MTT. SH-SY5Y cells were damaged by corticosterone (Cort) (200 μM) for 24 h and then co-administered with 17 compounds (0.1-100 μM) and Cort (200 μM) for 24 h. Cell survival was determined by MTT assay. Apoptosis rate, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were detected using flow cytometry. Intracellular Ca2+ levels were detected using a fluorescent probe. Cellular mitochondrial and ER damage was observed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). ER stress and apoptotic pathway-related proteins (BiP, CHOP, cleaved caspase-3, cleaved caspase-9, Bax/Bcl-2), and the expression level of PERK/eIF2α/ATF4 pathway was measured via western blot (WB). RESULTS The experimental data showed that Cort treatment of SH-SY5Y cells resulted in decreased cell survival and increased apoptosis, mitochondrial depolarization, ROS, and intracellular Ca2+ levels. The co-action of 17 compounds and Cort for a period of time significantly increased cell survival. Compounds 3, 7, 12, 13 also reduced apoptosis rate, mitochondrial depolarization, ROS and intracellular Ca2+ levels in the subsequent experiments. In addition, TEM observed that Cort caused mitochondrial and ER damage, and the damage was improved after treatment. WB analysis obtained that Cort increased the expression of apoptotic and ER stress-related proteins and activated pathway expression. However, in the presence of compounds 3, 7, 12, 13, the expression of BiP, CHOP, cleaved caspase-3, cleaved caspase-9, and Bax/Bcl-2 was significantly reduced, and the phosphorylation of PERK and eIF2α and the expression of ATF4 were inhibited. CONCLUSION This study found that one phenolic (3) and three norlignans (7, 12, 13) from genus Curculigo have significant neuroprotective effects. The results of the structure-activity relationship indicated that the glucosyl polymeric norlignans and the phenolics with benzoic acid as the parent nucleus were more active. The neuroprotective effect of three norlignans is the latest discovery. This finding has important research value in the field of prevention and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
| | - Zhenzhen Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
| | - Juanru Wei
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
| | - Lei Di
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
| | - Sheng Wang
- Center for Scientific Research of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
| | - Tingni Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
| | - Ning Li
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
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Mitroi DN, Tian M, Kawaguchi R, Lowry WE, Carmichael ST. Single-nucleus transcriptome analysis reveals disease- and regeneration-associated endothelial cells in white matter vascular dementia. J Cell Mol Med 2022; 26:3183-3195. [PMID: 35543222 PMCID: PMC9170821 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vascular dementia (VaD) is the accumulation of vascular lesions in the subcortical white matter of the brain. These lesions progress and there is no direct medical therapy. AIMS To determine the specific cellular responses in VaD so as to provide molecular targets for therapeutic development. MATERIALS AND METHODS Single-nucleus transcriptome analysis was performed in human periventricular white matter (PVWM) samples of VaD and normal control (NC) subjects. RESULTS Differential analysis shows that cell type-specific transcriptomic changes in VaD are associated with the disruption of specific biological processes, including angiogenesis, immune activation, axonal injury and myelination. Each cell type in the neurovascular unit within white matter has a specific alteration in gene expression in VaD. In a central cell type for this disease, subcluster analysis of endothelial cells (EC) indicates that VaD contains a disease-associated EC subcluster that expresses genes associated with programmed cell death and a response to protein folding. Two other subpopulations of EC in VaD express molecular systems associated with regenerative processes in angiogenesis, and in axonal sprouting and oligodendrocyte progenitor cell maturation. CONCLUSION This comprehensive molecular profiling of brain samples from patients with VaD reveals previously unknown molecular changes in cells of the neurovascular niche, and an attempt at regeneration in injured white matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel N. Mitroi
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral SciencesDavid Geffen School of Medicine at UCLALos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Min Tian
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral SciencesDavid Geffen School of Medicine at UCLALos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Riki Kawaguchi
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral SciencesDavid Geffen School of Medicine at UCLALos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - William E. Lowry
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental BiologyUCLALos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - S. Thomas Carmichael
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral SciencesDavid Geffen School of Medicine at UCLALos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
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Hafycz JM, Strus E, Naidoo N. Reducing ER stress with chaperone therapy reverses sleep fragmentation and cognitive decline in aged mice. Aging Cell 2022; 21:e13598. [PMID: 35488730 PMCID: PMC9197403 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
As the aging population grows, the need to understand age-related changes in health is vital. Two prominent behavioral changes that occur with age are disrupted sleep and impaired cognition. Sleep disruptions lead to perturbations in proteostasis and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in mice. Further, consolidated sleep and protein synthesis are necessary for memory formation. With age, the molecular mechanisms that relieve cellular stress and ensure proper protein folding become less efficient. It is unclear if a causal relationship links proteostasis, sleep quality, and cognition in aging. Here, we used a mouse model of aging to determine if supplementing chaperone levels reduces ER stress and improves sleep quality and memory. We administered the chemical chaperone 4-phenyl butyrate (PBA) to aged and young mice, and monitored sleep and cognitive behavior. We found that chaperone treatment consolidates sleep and wake, and improves learning in aged mice. These data correlate with reduced ER stress in the cortex and hippocampus of aged mice. Chaperone treatment increased p-CREB, which is involved in memory formation and synaptic plasticity, in hippocampi of chaperone-treated aged mice. Hippocampal overexpression of the endogenous chaperone, binding immunoglobulin protein (BiP), improved cognition, reduced ER stress, and increased p-CREB in aged mice, suggesting that supplementing BiP levels are sufficient to restore some cognitive function. Together, these results indicate that restoring proteostasis improves sleep and cognition in a wild-type mouse model of aging. The implications of these results could have an impact on the development of therapies to improve health span across the aging population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M. Hafycz
- Chronobiology and Sleep Institute and Department of MedicinePerelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Ewa Strus
- Chronobiology and Sleep Institute and Department of MedicinePerelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Nirinjini Naidoo
- Chronobiology and Sleep Institute and Department of MedicinePerelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
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Sommerlad A, Werbeloff N, Perera G, Smith T, Costello H, Mueller C, Kormilitzin A, Broadbent M, Nevado-Holgado A, Lovestone S, Stewart R, Livingston G. Effect of trazodone on cognitive decline in people with dementia: Cohort study using UK routinely collected data. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2021; 37. [PMID: 34564898 DOI: 10.1002/gps.5625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Evidence in mouse models has found that the antidepressant trazodone may be protective against neurodegeneration. We therefore aimed to compare cognitive decline of people with dementia taking trazodone with those taking other antidepressants. METHODS Three identical naturalistic cohort studies using UK clinical registers. We included all people with dementia assessed during 2008-16 who were recorded taking trazodone, citalopram or mirtazapine for at least 6 weeks. Linear mixed models examined age, time and sex-adjusted Mini-mental state examination (MMSE) change in people with all-cause dementia taking trazodone compared with those taking citalopram and mirtazapine. In secondary analyses, we examined those with non-vascular dementia; mild dementia; and adjusted results for neuropsychiatric symptoms. We combined results from the three study sites using random-effects meta-analysis. RESULTS We included 2,199 people with dementia, including 406 taking trazodone, with mean 2.2 years follow-up. There was no difference in adjusted cognitive decline in people with all-cause or non-vascular dementia taking trazodone, citalopram or mirtazapine in any of the three study sites. When data from the three sites were combined in meta-analysis, we found greater mean MMSE decline in people with all-cause dementia taking trazodone compared to those taking citalopram (0·26 points per successive MMSE measurement, 95% CI 0·03-0·49; p = 0·03). Results in sensitivity analyses were consistent with primary analyses. CONCLUSIONS There was no evidence of cognitive benefit from trazodone compared to other antidepressants in people with dementia in three naturalistic cohort studies. Despite preclinical evidence, trazodone should not be advocated for cognition in dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Sommerlad
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
- Camden and Islington NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Nomi Werbeloff
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
- Camden and Islington NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- The Louis and Gabi Weisfeld School of Social Work, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Gayan Perera
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Tanya Smith
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Harry Costello
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK
| | - Christoph Mueller
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | | | | | - Alejo Nevado-Holgado
- Mathematical Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Simon Lovestone
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Johnson and Johnson Medical Ltd., Janssen-Cilag, High Wycombe, UK
| | - Robert Stewart
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Gill Livingston
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
- Camden and Islington NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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11
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López-Doménech G, Howden JH, Covill-Cooke C, Morfill C, Patel JV, Bürli R, Crowther D, Birsa N, Brandon NJ, Kittler JT. Loss of neuronal Miro1 disrupts mitophagy and induces hyperactivation of the integrated stress response. EMBO J 2021; 40:e100715. [PMID: 34152608 PMCID: PMC8280823 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2018100715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Clearance of mitochondria following damage is critical for neuronal homeostasis. Here, we investigate the role of Miro proteins in mitochondrial turnover by the PINK1/Parkin mitochondrial quality control system in vitro and in vivo. We find that upon mitochondrial damage, Miro is promiscuously ubiquitinated on multiple lysine residues. Genetic deletion of Miro or block of Miro1 ubiquitination and subsequent degradation lead to delayed translocation of the E3 ubiquitin ligase Parkin onto damaged mitochondria and reduced mitochondrial clearance in both fibroblasts and cultured neurons. Disrupted mitophagy in vivo, upon post-natal knockout of Miro1 in hippocampus and cortex, leads to a dramatic increase in mitofusin levels, the appearance of enlarged and hyperfused mitochondria and hyperactivation of the integrated stress response (ISR). Altogether, our results provide new insights into the central role of Miro1 in the regulation of mitochondrial homeostasis and further implicate Miro1 dysfunction in the pathogenesis of human neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jack H Howden
- Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Corinne Morfill
- Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jigna V Patel
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Roland Bürli
- Neuroscience, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Nicol Birsa
- UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
| | | | - Josef T Kittler
- Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London, UK
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12
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Popovic R, Celardo I, Yu Y, Costa AC, Loh SHY, Martins LM. Combined Transcriptomic and Proteomic Analysis of Perk Toxicity Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4598. [PMID: 33925631 PMCID: PMC8124185 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In Drosophila, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress activates the protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (dPerk). dPerk can also be activated by defective mitochondria in fly models of Parkinson's disease caused by mutations in pink1 or parkin. The Perk branch of the unfolded protein response (UPR) has emerged as a major toxic process in neurodegenerative disorders causing a chronic reduction in vital proteins and neuronal death. In this study, we combined microarray analysis and quantitative proteomics analysis in adult flies overexpressing dPerk to investigate the relationship between the transcriptional and translational response to dPerk activation. We identified tribbles and Heat shock protein 22 as two novel Drosophila activating transcription factor 4 (dAtf4) regulated transcripts. Using a combined bioinformatics tool kit, we demonstrated that the activation of dPerk leads to translational repression of mitochondrial proteins associated with glutathione and nucleotide metabolism, calcium signalling and iron-sulphur cluster biosynthesis. Further efforts to enhance these translationally repressed dPerk targets might offer protection against Perk toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - L. Miguel Martins
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Gleeson Building, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK; (R.P.); (I.C.); (Y.Y.); (A.C.C.); (S.H.Y.L.)
