1
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Su GM, Chu LW, Chien CC, Liao PS, Chiu YC, Chang CH, Chu TH, Li CH, Wu CS, Wang JF, Cheng YS, Chang CH, Cheng CP. Tomato NADPH oxidase SlWfi1 interacts with the effector protein RipBJ of Ralstonia solanacearum to mediate host defence. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024. [PMID: 39132878 DOI: 10.1111/pce.15086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a crucial role in regulating numerous functions in organisms. Among the key regulators of ROS production are NADPH oxidases, primarily referred to as respiratory burst oxidase homologues (RBOHs). However, our understanding of whether and how pathogens directly target RBOHs has been limited. In this study, we revealed that the effector protein RipBJ, originating from the phytopathogenic bacterium Ralstonia solanacearum, was present in low- to medium-virulence strains but absent in high-virulence strains. Functional genetic assays demonstrated that the expression of ripBJ led to a reduction in bacterial infection. In the plant, RipBJ expression triggered plant cell death and the accumulation of H2O2, while also enhancing host defence against R. solanacearum by modulating multiple defence signalling pathways. Through protein interaction and functional studies, we demonstrated that RipBJ was associated with the plant's plasma membrane and interacted with the tomato RBOH known as SlWfi1, which contributed positively to RipBJ's effects on plants. Importantly, SlWfi1 expression was induced during the early stages following R. solanacearum infection and played a key role in defence against this bacterium. This research uncovers the plant RBOH as an interacting target of a pathogen's effector, providing valuable insights into the mechanisms of plant defence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan-Ming Su
- Institute of Plant Biology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Wen Chu
- Institute of Plant Biology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Cheng Chien
- Institute of Plant Biology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Shan Liao
- Institute of Plant Biology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chuan Chiu
- Institute of Plant Biology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Hsin Chang
- Institute of Plant Biology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Hsiang Chu
- Institute of Plant Biology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hui Li
- Institute of Plant Biology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Sheng Wu
- Institute of Plant Biology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jaw-Fen Wang
- Bacteriology Unit, AVRDC-The World Vegetable Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Sheng Cheng
- Institute of Plant Biology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Life Science, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chuan-Hsin Chang
- Department of Research, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Ping Cheng
- Institute of Plant Biology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Life Science, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Global Agriculture Technology and Genomic Science Master Program, International College, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Master Program for Plant Medicine, College of Bio-Resources & Agriculture, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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2
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Sharma S, Prasad A, Prasad M. Ubiquitination from the perspective of plant pathogens. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:4367-4376. [PMID: 37226440 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The constant battle of survival between pathogens and host plants has played a crucial role in shaping the course of their co-evolution. However, the major determinants of the outcome of this ongoing arms race are the effectors secreted by pathogens into host cells. These effectors perturb the defense responses of plants to promote successful infection. In recent years, extensive research in the area of effector biology has reported an increase in the repertoire of pathogenic effectors that mimic or target the conserved ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. The role of the ubiquitin-mediated degradation pathway is well known to be indispensable for various aspects of a plant's life, and thus targeting or mimicking it seems to be a smart strategy adopted by pathogens. Therefore, this review summarizes recent findings on how some pathogenic effectors mimic or act as one of the components of the ubiquitin-proteasome machinery while others directly target the plant's ubiquitin-proteasome system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ashish Prasad
- Department of Botany, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, India
| | - Manoj Prasad
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
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3
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Zhu Q, Feng Y, Xue J, Chen P, Zhang A, Yu Y. Advances in Receptor-like Protein Kinases in Balancing Plant Growth and Stress Responses. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:427. [PMID: 36771514 PMCID: PMC9919196 DOI: 10.3390/plants12030427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Accompanying the process of growth and development, plants are exposed to ever-changing environments, which consequently trigger abiotic or biotic stress responses. The large protein family known as receptor-like protein kinases (RLKs) is involved in the regulation of plant growth and development, as well as in the response to various stresses. Understanding the biological function and molecular mechanism of RLKs is helpful for crop breeding. Research on the role and mechanism of RLKs has recently received considerable attention regarding the balance between plant growth and environmental adaptability. In this paper, we systematically review the classification of RLKs, the regulatory roles of RLKs in plant development (meristem activity, leaf morphology and reproduction) and in stress responses (disease resistance and environmental adaptation). This review focuses on recent findings revealing that RLKs simultaneously regulate plant growth and stress adaptation, which may pave the way for the better understanding of their function in crop improvement. Although the exact crosstalk between growth constraint and plant adaptation remains elusive, a profound study on the adaptive mechanisms for decoupling the developmental processes would be a promising direction for the future research.
