1
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Xiao H, Verboven P, Tong S, Pedersen O, Nicolaï B. Hypoxia in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruit during ripening: Biophysical elucidation by a 3D reaction-diffusion model. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 195:1893-1905. [PMID: 38546393 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiae174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
Respiration provides energy, substrates, and precursors to support physiological changes of the fruit during climacteric ripening. A key substrate of respiration is oxygen that needs to be supplied to the fruit in a passive way by gas transfer from the environment. Oxygen gradients may develop within the fruit due to its bulky size and the dense fruit tissues, potentially creating hypoxia that may have a role in the spatial development of ripening. This study presents a 3D reaction-diffusion model using tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruit as a test subject, combining the multiscale fruit geometry generated from magnetic resonance imaging and microcomputed tomography with varying respiration kinetics and contrasting boundary resistances obtained through independent experiments. The model predicted low oxygen levels in locular tissue under atmospheric conditions, and the oxygen level was markedly lower upon scar occlusion, aligning with microsensor profiling results. The locular region was in a hypoxic state, leading to its low aerobic respiration with high CO2 accumulation by fermentative respiration, while the rest of the tissues remained well oxygenated. The model further revealed that the hypoxia is caused by a combination of diffusion resistances and respiration rates of the tissue. Collectively, this study reveals the existence of the respiratory gas gradients and its biophysical causes during tomato fruit ripening, providing richer information for future studies on localized endogenous ethylene biosynthesis and fruit ripening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Xiao
- BIOSYST-MeBioS, KU Leuven, Leuven B-3001, Belgium
| | | | - Shuai Tong
- Freshwater Biological Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Ole Pedersen
- Freshwater Biological Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Bart Nicolaï
- BIOSYST-MeBioS, KU Leuven, Leuven B-3001, Belgium
- Flanders Centre of Postharvest Technology (VCBT), Leuven B-3001, Belgium
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2
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Wang YW, Nambeesan SU. Ethylene promotes fruit ripening initiation by downregulating photosynthesis, enhancing abscisic acid and suppressing jasmonic acid in blueberry (Vaccinium ashei). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:418. [PMID: 38760720 PMCID: PMC11102277 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05106-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blueberry fruit exhibit atypical climacteric ripening with a non-auto-catalytic increase in ethylene coincident with initiation of ripening. Further, application of ethephon, an ethylene-releasing plant growth regulator, accelerates ripening by increasing the proportion of ripe (blue) fruit as compared to the control treatment. To investigate the mechanistic role of ethylene in regulating blueberry ripening, we performed transcriptome analysis on fruit treated with ethephon, an ethylene-releasing plant growth regulator. RESULTS RNA-Sequencing was performed on two sets of rabbiteye blueberry ('Powderblue') fruit: (1) fruit from divergent developmental stages; and (2) fruit treated with ethephon, an ethylene-releasing compound. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from divergent developmental stages clustered into nine groups, among which cluster 1 displayed reduction in expression during ripening initiation and was enriched with photosynthesis related genes, while cluster 7 displayed increased expression during ripening and was enriched with aromatic-amino acid family catabolism genes, suggesting stimulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis. More DEGs were apparent at 1 day after ethephon treatment suggesting its early influence during ripening initiation. Overall, a higher number of genes were downregulated in response to ethylene. Many of these overlapped with cluster 1 genes, indicating that ethylene-mediated downregulation of photosynthesis is an important developmental event during the ripening transition. Analyses of DEGs in response to ethylene also indicated interplay among phytohormones. Ethylene positively regulated abscisic acid (ABA), negatively regulated jasmonates (JAs), and influenced auxin (IAA) metabolism and signaling genes. Phytohormone quantification supported these effects of ethylene, indicating coordination of blueberry fruit ripening by ethylene. CONCLUSION This study provides insights into the role of ethylene in blueberry fruit ripening. Ethylene initiates blueberry ripening by downregulating photosynthesis-related genes. Also, ethylene regulates phytohormone-metabolism and signaling related genes, increases ABA, and decreases JA concentrations. Together, these results indicate that interplay among multiple phytohormones regulates the progression of ripening, and that ethylene is an important coordinator of such interactions during blueberry fruit ripening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Wen Wang
- Department of Horticulture, University of Georgia, 1111 Miller Plant Sciences Building, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
- Center for Applied Genetic Technologies, University of Georgia, 111 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
- Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics & Genomics, University of Georgia, 111 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Savithri U Nambeesan
- Department of Horticulture, University of Georgia, 1111 Miller Plant Sciences Building, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
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3
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Xiong J, Liu Y, Wu P, Bian Z, Li B, Zhang Y, Zhu B. Identification and virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) analysis of methyltransferase affecting tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruit ripening. PLANTA 2024; 259:109. [PMID: 38558186 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-024-04384-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION Six methyltransferase genes affecting tomato fruit ripening were identified through genome-wide screening, VIGS assay, and expression pattern analysis. The data provide the basis for understanding new mechanisms of methyltransferases. Fruit ripening is a critical stage for the formation of edible quality and seed maturation, which is finely modulated by kinds of factors, including genetic regulators, hormones, external signals, etc. Methyltransferases (MTases), important genetic regulators, play vital roles in plant development through epigenetic regulation, post-translational modification, or other mechanisms. However, the regulatory functions of numerous MTases except DNA methylation in fruit ripening remain limited so far. Here, six MTases, which act on different types of substrates, were identified to affect tomato fruit ripening. First, 35 MTase genes with relatively high expression at breaker (Br) stage of tomato fruit were screened from the tomato MTase gene database encompassing 421 genes totally. Thereafter, six MTase genes were identified as potential regulators of fruit ripening via virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS), including four genes with a positive regulatory role and two genes with a negative regulatory role, respectively. The expression of these six MTase genes exhibited diverse patterns during the fruit ripening process, and responded to various external ripening-related factors, including ethylene, 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP), temperature, and light exposure. These results help to further elaborate the biological mechanisms of MTase genes in tomato fruit ripening and enrich the understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of fruit ripening involving MTases, despite of DNA MTases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Xiong
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Liu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Peiwen Wu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Bian
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Bowen Li
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Yifan Zhang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Benzhong Zhu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China.
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4
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Cao X, Li X, Su Y, Zhang C, Wei C, Chen K, Grierson D, Zhang B. Transcription factor PpNAC1 and DNA demethylase PpDML1 synergistically regulate peach fruit ripening. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 194:2049-2068. [PMID: 37992120 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Fruit ripening is accompanied by dramatic changes in color, texture, and flavor and is regulated by transcription factors (TFs) and epigenetic factors. However, the detailed regulatory mechanism remains unclear. Gene expression patterns suggest that PpNAC1 (NAM/ATAF1/2/CUC) TF plays a major role in peach (Prunus persica) fruit ripening. DNA affinity purification (DAP)-seq combined with transactivation tests demonstrated that PpNAC1 can directly activate the expression of multiple ripening-related genes, including ACC synthase1 (PpACS1) and ACC oxidase1 (PpACO1) involved in ethylene biosynthesis, pectinesterase1 (PpPME1), pectate lyase1 (PpPL1), and polygalacturonase1 (PpPG1) related to cell wall modification, and lipase1 (PpLIP1), fatty acid desaturase (PpFAD3-1), and alcohol acyltransferase1 (PpAAT1) involved in volatiles synthesis. Overexpression of PpNAC1 in the tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) nor (nonripening) mutant restored fruit ripening, and its transient overexpression in peach fruit induced target gene expression, supporting a positive role of PpNAC1 in fruit ripening. The enhanced transcript levels of PpNAC1 and its target genes were associated with decreases in their promoter mCG methylation during ripening. Declining DNA methylation was negatively associated with increased transcripts of DNA demethylase1 (PpDML1), whose promoter is recognized and activated by PpNAC1. We propose that decreased methylation of the promoter region of PpNAC1 leads to a subsequent decrease in DNA methylation levels and enhanced transcription of ripening-related genes. These results indicate that positive feedback between PpNAC1 and PpDML1 plays an important role in directly regulating expression of multiple genes required for peach ripening and quality formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangmei Cao
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xinzhao Li
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yike Su
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Chunyan Wei
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Institute of Horticulture, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Desheng Middle Road No. 298, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310021, China
| | - Kunsong Chen
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Donald Grierson
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Plant and Crop Sciences Division, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Bo Zhang
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, China
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5
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Pereira L. And yet another transcription factor-the complex world of fruit ripening. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 194:2185-2187. [PMID: 38173334 PMCID: PMC10980389 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Lara Pereira
- Assistant Features Editor, Plant Physiology, American Society of Plant Biologists
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
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6
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Jiang G, Li Z, Ding X, Zhou Y, Lai H, Jiang Y, Duan X. WUSCHEL-related homeobox transcription factor SlWOX13 regulates tomato fruit ripening. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 194:2322-2337. [PMID: 37995308 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Fruit ripening is a complex, genetically programmed process involving the action of critical transcription factors (TFs). Despite the established importance of WUSCHEL-related homeobox (WOX) TFs in plant development, the involvement of WOX and its underlying mechanism in the regulation of fruit ripening remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate that SlWOX13 regulates fruit ripening in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). Overexpression of SlWOX13 accelerates fruit ripening, whereas loss-of-function mutation in SlWOX13 delays this process. Moreover, ethylene synthesis and carotenoid accumulation are significantly inhibited in slwox13 mutant fruit but accelerated in SlWOX13 transgenic fruit. Integrated analyses of RNA-seq and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)-seq identified 422 direct targets of SlWOX13, of which 243 genes are negatively regulated and 179 are positively regulated by SlWOX13. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay, RT-qPCR, dual-luciferase reporter assay, and ChIP-qPCR analyses demonstrated that SlWOX13 directly activates the expression of several genes involved in ethylene synthesis and signaling and carotenoid biosynthesis. Furthermore, SlWOX13 modulates tomato fruit ripening through key ripening-related TFs, such as RIPENING INHIBITOR (RIN), NON-RIPENING (NOR), and NAM, ATAF1, 2, and CUC2 4 (NAC4). Consequently, these effects promote fruit ripening. Taken together, these results demonstrate that SlWOX13 positively regulates tomato fruit ripening via both ethylene synthesis and signaling and by transcriptional regulation of key ripening-related TFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoxiang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
- South China National Botanical Garden, Guangzhou 510650, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhiwei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
- South China National Botanical Garden, Guangzhou 510650, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaochun Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
- South China National Botanical Garden, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Yijie Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
- South China National Botanical Garden, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Hongmei Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
- South China National Botanical Garden, Guangzhou 510650, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yueming Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
- South China National Botanical Garden, Guangzhou 510650, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xuewu Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
- South China National Botanical Garden, Guangzhou 510650, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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7
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Ma L, Zheng Y, Zhou Z, Deng Z, Tan J, Bai C, Fu A, Wang Q, Zuo J. Dissection of mRNA ac 4C acetylation modifications in AC and Nr fruits: insights into the regulation of fruit ripening by ethylene. MOLECULAR HORTICULTURE 2024; 4:5. [PMID: 38369544 PMCID: PMC10875755 DOI: 10.1186/s43897-024-00082-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
N4-acetylcytidine (ac4C) modification of mRNA has been shown to be present in plant RNAs, but its regulatory function in plant remains largely unexplored. In this study, we investigated the differentially expressed mRNAs, lncRNAs and acetylation modifications of mRNAs in tomato fruits from both genotypes. By comparing wild-type (AC) tomato and the ethylene receptor-mutant (Nr) tomato from mature green (MG) to six days after the breaker (Br6) stage, we identified differences in numerous key genes related to fruit ripening and observed the corresponding lncRNAs positively regulated the target genes expression. At the post-transcriptional level, the acetylation level decreased and increased in AC and Nr tomatoes from MG to Br6 stage, respectively. The integrated analysis of RNA-seq and ac4C-seq data revealed the potential positive role of acetylation modification in regulating gene expression. Furthermore, we found differential acetylation modifications of certain transcripts (ACO, ETR, ERF, PG, CesA, β-Gal, GAD, AMY, and SUS) in AC and Nr fruits which may explain the differences in ethylene production, fruit texture, and flavor during their ripening processes. The present study provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms by which acetylation modification differentially regulates the ripening process of wild-type and mutant tomato fruits deficient in ethylene signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Ma
- Institute of Agri-food Processing and Nutrition, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetable Storage and Processing, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Postharvest Processing of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Yanyan Zheng
- Institute of Agri-food Processing and Nutrition, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetable Storage and Processing, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Postharvest Processing of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Zhongjing Zhou
- Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Zhiping Deng
- Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Jinjuan Tan
- Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Chunmei Bai
- Institute of Agri-food Processing and Nutrition, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetable Storage and Processing, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Postharvest Processing of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Anzhen Fu
- School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Institute of Agri-food Processing and Nutrition, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetable Storage and Processing, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Postharvest Processing of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Beijing, 100097, China.