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13
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Axonal Organelles as Molecular Platforms for Axon Growth and Regeneration after Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041798. [PMID: 33670312 PMCID: PMC7918155 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Investigating the molecular mechanisms governing developmental axon growth has been a useful approach for identifying new strategies for boosting axon regeneration after injury, with the goal of treating debilitating conditions such as spinal cord injury and vision loss. The picture emerging is that various axonal organelles are important centers for organizing the molecular mechanisms and machinery required for growth cone development and axon extension, and these have recently been targeted to stimulate robust regeneration in the injured adult central nervous system (CNS). This review summarizes recent literature highlighting a central role for organelles such as recycling endosomes, the endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, lysosomes, autophagosomes and the proteasome in developmental axon growth, and describes how these organelles can be targeted to promote axon regeneration after injury to the adult CNS. This review also examines the connections between these organelles in developing and regenerating axons, and finally discusses the molecular mechanisms within the axon that are required for successful axon growth.
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14
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Integrated stress response inhibition provides sex-dependent protection against noise-induced cochlear synaptopathy. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18063. [PMID: 33093490 PMCID: PMC7582887 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75058-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) is a common health concern with significant social, psychological, and cognitive implications. Moderate levels of acoustic overstimulation associated with tinnitus and impaired speech perception cause cochlear synaptopathy, characterized physiologically by reduction in wave I of the suprathreshold auditory brainstem response (ABR) and reduced number of synapses between sensory hair cells and auditory neurons. The unfolded protein response (UPR), an endoplasmic reticulum stress response pathway, has been implicated in the pathogenesis and treatment of NIHL as well as neurodegeneration and synaptic damage in the brain. In this study, we used the small molecule UPR modulator Integrated Stress Response InhiBitor (ISRIB) to treat noise-induced cochlear synaptopathy in a mouse model. Mice pretreated with ISRIB prior to noise-exposure were protected against noise-induced synapse loss. Male, but not female, mice also exhibited ISRIB-mediated protection against noise-induced suprathreshold ABR wave-I amplitude reduction. Female mice had higher baseline wave-I amplitudes but greater sensitivity to noise-induced wave-I reduction. Our results suggest that the UPR is implicated in noise-induced cochlear synaptopathy, and can be targeted for treatment.
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15
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Abstract
It is increasingly recognized that local protein synthesis (LPS) contributes to fundamental aspects of axon biology, in both developing and mature neurons. Mutations in RNA-binding proteins (RBPs), as central players in LPS, and other proteins affecting RNA localization and translation are associated with a range of neurological disorders, suggesting disruption of LPS may be of pathological significance. In this review, we substantiate this hypothesis by examining the link between LPS and key axonal processes, and the implicated pathophysiological consequences of dysregulated LPS. First, we describe how the length and autonomy of axons result in an exceptional reliance on LPS. We next discuss the roles of LPS in maintaining axonal structural and functional polarity and axonal trafficking. We then consider how LPS facilitates the establishment of neuronal connectivity through regulation of axonal branching and pruning, how it mediates axonal survival into adulthood and its involvement in neuronal stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Qiaojin Lin
- UK Dementia Research Institute at University of Cambridge, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Island Research Building, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Christine E Holt
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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16
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Govindarajulu M, Pinky PD, Steinke I, Bloemer J, Ramesh S, Kariharan T, Rella RT, Bhattacharya S, Dhanasekaran M, Suppiramaniam V, Amin RH. Gut Metabolite TMAO Induces Synaptic Plasticity Deficits by Promoting Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress. Front Mol Neurosci 2020; 13:138. [PMID: 32903435 PMCID: PMC7437142 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2020.00138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysbiosis of gut microbiota is strongly associated with metabolic diseases including diabetes mellitus, obesity, and cardiovascular disease. Recent studies indicate that Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), a gut microbe-dependent metabolite is implicated in the development of age-related cognitive decline. However, the mechanisms of the impact of TMAO on neuronal function has not been elucidated. In the current study, we investigated the relationship between TMAO and deficits in synaptic plasticity in an Alzheimer’s model (3×Tg-AD) and insulin resistance (Leptin deficient db/db) mouse by measuring plasma and brain levels of TMAO. We observed increased TMAO levels in the plasma and brain of both db/db and 3×Tg-AD mice in comparison to wild-type mice. Besides, TMAO levels further increased as mice progressed in age. Deficits in synaptic plasticity, in the form of reduced long-term potentiation (LTP), were noted in both groups of mice in comparison to wild-type mice. To further explore the impact of TMAO on neuronal function, we utilized an ex-vivo model by incubating wild-type hippocampal brain slices with TMAO and found impaired synaptic transmission. We observed that TMAO induced the PERK-EIF2α-ER stress signaling axis in TMAO treated ex-vivo slices as well as in both db/db and 3×Tg-AD mice. Lastly, we also observed altered presynaptic and reduced postsynaptic receptor expression. Our findings suggest that TMAO may induce deficits in synaptic plasticity through the ER stress-mediated PERK signaling pathway. Our results offer novel insight into the mechanism by which TMAO may induce cognitive deficits by promoting ER stress and identifies potential targets for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Govindarajulu
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States.,Center for Neuroscience, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Priyanka D Pinky
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States.,Center for Neuroscience, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Ian Steinke
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Jenna Bloemer
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States.,Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Touro College of Pharmacy, New York, NY, United States
| | - Sindhu Ramesh
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States.,Center for Neuroscience, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Thiruchelvan Kariharan
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Robert T Rella
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Subhrajit Bhattacharya
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States.,Center for Neuroscience, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Muralikrishnan Dhanasekaran
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States.,Center for Neuroscience, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Vishnu Suppiramaniam
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States.,Center for Neuroscience, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Rajesh H Amin
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States.,Center for Neuroscience, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
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17
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Rabouw HH, Visser LJ, Passchier TC, Langereis MA, Liu F, Giansanti P, van Vliet ALW, Dekker JG, van der Grein SG, Saucedo JG, Anand AA, Trellet ME, Bonvin AMJJ, Walter P, Heck AJR, de Groot RJ, van Kuppeveld FJM. Inhibition of the integrated stress response by viral proteins that block p-eIF2-eIF2B association. Nat Microbiol 2020; 5:1361-1373. [PMID: 32690955 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-020-0759-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Eukaryotic cells, when exposed to environmental or internal stress, activate the integrated stress response (ISR) to restore homeostasis and promote cell survival. Specific stress stimuli prompt dedicated stress kinases to phosphorylate eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2). Phosphorylated eIF2 (p-eIF2) in turn sequesters the eIF2-specific guanine exchange factor eIF2B to block eIF2 recycling, thereby halting translation initiation and reducing global protein synthesis. To circumvent stress-induced translational shutdown, viruses encode ISR antagonists. Those identified so far prevent or reverse eIF2 phosphorylation. We now describe two viral proteins-one from a coronavirus and the other from a picornavirus-that have independently acquired the ability to counteract the ISR at its very core by acting as a competitive inhibitor of p-eIF2-eIF2B interaction. This allows continued formation of the eIF2-GTP-Met-tRNAi ternary complex and unabated global translation at high p-eIF2 levels that would otherwise cause translational arrest. We conclude that eIF2 and p-eIF2 differ in their interaction with eIF2B to such effect that p-eIF2-eIF2B association can be selectively inhibited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huib H Rabouw
- Virology Division, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Linda J Visser
- Virology Division, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Tim C Passchier
- Virology Division, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Martijn A Langereis
- Virology Division, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Fan Liu
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Centre for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.,Department of Chemical Biology, Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Berlin, Germany
| | - Piero Giansanti
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Centre for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.,Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Arno L W van Vliet
- Virology Division, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - José G Dekker
- Virology Division, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Susanne G van der Grein
- Virology Division, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jesús G Saucedo
- Virology Division, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Aditya A Anand
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Mikael E Trellet
- Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Alexandre M J J Bonvin
- Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Peter Walter
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Albert J R Heck
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Centre for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Raoul J de Groot
- Virology Division, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Frank J M van Kuppeveld
- Virology Division, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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18
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Cai M, Hu JY, Liu BB, Li JJ, Li F, Lou S. The Molecular Mechanisms of Excessive Hippocampal Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Depressing Cognition-related Proteins Expression and the Regulatory Effects of Nrf2. Neuroscience 2020; 431:152-165. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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19
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Rozpędek-Kamińska W, Siwecka N, Wawrzynkiewicz A, Wojtczak R, Pytel D, Diehl JA, Majsterek I. The PERK-Dependent Molecular Mechanisms as a Novel Therapeutic Target for Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21062108. [PMID: 32204380 PMCID: PMC7139310 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21062108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Higher prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases is strictly connected with progressive aging of the world population. Interestingly, a broad range of age-related, neurodegenerative diseases is characterized by a common pathological mechanism-accumulation of misfolded and unfolded proteins within the cells. Under certain circumstances, such protein aggregates may evoke endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress conditions and subsequent activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR) signaling pathways via the protein kinase RNA-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK)-dependent manner. Under mild to moderate ER stress, UPR has a pro-adaptive role. However, severe or long-termed ER stress conditions directly evoke shift of the UPR toward its pro-apoptotic branch, which is considered to be a possible cause of neurodegeneration. To this day, there is no effective cure for Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD), or prion disease. Currently available treatment approaches for these diseases are only symptomatic and cannot affect the disease progression. Treatment strategies, currently under detailed research, include inhibition of the PERK-dependent UPR signaling branches. The newest data have reported that the use of small-molecule inhibitors of the PERK-mediated signaling branches may contribute to the development of a novel, ground-breaking therapeutic approach for neurodegeneration. In this review, we critically describe all the aspects associated with such targeted therapy against neurodegenerative proteopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wioletta Rozpędek-Kamińska
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419 Lodz, Poland; (W.R.-K.); (N.S.); (A.W.); (R.W.)