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4
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Kumar R, Khatri A, Acharya V. Deep learning uncovers distinct behavior of rice network to pathogens response. iScience 2022; 25:104546. [PMID: 35754717 PMCID: PMC9218438 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Rice, apart from abiotic stress, is prone to attack from multiple pathogens. Predominantly, the two rice pathogens, bacterial Xanthomonas oryzae (Xoo) and hemibiotrophic fungus, Magnaporthe oryzae, are extensively well explored for more than the last decade. However, because of lack of holistic studies, we design a deep learning-based rice network model (DLNet) that has explored the quantitative differences resulting in the distinct rice network architecture. Validation studies on rice in response to biotic stresses show that DLNet outperforms other machine learning methods. The current finding indicates the compactness of the rice PTI network and the rise of independent modules in the rice ETI network, resulting in similar patterns of the plant immune response. The results also show more independent network modules and minimum structural disorderness in rice-M. oryzae as compared to the rice-Xoo model revealing the different adaptation strategies of the rice plant to evade pathogen effectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Kumar
- Functional Genomics and Complex System Lab, Biotechnology Division, The Himalayan Centre for High-throughput Computational Biology (HiCHiCoB, A BIC Supported by DBT, India), CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (CSIR-IHBT), Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Abhishek Khatri
- Functional Genomics and Complex System Lab, Biotechnology Division, The Himalayan Centre for High-throughput Computational Biology (HiCHiCoB, A BIC Supported by DBT, India), CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (CSIR-IHBT), Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Vishal Acharya
- Functional Genomics and Complex System Lab, Biotechnology Division, The Himalayan Centre for High-throughput Computational Biology (HiCHiCoB, A BIC Supported by DBT, India), CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (CSIR-IHBT), Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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5
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Zhang S, Li C, Si J, Han Z, Chen D. Action Mechanisms of Effectors in Plant-Pathogen Interaction. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:6758. [PMID: 35743201 PMCID: PMC9224169 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant pathogens are one of the main factors hindering the breeding of cash crops. Pathogens, including oomycetes, fungus, and bacteria, secrete effectors as invasion weapons to successfully invade and propagate in host plants. Here, we review recent advances made in the field of plant-pathogen interaction models and the action mechanisms of phytopathogenic effectors. The review illustrates how effectors from different species use similar and distinct strategies to infect host plants. We classify the main action mechanisms of effectors in plant-pathogen interactions according to the infestation process: targeting physical barriers for disruption, creating conditions conducive to infestation, protecting or masking themselves, interfering with host cell physiological activity, and manipulating plant downstream immune responses. The investigation of the functioning of plant pathogen effectors contributes to improved understanding of the molecular mechanisms of plant-pathogen interactions. This understanding has important theoretical value and is of practical significance in plant pathology and disease resistance genetics and breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Zhigang Han
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (S.Z.); (C.L.); (J.S.)
| | - Donghong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (S.Z.); (C.L.); (J.S.)
