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Sun Y, Ren ZK, Müller-Schärer H, Callaway RM, van Kleunen M, Huang W. Increasing and fluctuating resource availability enhances invasional meltdown. Ecology 2024; 105:e4387. [PMID: 39016245 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.4387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
Exotic plant invaders can promote others via direct or indirect facilitation, known as "invasional meltdown." Increased soil nutrients can also promote invaders by increasing their competitive impacts, but how this might affect meltdown is unknown. In a mesocosm experiment, we evaluated how eight exotic plant species and eight Eurasian native species responded individually to increasing densities of the invasive plant Conyza canadensis, while varying the supply and fluctuations of nutrients. We found that increasing density of C. canadensis intensified competitive suppression of natives but intensified facilitation of other exotics. Higher and fluctuating nutrients exacerbated the competitive effects on natives and facilitative effects on exotics. Overall, these results show a pronounced advantage of exotics over native target species with increased relative density of C. canadensis under high nutrient availability and fluctuation. We integrate these results with the observation that exotic species commonly drive increases in soil resources to suggest the Resource-driven Invasional Meltdown and Inhibition of Natives hypothesis in which biotic acceleration of resource availability promotes other exotic species over native species, leading to invasional meltdown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Sun
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhi-Kun Ren
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Heinz Müller-Schärer
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Ragan M Callaway
- Division of Biological Sciences and Wildlife Biology, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, USA
| | - Mark van Kleunen
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Taizhou, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
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2
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Nagy DU, Thoma AE, Al-Gharaibeh M, Callaway RM, Flory SL, Frazee LJ, Hartmann M, Hensen I, Jandová K, Khasa DP, Lekberg Y, Pal RW, Samartza I, Shah MA, Sheng M, Slate M, Stein C, Tsunoda T, Rosche C. Among-population variation in drought responses is consistent across life stages but not between native and non-native ranges. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 243:922-935. [PMID: 38859570 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Understanding how widespread species adapt to variation in abiotic conditions across their ranges is fundamental to ecology. Insight may come from studying how among-population variation (APV) in the common garden corresponds with the environmental conditions of source populations. However, there are no such studies comparing native vs non-native populations across multiple life stages. We examined APV in the performance and functional traits of 59 Conyza canadensis populations, in response to drought, across large aridity gradients in the native (North America) and non-native (Eurasia) ranges in three experiments. Our treatment (dry vs wet) was applied at the recruitment, juvenile, and adult life stages. We found contrasting patterns of APV in drought responses between the two ranges. In the native range, plant performance was less reduced by drought in populations from xeric than mesic habitats, but such relationship was not apparent for non-native populations. These range-specific patterns were consistent across the life stages. The weak adaptive responses of non-native populations indicate that they can become highly abundant even without complete local adaptation to abiotic environments and suggest that long-established invaders may still be evolving to the abiotic environment. These findings may explain lag times in invasions and raise concern about future expansions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dávid U Nagy
- Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, 06108, Germany
| | - Arpad E Thoma
- Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, 06108, Germany
| | - Mohammad Al-Gharaibeh
- Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
| | - Ragan M Callaway
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA
| | - S Luke Flory
- Agronomy Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Lauren J Frazee
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, & Natural Resources, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | | | - Isabell Hensen
- Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, 06108, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
| | - Kateřina Jandová
- Institute for Environmental Studies, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, CZ-12801, Czech Republic
| | - Damase P Khasa
- Centre for Forest Research and Institute for Integrative and Systems Biology, Université Laval, Quebec, QC, G1V0A6, Canada
| | - Ylva Lekberg
- MPG Ranch Missoula, Florence, MT, 59833, USA
- Department of Ecosystem and Conservation Sciences, W.A. Franke College of Forestry and Conservation, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA
| | - Robert W Pal
- Department of Biological Sciences, Montana Technological University, Butte, MT, 59701, USA
| | - Ioulietta Samartza
- School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, 54124, Greece
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, Hellenic Agricultural Organization Demeter, Thessaloniki, 57001, Greece
| | - Manzoor A Shah
- Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir, 190006, India
| | - Min Sheng
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Mandy Slate
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Claudia Stein
- Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Auburn University at Montgomery, Montgomery, AL, 36124, USA
| | - Tomonori Tsunoda
- Bioscience and Biotechnology, Fukui Prefectural University, Fukui, 910-1195, Japan
| | - Christoph Rosche
- Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, 06108, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
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3
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Li G, Tang Y, Lou J, Wang Y, Yin S, Li L, Iqbal B, Lozano YM, Zhao T, Du D. The promoting effects of soil microplastics on alien plant invasion depend on microplastic shape and concentration. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 926:172089. [PMID: 38554966 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Both alien plant invasions and soil microplastic pollution have become a concerning threat for terrestrial ecosystems, with consequences on the human well-being. However, our current knowledge of microplastic effects on the successful invasion of plants remains limited, despite numerous studies demonstrating the direct and indirect impacts of microplastics on plant performance. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted a greenhouse experiment involving the mixtures of soil and low-density polyethylene (LDPE) microplastic pellets and fragments at the concentrations of 0, 0.5 % and 2.0 %. Additionally, we included Solidago decurrens (native plant) and S. canadensis (alien invasive plant) as the target plants. Each pot contained an individual of either species, after six-month cultivation, plant biomass and antioxidant enzymes, as well as soil properties including soil moisture, pH, available nutrient, and microbial biomass were measured. Our results indicated that microplastic effects on soil properties and plant growth indices depended on the Solidago species, microplastic shapes and concentrations. For example, microplastics exerted positive effects on soil moisture of the soil with native species but negative effects with invasive species, which were impacted by microplastic shapes and concentrations, respectively. Microplastics significantly impacted catalase (P < 0.05) and superoxide dismutase (P < 0.01), aboveground biomass (P < 0.01), and belowground/aboveground biomass (P < 0.01) of the native species depending on microplastic shapes, but no significant effects on those of the invasive species. Furthermore, microplastics effects on soil properties, nutrient, nutrient ratio, and plant antioxidant enzyme activities contributed to plant biomass differently among these two species. These results suggested that the microplastics exerted a more pronounced impact on native Solidago plants than the invasive ones. This implies that the alien invasive species displays greater resistance to microplastic pollution, potentially promoting their invasion. Overall, our study contributes to a better understanding of the promoting effects of microplastic pollution on plant invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanlin Li
- School of Environment and Safety Engineering, School of Emergency Management, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Green Technology and Contingency Management for Emerging Pollutants, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Tang
- School of Environment and Safety Engineering, School of Emergency Management, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Green Technology and Contingency Management for Emerging Pollutants, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiabao Lou
- School of Environment and Safety Engineering, School of Emergency Management, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Green Technology and Contingency Management for Emerging Pollutants, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanjiao Wang
- School of Environment and Safety Engineering, School of Emergency Management, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Green Technology and Contingency Management for Emerging Pollutants, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiyu Yin
- School of Environment and Safety Engineering, School of Emergency Management, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Green Technology and Contingency Management for Emerging Pollutants, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Lianghui Li
- School of Environment and Safety Engineering, School of Emergency Management, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Green Technology and Contingency Management for Emerging Pollutants, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Babar Iqbal
- School of Environment and Safety Engineering, School of Emergency Management, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Green Technology and Contingency Management for Emerging Pollutants, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Yudi M Lozano
- Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin 14195, Germany.
