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Białowąs W, Blicharska E, Drabik K. Biofortification of Plant- and Animal-Based Foods in Limiting the Problem of Microelement Deficiencies-A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2024; 16:1481. [PMID: 38794719 PMCID: PMC11124325 DOI: 10.3390/nu16101481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
With a burgeoning global population, meeting the demand for increased food production presents challenges, particularly concerning mineral deficiencies in diets. Micronutrient shortages like iron, iodine, zinc, selenium, and magnesium carry severe health implications, especially in developing nations. Biofortification of plants and plant products emerges as a promising remedy to enhance micronutrient levels in food. Utilizing agronomic biofortification, conventional plant breeding, and genetic engineering yields raw materials with heightened micronutrient contents and improved bioavailability. A similar strategy extends to animal-derived foods by fortifying eggs, meat, and dairy products with micronutrients. Employing "dual" biofortification, utilizing previously enriched plant materials as a micronutrient source for livestock, proves an innovative solution. Amid biofortification research, conducting in vitro and in vivo experiments is essential to assess the bioactivity of micronutrients from enriched materials, emphasizing digestibility, bioavailability, and safety. Mineral deficiencies in human diets present a significant health challenge. Biofortification of plants and animal products emerges as a promising approach to alleviate micronutrient deficiencies, necessitating further research into the utilization of biofortified raw materials in the human diet, with a focus on bioavailability, digestibility, and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Białowąs
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Eliza Blicharska
- Department of Pathobiochemistry and Interdyscyplinary Applications of Ion Chromatography, Faculty of Biomedicine, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Kamil Drabik
- Institute of Biological Basis of Animal Production, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
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Orka NA, Toushique FM, Uddin MN, Bari ML. Application of computer vision in assessing crop abiotic stress: A systematic review. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0290383. [PMID: 37611022 PMCID: PMC10446212 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0290383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abiotic stressors impair crop yields and growth potential. Despite recent developments, no comprehensive literature review on crop abiotic stress assessment employing deep learning exists. Unlike conventional approaches, deep learning-based computer vision techniques can be employed in farming to offer a non-evasive and practical alternative. METHODS We conducted a systematic review using the revised Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement to assemble the articles on the specified topic. We confined our scope to deep learning-related journal articles that focused on classifying crop abiotic stresses. To understand the current state, we evaluated articles published in the preceding ten years, beginning in 2012 and ending on December 18, 2022. RESULTS After the screening, risk of bias, and certainty assessment using the PRISMA checklist, our systematic search yielded 14 publications. We presented the selected papers through in-depth discussion and analysis, highlighting current trends. CONCLUSION Even though research on the domain is scarce, we encountered 11 abiotic stressors across 7 crops. Pre-trained networks dominate the field, yet many architectures remain unexplored. We found several research gaps that future efforts may fill.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabil Anan Orka
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Islamic University of Technology (IUT), Gazipur, Bangladesh
| | - Fardeen Md. Toushique
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Islamic University of Technology (IUT), Gazipur, Bangladesh
| | - M. Nazim Uddin
- Horticultural Research Centre (HRC), Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Gazipur, Bangladesh
| | - M. Latiful Bari
- Food, Nutrition, and Agriculture Research Laboratory, Centre for Advanced Research in Sciences, University of Dhaka (DU), Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Yi Q, Wang Y, Yi C, Li L, Chen Y, Zhou H, Tong F, Liu L, Gao Y, Shi G. Agronomic and ionomics indicators of high-yield, mineral-dense, and low-Cd grains of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 261:115120. [PMID: 37302237 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The accumulation of toxic and essential nutrient elements in wheat grain influences wheat yield, grain nutritional quality, and human health. Here, we assessed the potential for breeding wheat cultivars to combine high yield with low cadmium and high iron and/or zinc concentrations in grains, and we screened appropriate cultivars. A pot experiment was conducted to explore differences in grain cadmium, iron, and zinc concentrations among 68 wheat cultivars, as well as their relationships with other