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6
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Iswanto ABB, Vu MH, Pike S, Lee J, Kang H, Son GH, Kim J, Kim SH. Pathogen effectors: What do they do at plasmodesmata? MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2022; 23:795-804. [PMID: 34569687 PMCID: PMC9104267 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Plants perceive an assortment of external cues during their life cycle, including abiotic and biotic stressors. Biotic stress from a variety of pathogens, including viruses, oomycetes, fungi, and bacteria, is considered to be a substantial factor hindering plant growth and development. To hijack the host cell's defence machinery, plant pathogens have evolved sophisticated attack strategies mediated by numerous effector proteins. Several studies have indicated that plasmodesmata (PD), symplasmic pores that facilitate cell-to-cell communication between a cell and neighbouring cells, are one of the targets of pathogen effectors. However, in contrast to plant-pathogenic viruses, reports of fungal- and bacterial-encoded effectors that localize to and exploit PD are limited. Surprisingly, a recent study of PD-associated bacterial effectors has shown that a number of bacterial effectors undergo cell-to-cell movement via PD. Here we summarize and highlight recent advances in the study of PD-associated fungal/oomycete/bacterial effectors. We also discuss how pathogen effectors interfere with host defence mechanisms in the context of PD regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arya Bagus Boedi Iswanto
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four Program)Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research CenterGyeongsang National UniversityJinjuRepublic of Korea
| | - Minh Huy Vu
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four Program)Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research CenterGyeongsang National UniversityJinjuRepublic of Korea
| | - Sharon Pike
- Division of Plant SciencesChristopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center and Interdisciplinary Plant GroupUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMissouriUSA
| | - Jihyun Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four Program)Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research CenterGyeongsang National UniversityJinjuRepublic of Korea
| | - Hobin Kang
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four Program)Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research CenterGyeongsang National UniversityJinjuRepublic of Korea
| | - Geon Hui Son
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four Program)Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research CenterGyeongsang National UniversityJinjuRepublic of Korea
| | - Jae‐Yean Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four Program)Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research CenterGyeongsang National UniversityJinjuRepublic of Korea
- Division of Life ScienceGyeongsang National UniversityJinjuRepublic of Korea
| | - Sang Hee Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four Program)Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research CenterGyeongsang National UniversityJinjuRepublic of Korea
- Division of Life ScienceGyeongsang National UniversityJinjuRepublic of Korea
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7
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Buoso S, Musetti R, Marroni F, Calderan A, Schmidt W, Santi S. Infection by phloem-limited phytoplasma affects mineral nutrient homeostasis in tomato leaf tissues. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 271:153659. [PMID: 35299031 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2022.153659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Phytoplasmas are sieve-elements restricted wall-less, pleomorphic pathogenic microorganisms causing devastating damage to over 700 plant species worldwide. The invasion of sieve elements by phytoplasmas has several consequences on nutrient transport and metabolism, anyway studies about changes of the mineral-nutrient profile following phytoplasma infections are scarce and offer contrasting results. Here, we examined changes in macro- and micronutrient concentration in tomato plant upon 'Candidatus Phytoplasma solani' infection. To investigate possible effects of 'Ca. P. solani' infection on mineral element allocation, the mineral elements were separately analysed in leaf midrib, leaf lamina and root. Moreover, we focused our analysis on the transcriptional regulation of genes encoding trans-membrane transporters of mineral nutrients. To this aim, a manually curated inventory of differentially expressed genes encoding transporters in tomato leaf midribs was mined from the transcriptional profile of healthy and infected tomato leaf midribs. Results highlighted changes in ion homeostasis in the host plant, and significant modulations at transcriptional level of genes encoding ion transporters and channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Buoso
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, Via delle Scienze 206, University of Udine, 33100, Udine, Italy.
| | - Rita Musetti
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, Via delle Scienze 206, University of Udine, 33100, Udine, Italy.
| | - Fabio Marroni
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, Via delle Scienze 206, University of Udine, 33100, Udine, Italy.
| | - Alberto Calderan
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, Via delle Scienze 206, University of Udine, 33100, Udine, Italy; Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri, 5, 34127, Trieste, Italy.
| | - Wolfgang Schmidt
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, 11529, Taipei, Taiwan; Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, 40227, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Simonetta Santi
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, Via delle Scienze 206, University of Udine, 33100, Udine, Italy.
