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Gao Y, Zhao L, Wang B, Song Z, Jiao F, Wu X, Feng Z, Chen X, Gao L, Li Y. A tonoplast-localized TPK-type K + transporter (TPKa) regulates potassium accumulation in tobacco. Gene 2024; 926:148576. [PMID: 38763364 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Potassium ion (K+) is one of the most essential nutrients for the growth and development of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.), however, the molecular regulation of K+ concentration in tobacco remains unclear. In this study, a two-pore K (TPK) channel gene NtTPKa was cloned from tobacco, and NtTPKa protein contains the unique K+ selection motif GYGD and its transmembrane region primarily locates in the tonoplast membrane. The expression of NtTPKa gene was significantly increased under low-potassium stress conditions. The concentrations of K+ in tobacco were significantly increased in the NtTPKa RNA interference lines and CRISPR/Cas9 knockout mutants. In addition, the transport of K+ by NtTPKa was validated using patch clamp technique, and the results showed that NtTPKa channel protein exclusively transported K+ in a concentration-dependent manner. Together, our results strongly suggested that NtTPKa is a key gene in maintaining K+ homeostasis in tobacco, and it could provide a new genetic resource for increasing the concentration of K+ in tobacco.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulong Gao
- Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences/National Tobacco Genetic Engineering Research Center, Kunming, China
| | - Lu Zhao
- Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences/National Tobacco Genetic Engineering Research Center, Kunming, China
| | - Bingwu Wang
- Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences/National Tobacco Genetic Engineering Research Center, Kunming, China
| | - Zhongbang Song
- Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences/National Tobacco Genetic Engineering Research Center, Kunming, China
| | - Fangchan Jiao
- Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences/National Tobacco Genetic Engineering Research Center, Kunming, China
| | - Xingfu Wu
- Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences/National Tobacco Genetic Engineering Research Center, Kunming, China
| | - Zhiyu Feng
- Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences/National Tobacco Genetic Engineering Research Center, Kunming, China
| | - Xuejun Chen
- Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences/National Tobacco Genetic Engineering Research Center, Kunming, China
| | - Lifeng Gao
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Yongping Li
- Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences/National Tobacco Genetic Engineering Research Center, Kunming, China.
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2
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Kaur A, Madhu, Sharma A, Singh K, Upadhyay SK. Investigation of two-pore K + (TPK) channels in Triticum aestivum L. suggests their role in stress response. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27814. [PMID: 38533012 PMCID: PMC10963239 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Two-pore K+ (TPK) channels are voltage-independent and involved in stress response in plants. Herein, we identified 12 TaTPK genes located on nine chromosomes in the Triticum aestivum genome. The majority of TaTPK genes comprised two exons. Each TaTPK channel comprised four transmembrane (TM) helices, N- and C-terminal ion-channel domains, two EF-hand domains and one 14-3-3 binding site. Additionally, highly conserved 'GYGD' motif responsible for K+ ion specificity, was found in between the TMs in both the ion-channel domains. Nine TaTPK channels were predicted to be localised at the plasma membrane, while three were vacuolar. The protein-protein and protein-chemical interactions indicated the coordinated functioning of the TaTPK channels with the other K+ transporters and their possible interaction with the Ca2+-signaling pathway. Expression studies suggested their importance in both vegetative and reproductive tissues development. Significantly modulated expression of various TaTPK genes during heat, drought, combined heat and drought and salt stresses, and after fungal infestation, depicted their function in stress responses. The miRNAs and transcription factors interaction analyses suggested their role in the hormone, light, growth and development-related, and stress-responsive signaling cascades. The current study suggested vital functions of various TaTPK genes, especially in stress response, and would provide an opportunity for their detailed characterization in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandeep Kaur
- Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India, 160014
| | - Madhu
- Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India, 160014
| | - Alok Sharma
- Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India, 160014
- Regional Ayurveda Research Institute, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, 474001, India
| | - Kashmir Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
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3
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Geng A, Lian W, Wang Y, Liu M, Zhang Y, Wang X, Chen G. Molecular Mechanisms and Regulatory Pathways Underlying Drought Stress Response in Rice. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1185. [PMID: 38256261 PMCID: PMC10817035 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Rice is a staple food for 350 million people globally. Its yield thus affects global food security. Drought is a serious environmental factor affecting rice growth. Alleviating the inhibition of drought stress is thus an urgent challenge that should be solved to enhance rice growth and yield. This review details the effects of drought on rice morphology, physiology, biochemistry, and the genes associated with drought stress response, their biological functions, and molecular regulatory pathways. The review further highlights the main future research directions to collectively provide theoretical support and reference for improving drought stress adaptation mechanisms and breeding new drought-resistant rice varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjing Geng
- Institute of Quality Standard and Monitoring Technology for Agro-Products of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Agro-Product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Wenli Lian
- Institute of Quality Standard and Monitoring Technology for Agro-Products of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Agro-Product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yihan Wang
- Institute of Quality Standard and Monitoring Technology for Agro-Products of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Agro-Product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Minghao Liu
- Institute of Quality Standard and Monitoring Technology for Agro-Products of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Agro-Product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Institute of Quality Standard and Monitoring Technology for Agro-Products of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Agro-Product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Institute of Quality Standard and Monitoring Technology for Agro-Products of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Agro-Product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Guang Chen
- Institute of Quality Standard and Monitoring Technology for Agro-Products of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Agro-Product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products, Guangzhou 510640, China
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Mallikarjuna MG, Tomar R, Lohithaswa HC, Sahu S, Mishra DC, Rao AR, Chinnusamy V. Genome-wide identification of potassium channels in maize showed evolutionary patterns and variable functional responses to abiotic stresses. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 206:108235. [PMID: 38039585 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Potassium (K) channels are essential components of plant biology, mediating not only K ion (K+) homeostasis but also regulating several physiological processes and stress tolerance. In the current investigation, we identified 27 K+ channels in maize and deciphered the evolution and divergence pattern with four monocots and five dicot species. Chromosomal localization and expansion of K+ channel genes showed uneven distribution and were independent of genome size. The dispersed duplication is the major force in expanding K+ channels in the target genomes. The mean Ka/Ks ratio of <0.5 in paralogs and orthologs indicates horizontal and vertical expansions of K+ channel genes under strong purifying selection. The one-to-one K+ channel orthologs were prominent among the closely related species, with higher synteny between maize and the rest of the monocots. Comprehensive K+ channels promoter analysis revealed various cis-regulatory elements mediating stress tolerance with the predominance of MYB and STRE binding sites. The regulatory network showed AP2-EREBP TFs, miR164 and miR399 are prominent regulatory elements of K+ channels. The qRT-PCR analysis of K+ channels and regulatory miRNAs showed significant expressions in response to drought and waterlogging stresses. The present study expanded the knowledge on K+ channels in maize and will serve as a basis for an in-depth functional analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rakhi Tomar
- Division of Genetics, ICAR- Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | | | - Sarika Sahu
- Division of Agricultural Bioinformatics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Dwijesh Chandra Mishra
- Division of Agricultural Bioinformatics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Atmakuri Ramakrishna Rao
- Division of Agricultural Bioinformatics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Viswanathan Chinnusamy
- Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR- Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
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Lindberg S, Premkumar A. Ion Changes and Signaling under Salt Stress in Wheat and Other Important Crops. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:46. [PMID: 38202354 PMCID: PMC10780558 DOI: 10.3390/plants13010046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
High concentrations of sodium (Na+), chloride (Cl-), calcium (Ca2+), and sulphate (SO42-) are frequently found in saline soils. Crop plants cannot successfully develop and produce because salt stress impairs the uptake of Ca2+, potassium (K+), and water into plant cells. Different intracellular and extracellular ionic concentrations change with salinity, including those of Ca2+, K+, and protons. These cations serve as stress signaling molecules in addition to being essential for ionic homeostasis and nutrition. Maintaining an appropriate K+:Na+ ratio is one crucial plant mechanism for salt tolerance, which is a complicated trait. Another important mechanism is the ability for fast extrusion of Na+ from the cytosol. Ca2+ is established as a ubiquitous secondary messenger, which transmits various stress signals into metabolic alterations that cause adaptive responses. When plants are under stress, the cytosolic-free Ca2+ concentration can rise to 10 times or more from its resting level of 50-100 nanomolar. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are linked to the Ca2+ alterations and are produced by stress. Depending on the type, frequency, and intensity of the stress, the cytosolic Ca2+ signals oscillate, are transient, or persist for a longer period and exhibit specific "signatures". Both the influx and efflux of Ca2+ affect the length and amplitude of the signal. According to several reports, under stress Ca2+ alterations can occur not only in the cytoplasm of the cell but also in the cell walls, nucleus, and other cell organelles and the Ca2+ waves propagate through the whole plant. Here, we will focus on how wheat and other important crops absorb Na+, K+, and Cl- when plants are under salt stress, as well as how Ca2+, K+, and pH cause intracellular signaling and homeostasis. Similar mechanisms in the model plant Arabidopsis will also be considered. Knowledge of these processes is important for understanding how plants react to salinity stress and for the development of tolerant crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Lindberg
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, SE-114 18 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Albert Premkumar
- Bharathiyar Group of Institutes, Guduvanchery 603202, Tamilnadu, India;
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6
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Ali S, Tyagi A, Park S, Bae H. Understanding the mechanobiology of phytoacoustics through molecular Lens: Mechanisms and future perspectives. J Adv Res 2023:S2090-1232(23)00398-3. [PMID: 38101748 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2023.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND How plants emit, perceive, and respond to sound vibrations (SVs) is a long-standing question in the field of plant sensory biology. In recent years, there have been numerous studies on how SVs affect plant morphological, physiological, and biochemical traits related to growth and adaptive responses. For instance, under drought SVs navigate plant roots towards water, activate their defence responses against stressors, and increase nectar sugar in response to pollinator SVs. Also, plants emit SVs during stresses which are informative in terms of ecological and adaptive perspective. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the SV perception and emission in plants remain largely unknown. Therefore, deciphering the complexity of plant-SV interactions and identifying bonafide receptors and signaling players will be game changers overcoming the roadblocks in phytoacoustics. AIM OF REVIEW The aim of this review is to provide an overview of recent developments in phytoacoustics. We primarily focuss on SV signal perception and transduction with current challenges and future perspectives. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW Timeline breakthroughs in phytoacoustics have constantly shaped our understanding and belief that plants may emit and respond to SVs like other species. However, unlike other plant mechanostimuli, little is known about SV perception and signal transduction. Here, we provide an update on phytoacoustics and its ecological importance. Next, we discuss the role of cell wall receptor-like kinases, mechanosensitive channels, intracellular organelle signaling, and other key players involved in plant-SV receptive pathways that connect them. We also highlight the role of calcium (Ca2+), reactive oxygen species (ROS), hormones, and other emerging signaling molecules in SV signal transduction. Further, we discuss the importance of molecular, biophysical, computational, and live cell imaging tools for decoding the molecular complexity of acoustic signaling in plants. Finally, we summarised the role of SV priming in plants and discuss how SVs could modulate plant defense and growth trade-offs during other stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajad Ali
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan Gyeongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Anshika Tyagi
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan Gyeongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Suvin Park
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan Gyeongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanhong Bae
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan Gyeongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea.
