1
|
Foyer CH, Kunert K. The ascorbate-glutathione cycle coming of age. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:2682-2699. [PMID: 38243395 PMCID: PMC11066808 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erae023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Concepts regarding the operation of the ascorbate-glutathione cycle and the associated water/water cycle in the processing of metabolically generated hydrogen peroxide and other forms of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are well established in the literature. However, our knowledge of the functions of these cycles and their component enzymes continues to grow and evolve. Recent insights include participation in the intrinsic environmental and developmental signalling pathways that regulate plant growth, development, and defence. In addition to ROS processing, the enzymes of the two cycles not only support the functions of ascorbate and glutathione, they also have 'moonlighting' functions. They are subject to post-translational modifications and have an extensive interactome, particularly with other signalling proteins. In this assessment of current knowledge, we highlight the central position of the ascorbate-glutathione cycle in the network of cellular redox systems that underpin the energy-sensitive communication within the different cellular compartments and integrate plant signalling pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christine H Foyer
- School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston B15 2TT, UK
| | - Karl Kunert
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, FABI, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 2001, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Tang B, Man J, Lehmann A, Rillig MC. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi benefit plants in response to major global change factors. Ecol Lett 2023; 26:2087-2097. [PMID: 37794719 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Land plants play a key role in global carbon cycling, but the potential role of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in the responses of a wide range of plant species to global change factors (GCFs) remains limited. Based on 1100 paired observations from 181 plant species, we conducted a meta-analysis to test the role of AMF in plant responses to four GCFs: drought, warming, nitrogen (N) addition and elevated CO2 . We show that AMF significantly ameliorate the negative effects of drought on plant performance. The GCFs N addition and elevated CO2 significantly enhance the performance of AM plants but not of non-inoculated plants. AM plants show better performance than their non-inoculated counterparts under warming, although neither of them showed a significant response to this GCF. These results suggest that AMF benefit plants in response to GCFs. Our study highlights the importance of AMF in enhancing plant performance under ongoing global change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Tang
- Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin, Germany
| | - Jing Man
- Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin, Germany
| | - Anika Lehmann
- Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias C Rillig
- Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sheteiwy MS, Basit F, El-Keblawy A, Jośko I, Abbas S, Yang H, Korany SM, Alsherif EA, Dawood MFA, AbdElgawad H. Elevated CO 2 differentially attenuates beryllium-induced oxidative stress in oat and alfalfa. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2023; 175:e14036. [PMID: 37882304 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Elevated CO2 (eCO2 ) is one of the climate changes that may benefit plant growth under emerging soil contaminants such as heavy metals. In this regard, the morpho-physiological mechanisms underlying the mitigating impact of eCO2 on beryllium (Be) phytotoxicity are poorly known. Hence, we investigated eCO2 and Be interactive effects on the growth and metabolism of two species from different groups: cereal (oat) and legume (alfalfa). Be stress significantly reduced the growth and photosynthetic attributes in both species, but alfalfa was more susceptible to Be toxicity. Be stress induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation by increasing photorespiration, subsequently resulting in increased lipid and protein oxidation. However, the growth inhibition and oxidative stress induced by Be stress were mitigated by eCO2 . This could be explained, at least partially, by the increase in organic acids (e.g., citric acid) released into the soil, which subsequently reduced Be uptake. Additionally, eCO2 reduced cellular oxidative damage by reducing photorespiration, which was more significant in alfalfa plants. Furthermore, eCO2 improved the redox status and detoxification processes, including phytochelatins, total glutathione and metallothioneins levels, and glutathione-S-transferase activity in both species, but to a greater extend in alfalfa. In this context, eCO2 also stimulated anthocyanin biosynthesis by accumulating its precursors (phenylalanine, coumaric acid, cinnamic acid, and naringenin) and key biosynthetic enzymes (phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, cinnamate hydroxylase, and coumarate:CoA ligase) mainly in alfalfa plants. Overall, this study explored the mechanistic approach by which eCO2 alleviates the harmful effects of Be. Alfalfa was more sensitive to Be stress than oats; however, the alleviating impact of eCO2 on Be stress was more pronounced in alfalfa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed S Sheteiwy