| | - Jinhua Zuo
- Institute of Agri-food Processing and Nutrition, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetable Storage and Processing, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Postharvest Processing of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Beijing, 100097, China.
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8
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Zhu S, Mo Y, Yang Y, Liang S, Xian S, Deng Z, Zhao M, Liu S, Liu K. Genome-wide identification of MAPK family in papaya (Carica papaya) and their involvement in fruit postharvest ripening. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:68. [PMID: 38262956 PMCID: PMC10807106 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-04742-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Papaya (Carica papaya) is an economically important fruit cultivated in the tropical and subtropical regions of China. However, the rapid softening rate after postharvest leads to a short shelf-life and considerable economic losses. Accordingly, understanding the mechanisms underlying fruit postharvest softening will be a reasonable way to maintain fruit quality and extend its shelf-life. RESULTS Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are conserved and play essential roles in response to biotic and abiotic stresses. However, the MAPK family remain poorly studied in papaya. Here, a total of nine putative CpMAPK members were identified within papaya genome, and a comprehensive genome-wide characterization of the CpMAPKs was performed, including evolutionary relationships, conserved domains, gene structures, chromosomal locations, cis-regulatory elements and expression profiles in response to phytohormone and antioxidant organic compound treatments during fruit postharvest ripening. Our findings showed that nearly all CpMAPKs harbored the conserved P-loop, C-loop and activation loop domains. Phylogenetic analysis showed that CpMAPK members could be categorized into four groups (A-D), with the members within the same groups displaying high similarity in protein domains and intron-exon organizations. Moreover, a number of cis-acting elements related to hormone signaling, circadian rhythm, or low-temperature stresses were identified in the promoters of CpMAPKs. Notably, gene expression profiles demonstrated that CpMAPKs exhibited various responses to 2-chloroethylphosphonic acid (ethephon), 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) and the combined ascorbic acid (AsA) and chitosan (CTS) treatments during papaya postharvest ripening. Among them, both CpMAPK9 and CpMAPK20 displayed significant induction in papaya flesh by ethephon treatment, and were pronounced inhibition after AsA and CTS treatments at 16 d compared to those of natural ripening control, suggesting that they potentially involve in fruit postharvest ripening through ethylene signaling pathway or modulating cell wall metabolism. CONCLUSION This study will provide some valuable insights into future functional characterization of CpMAPKs, and hold great potential for further understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying papaya fruit postharvest ripening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengnan Zhu
- Life Science and Technology School, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang, 524048, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuxing Mo
- Life Science and Technology School, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang, 524048, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuyao Yang
- Life Science and Technology School, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang, 524048, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiqi Liang
- Life Science and Technology School, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang, 524048, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuqi Xian
- Life Science and Technology School, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang, 524048, People's Republic of China
| | - Zixin Deng
- Life Science and Technology School, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang, 524048, People's Republic of China
| | - Miaoyu Zhao
- Life Science and Technology School, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang, 524048, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuyi Liu
- Life Science and Technology School, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang, 524048, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaidong Liu
- Life Science and Technology School, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang, 524048, People's Republic of China.
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9
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Zhao W, Wang S, Li W, Shan X, Naeem M, Zhang L, Zhao L. The transcription factor EMB1444-like affects tomato fruit ripening by regulating YELLOW-FRUITED TOMATO 1, a core component of ethylene signaling transduction. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:6563-6574. [PMID: 37555619 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
The fleshy fruit of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) are climacteric and, as such, ethylene plays a pivotal role in their ripening and quality traits. In this study, a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor, EMB1444-like, was found to induce the expression of YELLOW-FRUITED TOMATO 1 (YFT1), which encodes the SlEIN2 protein, a key element in the ethylene signaling pathway. Yeast one-hybrid and EMSA analyses revealed that EMB1444-like binds to the E-box motif (CACTTG, -1295 bp to -1290 bp upstream of the ATG start codon) of the YFT1 promoter (pYFT1). Suppression of EMB1444-like expression in tomato lines (sledl) using RNAi reduced ethylene production by lowering the expression of 1-AMINOCYCLOPROPANE-1-CARBOXYLATE SYNTHASE 2/4 (ACS2/4) and ACC OXIDASE1 (ACO1) in a positive feedback loop. sledl tomato also showed differences in numerous quality traits related to fruit ripening, compared with the wild type, such as delayed chromoplast differentiation, a decrease in carotenoid accumulation, and delayed fruit ripening in an ethylene-independent manner, or at least upstream of ripening mediated by YFT1/SlEIN2. This study elucidates the regulatory framework of fruit ripening in tomato, providing information that may be used to breed tomato hybrid cultivars with an optimal balance of shelf-life, durability, and high quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihua Zhao
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
- Joint Tomato Research Institute, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Shan Wang
- Agriculture Service Center, Kunshan 215300, China
| | - Wenzhen Li
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
- Joint Tomato Research Institute, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xuemeng Shan
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
- Joint Tomato Research Institute, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Muhammad Naeem
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
- Joint Tomato Research Institute, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Lida Zhang
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
- Joint Tomato Research Institute, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Lingxia Zhao
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
- Joint Tomato Research Institute, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
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10
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Zhou L, Gao G, Li X, Wang W, Tian S, Qin G. The pivotal ripening gene SlDML2 participates in regulating disease resistance in tomato. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2023; 21:2291-2306. [PMID: 37466912 PMCID: PMC10579708 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Fruit ripening and disease resistance are two essential biological processes for quality formation and maintenance. DNA methylation, in the form of 5-methylcytosine (5mC), has been elucidated to modulate fruit ripening, but its role in regulating fruit disease resistance remains poorly understood. In this study, we show that mutation of SlDML2, the DNA demethylase gene essential for fruit ripening, affects multiple developmental processes of tomato besides fruit ripening, including seed germination, leaf length and width and flower branching. Intriguingly, loss of SlDML2 function decreased the resistance of tomato fruits against the necrotrophic fungal pathogen Botrytis cinerea. Comparative transcriptomic analysis revealed an obvious transcriptome reprogramming caused by SlDML2 mutation during B. cinerea invasion. Among the thousands of differentially expressed genes, SlβCA3 encoding a β-carbonic anhydrase and SlFAD3 encoding a ω-3 fatty acid desaturase were demonstrated to be transcriptionally activated by SlDML2-mediated DNA demethylation and positively regulate tomato resistance to B. cinerea probably in the same genetic pathway with SlDML2. We further show that the pericarp tissue surrounding B. cinerea infection exhibited a delay in ripening with singnificant decrease in expression of ripening genes that are targeted by SlDML2 and increase in expression of SlβCA3 and SlFAD3. Taken together, our results uncover an essential layer of gene regulation mediated by DNA methylation upon B. cinerea infection and raise the possible that the DNA demethylase gene SlDML2, as a multifunctional gene, participates in modulating the trade-off between fruit ripening and disease resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leilei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- China National Botanical GardenBeijingChina
| | - Guangtong Gao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- China National Botanical GardenBeijingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Xiaojing Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- China National Botanical GardenBeijingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Weihao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- China National Botanical GardenBeijingChina
| | - Shiping Tian
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- China National Botanical GardenBeijingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Guozheng Qin
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- China National Botanical GardenBeijingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
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11
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Herrera-Ubaldo H. The regulatory landscape of RIF-mediated ripening control in strawberry. THE PLANT CELL 2023; 35:3920-3921. [PMID: 37606228 PMCID: PMC10615571 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koad225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Humberto Herrera-Ubaldo
- Assistant Features Editor, The Plant Cell, American Society of Plant Biologists
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EA, UK
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12
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Yu Y, Liufu Y, Ren Y, Zhang J, Li M, Tian S, Wang J, Liao S, Gong G, Zhang H, Guo S. Comprehensive Profiling of Alternative Splicing and Alternative Polyadenylation during Fruit Ripening in Watermelon ( Citrullus lanatus). Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15333. [PMID: 37895011 PMCID: PMC10607834 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Fruit ripening is a highly complicated process that is accompanied by the formation of fruit quality. In recent years, a series of studies have demonstrated post-transcriptional control play important roles in fruit ripening and fruit quality formation. Till now, the post-transcriptional mechanisms for watermelon fruit ripening have not been comprehensively studied. In this study, we conducted PacBio single-molecule long-read sequencing to identify genome-wide alternative splicing (AS), alternative polyadenylation (APA) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in watermelon fruit. In total, 6,921,295 error-corrected and mapped full-length non-chimeric (FLNC) reads were obtained. Notably, more than 42,285 distinct splicing isoforms were derived from 5,891,183 intron-containing full-length FLNC reads, including a large number of AS events associated with fruit ripening. In addition, we characterized 21,506 polyadenylation sites from 11,611 genes, 8703 of which have APA sites. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis showed that fructose and mannose metabolism, starch and sucrose metabolism and carotenoid biosynthesis were both enriched in genes undergoing AS and APA. These results suggest that post-transcriptional regulation might potentially have a key role in regulation of fruit ripening in watermelon. Taken together, our comprehensive PacBio long-read sequencing results offer a valuable resource for watermelon research, and provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the complex regulatory networks of watermelon fruit ripening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongtao Yu
- National Watermelon and Melon Improvement Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), National Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Improvement, Beijing 100097, China (J.W.)
| | - Yuxiang Liufu
- College of Forestry, Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yi Ren
- National Watermelon and Melon Improvement Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), National Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Improvement, Beijing 100097, China (J.W.)
| | - Jie Zhang
- National Watermelon and Melon Improvement Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), National Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Improvement, Beijing 100097, China (J.W.)
| | - Maoying Li
- National Watermelon and Melon Improvement Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), National Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Improvement, Beijing 100097, China (J.W.)
| | - Shouwei Tian
- National Watermelon and Melon Improvement Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), National Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Improvement, Beijing 100097, China (J.W.)
| | - Jinfang Wang
- National Watermelon and Melon Improvement Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), National Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Improvement, Beijing 100097, China (J.W.)
| | - Shengjin Liao
- National Watermelon and Melon Improvement Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), National Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Improvement, Beijing 100097, China (J.W.)
| | - Guoyi Gong
- National Watermelon and Melon Improvement Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), National Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Improvement, Beijing 100097, China (J.W.)
| | - Haiying Zhang
- National Watermelon and Melon Improvement Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), National Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Improvement, Beijing 100097, China (J.W.)
| | - Shaogui Guo
- National Watermelon and Melon Improvement Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), National Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Improvement, Beijing 100097, China (J.W.)