| | - Natalia Siwecka
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419 Lodz, Poland; (W.R.-K.); (N.S.); (A.W.); (R.W.)
| | - Adam Wawrzynkiewicz
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419 Lodz, Poland; (W.R.-K.); (N.S.); (A.W.); (R.W.)
| | - Radosław Wojtczak
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419 Lodz, Poland; (W.R.-K.); (N.S.); (A.W.); (R.W.)
| | - Dariusz Pytel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; (D.P.); (J.A.D.)
| | - J. Alan Diehl
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; (D.P.); (J.A.D.)
| | - Ireneusz Majsterek
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419 Lodz, Poland; (W.R.-K.); (N.S.); (A.W.); (R.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-42-272-53-00
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20
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Mostajo-Radji MA, Schmitz MT, Montoya ST, Pollen AA. Reverse engineering human brain evolution using organoid models. Brain Res 2020; 1729:146582. [PMID: 31809699 PMCID: PMC7058376 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.146582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Primate brains vary dramatically in size and organization, but the genetic and developmental basis for these differences has been difficult to study due to lack of experimental models. Pluripotent stem cells and brain organoids provide a potential opportunity for comparative and functional studies of evolutionary differences, particularly during the early stages of neurogenesis. However, many challenges remain, including isolating stem cell lines from additional great ape individuals and species to capture the breadth of ape genetic diversity, improving the reproducibility of organoid models to study evolved differences in cell composition and combining multiple brain regions to capture connectivity relationships. Here, we describe strategies for identifying evolved developmental differences between humans and non-human primates and for isolating the underlying cellular and genetic mechanisms using comparative analyses, chimeric organoid culture, and genome engineering. In particular, we focus on how organoid models could ultimately be applied beyond studies of progenitor cell evolution to decode the origin of recent changes in cellular organization, connectivity patterns, myelination, synaptic development, and physiology that have been implicated in human cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed A Mostajo-Radji
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Matthew T Schmitz
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Sebastian Torres Montoya
- Health Co-creation Laboratory, Medellin General Hospital, Medellin, Antioquia, Colombia; Baskin School of Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Alex A Pollen
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
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21
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da Silva DC, Valentão P, Andrade PB, Pereira DM. Endoplasmic reticulum stress signaling in cancer and neurodegenerative disorders: Tools and strategies to understand its complexity. Pharmacol Res 2020; 155:104702. [PMID: 32068119 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) comprises a network of tubules and vesicles that constitutes the largest organelle of the eukaryotic cell. Being the location where most proteins are synthesized and folded, it is crucial for the upkeep of cellular homeostasis. Disturbed ER homeostasis triggers the activation of a conserved molecular machinery, termed the unfolded protein response (UPR), that comprises three major signaling branches, initiated by the protein kinase RNA-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK), inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1) and the activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6). Given the impact of this intricate signaling network upon an extensive list of cellular processes, including protein turnover and autophagy, ER stress is involved in the onset and progression of multiple diseases, including cancer and neurodegenerative disorders. There is, for this reason, an increasing number of publications focused on characterizing and/or modulating ER stress, which have resulted in a wide array of techniques employed to study ER-related molecular events. This review aims to sum up the essentials on the current knowledge of the molecular biology of endoplasmic reticulum stress, while highlighting the available tools used in studies of this nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Correia da Silva
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-213, Porto, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Valentão
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-213, Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula B Andrade
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-213, Porto, Portugal
| | - David M Pereira
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-213, Porto, Portugal.
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22
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Rossi S, Rompietti V, Antonucci Y, Giovannini D, Scopa C, Scaricamazza S, Scardigli R, Cestra G, Serafino A, Carrì MT, D'Ambrosi N, Cozzolino M. UsnRNP trafficking is regulated by stress granules and compromised by mutant ALS proteins. Neurobiol Dis 2020; 138:104792. [PMID: 32027933 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2020.104792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of the integrated stress response (ISR), alterations in nucleo-cytoplasmic (N/C) transport and changes in alternative splicing regulation are all common traits of the pathogenesis of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). However, whether these processes act independently from each other, or are part of a coordinated mechanism of gene expression regulation that is affected in pathogenic conditions, is still rather undefined. To answer these questions, in this work we set out to characterise the functional connections existing between ISR activation and nucleo-cytosol trafficking and nuclear localization of spliceosomal U-rich small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (UsnRNPs), the core constituents of the spliceosome, and to study how ALS-linked mutant proteins affect this interplay. Activation of the ISR induces a profound reorganization of nuclear Gems and Cajal bodies, the membrane-less particles that assist UsnRNP maturation and storage. This effect requires the cytoplasmic assembly of SGs and is associated to the disturbance of the nuclear import of UsnRNPs by the snurportin-1/importin-β1 system. Notably, these effects are reversed by both inhibiting the ISR or upregulating importin-β1. This indicates that SGs are major determinants of Cajal bodies assembly and that the modulation of N/C trafficking of UsnRNPs might control alternative splicing in response to stress. Importantly, the dismantling of nuclear Gems and Cajal bodies by ALS-linked mutant FUS or C9orf72-derived dipeptide repeat proteins is halted by overexpression of importin-β1, but not by inhibition of the ISR. This suggests that changes in the nuclear localization of the UsnRNP complexes induced by mutant ALS proteins are uncoupled from ISR activation, and that defects in the N/C trafficking of UsnRNPs might play a role in ALS pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Rossi
- Istituto di Farmacologia Traslazionale (IFT), CNR, 00133 Rome, Italy; Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Roma "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy.
| | | | - Ylenia Antonucci
- Istituto di Farmacologia Traslazionale (IFT), CNR, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Chiara Scopa
- European Brain Research Institute (EBRI), Rome, Italy
| | | | - Raffaella Scardigli
- Istituto di Farmacologia Traslazionale (IFT), CNR, 00133 Rome, Italy; European Brain Research Institute (EBRI), Rome, Italy
| | - Gianluca Cestra
- Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari (IBPM), CNR, Rome, Italy; Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologia "Charles Darwin", Università di Roma "Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Nadia D'Ambrosi
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Roma "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Cozzolino
- Istituto di Farmacologia Traslazionale (IFT), CNR, 00133 Rome, Italy.
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23
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Díaz-Hung ML, Martínez G, Hetz C. Emerging roles of the unfolded protein response (UPR) in the nervous system: A link with adaptive behavior to environmental stress? INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 350:29-61. [PMID: 32138903 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2020.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Stressors elicit a neuroendocrine response leading to increased levels of glucocorticoids, allowing the organism to adapt to environmental changes and maintain homeostasis. Glucocorticoids have a broad effect in the body, modifying the activity of the immune system, metabolism, and behavior through the activation of receptors in the limbic system. Chronic exposition to stressors operates as a risk factor for psychiatric diseases such as depression and posttraumatic stress disorder. Among the cellular alterations observed as a consequence of environmental stress, alterations to organelle function at the level of mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) are emerging as possible factors contributing to neuronal dysfunction. ER proteostasis alterations elicit the unfolded protein response (UPR), a conserved signaling network that re-establish protein homeostasis. In addition, in the context of brain function, the UPR has been associated to neurodevelopment, synaptic plasticity and neuronal connectivity. Recent studies suggest a role of the UPR in the adaptive behavior to stress, suggesting a mechanistic link between environmental and cellular stress. Here, we revise recent evidence supporting an evolutionary connection between the neuroendocrine system and the UPR to modulate behavioral adaptive responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Li Díaz-Hung
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gabriela Martínez
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudio Hetz
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile; Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, United States.