- Department of Applied Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Farwa Basit
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ali El-Keblawy
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Izabela Jośko
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agrobioengineering, University of Life Sciences, Lublin, Poland
| | - Saghir Abbas
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Haishui Yang
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shereen Magdy Korany
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Emad A Alsherif
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Mona F A Dawood
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Hamada AbdElgawad
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
- Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research (IMPRES), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Li L, Liu Q, Ge S, Tang M, He L, Zou Y, Yu J, Zhou Y. SlIAA23-SlARF6 module controls arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis by regulating strigolactone biosynthesis in tomato. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2023; 46:1921-1934. [PMID: 36891914 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Auxins are a class of phytohormones with roles involved in the establishment and maintenance of the arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis (AMS). Auxin response factors (ARFs) and Auxin/Indole-acetic acids (AUX/IAAs), as two transcription factors of the auxin signaling pathway, coregulate the transcription of auxin response genes. However, the interrelation and regulatory mechanism of ARFs and AUX/IAAs in regulating AMS are still unclear. In this study, we found that the content of auxin in tomato roots increased sharply and revealed the importance of the auxin signaling pathway in the early stage of AMS. Notably, SlARF6 was found to play a negative role in AMF colonization. Silencing SlARF6 significantly increased the expression of AM-marker genes, as well as AMF-induced phosphorus uptake. SlIAA23 could interact with SlARF6 in vivo and in vitro, and promoted the AMS and phosphorus uptake. Interestingly, SlARF6 and SlIAA23 played a contrary role in strigolactone (SL) synthesis and accumulation in AMF-colonized roots of tomato plants. SlARF6 could directly bind to the AuxRE motif of the SlCCD8 promoter and inhibited its transcription, however, this effect was attenuated by SlIAA23 through interaction with SlARF6. Our results suggest that SlIAA23-SlARF6 coregulated tomato-AMS via an SL-dependent pathway, thus affecting phosphorus uptake in tomato plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lan Li
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qianying Liu
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shibei Ge
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mingjia Tang
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liqun He
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuwen Zou
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingquan Yu
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Sanya, China
| | - Yanhong Zhou
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Sanya, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plants Growth and Development, Agricultural Ministry of China, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Li Z, Zhang Y, Liu C, Gao Y, Han L, Chu H. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi contribute to reactive oxygen species homeostasis of Bombax ceiba L. under drought stress. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:991781. [PMID: 36204632 PMCID: PMC9530913 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.991781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Drought stress is one of the major abiotic factors limiting plant growth and causing ecological degradation. The regulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and ROS scavenging is essential to plant growth under drought stress. To investigate the role of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on ROS generation and ROS scavenging ability under drought stress in Bombax ceiba, the ROS content, the expression levels of respiratory burst oxidase homologue (Rbohs), and the antioxidant response were evaluated in AMF and NMF (non-inoculated AMF) plants under drought stress. 14 BcRboh genes were identified in the B. ceiba genome and divided into five subgroups based on phylogenetic analysis. The effect of AMF on the expression profiles of BcRbohs were different under our conditions. AMF mainly downregulated the expression of Rbohs (BcRbohA, BcRbohD, BcRbohDX2, BcRbohE, BcRbohFX1, and BcRbohI) in drought-stressed seedlings. For well-water (WW) treatment, AMF slightly upregulated Rbohs in seedlings. AMF inoculation decreased the malondialdehyde (MDA) content by 19.11 and 20.85%, decreased the O2⋅– production rate by 39.69 and 65.20% and decreased H2O2 content by 20.06 and 43.21% compared with non-mycorrhizal (NMF) plants under drought stress in root and shoot, respectively. In addition, AMF inoculation increased the non-enzymatic antioxidants glutathione (GSH) and ascorbic acid (AsA) content in roots by 153.52 and 28.18% under drought stress, respectively. The activities of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, PX, CAT, APX, GPX, GR, MDAR, and DHAR) all increased ranging from 19.47 - 131.54% due to AMF inoculation under drought stress. In conclusion, these results reveal that AMF inoculation can maintain ROS homeostasis by mitigating drought-induced ROS burst, via decreasing ROS generation and enhancing ROS scavenging ability of B. ceiba seedlings.