| | - Tingting Zhao
- Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin 14195, Germany.
| | - Daolin Du
- Jingjiang College, Institute of Environment and Ecology, School of Emergency Management, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, School of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, People's Republic of China.
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4
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Daba G, Daelemans R, Berecha G, Geerinck MWJ, Verreth C, Crauwels S, Lievens B, Honnay O. Genetic diversity and structure of the coffee leaf rust fungus Hemileia vastatrix across different coffee management systems in Ethiopia. Int Microbiol 2024; 27:525-534. [PMID: 37507629 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-023-00409-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Although coffee leaf rust (CLR), caused by Hemileia vastatrix, poses an increasing threat to coffee production in Ethiopia, little is known regarding its genetic diversity and structure and how these are affected by coffee management. Here, we used genetic fingerprinting based on sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) markers to genotype H. vastatrix samples from different coffee shrubs, across 40 sites, covering four coffee production systems (forest coffee, semi plantation coffee, home garden coffee, and plantation coffee) and different altitudes in Ethiopia. In total, 96 H. vastatrix samples were successfully genotyped with three primer combinations, producing a total of 79 scorable bands. We found 35.44% of amplified bands to be polymorphic, and the polymorphic information content (PIC) was 0.45, suggesting high genetic diversity among our CLR isolates. We also found significant isolation-by-distance across the samples investigated and detected significant differences in fungal genetic composition among plantation coffee and home garden coffee and a marginally significant difference among plantation coffee and forest coffee. Furthermore, we found a significant effect of altitude on CLR genetic composition in the forest coffee and plantation systems. Our results suggest that both spore dispersal and different selection pressures in the different coffee management systems are likely responsible for the observed high genetic diversity and genetic structure of CLR isolates in Ethiopia. When selecting Ethiopian coffee genotypes for crop improvement, it is important that these genotypes carry some resistance against CLR. Because our study shows large variation in genetic composition across relatively short geographical distances, a broad selection of rust isolates must be used for coffee resistance screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerba Daba
- Division of Ecology, Evolution and Biodiversity Conservation, Biology Department, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium.
- College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Department of Horticulture and Plant Sciences, Jimma University, PO Box 307, Jimma, Ethiopia.
- KU Leuven Plant Institute (LPI), B-3001, Louvain, Belgium.
| | - Robin Daelemans
- Division of Ecology, Evolution and Biodiversity Conservation, Biology Department, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium
- KU Leuven Plant Institute (LPI), B-3001, Louvain, Belgium
| | - Gezahegn Berecha
- College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Department of Horticulture and Plant Sciences, Jimma University, PO Box 307, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Margot W J Geerinck
- KU Leuven Plant Institute (LPI), B-3001, Louvain, Belgium
- Laboratory for Process Microbial Ecology and Bioinspirational Management, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, KU Leuven, Willem De Croylaan 46, B-3001, Louvain, Belgium
| | - Christel Verreth
- Laboratory for Process Microbial Ecology and Bioinspirational Management, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, KU Leuven, Willem De Croylaan 46, B-3001, Louvain, Belgium
| | - Sam Crauwels
- KU Leuven Plant Institute (LPI), B-3001, Louvain, Belgium
- Laboratory for Process Microbial Ecology and Bioinspirational Management, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, KU Leuven, Willem De Croylaan 46, B-3001, Louvain, Belgium
| | - Bart Lievens
- KU Leuven Plant Institute (LPI), B-3001, Louvain, Belgium
- Laboratory for Process Microbial Ecology and Bioinspirational Management, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, KU Leuven, Willem De Croylaan 46, B-3001, Louvain, Belgium
| | - Olivier Honnay
- Division of Ecology, Evolution and Biodiversity Conservation, Biology Department, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium
- KU Leuven Plant Institute (LPI), B-3001, Louvain, Belgium
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5
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Gifford ML, Xu G, Dupuy LX, Vissenberg K, Rebetzke G. Root architecture and rhizosphere-microbe interactions. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:503-507. [PMID: 38197460 PMCID: PMC10773993 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Plant roots fulfil crucial tasks during a plant's life. As roots encounter very diverse conditions while exploring the soil for resources, their growth and development must be responsive to changes in the rhizosphere, resulting in root architectures that are tailor-made for all prevailing circumstances. Using multi-disciplinary approaches, we are gaining more intricate insights into the regulatory mechanisms directing root system architecture. This Special Issue provides insights into our advancement of knowledge on different aspects of root development and identifies opportunities for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam L Gifford
- School of Life Sciences, The University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Guohua Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Lionel X Dupuy
- Department of Conservation of Natural Resources, Neiker, Derio, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Kris Vissenberg
- Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Plant Biochemistry and Biotechnology Lab, Department of Agriculture, Hellenic Mediterranean University, Stavromenos PC 71410, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Greg Rebetzke
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, PO Box 1700, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia
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Otieno EO, Shen C, Zhang K, Wan J, He M, Tao Z, Huang W, Siemann E. Effects of nutrient pulses on exotic species shift from positive to neutral with decreasing water availability. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2024; 34:e2805. [PMID: 36583667 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Temporal fluctuation in nutrient availability generally promotes the growth of exotic plant species and has been recognized as an important driver of exotic plant invasions. However, little is known about how the impact of fluctuating nutrients on exotic species is dependent on the availability of other resources, although most ecosystems are experiencing dramatic variations in a wide variety of resources due to global change and human disturbance. Here, we explored how water availability mediates the effect of nutrient pulses on the growth of six exotic and six native plant species. We subjected individual plants of exotic and native species to well watered or water stressed conditions. For each level of water availability, we added equivalent amounts of nutrients at a constant rate, as a single large pulse, or in multiple small pulses. Under well watered conditions, nutrient pulses promoted exotic plant growth relative to nutrients supplied constantly, while they had no significant effect on natives. In contrast, under water stressed conditions, water deficiency inhibited the growth of all exotic and native species. More importantly, nutrient pulses did not increase plant growth relative to nutrients supplied constantly and these phenomena were observed for both exotic and native species. Taken together, our study shows that the impact of fluctuating nutrient availability on the growth of exotic plant species strongly depends on the variation of other resources, and that the positive effect of nutrient pulses under well watered conditions disappears under water stressed conditions. Our findings suggest that the variation in multiple resources may have complex feedback on exotic plant invasions and, therefore, it is critical to encompass multiple resources for the evaluation of fluctuating resource availability effects on exotic plant species. This will allow us to project the invasive trajectory of exotic plant species more accurately under future global change and human disturbance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evans O Otieno