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24
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López-Pérez Ó, Toivonen JM, Otero A, Solanas L, Zaragoza P, Badiola JJ, Osta R, Bolea R, Martín-Burriel I. Impairment of autophagy in scrapie-infected transgenic mice at the clinical stage. J Transl Med 2020; 100:52-63. [PMID: 31477795 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-019-0312-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy appears to play a role in the etiology and progress of misfolded protein disorders. Although this process is dysregulated in prion diseases, it is unknown whether this impairment is a cause or a consequence of prion neuropathology. The study of autophagy during the progress of the disease could elucidate its role. For this purpose, we have investigated its regulation at different stages of the disease in Tg338 mice, a transgenic murine model that overexpresses the highly susceptible ovine VRQ prion protein allele. Mice were intracerebrally inoculated with mouse-adapted classical scrapie and euthanized at the preclinical and clinical stages of the disease. Regulation of autophagy was investigated analyzing the distribution of LC3-B and p62 proteins by immunohistochemistry. Moreover, the expression of genes involved in autophagy regulation was quantified by real-time PCR. LC3-B and p62 proteins were downregulated and upregulated, respectively, in the central nervous system of infected mice with clinical signs of scrapie. Accumulation of p62 correlated with scrapie-related lesions, suggesting an impairment of autophagy in highly prion-affected areas. In addition, Gas5 (growth arrest-specific 5), Atg5 (autophagy-related 5), and Fbxw7 (F-box and WD repeat domain containing 7) transcripts were downregulated in mesencephalon and cervical spinal cord of the same group of animals. The impairment of autophagic machinery seems to be part of the pathological process of scrapie, but only during the late stage of prion infection. Similarities between Tg338 mice and the natural ovine disease make them a reliable in vivo model to study prion infection and autophagy side by side.
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Affiliation(s)
- Óscar López-Pérez
- Laboratorio de Genética Bioquímica (LAGENBIO), Universidad de Zaragoza, IA2, IIS Aragón, 50013, Zaragoza, Spain.,Centro de Encefalopatías y Enfermedades Transmisibles Emergentes, Universidad de Zaragoza, IA2, IIS Aragón, 50013, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Janne Markus Toivonen
- Laboratorio de Genética Bioquímica (LAGENBIO), Universidad de Zaragoza, IA2, IIS Aragón, 50013, Zaragoza, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alicia Otero
- Centro de Encefalopatías y Enfermedades Transmisibles Emergentes, Universidad de Zaragoza, IA2, IIS Aragón, 50013, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Laura Solanas
- Laboratorio de Genética Bioquímica (LAGENBIO), Universidad de Zaragoza, IA2, IIS Aragón, 50013, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Pilar Zaragoza
- Laboratorio de Genética Bioquímica (LAGENBIO), Universidad de Zaragoza, IA2, IIS Aragón, 50013, Zaragoza, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan José Badiola
- Centro de Encefalopatías y Enfermedades Transmisibles Emergentes, Universidad de Zaragoza, IA2, IIS Aragón, 50013, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Rosario Osta
- Laboratorio de Genética Bioquímica (LAGENBIO), Universidad de Zaragoza, IA2, IIS Aragón, 50013, Zaragoza, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa Bolea
- Centro de Encefalopatías y Enfermedades Transmisibles Emergentes, Universidad de Zaragoza, IA2, IIS Aragón, 50013, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Martín-Burriel
- Laboratorio de Genética Bioquímica (LAGENBIO), Universidad de Zaragoza, IA2, IIS Aragón, 50013, Zaragoza, Spain. .,Centro de Encefalopatías y Enfermedades Transmisibles Emergentes, Universidad de Zaragoza, IA2, IIS Aragón, 50013, Zaragoza, Spain.
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25
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Thangaraj A, Sil S, Tripathi A, Chivero ET, Periyasamy P, Buch S. Targeting endoplasmic reticulum stress and autophagy as therapeutic approaches for neurological diseases. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 350:285-325. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2019.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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26
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Zheng Z, Shang Y, Tao J, Zhang J, Sha B. Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Signaling Pathways: Activation and Diseases. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2019; 20:935-943. [PMID: 31223084 DOI: 10.2174/1389203720666190621103145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Secretory and membrane proteins are folded in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) prior to their exit. When ER function is disturbed by exogenous and endogenous factors, such as heat shock, ultraviolet radiation, hypoxia, or hypoglycemia, the misfolded proteins may accumulate, promoting ER stress. To rescue this unfavorable situation, the unfolded protein response is activated to reduce misfolded proteins within the ER. Upon ER stress, the ER transmembrane sensor molecules inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1), RNA-dependent protein kinase (PKR)-like ER kinase (PERK), and activating transcription factor 6, are activated. Here, we discuss the mechanisms of PERK and IRE1 activation and describe two working models for ER stress initiation: the BiP-dependent model and the ligand-driven model. ER stress activation has been linked to multiple diseases, including cancers, Alzheimer's disease, and diabetes. Thus, the regulation of ER stress may provide potential therapeutic targets for these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Zheng
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology (CDIB), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States.,Department of General Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, 95 Yong-an Road, Xi-Cheng District, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yuxi Shang
- Department of Hematology, Fuxing Hospital, Eighth Clinical Medical College, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Jiahui Tao
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology (CDIB), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, 95 Yong-an Road, Xi-Cheng District, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Bingdong Sha
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology (CDIB), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States
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27
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Abstract
The discovery that repeat expansions in the C9orf72 gene are a frequent cause of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) has revolutionized our understanding of these diseases. Substantial headway has been made in characterizing C9orf72-mediated disease and unravelling its underlying aetiopathogenesis. Three main disease mechanisms have been proposed: loss of function of the C9orf72 protein and toxic gain of function from C9orf72 repeat RNA or from dipeptide repeat proteins produced by repeat-associated non-ATG translation. Several downstream processes across a range of cellular functions have also been implicated. In this article, we review the pathological and mechanistic features of C9orf72-associated FTD and ALS (collectively termed C9FTD/ALS), the model systems used to study these conditions, and the probable initiators of downstream disease mechanisms. We suggest that a combination of upstream mechanisms involving both loss and gain of function and downstream cellular pathways involving both cell-autonomous and non-cell-autonomous effects contributes to disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubika Balendra
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK.,Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, Institute of Healthy Ageing, UCL, London, UK
| | - Adrian M Isaacs
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK. .,UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK.
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28
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Targeting the neuronal calcium sensor DREAM with small-molecules for Huntington's disease treatment. Sci Rep 2019; 9:7260. [PMID: 31086218 PMCID: PMC6514012 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43677-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
DREAM, a neuronal calcium sensor protein, has multiple cellular roles including the regulation of Ca2+ and protein homeostasis. We recently showed that reduced DREAM expression or blockade of DREAM activity by repaglinide is neuroprotective in Huntington’s disease (HD). Here we used structure-based drug design to guide the identification of IQM-PC330, which was more potent and had longer lasting effects than repaglinide to inhibit DREAM in cellular and in vivo HD models. We disclosed and validated an unexplored ligand binding site, showing Tyr118 and Tyr130 as critical residues for binding and modulation of DREAM activity. IQM-PC330 binding de-repressed c-fos gene expression, silenced the DREAM effect on KV4.3 channel gating and blocked the ATF6/DREAM interaction. Our results validate DREAM as a valuable target and propose more effective molecules for HD treatment.
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29
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Small molecule ISRIB suppresses the integrated stress response within a defined window of activation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:2097-2102. [PMID: 30674674 PMCID: PMC6369741 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1815767116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The integrated stress response (ISR) protects cells from a variety of harmful stressors by temporarily halting protein synthesis. However, chronic ISR activation has pathological consequences and is linked to several neurological disorders. Pharmacological inhibition of chronic ISR activity emerges as a powerful strategy to treat ISR-mediated neurodegeneration but is typically linked to adverse effects due to the ISR’s importance for normal cellular function. Paradoxically, the small-molecule ISR inhibitor ISRIB has promising therapeutic potential in vivo without overt side effects. We demonstrate here that ISRIB inhibits low-level ISR activity, but does not affect strong ISR signaling. We thereby provide a plausible mechanism of how ISRIB counteracts toxic chronic ISR activity, without disturbing the cytoprotective effects of a strong acute ISR. Activation of the integrated stress response (ISR) by a variety of stresses triggers phosphorylation of the α-subunit of translation initiation factor eIF2. P-eIF2α inhibits eIF2B, the guanine nucleotide exchange factor that recycles inactive eIF2•GDP to active eIF2•GTP. eIF2 phosphorylation thereby represses translation. Persistent activation of the ISR has been linked to the development of several neurological disorders, and modulation of the ISR promises new therapeutic strategies. Recently, a small-molecule ISR inhibitor (ISRIB) was identified that rescues translation in the presence of P-eIF2α by facilitating the assembly of more active eIF2B. ISRIB enhances cognitive memory processes and has therapeutic effects in brain-injured mice without displaying overt side effects. While using ISRIB to investigate the ISR in picornavirus-infected cells, we observed that ISRIB rescued translation early in infection when P-eIF2α levels were low, but not late in infection when P-eIF2α levels were high. By treating cells with varying concentrations of poly(I:C) or arsenite to induce the ISR, we provide additional proof that ISRIB is unable to inhibit the ISR when intracellular P-eIF2α concentrations exceed a critical threshold level. Together, our data demonstrate that the effects of pharmacological activation of eIF2B are tuned by P-eIF2α concentration. Thus, ISRIB can mitigate undesirable outcomes of low-level ISR activation that may manifest neurological disease but leaves the cytoprotective effects of acute ISR activation intact. The insensitivity of cells to ISRIB during acute ISR may explain why ISRIB does not cause overt toxic side effects in vivo.