Collapse
|
6
|
Foyer CH, Hanke G. ROS production and signalling in chloroplasts: cornerstones and evolving concepts. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 111:642-661. [PMID: 35665548 PMCID: PMC9545066 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as singlet oxygen, superoxide (O2●- ) and hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) are the markers of living cells. Oxygenic photosynthesis produces ROS in abundance, which act as a readout of a functional electron transport system and metabolism. The concept that photosynthetic ROS production is a major driving force in chloroplast to nucleus retrograde signalling is embedded in the literature, as is the role of chloroplasts as environmental sensors. The different complexes and components of the photosynthetic electron transport chain (PETC) regulate O2●- production in relation to light energy availability and the redox state of the stromal Cys-based redox systems. All of the ROS generated in chloroplasts have the potential to act as signals and there are many sulphhydryl-containing proteins and peptides in chloroplasts that have the potential to act as H2 O2 sensors and function in signal transduction. While ROS may directly move out of the chloroplasts to other cellular compartments, ROS signalling pathways can only be triggered if appropriate ROS-sensing proteins are present at or near the site of ROS production. Chloroplast antioxidant systems serve either to propagate these signals or to remove excess ROS that cannot effectively be harnessed in signalling. The key challenge is to understand how regulated ROS delivery from the PETC to the Cys-based redox machinery is organised to transmit redox signals from the environment to the nucleus. Redox changes associated with stromal carbohydrate metabolism also play a key role in chloroplast signalling pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christine H. Foyer
- School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental SciencesUniversity of BirminghamEdgbastonB15 2TTUK
| | - Guy Hanke
- School of Biological and Chemical SciencesQueen Mary University of LondonMile End RoadLondonE1 4NSUK
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
AbdElgawad H, El-Sawah AM, Mohammed AE, Alotaibi MO, Yehia RS, Selim S, Saleh AM, Beemster GTS, Sheteiwy MS. Increasing atmospheric CO 2 differentially supports arsenite stress mitigating impact of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in wheat and soybean plants. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 296:134044. [PMID: 35202662 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are beneficial for the plant growth under heavy metal stress. Such beneficial effect is improved by elevated CO2 (eCO2). However, the mechanisms by which eCO2 improves AMF symbiotic associations under arsenite (AsIII) toxicity are hardly studied. Herein, we compared these regulatory mechanisms in species from two agronomical important plant families - grasses (wheat) and legumes (soybean). AsIII decreased plant growth (i.e., 53.75 and 60.29% of wheat and soybean, respectively) and photosynthesis. It also increased photorespiration and oxidative injury in both species, but soybean was more sensitive to oxidative stress as indicated by higher H2O2 accumulation and oxidation of protein and lipid. eCO2 significantly improved AMF colonization by increasing auxin levels, which induced high carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase (CCDs) activity, particularly in soybean roots. The improved sugar metabolism in plant shoots by co-application of eCO2 and AsIII allocated more sugars to roots sequentially. Sugar accumulation in plant roots is further induced by AMF, resulting in more C skeletons to produce organic acids, which are effectively exudated into the soil to reduce AsIII uptake. Exposure to eCO2 reduced oxidative damage and this mitigation was stronger in soybean. This could be attributed to a greater reduction in photorespiration as well as a stronger antioxidant and detoxification defence systems. The grass/legume-specificity was supported by principal component analysis, which revealed that soybean was more affected by AsIII stress and more responsive to AMF and eCO2. This study provided a mechanistic understanding of the impact of AMF, eCO2 and their interaction on As-stressed grass and legume plants, allowing better practical strategies to mitigate AsIII phytotoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hamada AbdElgawad
- Laboratory for Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research (IMPRES), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, 62521, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M El-Sawah
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Afrah E Mohammed
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Modhi O Alotaibi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ramy S Yehia
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, 31982, Saudi Arabia; Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt
| | - Samy Selim
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M Saleh
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt
| | - Gerrit T S Beemster
- Laboratory for Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research (IMPRES), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Mohamed S Sheteiwy
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Chen X, Chen J, Liao D, Ye H, Li C, Luo Z, Yan A, Zhao Q, Xie K, Li Y, Wang D, Chen J, Chen A, Xu G. Auxin-mediated regulation of arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis: A role of SlGH3.4 in tomato. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2022; 45:955-968. [PMID: 34713922 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Most land plants can establish symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi to increase fitness to environmental challenges. The development of AM symbiosis is controlled by intricate procedures involving all phytohormones. However, the mechanisms underlying the auxin-mediated regulation of AM symbiosis remains largely unknown. Here, we report that AM colonisation promotes auxin response and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) accumulation, but downregulates IAA biosynthesis genes in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). External IAA application modulates the AM symbiosis by promoting arbuscule formation at low concentrations but repressing it at high concentrations. An AM-induced GH3 gene, SlGH3.4, encoding a putative IAA-amido synthetase, negatively regulates mycorrhization via maintaining cellular auxin homoeostasis. Loss of SlGH3.4 function increased free IAA content and arbuscule incidence, while constitutively overexpressing SlGH3.4 in either tomato or rice resulted in decreased IAA content, total colonisation level and arbuscule abundance in mycorrhizal roots. Several auxin-inducible expansin genes involved in AM