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Netherway T, Bahram M. Melanized root-associated fungi: key players in plant-soil systems. Trends Microbiol 2024:S0966-842X(24)00169-0. [PMID: 38987052 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2024.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Melanized root-associated fungi are a group of fungi that produce melanized structures and form root associations, including different mycorrhizal and endophytic symbioses with plants. They are pervasive across terrestrial ecosystems and play an important role in the prevailing soil carbon (C) and nutrient cycling syndromes through direct and indirect mechanisms, where they may strongly modulate plant-microbe interactions and structure root and soil microbiomes. Furthermore, melanized root-associated fungi can confer on plants an enhanced ability to tolerate abiotic and biotic stressors such as drought, extreme temperatures, heavy metals, and pathogen attacks. We propose that melanized root-associated fungi are a cohesive and ecologically relevant grouping that can be an indicator of plant-soil system functioning, and considering them will advance research on plant-soil interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarquin Netherway
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Ulls väg 16, 756 51 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Mohammad Bahram
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Ulls väg 16, 756 51 Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Slagelse, Denmark; Department of Botany, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
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Mujica MI, Herrera H, Cisternas M, Zuniga-Feest A, Sagredo-Saez C, Selosse MA. Mycorrhizas in South American Ericaceae. MYCORRHIZA 2024; 34:1-18. [PMID: 38512497 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-024-01141-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Mycorrhizal symbioses (mycorrhizas) of Ericaceae, including ericoid mycorrhiza (ErM), have been mainly studied in the Northern Hemisphere, although the highest diversity of ericaceous plants is located in the Southern Hemisphere, where several regions remain largely unexplored. One of them is South America, which harbors a remarkably high diversity of Ericaceae (691 species and 33 genera) in a wide range of environmental conditions, and a specific mycorrhizal type called cavendishioid. In this review, we compile all available information on mycorrhizas of Ericaceae in South America. We report data on the mycorrhizal type and fungal diversity in 17 and 11 ericaceous genera, respectively. We show that South American Ericaceae exhibit a high diversity of habitats and life forms and that some species from typical ErM subfamilies may also host arbuscular mycorrhiza. Also, a possible geographical pattern in South American ErM fungal communities is suggested, with Sebacinales being the dominant mycorrhizal partners of the Andean clade species from tropical mountains, while archetypal ErM fungi are common partners in southern South America species. The gathered information challenges some common assumptions about ErM and suggests that focusing on understudied regions would improve our understanding of the evolution of mycorrhizal associations in this intriguing family.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Isabel Mujica
- Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.
| | - Héctor Herrera
- Laboratorio de Silvicultura, Departamento de Ciencias Forestales, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Medioambiente, Universidad de La Frontera, 4811230, Temuco, Chile
| | - Mauricio Cisternas
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, INIA-La Cruz, La Cruz, Chile
| | - Alejandra Zuniga-Feest
- Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Cristiane Sagredo-Saez
- Laboratorio de Silvicultura, Departamento de Ciencias Forestales, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Medioambiente, Universidad de La Frontera, 4811230, Temuco, Chile
| | - Marc-André Selosse
- Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité (UMR 7205-CNRS, MNHN, UPMC, EPHE), Muséum National d'Histoire naturelle, Sorbonne Universités, 57 rue Cuvier, 75005, Paris, France
- Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, ul. Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Paris, France
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Vohník M, Bruzone MC, Knoblochová T, Fernández NV, Kolaříková Z, Větrovský T, Fontenla SB. Exploring structural and molecular diversity of Ericaceae hair root mycobionts: a comparison between Northern Bohemia and Argentine Patagonia. MYCORRHIZA 2023; 33:425-447. [PMID: 37792114 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-023-01125-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Core Ericaceae produce delicate hair roots with inflated rhizodermal cells that host plethora of fungal symbionts. These poorly known mycobionts include various endophytes, parasites, saprobes, and the ericoid mycorrhizal (ErM) fungi (ErMF) that form the ErM symbiosis crucial for the fitness of their hosts. Using microscopy and high-throughput sequencing, we investigated their structural and molecular diversity in 14 different host × site combinations in Northern Bohemia (Central Europe) and Argentine Patagonia (South America). While we found typical ericoid mycorrhiza in all combinations, we did not detect ectomycorrhiza and arbuscular mycorrhiza. Superficial mantles of various thickness formed by non-clamped hyphae were observed in all combinations except Calluna vulgaris from N. Bohemia. Some samples contained frequent intercellular hyphae while others possessed previously unreported intracellular haustoria-like structures linked with intracellular hyphal coils. The 711 detected fungal OTU were dominated by Ascomycota (563) and Basidiomycota (119), followed by four other phyla. Ascomycetes comprised Helotiales (255), Pleosporales (53), Chaetothyriales (42), and other 19 orders, while basidiomycetes Sebacinales (42), Agaricales (28), Auriculariales (7), and other 14 orders. While many dominant OTU from both hemispheres lacked close relatives in reference databases, many were very similar to identical to unnamed sequences from around the world. On the other hand, several significant ericaceous mycobionts were absent in our dataset, incl. Cairneyella, Gamarada, Kurtia, Lachnum, and Leohumicola. Most of the detected OTU could not be reliably linked to a particular trophic mode, and only two could be reliably assigned to the archetypal ErMF Hyaloscypha hepaticicola. Probable ErMF comprised Hyaloscypha variabilis and Oidiodendron maius, both detected only in N. Bohemia. Possible ErMF comprised sebacinoid fungi and several unnamed members of Hyaloscypha s. str. While H. hepaticicola was dominant only in C. vulgaris, this model ErM host lacked O. maius and sebacinoid mycobionts. Hyaloscypha hepaticicola was absent in two and very rare in six combinations from Patagonia. Nine OTU represented dark septate endophytes from the Phialocephala fortinii s. lat.-Acephala applanata species complex, including the most abundant OTU (the only detected in all combinations). Statistical analyses revealed marked differences between N. Bohemia and Patagonia, but also within Patagonia, due to the unique community detected in a Valdivian temperate rainforest. Our results show that the ericaceous hair roots may host diverse mycobionts with mostly unknown functions and indicate that many novel ErMF lineages await discovery. Transhemispheric differences (thousands of km) in their communities may be evenly matched by local differences (scales of km, m, and less).
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Vohník
- Department of Mycorrhizal Symbioses, Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, Czechia.