- CAS Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Changchao Shen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kaoping Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinlong Wan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Minyan He
- CAS Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhibin Tao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Evan Siemann
- Department of Biosciences, Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA
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7
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Korpelainen H, Pietiläinen M. What Makes a Good Plant Invader? Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1596. [PMID: 37511971 PMCID: PMC10381298 DOI: 10.3390/life13071596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
We explored traits that promote plant invasions. External factors affecting invasion success consist of various abiotic and biotic constraints. How well plants perform under those depends on multiple characteristics, such as life history traits, genetic variation patterns, competitive and dispersal abilities, phenotypic plasticity, resistance, tolerance, and possibly allelopathic interactions. Since the introduction of invasive species is often connected with humans, their geographical distribution and differentiation may not reflect adaptation. However, a lack of adaptation may be compensated for by repeated introductions via mixing genotypes from multiple populations or through novel mutations. As a case study, we used data from the Global Invasive Species Database of IUCN and attempted to reveal factors contributing to invasiveness. The most prevalent features are that the dispersal is strongly human assisted, many species are used as ornamentals, disturbed habitats are favored, and most species are perennial. Distribution features show that the worst invasive species typically have a narrower native distribution, but both groups, i.e., most serious invasive and other listed invasive species, have commonly developed a multicontinental distribution. The change in the multicontinental distribution from 6% to 63% in most serious invasive species reflects their effectiveness in global dispersal and establishment. High proportions of invasive species in both groups have mixed reproduction systems, i.e., they have the ability to propagate both sexually and asexually (57% and 50%, respectively). This provides flexibility for spreading and establishment. A lower proportion of the worst invasive species was mainly/only sexual (23%, often hermaphrodites) when compared to other invasive plants (40%). In the case of sexual reproduction, hermaphroditism combined with self-compatibility may enhance invasiveness, since selfing allows fertilization and recombination even under low population densities. Overall, the ability for asexual propagation and, in the case of sexuality, hermaphroditism, is an asset in the invasion process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Korpelainen
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, P.O. Box 27, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maria Pietiläinen
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, P.O. Box 27, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
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Yan Z, Lv T, Liu Y, Xing B, Chao C, Li Y, Wu L, Wang L, Liu C, Yu D. Responses of soil phosphorus cycling and bioavailability to plant invasion in river-lake ecotones. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2023; 33:e2843. [PMID: 36922375 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The invasion of exotic plants in the river-lake ecotone has seriously affected the nutrient cycling processes in wetland soil. The South American species Alternanthera philoxeroides (Mart.) Griseb. is rapidly invading the river-lake ecotone in subtropical China, and has become the dominant species in the river-lake ecotone. However, there have been few studies on the effects of A. philoxeroides invasion on soil phosphorus (P) cycling and bioavailability in this ecotone. Here, we measured the bioavailable P fractions, physicochemical properties and nutrient content in the surface soils of the native plant (Zizania latifolia (Griseb.) Turcz and Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.) communities and the adjacent invasive A. philoxeroides communities in three river-lake ecotones with different nutrient substrates in the subtropical Dongting Lake basin over a 3-year period to reveal the effects of A. philoxeroides invasion on the morphology and concentrations of soil bioavailable P. The principal coordinate analysis results showed that the A. philoxeroides invasion significantly altered the bioavailable P concentrations in the soil of native plant communities in the different river-lake ecotones, and this effect was not disturbed by the heterogeneity of the soil matrix. However, the effects of invasion into different native plant communities on the fractions of soil bioavailable P were different. Compared with native Z. latifolia and N. nucifera communities, A. philoxeroides invasion increased the concentration of inorganic P by 39.5% and 3.7%, respectively, and the concentration of organic P decreased by 32.7% and 31.9%, respectively. In addition, the invasion promoted P cycling and accumulation in the river-lake ecotone, which resulted in average decreases in the soil N:P and C:P ratios of 7.9% and 12.5%, respectively. These results highlight the impact of exotic plant invasions on nutrient cycling in wetland ecosystems in the river-lake ecotone, and this process may be detrimental to the late recovery of native plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Yan
- The National Field Station of Freshwater Ecosystem of Liangzi Lake, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Tian Lv
- The National Field Station of Freshwater Ecosystem of Liangzi Lake, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- The National Field Station of Freshwater Ecosystem of Liangzi Lake, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Bin Xing
- The National Field Station of Freshwater Ecosystem of Liangzi Lake, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Chuanxin Chao
- The National Field Station of Freshwater Ecosystem of Liangzi Lake, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Yang Li
- The National Field Station of Freshwater Ecosystem of Liangzi Lake, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Ling Wu
- The National Field Station of Freshwater Ecosystem of Liangzi Lake, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Ligong Wang
- The National Field Station of Freshwater Ecosystem of Liangzi Lake, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Chunhua Liu