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Abstract
The brain undergoes several changes at structural, molecular, and cellular levels leading to alteration in its functions and these processes are primarily maintained by proteostasis in cells. However, an imbalance in proteostasis due to the abnormal accumulation of protein aggregates induces endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. This event, in turn, activate the unfolded protein response; however, in most neurodegenerative conditions and brain injury, an uncontrolled unfolded protein response elicits memory dysfunction. Although the underlying signaling mechanism for impairment of memory function following induction of ER stress remains elusive, recent studies have highlighted that inactivation of a transcription factor, CREB, which is essential for synaptic function and memory formation, plays an essential role for ER stress-induced synaptic and memory dysfunction. In this review, current studies and most updated view on how ER stress affects memory function in both physiological and pathological conditions will be highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilkantha Sen
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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31
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Maina MB, Bailey LJ, Doherty AJ, Serpell LC. The Involvement of Aβ42 and Tau in Nucleolar and Protein Synthesis Machinery Dysfunction. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:220. [PMID: 30123109 PMCID: PMC6086011 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia and is distinguished from other dementias by observation of extracellular Amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles, comprised of fibrils of Aβ and tau protein, respectively. At early stages, AD is characterized by minimal neurodegeneration, oxidative stress, nucleolar stress, and altered protein synthesis machinery. It is generally believed that Aβ oligomers are the neurotoxic species and their levels in the AD brain correlate with the severity of dementia suggesting that they play a critical role in the pathogenesis of the disease. Here, we show that the incubation of differentiated human neuroblastoma cells (SHSY5Y) with freshly prepared Aβ42 oligomers initially resulted in oxidative stress and subtle nucleolar stress in the absence of DNA damage or cell death. The presence of exogenous Aβ oligomers resulted in altered nuclear tau levels as well as phosphorylation state, leading to altered distribution of nucleolar tau associated with nucleolar stress. These markers of cellular dysfunction worsen over time alongside a reduction in ribosomal RNA synthesis and processing, a decrease in global level of newly synthesized RNA and reduced protein synthesis. The interplay between Aβ and tau in AD remains intriguing and Aβ toxicity has been linked to tau phosphorylation and changes in localization. These findings provide evidence for the involvement of Aβ42 effects on nucleolar tau and protein synthesis machinery dysfunction in cultured cells. Protein synthesis dysfunction is observed in mild cognitive impairment and early AD in the absence of significant neuronal death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud B Maina
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom.,Department of Human Anatomy, College of Medical Sciences, Gombe State University, Gombe, Nigeria
| | - Laura J Bailey
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Aidan J Doherty
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Louise C Serpell
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom
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32
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Okumura N, Hayashi R, Koizumi N. Perspective of Future Potent Therapies for Fuchs Endothelial Corneal Dystrophy. Open Ophthalmol J 2018; 12:154-163. [PMID: 30123380 PMCID: PMC6062905 DOI: 10.2174/1874364101812010154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 12/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Fuchs Endothelial Corneal Dystrophy (FECD) is a progressive disease that affects the corneal endothelium in both eyes. Recent studies have identified a novel genetic basis for FECD, and basic research findings have provided evidence for its underlying pathophysiology. Since its first description by Ernst Fuchs in 1910, the only therapeutic choice has been corneal transplantation using donor corneas. However, accumulating evidence suggests that a change in this "rule" may be imminent. Conclusions This article reviews the current knowledge of the genetics and pathophysiology of FECD, and it introduces some potent therapeutic modalities that show promise as new treatments for this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Okumura
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Life and Medical Sciences,Doshisha University,Kyotanabe,Japan
| | - Ryousuke Hayashi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Life and Medical Sciences,Doshisha University,Kyotanabe,Japan
| | - Noriko Koizumi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Life and Medical Sciences,Doshisha University,Kyotanabe,Japan
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33
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Rong F, Gao X, Liu K, Wu J. Methotrexate remediates spinal cord injury in vivo and in vitro via suppression of endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptosis. Exp Ther Med 2018; 15:4191-4198. [PMID: 29731818 PMCID: PMC5921236 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.5973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been suggested that endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) may induce apoptosis following spinal cord injury (SCI). Methotrexate (MTX) has been used as a long-term therapy regimen for rheumatoid arthritis. However, it is not clear whether MTX remediates SCI by inhibiting ERS. In the present study, to establish an in vitro ERS cell model, PC12 cells were pre-incubated with triglycerides (TG). MTT assays revealed that treatment with 1, 2.5, 5 and 10 µM TG decreased PC12 cell viability in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, MTX treatment significantly reversed the TG-induced decrease in cell viability and increased apoptosis according to the flow cytometry assay (P<0.05). Notably, western blotting indicated that MTX significantly decreased levels of glucose-regulated protein (GRP)78, CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (CHOP) and caspase-12 expression (P<0.05), which were increased following treatment with TG. Furthermore, the in vivo role of MTX in a rat model of SCI was evaluated. The motor behavioral function of rats was improved following treatment with MTX according to Basso, Beattie and Bresnahan scoring (P<0.05). Terminal deoxynucleotidyl-transferase-mediated dUTP nick end staining indicated that there were no apoptotic cells present in sham rats. In the SCI model group, apoptotic cells were observed at day 7; however, the number of apoptotic cells was reduced following an additional 7 days of MTX administration. Furthermore, levels of ERS-associated proteins, including caspase-3, activating transcription factor 6, serine/threonine-protein kinase/endoribonuclease inositol-requiring enzyme 1 α, eukaryotic initiation factor 2 α and GRP78, were significantly increased following SCI; however, administration of MTX for 7 days significantly reversed this effect (P<0.05, P<0.01 and P<0.001). Therefore, MTX may improve SCI by suppressing ERS-induced apoptosis in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengju Rong
- Department Two of Orthopedics, Hongqi Hospital Affiliated to Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang 157011, P.R. China
| | - Xue Gao
- Department Two of Orthopedics, Hongqi Hospital Affiliated to Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang 157011, P.R. China
| | - Kexin Liu
- Department Two of Orthopedics, Hongqi Hospital Affiliated to Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang 157011, P.R. China
| | - Jintao Wu
- Department Two of Orthopedics, Hongqi Hospital Affiliated to Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang 157011, P.R. China
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34
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López-Hurtado A, Burgos DF, González P, Dopazo XM, González V, Rábano A, Mellström B, Naranjo JR. Inhibition of DREAM-ATF6 interaction delays onset of cognition deficit in a mouse model of Huntington's disease. Mol Brain 2018. [PMID: 29523177 PMCID: PMC5845147 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-018-0359-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcriptional repressor DREAM (downstream regulatory element antagonist modulator) is a multifunctional neuronal calcium sensor (NCS) that controls Ca2+ and protein homeostasis through gene regulation and protein-protein interactions. Downregulation of DREAM is part of an endogenous neuroprotective mechanism that improves ATF6 (activating transcription factor 6) processing, neuronal survival in the striatum, and motor coordination in R6/2 mice, a model of Huntington’s disease (HD). Whether modulation of DREAM activity can also ameliorate cognition deficits in HD mice has not been studied. Moreover, it is not known whether DREAM downregulation in HD is unique, or also occurs for other NCS family members. Using the novel object recognition test, we show that chronic administration of the DREAM-binding molecule repaglinide, or induced DREAM haplodeficiency delays onset of cognitive impairment in R6/1 mice, another HD model. The mechanism involves a notable rise in the levels of transcriptionally active ATF6 protein in the hippocampus after repaglinide administration. In addition, we show that reduction in DREAM protein in the hippocampus of HD patients was not accompanied by downregulation of other NCS family members. Our results indicate that DREAM inhibition markedly improves ATF6 processing in the hippocampus and that it might contribute to a delay in memory decline in HD mice. The mechanism of neuroprotection through DREAM silencing in HD does not apply to other NCS family members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro López-Hurtado
- Spanish Network for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CNB-CSIC, Darwin 3, E-28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel F Burgos
- Spanish Network for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CNB-CSIC, Darwin 3, E-28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paz González
- Spanish Network for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CNB-CSIC, Darwin 3, E-28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Xose M Dopazo
- Spanish Network for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CNB-CSIC, Darwin 3, E-28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Valentina González
- Spanish Network for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Fundación CIEN, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Rábano
- Spanish Network for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Fundación CIEN, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Britt Mellström
- Spanish Network for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CNB-CSIC, Darwin 3, E-28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose R Naranjo
- Spanish Network for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. .,Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CNB-CSIC, Darwin 3, E-28049, Madrid, Spain.