nutrient elements and agronomic characters. The results showed 2.04-, 1.71-, and 1.64-fold differences in grain cadmium, iron, and zinc concentrations, respectively, among the 68 cultivars. Grain cadmium concentration was positively correlated with grain zinc, iron, magnesium, phosphorus, and manganese concentrations. Grain copper concentration was positively correlated with grain zinc and iron concentrations, but not with grain cadmium concentration. Therefore, copper has a potential role in regulating grain iron and zinc accumulation without influencing cadmium concentration in wheat grain. There were no significant relationships between grain cadmium concentration and four important wheat agronomic characters (i.e., grain yield, straw yield, thousand kernel weight, and plant height), indicating that the breeding of low-cadmium-accumulating cultivars with dwarfism and high yield characteristics is possible. On cluster analysis, four cultivars (Ningmai11, Xumai35, Baomai6, and Aikang58) exhibited low-cadmium and high-yield characteristics. Among them, Aikang58 contained moderate iron and zinc concentrations, while Ningmai11 had relatively high iron but low zinc concentrations in the grain. These results imply that it is feasible to breed high-yield dwarf wheat with low cadmium and moderate iron and zinc concentrations in the grain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingsong Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China/Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in Downstream of Yangtze River Plain, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China/Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, China
| | - Chao Yi
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in Downstream of Yangtze River Plain, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; National Agricultural Experimental Station for Agricultural Environment, Luhe, Minstry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China; School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Linxin Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yinglong Chen
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, and UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Huimin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in Downstream of Yangtze River Plain, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Fei Tong
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in Downstream of Yangtze River Plain, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; National Agricultural Experimental Station for Agricultural Environment, Luhe, Minstry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China
| | - Lizhu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in Downstream of Yangtze River Plain, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; National Agricultural Experimental Station for Agricultural Environment, Luhe, Minstry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China
| | - Yan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in Downstream of Yangtze River Plain, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; National Agricultural Experimental Station for Agricultural Environment, Luhe, Minstry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China; School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Gaoling Shi
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in Downstream of Yangtze River Plain, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; National Agricultural Experimental Station for Agricultural Environment, Luhe, Minstry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China; School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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Welk AK, Mehlhose C, Daum D, Enneking U. Vegetables with Enhanced Iron Bioavailability-German Consumers' Perceptions of a New Approach to Improve Dietary Iron Supply. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15102291. [PMID: 37242174 DOI: 10.3390/nu15102291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron deficiency is still widespread as a major health problem even in countries with adequate food supply. It mainly affects women but also vegans, vegetarians, and athletes and can lead to various clinical pictures. Biofortification of vitamin C-rich vegetables with iron may be one new approach to face this nutritional challenge. However, so far, little is known about the consumer acceptance of iron-biofortified vegetables, particularly in developed countries. To address this issue, a quantitative survey of 1000 consumers in Germany was conducted. The results showed that depending on the type of vegetable, between 54% and 79% of the respondents were interested in iron-biofortified vegetables. Regression analysis showed a relationship between product acceptance, gender, and area of residence. In addition, relationships were found between consumer preferences for enjoyment, sustainability, and naturalness. Compared to functional food and dietary supplements, 77% of respondents would prefer fresh iron-rich vegetables to improve their iron intake. For a market launch, those iron-rich vegetables appear especially promising, which can additionally be advertised with claims for being rich in vitamin C and cultivated in an environmentally friendly way. Consumers were willing to pay EUR 0.10 to EUR 0.20 more for the iron-biofortified vegetables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Kristin Welk