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7
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Mulet JM, Porcel R, Yenush L. Modulation of potassium transport to increase abiotic stress tolerance in plants. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:5989-6005. [PMID: 37611215 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Potassium is the major cation responsible for the maintenance of the ionic environment in plant cells. Stable potassium homeostasis is indispensable for virtually all cellular functions, and, concomitantly, viability. Plants must cope with environmental changes such as salt or drought that can alter ionic homeostasis. Potassium fluxes are required to regulate the essential process of transpiration, so a constraint on potassium transport may also affect the plant's response to heat, cold, or oxidative stress. Sequencing data and functional analyses have defined the potassium channels and transporters present in the genomes of different species, so we know most of the proteins directly participating in potassium homeostasis. The still unanswered questions are how these proteins are regulated and the nature of potential cross-talk with other signaling pathways controlling growth, development, and stress responses. As we gain knowledge regarding the molecular mechanisms underlying regulation of potassium homeostasis in plants, we can take advantage of this information to increase the efficiency of potassium transport and generate plants with enhanced tolerance to abiotic stress through genetic engineering or new breeding techniques. Here, we review current knowledge of how modifying genes related to potassium homeostasis in plants affect abiotic stress tolerance at the whole plant level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose M Mulet
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Valencia, Spain
| | - Rosa Porcel
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Valencia, Spain
| | - Lynne Yenush
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Valencia, Spain
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8
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Dutta D. Interplay between membrane proteins and membrane protein-lipid pertaining to plant salinity stress. Cell Biochem Funct 2023. [PMID: 37158622 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
High salinity in agricultural lands is one of the predominant issues limiting agricultural yields. Plants have developed several mechanisms to withstand salinity stress, but the mechanisms are not effective enough for most crops to prevent and persist the salinity stress. Plant salt tolerance pathways involve membrane proteins that have a crucial role in sensing and mitigating salinity stress. Due to a strategic location interfacing two distinct cellular environments, membrane proteins can be considered checkpoints to the salt tolerance pathways in plants. Related membrane proteins functions include ion homeostasis, osmosensing or ion sensing, signal transduction, redox homeostasis, and small molecule transport. Therefore, modulating plant membrane proteins' function, expression, and distribution can improve plant salt tolerance. This review discusses the membrane protein-protein and protein-lipid interactions related to plant salinity stress. It will also highlight the finding of membrane protein-lipid interactions from the context of recent structural evidence. Finally, the importance of membrane protein-protein and protein-lipid interaction is discussed, and a future perspective on studying the membrane protein-protein and protein-lipid interactions to develop strategies for improving salinity tolerance is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debajyoti Dutta
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, Punjab, India
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Barbafieri M, Bretzel F, Scartazza A, Di Baccio D, Rosellini I, Grifoni M, Pini R, Clementi A, Franchi E. Response to Hypersalinity of Four Halophytes Growing in Hydroponic Floating Systems: Prospects in the Phytomanagement of High Saline Wastewaters and Extreme Environments. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12091737. [PMID: 37176795 PMCID: PMC10181242 DOI: 10.3390/plants12091737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Hypersaline environments occur naturally worldwide in arid and semiarid regions or in artificial areas where the discharge of highly saline wastewaters, such as produced water (PW) from oil and gas industrial setups, has concentrated salt (NaCl). Halophytes can tolerate high NaCl concentrations by adopting ion extrusion and inclusion mechanisms at cell, tissue, and organ levels; however, there is still much that is not clear in the response of these plants to salinity and completely unknown issues in hypersaline conditions. Mechanisms of tolerance to saline and hypersaline conditions of four different halophytes (Suaeda fruticosa (L.) Forssk, Halocnemum strobilaceum (Pall.) M. Bieb., Juncus maritimus Lam. and Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steudel) were assessed by analysing growth, chlorophyll fluorescence and photosynthetic pigment parameters, nutrients, and sodium (Na) uptake and distribution in different organs. Plants were exposed to high saline (257 mM or 15 g L-1 NaCl) and extremely high or hypersaline (514, 856, and 1712 mM or 30, 50, and 100 g L-1 NaCl) salt concentrations in a hydroponic floating culture system for 28 days. The two dicotyledonous S. fruticosa and H. strobilaceum resulted in greater tolerance to hypersaline concentrations than the two monocotyledonous species J. maritimus and P. australis. Plant biomass and major cation (K, Ca, and Mg) distributions among above- and below-ground organs evidenced the osmoprotectant roles of K in the leaves of S. fruticosa, and of Ca and Mg in the leaves and stem of H. strobilaceum. In J. maritimus and P. australis the rhizome modulated the reduced uptake and translocation of nutrients and Na to shoot with increasing salinity levels. S. fruticosa and H. strobilaceum absorbed and accumulated elevated Na amounts in the aerial parts at all the NaCl doses tested, with high bioaccumulation (from 0.5 to 8.3) and translocation (1.7-16.2) factors. In the two monocotyledons, Na increased in the root and rhizome with the increasing concentration of external NaCl, dramatically reducing the growth in J. maritimus at both 50 and 100 g L-1 NaCl and compromising the survival of P. australis at 30 g L-1 NaCl and over after two weeks of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meri Barbafieri
- Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems, National Research Council of Italy (IRET-CNR), Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesca Bretzel
- Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems, National Research Council of Italy (IRET-CNR), Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Andrea Scartazza
- Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems, National Research Council of Italy (IRET-CNR), Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Daniela Di Baccio
- Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems, National Research Council of Italy (IRET-CNR), Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Irene Rosellini
- Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems, National Research Council of Italy (IRET-CNR), Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Martina Grifoni
- Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems, National Research Council of Italy (IRET-CNR), Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Roberto Pini
- Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems, National Research Council of Italy (IRET-CNR), Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Alice Clementi
- Eni S.p.A., Subsurface and Wells R&D Projects, Via Maritano 26, San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Franchi
- Eni S.p.A., R&D Environmental &Biological Laboratories, Via Maritano 26, San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy
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Banik S, Dutta D. Membrane Proteins in Plant Salinity Stress Perception, Sensing, and Response. J Membr Biol 2023; 256:109-124. [PMID: 36757456 DOI: 10.1007/s00232-023-00279-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Plants have several mechanisms to endure salinity stress. The degree of salt tolerance varies significantly among different terrestrial crops. Proteins at the plant's cell wall and membrane mediate different physiological roles owing to their critical positioning between two distinct environments. A specific membrane protein is responsible for a single type of activity, such as a specific group of ion transport or a similar group of small molecule binding to exert multiple cellular effects. During salinity stress in plants, membrane protein functions: ion homeostasis, signal transduction, redox homeostasis, and solute transport are essential for stress perception, signaling, and recovery. Therefore, comprehensive knowledge about plant membrane proteins is essential to modulate crop salinity tolerance. This review gives a detailed overview of the membrane proteins involved in plant salinity stress highlighting the recent findings. Also, it discusses the role of solute transporters, accessory polypeptides, and proteins in salinity tolerance. Finally, some aspects of membrane proteins are discussed with potential applications to developing salt tolerance in crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanhita Banik
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, Punjab, 147004, India
| | - Debajyoti Dutta
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, Punjab, 147004, India.