formation or resistance to pathogen infection were upregulated in slgh3.4 mycorrhizal roots but downregulated in the SlGH3.4-overexpressing plants. Taken together, our results highlight a positive correlation between the endogenous IAA content and mycorrhization level, particularly arbuscule incidence, and suggest that the SlGH3.4-mediated auxin homoeostasis and regulation of expansin genes is involved in finely tuning the AM development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiadong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Zhejiang Institute of Subtropical Crops, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dehua Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hanghang Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Cai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhenzhen Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Anning Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qingchun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kun Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yiting Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Genetic Improvement and Biotechnology, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Dongsheng Wang
- Department of Ecological Environment and Soil Science, Nanjing Institute of Vegetable Science, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun Chen
- College of Horticulture Technology, Suzhou Polytechnic Institute of Agriculture, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Aiqun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guohua Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ge S, He L, Jin L, Xia X, Li L, Ahammed GJ, Qi Z, Yu J, Zhou Y. Light-dependent activation of HY5 promotes mycorrhizal symbiosis in tomato by systemically regulating strigolactone biosynthesis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 233:1900-1914. [PMID: 34839530 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Light quality affects mutualisms between plant roots and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMFs), which modify nutrient acquisition in plants. However, the mechanisms by which light systemically modulates root colonization by AMFs and phosphate uptake in roots remain unclear. We used a range of approaches, including grafting techniques, protein immunoblot analysis, electrophoretic mobility shift assay, chromatin immunoprecipitation, and dual-luciferase assays, to unveil the molecular basis of light signal transmission from shoot to root that mediates arbuscule development and phosphate uptake in tomato. The results show that shoot phytochrome B (phyB) triggers shoot-derived mobile ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL5 (HY5) protein accumulation in roots, and HY5 further positively regulates transcription of strigolactone (SL) synthetic genes, thus forming a shoot phyB-dependent systemic signaling pathway that regulates the synthesis and accumulation of SLs in roots. Further experiments with carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase 7 mutants and supplementary red light confirm that SLs are indispensable in the red-light-regulated mycorrhizal symbiosis in roots. Our results reveal a phyB-HY5-SLs systemic signaling cascade that facilitates mycorrhizal symbiosis and phosphate utilization in plants. The findings provide new prospects for the potential application of AMFs and light manipulation to effectively improve nutrient utilization and minimize the use of chemical fertilizers and associated pollution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shibei Ge
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Liqun He
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Lijuan Jin
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xiaojian Xia
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plants Growth and Development, Agricultural Ministry of China, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Lan Li
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Golam Jalal Ahammed
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, 471023, China
| | - Zhenyu Qi
- Agricultural Experiment Station, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jingquan Yu
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plants Growth and Development, Agricultural Ministry of China, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yanhong Zhou
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plants Growth and Development, Agricultural Ministry of China, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wang L, Jia X, Zhao Y, Zhang C, Zhao J. Effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in roots on antioxidant enzyme activity in leaves of Robinia pseudoacacia L. seedlings under elevated CO 2 and Cd exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 294:118652. [PMID: 34890743 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are easily influenced by increasing atmospheric CO2 concentration and heavy metals including cadmium (Cd), which can regulate antioxidant enzyme in host plants. Although the effect of AMF under individual conditions such as elevated CO2 (ECO2) and Cd on antioxidant enzyme in host plants has been reported widely, the effect of AMF under ECO2 + Cd receives little attention. In this study, a pot experiment was conducted to study the effect of AMF community in roots on superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and peroxidase (POD) activities in leaves of 135-d Robinia pseudoacacia L. seedlings under ECO2 + Cd. The activities of SOD and CAT increased and POD activity and the richness and diversity of AMF community decreased under ECO2 + Cd relative to Cd alone. The richness and diversity of AMF were negatively related to Cd content in roots and leaves. The richness and OTUs of AMF community positively and AMF gene abundance negatively affected POD activity under the combined treatments. Superoxide dismutase and POD activities were negatively and positively related to Archaeospora and Scutellospora, respectively, under ECO2 + Cd. Cadmium in roots and leaves was negatively and significantly related to Glomus, Scutellospora, and Claroideoglomus abundance under ECO2 + Cd. Overall, AMF diversity and Archaeospora and Scutellospora in roots significantly influenced SOD, POD, and CAT activities. The response of AM symbiosis to ECO2 might regulate antioxidant capacity in host plants upon Cd exposure. Glomus, Scutellospora, and Claroideoglomus might be applied to phytoremediation of Cd-contaminated soils.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region of Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Land Consolidation, School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710054, PR China
| | - Xia Jia
- Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region of Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Land Consolidation, School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710054, PR China.