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13
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Sharma M, Negi S, Kumar P, Srivastava DK, Choudhary MK, Irfan M. Fruit ripening under heat stress: The intriguing role of ethylene-mediated signaling. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 335:111820. [PMID: 37549738 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Crop production is significantly influenced by climate, and even minor climate changes can have a substantial impact on crop yields. Rising temperature due to climate change can lead to heat stress (HS) in plants, which not only hinders plant growth and development but also result in significant losses in crop yields. To cope with the different stresses including HS, plants have evolved a variety of adaptive mechanisms. In response to these stresses, phytohormones play a crucial role by generating endogenous signals that regulate the plant's defensive response. Among these, Ethylene (ET), a key phytohormone, stands out as a major regulator of stress responses in plants and regulates many plant traits, which are critical for crop productivity and nutritional quality. ET is also known as a ripening hormone for decades in climacteric fruit and many studies are available deciphering the function of different ET biosynthesis and signaling components in the ripening process. Recent studies suggest that HS significantly affects fruit quality traits and perturbs fruit ripening by altering the regulation of many ethylene biosynthesis and signaling genes resulting in substantial loss of fruit yield, quality, and postharvest stability. Despite the significant progress in this field in recent years the interplay between ET, ripening, and HS is elusive. In this review, we summarized the recent advances and current understanding of ET in regulating the ripening process under HS and explored their crosstalk at physiological and molecular levels to shed light on intricate relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megha Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Dr. Y.S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Shivanti Negi
- Department of Biotechnology, Dr. Y.S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Pankaj Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Dr. Y.S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India.
| | - Dinesh Kumar Srivastava
- Department of Biotechnology, Dr. Y.S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Mani Kant Choudhary
- Department of Biology, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, Little Rock, AR 72204, USA
| | - Mohammad Irfan
- Plant Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
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14
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Ming Y, Jiang L, Ji D. Epigenetic regulation in tomato fruit ripening. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1269090. [PMID: 37780524 PMCID: PMC10539587 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1269090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Fruit ripening is a crucial stage in quality development, influenced by a diverse array of internal and external factors. Among these factors, epigenetic regulation holds significant importance and has garnered substantial research attention in recent years. Here, this review aims to discuss the breakthrough in epigenetic regulation of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruit ripening, including DNA methylation, N6-Methyladenosine mRNA modification, histone demethylation/deacetylation, and non-coding RNA. Through this brief review, we seek to enhance our understanding of the regulatory mechanisms governing tomato fruit ripening, while providing fresh insights for the precise modulation of these mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Libo Jiang
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
| | - Dongchao Ji
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
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15
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Huang X, Sun G, Wu Z, Jiang Y, Li Q, Yi Y, Yan H. Genome-wide identification and expression analyses of the pectate lyase (PL) gene family in Fragaria vesca. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:435. [PMID: 37537572 PMCID: PMC10401794 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09533-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pectate lyase (PL, EC 4.2.2.2), as an endo-acting depolymerizing enzyme, cleaves α-1,4-glycosidic linkages in esterified pectin and involves a broad range of cell wall modifications. However, the knowledge concerning the genome-wide analysis of the PL gene family in Fragaria vesca has not been thoroughly elucidated. RESULTS In this study, sixteen PLs members in F. vesca were identified based on a genome-wide investigation. Substantial divergences existed among FvePLs in gene duplication, cis-acting elements, and tissue expression patterns. Four clusters were classified according to phylogenetic analysis. FvePL6, 8 and 13 in cluster II significantly contributed to the significant expansions during evolution by comparing orthologous PL genes from Malus domestica, Solanum lycopersicum, Arabidopsis thaliana, and Fragaria×ananassa. The cis-acting elements implicated in the abscisic acid signaling pathway were abundant in the regions of FvePLs promoters. The RNA-seq data and in situ hybridization revealed that FvePL1, 4, and 7 exhibited maximum expression in fruits at twenty days after pollination, whereas FvePL8 and FvePL13 were preferentially and prominently expressed in mature anthers and pollens. Additionally, the co-expression networks displayed that FvePLs had tight correlations with transcription factors and genes implicated in plant development, abiotic/biotic stresses, ions/Ca2+, and hormones, suggesting the potential roles of FvePLs during strawberry development. Besides, histological observations suggested that FvePL1, 4 and 7 enhanced cell division and expansion of the cortex, thus negatively influencing fruit firmness. Finally, FvePL1-RNAi reduced leaf size, altered petal architectures, disrupted normal pollen development, and rendered partial male sterility. CONCLUSION These results provide valuable information for characterizing the evolution, expansion, expression patterns and functional analysis, which help to understand the molecular mechanisms of the FvePLs in the development of strawberries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550001, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Development Regulation, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550001, China
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Biodiversity Conservation in Karst Mountainous Areas of Southwestern China, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550001, China
| | - Guilian Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550001, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Development Regulation, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550001, China
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Biodiversity Conservation in Karst Mountainous Areas of Southwestern China, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550001, China
| | - Zongmin Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550001, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Development Regulation, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550001, China
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Biodiversity Conservation in Karst Mountainous Areas of Southwestern China, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550001, China
| | - Yu Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550001, China
| | - Qiaohong Li
- Kiwifruit Breeding and Utilization Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Provincial Academy of Natural Resource Science, Chengdu, 610015, China
| | - Yin Yi
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550001, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Development Regulation, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550001, China
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Biodiversity Conservation in Karst Mountainous Areas of Southwestern China, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550001, China
| | - Huiqing Yan
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550001, China.
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16
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Yue Q, Yang X, Cheng P, He J, Shen W, Li Y, Ma F, Niu C, Guan Q. Heterologous Overexpression of Apple MdKING1 Promotes Fruit Ripening in Tomato. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2848. [PMID: 37571003 PMCID: PMC10421076 DOI: 10.3390/plants12152848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Fruit ripening is governed by a complex regulatory network, and ethylene plays an important role in this process. MdKING1 is a γ subunit of SNF1-related protein kinases (SnRKs), but the function was unclear. Here, we characterized the role of MdKING1 during fruit ripening, which can promote fruit ripening through the ethylene pathway. Our findings reveal that MdKING1 has higher expression in early-ripening cultivars than late-ripening during the early stage of apple fruit development, and its transcription level significantly increased during apple fruit ripening. Overexpression of MdKING1 (MdKING1 OE) in tomatoes could promote early ripening of fruits, with the increase in ethylene content and the loss of fruit firmness. Ethylene inhibitor treatment could delay the fruit ripening of both MdKING1 OE and WT fruits. However, MdKING1 OE fruits turned fruit ripe faster, with an increase in carotenoid content compared with WT. In addition, the expression of genes involved in ethylene biosynthesis (SlACO1, SlACS2, and SlACS4), carotenoid biosynthesis (SlPSY1 and SlGgpps2a), and fruit firmness regulation (SlPG2a, SlPL, and SlCEL2) was also increased in the fruits of MdKING1 OE plants. In conclusion, our results suggest that MdKING1 plays a key role in promoting tomato fruit ripening, thus providing a theoretical basis for apple fruit quality improvement by genetic engineering in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianyu Yue
- Shenzhen Research Institute, Northwest A&F University, Shenzhen 518000, China;
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (X.Y.); (P.C.); (J.H.); (W.S.); (Y.L.); (F.M.)
| | - Xinyue Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (X.Y.); (P.C.); (J.H.); (W.S.); (Y.L.); (F.M.)
| | - Pengda Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (X.Y.); (P.C.); (J.H.); (W.S.); (Y.L.); (F.M.)
| | - Jieqiang He
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (X.Y.); (P.C.); (J.H.); (W.S.); (Y.L.); (F.M.)
| | - Wenyun Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (X.Y.); (P.C.); (J.H.); (W.S.); (Y.L.); (F.M.)
| | - Yixuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (X.Y.); (P.C.); (J.H.); (W.S.); (Y.L.); (F.M.)
| | - Fengwang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (X.Y.); (P.C.); (J.H.); (W.S.); (Y.L.); (F.M.)
| | - Chundong Niu
- Shenzhen Research Institute, Northwest A&F University, Shenzhen 518000, China;
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (X.Y.); (P.C.); (J.H.); (W.S.); (Y.L.); (F.M.)
| | - Qingmei Guan
- Shenzhen Research Institute, Northwest A&F University, Shenzhen 518000, China;
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (X.Y.); (P.C.); (J.H.); (W.S.); (Y.L.); (F.M.)