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11
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Tan L, Waqas M, Rehman A, Rashid MAR, Fiaz S, Manzoor H, Azeem F. Computational analysis and expression profiling of potassium transport-related gene families in mango ( Mangifera indica) indicate their role in stress response and fruit development. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 13:1102201. [PMID: 36756234 PMCID: PMC9899903 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1102201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Mango (Mangifera indica) fruit is known for its taste, health benefits, and drought tolerance. Potassium (K+) is one of the most abundant ions in a plant cell. It is important for various biological functions related to plant growth, development, and flowering/fruiting. It significantly contributes to fruit yield, quality, and drought tolerance in plants. However, molecular mechanisms comprising K+ transport in mango are least known. In the present study, 37 members of K+ transport-related genes (PTGs) were identified in mango, which include 22 K+ transporters (16 HAKs, 1 HKT, and 6 KEAs) and 15 K+ channels (6 TPKs and 8 Shakers). All PTGs were predicted to be expressed at the plasma membrane and possess characteristic motifs and domains. Phylogenetic analysis identified a strong kinship of PTGs among Oryza sativa, Arabidopsis thaliana, Cicer arietinum, Malus domestica, and M. indica. The promoter analysis identified 60 types of cis-elements related to various biological processes. RNA-seq-based expression profiling identified that MiTPK1.2, MiHAK1, MiHAK2.1, HAK6.1, and MiAKT1.1 were most upregulated in roots and that MiKEA2, MiAKT2, and MiAKT1 were upregulated in leaves. Moreover, MiAKT6, MiHAK1.1, MiKAT2, MiKAT2.1, MiHKT1, MiTPK1.1, MiHAK7, and MiHAK12 were highly expressed during the five growth stages of mango fruit. The current study is the first comprehensive report on K+ transport system in tropical fruits. Therefore, it will provide the foundation knowledge for the functional characterization of K+ genes in mango and related plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Tan
- Haikou Experimental Station, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Muhammad Waqas
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Rehman
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Sajid Fiaz
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, The University of Haripur, Haripur, Pakistan
| | - Hamid Manzoor
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Farrukh Azeem
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Haque US, Elias SM, Jahan I, Seraj ZI. Functional genomic analysis of K + related salt-responsive transporters in tolerant and sensitive genotypes of rice. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 13:1089109. [PMID: 36743539 PMCID: PMC9893783 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1089109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Salinity is a complex environmental stress that affects the growth and production of rice worldwide. But there are some rice landraces in coastal regions that can survive in presence of highly saline conditions. An understanding of the molecular attributes contributing to the salinity tolerance of these genotypes is important for developing salt-tolerant high yielding modern genotypes to ensure food security. Therefore, we investigated the role and functional differences of two K+ salt-responsive transporters. These are OsTPKa or Vacuolar two-pore potassium channel and OsHAK_like or a hypothetical protein of the HAK family. These transporters were selected from previously identified QTLs from the tolerant rice landrace genotype (Horkuch) and sensitive genotype (IR29). METHODS In silico comparative sequence analysis of the promoter sequences of two these genes between Horkuch and IR29 was done. Real-Time expression of the selected genes in leaves and roots of IR29 (salt-sensitive), I-14 and I-71 (Recombinant Inbred Lines of IR29(♀)× Horkuch), Horkuch and Pokkali (salt-tolerant) under salt-stress at different time points was analyzed. For further insight, OsTPKa and OsHAK_like were chosen for loss-of-function genomic analysis in Horkuch using the CRISPR/Cas9 tool. Furthermore, OsTPKa was chosen for cloning into a sensitive variety by Gateway technology to observe the effect of gain-of-function. RESULTS The promoter sequences of the OsTPKa and OsHAK_like genes showed some significant differences in promoter sequences which may give a survival advantage to Horkuch under salt-stress. These two genes were also found to be overexpressed in tolerant varieties (Horkuch and Pokkali). Moreover, a coordinated expression pattern between these two genes was observed in tolerant Horkuch under salt-stress. Independently transformed plants where the expression of these genes was significantly lowered, performed poorly in physiological tests for salinity tolerance. On the other hand, positively transformed T0 plants with the OsTPKa gene from Horkuch consistently showed growth advantage under both control and salt stress. DISCUSSION The poor performance of the transgenic plants with the down-regulated genes OsTPKa and OsHAK_like under salt stress supports the assumption that OsTPKa and OsHAK_like play important roles in defending the rice landrace Horkuch against salt stress, minimizing salt injury, and maintaining plant growth. Moreover, the growth advantage provided by overexpression of the vacuolar OsTPKa K+ transporter, particularly under salt stress reconfirms its important role in providing salt tolerance. The QTL locus from Horkuch containing these two transporters maybe bred into commercial rice to produce high-yielding salt tolerant rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umme Sabrina Haque
- Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Sabrina M. Elias
- Department of Life Sciences, Independent University Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Israt Jahan
- Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Zeba I. Seraj
- Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Dabravolski SA, Isayenkov SV. Recent updates on the physiology and evolution of plant TPK/KCO channels. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2023; 50:17-28. [PMID: 36220140 DOI: 10.1071/fp22117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Plant vacuoles are the main cellular reservoirs to store K+ . The vacuolar K+ channels play a pivotal role in K+ exchange between cytosol and vacuolar sap. Among vacuolar K+ transporters, the Two Pore Potassium Channels (TPKs) are highly selective K+ channels present in most or all plant vacuoles and could be involved in various plant stress responses and developmental processes. Although the majority of TPK members have a vacuolar specialisation, some TPKs display different membrane localisation including the plasma membrane, tonoplast of protein storage vacuoles and probably chloroplast membranes. The functional properties as well as physiological roles of TPKs remains largely unexplored. In this review, we have collected recent data about the physiology, structure, functionality and evolution of TPK/KCO3 channels. We also critically evaluate the latest findings on the biological role, physiological functions, and regulation of TPK/KCO3 channels in relation to their structure and phylogenetic position. The possible role of TPK/KCO3 channels in plant tolerance to various abiotic stresses is summarised, and the future priority directions for TPK/KCO3 studies are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siarhei A Dabravolski
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering, ORT Braude College, Snunit 51, P.O. Box 78, Karmiel 2161002, Israel
| | - Stanislav V Isayenkov
- International Research Centre for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan, China; and Department of Plant Food Products and Biofortification, Institute of Food Biotechnology and Genomics NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
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14
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Huang T, Zhang X, Wang Q, Guo Y, Xie H, Li L, Zhang P, Liu J, Qin P. Metabolome and transcriptome profiles in quinoa seedlings in response to potassium supply. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:604. [PMID: 36539684 PMCID: PMC9768898 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03928-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) is a herb within the Quinoa subfamily of Amaranthaceae, with remarkable environmental adaptability. Its edible young leaves and grains are rich in protein, amino acids, microorganisms, and minerals. Although assessing the effects of fertilization on quinoa yield and quality has become an intensive area of research focus, the associated underlying mechanisms remain unclear. As one of the three macro nutrients in plants, potassium has an important impact on plant growth and development. In this study, extensive metabolome and transcriptome analyses were conducted in quinoa seedlings 30 days after fertilizer application to characterize the growth response mechanism to potassium. RESULTS: The differential metabolites and genes present in the seedlings of white and red quinoa cultivars were significantly enriched in the photosynthetic pathway. Moreover, the PsbQ enzyme on photosystem II and delta enzyme on ATP synthase were significantly down regulated in quinoa seedlings under potassium deficiency. Additionally, the differential metabolites and genes of red quinoa seedlings were significantly enriched in the arginine biosynthetic pathway. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide a more thorough understanding of the molecular changes in quinoa seedlings that occur under deficient, relative to normal, potassium levels. Furthermore, this study provides a theoretical basis regarding the importance of potassium fertilizers, as well as their efficient utilization by growing quinoa seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingzhi Huang
- Yunnan Agricultural University, Panlong District, Yunnan Province, Kunming City, China
| | - Xuesong Zhang
- Yunnan Agricultural University, Panlong District, Yunnan Province, Kunming City, China
| | - Qianchao Wang
- Yunnan Agricultural University, Panlong District, Yunnan Province, Kunming City, China
| | - Yirui Guo
- Yunnan Agricultural University, Panlong District, Yunnan Province, Kunming City, China
| | - Heng Xie
- Yunnan Agricultural University, Panlong District, Yunnan Province, Kunming City, China
| | - Li Li
- Yunnan Agricultural University, Panlong District, Yunnan Province, Kunming City, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Yunnan Agricultural University, Panlong District, Yunnan Province, Kunming City, China
| | - Junna Liu
- Yunnan Agricultural University, Panlong District, Yunnan Province, Kunming City, China
| | - Peng Qin
- Yunnan Agricultural University, Panlong District, Yunnan Province, Kunming City, China.
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Anil Kumar S, Kaniganti S, Hima Kumari P, Sudhakar Reddy P, Suravajhala P, P S, Kishor PBK. Functional and biotechnological cues of potassium homeostasis for stress tolerance and plant development. Biotechnol Genet Eng Rev 2022:1-44. [PMID: 36469501 DOI: 10.1080/02648725.2022.2143317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Potassium (K+) is indispensable for the regulation of a plethora of functions like plant metabolism, growth, development, and abiotic stress responses. K+ is associated with protein synthesis and entangled in the activation of scores of enzymes, stomatal regulation, and photosynthesis. It has multiple transporters and channels that assist in the uptake, efflux, transport within the cell as well as from soil to different tissues, and the grain filling sites. While it is implicated in ion homeostasis during salt stress, it acts as a modulator of stomatal movements during water deficit conditions. K+ is reported to abate the effects of chilling and photooxidative stresses. K+ has been found to ameliorate effectively the co-occurrence of drought and high-temperature stresses. Nutrient deficiency of K+ makes leaves necrotic, leads to diminished photosynthesis, and decreased assimilate utilization highlighting the role it plays in photosynthesis. Notably, K+ is associated with the detoxification of reactive oxygen species (ROS) when plants are exposed to diverse abiotic stress conditions. It is irrefutable now that K+ reduces the activity of NADPH oxidases and at the same time maintains electron transport activity, which helps in mitigating the oxidative stress. K+ as a macronutrient in plant growth, the role of K+ during abiotic stress and the protein phosphatases involved in K+ transport have been reviewed. This review presents a holistic view of the biological functions of K+, its uptake, translocation, signaling, and the critical roles it plays under abiotic stress conditions, plant growth, and development that are being unraveled in recent times.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Anil Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Vignan's Foundation for Science, Technology & Research Deemed to be University, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Sirisha Kaniganti
- Crop transformation Laboratory, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Hyderabad, India
| | | | - P Sudhakar Reddy
- Crop transformation Laboratory, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Hyderabad, India
| | | | - Suprasanna P
- Department of Biotechnology, Vignan's Foundation for Science, Technology & Research Deemed to be University, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Mumbai, Bhatan, Mumbai, India
| | - P B Kavi Kishor
- Department of Biotechnology, Vignan's Foundation for Science, Technology & Research Deemed to be University, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India
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16
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Mostofa MG, Rahman MM, Ghosh TK, Kabir AH, Abdelrahman M, Rahman Khan MA, Mochida K, Tran LSP. Potassium in plant physiological adaptation to abiotic stresses. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 186:279-289. [PMID: 35932652 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Potassium (K) is an integral part of plant nutrition, playing essential roles in plant growth and development. Despite its abundance in soils, the limitedly available form of K ion (K+) for plant uptake is a critical factor for agricultural production. Plants have evolved complex transport systems to maintain appropriate K+ levels in tissues under changing environmental conditions. Adequate stimulation and coordinated actions of multiple K+-channels and K+-transporters are required for nutrient homeostasis, reproductive growth, cellular signaling and stress adaptation responses in plants. Various contemporary studies revealed that K+-homeostasis plays a substantial role in plant responses and tolerance to abiotic stresses. The beneficial effects of K+ in plant responses to abiotic stresses include its roles in physiological and biochemical mechanisms involved in photosynthesis, osmoprotection, stomatal regulation, water-nutrient absorption, nutrient translocation and enzyme activation. Over the last decade, we have seen considerable breakthroughs in K research, owing to the advances in omics technologies. In this aspect, omics investigations (e.g., transcriptomics, metabolomics, and proteomics) in systems biology manner have broadened our understanding of how K+ signals are perceived, conveyed, and integrated for improving plant physiological resilience to abiotic stresses. Here, we update on how K+-uptake and K+-distribution are regulated under various types of abiotic stress. We discuss the effects of K+ on several physiological functions and the interaction of K+ with other nutrients to improve plant potential against abiotic stress-induced adverse consequences. Understanding of how K+ orchestrates physiological mechanisms and contributes to abiotic stress tolerance in plants is essential for practicing sustainable agriculture amidst the climate crisis in global agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Golam Mostofa
- Institute of Genomics for Crop Abiotic Stress Tolerance, Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA.
| | - Md Mezanur Rahman
- Institute of Genomics for Crop Abiotic Stress Tolerance, Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Totan Kumar Ghosh
- Department of Crop Botany, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur 1706, Bangladesh
| | | | | | - Md Arifur Rahman Khan
- Department of Agronomy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur 1706, Bangladesh
| | - Keiichi Mochida
- Bioproductivity Informatics Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan; Microalgae Production Control Technology Laboratory, RIKEN Baton Zone Program, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan; Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan; School of Information and Data Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Lam-Son Phan Tran
- Institute of Genomics for Crop Abiotic Stress Tolerance, Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, 03 Quang Trung, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam.