| | - Yonghua Zhao
- School of Land Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710054, PR China
| | - ChunYan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region of Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Land Consolidation, School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710054, PR China
| | - Jiamin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region of Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Land Consolidation, School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710054, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhou X, Tan Z, Zhou Y, Guo S, Sang T, Wang Y, Shu S. Physiological mechanism of strigolactone enhancing tolerance to low light stress in cucumber seedlings. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:30. [PMID: 35027005 PMCID: PMC8756728 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03414-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactone is a newly discovered type of plant hormone that has multiple roles in modulating plant responses to abiotic stress. Herein, we aimed to investigate the effects of exogenous GR24 (a synthetic analogue of strigolactone) on plant growth, photosynthetic characteristics, carbohydrate levels, endogenous strigolactone content and antioxidant metabolism in cucumber seedlings under low light stress. The results showed that the application of 10 μM GR24 can increase the photosynthetic efficiency and plant biomass of low light-stressed cucumber seedlings. GR24 increased the accumulation of carbohydrates and the synthesis of sucrose-related enzyme activities, enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities and antioxidant substance contents, and reduced the levels of H2O2 and MDA in cucumber seedlings under low light stress. These results indicate that exogenous GR24 might alleviate low light stress-induced growth inhibition by regulating the assimilation of carbon and antioxidants and endogenous strigolactone contents, thereby enhancing the tolerance of cucumber seedlings to low light stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinpeng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetable Crop Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhanming Tan
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Tarim University, Xinjiang, 843300, China
| | - Yaguang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetable Crop Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Shirong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetable Crop Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Sang
- Institute of Horticultural Research, NingXia Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Science, YinChuan, 750002, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetable Crop Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng Shu
- Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetable Crop Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ahammed GJ, Guang Y, Yang Y, Chen J. Mechanisms of elevated CO 2-induced thermotolerance in plants: the role of phytohormones. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2021; 40:2273-2286. [PMID: 34269828 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-021-02751-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Rising atmospheric CO2 is a key driver of climate change, intensifying drastic changes in meteorological parameters. Plants can sense and respond to changes in environmental parameters including atmospheric CO2 and temperatures. High temperatures beyond the physiological threshold can significantly affect plant growth and development and thus attenuate crop productivity. However, elevated atmospheric CO2 can mitigate the deleterious effects of heat stress on plants. Despite a large body of literature supporting the positive impact of elevated CO2 on thermotolerance, the underlying biological mechanisms and precise molecular pathways that lead to enhanced tolerance to heat stress remain largely unclear. Under heat stress, elevated CO2-induced expression of respiratory burst oxidase homologs (RBOHs) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling play a critical role in stomatal movement, which optimizes gas exchange to enhance photosynthesis and water use efficiency. Notably, elevated CO2 also fortifies antioxidant defense and redox homeostasis to alleviate heat-induced oxidative damage. Both hormone-dependent and independent pathways have been shown to mediate high CO2-induced thermotolerance. The activation of heat-shock factors and subsequent expression of heat-shock proteins are thought to be the essential mechanism downstream of hormone and ROS signaling. Here we review the role of phytohormones in plant response to high atmospheric CO2 and temperatures. We also discuss the potential mechanisms of elevated CO2-induced thermotolerance by focusing on several key phytohormones such as ethylene. Finally, we address some limitations of our current understanding and the need for further research to unveil the yet-unknown crosstalk between plant hormones in mediating high CO2-induced thermotolerance in plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Golam Jalal Ahammed
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China
| | - Yelan Guang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Nondestructive Testing of Fruits and Vegetables, Collaborative Innovation Center of Post-Harvest Key Technology and Quality Safety of Fruits and Vegetables, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Youxin Yang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Nondestructive Testing of Fruits and Vegetables, Collaborative Innovation Center of Post-Harvest Key Technology and Quality Safety of Fruits and Vegetables, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China.
