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Bogdziewicz M, Kelly D, Ascoli D, Caignard T, Chianucci F, Crone EE, Fleurot E, Foest JJ, Gratzer G, Hagiwara T, Han Q, Journé V, Keurinck L, Kondrat K, McClory R, La Montagne JM, Mundo IA, Nussbaumer A, Oberklammer I, Ohno M, Pearse IS, Pesendorfer MB, Resente G, Satake A, Shibata M, Snell RS, Szymkowiak J, Touzot L, Zwolak R, Zywiec M, Hacket-Pain AJ. Evolutionary ecology of masting: mechanisms, models, and climate change. Trends Ecol Evol 2024:S0169-5347(24)00117-4. [PMID: 38862358 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2024.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Many perennial plants show mast seeding, characterized by synchronous and highly variable reproduction across years. We propose a general model of masting, integrating proximate factors (environmental variation, weather cues, and resource budgets) with ultimate drivers (predator satiation and pollination efficiency). This general model shows how the relationships between masting and weather shape the diverse responses of species to climate warming, ranging from no change to lower interannual variation or reproductive failure. The role of environmental prediction as a masting driver is being reassessed; future studies need to estimate prediction accuracy and the benefits acquired. Since reproduction is central to plant adaptation to climate change, understanding how masting adapts to shifting environmental conditions is now a central question.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Bogdziewicz
- Forest Biology Center, Institute of Environmental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 6, 61-614 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Dave Kelly
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand.
| | - Davide Ascoli
- Department of Agriculture, Forest, and Food Sciences, University of Torino, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, Grugliasco, (TO), Italy
| | - Thomas Caignard
- University of Bordeaux, INRAE, BIOGECO, F-33610 Cestas, France
| | - Francesco Chianucci
- CREA - Research Centre for Forestry and Wood, viale S. Margherita 80, Arezzo, Italy
| | - Elizabeth E Crone
- Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Emilie Fleurot
- Department of Agriculture, Forest, and Food Sciences, University of Torino, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, Grugliasco, (TO), Italy; Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, UMR 5558, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Jessie J Foest
- Department of Geography and Planning, School of Environmental Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Georg Gratzer
- Institute of Forest Ecology, Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, BOKU University, Vienna, Peter-Jordan-Strasse 82, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Tomika Hagiwara
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Qingmin Han
- Department of Plant Ecology, Forestry, and Forest Products Research Institute, Matsunosato 1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8687, Japan
| | - Valentin Journé
- Forest Biology Center, Institute of Environmental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 6, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Léa Keurinck
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, UMR 5558, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Katarzyna Kondrat
- Forest Biology Center, Institute of Environmental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 6, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Ryan McClory
- School of Agriculture, Policy, and Development, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | | | - Ignacio A Mundo
- Laboratorio de Dendrocronología e Historia Ambiental, IANIGLA-CONICET, Mendoza, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Anita Nussbaumer
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow, and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Iris Oberklammer
- Institute of Forest Ecology, Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, BOKU University, Vienna, Peter-Jordan-Strasse 82, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Misuzu Ohno
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ian S Pearse
- US Geological Survey, Fort Collins Science Center, Fort Collins, CO 80526, USA
| | - Mario B Pesendorfer
- Institute of Forest Ecology, Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, BOKU University, Vienna, Peter-Jordan-Strasse 82, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Giulia Resente
- Department of Agriculture, Forest, and Food Sciences, University of Torino, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, Grugliasco, (TO), Italy
| | - Akiko Satake
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Mitsue Shibata
- Department of Forest Vegetation, Forestry, and Forest Products Research Institute, Matsunosato 1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8687, Japan
| | - Rebecca S Snell
- Department of Environmental and Plant Biology, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Jakub Szymkowiak
- Forest Biology Center, Institute of Environmental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 6, 61-614 Poznan, Poland; Population Ecology Research Unit, Institute of Environmental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 6, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Laura Touzot
- Institut National de Recherche Pour Agriculture (INRAE), Alimentation et Environnement (IN23-RAE), Laboratoire EcoSystemes et Societes En Montagne (LESSEM), Université Grenoble Alpes, St Martin-d'Hères, 38402, France
| | - Rafal Zwolak
- Department of Systematic Zoology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 6, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Magdalena Zywiec
- W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lubicz 46, 31-512 Kraków, Poland
| | - Andrew J Hacket-Pain
- Department of Geography and Planning, School of Environmental Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