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17
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Wang W, Wang Y, Chen T, Qin G, Tian S. Current insights into posttranscriptional regulation of fleshy fruit ripening. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 192:1785-1798. [PMID: 36250906 PMCID: PMC10315313 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Fruit ripening is a complicated process that is accompanied by the formation of fruit quality. It is not only regulated at the transcriptional level via transcription factors or DNA methylation but also fine-tuned after transcription occurs. Here, we review recent advances in our understanding of key regulatory mechanisms of fleshy fruit ripening after transcription. We mainly highlight the typical mechanisms by which fruit ripening is controlled, namely, alternative splicing, mRNA N6-methyladenosine RNA modification methylation, and noncoding RNAs at the posttranscriptional level; regulation of translation efficiency and upstream open reading frame-mediated translational repression at the translational level; and histone modifications, protein phosphorylation, and protein ubiquitination at the posttranslational level. Taken together, these posttranscriptional regulatory mechanisms, along with transcriptional regulation, constitute the molecular framework of fruit ripening. We also critically discuss the potential usage of some mechanisms to improve fruit traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Yuying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Tong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Guozheng Qin
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Shiping Tian
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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18
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Feng S, Jiang X, Wang R, Tan H, Zhong L, Cheng Y, Bao M, Qiao H, Zhang F. Histone H3K4 methyltransferase DcATX1 promotes ethylene induced petal senescence in carnation. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 192:546-564. [PMID: 36623846 PMCID: PMC10152666 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Petal senescence is controlled by a complex regulatory network. Epigenetic regulation like histone modification influences chromatin state and gene expression. However, the involvement of histone methylation in regulating petal senescence remains poorly understood. Here, we found that the trimethylation of histone H3 at Lysine 4 (H3K4me3) is increased during ethylene-induced petal senescence in carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.). H3K4me3 levels were positively associated with the expression of transcription factor DcWRKY75, ethylene biosynthetic genes 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) synthase (DcACS1), and ACC oxidase (DcACO1), and senescence associated genes (SAGs) DcSAG12 and DcSAG29. Further, we identified that carnation ARABIDOPSIS HOMOLOG OF TRITHORAX1 (DcATX1) encodes a histone lysine methyltransferase which can methylate H3K4. Knockdown of DcATX1 delayed ethylene-induced petal senescence in carnation, which was associated with the down-regulated expression of DcWRKY75, DcACO1, and DcSAG12, whereas overexpression of DcATX1 exhibited the opposite effects. DcATX1 promoted the transcription of DcWRKY75, DcACO1, and DcSAG12 by elevating the H3K4me3 levels within their promoters. Overall, our results demonstrate that DcATX1 is a H3K4 methyltransferase that promotes the expression of DcWRKY75, DcACO1, DcSAG12 and potentially other downstream target genes by regulating H3K4me3 levels, thereby accelerating ethylene-induced petal senescence in carnation. This study further indicates that epigenetic regulation is important for plant senescence processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Feng
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
- National R&D Center for Citrus Postharvest Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xinyu Jiang
- State key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Ruiming Wang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
- National R&D Center for Citrus Postharvest Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hualiang Tan
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
- National R&D Center for Citrus Postharvest Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Linlin Zhong
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- National R&D Center for Citrus Postharvest Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yunjiang Cheng
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
- National R&D Center for Citrus Postharvest Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Manzhu Bao
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- The Institute of Flowers Research, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Huazhong Urban Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hong Qiao
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Fan Zhang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
- National R&D Center for Citrus Postharvest Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- The Institute of Flowers Research, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Huazhong Urban Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
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19
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Tonutti P, Brizzolara S, Beckles DM. Reducing crop losses by gene-editing control of organ developmental physiology. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2023; 81:102925. [PMID: 37003167 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2023.102925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Some physiological processes in reproductive organs, if not controlled, can lead to crop loss even in the absence of environmental stress. These processes may occur pre- or post- harvest, and in diverse species and include abscission processes in cereal grain, e.g., shattering and in immature fruit, e.g., preharvest drop, preharvest sprouting of cereals, and postharvest senescence in fruit. Some of the molecular mechanisms and genetic determinants underlying these processes are now better detailed, making it possible to refine them by gene editing. Here, we discuss using advanced genomics to identify genetic determinants underlying crop physiological traits. Examples of improved phenotypes developed for preharvest problems are provided, and suggestions for reducing postharvest fruit losses by gene and promoter editing were made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Tonutti
- Crop Science Research Center, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Stefano Brizzolara
- Crop Science Research Center, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Diane M Beckles
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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20
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Jiang L, Chen X, Gu X, Deng M, Li X, Zhou A, Suo M, Gao W, Lin Y, Wang Y, He W, Li M, Chen Q, Zhang Y, Luo Y, Wang X, Tang H, Zhang Y. Light Quality and Sucrose-Regulated Detached Ripening of Strawberry with Possible Involvement of Abscisic Acid and Auxin Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065681. [PMID: 36982763 PMCID: PMC10058270 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The regulation of detached ripening is significant for prolonging fruit shelf life. Although light quality and sucrose affecting strawberry fruit ripening have been widely reported, little information is available about how they co-regulate the strawberry detached ripening process. In this study, different light qualities (red light—RL, blue light—BL, and white light—WL) and 100 mM sucrose were applied to regulate the ripening of initial red fruits detached from the plant. The results showed RL-treated samples (RL + H2O, RL + 100 mM sucrose) had brighter and purer skin color with a higher L*, b*, and C* value, and promoted the ascorbic acid. Almost all light treatments significantly decreased TSS/TA (total soluble solid/titratable acid) and soluble sugar/TA ratio, which is exacerbated by the addition of sucrose. Blue or red light in combination with sucrose notably increased total phenolic content and decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation. In addition, blue or red light combined with sucrose increased abscisic acid (ABA) content and promoted ABA signaling by inducing ABA-INSENSITIVE 4 (ABI4) expression and inhibiting SUCROSE NONFERMENTING1-RELATED PROTEIN KINASE 2.6 (SnRK2.6) expression. The strawberries exposed to blue and red light significantly improved auxin (IAA) content compared to the control (0 d), whereas the addition of sucrose inhibited IAA accumulation. Moreover, sucrose treatment suppressed the AUXIN/INDOLE-3-ACETIC ACID 11 (AUX/IAA11) and AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR 6 (ARF6) expression under different light qualities. Overall, these results indicated that RL/BL + 100 mM sucrose might promote the detached ripening of strawberries by regulating abscisic acid and auxin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leiyu Jiang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xinpeng Chen
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xianjie Gu
- Mianyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Mianyang 621000, China
| | - Meiyi Deng
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xiaotong Li
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Aiyang Zhou
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Mengyue Suo
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Weiliang Gao
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yuanxiu Lin
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yan Wang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Wen He
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Mengyao Li
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Qing Chen
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Ya Luo
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xiaorong Wang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Haoru Tang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Correspondence: (H.T.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yunting Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Correspondence: (H.T.); (Y.Z.)
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21
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Zhao X, Zeng L, Wang J, Shi Y, Zhang B, Liu Y, Pan Y, Li X. Quantitative N-Glycomic and N-Glycoproteomic Profiling of Peach [ Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] during Fruit Ripening. J Proteome Res 2023; 22:885-895. [PMID: 36725203 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.2c00662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Being part of the human diet, peach is an important fruit consumed worldwide. In the present study, a systematic first insight into the N-glycosylation of peach fruit during ripening was provided. First, N-glycome by reactive matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry indicated that 6 of 24 N-glycans of peach were differentially expressed. Second, a comparative N-glycoproteome was characterized via 18O-tagged N-glycosylation site labeling followed by nano-liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (nLC-ESI-MS/MS). Totally 1464 N-glycosites on 881 N-glycoproteins were identified, among which 291 N-glycosites on 237 N-glycoproteins were expressed differentially with a fold change value of 1.5 or 0.67. The enrichment analysis of GO and KEGG revealed that four pathways including other glycan degradation, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism, and protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum were mainly enriched, in which several important N-glycoproteins with dynamic change during fruit ripening were further screened out. Our findings on a large scale for N-glycosylation analysis of peach fruit during ripening may provide new molecular insights for comprehending N-glycoprotein functions, which should be of great interest to both glycobiologists and analytical chemists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyong Zhao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Lin Zeng
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yanna Shi
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yaqin Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Yuanjiang Pan
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Xian Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Xiao Z, Tyerman SD, Stait-Gardner T, Price WS, Pagay V, Schmidtke LM, Rogiers SY. Characterisation of internal oxygen concentration of strawberry ( Fragaria × ananassa) and blueberry ( Vaccinium corymbosum). FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2023; 50:256-265. [PMID: 36521497 DOI: 10.1071/fp21259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Gas exchange mechanisms play crucial roles in maintaining fruit post-harvest quality in perishable fruit such as strawberry (Fragaria×ananassa Duch.) and blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.). The internal oxygen concentration ([O2 ]) of strawberry and blueberry were measured using Clark-type oxygen sensing electrodes. The volume of intercellular voids in strawberry was obtained by micro-computed tomography (micro-CT). In both berries, internal [O2 ] was consistent and relatively high across measured tissues. The overall [O2 ] was well above the Michaelis constant (K m ) for cytochrome c oxidase in both fruit and different from previously examined grape (Vitis vinifera L.) berry mesocarp with near zero minimum [O2 ]. In strawberry and blueberry, cell vitality was also maintained at full maturity in the mesocarp. Higher storage temperature (i.e. 20 vs 4°C) reduced internal [O2 ] of strawberry. Pedicel detachment in blueberry was associated with greater fruit dehydration and lower internal [O2 ] after short-term storage of 12h. The results suggest that the intercellular voids of the fruit's mesocarp provide an efficient gas exchange route for maintaining high fruit internal [O2 ] post-harvest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyu Xiao
- Australian Research Council Training Centre for Innovative Wine Production, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia; and Gulbali Institute, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia; and Nanoscale Organisation and Dynamics Group, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
| | - Stephen D Tyerman
- Australian Research Council Training Centre for Innovative Wine Production, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia; and Gulbali Institute, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia; and Department of Wine Science and Waite Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Timothy Stait-Gardner
- Nanoscale Organisation and Dynamics Group, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
| | - William S Price
- Nanoscale Organisation and Dynamics Group, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
| | - Vinay Pagay
- Australian Research Council Training Centre for Innovative Wine Production, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia; and Department of Wine Science and Waite Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Leigh M Schmidtke
- Australian Research Council Training Centre for Innovative Wine Production, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia; and Gulbali Institute, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia
| | - Suzy Y Rogiers
- Australian Research Council Training Centre for Innovative Wine Production, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia; and Gulbali Institute, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia; and Nanoscale Organisation and Dynamics Group, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia; and New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Wollongbar, NSW 2477, Australia
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23
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Jiang K, Guo H, Zhai J. Interplay of phytohormones and epigenetic regulation: A recipe for plant development and plasticity. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 65:381-398. [PMID: 36223083 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Both phytohormone signaling and epigenetic mechanisms have long been known to play crucial roles in plant development and plasticity in response to ambient stimuli. Indeed, diverse signaling pathways mediated by phytohormones and epigenetic processes integrate multiple upstream signals to regulate various plant traits. Emerging evidence indicates that phytohormones and epigenetic processes interact at multiple levels. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of the interplay between phytohormones and epigenetic processes from the perspective of phytohormone biology. We also review chemical regulators used in epigenetic studies and propose strategies for developing novel regulators using multidisciplinary approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Jiang
- Institute of Plant and Food Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular Design for Plant Cell Factory of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Hongwei Guo
- Institute of Plant and Food Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular Design for Plant Cell Factory of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Jixian Zhai
- Institute of Plant and Food Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular Design for Plant Cell Factory of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, 518055, China
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24
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Ma Z, Ma L, Zhou J. Applications of CRISPR/Cas genome editing in economically important fruit crops: recent advances and future directions. MOLECULAR HORTICULTURE 2023; 3:1. [PMID: 37789479 PMCID: PMC10515014 DOI: 10.1186/s43897-023-00049-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Fruit crops, consist of climacteric and non-climacteric fruits, are the major sources of nutrients and fiber for human diet. Since 2013, CRISPR/Cas (Clustered Regularly Interspersed Short Palindromic Repeats and CRISPR-Associated Protein) genome editing system has been widely employed in different plants, leading to unprecedented progress in the genetic improvement of many agronomically important fruit crops. Here, we summarize latest advancements in CRISPR/Cas genome editing of fruit crops, including efforts to decipher the mechanisms behind plant development and plant immunity, We also highlight the potential challenges and improvements in the application of genome editing tools to fruit crops, including optimizing the expression of CRISPR/Cas cassette, improving the delivery efficiency of CRISPR/Cas reagents, increasing the specificity of genome editing, and optimizing the transformation and regeneration system. In addition, we propose the perspectives on the application of genome editing in crop breeding especially in fruit crops and highlight the potential challenges. It is worth noting that efforts to manipulate fruit crops with genome editing systems are urgently needed for fruit crops breeding and demonstration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimin Ma
- Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Weifang, 261000, Shandong, China
| | - Lijing Ma
- Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Weifang, 261000, Shandong, China
| | - Junhui Zhou
- Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Weifang, 261000, Shandong, China.