| | - Jinyin Chen
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Nondestructive Testing of Fruits and Vegetables, Collaborative Innovation Center of Post-Harvest Key Technology and Quality Safety of Fruits and Vegetables, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China.
- Pingxiang University, Pingxiang, Jiangxi, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Considine MJ, Foyer CH. Oxygen and reactive oxygen species-dependent regulation of plant growth and development. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 186:79-92. [PMID: 33793863 PMCID: PMC8154071 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiaa077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Oxygen and reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been co-opted during evolution into the regulation of plant growth, development, and differentiation. ROS and oxidative signals arising from metabolism or phytohormone-mediated processes control almost every aspect of plant development from seed and bud dormancy, liberation of meristematic cells from the quiescent state, root and shoot growth, and architecture, to flowering and seed production. Moreover, the phytochrome and phytohormone-dependent transmissions of ROS waves are central to the systemic whole plant signaling pathways that integrate root and shoot growth. The sensing of oxygen availability through the PROTEOLYSIS 6 (PRT6) N-degron pathway functions alongside ROS production and signaling but how these pathways interact in developing organs remains poorly understood. Considerable progress has been made in our understanding of the nature of hydrogen peroxide sensors and the role of thiol-dependent signaling networks in the transmission of ROS signals. Reduction/oxidation (redox) changes in the glutathione (GSH) pool, glutaredoxins (GRXs), and thioredoxins (TRXs) are important in the control of growth mediated by phytohormone pathways. Although, it is clear that the redox states of proteins involved in plant growth and development are controlled by the NAD(P)H thioredoxin reductase (NTR)/TRX and reduced GSH/GRX systems of the cytosol, chloroplasts, mitochondria, and nucleus, we have only scratched the surface of this multilayered control and how redox-regulated processes interact with other cell signaling systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Considine
- The School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Christine H Foyer
- School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT, UK
- Author for communication:
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Wang L, Jia X, Zhao Y, Zhang C, Gao Y, Li X, Cao K, Zhang N. Effects of elevated CO 2 on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi associated with Robinia pseudoacacia L. grown in cadmium-contaminated soils. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 768:144453. [PMID: 33434802 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
As symbionts capable of reciprocal rewards, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can alleviate heavy metal toxicity to host plants and are easily influenced by elevated CO2 (ECO2). Although the individual effects of ECO2 and cadmium (Cd) on AMF have been widely reported, the response of AMF to ECO2 + Cd receives little attention. We evaluated the combined effects of ECO2 and Cd on AMF in the rhizosphere soil and roots of Robinia pseudoacacia L. seedlings. Under ECO2 + Cd relative to Cd, AMF gene copies and richness in rhizosphere soils increased (p < 0.05) and the diversity reduced (p < 0.05) at 4.5 mg Cd kg-1 dry soil; whereas root AMF abundance at 4.5 mg Cd kg-1 dry soil and the diversity and richness reduced (p < 0.05). Elevated CO2 caused obvious differences in the dominant genera abundance between rhizosphere soils and roots upon Cd exposure. Responses of C, water-soluble organic nitrogen (WSON), pH, and diethylene triamine penta-acetic acid (DTPA)-Cd in rhizosphere soils and root N to ECO2 shaped dominant genera in Cd-polluted rhizosphere soils. Levels of DTPA-Cd, WSON, C and pH in rhizosphere soils and C/N ratio, N, and Cd in roots to ECO2 affected (p < 0.05) dominant genera in roots under Cd exposure. AMF richness and diversity were lower in roots than in rhizosphere soils. Elevated CO2 altered AMF communities in rhizosphere soils and roots of R. pseudoacacia seedlings exposed to Cd. AMF associated with R. pseudoacacia may be useful/interesting to be used for improving the phytoremediation of Cd under ECO2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region of Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Land Consolidation, School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, PR China
| | - Xia Jia
- Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region of Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Land Consolidation, School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, PR China.