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17
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Pi K, Luo W, Mo Z, Duan L, Ke Y, Wang P, Zeng S, Huang Y, Liu R. Overdominant expression of related genes of ion homeostasis improves K + content advantage in hybrid tobacco leaves. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:335. [PMID: 35820807 PMCID: PMC9277951 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03719-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Potassium(K+) plays a vital role in improving the quality of tobacco leaves. However, how to improve the potassium content of tobacco leaves has always been a difficult problem in tobacco planting. K+ content in tobacco hybrid is characterized by heterosis, which can improve the quality of tobacco leaves, but its underlying molecular genetic mechanisms remain unclear. RESULTS Through a two-year field experiment, G70×GDH11 with strong heterosis and K326×GDH11 with weak heterosis were screened out. Transcriptome analyses revealed that 80.89% and 57.28% of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the strong and weak heterosis combinations exhibited an overdominant expression pattern, respectively. The genes that up-regulated the overdominant expression in the strong heterosis hybrids were significantly enriched in the ion homeostasis. Genes involved in K+ transport (KAT1/2, GORK, AKT2, and KEA3), activity regulation complex (CBL-CIPK5/6), and vacuole (TPKs) genes were overdominant expressed in strong heterosis hybrids, which contributed to K+ homeostasis and heterosis in tobacco leaves. CONCLUSIONS K+ homeostasis and accumulation in tobacco hybrids were collectively improved. The overdominant expression of K+ transport and homeostasis-related genes conducted a crucial role in the heterosis of K+ content in tobacco leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Pi
- College of Tobacco, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guizhou Province, 550025, Guiyang City, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory for Tobacco Quality Research Guizhou Province, Guizhou University, 550025, Guiyang, P. R. China
| | - Wen Luo
- College of Tobacco, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guizhou Province, 550025, Guiyang City, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory for Tobacco Quality Research Guizhou Province, Guizhou University, 550025, Guiyang, P. R. China
| | - Zejun Mo
- College of Tobacco, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guizhou Province, 550025, Guiyang City, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory for Tobacco Quality Research Guizhou Province, Guizhou University, 550025, Guiyang, P. R. China
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, 550025, Guiyang, P. R. China
| | - Lili Duan
- College of Tobacco, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guizhou Province, 550025, Guiyang City, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory for Tobacco Quality Research Guizhou Province, Guizhou University, 550025, Guiyang, P. R. China
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, 550025, Guiyang, P. R. China
| | - Yuzhou Ke
- College of Tobacco, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guizhou Province, 550025, Guiyang City, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory for Tobacco Quality Research Guizhou Province, Guizhou University, 550025, Guiyang, P. R. China
| | - Pingsong Wang
- College of Tobacco, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guizhou Province, 550025, Guiyang City, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory for Tobacco Quality Research Guizhou Province, Guizhou University, 550025, Guiyang, P. R. China
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, 550025, Guiyang, P. R. China
| | - Shuaibo Zeng
- College of Tobacco, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guizhou Province, 550025, Guiyang City, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory for Tobacco Quality Research Guizhou Province, Guizhou University, 550025, Guiyang, P. R. China
| | - Yin Huang
- College of Tobacco, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guizhou Province, 550025, Guiyang City, P. R. China.
- Key Laboratory for Tobacco Quality Research Guizhou Province, Guizhou University, 550025, Guiyang, P. R. China.
| | - Renxiang Liu
- College of Tobacco, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guizhou Province, 550025, Guiyang City, P. R. China.
- Key Laboratory for Tobacco Quality Research Guizhou Province, Guizhou University, 550025, Guiyang, P. R. China.
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Yang X, Liu C, Niu X, Wang L, Li L, Yuan Q, Pei X. Research on lncRNA related to drought resistance of Shanlan upland rice. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:336. [PMID: 35490237 PMCID: PMC9055766 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08546-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Drought has become the major abiotic stress that causes losses in rice yields and consequently is one of the main environmental factors threatening food security. Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) is known to play an important role in plant response to drought stress, while the mechanisms of competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) in drought resistance in upland rice have been rarely reported. Results In our study, a total of 191 lncRNAs, 2115 mRNAs and 32 miRNAs (microRNAs) were found by strand-specific sequencing and small RNA sequencing to be differentially expressed in drought-stressed rice. Functional analysis of results indicate that they play important roles in hormone signal transduction, chlorophyll synthesis, protein synthesis and other pathways. Construction of a ceRNA network revealed that MSTRG.28732.3 may interact with miR171 in the chlorophyll biosynthesis pathway and affect the ability of plants to withstand drought stress by regulating Os02g0662700, Os02g0663100 and Os06g0105350. The accuracy of the regulatory network was verified by qRT-PCR. Conclusion Our results provide a theoretical basis for future studies on the potential function of lncRNA in plant drought resistance, and they provide new genetic resources for drought-resistant rice breeding. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-022-08546-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinsen Yang
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bio-Resources, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Caiyue Liu
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xiaoling Niu
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bio-Resources, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Liu Wang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Laiyi Li
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bio-Resources, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Qianhua Yuan
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bio-Resources, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China.
| | - Xinwu Pei
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
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Abstract
Nutrients are scarce and valuable resources, so plants developed sophisticated mechanisms to optimize nutrient use efficiency. A crucial part of this is monitoring external and internal nutrient levels to adjust processes such as uptake, redistribution, and cellular compartmentation. Measurement of nutrient levels is carried out by primary sensors that typically involve either transceptors or transcription factors. Primary sensors are only now starting to be identified in plants for some nutrients. In particular, for nitrate, there is detailed insight concerning how the external nitrate status is sensed by members of the nitrate transporter 1 (NRT1) family. Potential sensors for other macronutrients such as potassium and sodium have also been identified recently, whereas for micronutrients such as zinc and iron, transcription factor type sensors have been reported. This review provides an overview that interprets and evaluates our current understanding of how plants sense macro and micronutrients in the rhizosphere and root symplast.
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Sampaio M, Neves J, Cardoso T, Pissarra J, Pereira S, Pereira C. Coping with Abiotic Stress in Plants-An Endomembrane Trafficking Perspective. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11030338. [PMID: 35161321 PMCID: PMC8838314 DOI: 10.3390/plants11030338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Plant cells face many changes through their life cycle and develop several mechanisms to cope with adversity. Stress caused by environmental factors is turning out to be more and more relevant as the human population grows and plant cultures start to fail. As eukaryotes, plant cells must coordinate several processes occurring between compartments and combine different pathways for protein transport to several cellular locations. Conventionally, these pathways begin at the ER, or endoplasmic reticulum, move through the Golgi and deliver cargo to the vacuole or to the plasma membrane. However, when under stress, protein trafficking in plants is compromised, usually leading to changes in the endomembrane system that may include protein transport through unconventional routes and alteration of morphology, activity and content of key organelles, as the ER and the vacuole. Such events provide the tools for cells to adapt and overcome the challenges brought on by stress. With this review, we gathered fragmented information on the subject, highlighting how such changes are processed within the endomembrane system and how it responds to an ever-changing environment. Even though the available data on this subject are still sparse, novel information is starting to untangle the complexity and dynamics of protein transport routes and their role in maintaining cell homeostasis under harsh conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Sampaio
- GreenUPorto—Sustainable Agrifood Production Research Centre/Inov4Agro, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, s/nº, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; (M.S.); (J.P.)
| | - João Neves
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, s/nº, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; (J.N.); (T.C.)
| | - Tatiana Cardoso
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, s/nº, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; (J.N.); (T.C.)
| | - José Pissarra
- GreenUPorto—Sustainable Agrifood Production Research Centre/Inov4Agro, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, s/nº, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; (M.S.); (J.P.)
| | - Susana Pereira
- GreenUPorto—Sustainable Agrifood Production Research Centre/Inov4Agro, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, s/nº, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; (M.S.); (J.P.)
| | - Cláudia Pereira
- GreenUPorto—Sustainable Agrifood Production Research Centre/Inov4Agro, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, s/nº, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; (M.S.); (J.P.)
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Lhamo D, Wang C, Gao Q, Luan S. Recent Advances in Genome-wide Analyses of Plant Potassium Transporter Families. Curr Genomics 2021; 22:164-180. [PMID: 34975289 PMCID: PMC8640845 DOI: 10.2174/1389202922666210225083634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants require potassium (K+) as a macronutrient to support numerous physiological processes. Understanding how this nutrient is transported, stored, and utilized within plants is crucial for breeding crops with high K+ use efficiency. As K+ is not metabolized, cross-membrane transport becomes a rate-limiting step for efficient distribution and utilization in plants. Several K+ transporter families, such as KUP/HAK/KT and KEA transporters and Shaker-like and TPK channels, play dominant roles in plant K+ transport processes. In this review, we provide a comprehensive contemporary overview of our knowledge about these K+ transporter families in angiosperms, with a major focus on the genome-wide identification of K+ transporter families, subcellular localization, spatial expression, function and regulation. We also expanded the genome-wide search for the K+ transporter genes and examined their tissue-specific expression in Camelina sativa, a polyploid oil-seed crop with a potential to adapt to marginal lands for biofuel purposes and contribution to sustainable agriculture. In addition, we present new insights and emphasis on the study of K+ transporters in polyploids in an effort to generate crops with high K+ Utilization Efficiency (KUE).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhondup Lhamo
- 1Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; 2School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Chao Wang
- 1Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; 2School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Qifei Gao
- 1Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; 2School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Sheng Luan
- 1Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; 2School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
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Neves J, Sampaio M, Séneca A, Pereira S, Pissarra J, Pereira C. Abiotic Stress Triggers the Expression of Genes Involved in Protein Storage Vacuole and Exocyst-Mediated Routes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910644. [PMID: 34638986 PMCID: PMC8508612 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Adverse conditions caused by abiotic stress modulate plant development and growth by altering morphological and cellular mechanisms. Plants’ responses/adaptations to stress often involve changes in the distribution and sorting of specific proteins and molecules. Still, little attention has been given to the molecular mechanisms controlling these rearrangements. We tested the hypothesis that plants respond to stress by remodelling their endomembranes and adapting their trafficking pathways. We focused on the molecular machinery behind organelle biogenesis and protein trafficking under abiotic stress conditions, evaluating their effects at the subcellular level, by looking at ultrastructural changes and measuring the expression levels of genes involved in well-known intracellular routes. The results point to a differential response of the endomembrane system, showing that the genes involved in the pathway to the Protein Storage Vacuole and the exocyst-mediated routes are upregulated. In contrast, the ones involved in the route to the Lytic Vacuole are downregulated. These changes are accompanied by morphological alterations of endomembrane compartments. The data obtained demonstrate that plants’ response to abiotic stress involves the differential expression of genes related to protein trafficking machinery, which can be connected to the activation/deactivation of specific intracellular sorting pathways and lead to alterations in the cell ultrastructure.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Neves
- Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, s/n°, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; (J.N.); (M.S.); (A.S.); (S.P.); (J.P.)
| | - Miguel Sampaio
- Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, s/n°, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; (J.N.); (M.S.); (A.S.); (S.P.); (J.P.)