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25
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Wang Y, Kong L, Wang W, Qin G. Global ubiquitinome analysis reveals the role of E3 ubiquitin ligase FaBRIZ in strawberry fruit ripening. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:214-232. [PMID: 36215033 PMCID: PMC9786855 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Ubiquitination is an important post-translational modification that mediates protein degradation in eukaryotic cells, participating in multiple biological processes. However, the profiling of protein ubiquitination and the function of this crucial modification in fruit ripening remain largely unknown. In this study, we found that suppression of proteasome by the inhibitor MG132 retarded strawberry fruit ripening. Using K-ɛ-GG antibody enrichment combined with high-resolution mass spectrometry, we performed a comprehensive ubiquitinome analysis in strawberry fruit. We identified 2947 ubiquitination sites for 2878 peptides within 1487 proteins, which are involved in a variety of cellular functions. The lysine at position 48 (K48)-linked poly-ubiquitin chains appeared to be the most prevalent type of modification among the identified ubiquitinated proteins. A large number of ubiquitination sites exhibited altered ubiquitination levels after proteasome inhibition, including those within ripening-related proteins associated with sugar and acid metabolism, cell wall metabolism, anthocyanin synthesis, and ABA biosynthesis and signalling. We further demonstrated that FaBRIZ, a RING-type E3 ligase, functions as a negative regulator of ripening in strawberry fruit. Our findings highlight the critical regulatory roles of protein ubiquitination in fruit ripening. The ubiquitinome data provide a basis for further exploration of the function of ubiquitination on specific proteins.
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26
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Liu F, Dou T, Hu C, Zhong Q, Sheng O, Yang Q, Deng G, He W, Gao H, Li C, Dong T, Liu S, Yi G, Bi F. WRKY transcription factor MaWRKY49 positively regulates pectate lyase genes during fruit ripening of Musa acuminata. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 194:643-650. [PMID: 36535104 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Fruit ripening is the last phase of fruit growth and development. The initiation and progression of fruit ripening are highly modulated by a plethora of key genes, such as transcription factor (TF) genes. The WRKY gene family is a large group of TFs that play important roles in various cellular processes; nevertheless, the role of WRKY TF on fruit ripening remains enigmatic. Here, we report that a banana WRKY TF, MaWRKY49 functions in ethylene-induced fruit ripening by modulating the expression of fruit softening-related genes. We found that the expression of MaWRKY49 is highly induced by ethephon and inhibited by 1-methylcyclopropene, which is synchronous with the ripening process. Moreover, based on transcriptome data on fruit ripening, two pectate lyase (PL) genes that are involved in fruit softening were determined, and their expression pattern is also consistent with the fruit ripening process. Yeast one-hybrid and dual-luciferase assay confirmed that MaWRKY49 activated the transcription of two PL genes. In addition, transient overexpression of MaWRKY49 in banana fruits can apparently accelerate fruit ripening processs. Taken together, our findings indicate that MaWRKY49 acts as a potential modulator of fruit ripening by direct regulation of PL expression. This work contributes to developing the technology for improving the shelf-life of banana fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Liu
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research, Guangzhou, China; College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tongxin Dou
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunhua Hu
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiufeng Zhong
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research, Guangzhou, China; College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ou Sheng
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiaosong Yang
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guiming Deng
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weidi He
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huijun Gao
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunyu Li
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tao Dong
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research, Guangzhou, China
| | - Siwen Liu
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ganjun Yi
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Fangcheng Bi
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research, Guangzhou, China.
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27
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Albornoz K, Zhou J, Yu J, Beckles DM. Dissecting postharvest chilling injury through biotechnology. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2022; 78:102790. [PMID: 36116331 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2022.102790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Paradoxically, refrigerating many fruits and vegetables destroys their quality, and may even accelerate their spoilage. This phenomenon, known as postharvest chilling injury (PCI), affects produce from tropical and subtropical regions and leads to economic and postharvest loss and waste. Low temperatures are used to pause the physiological processes associated with senescence, but upon rewarming, these processes may resume at an accelerated rate. Chilling-injured produce may be discarded for not meeting consumer expectations or may prematurely deteriorate. In this review, we describe progress made in identifying the cellular and molecular processes underlying PCI, and point to advances in biotechnological approaches for ameliorating symptoms. Further, we identify the gaps in knowledge that must be bridged to develop effective solutions to PCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Albornoz
- Departamento de Produccion Vegetal, Facultad de Agronomia, Universidad de Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile
| | - Jiaqi Zhou
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Jingwei Yu
- SUSTech-PKU Joint Institute of Plant and Food Science, Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Diane M Beckles
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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28
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Yang Y, Wu C, Shan W, Wei W, Zhao Y, Kuang J, Chen J, Jiang Y, Lu W. Mitogen-activated protein kinase 14-mediated phosphorylation of MaMYB4 negatively regulates banana fruit ripening. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2022; 10:uhac243. [PMID: 36643754 PMCID: PMC9832833 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhac243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK/MPK) cascades play crucial parts in plant growth, development processes, immune ability, and stress responses; however, the regulatory mechanism by which MAPK affects fruit ripening remains largely unexplored. Here, we reported that MaMPK14 cooperated with MaMYB4 to mediate postharvest banana fruit ripening. Transient overexpression of individual MaMPK14 and MaMYB4 in banana fruit delayed fruit ripening, confirming the negative roles in the ripening. The ripening negative regulator MaMYB4 could repress the transcription of genes associated with ethylene biosynthesis and fruit softening, such as MaACS1, MaXTH5, MaPG3, and MaEXPA15. Furthermore, MaMPK14 phosphorylated MaMYB4 at Ser160 via a direct interaction. Mutation at Ser160 of MaMYB4 reduced its interaction with MaMPK14 but did not affect its subcellular localization. Importantly, phosphorylation of MaMYB4 by MaMPK14 enhanced the MaMYB4-mediated transcriptional inhibition, binding strength, protein stability, and the repression of fruit ripening. Taken together, our results delineated the regulation pathway of MAPK module during banana fruit ripening, which involved the phosphorylation modification of MaMYB4 mediated by MaMPK14.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Wei Shan
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables/Engineering Research Center of Southern Horticultural Products Preservation, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Wei Wei
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables/Engineering Research Center of Southern Horticultural Products Preservation, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yating Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables/Engineering Research Center of Southern Horticultural Products Preservation, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jianfei Kuang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables/Engineering Research Center of Southern Horticultural Products Preservation, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jianye Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables/Engineering Research Center of Southern Horticultural Products Preservation, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yueming Jiang
- South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Wangjin Lu
- Corresponding author. Email address: (W. Lu). Telephone: +86-020-85285527. Fax: +86-020-85285527
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Irfan M, Kumar P, Kumar V, Datta A. Fruit ripening specific expression of β-D-N-acetylhexosaminidase (β-Hex) gene in tomato is transcriptionally regulated by ethylene response factor SlERF.E4. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 323:111380. [PMID: 35842058 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
N-glycans and N-glycan processing enzymes are key players in regulating the ripening of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruits, a model for fleshy fruit ripening. β-D-N-acetylhexosaminidase (β-Hex) is a N-glycan processing enzyme involved in fruit ripening. The suppression of β-Hex results in enhanced fruit shelf life and firmness in both climacteric and non-climacteric fruits. Previously, we have shown that ripening specific expression of β-Hex is regulated by RIPENING INHIBITOR (RIN), ABSCISIC ACID STRESS RIPENING 1 (SlASR1) and ethylene. However, the precise mechanism of ethylene-mediated regulation of β-Hex remains elusive. To gain insights into this, we have performed 5' deletion mapping of tomato β-Hex promoter and a shorter promoter fragment (pD-200, 200 bp upstream to translational start site) is identified, which was found critical for spatio-temporal transcriptional regulation of β-Hex. Further, site specific mutagenesis in RIN and ASR1 binding sites in pD-200 provides key insights into ripening specific promoter activity. Furthermore, induction of GUS activity by ethylene, yeast one hybrid assay and EMSA identify Ethylene Response Factor SlERF.E4 as a positive regulator of β-Hex. Taken together, our study suggest that SlERF.E4 together with RIN and SlASR1 transcriptionally regulates β-Hex and all these three proteins are essential for fruit ripening specific expression of β-Hex in tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Irfan
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India; Plant Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA.
| | - Pankaj Kumar
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India; Department of Biotechnology, Dr. Y.S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Vinay Kumar
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India; Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Asis Datta
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India.
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Li D, Liu B, Wang Z, Li X, Sun S, Ma C, Wang L, Wang S. Sugar accumulation may be regulated by a transcriptional cascade of ABA-VvGRIP55-VvMYB15-VvSWEET15 in grape berries under root restriction. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 322:111288. [PMID: 35717774 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In the southern of China, precipitation is abundant during the grape growing season, which results in lower sugar content, and finally reduces the quality and yield of grape berries and leads to lower economic benefits. The root restriction cultivation method is an important abiotic stress that limits the disordered growth and development of roots, and it favors the accumulation of sugar and abscisic acid. However, the relationship between ABA and sugar accumulation under root restriction remains unclear. Here, we tested the expression levels of several transcription factors and sugar metabolism-related genes and found that root restriction cultivation could induce higher expression of VvMYB15 and VvSWEET15. The VvMYB15 transcription factor was found to bind to the promoter of VvSWEET15 and activate its expression, furthermore, transient overexpression of VvMYB15 in strawberry fruits and grape berries can promote sugar accumulation and increase the expression level of sugar metabolism-related genes, indicating that VvMYB15 is a positive regulator of sugar accumulation. In addition, the endogenous ABA content and expression level of VvGRIP55, which is highly responsive to ABA, were significantly increased under root restriction, and VvGRIP55 could bind to the promoter of VvMYB15 and activate its expression. Therefore, our results demonstrated that the ABA-responsive factor VvGRIP55 can promote sugar accumulation through VvMYB15 and VvSWEET15, suggesting a mechanism by which ABA regulates sugar accumulation under root restriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Li
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Boyang Liu
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zhenping Wang
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China
| | - Xiangyi Li
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Sijie Sun
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Chao Ma
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Shiping Wang
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; Institute of Agro-food Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Agro-products Processing Technology of Shandong, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
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31
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Gao Y, Lin Y, Xu M, Bian H, Zhang C, Wang J, Wang H, Xu Y, Niu Q, Zuo J, Fu DQ, Pan Y, Chen K, Klee H, Lang Z, Zhang B. The role and interaction between transcription factor NAC-NOR and DNA demethylase SlDML2 in the biosynthesis of tomato fruit flavor volatiles. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 235:1913-1926. [PMID: 35686614 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Flavor-imparting volatile chemicals accumulate as fruits ripen, making major contributions to taste. The NAC transcription factor nonripening (NAC-NOR) and DNA demethylase 2 (SlDML2) are essential for tomato fruit ripening, but details of the potential roles and the relationship between these two regulators in the synthesis of volatiles are lacking. Here, we show substantial reductions in fatty acid and carotenoid-derived volatiles in tomato slnor and sldml2 mutants. An unexpected finding is the redundancy and divergence in volatile profiles, biosynthetic gene expression, and DNA methylation in slnor and sldml2 mutants relative to wild-type tomato fruit. Reduced transcript levels are accompanied by hypermethylation of promoters, including the NAC-NOR target gene lipoxygenase (SlLOXC) that is involved in fatty acid-derived volatile synthesis. Interestingly, NAC-NOR activates SlDML2 expression by directly binding to its promoter both in vitro and in vivo. Meanwhile, reduced NAC-NOR expression in the sldml2 mutant is accompanied by hypermethylation of its promoter. These results reveal a relationship between SlDML2-mediated DNA demethylation and NAC-NOR during tomato fruit ripening. In addition to providing new insights into the metabolic modulation of flavor volatiles, the outcome of our study contributes to understanding the genetics and control of fruit ripening and quality attributes in tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Gao
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yujing Lin
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, and National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Center of Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Min Xu
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Hanxiao Bian
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jingyu Wang
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Hanqing Wang
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yaping Xu
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, and National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Center of Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Qingfeng Niu
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, and National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Center of Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jinhua Zuo
- Institute of Agri-food Processing and Nutrition, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Da-Qi Fu
- Laboratory of Fruit Biology, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yu Pan
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountainous Regions, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Kunsong Chen
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Harry Klee
- Horticultural Sciences, Genetic Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Zhaobo Lang
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, and National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Center of Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058, China
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Solanum lycopersicum, a Model Plant for the Studies in Developmental Biology, Stress Biology and Food Science. Foods 2022; 11:foods11162402. [PMID: 36010400 PMCID: PMC9407197 DOI: 10.3390/foods11162402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Fruits, vegetables and other plant-derived foods contribute important ingredients for human diets, and are thus favored by consumers worldwide. Among these horticultural crops, tomato belongs to the Solanaceae family, ranks only secondary to potato (S. tuberosum L.) in yields and is widely cultivated for fresh fruit and processed foods owing to its abundant nutritional constituents (including vitamins, dietary fibers, antioxidants and pigments). Aside from its important economic and nutritional values, tomato is also well received as a model species for the studies on many fundamental biological events, including regulations on flowering, shoot apical meristem maintenance, fruit ripening, as well as responses to abiotic and biotic stresses (such as light, salinity, temperature and various pathogens). Moreover, tomato also provides abundant health-promoting secondary metabolites (flavonoids, phenolics, alkaloids, etc.), making it an excellent source and experimental system for investigating nutrient biosynthesis and availability in food science. Here, we summarize some latest results on these aspects, which may provide some references for further investigations on developmental biology, stress signaling and food science.