| | - M Clara Bruzone
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Aplicada y Biotecnología, Centro Regional Universitario Bariloche, IPATEC (Universidad Nacional del Comahue-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina
| | - Tereza Knoblochová
- Department of Mycorrhizal Symbioses, Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, Czechia
| | - Natalia V Fernández
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Aplicada y Biotecnología, Centro Regional Universitario Bariloche, IPATEC (Universidad Nacional del Comahue-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Zuzana Kolaříková
- Department of Mycorrhizal Symbioses, Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, Czechia
| | - Tomáš Větrovský
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Sonia B Fontenla
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Aplicada y Biotecnología, Centro Regional Universitario Bariloche, IPATEC (Universidad Nacional del Comahue-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina
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Mikheev VS, Struchkova IV, Churkina LM, Brilkina AA, Berezina EV. Several Characteristics of Oidiodendron maius G.L. Barron Important for Heather Plants' Controlled Mycorrhization. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:728. [PMID: 37504716 PMCID: PMC10381259 DOI: 10.3390/jof9070728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Oidiodendron maius G.L. Barron is a recognized fungal species capable of forming ericoid mycorrhiza with various positive effects on host plants; therefore, newly found and previously uncharacterized O. maius strains may be valuable for heather plants' controlled mycorrhization. Characteristics of the O. maius F3860 strain were studied, i.e., mycelium growth on various nutrient media and the ability to secrete auxins and enzymes. O. maius F3860 grew rapidly on malt extract agar and potato dextrose agar. It was also able to grow on nutrient media suitable for heather plant cultivation. The presence of the flavonoids rutin and quercetin increased the mycelium growth rate compared to the control, starting from the 8th to the 13th days of cultivation. The ability to secrete auxins was confirmed with bioassay and thin-layer chromatography, and their content, as well as phytase activity, was estimated spectrophotometrically. Both in nutrient media with tryptophan and without it, O. maius F3860 secreted about 6 μg IAA/mL growth medium. O. maius F3860 possessed extracellular phytase, protease, and phenol oxidase activities. The investigation indicates O. maius F3860's promise for heather seedling inoculation as an approach to increase their fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vyacheslav S Mikheev
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Gagarin Avenue 23, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Irina V Struchkova
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Gagarin Avenue 23, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
- LLC "Mikofit", Internatsionalnaya 56b, 606440 Bor, Russia
| | - Ludmila M Churkina
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Gagarin Avenue 23, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Anna A Brilkina
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Gagarin Avenue 23, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Ekaterina V Berezina
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Gagarin Avenue 23, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
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Teulet A, Quan C, Evangelisti E, Wanke A, Yang W, Schornack S. A pathogen effector FOLD diversified in symbiotic fungi. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023. [PMID: 37257494 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Pathogenic fungi use secreted effector proteins to suppress immunity and support their infection, but effectors have also been reported from fungi that engage in nutritional symbioses with plants. Sequence-based effector comparisons between pathogens and symbiotic arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are hampered by the huge diversity of effector sequences even within closely related microbes. To find sequence-divergent but structurally similar effectors shared between symbiotic and pathogenic fungi, we compared secreted protein structure models of the AM fungus Rhizophagus irregularis to known pathogen effectors. We identified proteins with structural similarity to known Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici dual domain (FOLD) effectors, which occur in low numbers in several fungal pathogens. Contrastingly, FOLD genes from AM fungi (MycFOLDs) are found in enlarged and diversified gene families with higher levels of positive selection in their C-terminal domains. Our structure model comparison suggests that MycFOLDs are similar to carbohydrate-binding motifs. Different MycFOLD genes are expressed during colonisation of different hosts and MycFOLD-17 transcripts accumulate in plant intracellular arbuscules. The exclusive presence of MycFOLDs across unrelated plant-colonising fungi, their inducible expression, lineage-specific sequence diversification and transcripts in arbuscules suggest that FOLD proteins act as effectors during plant colonisation of symbiotic and pathogenic fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albin Teulet
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1LR, UK
| | - Clément Quan
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1LR, UK
| | | | - Alan Wanke
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1LR, UK
| | - Weibing Yang
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1LR, UK
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Shao S, Wu J, He H, Moore TR, Bubier J, Larmola T, Juutinen S, Roulet NT. Ericoid mycorrhizal fungi mediate the response of ombrotrophic peatlands to fertilization: a modeling study. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 238:80-95. [PMID: 36300568 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Ericaceous shrubs adapt to the nutrient-poor conditions in ombrotrophic peatlands by forming symbiotic associations with ericoid mycorrhizal (ERM) fungi. Increased nutrient availability may diminish the role of ERM pathways in shrub nutrient uptake, consequently altering the biogeochemical cycling within bogs. To explore the significance of ERM fungi in ombrotrophic peatlands, we developed the model MWMmic (a peat cohort-based biogeochemical model) into MWMmic-NP by explicitly incorporating plant-soil nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) cycling and ERM fungi processes. The new model was applied to simulate the biogeochemical cycles in the Mer Bleue (MB) bog in Ontario, Canada, and their responses to fertilization. MWMmic_NP reproduced the carbon(C)-N-P cycles and vegetation dynamics observed in the MB bog, and their responses to fertilization. Our simulations showed that fertilization increased shrub biomass by reducing the C allocation to ERM fungi, subsequently suppressing the growth of underlying Sphagnum mosses, and decreasing the peatland C sequestration. Our species removal simulation further demonstrated that ERM fungi were key to maintaining the shrub-moss coexistence and C sink function of bogs. Our results suggest that ERM fungi play a significant role in the biogeochemical cycles in ombrotrophic peatlands and should be considered in future modeling efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siya Shao
- Department of Geography, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 0G4, Canada
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - Jianghua Wu
- Environment and Sustainability, School of Science and the Environment, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St John's, NL, A1C 5S7, Canada
| | - Hongxing He
- Department of Geography, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 0G4, Canada
| | - Tim R Moore
- Department of Geography, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 0G4, Canada
| | - Jill Bubier
- Department of Environmental Studies, Mount Holyoke College, South Hadley, MA, 01075, USA
| | - Tuula Larmola
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), 00790, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sari Juutinen
- Finnish Meteorological Institute, 00560, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nigel T Roulet
- Department of Geography, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 0G4, Canada
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Müller M, Kües U, Budde KB, Gailing O. Applying molecular and genetic methods to trees and their fungal communities. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 107:2783-2830. [PMID: 36988668 PMCID: PMC10106355 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12480-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Forests provide invaluable economic, ecological, and social services. At the same time, they are exposed to several threats, such as fragmentation, changing climatic conditions, or increasingly destructive pests and pathogens. Trees, the inherent species of forests, cannot be viewed as isolated organisms. Manifold (micro)organisms are associated with trees playing a pivotal role in forest ecosystems. Of these organisms, fungi may have the greatest impact on the life of trees. A multitude of molecular and genetic methods are now available to investigate tree species and their associated organisms. Due to their smaller genome sizes compared to tree species, whole genomes of different fungi are routinely compared. Such studies have only recently started in forest tree species. Here, we summarize the application of molecular and genetic methods in forest conservation genetics, tree breeding, and association genetics as well as for the investigation of fungal communities and their interrelated ecological functions. These techniques provide valuable insights into the molecular basis of adaptive traits, the impacts of forest management, and changing environmental conditions on tree species and fungal communities and can enhance tree-breeding cycles due to reduced time for field testing. It becomes clear that there are multifaceted interactions among microbial species as well as between these organisms and trees. We demonstrate the versatility of the different approaches based on case studies on trees and fungi. KEY POINTS: • Current knowledge of genetic methods applied to forest trees and associated fungi. • Genomic methods are essential in conservation, breeding, management, and research. • Important role of phytobiomes for trees and their ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Müller
- Forest Genetics and Forest Tree Breeding, Faculty for Forest Sciences and Forest Ecology, University of Goettingen, Büsgenweg 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.
- Center for Integrated Breeding Research (CiBreed), University of Goettingen, 37073, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Ursula Kües
- Molecular Wood Biotechnology and Technical Mycology, Faculty for Forest Sciences and Forest Ecology, University of Goettingen, Büsgenweg 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
- Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), Georg-August-University Göttingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
- Center of Sustainable Land Use (CBL), Georg-August-University Göttingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Katharina B Budde
- Forest Genetics and Forest Tree Breeding, Faculty for Forest Sciences and Forest Ecology, University of Goettingen, Büsgenweg 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
- Center of Sustainable Land Use (CBL), Georg-August-University Göttingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Oliver Gailing
- Forest Genetics and Forest Tree Breeding, Faculty for Forest Sciences and Forest Ecology, University of Goettingen, Büsgenweg 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
- Center for Integrated Breeding Research (CiBreed), University of Goettingen, 37073, Göttingen, Germany
- Center of Sustainable Land Use (CBL), Georg-August-University Göttingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
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Vohník M, Réblová M. Fungi in hair roots of Vaccinium spp. (Ericaceae) growing on decomposing wood: colonization patterns, identity, and in vitro symbiotic potential. MYCORRHIZA 2023; 33:69-86. [PMID: 36700963 PMCID: PMC9938075 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-023-01101-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Most of our knowledge on the ericoid mycorrhizal (ErM) symbiosis comes from temperate heathlands characterized by acidic peaty soils and many experiments with a few ascomycetous fungi. However, ericaceous plants thrive in many other ecosystems and in temperate coniferous forests, their seedlings often prosper on decomposing wood. While wood is typically exploited by basidiomycetous ectomycorrhizal (EcM) and saprobic fungi, the role of ErM fungi (ErMF) is much less clear. We explored the cultivable mycobiota of surface sterilized hair roots of Vaccinium spp. growing on decomposing wood in two coniferous forests in Mid-Norway (Scandinavia) and Northern Bohemia (Central Europe). Obtained isolates were identified using molecular tools and their symbiotic potential was tested in vitro. While the detected community lacked the archetypal ErMF Hyaloscypha hepaticicola and the incidence of dark septate endophytes and EcM fungi was negligible, it comprised other frequent asexual ascomycetous ErMF, namely H. variabilis and Oidiodendron maius, together with several isolates displaying affinities to sexual saprobic H. daedaleae and H. fuckelii. Ascomycete-suppressing media revealed representatives of the saprobic basidiomycetous genera Coprinellus, Gymnopilus, Mycena (Agaricales), and Hypochnicium (Polyporales). In the resyntheses, the tested basidiomycetes occasionally penetrated the rhizodermal cells of their hosts but never formed ericoid mycorrhizae and in many cases overgrew and killed the inoculated seedlings. In contrast, a representative of the H. daedaleae/H. fuckelii-related isolates repeatedly formed what morphologically appears as the ErM symbiosis and supported host's growth. In conclusion, while basidiomycetous saprobic fungi have a potential to colonize healthy-looking ericaceous hair roots, the mode(-s) of their functioning remain obscure. For the first time, a lineage in Hyaloscypha s. str. (corresponding to the former Hymenoscyphus ericae aggregate) where sexual saprobes are intermingled with root symbionts has been revealed, shedding new light on the ecology and evolution of these prominent ascomycetous ErMF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Vohník
- Department of Mycorrhizal Symbioses, Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Lesní 322, Průhonice, 252 43, Czechia.