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Kim S, Woo M, Kim M, Noh JS, Song YO. Neuroprotective Effects of the Methanol Extract of Kimchi, a Korean Fermented Vegetable Food, Mediated Via Suppression of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Caspase Cascade Pathways in High-Cholesterol Diet-Fed Mice. J Med Food 2018; 21:489-495. [PMID: 29474123 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2017.4103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-related unfolded peptide accumulation is closely associated with the development of neurodegenerative diseases known as protein misfolding disorders. The antioxidative properties of kimchi, a traditional Korean fermented vegetable dish, have been well established. In this study, the neuroprotective effects of the kimchi methanol extract (KME) were examined in high-cholesterol diet (HCD)-fed mice. The animals were fed a HCD, with oral administration of either KME (KME group, 200 mg·kg bw-1·day-1, n = 10) or distilled water (Control group, n = 10) for 8 weeks. Compared with the levels in the control group, the reactive oxygen species, peroxynitrite, and lipid peroxidation levels in the brain were significantly decreased in the KME group (P < .05), whereas the glutathione level was increased (P < .05). In addition, the ER stress biomarkers, phospho-eukaryotic initiation factor 2 subunit α, glucose-regulated protein 78, X-box binding protein 1, inositol-requiring enzyme 1, and C/EBP homologous protein and the nuclear factor-kappaB-mediated inflammation were significantly reduced in the KME group (P < .05). In contrast, the expression levels of antioxidative enzymes regulated by nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor-2 were elevated (P < .05). The amyloid-beta expression levels of the KME group were lower than that of the control group (P < .05). Moreover, the expression levels of Bcl-2-associated X, and caspases-3 and -9 were downregulated, with a concomitant upregulation of B cell lymphoma 2 (P < .05). Accordingly, KME provide neuronal cell protection via suppressing ER stress and caspase cascade signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serim Kim
- 1 Department of Food Science and Nutrition and Kimchi Research Institute, Pusan National University , Busan, Korea
| | - Minji Woo
- 1 Department of Food Science and Nutrition and Kimchi Research Institute, Pusan National University , Busan, Korea
| | - Mijeong Kim
- 1 Department of Food Science and Nutrition and Kimchi Research Institute, Pusan National University , Busan, Korea
| | - Jeong Sook Noh
- 2 Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Tongmyong University , Busan, Korea
| | - Yeong Ok Song
- 1 Department of Food Science and Nutrition and Kimchi Research Institute, Pusan National University , Busan, Korea
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36
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Rahman S, Archana A, Jan AT, Minakshi R. Dissecting Endoplasmic Reticulum Unfolded Protein Response (UPR ER) in Managing Clandestine Modus Operandi of Alzheimer's Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2018; 10:30. [PMID: 29467648 PMCID: PMC5808164 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2018.00030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disorder, is most common cause of dementia witnessed among aged people. The pathophysiology of AD develops as a consequence of neurofibrillary tangle formation which consists of hyperphosphorylated microtubule associated tau protein and senile plaques of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide in specific brain regions that result in synaptic loss and neuronal death. The feeble buffering capacity of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) proteostasis in AD is evident through alteration in unfolded protein response (UPR), where UPR markers express invariably in AD patient's brain samples. Aging weakens UPRER causing neuropathology and memory loss in AD. This review highlights molecular signatures of UPRER and its key molecular alliance that are affected in aging leading to the development of intriguing neuropathologies in AD. We present a summary of recent studies reporting usage of small molecules as inhibitors or activators of UPRER sensors/effectors in AD that showcase avenues for therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safikur Rahman
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
| | - Ayyagari Archana
- Department of Microbiology, Swami Shraddhanand College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Arif Tasleem Jan
- School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri, India
| | - Rinki Minakshi
- Institute of Home Economics, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
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37
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Yang S, Pascual-Guiral S, Ponce R, Giménez-Llort L, Baltrons MA, Arancio O, Palacio JR, Clos VM, Yuste VJ, Bayascas JR. Reducing the Levels of Akt Activation by PDK1 Knock-in Mutation Protects Neuronal Cultures against Synthetic Amyloid-Beta Peptides. Front Aging Neurosci 2018; 9:435. [PMID: 29358916 PMCID: PMC5766684 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2017.00435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The Akt kinase has been widely assumed for years as a key downstream effector of the PI3K signaling pathway in promoting neuronal survival. This notion was however challenged by the finding that neuronal survival responses were still preserved in mice with reduced Akt activity. Moreover, here we show that the Akt signaling is elevated in the aged brain of two different mice models of Alzheimer Disease. We manipulate the rate of Akt stimulation by employing knock-in mice expressing a mutant form of PDK1 (phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1) with reduced, but not abolished, ability to activate Akt. We found increased membrane localization and activity of the TACE/ADAM17 α-secretase in the brain of the PDK1 mutant mice with concomitant TNFR1 processing, which provided neurons with resistance against TNFα-induced neurotoxicity. Opposite to the Alzheimer Disease transgenic mice, the PDK1 knock-in mice exhibited an age-dependent attenuation of the unfolding protein response, which protected the mutant neurons against endoplasmic reticulum stressors. Moreover, these two mechanisms cooperatively provide the mutant neurons with resistance against amyloid-beta oligomers, and might singularly also contribute to protect these mice against amyloid-beta pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaobin Yang
- Unitat de Bioquímica de Medicina, Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sònia Pascual-Guiral
- Unitat de Bioquímica de Medicina, Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rebeca Ponce
- Unitat de Bioquímica de Medicina, Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lydia Giménez-Llort
- Departament de Psiquiatria i Medicina Legal, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María A. Baltrons
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ottavio Arancio
- Department of Pathology, The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jose R. Palacio
- Departament de Biologia Cel.lular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Victoria M. Clos
- Departament de Farmacologia, Terapèutica i Toxicologia, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Victor J. Yuste
- Unitat de Bioquímica de Medicina, Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jose R. Bayascas
- Unitat de Bioquímica de Medicina, Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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38
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Cheng W, Wang S, Mestre AA, Fu C, Makarem A, Xian F, Hayes LR, Lopez-Gonzalez R, Drenner K, Jiang J, Cleveland DW, Sun S. C9ORF72 GGGGCC repeat-associated non-AUG translation is upregulated by stress through eIF2α phosphorylation. Nat Commun 2018; 9:51. [PMID: 29302060 PMCID: PMC5754368 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-02495-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Hexanucleotide repeat expansion in C9ORF72 is the most frequent cause of both amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Here we demonstrate that the repeat-associated non-AUG (RAN) translation of (GGGGCC) n -containing RNAs into poly-dipeptides can initiate in vivo without a 5'-cap. The primary RNA substrate for RAN translation of C9ORF72 sense repeats is shown to be the spliced first intron, following its excision from the initial pre-mRNA and transport to the cytoplasm. Cap-independent RAN translation is shown to be upregulated by various stress stimuli through phosphorylation of the α subunit of eukaryotic initiation factor-2 (eIF2α), the core event of an integrated stress response (ISR). Compounds inhibiting phospho-eIF2α-signaling pathways are shown to suppress RAN translation. Since the poly-dipeptides can themselves induce stress, these findings support a feedforward loop with initial repeat-mediated toxicity enhancing RAN translation and subsequent production of additional poly-dipeptides through ISR, thereby promoting progressive disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Cheng
- Department of Pathology and Brain Science Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Shaopeng Wang
- Department of Pathology and Brain Science Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Alexander A Mestre
- Department of Pathology and Brain Science Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Chenglai Fu
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Andres Makarem
- Department of Pathology and Brain Science Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Fengfan Xian
- Department of Pathology and Brain Science Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Lindsey R Hayes
- Brain Science Institute and Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Rodrigo Lopez-Gonzalez
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Kevin Drenner
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research and Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Jie Jiang
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research and Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Don W Cleveland
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research and Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Shuying Sun
- Department of Pathology and Brain Science Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
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39
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Abdulrahman BA, Abdelaziz D, Thapa S, Lu L, Jain S, Gilch S, Proniuk S, Zukiwski A, Schatzl HM. The celecoxib derivatives AR-12 and AR-14 induce autophagy and clear prion-infected cells from prions. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17565. [PMID: 29242534 PMCID: PMC5730578 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17770-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Prion diseases are fatal infectious neurodegenerative disorders that affect both humans and animals. The autocatalytic conversion of the cellular prion protein (PrPC) into the pathologic isoform PrPSc is a key feature in prion pathogenesis. AR-12 is an IND-approved derivative of celecoxib that demonstrated preclinical activity against several microbial diseases. Recently, AR-12 has been shown to facilitate clearance of misfolded proteins. The latter proposes AR-12 to be a potential therapeutic agent for neurodegenerative disorders. In this study, we investigated the role of AR-12 and its derivatives in controlling prion infection. We tested AR-12 in prion infected neuronal and non-neuronal cell lines. Immunoblotting and confocal microscopy results showed that AR-12 and its analogue AR-14 reduced PrPSc levels after only 72 hours of treatment. Furthermore, infected cells were cured of PrPSc after exposure of AR-12 or AR-14 for only two weeks. We partially attribute the influence of the AR compounds on prion propagation to autophagy stimulation, in line with our previous findings that drug-induced stimulation of autophagy has anti-prion effects in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, this study demonstrates that AR-12 and the AR-14 analogue are potential new therapeutic agents for prion diseases and possibly protein misfolding disorders involving prion-like mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basant A Abdulrahman
- Department of Comparative Biology & Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4Z6, Canada
- Calgary Prion Research Unit, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4Z6, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, 11795, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Dalia Abdelaziz
- Department of Comparative Biology & Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4Z6, Canada
- Calgary Prion Research Unit, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4Z6, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, 11795, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Simrika Thapa
- Department of Comparative Biology & Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4Z6, Canada
- Calgary Prion Research Unit, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4Z6, Canada
| | - Li Lu
- Department of Comparative Biology & Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4Z6, Canada
- Calgary Prion Research Unit, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4Z6, Canada
| | - Shubha Jain
- Department of Comparative Biology & Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4Z6, Canada
- Calgary Prion Research Unit, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4Z6, Canada
| | - Sabine Gilch
- Department of Comparative Biology & Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4Z6, Canada
- Department of Ecosystem & Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4Z6, Canada
- Calgary Prion Research Unit, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4Z6, Canada
| | | | | | - Hermann M Schatzl
- Department of Comparative Biology & Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4Z6, Canada.