- The National Field Station of Freshwater Ecosystem of Liangzi Lake, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Dan Yu
- The National Field Station of Freshwater Ecosystem of Liangzi Lake, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
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9
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Tomat-Kelly G, Flory SL. Research gaps limit understanding of invasion-fire cycles. Biol Invasions 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-022-02951-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
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10
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Shimizu-Inatsugi R, Morishima A, Mourato B, Shimizu KK, Sato Y. Phenotypic variation of a new synthetic allotetraploid Arabidopsis kamchatica enhanced in natural environment. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 13:1058522. [PMID: 36684772 PMCID: PMC9846130 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1058522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The phenotypic variation of vegetative organs and reproductive organs of newly synthesized and natural Arabidopsis kamchatica genotypes was investigated in both a controlled environment and a natural environment in an experimental garden. When we compared the variation of their leaf shape as a vegetative organ, the synthetic A. kamchatica individuals grown in the garden showed larger variation compared with the individuals incubated in a growth chamber, suggesting enhanced phenotypic variation in a natural fluctuating environment. In contrast, the natural A. kamchatica genotypes did not show significant change in variation by growth condition. The phenotypic variation of floral organs by growth condition was much smaller in both synthetic and natural A. kamchatica genotypes, and the difference in variation width between the growth chamber and the garden was not significant in each genotype as well as among genotypes. The higher phenotypic variation in synthetic leaf may imply flexible transcriptomic regulation of a newly synthesized polyploid compared with a natural polyploid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rie Shimizu-Inatsugi
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Aki Morishima
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Beatriz Mourato
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kentaro K. Shimizu
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Sato
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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11
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De Diego FC, Robbiati FO, Gaitán JJ, Fortunato RH. Morphological and distributional patterns of native and invasive Trifolium (Papilionoideae, Leguminosae) species in southern South America. SYST BIODIVERS 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/14772000.2022.2126022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Carlos De Diego
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Rivadavia 1917, (C1033AAJ) CABA, Argentina
- Instituto de Recursos Biológicos, CIRN, INTA, Nicolás Repetto y de Los Reseros s/n°, Hurlingham, 1686, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Escuela Superior de Ingeniería, Informática y Ciencias Agroalimentarias, Universidad de Morón, Cabildo 134, Morón 1708, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Federico Omar Robbiati
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Av. Vélez Sarsfield 299, Córdoba, X5000JJC, Prov. Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Juan José Gaitán
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Rivadavia 1917, (C1033AAJ) CABA, Argentina
- Instituto de Suelos, CIRN, INTA, Nicolás Repetto y de Los Reseros s/n°, Hurlingham, 1686, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Luján, Luján, 6700, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Renée Hersilia Fortunato
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Rivadavia 1917, (C1033AAJ) CABA, Argentina
- Escuela Superior de Ingeniería, Informática y Ciencias Agroalimentarias, Universidad de Morón, Cabildo 134, Morón 1708, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Botánica Darwinion (CONICET/ANCEFN), Labardén 200, Acassuso, 1641, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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12
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Zhang L, Chen A, Li Y, Li D, Cheng S, Cheng L, Liu Y. Differences in Phenotypic Plasticity between Invasive and Native Plants Responding to Three Environmental Factors. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12121970. [PMID: 36556335 PMCID: PMC9781723 DOI: 10.3390/life12121970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The phenotypic plasticity hypothesis suggests that exotic plants may have greater phenotypic plasticity than native plants. However, whether phenotypic changes vary according to different environmental factors has not been well studied. We conducted a multi-species greenhouse experiment to study the responses of six different phenotypic traits, namely height, leaf number, specific leaf area, total biomass, root mass fraction, and leaf mass fraction, of native and invasive species to nutrients, water, and light. Each treatment was divided into two levels: high and low. In the nutrient addition experiment, only the leaf mass fraction and root mass fraction of the plants supported the phenotypic plasticity hypothesis. Then, none of the six traits supported the phenotypic plasticity hypothesis in the water or light treatment experiments. The results show that, for different environmental factors and phenotypes, the phenotypic plasticity hypothesis of plant invasion is inconsistent. When using the phenotypic plasticity hypothesis to explain plant invasion, variations in environmental factors and phenotypes should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luna Zhang
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Global Change Ecology, Laboratory of Biodiversity Conservation and Ecological Restoration, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Anqun Chen
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Global Change Ecology, Laboratory of Biodiversity Conservation and Ecological Restoration, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Yanjiao Li
- Henan Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Eco-Economic Woody Plant, Key Laboratory for Value Realization of Ecological Products of Mountains-Rivers-Forests-Farmlands-Lakes-Grasslands in Pingdingshan City, Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan 467000, China
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Duohui Li
- Henan Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Eco-Economic Woody Plant, Key Laboratory for Value Realization of Ecological Products of Mountains-Rivers-Forests-Farmlands-Lakes-Grasslands in Pingdingshan City, Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan 467000, China
| | - Shiping Cheng
- Henan Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Eco-Economic Woody Plant, Key Laboratory for Value Realization of Ecological Products of Mountains-Rivers-Forests-Farmlands-Lakes-Grasslands in Pingdingshan City, Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan 467000, China
| | - Liping Cheng
- Henan Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Eco-Economic Woody Plant, Key Laboratory for Value Realization of Ecological Products of Mountains-Rivers-Forests-Farmlands-Lakes-Grasslands in Pingdingshan City, Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan 467000, China
| | - Yinzhan Liu
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Global Change Ecology, Laboratory of Biodiversity Conservation and Ecological Restoration, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (Y.L.)