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Landscape Architecture, Osnabrück University of Applied Sciences, Am Krümpel 31, 49090 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Clara Mehlhose
- Marketing of Agricultural and Food Products, Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development, University of Göttingen, Platz der Göttinger Sieben 5, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Diemo Daum
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Landscape Architecture, Osnabrück University of Applied Sciences, Am Krümpel 31, 49090 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Ulrich Enneking
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Landscape Architecture, Osnabrück University of Applied Sciences, Am Krümpel 31, 49090 Osnabrück, Germany
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Burgos G, Liria R, Zeder C, Kroon PA, Hareau G, Penny M, Dainty J, Al-Jaibaji O, Boy E, Mithen R, Hurrell RF, Salas E, Felde TZ, Zimmermann MB, Fairweather-Tait S. Total iron absorbed from iron-biofortified potatoes is higher than from non-biofortified potatoes: a randomized trial using stable iron isotopes in women from the Peruvian highlands. J Nutr 2023:S0022-3166(23)35553-6. [PMID: 37059395 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Yellow fleshed potatoes biofortified with iron have been developed through conventional breeding but the bioavailability of the iron is unknown. OBJECTIVES Our objective was to measure iron absorption from an iron-biofortified yellow fleshed potato clone in comparison with a non-biofortified yellow fleshed potato variety. METHODS We conducted a single-blinded, randomized, crossover, multiple-meal intervention study. Women (n = 28; mean±SD plasma ferritin 21.3±3.3 μg/L) consumed 10 meals (460 g) of both potatoes, each meal extrinsically labelled with either 58Fe sulfate (biofortified) or 57Fe sulfate (non-fortified) , on consecutive days. Iron absorption was estimated from the iron isotopic composition in erythrocytes 14 days after administration of the final meal. RESULTS Mean±SD iron, phytic acid and ascorbic acid concentrations in the the iron-biofortified and the non-fortified potato meals (mg/per 100 mg) were 0.63±0.01 and 0.31±0.01 , 39.34±3.04 and 3.10±1.72 , and 7.65±0.34 and 3.74±0.39 , respectively (P < 0.01) while chlorogenic acid concentrations were 15.14±1.72 and 22.52±3.98 , respectively (P <0.05). Geometric mean (95% CI) fractional iron absorption (FIA) from the iron-biofortified clone and the non-biofortified variety was 12.1% (10.3-14.2%) and 16.6% (14.0-19.6%), respectively (P <0.001). Total iron absorption (TIA) from the iron-biofortified clone and the non-biofortified variety was 0.35 mg (0.30-0.41mg) and 0.24 mg (0.20-0.28 mg) per 460 g meal, respectively (P <0.001). CONCLUSIONS TIA from the iron-biofortified potato meals was 45.8% higher than from the non-biofortified potato meals, suggesting iron biofortification of potatoes through conventional breeding is a promising approach to improve iron intakes in iron-deficient women (p<0.01). The study was registered at www. CLINICALTRIALS gov (Identifier number NCT05154500).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Burgos
- Genetics, Genomics, and Crop Improvement Program, International Potato Center, Lima, Peru
| | - Reyna Liria
- Instituto de Investigación Nutricional, Lima, Peru
| | - Christophe Zeder
- ETH Zürich, Laboratory of Human Nutrition, Institute of Food, Nutrition, and Health, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Paul A Kroon
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UQ, United Kingdom
| | - Guy Hareau
- Genetics, Genomics, and Crop Improvement Program, International Potato Center, Lima, Peru
| | - Mary Penny
- Instituto de Investigación Nutricional, Lima, Peru
| | - Jack Dainty
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Olla Al-Jaibaji
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UQ, United Kingdom
| | - Erick Boy
- HarvestPlus /International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Richard Mithen
- Liggins Institute, Waipapa Taumata Rau - The University of Auckland, 85 Park Road, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Richard F Hurrell
- ETH Zürich, Laboratory of Human Nutrition, Institute of Food, Nutrition, and Health, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Elisa Salas
- Genetics, Genomics, and Crop Improvement Program, International Potato Center, Lima, Peru
| | - Thomas Zum Felde
- Genetics, Genomics, and Crop Improvement Program, International Potato Center, Lima, Peru
| | - Michael B Zimmermann
- ETH Zürich, Laboratory of Human Nutrition, Institute of Food, Nutrition, and Health, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Zurich, Switzerland