| | - Martina Réblová
- Department of Taxonomy, Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Zámek 1, Průhonice, 252 43, Czechia
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Deng M, Hu S, Guo L, Jiang L, Huang Y, Schmid B, Liu C, Chang P, Li S, Liu X, Ma K, Liu L. Tree mycorrhizal association types control biodiversity-productivity relationship in a subtropical forest. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadd4468. [PMID: 36652522 PMCID: PMC9848640 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.add4468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Mycorrhizae are symbiotic associations between terrestrial plants and fungi in which fungi obtain nutrients in exchange for plant photosynthates. However, it remains unclear how different types of mycorrhizae affect their host interactions and productivity. Using a long-term experiment with a diversity gradient of arbuscular (AM) and ectomycorrhizal (EcM) tree species, we show that the type of mycorrhizae critically controls the effect of diversity on productivity. With increasing diversity, the net primary production of AM trees increased, but EcM trees decreased, largely because AM trees are more effective in acquiring nitrogen and phosphorus. Specifically, with diversity increase, AM trees enhance both nutrient resorption and litter decomposition, while there was a trade-off between litter decomposability and nutrient resorption in EcM trees. These results provide a mechanistic understanding of why AM trees using a different nutrient acquisition strategy from EcM trees can dominate in subtropical forests and at the same time their diversity enhances productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meifeng Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiangshan, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Shuijin Hu
- Department of Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695 USA
| | - Lulu Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiangshan, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquanlu, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lin Jiang
- School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, 310 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Yuanyuan Huang
- German Centre of Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstr. 4, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Experimental Interaction Ecology, Leipzig University, Puschstr. 4, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Bernhard Schmid
- Department of Geography, Remote Sensing Laboratories, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Chao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiangshan, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquanlu, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Pengfei Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiangshan, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquanlu, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiangshan, Beijing 100093, China
- Zhejiang Qianjiangyuan Forest Biodiversity National Observation and Research Station, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Xiaojuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiangshan, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Keping Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiangshan, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquanlu, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lingli Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiangshan, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquanlu, Beijing 100049, China
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10
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Bonfante P. How to reconnect mycorrhizal research with natural environments. Environ Microbiol 2023; 25:59-63. [PMID: 36655714 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Paola Bonfante
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
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Lin W, Liu L, Liang J, Tang X, Shi J, Zhang L, Wu P, Lan S, Wang S, Zhou Y, Chen X, Zhao Y, Chen X, Wu B, Guo L. Changes of endophytic microbial community in Rhododendron simsii roots under heat stress and its correlation with leaf physiological indicators. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1006686. [PMID: 36466690 PMCID: PMC9712210 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1006686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The response mechanism of Rhododendron simsii and its endophytic microorganism to heat stress is still unclear. Methods The light incubator was used to set the temperature gradients, and the control (CK) was (day/night: 14/10 h) 25/22°C, the moderate-heat-stress (MHS) was 35/30°C and the high-heat-stress (HHS) was 40/35°C. Results Compared with CK, MHS significantly increased the contents of malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide, proline, and soluble sugar, as well as the activities of catalase and peroxidase in leaf, while HHS increased the activities of ascorbate peroxidase, and decreased chlorophyll content. Compared with CK, MHS reduced soil available nitrogen (N) content. Both heat stress changed the endophytic microbial community structure in roots. MHS enriched Pezicula and Paracoccus, while HHS significantly enriched Acidothermus and Haliangium. The abundance of Pezicula positively correlated with the contents of chlorophyll a and proline in leaf, and negatively correlated with soil ammonium N content. The abundance of Pezicula and Haliangium positively correlated with soluble sugar and malondialdehyde contents, respectively. Conclusions Our results suggest that root endophytic microorganisms play an important role in helping Rhododendron resisting heat stress, mainly by regulating soil N content and plant physiological characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Lin
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Germplasm Innovation of Tropical Special Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education/College of Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Jincheng Liang
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Germplasm Innovation of Tropical Special Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education/College of Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Xuexiao Tang
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Germplasm Innovation of Tropical Special Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education/College of Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Jie Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Simulation and Safety, School of Civil Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Li Zhang
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Purui Wu
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Germplasm Innovation of Tropical Special Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education/College of Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Siren Lan
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shusheng Wang
- Lushan Botanical Garden, Jiangxi Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lushan, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Guizhou Botanical Garden, Guiyang, China
| | | | - Ying Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Germplasm Innovation of Tropical Special Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education/College of Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Institute of Biology, Guizhou Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, China
| | - Binghua Wu
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lijin Guo
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Germplasm Innovation of Tropical Special Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education/College of Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, China
- International Magnesium Institute, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
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Wei X, Zhang W, Zulfiqar F, Zhang C, Chen J. Ericoid mycorrhizal fungi as biostimulants for improving propagation and production of ericaceous plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1027390. [PMID: 36466284 PMCID: PMC9709444 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1027390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The mutualistic relationship between mycorrhizal fungi and plant roots is a widespread terrestrial symbiosis. The symbiosis enables plants to better adapt to adverse soil conditions, enhances plant tolerance to abiotic and biotic stresses, and improves plant establishment and growth. Thus, mycorrhizal fungi are considered biostimulants. Among the four most common types of mycorrhizae, arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) and ectomycorrhiza (EcM) have been more intensively studied than ericoid mycorrhiza (ErM) and orchidaceous mycorrhiza (OrM). ErM fungi can form symbiotic relationships with plants in the family Ericaceae. Economically important plants in this family include blueberry, bilberry, cranberry, and rhododendron. ErM fungi are versatile as they are both saprotrophic and biotrophic. Increasing reports have shown that they can degrade soil organic matter, resulting in the bioavailability of nutrients for plants and microbes. ErM fungi can synthesize hormones to improve fungal establishment and plant root initiation and growth. ErM colonization enables plants to effective acquisition of mineral nutrients. Colonized plants are able to tolerate different abiotic stresses, including drought, heavy metals, and soil salinity as well as biotic stresses, such as pathogen infections. This article is intended to briefly introduce ErM fungi and document their beneficial effects on ericaceous plants. It is anticipated that the exploration of this special group of fungi will further improve our understanding of their value of symbiosis to ericaceous plants and ultimately result in the application of valuable species or strains for improving the establishment and growth of ericaceous plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangying Wei
- Fujian Key Laboratory on Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Marine Biodiversity, Fuzhou Institute of Oceanography, College of Geography and Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wenbing Zhang
- Fujian Key Laboratory on Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Marine Biodiversity, Fuzhou Institute of Oceanography, College of Geography and Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Faisal Zulfiqar