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13
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Wang Q, Li MY, Eller F, Luo YJ, Nong YL, Xing LJ, Xu ZW, Li HM, Lu HC, Guo X. Trait value and phenotypic integration contribute to the response of exotic Rhus typhina to heterogeneous nitrogen deposition: A comparison with native Rhus chinensis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 844:157199. [PMID: 35810896 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The temporal heterogeneity of nitrogen availability in soils is increasing due to agricultural deposition. We here compared the effects of gradually increasing nitrogen deposition rate and its increasing temporal heterogeneity patterns on the functional traits of seedlings of exotic species Rhus typhina and the native species Rhus chinensis. Nitrogen deposition rates of 0, 8, 20 g N m-2 year-1 and constant, single-peak, and double-peak nitrogen were added to simulate deposition rate and temporal heterogeneity. After 60 days of treatment, R. typhina seedlings had several advantageous growth trait values, such as higher total biomass production, but lower phenotypic plasticity than R. chinensis seedlings. R. typhina seedlings also had higher phenotypic integration, measured as the correlation among functional traits. The increased nitrogen deposition rate affected several traits of the two species differently. Thus, while R. chinensis seedlings allocated more biomass to leaves and less to roots with increasing N deposition, R. typhina seedlings had stable biomass allocation among all N treatments. Chlorophyll content, leaf phosphorus concentration, and water use efficiency increased, but the maximum net photosynthetic rate decreased, with N availability in R. chinensis, but not in R. typhina. Temporal heterogeneity had no significant effect on the total biomass of R. typhina and R. chinensis seedlings. Overall, the performance of R. typhina is better than that of R. chinensis seedlings under different nitrogen deposition treatments, which is due to the significantly advantageous trait values and greater phenotypic integration of R. typhina seedlings, whereas R. chinensis seedlings have higher phenotypic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Wang
- College of Landscape Architecture and Forestry, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; College of Landscape and Architecture, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Ming-Yan Li
- College of Landscape Architecture and Forestry, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Franziska Eller
- Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Ole Worms Alle 1, Aarhus C DK-8000, Denmark
| | - Yu-Jie Luo
- School of Tourism, Shandong Women's University, 2399 Daxue Road, Changqing, Jinan, 250300, China
| | - Ying-Lan Nong
- College of Landscape Architecture and Forestry, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Li-Jun Xing
- College of Landscape Architecture and Forestry, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Zhen-Wei Xu
- Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Hai-Mei Li
- College of Landscape Architecture and Forestry, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Hui-Cui Lu
- College of Landscape Architecture and Forestry, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Xiao Guo
- College of Landscape Architecture and Forestry, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China.
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14
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Kato-Noguchi H. Allelopathy and Allelochemicals of Imperata cylindrica as an Invasive Plant Species. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11192551. [PMID: 36235415 PMCID: PMC9573136 DOI: 10.3390/plants11192551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Imperata cylindrica is native to Southeast Asia and East Africa and has become naturalized in humid tropics, subtropics and warmer temperate zones of the world. The species is one of the top ten worst weeds in the worlds and is listed among the world's top 100 worst invasive alien species. It is an aggressive colonizer and forms large monospecific stands in several countries. Possible evidence of the allelopathy of I. cylindrica has been accumulated in the literature over three decades. The extracts, leachates, root exudates, decomposing residues and rhizosphere soil of I. cylindrica were found to suppress the germination and growth of several plant species, including woody plant species, and to reduce their rhizobium nodulation and mycorrhizal colonization. Several allelochemicals, such as fatty acids, terpenoids, simple phenolics, benzoic acids, phenolic acids, phenolic aldehydes, phenylpropanoids, flavonoids, quinones and alkaloids, were also found in the extracts, leachates, root exudates and/or growth medium of I. cylindrica. These observations suggest that allelochemicals may be synthesized in I. cylindrica and released into the rhizosphere soil and surrounding environments either by the leachates, root exudation or decomposition process of plant parts, and certain allelochemicals may contribute to the alteration of the microbial community, including rhizobia and mycorrhizal fungi, suppressing the regeneration process of native plant species through the inhibition of their germination and growth. Therefore, the allelopathy of I. cylindrica may support its invasiveness, naturalization and formation of large monospecific stands. This is the first review article focusing on the allelopathy of I. cylindrica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisashi Kato-Noguchi
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki 761-0795, Kagawa, Japan
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15
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Brooker R, Brown LK, George TS, Pakeman RJ, Palmer S, Ramsay L, Schöb C, Schurch N, Wilkinson MJ. Active and adaptive plasticity in a changing climate. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 27:717-728. [PMID: 35282996 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2022.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Better understanding of the mechanistic basis of plant plasticity will enhance efforts to breed crops resilient to predicted climate change. However, complexity in plasticity's conceptualisation and measurement may hinder fruitful crossover of concepts between disciplines that would enable such advances. We argue active adaptive plasticity is particularly important in shaping the fitness of wild plants, representing the first line of a plant's defence to environmental change. Here, we define how this concept may be applied to crop breeding, suggest appropriate approaches to measure it in crops, and propose a refocussing on active adaptive plasticity to enhance crop resilience. We also discuss how the same concept may have wider utility, such as in ex situ plant conservation and reintroductions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rob Brooker
- Department of Ecological Sciences, James Hutton Institute, Aberdeen, UK; Department of Ecological Sciences, James Hutton Institute, Dundee, UK.