- GreenUPorto-Sustainable Agrifood Production Research Centre, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, s/n°, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Séneca
- Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, s/n°, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; (J.N.); (M.S.); (A.S.); (S.P.); (J.P.)
- GreenUPorto-Sustainable Agrifood Production Research Centre, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, s/n°, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Susana Pereira
- Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, s/n°, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; (J.N.); (M.S.); (A.S.); (S.P.); (J.P.)
- GreenUPorto-Sustainable Agrifood Production Research Centre, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, s/n°, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - José Pissarra
- Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, s/n°, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; (J.N.); (M.S.); (A.S.); (S.P.); (J.P.)
- GreenUPorto-Sustainable Agrifood Production Research Centre, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, s/n°, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Pereira
- Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, s/n°, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; (J.N.); (M.S.); (A.S.); (S.P.); (J.P.)
- GreenUPorto-Sustainable Agrifood Production Research Centre, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, s/n°, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence:
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Hu W, Lu Z, Meng F, Li X, Cong R, Ren T, Sharkey TD, Lu J. Erratum. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 231:2398. [PMID: 34390258 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
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24
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Liang Y, Tabien RE, Tarpley L, Mohammed AR, Septiningsih EM. Transcriptome profiling of two rice genotypes under mild field drought stress during grain-filling stage. AOB PLANTS 2021; 13:plab043. [PMID: 34354811 PMCID: PMC8331054 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plab043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Drought is one of the most critical abiotic stresses that threaten crop production worldwide. This stress affects the rice crop in all stages of rice development; however, the occurrence during reproductive and grain-filling stages has the most impact on grain yield. Although many global transcriptomic studies have been performed during the reproductive stage in rice, very limited information is available for the grain-filling stage. Hence, we intend to investigate how the rice plant responds to drought stress during the grain-filling stage and how the responses change over time under field conditions. Two rice genotypes were selected for RNA-seq analysis: '4610', previously reported as a moderately tolerant breeding line, and Rondo, an elite indica rice cultivar susceptible to drought conditions. Additionally, 10 agronomic traits were evaluated under normal irrigated and drought conditions. Leaf tissues were collected during grain-filling stages at two time points, 14 and 21 days after the drought treatment, from both the drought field and normal irrigated field conditions. Based on agronomic performances, '4610' was less negatively affected than Rondo under mild drought conditions, and expression profiling largely aligned with the phenotypic data. The transcriptomic data indicated that, in general, '4610' had much earlier responses than its counterpart in mitigating the impact of drought stress. Several key genes and gene families related to drought stress or stress-related conditions were found differentially expressed in this study, including transcription factors, drought tolerance genes and reactive oxygen species scavengers. Furthermore, this study identified novel differentially expressed genes (DEGs) without function annotations that may play roles in drought tolerance-related functions. Some of the important DEGs detected in this study can be targeted for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuya Liang
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | | | - Lee Tarpley
- Texas A&M Agrilife Research Center, Beaumont, TX 77713, USA
| | | | - Endang M Septiningsih
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
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25
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Li Y, Zheng X, Tian Y, Ma C, Yang S, Wang C. Comparative transcriptome analysis of NaCl and KCl stress response in Malus hupehensis Rehd. Provide insight into the regulation involved in Na + and K + homeostasis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 164:101-114. [PMID: 33975146 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Apple is among the most widely cultivated perennial fruit crops worldwide. It is sensitive to salt stress, which seriously affects the growth and productivity of apple trees by destroying the homeostasis of Na+ and K+. Previous studies focused on the molecular mechanism underlying NaCl stress. However, signaling transduction under KCl stress has not been thoroughly studied. RESULTS We comprehensively analyzed the salt tolerance of Malus hupehensis Rehd., which is a widely used rootstock in apple orchards, by using RNA-Seq. Roots and leaves were treated with NaCl and KCl. Based on mapping analyses, a total of 762 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to NaCl and KCl stress in the roots and leaves were identified. Furthermore, we identified seven hub genes by WGCNA Analysis. The Gene Ontology (GO) terms were enriched in ion transmembrane transporter and oxidoreductase activity under NaCl and KCl stress. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways focused on the plant hormone signal transduction and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway. We also screened out 28 candidate genes from 762 DEGs and verified their expression by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). All of these enriched genes were closely related to NaCl and KCl stress and take part in mediating the Na+ and K+ homeostasis in M. hupehensis. CONCLUSIONS This transcriptome analysis provides a valuable resource for elucidating the signaling pathway of NaCl and KCl stress and is a substantial genetic resource for discovering genes related to the NaCl and KCl stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Li
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China; Qingdao Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Breeding in Horticulture Plants, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Xiaodong Zheng
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China; Qingdao Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Breeding in Horticulture Plants, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Yike Tian
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China; Qingdao Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Breeding in Horticulture Plants, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Changqing Ma
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China; Qingdao Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Breeding in Horticulture Plants, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Shaolan Yang
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China; Qingdao Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Breeding in Horticulture Plants, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Caihong Wang
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China; Qingdao Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Breeding in Horticulture Plants, Qingdao, 266109, China.
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Yan G, Fan X, Zheng W, Gao Z, Yin C, Li T, Liang Y. Silicon alleviates salt stress-induced potassium deficiency by promoting potassium uptake and translocation in rice (Oryza sativa L.). JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 258-259:153379. [PMID: 33639555 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2021.153379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Under salt stress, plants suffer from potassium (K) deficiency caused by excess salts in growth substrate. Silicon (Si) can promote K status in many plant species under salt stress, however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we assessed the effects of Si on K homeostasis in rice under salt stress and investigated the mechanisms behind using two low-Si rice mutants (lsi1 and lsi2) and their wild types (WTs). After five days' treatment with Si, plant growth was improved and salt stress-induced K deficiency was alleviated in WTs but not in mutants. Simultaneously, Si significantly enhanced K accumulation content, K uptake index and shoot K distribution rate in WTs but not in mutants. Besides, Si enhanced K concentration in xylem sap in WTs but not in mutants. Scanning ion-selected electrode technique (SIET) analysis showed net K influx rate was raised by Si addition under salt stress in WTs but not in mutants. Moreover, Si up-regulated the expression of genes responsible for K uptake (OsAKT1 and OsHAK1) and xylem loading (OsSKOR) in WTs but not in mutants. Overall, our results strongly indicate that Si can improve K uptake and translocation by up-regulating the expression of relevant genes, thereby promoting K status and alleviating salt stress in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guochao Yan
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xiaoping Fan
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Wanning Zheng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Zixiang Gao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Chang Yin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Tingqiang Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yongchao Liang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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Nestrerenko EO, Krasnoperova OE, Isayenkov SV. Potassium Transport Systems and Their Role in Stress Response, Plant Growth, and Development. CYTOL GENET+ 2021. [DOI: 10.3103/s0095452721010126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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28
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Zheng X, Li Y, Xi X, Ma C, Sun Z, Yang X, Li X, Tian Y, Wang C. Exogenous Strigolactones alleviate KCl stress by regulating photosynthesis, ROS migration and ion transport in Malus hupehensis Rehd. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 159:113-122. [PMID: 33359960 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
AIMS In recent years, the application of large amounts of potash fertilizer in apple orchards leads to worsening KCl stress. Strigolactone (SL), as a novel phytohormone, reportedly participates in plant tolerance to NaCl and drought stresses. However, the underlying mechanism and the effects of exogenous SL on the KCl stress of apple seedlings remain unclear. METHODS We sprayed different concentrations of exogenous SL on Malus hupehensis Rehd. under KCl stress and measured the physiological indexes like, photosynthetic parameter, content of ROS, osmolytes and mineral element. In addition, the expressions of KCl-responding genes and SL-signaling genes were also detected and analyzed. RESULTS Application of exogenous SL protected the chlorophyll and maintained the photosynthetic rate of apple seedlings under KCl stress. Exogenous SL strengthened the enzyme activities of peroxidase and catalase, thereby eliminating reactive oxygen species production induced by KCl stress, promoting the accumulation of proline, and maintaining osmotic balance. Exogenous SL expelled K+ outside of the cytoplasm and compartmentalized K+ into the vacuole, increased the contents of Na+, Mg2+, Fe2+, and Mn2+ in the cytoplasm to maintain the ion homeostasis under KCl stress. CONCLUSIONS Exogenous SL can regulate photosynthesis, ROS migration and ion transport in apple seedlings to alleviate KCl stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Zheng
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; Qingdao Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Breeding in Horticulture Plants, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Yuqi Li
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; Qingdao Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Breeding in Horticulture Plants, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Xiangli Xi
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; Qingdao Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Breeding in Horticulture Plants, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Changqing Ma
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; Qingdao Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Breeding in Horticulture Plants, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Zhijuan Sun
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Breeding in Horticulture Plants, Qingdao 266109, China; College of Life Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Xueqing Yang
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Xiangyang Li
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yike Tian
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; Qingdao Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Breeding in Horticulture Plants, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Caihong Wang
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; Qingdao Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Breeding in Horticulture Plants, Qingdao 266109, China.