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Shestakova TA, Sin E, Gordo J, Voltas J. Tree-ring isotopic imprints on time series of reproductive effort indicate warming-induced co-limitation by sink and source processes in stone pine. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 44:tpad147. [PMID: 38079520 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpad147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates that tree growth processes, including reproduction, can be either sink- or source-limited, or simultaneously co-limited by sink and source, depending on the interplay between internal and environmental factors. We tested the hypothesis that the relative strengths of photosynthate supply and demand by stem growth and reproduction create variable competition for substrate that is imprinted in the tree-ring isotopes (C and O) of stone pine (Pinus pinea L.), a masting gymnosperm with large costs of reproduction, under warming-induced drought. Across five representative stands of the Spanish Northern Plateau, we also identified reproductive phases where weather drivers of cone yield (CY) have varied over a 60-year period (1960-2016). We found that these drivers gradually shifted from winter-spring conditions 3 years before seed rain (cone setting) to a combination of 3- and 1-year lagged effects (kernel filling). Additionally, we observed positive regional associations between carbon isotope discrimination (Δ13C) of the year of kernel filling and CY arising at the turn of this century, which progressively offset similarly positive relationships between Δ13C of the year of cone setting and CY found during the first half of the study period. Altogether, these results pinpoint the increasing dependence of reproduction on fresh assimilates and suggest sink and source co-limitation superseding the sink-limited functioning of reproduction dominant before 2000. Under climate warming, it could be expected that drier conditions reinforce the role of source limitation on reproduction and, hence, on regeneration, forest structure and economic profit of the nutlike seeds of the species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana A Shestakova
- Department of Agricultural and Forest Sciences and Engineering, University of Lleida, Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure 191, Lleida, Catalonia E-25198, Spain
- Joint Research Unit CTFC-AGROTECNIO-CERCA, Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure 191, Lleida, Catalonia E-25198, Spain
| | - Ester Sin
- Department of Agricultural and Forest Sciences and Engineering, University of Lleida, Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure 191, Lleida, Catalonia E-25198, Spain
| | - Javier Gordo
- Servicio Territorial de Medio Ambiente, Junta de Castilla y León, Duque de la Victoria 5, Valladolid, Castile and León E-47071, Spain
| | - Jordi Voltas
- Department of Agricultural and Forest Sciences and Engineering, University of Lleida, Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure 191, Lleida, Catalonia E-25198, Spain
- Joint Research Unit CTFC-AGROTECNIO-CERCA, Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure 191, Lleida, Catalonia E-25198, Spain
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3
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Gonzalez AD, Pearse IS, Redmond MD. Increased aridity is associated with stronger tradeoffs in ponderosa pine vital functions. Ecology 2023; 104:e4120. [PMID: 37303252 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.4120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Trees must allocate resources to core functions like growth, defense, and reproduction. These allocation patterns have profound effects on forest health, yet little is known about how core functions trade off over time, and even less is known about how a changing climate will impact tradeoffs. We conducted a 21-year survey of growth, defense, and reproduction in 80 ponderosa pine individuals spanning eight populations across environmental gradients along the Colorado Front Range, USA. We used linear mixed models to describe tradeoffs among these functions and to characterize variability among and within individuals over time. Growth and defense were lower in years of high cone production, and local drought conditions amplified year-to-year tradeoffs between reproduction and growth, where trees located at sites with hotter and drier climates showed stronger tradeoffs between reproduction and growth. Our results support the environmental stress hypothesis of masting, which predicts that greater interannual variation in tree functions will be associated with more marginal environments, such as those that are prone to drought. With warming temperatures and increased exposure to drought stress, trees will be faced with stronger interannual tradeoffs, which could lead to further decreases in growth and defensive efforts, ultimately increasing risks of mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela D Gonzalez
- Department of Forest and Rangeland Stewardship, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Ian S Pearse
- U.S. Geological Survey, Fort Collins Science Center, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Miranda D Redmond
- Department of Forest and Rangeland Stewardship, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
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4
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Journé V, Andrus R, Aravena MC, Ascoli D, Berretti R, Berveiller D, Bogdziewicz M, Boivin T, Bonal R, Caignard T, Calama R, Camarero JJ, Chang-Yang CH, Courbaud B, Courbet F, Curt T, Das AJ, Daskalakou E, Davi H, Delpierre N, Delzon S, Dietze M, Donoso Calderon S, Dormont L, Maria Espelta J, Fahey TJ, Farfan-Rios W, Gehring CA, Gilbert GS, Gratzer G, Greenberg CH, Guo Q, Hacket-Pain A, Hampe A, Han Q, Lambers JHR, Hoshizaki K, Ibanez I, Johnstone JF, Kabeya D, Kays R, Kitzberger T, Knops JMH, Kobe RK, Kunstler G, Lageard JGA, LaMontagne JM, Leininger T, Limousin JM, Lutz JA, Macias D, McIntire EJB, Moore CM, Moran E, Motta R, Myers JA, Nagel TA, Noguchi K, Ourcival JM, Parmenter R, Pearse IS, Perez-Ramos IM, Piechnik L, Poulsen J, Poulton-Kamakura R, Qiu T, Redmond MD, Reid CD, Rodman KC, Rodriguez-Sanchez F, Sanguinetti JD, Scher CL, Marle HSV, Seget B, Sharma S, Silman M, Steele MA, Stephenson NL, Straub JN, Swenson JJ, Swift M, Thomas PA, Uriarte M, Vacchiano G, Veblen TT, Whipple AV, Whitham TG, Wright B, Wright SJ, Zhu K, Zimmerman JK, Zlotin R, Zywiec M, Clark JS. Globally, tree fecundity exceeds productivity gradients. Ecol Lett 2022; 25:1471-1482. [PMID: 35460530 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Lack of tree fecundity data across climatic gradients precludes the analysis of how seed supply contributes to global variation in forest regeneration and biotic interactions responsible for biodiversity. A global synthesis of raw seedproduction data shows a 250-fold increase in seed abundance from cold-dry to warm-wet climates, driven primarily by a 100-fold increase in seed production for a given tree size. The modest (threefold) increase in forest productivity across the same climate gradient cannot explain the magnitudes of these trends. The increase in seeds per tree can arise from adaptive evolution driven by intense species interactions or from the direct effects of a warm, moist climate on tree fecundity. Either way, the massive differences in seed supply ramify through food webs potentially explaining a disproportionate role for species interactions in the wet tropics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Journé
- Universite Grenoble Alpes, Institut National de Recherche pour Agriculture, Alimentation et Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire EcoSystemes et Societes En Montagne (LESSEM), St. Martin-d'Heres, France
| | - Robert Andrus