- Calgary Prion Research Unit, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4Z6, Canada.
- Departments of Veterinary Sciences and of Molecular Biology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, 82071, USA.
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40
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Hypothermia induced by anesthesia regulates various signals expressions in the hippocampus of animals. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 95:1321-1330. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.09.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 09/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
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41
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Hugon J, Mouton-Liger F, Dumurgier J, Paquet C. PKR involvement in Alzheimer's disease. ALZHEIMERS RESEARCH & THERAPY 2017; 9:83. [PMID: 28982375 PMCID: PMC5629792 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-017-0308-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brain lesions in Alzheimer's disease (AD) are characterized by Aβ accumulation, neurofibrillary tangles, and synaptic and neuronal vanishing. According to the amyloid cascade hypothesis, Aβ1-42 oligomers could trigger a neurotoxic cascade with kinase activation that leads to tau phosphorylation and neurodegeneration. Detrimental pathways that are associated with kinase activation could also be linked to the triggering of direct neuronal death, the production of free radicals, and neuroinflammation. RESULTS Among these kinases, PKR (eukaryotic initiation factor 2α kinase 2) is a pro-apoptotic enzyme that inhibits translation and that has been implicated in several molecular pathways that lead to AD brain lesions and disturbed memory formation. PKR accumulates in degenerating neurons and is activated by Aβ1-42 neurotoxicity. It might modulate Aβ synthesis through BACE 1 induction. PKR is increased in cerebrospinal fluid from patients with AD and mild cognitive impairment and can induce the activation of pro-inflammatory pathways leading to TNFα and IL1-β production. In addition, experimentally, PKR seems to down-regulate the molecular processes of memory consolidation. This review highlights the major findings linking PKR and abnormal brain metabolism associated with AD lesions. CONCLUSIONS Studying the detrimental role of PKR signaling in AD could pave the way for a neuroprotective strategy in which PKR inhibition could reduce neuronal demise and alleviate cognitive decline as well as the cumbersome burden of AD for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacques Hugon
- Center of Cognitive Neurology and Inserm U942 Lariboisière Hospital AP-HP University Paris Diderot, 75010, Paris, France. .,Center of Cognitive Neurology, Lariboisière FW Hospital, 200 rue du Faubourg Saint Denis, 75010, Paris, France.
| | | | - Julien Dumurgier
- Center of Cognitive Neurology and Inserm U942 Lariboisière Hospital AP-HP University Paris Diderot, 75010, Paris, France
| | - Claire Paquet
- Center of Cognitive Neurology and Inserm U942 Lariboisière Hospital AP-HP University Paris Diderot, 75010, Paris, France
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42
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Activation of TGF-β signaling induces cell death via the unfolded protein response in Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6801. [PMID: 28754918 PMCID: PMC5533742 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06924-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD) is a slowly progressive bilateral disease of corneal endothelium in which accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) and loss of corneal endothelial cells (CECs) are phenotypic features. The corneal endothelium maintains corneal transparency by regulating water hydration; consequently, corneal endothelial dysfunction causes serious vision loss. The only therapy for corneal haziness due to corneal endothelial diseases, including FECD, is corneal transplantation using donor corneas, and no pharmaceutical treatment is available. We provide evidence that the expression levels of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) isoforms and TGF-β receptors are high in the corneal endothelium of patients with FECD. A cell model based on patients with FECD shows that TGF-β signaling induced a chronic overload of ECM proteins to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), thereby enhancing the formation of unfolded protein and triggering the intrinsic apoptotic pathway through the unfolded protein response (UPR). We propose that inhibition of TGF-β signaling may represent a novel therapeutic target that suppresses cell loss as well as the accumulation of ECM in FECD.
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43
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Plate L, Wiseman RL. Regulating Secretory Proteostasis through the Unfolded Protein Response: From Function to Therapy. Trends Cell Biol 2017. [PMID: 28647092 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2017.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Imbalances in secretory proteostasis induced by genetic, environmental, or aging-related insults are pathologically associated with etiologically diverse protein misfolding diseases. To protect the secretory proteome from these insults, organisms evolved stress-responsive signaling pathways that regulate the composition and activity of biologic pathways involved in secretory proteostasis maintenance. The most prominent of these is the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) unfolded protein response (UPR), which functions to regulate ER proteostasis in response to ER stress. While the signaling mechanisms involved in UPR activation are well defined, the impact of UPR activation on secretory proteostasis is only now becoming clear. Here, we highlight recent reports defining how activation of select UPR signaling pathways influences proteostasis within the ER and downstream secretory environments. Furthermore, we describe recent evidence that highlights the therapeutic potential for targeting UPR signaling pathways to correct pathologic disruption in secretory proteostasis associated with diverse types of protein misfolding diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Plate
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - R Luke Wiseman
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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44
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Morris G, Barichello T, Stubbs B, Köhler CA, Carvalho AF, Maes M. Zika Virus as an Emerging Neuropathogen: Mechanisms of Neurovirulence and Neuro-Immune Interactions. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 55:4160-4184. [PMID: 28601976 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0635-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is an emerging arbovirus of the genus Flaviviridae, which causes a febrile illness and has spread from across the Pacific to the Americas in a short timeframe. Convincing evidence has implicated the ZIKV to incident cases of neonatal microcephaly and a set of neurodevelopmental abnormalities referred to as the congenital Zika virus syndrome. In addition, emerging data points to an association with the ZIKV and the development of the so-called Guillain-Barre syndrome, an acute autoimmune polyneuropathy. Accumulating knowledge suggests that neurovirulent strains of the ZIKV have evolved from less pathogenic lineages of the virus. Nevertheless, mechanisms of neurovirulence and host-pathogen neuro-immune interactions remain incompletely elucidated. This review provides a critical discussion of genetic and structural alterations in the ZIKV which could have contributed to the emergence of neurovirulent strains. In addition, a mechanistic framework of neuro-immune mechanisms related to the emergence of neuropathology after ZIKV infection is discussed. Recent advances in knowledge point to avenues for the development of a putative vaccine as well as novel therapeutic strategies. Nevertheless, there are unique unmet challenges that need to be addressed in this regard. Finally, a research agenda is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerwyn Morris
- Tir Na Nog, Bryn Road seaside 87, Llanelli, Wales, SA15 2LW, UK
| | - Tatiana Barichello
- Laboratory of Experimental Microbiology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil.,Translational Psychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA.,Neuroscience Graduate Program, The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Brendon Stubbs
- Physiotherapy Department, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 8AZ, UK.,Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, UK.,Faculty of Health, Social Care and Education, Anglia Ruskin University, Bishop Hall Lane, Chelmsford, CM1 1SQ, UK
| | - Cristiano A Köhler
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Translational Psychiatry Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - André F Carvalho
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Translational Psychiatry Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Michael Maes
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Deakin University, P.O. Box 291, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia. .,Health Sciences Postgraduate Program, Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Parana, Brazil. .,Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand. .,Revitalis, Waalre, The Netherlands. .,Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
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45
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Halliday M, Radford H, Zents KAM, Molloy C, Moreno JA, Verity NC, Smith E, Ortori CA, Barrett DA, Bushell M, Mallucci GR. Repurposed drugs targeting eIF2α-P-mediated translational repression prevent neurodegeneration in mice. Brain 2017; 140:1768-1783. [PMID: 28430857 PMCID: PMC5445255 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awx074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
See Mercado and Hetz (doi:10.1093/brain/awx107) for a scientific commentary on this article.Signalling through the PERK/eIF2α-P branch of the unfolded protein response plays a critical role in controlling protein synthesis rates in cells. This pathway is overactivated in brains of patients with Alzheimer’s disease and related disorders and has recently emerged as a promising therapeutic target for these currently untreatable conditions. Thus, in mouse models of neurodegenerative disease, prolonged overactivation of PERK/eIF2α-P signalling causes sustained attenuation of protein synthesis, leading to memory impairment and neuronal loss. Re-establishing translation rates by inhibition of eIF2α-P activity, genetically or pharmacologically, restores memory and prevents neurodegeneration and extends survival. However, the experimental compounds used preclinically are unsuitable for use in humans, due to associated toxicity or poor pharmacokinetic properties. To discover compounds that have anti-eIF2α-P activity suitable for clinical use, we performed phenotypic screens on a NINDS small molecule library of 1040 drugs. We identified two compounds, trazodone hydrochloride and dibenzoylmethane, which reversed eIF2α-P-mediated translational attenuation in vitro and in vivo. Both drugs were markedly neuroprotective in two mouse models of neurodegeneration, using clinically relevant doses over a prolonged period of time, without systemic toxicity. Thus, in prion-diseased mice, both trazodone and dibenzoylmethane treatment restored memory deficits, abrogated development of neurological signs, prevented neurodegeneration and significantly prolonged survival. In tauopathy-frontotemporal dementia mice, both drugs were neuroprotective, rescued memory deficits and reduced hippocampal atrophy. Further, trazodone reduced p-tau burden. These compounds therefore represent potential new disease-modifying treatments for dementia. Trazodone in particular, a licensed drug, should now be tested in clinical trials in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Halliday
- MRC Toxicology Unit, Hodgkin Building, Lancaster Road, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK
| | - Helois Radford
- MRC Toxicology Unit, Hodgkin Building, Lancaster Road, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK
| | - Karlijn A M Zents
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0AH, UK
| | - Collin Molloy
- MRC Toxicology Unit, Hodgkin Building, Lancaster Road, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK
| | - Julie A Moreno
- MRC Toxicology Unit, Hodgkin Building, Lancaster Road, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK
| | - Nicholas C Verity
- MRC Toxicology Unit, Hodgkin Building, Lancaster Road, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK
| | - Ewan Smith
- MRC Toxicology Unit, Hodgkin Building, Lancaster Road, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK
| | - Catharine A Ortori
- Centre for Analytical Bioscience, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - David A Barrett
- Centre for Analytical Bioscience, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Martin Bushell
- MRC Toxicology Unit, Hodgkin Building, Lancaster Road, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK
| | - Giovanna R Mallucci
- MRC Toxicology Unit, Hodgkin Building, Lancaster Road, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0AH, UK
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46
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Bose S, Cho J. Targeting chaperones, heat shock factor-1, and unfolded protein response: Promising therapeutic approaches for neurodegenerative disorders. Ageing Res Rev 2017; 35:155-175. [PMID: 27702699 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2016.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Protein misfolding, which is known to cause several serious diseases, is an emerging field that addresses multiple therapeutic areas. Misfolding of a disease-specific protein in the central nervous system ultimately results in the formation of toxic aggregates that may accumulate in the brain, leading to neuronal cell death and dysfunction, and associated clinical manifestations. A large number of neurodegenerative diseases in humans, including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, Huntington's, and prion diseases, are primarily caused by protein misfolding and aggregation. Notably, the cellular system is equipped with a protein quality control system encompassing chaperones, ubiquitin proteasome system, and autophagy, as a defense mechanism that monitors protein folding and eliminates inappropriately folded proteins. As the intrinsic molecular mechanisms of protein misfolding become more clearly understood, the novel therapeutic approaches in this arena are gaining considerable interest. The present review will describe the chaperones network and different approaches as the therapeutic targets for neurodegenerative diseases. Current and emerging therapeutic approaches to combat neurodegenerative diseases, addressing the roles of molecular, chemical, and pharmacological chaperones, as well as heat shock factor-1 and the unfolded protein response, are also discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shambhunath Bose
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungsook Cho
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do 10326, Republic of Korea.