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Chunying Zhang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Plant Innovation, Shanghai Botanical Garden, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianjun Chen
- Mid-Florida Research and Education Center, Department of Environmental Horticulture, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Apopka, FL, United States
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Ward EB, Duguid MC, Kuebbing SE, Lendemer JC, Bradford MA. The functional role of ericoid mycorrhizal plants and fungi on carbon and nitrogen dynamics in forests. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 235:1701-1718. [PMID: 35704030 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Ericoid mycorrhizal (ErM) shrubs commonly occur in forest understories and could therefore alter arbuscular (AM) and/or ectomycorrhizal (EcM) tree effects on soil carbon and nitrogen dynamics. Specifically, ErM fungi have extensive organic matter decay capabilities, and ErM plant and fungal tissues have high concentrations of secondary compounds that can form persistent complexes in the soil. Together, these traits could contribute to organic matter accumulation and inorganic nutrient limitation. These effects could also differ in AM- vs EcM-dominated stands at multiple scales within and among forest biomes by, for instance, altering fungal guild interactions. Most work on ErM effects in forests has been conducted in boreal forests dominated by EcM trees. However, ErM plants occur in c. 96, 69 and 29% of boreal, temperate and tropical forests, respectively. Within tropical montane forests, the effects of ErM plants could be particularly pronounced because their traits are more distinct from AM than EcM trees. Because ErM fungi can function as free-living saprotrophs, they could also be more resilient to forest disturbances than obligate symbionts. Further consideration of ErM effects within and among forest biomes could improve our understanding of how cooccurring mycorrhizal types interact to collectively affect soil carbon and nitrogen dynamics under changing conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth B Ward
- The Forest School, Yale School of the Environment, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
- The New York Botanical Garden, The Bronx, NY, 10458, USA
| | - Marlyse C Duguid
- The Forest School, Yale School of the Environment, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Sara E Kuebbing
- The Forest School, Yale School of the Environment, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | | | - Mark A Bradford
- The Forest School, Yale School of the Environment, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
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Perez-Lamarque B, Petrolli R, Strullu-Derrien C, Strasberg D, Morlon H, Selosse MA, Martos F. Structure and specialization of mycorrhizal networks in phylogenetically diverse tropical communities. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOME 2022; 17:38. [PMID: 35859141 PMCID: PMC9297633 DOI: 10.1186/s40793-022-00434-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The root mycobiome plays a fundamental role in plant nutrition and protection against biotic and abiotic stresses. In temperate forests or meadows dominated by angiosperms, the numerous fungi involved in root symbioses are often shared between neighboring plants, thus forming complex plant-fungus interaction networks of weak specialization. Whether this weak specialization also holds in rich tropical communities with more phylogenetically diverse sets of plant lineages remains unknown. We collected roots of 30 plant species in semi-natural tropical communities including angiosperms, ferns, and lycophytes, in three different habitat types on La Réunion island: a recent lava flow, a wet thicket, and an ericoid shrubland. We identified root-inhabiting fungi by sequencing both the 18S rRNA and the ITS2 variable regions. We assessed the diversity of mycorrhizal fungal taxa according to plant species and lineages, as well as the structure and specialization of the resulting plant-fungus networks. RESULTS The 18S and ITS2 datasets are highly complementary at revealing the root mycobiota. According to 18S, Glomeromycotina colonize all plant groups in all habitats forming the least specialized interactions, resulting in nested network structures, while Mucoromycotina (Endogonales) are more abundant in the wetland and show higher specialization and modularity compared to the former. According to ITS2, mycorrhizal fungi of Ericaceae and Orchidaceae, namely Helotiales, Sebacinales, and Cantharellales, also colonize the roots of most plant lineages, confirming that they are frequent endophytes. While Helotiales and Sebacinales present intermediate levels of specialization, Cantharellales are more specialized and more sporadic in their interactions with plants, resulting in highly modular networks. CONCLUSIONS This study of the root mycobiome in tropical environments reinforces the idea that mycorrhizal fungal taxa are locally shared between co-occurring plants, including phylogenetically distant plants (e.g. lycophytes and angiosperms), where they may form functional mycorrhizae or establish endophytic colonization. Yet, we demonstrate that, irrespectively of the environmental variations, the level of specialization significantly varies according to the fungal lineages, probably reflecting the different evolutionary origins of these plant-fungus symbioses. Frequent fungal sharing between plants questions the roles of the different fungi in community functioning and highlights the importance of considering networks of interactions rather than isolated hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoît Perez-Lamarque
- Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, EPHE, UA, CP39, 57 rue Cuvier, 75 005, Paris, France.
- Institut de Biologie de l'École Normale Supérieure (IBENS), École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, 46 rue d'Ulm, 75 005, Paris, France.
| | - Rémi Petrolli
- Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, EPHE, UA, CP39, 57 rue Cuvier, 75 005, Paris, France
| | - Christine Strullu-Derrien
- Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, EPHE, UA, CP39, 57 rue Cuvier, 75 005, Paris, France
- Science Group, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD, UK
| | - Dominique Strasberg
- Peuplements Végétaux et Bioagresseurs en Milieu Tropical, UMR PVBMT, Université de La Réunion, 97 400, Saint-Denis, La Réunion, France
| | - Hélène Morlon
- Institut de Biologie de l'École Normale Supérieure (IBENS), École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, 46 rue d'Ulm, 75 005, Paris, France
| | - Marc-André Selosse
- Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, EPHE, UA, CP39, 57 rue Cuvier, 75 005, Paris, France
- Department of Plant Taxonomy and Nature Conservation, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308, Gdansk, Poland
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Paris, France
| | - Florent Martos
- Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, EPHE, UA, CP39, 57 rue Cuvier, 75 005, Paris, France
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Lou H, Guo C, Fan B, Fu R, Su H, Zhang J, Sun L. Lingonberry ( Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.) Interact With Lachnum pygmaeum to Mitigate Drought and Promote Growth. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:920338. [PMID: 35755649 PMCID: PMC9218470 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.920338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The application of Ericoid mycorrhizal (ErM) fungi is considered to be an important strategy for increasing plant yield and drought resistance. In this study, we isolated and identified two ErM fungi that can promote the growth of lingonberry. We tried to understand the potential of these two ErM fungi to promote the growth of lingonberry and the strategies to help plants cope with water shortage. The use value of ErM fungi was evaluated by inoculating Oidiodendron maius FC (OmFC) or Lachnum pygmaeum ZL6 (LpZL6), well-watered (WW) and severe drought stress (SDS). The results showed that the mycelium of LpZL6 was denser than that of OmFC, and both ErM fungi significantly increased the biomass of lingonberry stems and roots. They also significantly increased the chlorophyll content by 65.6 and 97.8%, respectively. In addition, inoculation with LpZL6 fungi can improve drought resistance, promote root growth and increase root wet weight by 1157.6%. Drought reduced the chlorophyll content and soluble sugar content of lingonberry but increased significantly after inoculation with LpZL6. Inoculation with LpZL6 decreased lingonberry's malondialdehyde (MDA) content but increased the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. Overall, these results indicated that the successful coexistence of ErM fungi and lingonberry alleviated the adverse effects of drought stress through higher secondary metabolites and photosynthetic pigment synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Lou
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Chao Guo
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Baozhen Fan
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Rao Fu
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Heng Su
- School of Resources and Environmental Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Long Sun
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
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16
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Blaalid R, Davey ML. Habitat Protection Approaches Facilitate Conservation of Overlooked Fungal Diversity - A Case Study From the Norwegian Coastal Heathland System. FRONTIERS IN FUNGAL BIOLOGY 2022; 3:886685. [PMID: 37746238 PMCID: PMC10512255 DOI: 10.3389/ffunb.2022.886685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