- Department of Geography, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Marie-Claire Aravena
- Universidad de Chile, Facultad de Ciencias Forestales y de la Conservacion de la Naturaleza (FCFCN), Santiago, Chile
| | - Davide Ascoli
- Department of Agriculture, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Torino, Grugliasco, TO, Italy
| | - Roberta Berretti
- Department of Agriculture, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Torino, Grugliasco, TO, Italy
| | - Daniel Berveiller
- Universite Paris-Saclay, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, AgroParisTech, Ecologie Systematique et Evolution, Orsay, France
| | - Michal Bogdziewicz
- Department of Systematic Zoology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland
| | - Thomas Boivin
- Institut National de Recherche pour Agriculture, Alimentation et Environnement (INRAE), Ecologie des Forets Mediterranennes, Avignon, France
| | - Raul Bonal
- Department of Biodiversity, Ecology and Evolution, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Thomas Caignard
- Universite Bordeaux, Institut National de Recherche pour Agriculture, Alimentation et Environnement (INRAE), Biodiversity, Genes, and Communities (BIOGECO), Pessac, France
| | - Rafael Calama
- Centro de Investigacion Forestal (INIA-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Julio Camarero
- Instituto Pirenaico de Ecologla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (IPE-CSIC), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Chia-Hao Chang-Yang
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Benoit Courbaud
- Universite Grenoble Alpes, Institut National de Recherche pour Agriculture, Alimentation et Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire EcoSystemes et Societes En Montagne (LESSEM), St. Martin-d'Heres, France
| | - Francois Courbet
- Institut National de Recherche pour Agriculture, Alimentation et Environnement (INRAE), Ecologie des Forets Mediterranennes, Avignon, France
| | - Thomas Curt
- Aix Marseille universite, Institut National de Recherche pour Agriculture, Alimentation et Environnement (IN-RAE), Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - Adrian J Das
- USGS Western Ecological Research Center, Three Rivers, California, USA
| | - Evangelia Daskalakou
- Institute of Mediterranean and Forest Ecosystems, HellenicAgricultural Organization ¨ DEMETER¨, Athens, Greece
| | - Hendrik Davi
- Institut National de Recherche pour Agriculture, Alimentation et Environnement (INRAE), Ecologie des Forets Mediterranennes, Avignon, France
| | - Nicolas Delpierre
- Universite Paris-Saclay, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, AgroParisTech, Ecologie Systematique et Evolution, Orsay, France
| | - Sylvain Delzon
- Universite Bordeaux, Institut National de Recherche pour Agriculture, Alimentation et Environnement (INRAE), Biodiversity, Genes, and Communities (BIOGECO), Pessac, France
| | - Michael Dietze
- Earth and Environment, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sergio Donoso Calderon
- Universidad de Chile, Facultad de Ciencias Forestales y de la Conservacion de la Naturaleza (FCFCN), Santiago, Chile
| | - Laurent Dormont
- Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Montpellier, France
| | - Josep Maria Espelta
- Centre de Recerca Ecologica i Aplicacions Forestals (CREAF), Bellaterra, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Timothy J Fahey
- Natural Resources, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - William Farfan-Rios
- Center for Conservation and Sustainable Development, Washington University in Saint Louis, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Catherine A Gehring
- Department of Biological Sciences and Center for Adaptive Western Landscapes, University of Northern Arizona, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA
| | - Gregory S Gilbert
- Department of Environmental Studies, University of California, Santa Cruz, California, USA
| | - Georg Gratzer
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences and Institute of Forest Ecology, Wien, Austria
| | - Cathryn H Greenberg
- Bent Creek Experimental Forest, USDA Forest Service, Asheville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Qinfeng Guo
- Eastern Forest Environmental Threat Assessment Center, USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Asheville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Andrew Hacket-Pain
- Department of Geography and Planning, School of Environmental Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Arndt Hampe
- Universite Bordeaux, Institut National de Recherche pour Agriculture, Alimentation et Environnement (INRAE), Biodiversity, Genes, and Communities (BIOGECO), Pessac, France
| | - Qingmin Han
- Department of Plant Ecology Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute (FFPRI), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | | | - Kazuhiko Hoshizaki
- Department of Biological Environment, Akita Prefectural University, Akita, Japan
| | - Ines Ibanez
- School for Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jill F Johnstone
- Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, Alaska, USA
| | - Daisuke Kabeya
- Department of Plant Ecology Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute (FFPRI), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Roland Kays
- Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, NC State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Thomas Kitzberger
- Department of Ecology, Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas - Universidad Nacional del Comahue), Bariloche, Argentina
| | - Johannes M H Knops
- Health and Environmental Sciences Department, Xian Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China
| | - Richard K Kobe
- Department of Plant Biology, Program in Ecology, Evolutionary Biology, and Behavior, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Georges Kunstler
- Universite Grenoble Alpes, Institut National de Recherche pour Agriculture, Alimentation et Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire EcoSystemes et Societes En Montagne (LESSEM), St. Martin-d'Heres, France
| | - Jonathan G A Lageard
- Department of Natural Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Jalene M LaMontagne
- Department of Biological Sciences, DePaul University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Theodor Leininger
- USDA, Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Stoneville, Mississippi, USA
| | | | - James A Lutz
- Department of Wildland Resources, and the Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, USA
| | - Diana Macias
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | | | | | - Emily Moran
- School of Natural Sciences, UC Merced, Merced, California, USA
| | - Renzo Motta
- Department of Agriculture, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Torino, Grugliasco, TO, Italy
| | - Jonathan A Myers
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Thomas A Nagel