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Kumar S, DePauw RM, Kumar S, Kumar J, Kumar S, Pandey MP. Breeding and adoption of biofortified crops and their nutritional impact on human health. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2023; 1520:5-19. [PMID: 36479674 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Micronutrient malnutrition has affected over two billion people worldwide and continues to be a health risk. A growing human population, poverty, and the prevalence of low dietary diversity are jointly responsible for malnutrition, particularly in developing nations. Inadequate bioavailability of key micronutrients, such as iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), and vitamin A, can be improved through agronomic and/or genetic interventions. The Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research prioritizes developing biofortified food crops that are rich in minerals and vitamins through the HarvestPlus initiative on biofortification. The objective of this review is to provide an overview of biofortified food crops along with evidence supporting their acceptability and adoption. Between 2004 and 2019, 242 biofortified varieties belonging to 11 major crops were released in 30 countries across Asia, Africa, and Latin America. These conventionally bred biofortified crops include Fe-enriched beans, pearl millet, and cowpea; Zn-enriched rice, wheat, and maize; both Fe- and Zn-enriched lentil and sorghum; and varieties with improved vitamin A in orange-fleshed sweet potato, maize, cassava, and banana/plantain. In addition to ongoing efforts, breeding innovations, such as speed breeding and CRISPR-based gene editing technologies, will be necessary for the next decade to reach two billion people with biofortified crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin Kumar
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, India
| | - Ron M DePauw
- Advancing Wheat Technologies, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sudhir Kumar
- Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, India
| | - Jitendra Kumar
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Pulses Research (IIPR), Kanpur, India
| | - Sourabh Kumar
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, India
| | - Madhav P Pandey
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Agriculture and Forestry University (AFU), Rampur, Nepal
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Jamla M, Joshi S, Patil S, Tripathi BN, Kumar V. MicroRNAs modulating nutrient homeostasis: a sustainable approach for developing biofortified crops. PROTOPLASMA 2023; 260:5-19. [PMID: 35657503 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-022-01775-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
During their lifespan, sessile plants have to cope with bioavailability of the suboptimal nutrient concentration and have to constantly sense/evolve the connecting web of signal cascades for efficient nutrient uptake, storage, and translocation for proper growth and metabolism. However, environmental fluctuations and escalating anthropogenic activities are making it a formidable challenge for plants. This is adding to (micro)nutrient-deficient crops and nutritional insecurity. Biofortification is emerging as a sustainable and efficacious approach which can be utilized to combat the micronutrient malnutrition. A biofortified crop has an enriched level of desired nutrients developed using conventional breeding, agronomic practices, or advanced biotechnological tools. Nutrient homeostasis gets hampered under nutrient stress, which involves disturbance in short-distance and long-distance cell-cell/cell-organ communications involving multiple cellular and molecular components. Advanced sequencing platforms coupled with bioinformatics pipelines and databases have suggested the potential roles of tiny signaling molecules and post-transcriptional regulators, the microRNAs (miRNAs) in key plant phenomena including nutrient homeostasis. miRNAs are seen as emerging targets for biotechnology-based biofortification programs. Thus, understanding the mechanistic insights and regulatory role of miRNAs could open new windows for exploring them in developing nutrient-efficient biofortified crops. This review discusses significance and roles of miRNAs in plant nutrition and nutrient homeostasis and how they play key roles in plant responses to nutrient imbalances/deficiencies/toxicities covering major nutrients-nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), sulfur (S), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), and zinc (Zn). A perspective view has been given on developing miRNA-engineered biofortified crops with recent success stories. Current challenges and future strategies have also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Jamla
- Department of Biotechnology, Modern College of Arts, Science and Commerce, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind, Pune, 411016, India
| | - Shrushti Joshi
- Department of Biotechnology, Modern College of Arts, Science and Commerce, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind, Pune, 411016, India
| | - Suraj Patil
- Department of Biotechnology, Modern College of Arts, Science and Commerce, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind, Pune, 411016, India
| | - Bhumi Nath Tripathi
- Department of Biotechnology, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Amarkantak, 484887, India
| | - Vinay Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Modern College of Arts, Science and Commerce, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind, Pune, 411016, India.