European coastal heathlands are distinct ecosystems shaped by land use tradition and they have experienced an 80% area reduction from their historical maximum. These mosaics of mires and wind exposed patches have ericaceous shrub dominated vegetation, and soils within coastal heathlands are characterized by low pH and high levels of recalcitrant debris. Using a culture-based approach with molecular identification of isolates, we characterized root-associated fungal communities of six ericaceous species in eight heathland localities along Norway's western coast. Site-level alpha diversity ranged from 21-38 OTUs, while the total estimated gamma diversity for culturable heathland root fungi was 190-231 OTUs. Most species recovered are previously reported at low abundance in Norway, suggesting the biodiversity in this community is underreported, rather than novel for science. The fungi recovered were primarily Ascomycota, specifically endophytic Phialocephala, and Pezicula, and no host specificity was observed in the communities. The fungal communities exhibited high turnover and low nestedness, both between ericaceous hosts and across heathland sites. We observed no spatial patterns in fungal betadiversity, and this heterogeneity may be a product of the unique historic land use practices at each locality creating a distinct mycofloral "fingerprint". Robust diversity estimates will be key for managing fungal biodiversity in coastal heathlands. Our results indicate that sampling schemes that maximize the number of host plants sampled per site, rather than the number of cultures per plant yield improved alpha diversity estimates. Similarly, gamma diversity estimates are improved by maximizing the total number of localities sampled, rather than increasing the number of plants sampled per locality. We argue that while the current protected status of coastal heathland habitats and restoration efforts have knock-on effects for the conservation of fungal biodiversity, fungi have a vital functional role in the ecosystem and holistic conservation plans that consider fungal biodiversity would be beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakel Blaalid
- Department of Natural History, University Museum of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, NINA Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Marie L. Davey
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, Terrestrial Biodiversity Department, Trondheim, Norway
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17
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Yuan Z, Wu Q, Xu L, Druzhinina IS, Stukenbrock EH, Nieuwenhuis BPS, Zhong Z, Liu ZJ, Wang X, Cai F, Kubicek CP, Shan X, Wang J, Shi G, Peng L, Martin FM. Genomic landscape of a relict fir-associated fungus reveals rapid convergent adaptation towards endophytism. THE ISME JOURNAL 2022; 16:1294-1305. [PMID: 34916613 PMCID: PMC9038928 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-021-01176-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Comparative and pan-genomic analyses of the endophytic fungus Pezicula neosporulosa (Helotiales, Ascomycota) from needles of the relict fir, Abies beshanzuensis, showed expansions of carbohydrate metabolism and secondary metabolite biosynthetic genes characteristic for unrelated plant-beneficial helotialean, such as dark septate endophytes and ericoid mycorrhizal fungi. The current species within the relatively young Pliocene genus Pezicula are predominantly saprotrophic, while P. neosporulosa lacks such features. To understand the genomic background of this putatively convergent evolution, we performed population analyses of 77 P. neosporulosa isolates. This revealed a mosaic structure of a dozen non-recombining and highly genetically polymorphic subpopulations with a unique mating system structure. We found that one idiomorph of a probably duplicated mat1-2 gene was found in putatively heterothallic isolates, while the other co-occurred with mat1-1 locus suggesting homothallic reproduction for these strains. Moreover, 24 and 81 genes implicated in plant cell-wall degradation and secondary metabolite biosynthesis, respectively, showed signatures of the balancing selection. These findings highlight the evolutionary pattern of the two gene families for allowing the fungus a rapid adaptation towards endophytism and facilitating diverse symbiotic interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhilin Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, 100091, Beijing, China. .,Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou, 311400, China.
| | - Qi Wu
- grid.458488.d0000 0004 0627 1442State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, China
| | - Liangxiong Xu
- grid.411411.00000 0004 0644 5457School of Life Sciences, Huizhou University, Huizhou, 516007 China
| | - Irina S. Druzhinina
- grid.27871.3b0000 0000 9750 7019Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Fungal Genomics Laboratory (FungiG), College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China ,grid.5329.d0000 0001 2348 4034Institute of Chemical, Environmental & Bioscience Engineering (ICEBE), TU Wien, Vienna, A1060 Austria
| | - Eva H. Stukenbrock
- grid.9764.c0000 0001 2153 9986Botanical Institute, Christian-Albrechts Universität zu Kiel, 24118 Kiel, Germany ,grid.419520.b0000 0001 2222 4708Environmental Genomics Research Group, Max-Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, 24306 Plön, Germany
| | - Bart P. S. Nieuwenhuis
- grid.5252.00000 0004 1936 973XDivision of Evolutionary Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Zhenhui Zhong
- grid.256111.00000 0004 1760 2876State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 China ,grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Zhong-Jian Liu
- grid.256111.00000 0004 1760 2876Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization at College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- grid.509676.bResearch Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou, 311400 China
| | - Feng Cai
- grid.27871.3b0000 0000 9750 7019Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Fungal Genomics Laboratory (FungiG), College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Christian P. Kubicek
- grid.5329.d0000 0001 2348 4034Institute of Chemical, Environmental & Bioscience Engineering (ICEBE), TU Wien, Vienna, A1060 Austria
| | - Xiaoliang Shan
- grid.216566.00000 0001 2104 9346State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, 100091 Beijing, China ,grid.509676.bResearch Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou, 311400 China
| | - Jieyu Wang
- grid.458495.10000 0001 1014 7864Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650 China
| | - Guohui Shi
- grid.458488.d0000 0004 0627 1442State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, China
| | - Long Peng
- grid.216566.00000 0001 2104 9346State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, 100091 Beijing, China ,grid.509676.bResearch Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou, 311400 China
| | - Francis M. Martin
- grid.29172.3f0000 0001 2194 6418Université de Lorraine, INRAe, UMR 1136 Interactions Arbres/Microorganismes, INRAe-Grand Est-Nancy, 54280 Champenoux, France
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Ericoid mycorrhizal colonization and associated fungal communities along a wetland gradient in the Acadian forest of Eastern Canada. FUNGAL ECOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2021.101138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Mu D, Du N, Zwiazek JJ. Inoculation with Ericoid Mycorrhizal Associations Alleviates Drought Stress in Lowland and Upland Velvetleaf Blueberry ( Vaccinium myrtilloides) Seedlings. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:plants10122786. [PMID: 34961258 PMCID: PMC8704242 DOI: 10.3390/plants10122786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Although velvetleaf blueberry (Vaccinium myrtilloides) is usually associated with sandy (upland) areas of the North American boreal forest, lowland populations can be also found in bogs, suggesting possible adaptations to different site conditions. In this study, we examined the role of ericoid mycorrhizal (ERM) fungi in conferring drought resistance to the upland and lowland velvetleaf blueberry seedlings. The seedlings were inoculated with four ERM fungi (Pezicula ericae, Pezoloma ericae, Meliniomyces variabilis, and Oidiodendron maius) isolated from the roots of ericaceous plants and grown under controlled environmental conditions in sterilized soil. The inoculated and non-inoculated (inoculation control) plants were subsequently subjected to three cycles of drought stress by withdrawing watering. Lowland plants appeared to benefit relatively more from mycorrhizal colonization, compared with the upland plants, in terms of plant growth and drought survival. After three weeks of treatments, the dry weights of non-inoculated well-watered upland plants were higher compared to the non-inoculated lowland plants. However, these differences were offset by the inoculation of plants with ERM fungi, some of which also significantly improved drought resistance characteristics of the upland and lowland plants. There were no major differences in the effects of different ERM fungal species on drought responses of upland and lowland plants. Of the examined ericoid mycorrhizal fungi, inoculation with Pezicula ericae was the most effective in conferring drought resistance characteristics to both upland and lowland seedlings and helped maintain higher shoot water potentials, net photosynthetic, and transpiration rates in plants subjected to drought stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deyu Mu
- Center of Landscape Architecture, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250000, China;
| | - Ning Du
- Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China;
| | - Janusz J. Zwiazek
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E3, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-780-492-2358
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Quo vadis: signaling molecules and small secreted proteins from mycorrhizal fungi at the early stage of mycorrhiza formation. Symbiosis 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13199-021-00793-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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21