- Department of forestry and renewable forest resources, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Kyotaro Noguchi
- Tohoku Research Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Morioka, Iwate, Japan
| | | | - Robert Parmenter
- Valles Caldera National Preserve, National Park Service, Jemez Springs, New Mexico, USA
| | - Ian S Pearse
- Fort Collins Science Center, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Ignacio M Perez-Ramos
- Inst. de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiologia de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (IRNAS-CSIC), Seville, Andalucia, Spain
| | - Lukasz Piechnik
- W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - John Poulsen
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Tong Qiu
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Miranda D Redmond
- Department of Forest and Rangeland Stewardship, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Chantal D Reid
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kyle C Rodman
- Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | | | - Javier D Sanguinetti
- Bilogo Dpto. Conservacin y Manejo Parque Nacional Lanin Elordi y Perito Moreno 8370, San Marten de los Andes, Argentina
| | - C Lane Scher
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Harald Schmidt Van Marle
- Universidad de Chile, Facultad de Ciencias Forestales y de la Conservacion de la Naturaleza (FCFCN), Santiago, Chile
| | - Barbara Seget
- W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Shubhi Sharma
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Miles Silman
- Department of Biology, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Michael A Steele
- Department of Biology, Wilkes University, Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Jacob N Straub
- Department of Environmental Science and Ecology, State University of New York-Brockport, Brockport, New York, USA
| | - Jennifer J Swenson
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Margaret Swift
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Peter A Thomas
- School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Staffordshire, UK
| | - Maria Uriarte
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Giorgio Vacchiano
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences - Production, Territory, Agroenergy (DISAA), University of Milan, Milano, Italy
| | - Thomas T Veblen
- Department of Geography, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Amy V Whipple
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA
| | - Thomas G Whitham
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA
| | - Boyd Wright
- Botany, School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia
| | - S Joseph Wright
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Republic of Panama
| | - Kai Zhu
- Department of Environmental Studies, University of California, Santa Cruz, California, USA
| | - Jess K Zimmerman
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras, Puerto Rico, USA
| | - Roman Zlotin
- Geography Department and Russian and East European Institute, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Magdalena Zywiec
- W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - James S Clark
- Universite Grenoble Alpes, Institut National de Recherche pour Agriculture, Alimentation et Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire EcoSystemes et Societes En Montagne (LESSEM), St. Martin-d'Heres, France.,Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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5
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Bogdziewicz M. How will global change affect plant reproduction? A framework for mast seeding trends. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 234:14-20. [PMID: 34409608 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Forest ecology traditionally focuses on plant growth and survival, leaving seed production as a major demographic process lacking a framework for how it will be affected by global change. Understanding plant reproductive responses to changing climate is complicated by masting, the annually variable seed production synchronized within populations. Predicting trends in masting is crucial, because masting impacts seed predation and pollination enough to override simple trends in mean seed production. Proximate mechanisms of seed production patterns in perennial plants are gathered to identify processes through which masting may be affected by a changing environment. Predicting trends in masting will require understanding the mechanisms that cause predictable seed failure after high-seed years, and the stochastic mechanisms that synchronize individuals in high-seed years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Bogdziewicz
- Department of Systematic Zoology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Ulica Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, Poznań, 61-614, Poland
- INRAE, LESSEM, University Grenoble Alpes, 2 rue de la Papeterie, BP 76, Saint-Martin-d'Hères, 38400, France
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6
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North American tree migration paced by climate in the West, lagging in the East. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:2116691118. [PMID: 34983867 PMCID: PMC8784119 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2116691118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Suitable habitats for forest trees may be shifting fast with recent climate change. Studies tracking the shift in suitable habitat for forests have been inconclusive, in part because responses in tree fecundity and seedling establishment can diverge. Analysis of both components at a continental scale reveals a poleward migration of northern species that is in progress now. Recruitment and fecundity both contribute to poleward spread in the West, while fecundity limits spread in the East, despite a fecundity hotspot in the Southeast. Fecundity limitation on population spread can confront conservation and management efforts with persistent disequilibrium between forest diversity and rapid climate change. Tree fecundity and recruitment have not yet been quantified at scales needed to anticipate biogeographic shifts in response to climate change. By separating their responses, this study shows coherence across species and communities, offering the strongest support to date that migration is in progress with regional limitations on rates. The southeastern continent emerges as a fecundity hotspot, but it is situated south of population centers where high seed production could contribute to poleward population spread. By contrast, seedling success is highest in the West and North, serving to partially offset limited seed production near poleward frontiers. The evidence of fecundity and recruitment control on tree migration can inform conservation planning for the expected long-term disequilibrium between climate and forest distribution.