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Wang J, Tian S, Yu Y, Ren Y, Guo S, Zhang J, Li M, Zhang H, Gong G, Wang M, Xu Y. Natural variation in the NAC transcription factor NONRIPENING contributes to melon fruit ripening. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 64:1448-1461. [PMID: 35568969 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The NAC transcription factor NONRIPENING (NOR) is a master regulator of climacteric fruit ripening. Melon (Cucumis melo L.) has climacteric and non-climacteric fruit ripening varieties and is an ideal model to study fruit ripening. Two natural CmNAC-NOR variants, the climacteric haplotype CmNAC-NORS,N and the non-climacteric haplotype CmNAC-NORA,S , have effects on fruit ripening; however, their regulatory mechanisms have not been elucidated. Here, we report that a natural mutation in the transcriptional activation domain of CmNAC-NORS,N contributes to climacteric melon fruit ripening. CmNAC-NOR knockout in the climacteric-type melon cultivar "BYJH" completely inhibited fruit ripening, while ripening was delayed by 5-8 d in heterozygous cmnac-nor mutant fruits. CmNAC-NOR directly activated carotenoid, ethylene, and abscisic acid biosynthetic genes to promote fruit coloration and ripening. Furthermore, CmNAC-NOR mediated the transcription of the "CmNAC-NOR-CmNAC73-CmCWINV2" module to enhance flesh sweetness. The transcriptional activation activity of the climacteric haplotype CmNAC-NORS,N on these target genes was significantly higher than that of the non-climacteric haplotype CmNAC-NORA,S . Moreover, CmNAC-NORS,N complementation fully rescued the non-ripening phenotype of the tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) cr-nor mutant, while CmNAC-NORA,S did not. Our results provide insight into the molecular mechanism of climacteric and non-climacteric fruit ripening in melon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfang Wang
- National Watermelon and Melon Improvement Center, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Improvement, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Shouwei Tian
- National Watermelon and Melon Improvement Center, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Improvement, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Yongtao Yu
- National Watermelon and Melon Improvement Center, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Improvement, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Yi Ren
- National Watermelon and Melon Improvement Center, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Improvement, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Shaogui Guo
- National Watermelon and Melon Improvement Center, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Improvement, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- National Watermelon and Melon Improvement Center, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Improvement, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Maoying Li
- National Watermelon and Melon Improvement Center, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Improvement, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Haiying Zhang
- National Watermelon and Melon Improvement Center, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Improvement, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Guoyi Gong
- National Watermelon and Melon Improvement Center, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Improvement, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Min Wang
- Sanya Institute, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 572025, China
| | - Yong Xu
- National Watermelon and Melon Improvement Center, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Improvement, Beijing, 100097, China
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Chen X, Wang C, He B, Wan Z, Zhao Y, Hu F, Lv Y. Transcriptome Profiling of Transposon-Derived Long Non-coding RNAs Response to Hormone in Strawberry Fruit Development. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:915569. [PMID: 35783970 PMCID: PMC9244616 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.915569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Strawberry is an economically grown horticulture crop required for fruit consumption. The ripening of its fruit is a complex biological process regulated by various hormones. Abscisic acid (ABA) is a critical phytohormone involved in fruit ripening. However, little is known about the long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs), especially transposon-derived LncRNA (TE-lncRNA), response to hormones during fruit ripening in octoploid strawberry. In the study, the transcriptome data of developing strawberry fruits treated with ABA and its inhibitor Nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NGDA) were analyzed to identify responsive LncRNAs and coding genes. A total of 14,552 LncRNAs were identified, including 8,617 transposon-derived LncRNAs (TE-LncRNAs), 412 LncRNAs (282 TE-LncRNAs), and 382 ABA-sensitive LncRNAs (231 TE-LncRNAs). Additionally, a weighted co-expression network analysis constructed 27 modules containing coding RNAs and LncRNAs. Seven modules, including "MEdarkorange" and "MElightyellow" were significantly correlated with ABA/NDGA treatments, resulting in 247 hub genes, including 21 transcription factors and 22 LncRNAs (15 TE-LncRNAs). Gene ontology enrichment analysis further revealed that ABA/NDGA-responsive modules, including LncRNAs, were associated with various metabolic pathways involved in strawberry fruit development and ripening, including lipid metabolism, organic acid metabolism, and phenylpropanoid metabolism. The current study identifies many high-confidence LncRNAs in strawberry, with a percentage of them being ABA pathway-specific and 22 hub-responsive LncRNAs, providing new insight into strawberry or other Rosaceae crop fruit ripening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- School of Agronomy and Horticulture, Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forest, Zhenjiang, China
- Engineering and Technical Center for Modern Horticulture, Jurong, China
| | - Chengdong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biology and Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Bing He
- Excellence and Innovation Center, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Zifan Wan
- School of Agronomy and Horticulture, Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forest, Zhenjiang, China
- Engineering and Technical Center for Modern Horticulture, Jurong, China
| | - Yukun Zhao
- School of Agronomy and Horticulture, Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forest, Zhenjiang, China
- Engineering and Technical Center for Modern Horticulture, Jurong, China
| | - Fengqin Hu
- Excellence and Innovation Center, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuanda Lv
- Excellence and Innovation Center, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
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Yu Y, Guo S, Ren Y, Zhang J, Li M, Tian S, Wang J, Sun H, Zuo Y, Chen Y, Gong G, Zhang H, Xu Y. Quantitative Transcriptomic and Proteomic Analysis of Fruit Development and Ripening in Watermelon ( Citrullus lanatus). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:818392. [PMID: 35392508 PMCID: PMC8980866 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.818392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Fruit ripening is a highly complicated process, which is modulated by phytohormones, signal regulators and environmental factors playing in an intricate network that regulates ripening-related genes expression. Although transcriptomics is an effective tool to predict protein levels, protein abundances are also extensively affected by post-transcriptional and post-translational regulations. Here, we used RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and tandem mass tag (TMT)-based quantitative proteomics to study the comprehensive mRNA and protein expression changes during fruit development and ripening in watermelon, a non-climacteric fruit. A total of 6,226 proteins were quantified, and the large number of quantitative proteins is comparable to proteomic studies in model organisms such as Oryza sativa L. and Arabidopsis. Base on our proteome methodology, integrative analysis of the transcriptome and proteome showed that the mRNA and protein levels were poorly correlated, and the correlation coefficients decreased during fruit ripening. Proteomic results showed that proteins involved in alternative splicing and the ubiquitin proteasome pathway were dynamically expressed during ripening. Furthermore, the spliceosome and proteasome were significantly enriched by Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis, suggesting that post-transcriptional and post-translational mechanisms might play important roles in regulation of fruit ripening-associated genes expression, which might account for the poor correlation between mRNAs and proteins during fruit ripening. Our comprehensive transcriptomic and proteomic data offer a valuable resource for watermelon research, and provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the complex regulatory networks of fruit ripening.