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8
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Elkobrosy DH, Aseel DG, Hafez EE, El-Saedy MA, Al-Huqail AA, Ali HM, Jebril J, Shama S, Abdelsalam NR, Elnahal AS. Quantitative detection of induced systemic resistance genes of potato roots upon ethylene treatment and cyst nematode, Globodera rostochiensis, infection during plant–nematode interactions. Saudi J Biol Sci 2022; 29:3617-3625. [PMID: 35844398 PMCID: PMC9280246 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2022.02.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Potato cyst nematodes caused by Globodera rostochiensis, are quarantine-restricted pests causing significant yield losses to potato growers. The phytohormone ethylene play significant roles in various plant-pathogen interactions, however, the molecular knowledge of how ethylene influences potato–nematode interaction is still lacking. Precise detection of potato-induced genes is essential for recognizing plant-induced systemic resistance (ISR). Candidate genes or PR- proteins with putative functions in modulating the response to potato cyst nematode stress were selected and functionally characterized. Using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), we measured the quantified expression of four pathogenesis-related (PR) genes, PR2, PR3, peroxidase, and polyphenol oxidase. The activation of these genes is intermediate during the ISR signaling in the root tissues. Using different ethylene concentrations could detect and induce defense genes in infected potato roots compared to the control treatment. The observed differences in the gene expression of treated infected plants are because of different concentrations of ethylene treatment and pathogenicity. Besides, the overexpressed or suppressed of defense- related genes during developmental stages and pathogen infection. We concluded that ethylene treatments positively affected potato defensive genes expression levels against cyst nematode infection. The results emphasize the necessity of studying molecular signaling pathways controlling biotic stress responses. Understanding such mechanisms will be critical for the development of broad-spectrum and stress-tolerant crops in the future.
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9
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Lin PA, Chen Y, Ponce G, Acevedo FE, Lynch JP, Anderson CT, Ali JG, Felton GW. Stomata-mediated interactions between plants, herbivores, and the environment. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 27:287-300. [PMID: 34580024 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2021.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Stomata play a central role in plant responses to abiotic and biotic stresses. Existing knowledge regarding the roles of stomata in plant stress is centered on abiotic stresses and plant-pathogen interactions, but how stomata influence plant-herbivore interactions remains largely unclear. Here, we summarize the functions of stomata in plant-insect interactions and highlight recent discoveries of how herbivores manipulate plant stomata. Because stomata are linked to interrelated physiological processes in plants, herbivory-induced changes in stomatal dynamics might have cellular, organismic, and/or even community-level impacts. We summarize our current understanding of how stomata mediate plant responses to herbivory and environmental stimuli, propose how herbivores may influence these responses, and identify key knowledge gaps in plant-herbivore interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-An Lin
- Department of Entomology, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, USA.
| | - Yintong Chen
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, USA
| | - Gabriela Ponce
- Department of Entomology, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, USA
| | - Flor E Acevedo
- Department of Entomology, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, USA
| | - Jonathan P Lynch
- Department of Plant Science, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, USA
| | - Charles T Anderson
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, USA
| | - Jared G Ali
- Department of Entomology, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, USA
| | - Gary W Felton
- Department of Entomology, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, USA
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10
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Persoons A, Maupetit A, Louet C, Andrieux A, Lipzen A, Barry KW, Na H, Adam C, Grigoriev IV, Segura V, Duplessis S, Frey P, Halkett F, De Mita S. Genomic signatures of a major adaptive event in the pathogenic fungus Melampsora larici-populina. Genome Biol Evol 2021; 14:6468622. [PMID: 34919678 PMCID: PMC8755504 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evab279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent availability of genome-wide sequencing techniques has allowed systematic screening for molecular signatures of adaptation, including in nonmodel organisms. Host–pathogen interactions constitute good models due to the strong selective pressures that they entail. We focused on an adaptive event which affected the poplar rust fungus Melampsora larici-populina when it overcame a resistance gene borne by its host, cultivated poplar. Based on 76 virulent and avirulent