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Pesendorfer MB, Ascoli D, Bogdziewicz M, Hacket-Pain A, Pearse IS, Vacchiano G. The ecology and evolution of synchronized reproduction in long-lived plants. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2021; 376:20200369. [PMID: 34657462 PMCID: PMC8520778 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2020.0369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Populations of many long-lived plants exhibit spatially synchronized seed production that varies extensively over time, so that seed production in some years is much higher than on average, while in others, it is much lower or absent. This phenomenon termed masting or mast seeding has important consequences for plant reproductive success, ecosystem dynamics and plant-human interactions. Inspired by recent advances in the field, this special issue presents a series of articles that advance the current understanding of the ecology and evolution of masting. To provide a broad overview, we reflect on the state-of-the-art of masting research in terms of underlying proximate mechanisms, ontogeny, adaptations, phylogeny and applications to conservation. While the mechanistic drivers and fitness consequences of masting have received most attention, the evolutionary history, ontogenetic trajectory and applications to plant-human interactions are poorly understood. With increased availability of long-term datasets across broader geographical and taxonomic scales, as well as advances in molecular approaches, we expect that many mysteries of masting will be solved soon. The increased understanding of this global phenomenon will provide the foundation for predictive modelling of seed crops, which will improve our ability to manage forests and agricultural fruit and nut crops in the Anthropocene. This article is part of the theme issue 'The ecology and evolution of synchronized seed production in plants'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario B. Pesendorfer
- Institute of Forest Ecology, Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, A-1180 Vienna, Austria
- Migratory Bird Center, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Washington, DC 20008, USA
| | - Davide Ascoli
- Department of Agricultural, Forestry and Food Sciences, University of Torino, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Michał Bogdziewicz
- Department of Systematic Zoology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61-712 Poznań, Poland
- INRAE, LESSEM, University Grenoble Alpes, 38400 Saint-Martin-d'Hères, France
| | - Andrew Hacket-Pain
- Department of Geography and Planning, School of Environmental Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK
| | - Ian S. Pearse
- Fort Collins Science Center, US Geological Survey, Fort Collins, CO 80526, USA
| | - Giorgio Vacchiano
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
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8
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Hacket-Pain A, Bogdziewicz M. Climate change and plant reproduction: trends and drivers of mast seeding change. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2021; 376:20200379. [PMID: 34657461 PMCID: PMC8520772 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2020.0379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Climate change is reshaping global vegetation through its impacts on plant mortality, but recruitment creates the next generation of plants and will determine the structure and composition of future communities. Recruitment depends on mean seed production, but also on the interannual variability and among-plant synchrony in seed production, the phenomenon known as mast seeding. Thus, predicting the long-term response of global vegetation dynamics to climate change requires understanding the response of masting to changing climate. Recently, data and methods have become available allowing the first assessments of long-term changes in masting. Reviewing the literature, we evaluate evidence for a fingerprint of climate change on mast seeding and discuss the drivers and impacts of these changes. We divide our discussion into the main characteristics of mast seeding: interannual variation, synchrony, temporal autocorrelation and mast frequency. Data indicate that masting patterns are changing but the direction of that change varies, likely reflecting the diversity of proximate factors underlying masting across taxa. Experiments to understand the proximate mechanisms underlying masting, in combination with the analysis of long-term datasets, will enable us to understand this observed variability in the response of masting. This will allow us to predict future shifts in masting patterns, and consequently ecosystem impacts of climate change via its impacts on masting. This article is part of the theme issue 'The ecology and evolution of synchronized seed production in plants'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Hacket-Pain
- Department of Geography and Planning, School of Environmental Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZT, UK
| | - Michał Bogdziewicz
- Department of Systematic Zoology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Ulica Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, Poznań, 61‐614 Poland
- INRAE, LESSEM, University Grenoble Alpes, 2 rue de la Papeterie, BP 76, Saint‐Martin‐d'Hères, 38400 France
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9
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Nakamura T, Ishida A, Kawai K, Minagi K, Saiki S, Yazaki K, Yoshimura J. Tree hazards compounded by successive climate extremes after masting in a small endemic tree, Distylium lepidotum, on subtropical islands in Japan. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2021; 27:5094-5108. [PMID: 34170598 PMCID: PMC8518126 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Ongoing global warming increases the frequency and severity of tropical typhoons and prolonged drought, leading to forest degradation. Simultaneous and/or successive masting events and climatic extremes may thus occur frequently in the near future. If these climatic extremes occur immediately after mass seed reproduction, their effects on individual trees are expected to be very severe because mass reproduction decreases carbohydrate reserves. While the effects of either a single climate extreme or masting alone on tree resilience/growth have received past research attention, understanding the cumulative effects of such multiple events remains challenging and is crucial for predicting future forest changes. Here, we report tree hazards compound by two successive climate extremes, a tropical typhoon and prolonged drought, after mass reproduction in an endemic tree species (Distylium lepidotum Nakai) on oceanic islands. Across individual trees, the starch stored within the sapwood of branchlets significantly decreased with reproductive efforts (fruit mass/shoot mass ratio). Typhoon damage significantly decreased not only the total leaf area of apical shoots but also the maximum photosynthetic rates. During the 5-month period after the typhoon, the mortality of large branchlets (8-10-mm diameter) increased with decreasing stored starch when the typhoon hit. During the prolonged summer drought in the next year, the recovery of total leaf area, stored starch, and hydraulic conductivity was negatively correlated with the stored starch at the typhoon. These data indicate that the level of stored starch within branchlets is the driving factor determining tree regrowth or dieback, and the restoration of carbohydrates after mass reproduction is synergistically delayed by such climate extremes. Stored carbohydrates are the major cumulative factor affecting individual tree resilience, resulting in their historical effects. Because of highly variable carbohydrate levels among individual trees, the resultant impacts of such successive events on forest dieback will be fundamentally different among trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomomi Nakamura