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de Carvalho RRB, Bandeira e Sousa M, de Oliveira LA, de Oliveira EJ. Phenotypic diversity and selection in biofortified cassava germplasm for yield and quality root traits. EUPHYTICA: NETHERLANDS JOURNAL OF PLANT BREEDING 2022; 218:173. [PMID: 36405300 PMCID: PMC9668781 DOI: 10.1007/s10681-022-03125-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Increasing carotenoid content and improving other root quality traits has been the focus of cassava biofortification. This study aimed to (i) evaluate the genetic variability for total carotenoid content (TCC), as well as for root yield and root quality attributes; (ii) estimate potentially useful correlations for selection; and (iii) select parents for breeding and estimate the genetic gain. Data from 2011 to 2020 of 265 cassava genotypes with cream and yellow roots were analyzed for dry matter content (DMC), shoot yield, fresh root yield (FRY), dry root yield (DRY), harvest index, average number of roots per plant, starch content, root pulp color, cyanogenic compounds, and TCC. The best linear unbiased predictions showed great phenotypic variation for all traits. Six distinct groups were formed for productive characteristics of root quality, mainly TCC, DMC and FRY. Only TCC showed high broad-sense heritability ( h 2 = 0.72), while the other traits had low to medium magnitude (0.21 ≤ h 2 ≤ 0.60). TCC was strongly correlated with pulp color (r = 0.70), but null significance for DMC. The network analysis identified a clear separation between the agronomic and quality attributes of cassava roots. The selection of the 30 genotypes for recombination in the breeding program has the potential to raise TCC by 27.05% and reduce the cyanogenic compounds content by 23.03%, in addition to increasing FRY and DRY by 22.72% and 22.95%, respectively. This is the first consolidated study on the potential of germplasm for the development biofortified cassava cultivars in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravena Rocha Bessa de Carvalho
- Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Ambientais e Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia, Cruz das Almas, BA 44380-000 Brazil
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Douthwaite B, Johnson N, Wyatt A. Using Outcome Trajectory Evaluation to Assess HarvestPlus' Contribution to the Development of National Biofortification Breeding Programs. THE EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH 2022; 35:426-451. [PMID: 36373021 PMCID: PMC9638342 DOI: 10.1057/s41287-022-00569-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Improving policies-broadly defined-is at the heart of the structural transformation agenda. This paper describes the use of a new evaluation method-outcome trajectory evaluation (OTE), based on both evaluation and policy process theory-to explore the influence of HarvestPlus, a large and complex research for development program focused on improving nutrition, on a specific policy outcome, namely the establishment of biofortification crop breeding programs in national agricultural research institutes in Bangladesh, India, and Rwanda. The findings support claims of significant HarvestPlus contributions while also raising issues that need to be monitored to ensure sustainability. The paper also discusses the pros and cons of the OTE approach in terms of methodological rigor and the accumulation of learning from one evaluation to the next.
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Iron and zinc bioavailability in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) is dependent on chemical composition and cooking method. Food Chem 2022; 387:132900. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Veena M, Puthur JT. Seed nutripriming with zinc is an apt tool to alleviate malnutrition. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2022; 44:2355-2373. [PMID: 34365568 PMCID: PMC8349239 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-021-01054-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
More than 2 billion people worldwide suffer from micronutrient malnutrition, sometimes known as hidden hunger. Zn malnutrition affects around a third of the world's population. The physicochemical features of soil, which limit the availability of Zn to plants, cause Zn deficiency. The eating habits of certain populations are more depended on Zn-deficient staple foods. Due to the high expense and certain interventions such as diet diversification, zinc supplementation and food fortification cannot be achieved in disadvantaged populations. Biofortification is the most practical technique for alleviating Zn malnutrition. Seed priming with nutrients is a promising biofortification approach for edible crops. Seed nutripriming with zinc is a cost-effective and environmentally benign approach of biofortification. Seeds can be nutriprimed with Zn using a variety of methods such as Zn fertilisers, Zn chelated compounds and Zn nanoparticles. Nutripriming with nanoparticles is gaining popularity these days due to its numerous advantages and vast biofortification potential. Seeds enriched with Zn also aid plant performance in Zn-deficient soil. Zn an essential trace element can regulate physiological, biochemical and molecular processes of plant cells and thus can enhance germination, growth, yield and bioavailable Zn in edible crops. Moreover, zinc emerges as an important element of choice for the management of COVID-19 symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathew Veena
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Division, Department of Botany, University of Calicut, C. U. Campus P.O, Calicut, Kerala, 673635, India
| | - Jos T Puthur
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Division, Department of Botany, University of Calicut, C. U. Campus P.O, Calicut, Kerala, 673635, India.