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Wu CJ, Shan W, Liu XC, Zhu LS, Wei W, Yang YY, Guo YF, Bouzayen M, Chen JY, Lu WJ, Kuang JF. Phosphorylation of transcription factor bZIP21 by MAP kinase MPK6-3 enhances banana fruit ripening. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 188:1665-1685. [PMID: 34792564 PMCID: PMC8896643 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Ripening of fleshy fruits involves both diverse post-translational modifications (PTMs) and dynamic transcriptional reprogramming, but the interconnection between PTMs, such as protein phosphorylation and transcriptional regulation, in fruit ripening remains to be deciphered. Here, we conducted a phosphoproteomic analysis during banana (Musa acuminata) ripening and identified 63 unique phosphopeptides corresponding to 49 proteins. Among them, a Musa acuminata basic leucine zipper transcription factor21 (MabZIP21) displayed elevated phosphorylation level in the ripening stage. MabZIP21 transcript and phosphorylation abundance increased during banana ripening. Genome-wide MabZIP21 DNA binding assays revealed MabZIP21-regulated functional genes contributing to banana ripening, and electrophoretic mobility shift assay, chromatin immunoprecipitation coupled with quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and dual-luciferase reporter analyses demonstrated that MabZIP21 stimulates the transcription of a subset of ripening-related genes via directly binding to their promoters. Moreover, MabZIP21 can be phosphorylated by MaMPK6-3, which plays a role in banana ripening, and T318 and S436 are important phosphorylation sites. Protein phosphorylation enhanced MabZIP21-mediated transcriptional activation ability, and transient overexpression of the phosphomimetic form of MabZIP21 accelerated banana fruit ripening. Additionally, MabZIP21 enlarges its role in transcriptional regulation by activating the transcription of both MaMPK6-3 and itself. Taken together, this study reveals an important machinery of protein phosphorylation in banana fruit ripening in which MabZIP21 is a component of the complex phosphorylation pathway linking the upstream signal mediated by MaMPK6-3 with transcriptional controlling of a subset of ripening-associated genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Jie Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables/Engineering Research Center of Southern Horticultural Products Preservation, Ministry of Education/Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Horticultural Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Wei Shan
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables/Engineering Research Center of Southern Horticultural Products Preservation, Ministry of Education/Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Horticultural Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xun-Cheng Liu
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Li-Sha Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables/Engineering Research Center of Southern Horticultural Products Preservation, Ministry of Education/Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Horticultural Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Wei Wei
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables/Engineering Research Center of Southern Horticultural Products Preservation, Ministry of Education/Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Horticultural Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Ying-Ying Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables/Engineering Research Center of Southern Horticultural Products Preservation, Ministry of Education/Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Horticultural Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yu-Fan Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables/Engineering Research Center of Southern Horticultural Products Preservation, Ministry of Education/Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Horticultural Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Mondher Bouzayen
- Génomique et Biotechnologie des Fruits, Université de Toulouse, INRA, Castanet-Tolosan 31320, France
| | - Jian-Ye Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables/Engineering Research Center of Southern Horticultural Products Preservation, Ministry of Education/Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Horticultural Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Wang-Jin Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables/Engineering Research Center of Southern Horticultural Products Preservation, Ministry of Education/Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Horticultural Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jian-Fei Kuang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables/Engineering Research Center of Southern Horticultural Products Preservation, Ministry of Education/Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Horticultural Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
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Wu S, Wu D, Song J, Zhang Y, Tan Q, Yang T, Yang J, Wang S, Xu J, Xu W, Liu A. Metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses reveal new insights into the role of abscisic acid in modulating mango fruit ripening. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2022; 9:uhac102. [PMID: 35795388 PMCID: PMC9250656 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhac102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Mango (Mangifera indica L.) is a climacteric tropical fruit consumed around the world. Although ethylene and abscisic acid (ABA) have been considered to be stimulators that trigger mango fruit ripening, their regulation mechanisms in modulating mango fruit ripening remain uncertain. In this study, we performed integrative analyses of metabolome and transcriptome data combined with a series of physiological and experimental analyses in the 'Keitt' mango, and we characterized changes in accumulation of specific metabolites at different stages during fruit development and ripening, which were strongly correlated with transcriptional changes and embodied physiological changes as well as taste formation. Specifically, we found that ABA, rather than ethylene, was highly associated with mango ripening, and exogenous ABA application promoted mango fruit ripening. Transcriptomic analysis identified diverse ripening-related genes involved in sugar and carotenoid biosynthesis and softening-related metabolic processes. Furthermore, networks of ABA- and ripening-related genes (such as MiHY5, MiGBF4, MiABI5, and MibZIP9) were constructed, and the direct regulation by the key ABA-responsive transcription factor MiHY5 of ripening-related genes was experimentally confirmed by a range of evidence. Taken together, our results indicate that ABA plays a key role in directly modulating mango fruit ripening through MiHY5, suggesting the need to reconsider how we understand ABA function in modulating climacteric fruit ripening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shibo Wu
- Key Laboratory of Economic plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 132 Lanhei Road, Kunming 650201, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Di Wu
- Key Laboratory of Economic plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 132 Lanhei Road, Kunming 650201, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Juan Song
- Key Laboratory of Economic plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 132 Lanhei Road, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Yanyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Economic plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 132 Lanhei Road, Kunming 650201, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qing Tan
- Key Laboratory of Economic plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 132 Lanhei Road, Kunming 650201, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tianquan Yang
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Jingya Yang
- Key Laboratory of Economic plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 132 Lanhei Road, Kunming 650201, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | | | | | - Wei Xu
- Corresponding authors. E-mail: , , ,
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Liu Z, Wu X, Liu H, Zhang M, Liao W. DNA methylation in tomato fruit ripening. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2022; 174:e13627. [PMID: 35040145 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Fleshy fruit, the most economical and nutritional value unique to flowering plants, is an important part of our daily diet. Previous studies have shown that fruit ripening is regulated by transcription factors and the plant hormone ethylene, but recent research has also shown that epigenetics also plays an essential role, especially DNA methylation. DNA methylation is the process of transferring -CH3 to the fifth carbon of cytosine residues under the action of methyltransferase to form 5-methylcytosine (5-mC). So far, most works have been focused on tomato. Tomato ripening is dynamically regulated by DNA methylation and demethylation, but the understanding of this mechanism is still in its infancy. The dysfunction of a DNA demethylase, DEMETER-like DNA demethylases 2 (DML2), prevents the ripening of tomato fruits, but immature fruits ripen prematurely under the action of DNA methylation inhibitors. Additionally, studies have shown that the relationship between fruit quality and DNA methylation is not linear, but the specific molecular mechanism is still unclear. Here, we review the recent advances in the role of DNA methylation in tomato fruit ripening, the interaction of ripening transcription factors and DNA methylation, and its effects on quality. Then, a number of questions for future research of DNA methylation regulation in tomato fruit ripening is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiya Liu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xuetong Wu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Huwei Liu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Meiling Zhang
- College of Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Weibiao Liao
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
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Zhai Y, Fan Z, Cui Y, Gu X, Chen S, Ma H. APETALA2/ethylene responsive factor in fruit ripening: Roles, interactions and expression regulation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:979348. [PMID: 36061806 PMCID: PMC9434019 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.979348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Insects and animals are attracted to, and feed on ripe fruit, thereby promoting seed dispersal. As a vital vitamin and nutrient source, fruit make up an indispensable and enjoyable component of the human diet. Fruit ripening involves a series of physiological and biochemical changes in, among others, pigmentation, chlorophyll (Chl) degradation, texture, sugar accumulation, and flavor. Growing evidence indicates that the coordinated and ordered trait changes during fruit ripening depend on a complex regulatory network consisting of transcription factors, co-regulators, hormonal signals, and epigenetic modifications. As one of the predominant transcription factor families in plants and a downstream component of ethylene signaling, more and more studies are showing that APETALA2/ethylene responsive factor (AP2/ERF) family transcription factors act as critical regulators in fruit ripening. In this review, we focus on the regulatory mechanisms of AP2/ERFs in fruit ripening, and in particular the recent results on their target genes and co-regulators. We summarize and discuss the role of AP2/ERFs in the formation of key fruit-ripening attributes, the enactment of their regulatory mechanisms by interaction with other proteins, their role in the orchestration of phytohormone-signaling networks, and the epigenetic modifications associated with their gene expression. Our aim is to provide a multidimensional perspective on the regulatory mechanisms of AP2/ERFs in fruit ripening, and a reference for understanding and furthering research on the roles of AP2/ERF in fruit ripening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlei Zhai
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiyi Fan
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Cui
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojiao Gu
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shangwu Chen
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Huiqin Ma
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Huiqin Ma,
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Kou X, Feng Y, Yuan S, Zhao X, Wu C, Wang C, Xue Z. Different regulatory mechanisms of plant hormones in the ripening of climacteric and non-climacteric fruits: a review. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 107:477-497. [PMID: 34633626 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-021-01199-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
This review contains the regulatory mechanisms of plant hormones in the ripening process of climacteric and non-climacteric fruits, interactions between plant hormones and future research directions. The fruit ripening process involves physiological and biochemical changes such as pigment accumulation, softening, aroma and flavor formation. There is a great difference in the ripening process between climacteric fruits and non-climacteric fruits. The ripening of these two types of fruits is affected by endogenous signals and exogenous environments. Endogenous signaling plant hormones play an important regulatory role in fruit ripening. This paper systematically reviews recent progress in the regulation of plant hormones in fruit ripening, including ethylene, abscisic acid, auxin, jasmonic acid (JA), gibberellin, brassinosteroid (BR), salicylic acid (SA) and melatonin. The role of plant hormones in both climacteric and non-climacteric fruits is discussed, with emphasis on the interaction between ethylene and other adjustment factors. Specifically, the research progress and future research directions of JA, SA and BR in fruit ripening are discussed, and the regulatory network between JA and other signaling molecules remains to be further revealed. This study is meant to expand the understanding of the importance of plant hormones, clarify the hormonal regulation network and provide a basis for targeted manipulation of fruit ripening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Kou
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Feng
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuai Yuan
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyang Zhao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Caie Wu
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaohui Xue
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China.
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41
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Zhu C, Wu S, Sun T, Zhou Z, Hu Z, Yu J. Rosmarinic Acid Delays Tomato Fruit Ripening by Regulating Ripening-Associated Traits. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:1821. [PMID: 34829692 PMCID: PMC8614985 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10111821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Fruits are excellent sources of essential vitamins and health-boosting minerals. Recently, regulation of fruit ripening by both internal and external cues for the improvement of fruit quality and shelf life has received considerable attention. Rosmarinic acid (RA) is a kind of natural plant-derived polyphenol, widely used in the drug therapy and food industry due to its distinct physiological functions. However, the role of RA in plant growth and development, especially at the postharvest period of fruits, remains largely unknown. Here, we demonstrated that postharvest RA treatment delayed the ripening in tomato fruits. Exogenous application of RA decreased ripening-associated ethylene production and inhibited the fruit color change from green to red based on the decline in lycopene accumulation. We also found that the degradation of sucrose and malic acid during ripening was significantly suppressed in RA-treated tomato fruits. The results of metabolite profiling showed that RA application promoted the accumulation of multiple amino acids in tomato fruits, such as aspartic acid, serine, tyrosine, and proline. Meanwhile, RA application also strengthened the antioxidant system by increasing both the activity of antioxidant enzymes and the contents of reduced forms of antioxidants. These findings not only unveiled a novel function of RA in fruit ripening, but also indicated an attractive strategy to manage and improve shelf life, flavor, and sensory evolution of tomato fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changan Zhu
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (C.Z.); (S.W.); (T.S.); (Z.Z.); (J.Y.)
| | - Shaofang Wu
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (C.Z.); (S.W.); (T.S.); (Z.Z.); (J.Y.)
| | - Ting Sun
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (C.Z.); (S.W.); (T.S.); (Z.Z.); (J.Y.)
| | - Zhiwen Zhou
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (C.Z.); (S.W.); (T.S.); (Z.Z.); (J.Y.)
| | - Zhangjian Hu
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (C.Z.); (S.W.); (T.S.); (Z.Z.); (J.Y.)
- Shandong (Linyi) Institute of Modern Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Linyi 276000, China
| | - Jingquan Yu
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (C.Z.); (S.W.); (T.S.); (Z.Z.); (J.Y.)