| | - Yonghua Zhao
- School of Land Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, PR China
| | - ChunYan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region of Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Land Consolidation, School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, PR China
| | - Yunfen Gao
- School of Land Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, PR China
| | - Xiaodi Li
- Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region of Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Land Consolidation, School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, PR China
| | - Kemeng Cao
- Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region of Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Land Consolidation, School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, PR China
| | - Ningjing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region of Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Land Consolidation, School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Johns S, Hagihara T, Toyota M, Gilroy S. The fast and the furious: rapid long-range signaling in plants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 185:694-706. [PMID: 33793939 PMCID: PMC8133610 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiaa098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Plants possess a systemic signaling system whereby local stimuli can lead to rapid, plant-wide responses. In addition to the redistribution of chemical messengers that range from RNAs and peptides to hormones and metabolites, a communication system acting through the transmission of electrical, Ca2+, reactive oxygen species and potentially even hydraulic signals has also been discovered. This latter system can propagate signals across many cells each second and researchers are now beginning to uncover the molecular machineries behind this rapid communications network. Thus, elements such as the reactive oxygen species producing NAPDH oxidases and ion channels of the two pore channel, glutamate receptor-like and cyclic nucleotide gated families are all required for the rapid propagation of these signals. Upon arrival at their distant targets, these changes trigger responses ranging from the production of hormones, to changes in the levels of primary metabolites and shifts in patterns of gene expression. These systemic responses occur within seconds to minutes of perception of the initial, local signal, allowing for the rapid deployment of plant-wide responses. For example, an insect starting to chew on just a single leaf triggers preemptive antiherbivore defenses throughout the plant well before it has a chance to move on to the next leaf on its menu.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Johns
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Birge Hall, 430 Lincoln Drive, Madison, WI 35706, USA
| | - Takuma Hagihara
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Masatsugu Toyota
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Simon Gilroy
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Birge Hall, 430 Lincoln Drive, Madison, WI 35706, USA
- Author for communication:
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Wang Y, Zhang W, Liu W, Ahammed GJ, Wen W, Guo S, Shu S, Sun J. Auxin is involved in arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi-promoted tomato growth and NADP-malic enzymes expression in continuous cropping substrates. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:48. [PMID: 33461504 PMCID: PMC7814736 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02817-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite significant limitations of growth medium reuse, a large amount of organic substrate is reused in soilless cultivation of horticultural crops in China. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can promote nutrient absorption and improve plant tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses. However, the mechanisms governing the effects of AMF on crop growth in organic continuous cropping substrates have not been elucidated. RESULTS In this study, we showed that the inoculation of AMF in continuous cropping substrates promoted growth and root development, and increased the root and NADP-malic enzyme (NADP-ME) activity of tomato seedlings. Root transcriptome analysis demonstrated that the plant hormone signal transduction pathway was highly enriched, and 109 genes that positively correlated with the AMF-inoculated plant phenotype were obtained by gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), which identified 9 genes related to indole acetic acid (IAA). Importantly, the levels of endogenous IAA in tomato seedlings significantly increased after AMF inoculation. Furthermore, the application of AMF significantly increased the expression levels of NADP-ME1 and NADP-ME2, as well as the activity of NADP-ME, and enhanced the root activity of tomato seedlings in comparison to that observed without inoculation of AMF. However, these effects were blocked in plants treated with 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA), a polar transport inhibitor of IAA. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that IAA mediates the AMF-promoted tomato growth and expression of NADP-MEs in continuous cropping substrates. The study provides convincing evidence for the reuse of continuous cropping substrates by adding AMF as an amendment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Wenze Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Weikang Liu
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Golam Jalal Ahammed
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China
| | - Wenxu Wen
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Shirong Guo
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Sheng Shu
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Jin Sun
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Phour M, Sehrawat A, Sindhu SS, Glick BR. Interkingdom signaling in plant-rhizomicrobiome interactions for sustainable agriculture. Microbiol Res 2020; 241:126589. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2020.126589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
18
|