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Lv G, Chen X, Ying D, Li J, Fan Y, Wang B, Fang R. Marker-assisted pyramiding of γ-tocopherol methyltransferase and glutamate formiminotransferase genes for development of biofortified sweet corn hybrids. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13629. [PMID: 35818359 PMCID: PMC9270877 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Micronutrients, including vitamins, minerals, and other bioactive compounds, have tremendous impacts on human health. Much progress has been made in improving the micronutrient content of inbred lines in various crops through biofortified breeding. However, biofortified breeding still falls short for the rapid generation of high-yielding hybrids rich in multiple micronutrients. Here, we bred multi-biofortified sweet corn hybrids efficiently through marker-assisted selection. Screening by molecular markers for vitamin E and folic acid, we obtained 15 inbred lines carrying favorable alleles (six for vitamin E, nine for folic acid, and three for both). Multiple biofortified corn hybrids were developed through crossing and genetic diversity analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guihua Lv
- Institute of Maize and Featured Upland Crops, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Dongyang, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaolong Chen
- Institute of Maize and Featured Upland Crops, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Dongyang, Zhejiang, China
| | - Duo Ying
- Institute of Maize and Featured Upland Crops, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Dongyang, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiansheng Li
- National Maize Improvement Center of China, Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yinghu Fan
- Chuxiong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chuxiong, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Institute of Vegetables, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ruiqiu Fang
- Institute of Maize and Featured Upland Crops, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Dongyang, Zhejiang, China
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13
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Current Status and Potential of Biofortification to Enhance Crop Nutritional Quality: An Overview. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14063301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Around 2 billion people are suffering from chronic malnutrition or “hidden hunger”, which is the result of many diseases and disorders, including cognitive degeneration, stunting growth, and mortality. Thus, biofortification of staple food crops enriched with micronutrients is a more sustainable option for providing nutritional supplements and managing malnutrition in a society. Since 2001, when the concept of biofortification came to light, different research activities have been carried out, like the development of target populations, breeding or genetic engineering, and the release of biofortified cultivars, in addition to conducting nutritional efficacy trials and delivery plan development. Although, being a cost-effective intervention, it still faces many challenges, like easy accessibility of biofortified cultivars, stakeholders’ acceptance, and the availability of biofortified germplasm in the public domain, which varies from region to region. Hence, this review is focused on the recent potential, efforts made to crop biofortification, impacts analysis on human health, cost-effectiveness, and future perspectives to further strengthen biofortification programs. Through regular interventions of sustainable techniques and methodologies, biofortification holds huge potential to solve the malnutrition problem through regular interventions of nutrient-enriched staple food options for billions of people globally.