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RNA-Seq Provides New Insights into the Molecular Events Involved in "Ball-Skin versus Bladder Effect" on Fruit Cracking in Litchi. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22010454. [PMID: 33466443 PMCID: PMC7796454 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Fruit cracking is a disorder of fruit development in response to internal or external cues, which causes a loss in the economic value of fruit. Therefore, exploring the mechanism underlying fruit cracking is of great significance to increase the economic yield of fruit trees. However, the molecular mechanism underlying fruit cracking is still poorly understood. Litchi, as an important tropical and subtropical fruit crop, contributes significantly to the gross agricultural product in Southeast Asia. One important agricultural concern in the litchi industry is that some famous varieties with high economic value such as ‘Nuomici’ are susceptible to fruit cracking. Here, the cracking-susceptible cultivar ‘Nuomici’ and cracking-resistant cultivar ‘Huaizhi’ were selected, and the samples including pericarp and aril during fruit development and cracking were collected for RNA-Seq analysis. Based on weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) and the “ball-skin versus bladder effect” theory (fruit cracking occurs upon the aril expanding pressure exceeds the pericarp strength), it was found that seven co-expression modules genes (1733 candidate genes) were closely associated with fruit cracking in ‘Nuomici’. Importantly, we propose that the low expression level of genes related to plant hormones (Auxin, Gibberellins, Ethylene), transcription factors, calcium transport and signaling, and lipid synthesis might decrease the mechanical strength of pericarp in ‘Nuomici’, while high expression level of genes associated with plant hormones (Auxin and abscisic acid), transcription factors, starch/sucrose metabolism, and sugar/water transport might increase the aril expanding pressure, thereby resulting in fruit cracking in ‘Nuomici’. In conclusion, our results provide comprehensive molecular events involved in the “ball-skin versus bladder effect” on fruit cracking in litchi.
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Potassium: A key modulator for cell homeostasis. J Biotechnol 2020; 324:198-210. [PMID: 33080306 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2020.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Potassium (K) is the most vital and abundant macro element for the overall growth of plants and its deficiency or, excess concentration results in many diseases in plants. It is involved in regulation of many crucial roles in plant development. Depending on soil-root interactions, complex soil dynamics often results in unpredictable availability of the elements. Based on the importance index, K is considered to be the second only to nitrogen for the overall growth of plants. More than 60 enzymes within the plant system depend on K for its activation, in which K act as a key regulator. K helps plants to resist several abiotic and biotic stresses in the environment. We have reviewed the research progress about K's role in plants covering various important considerations of K highlighting the effects of microbes on soil K+; K and its contribution to adsorbed dose in plants; the importance of K+ deficiency; physiological functions of K+ transporters and channels; and interference of abiotic stressor in the regulatory role of K. This review further highlights the scope of future research regarding K.
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31
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Feng X, Liu W, Cao F, Wang Y, Zhang G, Chen ZH, Wu F. Overexpression of HvAKT1 improves drought tolerance in barley by regulating root ion homeostasis and ROS and NO signaling. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:6587-6600. [PMID: 32766860 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Potassium (K+) is the major cationic inorganic nutrient utilized for osmotic regulation, cell growth, and enzyme activation in plants. Inwardly rectifying K+ channel 1 (AKT1) is the primary channel for root K+ uptake in plants, but the function of HvAKT1 in barley plants under drought stress has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we conducted evolutionary bioinformatics, biotechnological, electrophysiological, and biochemical assays to explore molecular mechanisms of HvAKT1 in response to drought in barley. The expression of HvAKT1 was significantly up-regulated by drought stress in the roots of XZ5-a drought-tolerant wild barley genotype. We isolated and functionally characterized the plasma membrane-localized HvAKT1 using Agrobacterium-mediated plant transformation and Barley stripe mosaic virus-induced gene silencing of HvAKT1 in barley. Evolutionary bioinformatics indicated that the K+ selective filter in AKT1 originated from streptophyte algae and is evolutionarily conserved in land plants. Silencing of HvAKT1 resulted in significantly decreased biomass and suppressed K+ uptake in root epidermal cells under drought treatment. Disruption of HvAKT1 decreased root H+ efflux, H+-ATPase activity, and nitric oxide (NO) synthesis, but increased hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production in the roots under drought stress. Furthermore, we observed that overexpression of HvAKT1 improves K+ uptake and increases drought resistance in barley. Our results highlight the importance of HvAKT1 for root K+ uptake and its pleiotropic effects on root H+-ATPase, and H2O2 and NO in response to drought stress, providing new insights into the genetic basis of drought tolerance and K+ nutrition in barley.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Feng
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenxing Liu
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fangbin Cao
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yizhou Wang
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guoping Zhang
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhong-Hua Chen
- School of Science, Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Feibo Wu
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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32
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Whitt L, Ricachenevsky FK, Ziegler GZ, Clemens S, Walker E, Maathuis FJM, Kear P, Baxter I. A curated list of genes that affect the plant ionome. PLANT DIRECT 2020; 4:e00272. [PMID: 33103043 PMCID: PMC7576880 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms underlying plants' adaptation to their environment will require knowledge of the genes and alleles underlying elemental composition. Modern genetics is capable of quickly, and cheaply indicating which regions of DNA are associated with particular phenotypes in question, but most genes remain poorly annotated, hindering the identification of candidate genes. To help identify candidate genes underlying elemental accumulations, we have created the known ionome gene (KIG) list: a curated collection of genes experimentally shown to change uptake, accumulation, and distribution of elements. We have also created an automated computational pipeline to generate lists of KIG orthologs in other plant species using the PhytoMine database. The current version of KIG consists of 176 known genes covering 5 species, 23 elements, and their 1588 orthologs in 10 species. Analysis of the known genes demonstrated that most were identified in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, and that transporter coding genes and genes altering the accumulation of iron and zinc are overrepresented in the current list.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Whitt
- Donald Danforth Plant Science CenterSaint LouisMOUSA
| | - Felipe Klein Ricachenevsky
- Departamento de Botânica Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Biologia Celular e MolecularUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulPorto AlegreBrazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ivan Baxter
- Donald Danforth Plant Science CenterSaint LouisMOUSA
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Hu W, Lu Z, Meng F, Li X, Cong R, Ren T, Sharkey TD, Lu J. The reduction in leaf area precedes that in photosynthesis under potassium deficiency: the importance of leaf anatomy. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 227:1749-1763. [PMID: 32367581 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Synergistic improvement in leaf photosynthetic area and rate is essential for enhancing crop yield. However, reduction in leaf area occurs earlier than that in the photosynthetic rate under potassium (K) deficiency stress. The photosynthetic capacity and anatomical characteristics of oilseed rape (Brassica napus) leaves in different growth stages under different K levels were observed to clarify the mechanism regulating this process. Increased mesophyll cell size and palisade tissue thickness, in K-deficient leaves triggered significant enlargement of mesophyll cell area per transverse section width (S/W), in turn inhibiting leaf expansion. However, there was only a minor difference in chloroplast morphology, likely because of K redistribution from vacuole to chloroplast. As K stress increased, decreased mesophyll surface exposed to intercellular space and chloroplast density induced longer distances between neighbouring chloroplasts (Dchl-chl ) and decreased the chloroplast surface area exposed to intercellular space (Sc /S); conversely this induced a greater limitation imposed by the cytosol on CO2 transport, further reducing the photosynthetic rate. Changes in S/W associated with mesophyll cell morphology occurred earlier than changes in Sc /S and Dchl-chl , inducing a decrease in leaf area before photosynthetic rate reduction. Adequate K nutrition simultaneously increases photosynthetic area and rate, thus enhancing crop yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenshi Hu
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zhifeng Lu
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Fanjin Meng
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xiaokun Li
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Rihuan Cong
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Tao Ren
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Thomas D Sharkey
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Jianwei Lu
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, 430070, China
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Feng X, Liu W, Qiu C, Zeng F, Wang Y, Zhang G, Chen Z, Wu F. HvAKT2 and HvHAK1 confer drought tolerance in barley through enhanced leaf mesophyll H + homoeostasis. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2020; 18:1683-1696. [PMID: 31917885 PMCID: PMC7336388 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Plant K+ uptake typically consists low-affinity mechanisms mediated by Shaker K+ channels (AKT/KAT/KC) and high-affinity mechanisms regulated by HAK/KUP/KT transporters, which are extensively studied. However, the evolutionary and genetic roles of both K+ uptake mechanisms for drought tolerance are not fully explored in crops adapted to dryland agriculture. Here, we employed evolutionary bioinformatics, biotechnological and electrophysiological approaches to determine the role of two important K+ transporters HvAKT2 and HvHAK1 in drought tolerance in barley. HvAKT2 and HvHAK1 were cloned and functionally characterized using barley stripe mosaic virus-induced gene silencing (BSMV-VIGS) in drought-tolerant wild barley XZ5 and agrobacterium-mediated gene transfer in the barley cultivar Golden Promise. The hallmarks of the K+ selective filters of AKT2 and HAK1 are both found in homologues from strepotophyte algae, and they are evolutionarily conserved in strepotophyte algae and land plants. HvAKT2 and HvHAK1 are both localized to the plasma membrane and have high selectivity to K+ and Rb+ over other tested cations. Overexpression of HvAKT2 and HvHAK1 enhanced K+ uptake and H+ homoeostasis leading to drought tolerance in these transgenic lines. Moreover, HvAKT2- and HvHAK1-overexpressing lines showed distinct response of K+ , H+ and Ca2+ fluxes across plasma membrane and production of nitric oxide and hydrogen peroxide in leaves as compared to the wild type and silenced lines. High- and low-affinity K+ uptake mechanisms and their coordination with H+ homoeostasis play essential roles in drought adaptation of wild barley. These findings can potentially facilitate future breeding programs for resilient cereal crops in a changing global climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Feng
- Department of AgronomyCollege of Agriculture and BiotechnologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Jiangsu Co‐Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain CropsYangzhou UniversityYangzhouChina
| | - Wenxing Liu
- Department of AgronomyCollege of Agriculture and BiotechnologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Cheng‐Wei Qiu
- Department of AgronomyCollege of Agriculture and BiotechnologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Jiangsu Co‐Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain CropsYangzhou UniversityYangzhouChina
| | - Fanrong Zeng
- Department of AgronomyCollege of Agriculture and BiotechnologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Yizhou Wang
- Department of AgronomyCollege of Agriculture and BiotechnologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Guoping Zhang
- Department of AgronomyCollege of Agriculture and BiotechnologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Zhong‐Hua Chen
- School of ScienceHawkesbury Institute for the EnvironmentWestern Sydney UniversityPenrithNSWAustralia
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain IndustryCollege of AgricultureYangtze UniversityJingzhouChina
| | - Feibo Wu