| | - Lawrie K Brown
- Department of Ecological Sciences, James Hutton Institute, Dundee, UK
| | - Timothy S George
- Department of Ecological Sciences, James Hutton Institute, Dundee, UK
| | - Robin J Pakeman
- Department of Ecological Sciences, James Hutton Institute, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Sarah Palmer
- Institute of Biological, Environmental, and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Plas Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, UK
| | - Luke Ramsay
- Department of Ecological Sciences, James Hutton Institute, Dundee, UK
| | - Christian Schöb
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Mike J Wilkinson
- Institute of Biological, Environmental, and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Plas Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, UK
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16
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Flory SL, Dillon W, Hiatt D. Interacting global change drivers suppress a foundation tree species. Ecol Lett 2022; 25:971-980. [PMID: 35132744 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Ecological stress caused by climate change, invasive species and anthropogenic disturbance is driving global environmental change, but how these stressors interact to impact native species are poorly understood. We used a field experiment to test how two stressors (drought and plant invasion by Imperata cylindrica) interacted to determine the effects of a third stressor (fire) on a foundation tree species (Pinus palustris). The invasion combined with prolonged drought resulted in shorter trees than invasion alone. The invasion also resulted in 65% greater fuel loads, four times taller flames, greater maximum temperatures and longer heating duration. Consequently, nearly all tree mortality occurred due to a synergistic interaction between the drought + invasion treatment and fire, where invasion caused taller flames that impacted trees that were shorter due to drought. These findings demonstrate that synergy amongst ecological stressors can dramatically impact native species, with significant implications for forecasting the effects of multiple stressors under global change.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Luke Flory
- Agronomy Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Whalen Dillon
- Agronomy Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Drew Hiatt
- Agronomy Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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17
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Wang S, Feng WW, Liu MC, Huang K, Arnold PA, Nicotra AB, Feng YL. Inherent conflicts between reaction norm slope and plasticity indices when comparing plasticity: a conceptual framework and empirical test. Oecologia 2022; 198:593-603. [PMID: 35129681 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-022-05122-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Phenotypic plasticity index (PI), the slope of reaction norm (K) and relative distances plasticity index (RDPI), the most commonly used estimators, have occasionally been found to generate different plasticity rankings between groups (species, populations, cultivars or genotypes). However, no effort has been made to determine how frequent this incongruence is, and the factors that influence the occurrence of the incongruence. To address these problems, we first proposed a conceptual framework and then tested the framework (its predictions) by reanalyzing 1248 sets of published data. Our framework reveals inherent conflicts between K and PI or RDPI when comparing plasticity between two groups, and the frequency of these conflicts increases with increasing inter-group initial trait difference and/or K values of the groups compared. More importantly, the estimators also affect the magnitude of the inter-group plasticity differences even when they do not change groups' plasticity rankings. The above-mentioned effects of plasticity estimators were confirmed by our empirical test using data from the literature, and the conflicts occur in 203 (16%) of the 1248 comparisons between K and indices, indicating that a considerable proportion of the comparative conclusions on plasticity in literature are estimator-dependent. The frequency of the conflicts is influenced by phylogenetic relatedness of the groups compared, being lower when comparing within relative to between species, but not by specific types of environments, traits and species. Our study indicates that care is needed to select estimator when comparing groups' plasticity, and that the conclusions in relevant literature should be treated with great caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Wang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory for Biological Invasions and Global Changes, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Wei-Wei Feng
- Liaoning Key Laboratory for Biological Invasions and Global Changes, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Ming-Chao Liu
- Liaoning Key Laboratory for Biological Invasions and Global Changes, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Kai Huang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory for Biological Invasions and Global Changes, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Pieter A Arnold
- Division of Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2600, Australia
| | - Adrienne B Nicotra
- Division of Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2600, Australia
| | - Yu-Long Feng
- Liaoning Key Laboratory for Biological Invasions and Global Changes, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning Province, China.
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18
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Sharma G, Barney JN, Westwood JH, Haak DC. Into the weeds: new insights in plant stress. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 26:1050-1060. [PMID: 34238685 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2021.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Weeds, plants that thrive in the face of disturbance, have eluded human's attempts at control for >12 000 years, positioning them as a unique group of extreme stress tolerators. The most successful weeds have a suite of traits that enable them to rapidly adapt to environments typified by stress, growing in hostile conditions or subject to massive destruction from agricultural practices. Through their ability to persist and adapt, weeds illuminate principles of evolution and provide insights into weed management and crop improvement. Here we highlight why the time is right to move beyond traditional model systems and leverage weeds to gain a deeper understanding of the mechanisms, adaptations, and genetic and physiological bases for stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gourav Sharma
- School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Jacob N Barney
- School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - James H Westwood
- School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
| | - David C Haak
- School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
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19
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Weston LM, Mattingly KZ, Day CTC, Hovick SM. Potential local adaptation in populations of invasive reed canary grass ( Phalaris arundinacea) across an urbanization gradient. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:11457-11476. [PMID: 34429933 PMCID: PMC8366893 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Urban stressors represent strong selective gradients that can elicit evolutionary change, especially in non-native species that may harbor substantial within-population variability. To test whether urban stressors drive phenotypic differentiation and influence local adaptation, we compared stress responses of populations of a ubiquitous invader, reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea). Specifically, we quantified responses to salt, copper, and zinc additions by reed canary grass collected from four populations spanning an urbanization gradient (natural, rural, moderate urban, and intense urban). We measured ten phenotypic traits and trait plasticities, because reed canary grass is known to be highly plastic and because plasticity may enhance invasion success. We tested the following hypotheses: (a) Source populations vary systematically in their stress response, with the intense urban population least sensitive and the natural population most sensitive, and (b) plastic responses are adaptive under stressful conditions. We found clear trait variation among populations, with the greatest divergence in traits and trait plasticities between the natural and intense urban populations. The intense urban population showed stress tolerator characteristics for resource acquisition traits including leaf dry matter content and specific root length. Trait plasticity varied among populations for over half the traits measured, highlighting that plasticity differences were as common as trait differences. Plasticity in root mass ratio and specific root length were adaptive in some contexts, suggesting that natural selection by anthropogenic stressors may have contributed to root trait differences. Reed canary grass populations in highly urbanized wetlands may therefore be evolving enhanced tolerance to urban stressors, suggesting a mechanism by which invasive species may proliferate across urban wetland systems generally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah M. Weston