- Center for Ecological ResearchKyoto UniversityOtsuShigaJapan
| | - Atsushi Ishida
- Center for Ecological ResearchKyoto UniversityOtsuShigaJapan
| | - Kiyosada Kawai
- Center for Ecological ResearchKyoto UniversityOtsuShigaJapan
- Japan International Research Center for Agricultural SciencesTsukubaIbarakiJapan
| | - Kanji Minagi
- Center for Ecological ResearchKyoto UniversityOtsuShigaJapan
| | - Shin‐Taro Saiki
- Forestry and Forest Products Research InstituteTsukubaIbarakiJapan
| | - Kenichi Yazaki
- Hokkaido Research Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research InstituteSapporoHokkaidoJapan
| | - Jin Yoshimura
- Institute of Tropical MedicineNagasaki UniversityNagasakiNagasakiJapan
- Faculty of ScienceTokyo Metropolitan UniversityHachiojiTokyoJapan
- The University MuseumThe University of TokyoBunkyoTokyoJapan
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10
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Le Roncé I, Gavinet J, Ourcival JM, Mouillot F, Chuine I, Limousin JM. Holm oak fecundity does not acclimate to a drier world. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 231:631-645. [PMID: 33891307 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Climate change might impact tree fecundity by altering the relative influences of meteorological and physiological drivers, and by modifying resource investment in reproduction. Using a 13-yr monitoring of Quercus ilex reproduction in a rainfall exclusion experiment, we analysed the interactive effects of long-term increased aridity and other environmental drivers on the inter-annual variation of fecundity (male flower biomass, number of initiated and mature fruits). Summer-autumn water stress was the main driver of fruit abortion during fruit growth. Rainfall exclusion treatment strongly reduced the number of initiated and mature fruits, even in masting years, and did not increase fruit tolerance to severe drought. Conversely, the relative contribution of the meteorological and physiological drivers, and the inter-annual variability of fruit production were not modified by rainfall exclusion. Rather than inducing an acclimation of tree fecundity to water limitation, increased aridity impacted it negatively through both lower fruit initiation due to changes in resource allocation, and more severe water and resource limitations during fruit growth. Long-term increased aridity affected tree reproduction beyond what is expected from the current response to inter-annual drought variations, suggesting that natural regeneration of holm oak forest could be jeopardised in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Le Roncé
- CEFE, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, 1919 route de Mende, Montpellier Cedex 5, 34293, France
| | - Jordane Gavinet
- CEFE, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, 1919 route de Mende, Montpellier Cedex 5, 34293, France
| | - Jean-Marc Ourcival
- CEFE, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, 1919 route de Mende, Montpellier Cedex 5, 34293, France
| | - Florent Mouillot
- CEFE, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, 1919 route de Mende, Montpellier Cedex 5, 34293, France
| | - Isabelle Chuine
- CEFE, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, 1919 route de Mende, Montpellier Cedex 5, 34293, France
| | - Jean-Marc Limousin
- CEFE, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, 1919 route de Mende, Montpellier Cedex 5, 34293, France
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11
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Fernández‐Martínez M, Peñuelas J. Measuring temporal patterns in ecology: The case of mast seeding. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:2990-2996. [PMID: 33841760 PMCID: PMC8019024 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Properly assessing temporal patterns is a central issue in ecology in order to understand ecosystem processes and their mechanisms. Mast seeding has traditionally been described as a reproductive behavior consisting of highly variable and synchronized reproductive events. The most common metric used to measure temporal variability and thus infer masting behavior, the coefficient of variation (CV), however, has been repeatedly suggested to improperly estimate temporal variability. Biases of CV estimates are especially problematic for non-normally distributed data and/or data sets with a high number of zeros.Some recent studies have already adopted new metrics to measure temporal variability, but most continue to use CV. This controversy has started a strong debate about what metrics to use.We here summarize the problems of CV when assessing temporal variability, particularly across data sets containing a large number of zeros, and highlight the benefits of using other metrics of temporal variability, such as proportional variability (PV) and consecutive disparity (D). We also suggest a new way to look at reproductive behavior, by separating temporal variability from frequency of reproduction, to allow better comparison of data sets with different characteristics.We suggest future studies to properly describe the temporal patterns in fully scientific and measurable terms that do not lead to confusion, such as variability and frequency of reproduction, using robust and fully comparable metrics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- CSICGlobal Ecology UnitCREAF‐CSIC‐UABBellaterraBarcelonaSpain
- CREAFBellaterraBarcelonaSpain
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12