- Department of AgronomyCollege of Agriculture and BiotechnologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Jiangsu Co‐Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain CropsYangzhou UniversityYangzhouChina
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Lin Y, Yi X, Tang S, Chen W, Wu F, Yang X, Jiang X, Shi H, Ma J, Chen G, Chen G, Zheng Y, Wei Y, Liu Y. Dissection of Phenotypic and Genetic Variation of Drought-Related Traits in Diverse Chinese Wheat Landraces. THE PLANT GENOME 2019; 12:1-14. [PMID: 33016597 DOI: 10.3835/plantgenome2019.03.0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Variations in 16 seedling traits under normal and drought conditions were investigated. Extremely resistant and sensitive accessions were identified for future analyses. Under normal and drought conditions, 57 and 29 QTL were identified, respectively. A total of 77 candidate genes were identified, and four were validated by qRT-PCR. Drought is one of the most important abiotic stressors affecting wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production. To improve wheat yield, a better understanding of the genetic control of traits governing drought resistance is paramount. Here, using 645 wheat landraces, we evaluated 16 seedling traits related to root and shoot growth and water content under normal and drought (induced by polyethylene glycol) conditions. Extremely resistant and sensitive accessions were identified for future drought-resistance breeding and further genetic analyses. A genome-wide association study was performed for the 16 traits using 52,118 diversity arrays technology sequencing (DArT-seq) markers. A total of 57 quantitative trait loci (QTL) were detected for seven traits under normal conditions, whereas 29 QTL were detected for eight traits under drought conditions. On the basis of these markers, we identified 56 candidate genes for six seedling traits under normal conditions, and 21 candidate genes for seven seedling traits under drought conditions. Four candidate genes were validated under normal and drought conditions using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) data. The co-localization of the flowering date and drought-related traits indicates that the regulatory networks of flowering may also respond to drought stress or are associated with the correlated responses of these traits. The phenotypic and genetic elucidation of drought-related traits will assist future gene discovery efforts and provide a basis for breeding drought-resistant wheat cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Lin
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural Univ., Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xin Yi
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural Univ., Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Si Tang
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural Univ., Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural Univ., Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Fangkun Wu
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural Univ., Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xilan Yang
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural Univ., Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xiaojun Jiang
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural Univ., Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Haoran Shi
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural Univ., Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Jian Ma
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural Univ., Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Guangdeng Chen
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural Univ., Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Guoyue Chen
- College of resources, Sichuan Agricultural Univ., Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Youliang Zheng
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural Univ., Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yuming Wei
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural Univ., Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yaxi Liu
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural Univ., Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China
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Ijaz B, Formentin E, Ronci B, Locato V, Barizza E, Hyder MZ, Lo Schiavo F, Yasmin T. Salt tolerance in indica rice cell cultures depends on a fine tuning of ROS signalling and homeostasis. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0213986. [PMID: 31039145 PMCID: PMC6490951 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0213986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Among cereal crops, salinity tolerance is rare and complex. Multiple genes control numerous pathways, which constitute plant's response to salinity. Cell cultures act as model system and are useful to investigate the salinity response which can possibly mimic a plant's response to stress. In the present study two indica rice varieties, KS-282 and Super Basmati which exhibited contrasting sodium chloride (NaCl) stress response were used to establish cell cultures. The cell cultures showed a contrasting response to salt stress at 100 mM NaCl. High level of intracellular hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and nitric oxide (NO) were observed in sensitive cell culture for prolonged period as compared to the tolerant cells in which an extracellular H2O2 burst along with controlled intracellular H2O2 and NO signal was seen. To evaluate the role of NO in inducing cell death under salt stress, cell death percentage (CDP) was measured after 2-4-carboxyphenyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide (cPTIO) pre-treatment. CDP was reduced significantly in both tolerant and sensitive cell cultures emphasizing NO's possible role in programmed cell death. Expression analysis of apoplastic NADPH oxidase, i.e. OsRbohA and recently characterised OSCA family members i.e. OsOSCA 1.2 and OsOSCA 3.1 was done. Intracellular H2O2/NO levels displayed an interplay between Ca2+ influx and ROS/RNS signal. Detoxifying enzyme (i.e. ascorbate peroxidase and catalase) activity was considerably higher in tolerant KS-282 while the activity of superoxide dismutase was significantly prominent in the sensitive cells triggering greater oxidative damage owing to the prolonged presence of intracellular H2O2. Salt stress and ROS responsive TFs i.e. OsSERF1 and OsDREB2A were expressed exclusively in the tolerant cells. Similarly, the expression of genes involved in maintaining high [K+]/[Na+] ratio was considerably higher and earlier in the tolerant variety. Overall, we suggest that a control over ROS production, and an increase in the expression of genes important for potassium homeostasis play a dynamic role in salinity tolerance in rice cell cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bushra Ijaz
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Beatrice Ronci
- Department of Scienze biochimiche e della nutrizione, University Campus Bio-Medico Rome, Italy
| | - Vittoria Locato
- Department of Scienze biochimiche e della nutrizione, University Campus Bio-Medico Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Tayyaba Yasmin
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Isayenkov SV, Maathuis FJM. Plant Salinity Stress: Many Unanswered Questions Remain. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:80. [PMID: 30828339 PMCID: PMC6384275 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 390] [Impact Index Per Article: 78.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Salinity is a major threat to modern agriculture causing inhibition and impairment of crop growth and development. Here, we not only review recent advances in salinity stress research in plants but also revisit some basic perennial questions that still remain unanswered. In this review, we analyze the physiological, biochemical, and molecular aspects of Na+ and Cl- uptake, sequestration, and transport associated with salinity. We discuss the role and importance of symplastic versus apoplastic pathways for ion uptake and critically evaluate the role of different types of membrane transporters in Na+ and Cl- uptake and intercellular and intracellular ion distribution. Our incomplete knowledge regarding possible mechanisms of salinity sensing by plants is evaluated. Furthermore, a critical evaluation of the mechanisms of ion toxicity leads us to believe that, in contrast to currently held ideas, toxicity only plays a minor role in the cytosol and may be more prevalent in the vacuole. Lastly, the multiple roles of K+ in plant salinity stress are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav V. Isayenkov
- Department of Plant Food Products and Biofortification, Institute of Food Biotechnology and Genomics NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
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38
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Nieves-Cordones M, García-Sánchez F, Pérez-Pérez JG, Colmenero-Flores JM, Rubio F, Rosales MA. Coping With Water Shortage: An Update on the Role of K +, Cl -, and Water Membrane Transport Mechanisms on Drought Resistance. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1619. [PMID: 31921262 PMCID: PMC6934057 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Drought is now recognized as the abiotic stress that causes most problems in agriculture, mainly due to the strong water demand from intensive culture and the effects of climate change, especially in arid/semi-arid areas. When plants suffer from water deficit (WD), a plethora of negative physiological alterations such as cell turgor loss, reduction of CO2 net assimilation rate, oxidative stress damage, and nutritional imbalances, among others, can lead to a decrease in the yield production and loss of commercial quality. Nutritional imbalances in plants grown under drought stress occur by decreasing water uptake and leaf transpiration, combined by alteration of nutrient uptake and long-distance transport processes. Plants try to counteract these effects by activating drought resistance mechanisms. Correct accumulation of salts and water constitutes an important portion of these mechanisms, in particular of those related to the cell osmotic adjustment and function of stomata. In recent years, molecular insights into the regulation of K+, Cl-, and water transport under drought have been gained. Therefore, this article brings an update on this topic. Moreover, agronomical practices that ameliorate drought symptoms of crops by improving nutrient homeostasis will also be presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Nieves-Cordones
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura–CSIC, Murcia, Spain
- *Correspondence: Manuel Nieves-Cordones,
| | - Francisco García-Sánchez
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura–CSIC, Murcia, Spain
| | - Juan G. Pérez-Pérez
- Centro para el Desarrollo de la Agricultura Sostenible (CDAS), Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), Valencia, Spain
| | - Jose M. Colmenero-Flores
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Sevilla, Spain
| | - Francisco Rubio
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura–CSIC, Murcia, Spain
| | - Miguel A. Rosales
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Sevilla, Spain
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Xiang J, Zhou X, Zhang X, Liu A, Xiang Y, Yan M, Peng Y, Chen X. The Arabidopsis AtUNC-93 Acts as a Positive Regulator of Abiotic Stress Tolerance and Plant Growth via Modulation of ABA Signaling and K + Homeostasis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:718. [PMID: 29899751 PMCID: PMC5989354 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Potassium (K+) is one of the essential macronutrients required for plant growth and development, and the maintenance of cellular K+ homeostasis is important for plants to adapt to abiotic stresses and growth. However, the mechanism involved has not been understood clearly. In this study, we demonstrated that AtUNC-93 plays a crucial role in this process under the control of abscisic acid (ABA). AtUNC-93 was localized to the plasma membrane and mainly expressed in the vascular tissues in Arabidopsis thaliana. The atunc-93 mutants showed typical K+-deficient symptoms under low-K+ conditions. The K+ contents of atunc-93 mutants were significantly reduced in shoots but not in roots under either low-K+ or normal conditions compared with wild type plants, whereas the AtUNC-93-overexpressing lines still maintained relatively higher K+ contents in shoots under low-K+ conditions, suggesting that AtUNC-93 positively regulates K+ translocation from roots to shoots. The atunc-93 plants exhibited dwarf phenotypes due to reduced cell expansion, while AtUNC-93-overexpressing plants had larger bodies because of increased cell expansion. After abiotic stress and ABA treatments, the atunc-93 mutants was more sensitive to salt, drought, osmotic, heat stress and ABA than wild type plants, while the AtUNC-93-overexpressing lines showed enhanced tolerance to these stresses and insensitive phenotype to ABA. Furthermore, alterations in the AtUNC-93 expression changed expression of many ABA-responsive and stress-related genes. Our findings reveal that AtUNC-93 functions as a positive regulator of abiotic stress tolerance and plant growth by maintaining K+ homeostasis through ABA signaling pathway in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Xiang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Institute of Ecological Landscape Restoration, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, China
| | - Xiaoyun Zhou
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Xianwen Zhang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Ailing Liu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Yanci Xiang
- Institute of Ecological Landscape Restoration, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, China
| | - Mingli Yan
- School of Life Sciences, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, China