- Department of Evolution, Ecology and Organismal BiologyThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUSA
| | - Kali Z. Mattingly
- Department of Evolution, Ecology and Organismal BiologyThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUSA
| | - Charles T. C. Day
- Plant Pathology and Plant‐Microbe SectionSchool of Integrative Plant ScienceCornell UniversityGenevaNYUSA
| | - Stephen M. Hovick
- Department of Evolution, Ecology and Organismal BiologyThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUSA
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20
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Cao LJ, Li BY, Chen JC, Zhu JY, Hoffmann AA, Wei SJ. Local climate adaptation and gene flow in the native range of two co-occurring fruit moths with contrasting invasiveness. Mol Ecol 2021; 30:4204-4219. [PMID: 34278603 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Invasive species pose increasing threats to global biodiversity and ecosystems. While previous studies have characterized successful invaders based on ecological traits, characteristics related to evolutionary processes have rarely been investigated. Here we compared gene flow and local adaptation using demographic analyses and outlier tests in two co-occurring moth pests across their common native range of China, one of which (the peach fruit moth, Carposina sasakii) has maintained its native distribution, while the other (the oriental fruit moth, Grapholita molesta) has expanded its range globally during the past century. We found that both species showed a pattern of genetic differentiation and an evolutionary history consistent with a common southwestern origin and northward expansion in their native range. However, for the noninvasive species, genetic differentiation was closely aligned with the environment, and there was a relatively low level of gene flow, whereas in the invasive species, genetic differentiation was associated with geography. Genome scans indicated stronger patterns of climate-associated loci in the noninvasive species. While strong local adaptation and reduced gene flow across its native range may have decreased the invasiveness of C. sasakii, this requires further validation with additional comparisons of invasive and noninvasive species across their native range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Jun Cao
- Institute of Plant and Environmental Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bing-Yan Li
- Institute of Plant and Environmental Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Forest Disaster Warning and Control of Yunnan Province, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Jin-Cui Chen
- Institute of Plant and Environmental Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jia-Ying Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Disaster Warning and Control of Yunnan Province, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Ary A Hoffmann
- School of BioSciences, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Shu-Jun Wei
- Institute of Plant and Environmental Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
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21
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Liu RL, Yang YB, Lee BR, Liu G, Zhang WG, Chen XY, Song XJ, Kang JQ, Zhu ZH. The dispersal-related traits of an invasive plant Galinsoga quadriradiata correlate with elevation during range expansion into mountain ranges. AOB PLANTS 2021; 13:plab008. [PMID: 34194688 PMCID: PMC8237851 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plab008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Detecting shifts in trait values among populations of an invasive plant is important for assessing invasion risks and predicting future spread. Although a growing number of studies suggest that the dispersal propensity of invasive plants increases during range expansion, there has been relatively little attention paid to dispersal patterns along elevational gradients. In this study, we tested the differentiation of dispersal-related traits in an invasive plant, Galinsoga quadriradiata, across populations at different elevations in the Qinling and Bashan Mountains in central China. Seed mass-area ratio (MAR), an important seed dispersal-related trait, of 45 populations from along an elevational gradient was measured, and genetic variation of 23 populations was quantified using inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers. Individuals from four populations were then planted in a greenhouse to compare their performance under shared conditions. Changing patterns of seed dispersal-related traits and populations genetic diversity along elevation were tested using linear regression. Mass-area ratio of G. quadriradiata increased, while genetic diversity decreased with elevation in the field survey. In the greenhouse, populations of G. quadriradiata sourced from different elevations showed a difference response of MAR. These results suggest that although rapid evolution may contribute to the range expansion of G. quadriradiata in mountain ranges, dispersal-related traits will also likely be affected by phenotypic plasticity. This challenges the common argument that dispersal ability of invasive plants increases along dispersal routes. Furthermore, our results suggest that high-altitude populations would be more effective at seed dispersal once they continue to expand their range downslope on the other side. Our experiment provides novel evidence that the spread of these high-altitude populations may be more likely than previously theorized and that they should thus be cautiously monitored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Ling Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, 710119 Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying-Bo Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, 710119 Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Benjamin R Lee
- School for Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Gang Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, 710119 Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, Shaanxi Normal University, 710119 Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wen-Gang Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, 710119 Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Yan Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, 710119 Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xing-Jiang Song
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, 710119 Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ju-Qing Kang
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, 710119 Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Hong Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, 710119 Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
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22
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Yang X, Cheng J, Yao B, Lu H, Zhang Y, Xu J, Song X, Sowndhararajan K, Qiang S. Polyploidy‐promoted phenolic metabolism confers the increased competitive ability of
Solidago canadensis. OIKOS 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.08280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xianghong Yang
- Weed Research Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural Univ. Nanjing China
| | - Jiliang Cheng
- Weed Research Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural Univ. Nanjing China
| | - Beibei Yao
- Weed Research Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural Univ. Nanjing China
| | - Huan Lu
- Weed Research Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural Univ. Nanjing China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Weed Research Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural Univ. Nanjing China
| | - Jingxuan Xu
- Weed Research Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural Univ. Nanjing China
| | - Xiaoling Song
- Weed Research Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural Univ. Nanjing China
| | | | - Sheng Qiang
- Weed Research Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural Univ. Nanjing China
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23
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Acheritobehere LM, Orellana IA, Raffaele E. The vulnerability of native and invasive conifer seedlings to simulated warming in north‐western Patagonia. AUSTRAL ECOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/aec.13051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura M. Acheritobehere
- Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco (UNPSJB) Ruta Nacional N° 259 km 16,41 Esquel Chubut 9200 Argentina
| | - Ivonne A. Orellana
- Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco (UNPSJB) Ruta Nacional N° 259 km 16,41 Esquel Chubut 9200 Argentina
| | - Estela Raffaele
- Laboratorio Ecotono INIBIOMA (UNCO‐CONICET) Bariloche, Rio Negro Argentina
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24