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Clark JS, Andrus R, Aubry-Kientz M, Bergeron Y, Bogdziewicz M, Bragg DC, Brockway D, Cleavitt NL, Cohen S, Courbaud B, Daley R, Das AJ, Dietze M, Fahey TJ, Fer I, Franklin JF, Gehring CA, Gilbert GS, Greenberg CH, Guo Q, HilleRisLambers J, Ibanez I, Johnstone J, Kilner CL, Knops J, Koenig WD, Kunstler G, LaMontagne JM, Legg KL, Luongo J, Lutz JA, Macias D, McIntire EJB, Messaoud Y, Moore CM, Moran E, Myers JA, Myers OB, Nunez C, Parmenter R, Pearse S, Pearson S, Poulton-Kamakura R, Ready E, Redmond MD, Reid CD, Rodman KC, Scher CL, Schlesinger WH, Schwantes AM, Shanahan E, Sharma S, Steele MA, Stephenson NL, Sutton S, Swenson JJ, Swift M, Veblen TT, Whipple AV, Whitham TG, Wion AP, Zhu K, Zlotin R. Continent-wide tree fecundity driven by indirect climate effects. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1242. [PMID: 33623042 PMCID: PMC7902660 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20836-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Indirect climate effects on tree fecundity that come through variation in size and growth (climate-condition interactions) are not currently part of models used to predict future forests. Trends in species abundances predicted from meta-analyses and species distribution models will be misleading if they depend on the conditions of individuals. Here we find from a synthesis of tree species in North America that climate-condition interactions dominate responses through two pathways, i) effects of growth that depend on climate, and ii) effects of climate that depend on tree size. Because tree fecundity first increases and then declines with size, climate change that stimulates growth promotes a shift of small trees to more fecund sizes, but the opposite can be true for large sizes. Change the depresses growth also affects fecundity. We find a biogeographic divide, with these interactions reducing fecundity in the West and increasing it in the East. Continental-scale responses of these forests are thus driven largely by indirect effects, recommending management for climate change that considers multiple demographic rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- James S. Clark
- grid.26009.3d0000 0004 1936 7961Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC USA ,grid.450307.5INRAE, LESSEM, University Grenoble Alpes, Saint-Martin-d’Heres, France
| | - Robert Andrus
- grid.266190.a0000000096214564Department of Geography, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO USA
| | - Melaine Aubry-Kientz
- grid.266096.d0000 0001 0049 1282School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, Merced, CA USA
| | - Yves Bergeron
- grid.265695.bForest Research Institute, University of Quebec in Abitibi-Temiscamingue, Rouyn-Noranda, QC Canada
| | - Michal Bogdziewicz
- grid.5633.30000 0001 2097 3545Department of Systematic Zoology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland
| | - Don C. Bragg
- grid.497399.90000 0001 2106 5338USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Monticello, AR USA
| | - Dale Brockway
- grid.472551.00000 0004 0404 3120USDA Forest Service Southern Research Station, Auburn, AL USA
| | - Natalie L. Cleavitt
- grid.5386.8000000041936877XNatural Resources, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY USA
| | - Susan Cohen
- grid.10698.360000000122483208Institute for the Environment, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - Benoit Courbaud
- grid.450307.5INRAE, LESSEM, University Grenoble Alpes, Saint-Martin-d’Heres, France
| | - Robert Daley
- grid.454846.f0000 0001 2331 3972Greater Yellowstone Network, National Park Service, Bozeman, MT USA
| | - Adrian J. Das
- grid.2865.90000000121546924USGS Western Ecological Research Center, Three Rivers, CA USA
| | - Michael Dietze
- grid.189504.10000 0004 1936 7558Earth and Environment, Boston University, Boston, MA USA
| | - Timothy J. Fahey
- grid.472551.00000 0004 0404 3120USDA Forest Service Southern Research Station, Auburn, AL USA
| | - Istem Fer
- grid.8657.c0000 0001 2253 8678Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jerry F. Franklin
- grid.34477.330000000122986657Forest Resources, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
| | - Catherine A. Gehring
- grid.261120.60000 0004 1936 8040Department of Biological Science, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ USA
| | - Gregory S. Gilbert
- grid.205975.c0000 0001 0740 6917University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA USA
| | - Cathryn H. Greenberg
- grid.472551.00000 0004 0404 3120USDA Forest Service, Bent Creek Experimental Forest, Asheville, NC USA
| | - Qinfeng Guo
- grid.472551.00000 0004 0404 3120USDA Forest Service Southern Research Station, Eastern Forest Environmental Threat Assessment Center, Research Triangle Park, NC USA
| | - Janneke HilleRisLambers
- grid.34477.330000000122986657Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
| | - Ines Ibanez
- grid.214458.e0000000086837370School for Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - Jill Johnstone
- grid.25152.310000 0001 2154 235XDepartment of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK Canada
| | - Christopher L. Kilner
- grid.26009.3d0000 0004 1936 7961Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC USA
| | - Johannes Knops
- grid.440701.60000 0004 1765 4000Health and Environmental Sciences Department, Xian Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China
| | - Walter D. Koenig
- grid.47840.3f0000 0001 2181 7878Hastings Reservation, University of California Berkeley, Carmel Valley, CA USA
| | - Georges Kunstler
- grid.450307.5INRAE, LESSEM, University Grenoble Alpes, Saint-Martin-d’Heres, France
| | - Jalene M. LaMontagne
- grid.254920.80000 0001 0707 2013Department of Biological Sciences, DePaul University, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Kristin L. Legg
- grid.454846.f0000 0001 2331 3972Greater Yellowstone Network, National Park Service, Bozeman, MT USA
| | - Jordan Luongo
- grid.26009.3d0000 0004 1936 7961Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC USA
| | - James A. Lutz
- grid.53857.3c0000 0001 2185 8768Department of Wildland Resources, Utah State University Ecology Center, Logan, UT USA
| | - Diana Macias
- grid.266832.b0000 0001 2188 8502Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM USA
| | | | - Yassine Messaoud
- grid.265704.20000 0001 0665 6279Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue, Rouyn-Noranda, Quebec Canada
| | - Christopher M. Moore
- grid.254333.00000 0001 2296 8213Department of Biology, Colby College, Waterville, ME USA
| | - Emily Moran
- grid.266190.a0000000096214564Department of Geography, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO USA
| | - Jonathan A. Myers
- grid.4367.60000 0001 2355 7002Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO USA
| | - Orrin B. Myers
- grid.266832.b0000 0001 2188 8502University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM USA
| | - Chase Nunez
- grid.507516.00000 0004 7661 536XDepartment for the Ecology of Animal Societies, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Robert Parmenter
- grid.454846.f0000 0001 2331 3972Valles Caldera National Preserve, National Park Service, Jemez Springs, NM USA
| | - Sam Pearse
- grid.2865.90000000121546924Fort Collins Science Center, Fort Collins, CO USA
| | - Scott Pearson
- grid.435676.50000 0000 8528 5973Department of Natural Sciences, Mars Hill University, Mars Hill, NC USA
| | - Renata Poulton-Kamakura
- grid.26009.3d0000 0004 1936 7961Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC USA
| | - Ethan Ready
- grid.26009.3d0000 0004 1936 7961Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC USA
| | - Miranda D. Redmond
- grid.47894.360000 0004 1936 8083Department of Forest and Rangeland Stewardship, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO USA
| | - Chantal D. Reid
- grid.26009.3d0000 0004 1936 7961Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC USA
| | - Kyle C. Rodman
- grid.450307.5INRAE, LESSEM, University Grenoble Alpes, Saint-Martin-d’Heres, France
| | - C. Lane Scher