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Leopold DR, Peay KG, Vitousek PM, Fukami T. Diversity of putative ericoid mycorrhizal fungi increases with soil age and progressive phosphorus limitation across a 4.1-million-year chronosequence. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2021; 97:6123715. [PMID: 33512432 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiab016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Ericaceous plants rely on ericoid mycorrhizal fungi for nutrient acquisition. However, the factors that affect the composition and structure of fungal communities associated with the roots of ericaceous plants remain largely unknown. Here, we use a 4.1-million-year (myr) soil chronosequence in Hawaii to test the hypothesis that changes in nutrient availability with soil age determine the diversity and species composition of fungi associated with ericoid roots. We sampled roots of a native Hawaiian plant, Vaccinium calycinum, and used DNA metabarcoding to quantify changes in fungal diversity and community composition. We also used a fertilization experiment at the youngest and oldest sites to assess the importance of nutrient limitation. We found an increase in diversity and a clear pattern of species turnover across the chronosequence, driven largely by putative ericoid mycorrhizal fungi. Fertilization with nitrogen at the youngest site and phosphorus at the oldest site reduced fungal diversity, suggesting a direct role of nutrient limitation. Our results also reveal the presence of novel fungal species associated with Hawaiian Ericaceae and suggest a greater importance of phosphorus availability for communities of ericoid mycorrhizal fungi than is generally assumed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devin R Leopold
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, 371 Serra Mall, Stanford, CA 94305-5020, USA.,Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, 4575 SW Research Way, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Kabir G Peay
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, 371 Serra Mall, Stanford, CA 94305-5020, USA
| | - Peter M Vitousek
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, 371 Serra Mall, Stanford, CA 94305-5020, USA
| | - Tadashi Fukami
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, 371 Serra Mall, Stanford, CA 94305-5020, USA
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22
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Soumare A, Diédhiou AG, Arora NK, Tawfeeq Al-Ani LK, Ngom M, Fall S, Hafidi M, Ouhdouch Y, Kouisni L, Sy MO. Potential Role and Utilization of Plant Growth Promoting Microbes in Plant Tissue Culture. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:649878. [PMID: 33854489 PMCID: PMC8039301 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.649878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant growth promoting microbes (PGPMs) play major roles in diverse ecosystems, including atmospheric nitrogen fixation, water uptake, solubilization, and transport of minerals from the soil to the plant. Different PGPMs are proposed as biofertilizers, biostimulants, and/or biocontrol agents to improve plant growth and productivity and thereby to contribute to agricultural sustainability and food security. However, little information exists regarding the use of PGPMs in micropropagation such as the in vitro plant tissue culture. This review presents an overview of the importance of PGPMs and their potential application in plant micropropagation. Our analysis, based on published articles, reveals that the process of in vitro classical tissue culture techniques, under strictly aseptic conditions, deserves to be reviewed to allow vitroplants to benefit from the positive effect of PGPMs. Furthermore, exploiting the potential benefits of PGPMs will lead to lessen the cost production of vitroplants during micropropagation process and will make the technique of plant tissue culture more efficient. The last part of the review will indicate where research is needed in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdoulaye Soumare
- AgroBioSciences Program, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Ben Guerir, Morocco.,Laboratoire Commun de Microbiologie (LCM) IRD/ISRA/UCAD, Centre de Recherche de Bel Air, Dakar, Senegal.,Centre d'Excellence Africain en Agriculture pour la Sécurité Alimentaire et Nutritionnelle (CEA-AGRISAN), UCAD, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Abdala G Diédhiou
- Laboratoire Commun de Microbiologie (LCM) IRD/ISRA/UCAD, Centre de Recherche de Bel Air, Dakar, Senegal.,Centre d'Excellence Africain en Agriculture pour la Sécurité Alimentaire et Nutritionnelle (CEA-AGRISAN), UCAD, Dakar, Senegal.,Département de Biologie Végétale, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Cheikh Anta Diop (UCAD), Dakar, Senegal
| | - Naveen Kumar Arora
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, BBA University, Lucknow, India
| | - Laith Khalil Tawfeeq Al-Ani
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture Engineering Sciences, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq.,School of Biology Science, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Mariama Ngom
- Laboratoire Commun de Microbiologie (LCM) IRD/ISRA/UCAD, Centre de Recherche de Bel Air, Dakar, Senegal.,Laboratoire Campus de Biotechnologies Végétales (LCBV), Département de Biologie Végétale, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, UCAD, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Saliou Fall
- Laboratoire Commun de Microbiologie (LCM) IRD/ISRA/UCAD, Centre de Recherche de Bel Air, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Mohamed Hafidi
- AgroBioSciences Program, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Ben Guerir, Morocco.,Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnologies, Agrosciences and Environment, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh, Morocco
| | - Yedir Ouhdouch
- AgroBioSciences Program, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Ben Guerir, Morocco.,Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnologies, Agrosciences and Environment, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh, Morocco
| | - Lamfeddal Kouisni
- AgroBioSciences Program, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Ben Guerir, Morocco
| | - Mame Ourèye Sy
- Département de Biologie Végétale, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Cheikh Anta Diop (UCAD), Dakar, Senegal.,Laboratoire Campus de Biotechnologies Végétales (LCBV), Département de Biologie Végétale, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, UCAD, Dakar, Senegal
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23
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Passarge A, Demir F, Green K, Depotter JRL, Scott B, Huesgen PF, Doehlemann G, Misas Villamil JC. Host apoplastic cysteine protease activity is suppressed during the mutualistic association of Lolium perenne and Epichloë festucae. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:3410-3426. [PMID: 33630999 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Plants secrete various defence-related proteins into the apoplast, including proteases. Papain-like cysteine proteases (PLCPs) are central components of the plant immune system. To overcome plant immunity and successfully colonize their hosts, several plant pathogens secrete effector proteins inhibiting plant PLCPs. We hypothesized that not only pathogens, but also mutualistic microorganisms interfere with PLCP-meditated plant defences to maintain endophytic colonization with their hosts. Epichloë festucae forms mutualistic associations with cool season grasses and produces a range of secondary metabolites that protect the host against herbivores. In this study, we performed a genome-wide identification of Lolium perenne PLCPs, analysed their evolutionary relationship, and classified them into nine PLCP subfamilies. Using activity-based protein profiling, we identified four active PLCPs in the apoplast of L. perenne leaves that are inhibited during endophyte interactions. We characterized the L. perenne cystatin LpCys1 for its inhibitory capacity against ryegrass PLCPs. LpCys1 abundance is not altered during the mutualistic interaction and it mainly inhibits LpCP2. However, since the activity of other L. perenne PLCPs is not sensitive to LpCys1, we propose that additional inhibitors, likely of fungal origin, are involved in the suppression of apoplastic PLCPs during E. festucae infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Passarge
- Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Fatih Demir
- Central Institute for Engineering, Electronics and Analytics, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Kimberly Green
- School of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- Bio-Protection Research Centre, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | | | - Barry Scott
- School of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- Bio-Protection Research Centre, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Pitter F Huesgen
- Central Institute for Engineering, Electronics and Analytics, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster for Stress Responses in Ageing-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Institute for Biochemistry, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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24
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Evolution of Fungal Carbohydrate-Active Enzyme Portfolios and Adaptation to Plant Cell-Wall Polymers. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7030185. [PMID: 33807546 PMCID: PMC7998857 DOI: 10.3390/jof7030185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The postindustrial era is currently facing two ecological challenges. First, the rise in global temperature, mostly caused by the accumulation of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere, and second, the inability of the environment to absorb the waste of human activities. Fungi are valuable levers for both a reduction in CO2 emissions, and the improvement of a circular economy with the optimized valorization of plant waste and biomass. Soil fungi may promote plant growth and thereby increase CO2 assimilation via photosynthesis or, conversely, they may prompt the decomposition of dead organic matter, and thereby contribute to CO2 emissions. The strategies that fungi use to cope with plant-cell-wall polymers and access the saccharides that they use as a carbon source largely rely on the secretion of carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes). In the past few years, comparative genomics and phylogenomics coupled with the functional characterization of CAZymes significantly improved the understanding of their evolution in fungal genomes, providing a framework for the design of nature-inspired enzymatic catalysts. Here, we provide an overview of the diversity of CAZyme enzymatic systems employed by fungi that exhibit different substrate preferences, different ecologies, or belong to different taxonomical groups for lignocellulose degradation.