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Westerband AC, Funk JL, Barton KE. Intraspecific trait variation in plants: a renewed focus on its role in ecological processes. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2021; 127:397-410. [PMID: 33507251 PMCID: PMC7988520 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcab011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Investigating the causes and consequences of intraspecific trait variation (ITV) in plants is not novel, as it has long been recognized that such variation shapes biotic and abiotic interactions. While evolutionary and population biology have extensively investigated ITV, only in the last 10 years has interest in ITV surged within community and comparative ecology. SCOPE Despite this recent interest, still lacking are thorough descriptions of ITV's extent, the spatial and temporal structure of ITV, and stronger connections between ITV and community and ecosystem properties. Our primary aim in this review is to synthesize the recent literature and ask: (1) How extensive is intraspecific variation in traits across scales, and what underlying mechanisms drive this variation? (2) How does this variation impact higher-order ecological processes (e.g. population dynamics, community assembly, invasion, ecosystem productivity)? (3) What are the consequences of ignoring ITV and how can these be mitigated? and (4) What are the most pressing research questions, and how can current practices be modified to suit our research needs? Our secondary aim is to target diverse and underrepresented traits and plant organs, including anatomy, wood, roots, hydraulics, reproduction and secondary chemistry. In addressing these aims, we showcase papers from the Special Issue. CONCLUSIONS Plant ITV plays a key role in determining individual and population performance, species interactions, community structure and assembly, and ecosystem properties. Its extent varies widely across species, traits and environments, and it remains difficult to develop a predictive model for ITV that is broadly applicable. Systematically characterizing the sources (e.g. ontogeny, population differences) of ITV will be a vital step forward towards identifying generalities and the underlying mechanisms that shape ITV. While the use of species means to link traits to higher-order processes may be appropriate in many cases, such approaches can obscure potentially meaningful variation. We urge the reporting of individual replicates and population means in online data repositories, a greater consideration of the mechanisms that enhance and constrain ITV's extent, and studies that span sub-disciplines.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Westerband
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, Australia
| | - J L Funk
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - K E Barton
- School of Life Sciences, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
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25
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Pennacchi JP, Lira JMS, Rodrigues M, Garcia FHS, Mendonça AMDC, Barbosa JPRAD. A systemic approach to the quantification of the phenotypic plasticity of plant physiological traits: the multivariate plasticity index. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:1864-1878. [PMID: 33211856 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The phenotype of an individual emerges from the interaction of its genotype with the environment in which it is located. Phenotypic plasticity (PP) is the ability of a specific genotype to present multiple phenotypes in response to the environment. Past and current methods for quantification of PP present limitations, mainly in what constitutes a systemic analysis of multiple traits. This research proposes an integrative index for quantifying and evaluating PP. The multivariate plasticity index (MVPi) was calculated based on the Euclidian distance between scores of a canonical variate analysis. It was evaluated for leaf physiological traits in two cases using Brazilian Cerrado species and sugarcane varieties, grown under diverse environmental conditions. The MVPi was sensitive to plant behaviour from simple to complex genotype-environment interactions and was able to inform coarse and fine changes in PP. It was correlated to biomass allocation, showing agreement between plant organizational levels. The new method proved to be elucidative of plant metabolic changes, mainly by explaining PP as an integrated process and emergent property. We recommend the MVPi method as a tool for analysis of phenotypic plasticity in the context of a systemic evaluation of plant phenotypic traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Paulo Pennacchi
- Universidade Federal de Lavras, Câmpus Universitário, Caixa Postal 3037, CEP, Lavras, MG, Brazil
| | - Jean Marcel Sousa Lira
- Universidade Federal de Lavras, Câmpus Universitário, Caixa Postal 3037, CEP, Lavras, MG, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Rodrigues
- Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro, Av. Rio Paranaíba, 1229, CEP, Iturama, MG, Brazil
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26
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Ibañez VN, Masuelli RW, Marfil CF. Environmentally induced phenotypic plasticity and DNA methylation changes in a wild potato growing in two contrasting Andean experimental gardens. Heredity (Edinb) 2021; 126:50-62. [PMID: 32801346 PMCID: PMC7853039 DOI: 10.1038/s41437-020-00355-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation can be environmentally modulated and plays a role in phenotypic plasticity. To understand the role of environmentally induced epigenetic variation and its dynamics in natural populations and ecosystems, it is relevant to place studies in a real-world context. Our experimental model is the wild potato Solanum kurtzianum, a close relative of the cultivated potato S. tuberosum. It was evaluated in its natural habitat, an arid Andean region in Argentina characterised by spatial and temporal environmental fluctuations. The dynamics of phenotypic and epigenetic variability (with Methyl Sensitive Amplified Polymorphism markers, MSAP) were assayed in three genotypes across three growing seasons. These genotypes were cultivated permanently and also reciprocally transplanted between experimental gardens (EG) differing in ca. 1000 m of altitude. In two seasons, the genotypes presented differential methylation patterns associated to the EG. In the reciprocal transplants, a rapid epigenomic remodelling occurred according to the growing season. Phenotypic plasticity, both spatial (between EGs within season) and temporal (between seasons), was detected. The epigenetic and phenotypic variability was positively correlated. The lack of an evident mitotic epigenetic memory would be a common response to short-term environmental fluctuations. Thus, the environmentally induced phenotypic and epigenetic variation could contribute to populations persistence through time. These results have implications for understanding the great ecological diversity of wild potatoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Noé Ibañez
- IBAM (Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza), Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, CONICET, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Ricardo Williams Masuelli
- IBAM (Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza), Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, CONICET, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Carlos Federico Marfil
- IBAM (Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza), Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, CONICET, Mendoza, Argentina.
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27
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Goss EM, Kendig AE, Adhikari A, Lane B, Kortessis N, Holt RD, Clay K, Harmon PF, Flory SL. Disease in Invasive Plant Populations. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2020; 58:97-117. [PMID: 32516034 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-phyto-010820-012757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Non-native invasive plants can establish in natural areas, where they can be ecologically damaging and costly to manage. Like cultivated plants, invasive plants can experience a relatively disease-free period upon introduction and accumulate pathogens over time. Diseases of invasive plant populations are infrequently studied compared to diseases of agriculture, forestry, and even native plant populations. We evaluated similarities and differences in the processes that are likely to affect pathogen accumulation and disease in invasive plants compared to cultivated plants, which are the dominant focus of the field of plant pathology. Invasive plants experience more genetic, biotic, and abiotic variation across space and over time than cultivated plants, which is expected to stabilize the ecological and evolutionary dynamics of interactions with pathogens and possibly weaken the efficacy of infectious disease in their control. Although disease is expected to be context dependent, the widespread distribution of invasive plants makes them important pathogen reservoirs. Research on invasive plant diseases can both protect crops and help manage invasive plant populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica M Goss
- Department of Plant Pathology and Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA;
| | - Amy E Kendig
- Agronomy Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - Ashish Adhikari
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - Brett Lane
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - Nicholas Kortessis
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - Robert D Holt
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - Keith Clay
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, USA
| | - Philip F Harmon
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - S Luke Flory
- Agronomy Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
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