Fichman Y, Mittler R. Rapid systemic signaling during abiotic and biotic stresses: is the ROS wave master of all trades? THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 102:887-896. [PMID: 31943489 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Rapidly communicating the perception of an abiotic stress event, wounding or pathogen infection, from its initial site of occurrence to the entire plant, i.e. rapid systemic signaling, is essential for successful plant acclimation and defense. Recent studies highlighted an important role for several rapid whole-plant systemic signals in mediating plant acclimation and defense during different abiotic and biotic stresses. These include calcium, reactive oxygen species (ROS), hydraulic and electric waves. Although the role of some of these signals in inducing and coordinating whole-plant systemic responses was demonstrated, many questions related to their mode of action, routes of propagation and integration remain unanswered. In addition, it is unclear how these signals convey specificity to the systemic response, and how are they integrated under conditions of stress combination. Here we highlight many of these questions, as well as provide a proposed model for systemic signal integration, focusing on the ROS wave.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yosef Fichman
- The Division of Plant Sciences, College of Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources, and Interdisciplinary Plant Group, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center University of Missouri, 1201 Rollins St, Columbia, MO, 65201, USA
| | - Ron Mittler
- The Division of Plant Sciences, College of Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources, and Interdisciplinary Plant Group, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center University of Missouri, 1201 Rollins St, Columbia, MO, 65201, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Abstract
Rising CO2 concentrations and their effects on plant productivity present challenging issues. Effects on the photosynthesis/photorespiration balance and changes in primary metabolism are known, caused by the competitive interaction of CO2 and O2 at the active site of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase. However, impacts on stress resistance are less clear. Reactive oxygen species are key players in biotic and abiotic stress responses, but there is no consensus on whether elevated CO2 constitutes a stress. Although high CO2 increases yield in C3 plants, it can also increase cellular oxidation and activate phytohormone defense pathways. Reduction-oxidation processes play key roles in acclimation to high CO2, with specific enzymes acting in compartment-specific signaling. Traditionally, acclimation to high CO2 has been considered in terms of altered carbon gain, but emerging evidence suggests that CO2 is a signal as well as a substrate. Some CO2 effects on defense are likely mediated independently of primary metabolism. Nonetheless, primary photosynthetic metabolism is highly integrated with defense and stress signaling pathways, meaning that plants will be able to acclimate to the changing environment over the coming decades.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christine H Foyer
- School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston B15 2TT, United Kingdom;
| | - Graham Noctor
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Université d'Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91405 Orsay, France;
- Université de Paris, CNRS, INRAE, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91405 Orsay, France
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF)
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Foyer CH, Kyndt T, Hancock RD. Vitamin C in Plants: Novel Concepts, New Perspectives, and Outstanding Issues. Antioxid Redox Signal 2020; 32:463-485. [PMID: 31701753 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2019.7819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Significance: The concept that vitamin C (l-ascorbic acid) is at the heart of the peroxide processing and redox signaling hub in plants is well established, but our knowledge of the precise mechanisms involved remains patchy at best. Recent Advances: Ascorbate participates in the multifaceted signaling pathways initiated by both reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species. Crucially, the apoplastic ascorbate/dehydroascorbate (DHA) ratio that is regulated by ascorbate oxidase (AO) sculpts the apoplastic ROS (apoROS) signal that controls polarized cell growth, biotic and abiotic defences, and cell to cell signaling, as well as exerting control over the light-dependent regulation of photosynthesis. Critical Issues: Here we re-evaluate the roles of ascorbate in photosynthesis and other processes, addressing the question of how much we really know about the regulation of ascorbate homeostasis and its functions in plants, or how AO is regulated to modulate apoROS signals. Future Directions: The role of microRNAs in the regulation of AO activity in relation to stress perception and signaling must be resolved. Similarly, the molecular characterization of ascorbate transporters and mechanistic links between photosynthetic and respiratory electron transport and ascorbate synthesis/homeostasis are a prerequisite to understanding ascorbate homeostasis and function. Similarly, there is little in vivo evidence for ascorbate functions as an enzyme cofactor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christine H Foyer
- School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, United Kingdom
| | - Tina Kyndt
- Department Biotechnology, University of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Robert D Hancock
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, The James Hutton Institute, Dundee, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Hause B. Elevated CO 2 -induced improvement of mycorrhization - which players lie in-between? THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 224:5-7. [PMID: 31325386 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Hause
- Department of Cell and Metabolic Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, D06120, Halle, Germany
| |
Collapse
|