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14
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de Carvalho RRB, Marmolejo Cortes DF, Bandeira e Sousa M, de Oliveira LA, de Oliveira EJ. Image-based phenotyping of cassava roots for diversity studies and carotenoids prediction. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0263326. [PMID: 35100324 PMCID: PMC8803208 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0263326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenotyping to quantify the total carotenoids content (TCC) is sensitive, time-consuming, tedious, and costly. The development of high-throughput phenotyping tools is essential for screening hundreds of cassava genotypes in a short period of time in the biofortification program. This study aimed to (i) use digital images to extract information on the pulp color of cassava roots and estimate correlations with TCC, and (ii) select predictive models for TCC using colorimetric indices. Red, green and blue images were captured in root samples from 228 biofortified genotypes and the difference in color was analyzed using L*, a*, b*, hue and chroma indices from the International Commission on Illumination (CIELAB) color system and lightness. Colorimetric data were used for principal component analysis (PCA), correlation and for developing prediction models for TCC based on regression and machine learning. A high positive correlation between TCC and the variables b* (r = 0.90) and chroma (r = 0.89) was identified, while the other correlations were median and negative, and the L* parameter did not present a significant correlation with TCC. In general, the accuracy of most prediction models (with all variables and only the most important ones) was high (R2 ranging from 0.81 to 0.94). However, the artificial neural network prediction model presented the best predictive ability (R2 = 0.94), associated with the smallest error in the TCC estimates (root-mean-square error of 0.24). The structure of the studied population revealed five groups and high genetic variability based on PCA regarding colorimetric indices and TCC. Our results demonstrated that the use of data obtained from digital image analysis is an economical, fast, and effective alternative for the development of TCC phenotyping tools in cassava roots with high predictive ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravena Rocha Bessa de Carvalho
- Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Ambientais e Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia, Rua Rui Barbosa, Cruz das Almas, BA, Brazil
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15
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Gangashetty PI, Riyazaddin M, Sanogo MD, Inousa D, Issoufou KA, Asungre PA, Sy O, Govindaraj M, Ignatius AI. Identification of High-Yielding Iron-Biofortified Open-Pollinated Varieties of Pearl Millet in West Africa. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:688937. [PMID: 34630450 PMCID: PMC8492886 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.688937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Pearl millet is a predominant food and fodder crop in West Africa. This study was carried out to test the newly developed open-pollinated varieties (OPVs) for field performance and stability for grain yield, grain iron (Fe), and grain zinc (Zn) contents across 10 locations in West Africa (i.e., Niger, Nigeria, Mali, Burkina Faso, Senegal, and Ghana). The test material consisted of 30 OPVs, of which 8 are Fe/Zn biofortified. The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design in three replications. ANOVA revealed highly significant variability for grain yield and micronutrient traits. The presence of genotype × environment (G × E) indicated that the expressions of traits are significantly influenced by both genetic and G × E factors, for grain Fe and Zn contents. Days to 50% flowering and plant height showed less G × E, suggesting these traits are largely under genetic control. The genotypes CHAKTI (46 days), ICTP 8203 (46 days), ICMV 177002 (50 days), ICMV 177003 (48 days), and Moro (53 days) had exhibited early flowering across locations leading to early physiological maturity. CHAKTI (1.42 t/ha yield; 62.24 mg/kg of grain Fe, 47.29 mg/kg of grain Zn) and ICMP 177002 (1.19 t/ha yield, 62.62 mg/kg of grain Fe, 46.62 mg/kg of grain Zn) have performed well for grain yield and also for micronutrients, across locations, compared with the check. Additive Main Effect and Multiplicative Interaction (AMMI) ANOVA revealed the highly significant genotypic differences, the mean sum of squares of environment, and its interaction with the genotypes. Based on the AMMI stability value (ASV), the most stable genotype is SOSAT-C88 (ASV = 0.04) for grain yield and resistance to downy mildew; mean grain yield and stability rankings (YSI) revealed that the genotypes CHAKTI, SOSAT-C88, and ICMV IS 99001 were high yielding and expressed stability across regions. The strong correlation (r = 0.98∗∗) of grain Fe and Zn contents that merits Fe-based selection is highly rewarding. CHAKTI outperformed over other genotypes for grain yield (71% higher), especially with early maturing varieties in West Africa, such as GB 8735, LCIC 9702, and Jirani, and for grain Fe (16.11% higher) and Zn (7% higher) contents across locations, and made a candidate of high-iron variety to be promoted for combating the micronutrient malnutrition in West and Central Africa (WCA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakash I. Gangashetty