- Shandong (Linyi) Institute of Modern Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Linyi 276000, China
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Karppinen K, Lafferty DJ, Albert NW, Mikkola N, McGhie T, Allan AC, Afzal BM, Häggman H, Espley RV, Jaakola L. MYBA and MYBPA transcription factors co-regulate anthocyanin biosynthesis in blue-coloured berries. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 232:1350-1367. [PMID: 34351627 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The regulatory network of R2R3 MYB transcription factors in anthocyanin biosynthesis is not fully understood in blue-coloured berries containing delphinidin compounds. We used blue berries of bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus) to comprehensively characterise flavonoid-regulating R2R3 MYBs, which revealed a new type of co-regulation in anthocyanin biosynthesis between members of MYBA-, MYBPA1- and MYBPA2-subgroups. VmMYBA1, VmMYBPA1.1 and VmMYBPA2.2 expression was elevated at berry ripening and by abscisic acid treatment. Additionally, VmMYBA1 and VmMYBPA1.1 expression was strongly downregulated in a white berry mutant. Complementation and transient overexpression assays confirmed VmMYBA1 and VmMYBA2 to induce anthocyanin accumulation. Promoter activation assays showed that VmMYBA1, VmMYBPA1.1 and VmMYBPA2.2 had similar activity towards dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR) and anthocyanidin synthase (ANS), but differential regulation activity for UDP-glucose flavonoid 3-O-glucosyltransferase (UFGT) and flavonoid 3'5'-hydroxylase (F3'5'H) promoters. Silencing of VmMYBPA1.1 in berries led to the downregulation of key anthocyanin and delphinidin biosynthesis genes. Functional analyses of other MYBPA regulators, and a member of novel MYBPA3 subgroup, associated them with proanthocyanidin biosynthesis and F3'5'H expression. The existence of 18 flavonoid-regulating MYBs indicated gene duplication, which may have enabled functional diversification among MYBA, MYBPA1 and MYBPA2 subgroups. Our results provide new insights into the intricate regulation of the complex anthocyanin profile found in blue-coloured berries involving regulation of both cyanidin and delphinidin branches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Karppinen
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, 9037, Norway
| | - Declan J Lafferty
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd, Palmerston North, 4410, New Zealand
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Nick W Albert
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd, Palmerston North, 4410, New Zealand
| | - Nelli Mikkola
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, University of Oulu, Oulu, 90014, Finland
| | - Tony McGhie
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd, Palmerston North, 4410, New Zealand
| | - Andrew C Allan
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd, Auckland, 1025, New Zealand
| | - Bilal M Afzal
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, 9037, Norway
| | - Hely Häggman
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, University of Oulu, Oulu, 90014, Finland
| | - Richard V Espley
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd, Auckland, 1025, New Zealand
| | - Laura Jaakola
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, 9037, Norway
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Ås, 1431, Norway
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Sun T. STAY-GREEN in orange: uncoupled functions in chlorophyll and carotenoid accumulation. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 187:667-669. [PMID: 34608976 PMCID: PMC8491069 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tianhu Sun
- Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
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44
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Brumos J. Gene regulation in climacteric fruit ripening. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 63:102042. [PMID: 33971378 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2021.102042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Seed dispersion and consequent plant propagation depend on the success of fruit ripening. Thus, ripening is a highly regulated developmental process aiming to maximize fruit organoleptic traits to attract herbivores. During ripening, the developing fruit experiences dramatic modifications, including color change, flavor improvement, and loss of firmness that are remarkably coordinated. Dynamic interactions between multiple hormones, transcription factors, and epigenetic modifications establish the complex regulatory network that controls the expression levels of ripening-related genes. Tomato, as a climacteric fruit, displays a burst of respiration once the seeds mature, followed by an increase in ethylene that regulates ripening. The accepted paradigm of the ripening transcriptional regulation has been recently challenged by the generation of true-null mutants of the previously considered master regulators of ripening. In addition to hormonal and transcriptional control, epigenetic shifts regulate the ripening process. Future research will contribute to better understanding the factors regulating fruit ripening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Brumos
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Plants, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022, Valencia, Spain.
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45
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Dominguez PG, Conti G, Duffy T, Insani M, Alseekh S, Asurmendi S, Fernie AR, Carrari F. Multiomics analyses reveal the roles of the ASR1 transcription factor in tomato fruits. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:6490-6509. [PMID: 34100923 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The transcription factor ASR1 (ABA, STRESS, RIPENING 1) plays multiple roles in plant responses to abiotic stresses as well as being involved in the regulation of central metabolism in several plant species. However, despite the high expression of ASR1 in tomato fruits, large scale analyses to uncover its function in fruits are still lacking. In order to study its function in the context of fruit ripening, we performed a multiomics analysis of ASR1-antisense transgenic tomato fruits at the transcriptome and metabolome levels. Our results indicate that ASR1 is involved in several pathways implicated in the fruit ripening process, including cell wall, amino acid, and carotenoid metabolism, as well as abiotic stress pathways. Moreover, we found that ASR1-antisense fruits are more susceptible to the infection by the necrotrophic fungus Botrytis cinerea. Given that ASR1 could be regulated by fruit ripening regulators such as FRUITFULL1/FRUITFULL2 (FUL1/FUL2), NON-RIPENING (NOR), and COLORLESS NON-RIPENING (CNR), we positioned it in the regulatory cascade of red ripe tomato fruits. These data extend the known range of functions of ASR1 as an important auxiliary regulator of tomato fruit ripening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia Guadalupe Dominguez
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriela Conti
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Facultad de Agronomía. Cátedra de Genética. Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Tomás Duffy
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marina Insani
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Saleh Alseekh
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Sebastián Asurmendi
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Fernando Carrari
- Facultad de Agronomía. Cátedra de Genética. Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE-UBA-CONICET), Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Xia X, Cheng X, Li R, Yao J, Li Z, Cheng Y. Advances in application of genome editing in tomato and recent development of genome editing technology. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2021; 134:2727-2747. [PMID: 34076729 PMCID: PMC8170064 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-021-03874-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Genome editing, a revolutionary technology in molecular biology and represented by the CRISPR/Cas9 system, has become widely used in plants for characterizing gene function and crop improvement. Tomato, serving as an excellent model plant for fruit biology research and making a substantial nutritional contribution to the human diet, is one of the most important applied plants for genome editing. Using CRISPR/Cas9-mediated targeted mutagenesis, the re-evaluation of tomato genes essential for fruit ripening highlights that several aspects of fruit ripening should be reconsidered. Genome editing has also been applied in tomato breeding for improving fruit yield and quality, increasing stress resistance, accelerating the domestication of wild tomato, and recently customizing tomato cultivars for urban agriculture. In addition, genome editing is continuously innovating, and several new genome editing systems such as the recent prime editing, a breakthrough in precise genome editing, have recently been applied in plants. In this review, these advances in application of genome editing in tomato and recent development of genome editing technology are summarized, and their leaving important enlightenment to plant research and precision plant breeding is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuehan Xia
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China
- Center of Plant Functional Genomics, Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Xinhua Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China
- Center of Plant Functional Genomics, Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Rui Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China
- Center of Plant Functional Genomics, Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Juanni Yao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Zhengguo Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China
- Center of Plant Functional Genomics, Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Yulin Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China.
- Center of Plant Functional Genomics, Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China.
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47
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Chen T, Zhang Z, Li B, Qin G, Tian S. Molecular basis for optimizing sugar metabolism and transport during fruit development. ABIOTECH 2021; 2:330-340. [PMID: 36303881 PMCID: PMC9590571 DOI: 10.1007/s42994-021-00061-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Sugars are fundamental metabolites synthesized in leaves and further delivered to fruit in fruit crops. They not only provide "sweetness" as fruit quality traits, but also function as signaling molecules to modulate the responses of fruit to environmental stimuli. Therefore, the understanding to the molecular basis for sugar metabolism and transport is crucial for improving fruit quality and dissecting responses to abiotic/biotic factors. Here, we provide a review for molecular components involved in sugar metabolism and transport, crosstalk with hormone signaling, and the roles of sugars in responses to abiotic and biotic stresses. Moreover, we also envisage the strategies for optimizing sugar metabolism during fruit quality maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093 China
| | - Zhanquan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093 China
| | - Boqiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093 China
| | - Guozheng Qin
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093 China
| | - Shiping Tian
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093 China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
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48
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Zhou L, Tang R, Li X, Tian S, Li B, Qin G. N 6-methyladenosine RNA modification regulates strawberry fruit ripening in an ABA-dependent manner. Genome Biol 2021; 22:168. [PMID: 34078442 PMCID: PMC8173835 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-021-02385-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epigenetic mark such as DNA methylation plays pivotal roles in regulating ripening of both climacteric and non-climacteric fruits. However, it remains unclear whether mRNA m6A methylation, which has been shown to regulate ripening of the tomato, a typical climacteric fruit, is functionally conserved for ripening control among different types of fruits. RESULTS Here we show that m6A methylation displays a dramatic change at ripening onset of strawberry, a classical non-climacteric fruit. The m6A modification in coding sequence (CDS) regions appears to be ripening-specific and tends to stabilize the mRNAs, whereas m6A around the stop codons and within the 3' untranslated regions is generally negatively correlated with the abundance of associated mRNAs. We identified thousands of transcripts with m6A hypermethylation in the CDS regions, including those of NCED5, ABAR, and AREB1 in the abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis and signaling pathway. We demonstrate that the methyltransferases MTA and MTB are indispensable for normal ripening of strawberry fruit, and MTA-mediated m6A modification promotes mRNA stability of NCED5 and AREB1, while facilitating translation of ABAR. CONCLUSION Our findings uncover that m6A methylation regulates ripening of the non-climacteric strawberry fruit by targeting the ABA pathway, which is distinct from that in the climacteric tomato fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leilei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.20 Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Haidian District, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Renkun Tang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.20 Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Haidian District, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiaojing Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.20 Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Haidian District, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shiping Tian
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.20 Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Haidian District, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Bingbing Li
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Guozheng Qin
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.20 Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Haidian District, Beijing, 100093, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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Adaskaveg JA, Silva CJ, Huang P, Blanco-Ulate B. Single and Double Mutations in Tomato Ripening Transcription Factors Have Distinct Effects on Fruit Development and Quality Traits. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:647035. [PMID: 33986762 PMCID: PMC8110730 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.647035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Spontaneous mutations associated with the tomato transcription factors COLORLESS NON-RIPENING (SPL-CNR), NON-RIPENING (NAC-NOR), and RIPENING-INHIBITOR (MADS-RIN) result in fruit that do not undergo the normal hallmarks of ripening but are phenotypically distinguishable. Here, we expanded knowledge of the physiological, molecular, and genetic impacts of the ripening mutations on fruit development beyond ripening. We demonstrated through phenotypic and transcriptome analyses that Cnr fruit exhibit a broad range of developmental defects before the onset of fruit ripening, but fruit still undergo some ripening changes similar to wild type. Thus, Cnr should be considered as a fruit developmental mutant and not just a ripening mutant. Additionally, we showed that some ripening processes occur during senescence in the nor and rin mutant fruit, indicating that while some ripening processes are inhibited in these mutants, others are merely delayed. Through gene expression analysis and direct measurement of hormones, we found that Cnr, nor, and rin have alterations in the metabolism and signaling of plant hormones. Cnr mutants produce more than basal levels of ethylene, while nor and rin accumulate high concentrations of abscisic acid. To determine genetic interactions between the mutations, we created for the first time homozygous double mutants. Phenotypic analyses of the double ripening mutants revealed that Cnr has a strong influence on fruit traits and that combining nor and rin leads to an intermediate ripening mutant phenotype. However, we found that the genetic interactions between the mutations are more complex than anticipated, as the Cnr/nor double mutant fruit has a Cnr phenotype but displayed inhibition of ripening-related gene expression just like nor fruit. Our reevaluation of the Cnr, nor, and rin mutants provides new insights into the utilization of the mutants for studying fruit development and their implications in breeding for tomato fruit quality.
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