- grid.26009.3d0000 0004 1936 7961Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC USA
| | - William H. Schlesinger
- grid.26009.3d0000 0004 1936 7961Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC USA
| | - Amanda M. Schwantes
- grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Erin Shanahan
- grid.454846.f0000 0001 2331 3972Greater Yellowstone Network, National Park Service, Bozeman, MT USA
| | - Shubhi Sharma
- grid.26009.3d0000 0004 1936 7961Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC USA
| | - Michael A. Steele
- grid.268256.d0000 0000 8510 1943Department of Biology, Wilkes University, Wilkes-Barre, PA USA
| | - Nathan L. Stephenson
- grid.2865.90000000121546924USGS Western Ecological Research Center, Three Rivers, CA USA
| | - Samantha Sutton
- grid.26009.3d0000 0004 1936 7961Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC USA
| | - Jennifer J. Swenson
- grid.26009.3d0000 0004 1936 7961Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC USA
| | - Margaret Swift
- grid.26009.3d0000 0004 1936 7961Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC USA
| | - Thomas T. Veblen
- grid.450307.5INRAE, LESSEM, University Grenoble Alpes, Saint-Martin-d’Heres, France
| | - Amy V. Whipple
- grid.261120.60000 0004 1936 8040Department of Biological Science, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ USA
| | - Thomas G. Whitham
- grid.261120.60000 0004 1936 8040Department of Biological Science, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ USA
| | - Andreas P. Wion
- grid.47894.360000 0004 1936 8083Department of Forest and Rangeland Stewardship, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO USA
| | - Kai Zhu
- grid.205975.c0000 0001 0740 6917University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA USA
| | - Roman Zlotin
- grid.411377.70000 0001 0790 959XGeography Department and Russian and East European Institute, Bloomington, IN USA
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13
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Le Roncé I, Toïgo M, Dardevet E, Venner S, Limousin JM, Chuine I. Resource manipulation through experimental defoliation has legacy effects on allocation to reproductive and vegetative organs in Quercus ilex. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2020; 126:1165-1179. [PMID: 32686832 PMCID: PMC7684701 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcaa137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS In plants, high costs of reproduction during some years can induce trade-offs in resource allocation with other functions such as growth, survival and resistance against herbivores or extreme abiotic conditions, but also with subsequent reproduction. Such trade-offs might also occur following resource shortage at particular moments of the reproductive cycle. Because plants are modular organisms, strategies for resource allocation to reproduction can also vary among hierarchical levels. Using a defoliation experiment, our aim was to test how allocation to reproduction was impacted by resource limitation. METHODS We applied three levels of defoliation (control, moderate and intense) to branches of eight Quercus ilex trees shortly after fruit initiation and measured the effects of resource limitation induced by leaf removal on fruit development (survival, growth and germination potential) and on the production of vegetative and reproductive organs the year following defoliation. KEY RESULTS We found that defoliation had little impact on fruit development. Fruit survival was not affected by the intense defoliation treatment, but was reduced by moderate defoliation, and this result could not be explained by an upregulation of photosynthesis. Mature fruit mass was not affected by defoliation, nor was seed germination success. However, in the following spring defoliated branches produced fewer shoots and compensated for leaf loss by overproducing leaves at the expense of flowers. Therefore, resource shortage decreased resource allocation to reproduction the following season but did not affect sex ratio. CONCLUSIONS Our results support the idea of a regulation of resource allocation to reproduction beyond the shoot scale. Defoliation had larger legacy effects than immediate effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Le Roncé
- CEFE, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Univ. Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, Montpellier, France
| | - Maude Toïgo
- CEFE, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Univ. Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, Montpellier, France
| | - Elia Dardevet
- CEFE, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Univ. Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, Montpellier, France
| | - Samuel Venner
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Évolutive, UMR 5558, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Jean-Marc Limousin
- CEFE, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Univ. Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, Montpellier, France
| | - Isabelle Chuine
- CEFE, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Univ. Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, Montpellier, France
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14
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Wood vs. Canopy Allocation of Aboveground Net Primary Productivity in a Mediterranean Forest during 21 Years of Experimental Rainfall Exclusion. FORESTS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/f11101094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A Mediterranean holm oak forest was subjected to experimental partial rainfall exclusion during 21 consecutive years to study the effects of the expected decrease in water availability for Mediterranean vegetation in the coming decades. Allocation in woody structures and total aboveground allocation were correlated with annual rainfall, whereas canopy allocation and the ratio of wood/canopy allocation were not dependent on rainfall. Fruit productivity was also correlated with annual rainfall, but only in Quercus ilex. In the studied site, there were two types of forest structure: high canopy stand clearly dominated by Quercus ilex, and low canopy stand with more abundance of a tall shrub species, Phillyrea latifolia. In the tall canopy stand, the allocation to woody structures decreased in the experimental rainfall exclusion, but not the allocation to canopy. In the low canopy stand, wood allocation in Quercus ilex was very small in both control and plots with rainfall exclusion, but wood allocation in Phillyrea latifolia was even higher than that obtained in tall canopy plots, especially in the plots receiving the experimental rainfall exclusion. These results highlight likely future changes in the structure and functioning of this ecosystem induced by the decrease in water availability. A serious drop in the capacity to mitigate climate change for this Mediterranean forest can be expected, and the ability of Phillyrea latifolia to take advantage of the limited capacity to cope with drought conditions detected in Quercus ilex makes likely a forthcoming change in species dominance, especially in the low canopy stands.
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