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47
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Stroo E, Koopman M, Nollen EAA, Mata-Cabana A. Cellular Regulation of Amyloid Formation in Aging and Disease. Front Neurosci 2017; 11:64. [PMID: 28261044 PMCID: PMC5306383 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
As the population is aging, the incidence of age-related neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer and Parkinson disease, is growing. The pathology of neurodegenerative diseases is characterized by the presence of protein aggregates of disease specific proteins in the brain of patients. Under certain conditions these disease proteins can undergo structural rearrangements resulting in misfolded proteins that can lead to the formation of aggregates with a fibrillar amyloid-like structure. Cells have different mechanisms to deal with this protein aggregation, where the molecular chaperone machinery constitutes the first line of defense against misfolded proteins. Proteins that cannot be refolded are subjected to degradation and compartmentalization processes. Amyloid formation has traditionally been described as responsible for the proteotoxicity associated with different neurodegenerative disorders. Several mechanisms have been suggested to explain such toxicity, including the sequestration of key proteins and the overload of the protein quality control system. Here, we review different aspects of the involvement of amyloid-forming proteins in disease, mechanisms of toxicity, structural features, and biological functions of amyloids, as well as the cellular mechanisms that modulate and regulate protein aggregation, including the presence of enhancers and suppressors of aggregation, and how aging impacts the functioning of these mechanisms, with special attention to the molecular chaperones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Stroo
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Aging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Mandy Koopman
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Aging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Ellen A A Nollen
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Aging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Alejandro Mata-Cabana
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Aging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen Groningen, Netherlands
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48
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Haile Y, Deng X, Ortiz-Sandoval C, Tahbaz N, Janowicz A, Lu JQ, Kerr BJ, Gutowski NJ, Holley JE, Eggleton P, Giuliani F, Simmen T. Rab32 connects ER stress to mitochondrial defects in multiple sclerosis. J Neuroinflammation 2017; 14:19. [PMID: 28115010 PMCID: PMC5260063 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-016-0788-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is a hallmark of neurodegenerative diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS). However, this physiological mechanism has multiple manifestations that range from impaired clearance of unfolded proteins to altered mitochondrial dynamics and apoptosis. While connections between the triggering of the unfolded protein response (UPR) and downstream mitochondrial dysfunction are poorly understood, the membranous contacts between the ER and mitochondria, called the mitochondria-associated membrane (MAM), could provide a functional link between these two mechanisms. Therefore, we investigated whether the guanosine triphosphatase (GTPase) Rab32, a known regulator of the MAM, mitochondrial dynamics, and apoptosis, could be associated with ER stress as well as mitochondrial dysfunction. METHODS We assessed Rab32 expression in MS patient and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) tissue, via observation of mitochondria in primary neurons and via monitoring of survival of neuronal cells upon increased Rab32 expression. RESULTS We found that the induction of Rab32 and other MAM proteins correlates with ER stress proteins in MS brain, as well as in EAE, and occurs in multiple central nervous system (CNS) cell types. We identify Rab32, known to increase in response to acute brain inflammation, as a novel unfolded protein response (UPR) target. High Rab32 expression shortens neurite length, alters mitochondria morphology, and accelerates apoptosis/necroptosis of human primary neurons and cell lines. CONCLUSIONS ER stress is strongly associated with Rab32 upregulation in the progression of MS, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction and neuronal death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohannes Haile
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.,Present address: Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Xiaodan Deng
- Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | | | - Nasser Tahbaz
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | | | - Jian-Qiang Lu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Bradley J Kerr
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Nicholas J Gutowski
- University of Exeter Medical School & Neurology Department, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Exeter, UK
| | - Janet E Holley
- University of Exeter Medical School & Neurology Department, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Exeter, UK
| | - Paul Eggleton
- University of Exeter Medical School & Neurology Department, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Exeter, UK
| | - Fabrizio Giuliani
- Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
| | - Thomas Simmen
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
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49
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Bradley SJ, Bourgognon JM, Sanger HE, Verity N, Mogg AJ, White DJ, Butcher AJ, Moreno JA, Molloy C, Macedo-Hatch T, Edwards JM, Wess J, Pawlak R, Read DJ, Sexton PM, Broad LM, Steinert JR, Mallucci GR, Christopoulos A, Felder CC, Tobin AB. M1 muscarinic allosteric modulators slow prion neurodegeneration and restore memory loss. J Clin Invest 2016; 127:487-499. [PMID: 27991860 PMCID: PMC5272187 DOI: 10.1172/jci87526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The current frontline symptomatic treatment for Alzheimer's disease (AD) is whole-body upregulation of cholinergic transmission via inhibition of acetylcholinesterase. This approach leads to profound dose-related adverse effects. An alternative strategy is to selectively target muscarinic acetylcholine receptors, particularly the M1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (M1 mAChR), which was previously shown to have procognitive activity. However, developing M1 mAChR-selective orthosteric ligands has proven challenging. Here, we have shown that mouse prion disease shows many of the hallmarks of human AD, including progressive terminal neurodegeneration and memory deficits due to a disruption of hippocampal cholinergic innervation. The fact that we also show that muscarinic signaling is maintained in both AD and mouse prion disease points to the latter as an excellent model for testing the efficacy of muscarinic pharmacological entities. The memory deficits we observed in mouse prion disease were completely restored by treatment with benzyl quinolone carboxylic acid (BQCA) and benzoquinazoline-12 (BQZ-12), two highly selective positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) of M1 mAChRs. Furthermore, prolonged exposure to BQCA markedly extended the lifespan of diseased mice. Thus, enhancing hippocampal muscarinic signaling using M1 mAChR PAMs restored memory loss and slowed the progression of mouse prion disease, indicating that this ligand type may have clinical benefit in diseases showing defective cholinergic transmission, such as AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie J. Bradley
- The Centre for Translational Pharmacology, Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | | | - Helen E. Sanger
- Eli Lilly and Co., Neuroscience, Windlesham, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas Verity
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Adrian J. Mogg
- Eli Lilly and Co., Neuroscience, Windlesham, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - David J. White
- Central Research Facility, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Adrian J. Butcher
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Julie A. Moreno
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Colin Molloy
- The Centre for Translational Pharmacology, Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Jurgen Wess
- Molecular Signaling Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Robert Pawlak
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - David J. Read
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick M. Sexton
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lisa M. Broad
- Eli Lilly and Co., Neuroscience, Windlesham, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Joern R. Steinert
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Giovanna R. Mallucci
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Arthur Christopoulos
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christian C. Felder
- Eli Lilly and Co., Neuroscience, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Andrew B. Tobin
- The Centre for Translational Pharmacology, Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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50
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Guo C, Geng Y, Song F, Huo Y, Wu X, Lv J, Ge A, Fan W. Mild hypothermia protects rat neuronal injury after intracerebral hemorrhage via attenuating endoplasmic reticulum response induced neuron apoptosis. Neurosci Lett 2016; 635:17-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2016.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Revised: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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