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25
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Kohout P, Sudová R, Brabcová V, Vosolsobě S, Baldrian P, Albrechtová J. Forest Microhabitat Affects Succession of Fungal Communities on Decomposing Fine Tree Roots. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:541583. [PMID: 33584602 PMCID: PMC7876299 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.541583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Belowground litter derived from tree roots has been shown as a principal source of soil organic matter in coniferous forests. Fate of tree root necromass depends on fungal communities developing on the decaying roots. Local environmental conditions which affect composition of tree root mycobiome may also influence fungal communities developing on decaying tree roots. Here, we assessed fungal communities associated with decaying roots of Picea abies decomposing in three microhabitats: soil with no vegetation, soil with ericoid shrubs cover, and P. abies deadwood, for a 2-year period. Forest microhabitat showed stronger effect on structuring fungal communities associated with decaying roots compared to living roots. Some ericoid mycorrhizal fungi showed higher relative abundance on decaying roots in soils under ericoid shrub cover, while saprotrophic fungi had higher relative abundance in roots decomposing inside deadwood. Regardless of the studied microhabitat, we observed decline of ectomycorrhizal fungi and increase of endophytic fungi during root decomposition. Interestingly, we found substantially more fungal taxa with unknown ecology in late stages of root decomposition, indicating that highly decomposed roots may represent so far overlooked niche for soil fungi. Our study shows the importance of microhabitats on the fate of the decomposing spruce roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Kohout
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Pruhonice, Czechia
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Radka Sudová
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Pruhonice, Czechia
| | - Vendula Brabcová
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Stanislav Vosolsobě
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Pruhonice, Czechia
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Petr Baldrian
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Jana Albrechtová
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Pruhonice, Czechia
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
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26
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Van Geel M, Jacquemyn H, Peeters G, van Acker K, Honnay O, Ceulemans T. Diversity and community structure of ericoid mycorrhizal fungi in European bogs and heathlands across a gradient of nitrogen deposition. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 228:1640-1651. [PMID: 32643808 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Despite the ecological significance of ericoid mycorrhizal fungi, little is known about the abiotic and biotic factors driving their diversity and community composition. To determine the relative importance of abiotic and biotic filtering in structuring ericoid mycorrhizal fungal communities, we established 156 sampling plots in two highly contrasting environments but dominated by the same Ericaceae plant species: waterlogged bogs and dry heathlands. Plots were located across 25 bogs and 27 dry heathlands in seven European countries covering a gradient in nitrogen deposition and phosphorus availability. Putatively ericoid mycorrhizal fungal communities in the roots of 10 different Ericaceae species were characterized using high-throughput amplicon sequencing. Variation in ericoid mycorrhizal fungal communities was attributed to both habitat and soil variables on the one hand and host plant identity on the other. Communities differed significantly between bogs and heathlands and, in a given habitat, communities differed significantly among host plant species. Fungal richness was negatively related to nitrogen deposition in bogs and phosphorus availability in bogs and heathlands. Our results demonstrate that both abiotic and biotic filtering shapes ericoid mycorrhizal fungal communities and advocate an environmental policy minimizing excess nutrient input in these nutrient-poor ecosystems to avoid loss of ericoid mycorrhizal fungal taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maarten Van Geel
- Plant Conservation and Population Biology, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, Heverlee, 3001, Belgium
| | - Hans Jacquemyn
- Plant Conservation and Population Biology, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, Heverlee, 3001, Belgium
| | - Gerrit Peeters
- Plant Conservation and Population Biology, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, Heverlee, 3001, Belgium
| | - Kasper van Acker
- Plant Conservation and Population Biology, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, Heverlee, 3001, Belgium
| | - Olivier Honnay
- Plant Conservation and Population Biology, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, Heverlee, 3001, Belgium
| | - Tobias Ceulemans
- Plant Conservation and Population Biology, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, Heverlee, 3001, Belgium
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27
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Fadaei S, Khan S, Young M, Sherr I, Zwiazek JJ. Impact of soil stockpiling on ericoid mycorrhizal colonization and growth of velvetleaf blueberry (
Vaccinium myrtilloides
) and Labrador tea (
Ledum groenlandicum
). Restor Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.13276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sepideh Fadaei
- Department of Renewable Resources University of Alberta 442 Earth Sciences Building Edmonton Alberta T6G 2E3 Canada
| | - Shanjida Khan
- Department of Renewable Resources University of Alberta 442 Earth Sciences Building Edmonton Alberta T6G 2E3 Canada
| | - Michelle Young
- Imperial Oil Resources Ltd Calgary Research Centre 9223 23rd Street SE Calgary Alberta T2C 5R2 Canada
| | - Ira Sherr
- Canadian Natural Resources Ltd 2100, 855—2 Street SW Calgary Alberta T2P 4J8 Canada
| | - Janusz J. Zwiazek
- Department of Renewable Resources University of Alberta 442 Earth Sciences Building Edmonton Alberta T6G 2E3 Canada
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28
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Islam W, Noman A, Naveed H, Huang Z, Chen HYH. Role of environmental factors in shaping the soil microbiome. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:41225-41247. [PMID: 32829437 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10471-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The soil microbiome comprises one of the most important and complex components of all terrestrial ecosystems as it harbors millions of microbes including bacteria, fungi, archaea, viruses, and protozoa. Together, these microbes and environmental factors contribute to shaping the soil microbiome, both spatially and temporally. Recent advances in genomic and metagenomic analyses have enabled a more comprehensive elucidation of the soil microbiome. However, most studies have described major modulators such as fungi and bacteria while overlooking other soil microbes. This review encompasses all known microbes that may exist in a particular soil microbiome by describing their occurrence, abundance, diversity, distribution, communication, and functions. Finally, we examined the role of several abiotic factors involved in the shaping of the soil microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waqar Islam
- Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-Geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, China
- Institute of Geography, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, China
- Faculty of Natural Resources Management, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Rd, Thunder Bay, ON, P7B 5E1, Canada
| | - Ali Noman
- Department of Botany, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Hassan Naveed
- College of Life Science, Leshan Normal University, Leshan, 614004, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhiqun Huang
- Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-Geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, China.
- Institute of Geography, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, China.
| | - Han Y H Chen
- Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-Geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, China.
- Institute of Geography, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, China.
- Faculty of Natural Resources Management, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Rd, Thunder Bay, ON, P7B 5E1, Canada.