isolates framing narrowly the estimated date of the adaptive event, we examined the molecular signatures of selection. Using an array of genome scan methods based on different features of nucleotide diversity, we detected a single locus exhibiting a consistent pattern suggestive of a selective sweep in virulent individuals (excess of differentiation between virulent and avirulent samples, linkage disequilibrium, genotype–phenotype statistical association, and long-range haplotypes). Our study pinpoints a single gene and further a single amino acid replacement which may have allowed the adaptive event. Although our samples are nearly contemporary to the selective sweep, it does not seem to have affected genome diversity further than the immediate vicinity of the causal locus, which can be explained by a soft selective sweep (where selection acts on standing variation) and by the impact of recombination in mitigating the impact of selection. Therefore, it seems that properties of the life cycle of M. larici-populina, which entails both high genetic diversity and outbreeding, has facilitated its adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Agathe Maupetit
- Université de Lorraine,INRAE, IAM, Nancy, France.,Physiology and Biotechnology of Algae Laboratory,IFREMER, Nantes, France
| | | | | | - Anna Lipzen
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Kerrie W Barry
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Hyunsoo Na
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Catherine Adam
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Igor V Grigoriev
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA.,Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Vincent Segura
- BioForA,INRAE, ONF, Orléans, France.,UMR AGAP Institut, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, F-34398 Montpellier, France
| | | | - Pascal Frey
- Université de Lorraine,INRAE, IAM, Nancy, France
| | | | - Stéphane De Mita
- Université de Lorraine,INRAE, IAM, Nancy, France.,PHIM, Univ Montpellier, INRAE, CIRAD, Institut Agro, IRD, Montpellier, France
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11
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Ederli L, Beccari G, Tini F, Bergamini I, Bellezza I, Romani R, Covarelli L. Enniatin B and Deoxynivalenol Activity on Bread Wheat and on Fusarium Species Development. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:728. [PMID: 34679021 PMCID: PMC8538094 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13100728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a devastating wheat disease, mainly caused by Fusarium graminearum (FG)-a deoxynivalenol (DON)-producing species. However, Fusarium avenaceum (FA), able to biosynthesize enniatins (ENNs), has recently increased its relevance worldwide, often in co-occurrence with FG. While DON is a well-known mycotoxin, ENN activity, also in association with DON, is poorly understood. This study aims to explore enniatin B (ENB) activity, alone or combined with DON, on bread wheat and on Fusarium development. Pure ENB, DON, and ENB+DON (10 mg kg-1) were used to assess the impacts on seed germination, seedling growth, cell death induction (trypan blue staining), chlorophyll content, and oxidative stress induction (malondialdehyde quantification). The effect on FG and FA growth was tested using ENB, DON, and ENB+DON (10, 50, and 100 mg kg-1). Synergistic activity in the reduction of seed germination, growth, and chlorophyll degradation was observed. Conversely, antagonistic interaction in cell death and oxidative stress induction was found, with DON counteracting cellular stress produced by ENB. Fusarium species responded to mycotoxins in opposite directions. ENB inhibited FG development, while DON promoted FA growth. These results highlight the potential role of ENB in cell death control, as well as in fungal competition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Ederli
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, 06121 Perugia, Italy; (L.E.); (F.T.); (I.B.); (R.R.); (L.C.)
| | - Giovanni Beccari
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, 06121 Perugia, Italy; (L.E.); (F.T.); (I.B.); (R.R.); (L.C.)
| | - Francesco Tini
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, 06121 Perugia, Italy; (L.E.); (F.T.); (I.B.); (R.R.); (L.C.)
| | - Irene Bergamini
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, 06121 Perugia, Italy; (L.E.); (F.T.); (I.B.); (R.R.); (L.C.)
| | - Ilaria Bellezza
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy;
| | - Roberto Romani
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, 06121 Perugia, Italy; (L.E.); (F.T.); (I.B.); (R.R.); (L.C.)
| | - Lorenzo Covarelli
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, 06121 Perugia, Italy; (L.E.); (F.T.); (I.B.); (R.R.); (L.C.)
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12
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Anderson JC, Peck SC. Primary metabolism: It's more than what's for dinner. MOLECULAR PLANT 2021; 14:1219-1220. [PMID: 34182156 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2021.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey C Anderson
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Scott C Peck
- Division of Biochemistry, Christopher S Bond. Life Sciences Center, Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
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