| | - Yan Peng
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Xinbo Chen
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
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40
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Wang S, Song M, Guo J, Huang Y, Zhang F, Xu C, Xiao Y, Zhang L. The potassium channel FaTPK1 plays a critical role in fruit quality formation in strawberry ( Fragaria × ananassa). PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2018; 16:737-748. [PMID: 28851008 PMCID: PMC5814577 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 07/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Potassium (K+), an abundant cation in plant cells, is important in fruit development and plant resistance. However, how cellular K+ is directed by potassium channels in fruit development and quality formation of strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) is not yet fully clear. Here, a two‐pore K+ (TPK) channel gene in strawberry, FaTPK1, was cloned using reverse transcription–PCR. A green fluorescent protein subcellular localization analysis showed that FaTPK1 localized in the vacuole membrane. A transcription analysis indicated that the mRNA expression level of FaTPK1 increased rapidly and was maintained at a high level in ripened fruit, which was coupled with the fruit's red colour development, suggesting that FaTPK1 is related to fruit quality formation. The down‐ and up‐regulation of the FaTPK1mRNA expression levels using RNA interference and overexpression, respectively, inhibited and promoted fruit ripening, respectively, as demonstrated by consistent changes in firmness and the contents of soluble sugars, anthocyanin and abscisic acid, as well as the transcript levels of ripening‐regulated genes PG1 (polygalacturonase), GAL6 (beta‐galactosidase), XYL2 (D‐xylulose reductase), SUT1 (sucrose transporter), CHS (chalcone synthase) and CHI (chalcone flavanone isomerase). Additionally, the regulatory changes influenced fruit resistance to Botrytis cinerea. An isothermal calorimetry analysis showed that the Escherichia coli‐expressed FaTPK1 recombinant protein could bind K+ with a binding constant of 2.1 × 10–3 m−1 and a dissociation constant of 476 μm. Thus, the strawberry TPK1 is a ubiquitously expressed, tonoplast‐localized two‐pore potassium channel that plays important roles in fruit ripening and quality formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shufang Wang
- College of HorticultureChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
- Department of resources and environmentBeijing University of AgricultureBeijingChina
| | - Miaoyu Song
- Department of resources and environmentBeijing University of AgricultureBeijingChina
| | - Jiaxuan Guo
- Department of resources and environmentBeijing University of AgricultureBeijingChina
| | - Yun Huang
- Department of resources and environmentBeijing University of AgricultureBeijingChina
| | - Fangfang Zhang
- College of HorticultureChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Cheng Xu
- College of HorticultureChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yinghui Xiao
- College of HorticultureChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Lusheng Zhang
- College of HorticultureChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
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41
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Formentin E, Sudiro C, Perin G, Riccadonna S, Barizza E, Baldoni E, Lavezzo E, Stevanato P, Sacchi GA, Fontana P, Toppo S, Morosinotto T, Zottini M, Lo Schiavo F. Transcriptome and Cell Physiological Analyses in Different Rice Cultivars Provide New Insights Into Adaptive and Salinity Stress Responses. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:204. [PMID: 29556243 PMCID: PMC5844958 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Salinity tolerance has been extensively investigated in recent years due to its agricultural importance. Several features, such as the regulation of ionic transporters and metabolic adjustments, have been identified as salt tolerance hallmarks. Nevertheless, due to the complexity of the trait, the results achieved to date have met with limited success in improving the salt tolerance of rice plants when tested in the field, thus suggesting that a better understanding of the tolerance mechanisms is still required. In this work, differences between two varieties of rice with contrasting salt sensitivities were revealed by the imaging of photosynthetic parameters, ion content analysis and a transcriptomic approach. The transcriptomic analysis conducted on tolerant plants supported the setting up of an adaptive program consisting of sodium distribution preferentially limited to the roots and older leaves, and in the activation of regulatory mechanisms of photosynthesis in the new leaves. As a result, plants resumed grow even under prolonged saline stress. In contrast, in the sensitive variety, RNA-seq analysis revealed a misleading response, ending in senescence and cell death. The physiological response at the cellular level was investigated by measuring the intracellular profile of H2O2 in the roots, using a fluorescent probe. In the roots of tolerant plants, a quick response was observed with an increase in H2O2 production within 5 min after salt treatment. The expression analysis of some of the genes involved in perception, signal transduction and salt stress response confirmed their early induction in the roots of tolerant plants compared to sensitive ones. By inhibiting the synthesis of apoplastic H2O2, a reduction in the expression of these genes was detected. Our results indicate that quick H2O2 signaling in the roots is part of a coordinated response that leads to adaptation instead of senescence in salt-treated rice plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elide Formentin
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- *Correspondence: Elide Formentin,
| | | | - Giorgio Perin
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Samantha Riccadonna
- Research and Innovation Centre, Edmund Mach Foundation, San Michele all’Adige, Italy
| | | | - Elena Baldoni
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences - Production, Landscape, Agroenergy, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Enrico Lavezzo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Piergiorgio Stevanato
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and the Environment, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Gian Attilio Sacchi
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences - Production, Landscape, Agroenergy, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Fontana
- Research and Innovation Centre, Edmund Mach Foundation, San Michele all’Adige, Italy
| | - Stefano Toppo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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42
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Chen G, Liu C, Gao Z, Zhang Y, Jiang H, Zhu L, Ren D, Yu L, Xu G, Qian Q. OsHAK1, a High-Affinity Potassium Transporter, Positively Regulates Responses to Drought Stress in Rice. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1885. [PMID: 29163608 PMCID: PMC5671996 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Drought is one of the environmental factors that severely restrict plant distribution and crop production. Recently, we reported that the high-affinity potassium transporter OsHAK1 plays important roles in K acquisition and translocation in rice over low and high K concentration ranges, however, knowledge on the regulatory roles of OsHAK1 in osmotic/drought stress is limited. Here, transcript levels of OsHAK1 were found transiently elevated by water deficit in roots and shoots, consistent with the enhanced GUS activity in transgenic plants under stress. Under drought conditions, OsHAK1 knockout mutants (KO) presented lower tolerance to the stress and displayed stunted growth at both the vegetative and reproductive stages. Phenotypic analysis of OsHAK1 overexpression seedlings (Ox) demonstrated that they present better tolerance to drought stress than wild-type (WT). Compared to WT seedlings, OsHAK1 overexpressors had lower level of lipid peroxidation, higher activities of antioxidant enzymes (POX and CAT) and higher proline accumulation. Furthermore, qPCR analysis revealed that OsHAK1 act as a positive regulator of the expression of stress-responsive genes as well as of two well-known rice channel genes (OsTPKb and OsAKT1) involved in K homeostasis and stress responses in transgenic plants under dehydration. Most important, OsHAK1-Ox plants displayed enhanced drought tolerance at the reproductive stage, resulting in 35% more grain yield than WT under drought conditions, and without exhibiting significant differences under normal growth conditions. Consequently, OsHAK1 can be considered to be used in molecular breeding for improvement of drought tolerance in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Chen
- State Key Lab for Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, MOA Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Lower-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chaolei Liu
- State Key Lab for Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhenyu Gao
- State Key Lab for Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Lab for Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongzhen Jiang
- State Key Lab for Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Zhu
- State Key Lab for Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Deyong Ren
- State Key Lab for Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ling Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, MOA Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Lower-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guohua Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, MOA Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Lower-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qian Qian
- State Key Lab for Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
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43
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Wang Y, Wu WH. Regulation of potassium transport and signaling in plants. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 39:123-128. [PMID: 28710919 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2017.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2017] [Revised: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
As an essential macronutrient, potassium (K+) plays crucial roles in diverse physiological processes during plant growth and development. The K+ concentration in soils is relatively low and fluctuating. Plants are able to perceive external K+ changes and generate chemical and physical signals in plant cells. The signals can be transducted across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol, and eventually regulates the downstream targets, particularly K+ channels and transporters. As a result, K+ homeostasis in plant cells is modulated, which facilitates plant adaptation to K+ deficient conditions. This minireview focuses on the latest research progress in the diverse functions of K+ channels and transporters as well as their regulatory mechanisms in plant response to low-K+ stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry (SKLPPB), College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wei-Hua Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry (SKLPPB), College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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Shi F, Dong Y, Zhang Y, Yang X, Qiu D. Overexpression of the PeaT1 Elicitor Gene from Alternaria tenuissima Improves Drought Tolerance in Rice Plants via Interaction with a Myo-Inositol Oxygenase. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:970. [PMID: 28649255 PMCID: PMC5465376 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Abiotic stresses, especially drought, seriously threaten cereal crops yields and quality. In this study, we observed that the rice plants of overexpression the Alternariatenuissima PeaT1 gene showed enhanced drought stress tolerance and increased the survival rate following a drought treatment. In PeaT1-overexpressing (PeaT1OE) plants, abscisic acid and chlorophyll content significantly increased, while the malondialdehyde (MDA) content decreased compared with the wild-type plants. Additionally, we confirmed that the transcript levels of drought-responsive genes, including OsAM1, OsLP2, and OsDST, were prominently lower in the PeaT1OE plants. In contrast, expression levels of genes encoding positive drought stress regulators including OsSKIPa, OsCPK9, OsNAC9, OSEREBP1, and OsTPKb were upregulated in PeaT1OE plants. Furthermore, combing the yeast two-hybrid assay, we found that PeaT1 could interact with amyo-inositol oxygenase (OsMIOX), which was verified by pull-down assay. Interestingly, OsMIOX was highly expressed in PeaT1OE plants during the drought treatment. Additionally, the OsMIOX-GFP fusion protein co-localized with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) marker in tobacco protoplasts, suggesting OsMIOX performs its function in ER. Therefore, our results are useful for elucidating the molecular mechanism underlying the improvement of drought tolerance by PeaT1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fachao Shi
- Key Laboratory for Biological Control of the Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Yijie Dong
- Key Laboratory for Biological Control of the Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Biological Control of the Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Xiufeng Yang
- Key Laboratory for Biological Control of the Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Dewen Qiu
- Key Laboratory for Biological Control of the Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing, China
- *Correspondence: Dewen Qiu,
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