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29
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Wu FL, Li Y, Tian W, Sun Y, Chen F, Zhang Y, Zhai Y, Zhang J, Su H, Wang L. A novel dark septate fungal endophyte positively affected blueberry growth and changed the expression of plant genes involved in phytohormone and flavonoid biosynthesis. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 40:1080-1094. [PMID: 32333677 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpaa047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Dark septate endophytes (DSEs) are one of the most studied groups of root fungal endophytes in recent years. However, the effects of DSE on host plant are still under debate, and the molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. In this study, we identified a DSE fungus of the genus Anteaglonium, named T010, from the wild blueberry. When inoculated into Vaccinium corymbosum L. plants, T010 could enhance root growth and promote shoot branching, leading to increased plant growth. By comparative transcriptome analysis, we obtained 1948 regulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from the V. corymbosum plants treated by T010. Further functional enrichment analysis identified a series of DEGs enriched in transcriptional regulation, material transport, phytohormone biosynthesis and flavonoid biosynthesis. Moreover, the comparative analysis of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry verified that T010 treatment induced the changes in the contents of various phytohormones and flavonoids. This is the first report on the isolation of DSE fungi of the genus Anteaglonium from blueberry roots. Moreover, our results suggested that T010 colonization could result in a series of changes in cell metabolism, biosynthesis and signal pathways, thereby promoting plant growth. Particularly, the changes of phytohormone and flavonoid metabolism induced by T010 colonization might contribute to the promotion of blueberry growth. Our results will provide new insights into understanding of the interaction of DSE fungi and host plants, as well as the development and utilization of DSE preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan-Lin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Module-Based Breeding of High Yield and Abiotic Resistant Plants in Universities of Shandong (Ludong University), College of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, P. R. China
| | - Yan Li
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Biology and Utilization, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264025, P. R. China
| | - Wei Tian
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Module-Based Breeding of High Yield and Abiotic Resistant Plants in Universities of Shandong (Ludong University), College of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, P. R. China
| | - Yadong Sun
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Module-Based Breeding of High Yield and Abiotic Resistant Plants in Universities of Shandong (Ludong University), College of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, P. R. China
| | - Feiyan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Module-Based Breeding of High Yield and Abiotic Resistant Plants in Universities of Shandong (Ludong University), College of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, P. R. China
| | - Yurou Zhang
- College of life sciences, Ludong Universtiy, Yantai 264025, P. R. China
| | - Yuxuan Zhai
- College of life sciences, Ludong Universtiy, Yantai 264025, P. R. China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Bureau of National Resources of the Laishan District, Yantai 264025, P. R. China
| | - Hongyan Su
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Module-Based Breeding of High Yield and Abiotic Resistant Plants in Universities of Shandong (Ludong University), College of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, P. R. China
| | - Lei Wang
- College of life sciences, Ludong Universtiy, Yantai 264025, P. R. China
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30
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Genre A, Lanfranco L, Perotto S, Bonfante P. Unique and common traits in mycorrhizal symbioses. Nat Rev Microbiol 2020; 18:649-660. [PMID: 32694620 DOI: 10.1038/s41579-020-0402-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Mycorrhizas are among the most important biological interkingdom interactions, as they involve ~340,000 land plants and ~50,000 taxa of soil fungi. In these mutually beneficial interactions, fungi receive photosynthesis-derived carbon and provide the host plant with mineral nutrients such as phosphorus and nitrogen in exchange. More than 150 years of research on mycorrhizas has raised awareness of their biology, biodiversity and ecological impact. In this Review, we focus on recent phylogenomic, molecular and cell biology studies to present the current state of knowledge of the origin of mycorrhizal fungi and the evolutionary history of their relationship with land plants. As mycorrhizas feature a variety of phenotypes, depending on partner taxonomy, physiology and cellular interactions, we explore similarities and differences between mycorrhizal types. During evolution, mycorrhizal fungi have refined their biotrophic capabilities to take advantage of their hosts as food sources and protective niches, while plants have developed multiple strategies to accommodate diverse fungal symbionts. Intimate associations with pervasive ecological success have originated at the crossroads between these two evolutionary pathways. Our understanding of the biological processes underlying these symbioses, where fungi act as biofertilizers and bioprotectors, provides the tools to design biotechnological applications addressing environmental and agricultural challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Genre
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Luisa Lanfranco
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Silvia Perotto
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Paola Bonfante
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
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31
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Fadaei S, Vaziriyeganeh M, Young M, Sherr I, Zwiazek JJ. Ericoid mycorrhizal fungi enhance salt tolerance in ericaceous plants. MYCORRHIZA 2020; 30:419-429. [PMID: 32363467 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-020-00958-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
To examine the effects of ericoid mycorrhizal (ERM) fungi on salt tolerance of ericaceous plants, we inoculated roots of velvetleaf blueberry (Vaccinium myrtilloides), Labrador tea (Rhododendron groenlandicum), and lingonberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea) with ericoid mycorrhizal fungi Oidiodendron maius and Meliniomyces variabilis. Plants were subjected to 0 (NaCl control) and 30 mM NaCl treatments, and plant dry weights, gas exchange, and leaf chlorophyll concentrations were compared in inoculated and non-inoculated plants. M. variabilis increased root dry weights in all three species of NaCl-treated plants, and O. maius enhanced root dry weights of lingonberry plants treated with NaCl. Both fungal species were especially effective in enhancing root and shoot dry weights in control (0 mM NaCl) and NaCl-treated lingonberry seedlings. Leaf chlorophyll concentrations were enhanced by fungal inoculation in all three plant species, and this effect persisted under salt stress in Labrador tea and lingonberry. Salt treatment drastically reduced transpiration rates (E) and lowered net photosynthesis (Pn) to the negative values in all three species of non-inoculated plants, and this effect was partly or almost completely reversed by the inoculation with O. maius and M. variabilis. Fungal inoculation was especially effective in reducing NaCl effects on Pn in lingonberry. Oidiodendron maius and M. variabilis were also equally effective in reversing NaCl-induced declines of E in velvetleaf blueberry and lingonberry. However, in Labrador tea, O. maius reversed the decline of E in NaCl-treated plants less compared with M. variabilis resulting in high photosynthetic water use efficiency values. The results support the hypothesis that, similarly to arbuscular mycorrhizal and ectomycorrhizal associations, ERM association increases salt tolerance of plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepideh Fadaei
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, 4-42 Earth Sciences Building, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E3, Canada
| | - Maryamsadat Vaziriyeganeh
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, 4-42 Earth Sciences Building, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E3, Canada
| | - Michelle Young
- Imperial Oil Resources Ltd., Calgary Research Centre, 9223 23rd Street SE, Calgary, AB, T2C 5R2, Canada
| | - Ira Sherr
- Canadian Natural Resources Ltd., 2100, 855 - 2 Street S.W, Calgary, AB, T2P 4J8, Canada
- InnoTech Alberta, 250 Karl Clark Rd NW, Edmonton, AB, T6N 1E4, Canada
| | - Janusz J Zwiazek
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, 4-42 Earth Sciences Building, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E3, Canada.
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Endophyte-mediated synthesis of silver nanoparticles and their biological applications. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:2551-2569. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-09661-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Martin FM, Harrison MJ, Lennon S, Lindahl B, Öpik M, Polle A, Requena N, Selosse MA. Cross-scale integration of mycorrhizal function. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2018; 220:941-946. [PMID: 30408219 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Francis M Martin
- INRA, Université de Lorraine, UMR Interactions Arbres/Micro-Organismes, INRA-Centre Grand Est, Champenoux, 54280, France
| | | | - Sarah Lennon
- New Phytologist Central Office, Bailrigg House, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YE, UK
| | - Björn Lindahl
- Department of Soil and Environment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7014, Uppsala, SE-750 07, Sweden
| | - Maarja Öpik
- Department of Botany, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, 40 Lai St., Tartu, 51005, Estonia
| | - Andrea Polle
- Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, 37077, Germany
| | - Natalia Requena
- Molecular Phytopathology Department, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fritz Haber-Weg 4, Geb. 30.43, 2. OG, Karlsruhe, D-76131, Germany
| | - Marc-André Selosse
- Département Systématique et Evolution, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, UMR 7205 ISYEB, CP 50, 45 rue Buffon, Paris, 75005, France
- Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, ul. Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland
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Bonfante P. The future has roots in the past: the ideas and scientists that shaped mycorrhizal research. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2018; 220:982-995. [PMID: 30160311 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Contents Summary 982 I. Introduction 982 II. The portraits of our ancestors: a gallery of ideas from more than 100 years of mycorrhizal research 983 III. Mycorrhizal fungi in the 'omics' era: first puzzle, how to name mycorrhizal fungi 985 IV. Signalling: a central question of our time? 987 V. The colonization process: how cellular studies predicted future 'omics' data 989 VI. The genetics underlying colonization events 991 VII. Concluding thoughts: chance and needs in mycorrhizal symbioses 992 Acknowledgements 992 References 992 SUMMARY: Our knowledge of mycorrhizas dates back to at least 150 years ago, when the plant pathologists A. B. Frank and G. Gibelli described the surprisingly morphology of forest tree roots surrounded by a fungal mantle. Compared with this history, our molecular study of mycorrhizas remains a young science. To trace the history of mycorrhizal research, from its roots in the distant past, to the present and the future, this review outlines a few topics that were already central in the 19th century and were seminal in revealing the biological meaning of mycorrhizal associations. These include investigations of nutrient exchange between partners, plant responses to mycorrhizal fungi, and the identity and evolution of mycorrhizal symbionts as just a few examples of how the most recent molecular studies of mycorrhizal biology sprouted from the roots of past research. In addition to clarifying the ecological role of mycorrhizas, some of the recent results have changed the perception of the relevance of mycorrhizas in the scientific community, and in the whole of society. Looking to past knowledge while foreseeing strategies for the next steps can help us catch a glimpse of the future of mycorrhizal research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Bonfante
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Viale Mattioli, 25, 10125, Turin, Italy
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