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, (ICRISAT), Patancheru, India
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, (ICRISAT), Niamey, Niger
| | - Mohammed Riyazaddin
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, (ICRISAT), Niamey, Niger
| | | | - Drabo Inousa
- Institut de l’Environnement et du Recherches Agricoles de Burkina Faso (INERA), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | | | | | - Ousmane Sy
- Senegalese Institute of Agricultural Research (ISRA), Bambey, Senegal
| | - Mahalingam Govindaraj
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, (ICRISAT), Patancheru, India
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16
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Katuuramu DN, Wiesinger JA, Luyima GB, Nkalubo ST, Glahn RP, Cichy KA. Investigation of Genotype by Environment Interactions for Seed Zinc and Iron Concentration and Iron Bioavailability in Common Bean. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:670965. [PMID: 34040625 PMCID: PMC8141707 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.670965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Iron and zinc malnutrition are global public health concerns afflicting mostly infants, children, and women in low- and middle-income countries with widespread consumption of plant-based diets. Common bean is a widely consumed staple crop around the world and is an excellent source of protein, fiber, and minerals including iron and zinc. The development of nutrient-dense common bean varieties that deliver more bioavailable iron and zinc with a high level of trait stability requires a measurement of the contributions from genotype, environment, and genotype by environment interactions. In this research, we investigated the magnitude of genotype by environment interaction for seed zinc and iron concentration and seed iron bioavailability (FeBIO) using a set of nine test genotypes and three farmers' local check varieties. The research germplasm was evaluated for two field seasons across nine on-farm locations in three agro-ecological zones in Uganda. Seed zinc concentration ranged from 18.0 to 42.0 μg g-1 and was largely controlled by genotype, location, and the interaction between location and season [28.0, 26.2, and 14.7% of phenotypic variability explained (PVE), respectively]. Within a genotype, zinc concentration ranged on average 12 μg g-1 across environments. Seed iron concentration varied from 40.7 to 96.7 μg g-1 and was largely controlled by genotype, location, and the interaction between genotype, location, and season (25.7, 17.4, and 13.7% of PVE, respectively). Within a genotype, iron concentration ranged on average 28 μg g-1 across environments. Seed FeBIO ranged from 8 to 116% of Merlin navy control and was largely controlled by genotype (68.3% of PVE). The red mottled genotypes (Rozi Koko and Chijar) accumulated the most seed zinc and iron concentration, while the yellow (Ervilha and Cebo Cela) and white (Blanco Fanesquero) genotypes had the highest seed FeBIO and performed better than the three farmers' local check genotypes (NABE-4, NABE-15, and Masindi yellow). The genotypes with superior and stable trait performance, especially the Manteca seed class which combine high iron and zinc concentrations with high FeBIO, would serve as valuable parental materials for crop improvement breeding programs aimed at enhancing the nutritional value of the common bean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis N. Katuuramu
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- USDA – ARS, U.S. Vegetable Laboratory, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Jason A. Wiesinger
- USDA – ARS, Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Gabriel B. Luyima
- Legumes Research Program, National Crops Resources Research Institute, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Stanley T. Nkalubo
- Legumes Research Program, National Crops Resources Research Institute, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Raymond P. Glahn
- USDA – ARS, Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Karen A. Cichy
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- USDA – ARS, Sugarbeet and Bean Research Unit, East Lansing, MI, United States
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17
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Juste Contin Gomes M, Stampini Duarte Martino H, Tako E. Effects of Iron and Zinc Biofortified Foods on Gut Microbiota In Vivo ( Gallus gallus): A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13010189. [PMID: 33435398 PMCID: PMC7827887 DOI: 10.3390/nu13010189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary iron and zinc deficiencies are a global health concern. Bacteria that colonize the gastrointestinal tract depend on minerals to maintain their activities; thus, recent evidence suggests that biofortified foods can modulate the host’s beneficial bacterial taxa. The current review analyzed the research data that linked between iron and zinc biofortified foods and gut microbiota modulation. The data analysis was based on the PRISMA guidelines and the data search was performed at PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct, and Scopus databases for experimental studies published from January 2010 until December 2020. The five selected studies were conducted in an experimental in vivo model (Gallus gallus). The identified and discussed research showed positive effects of biofortified foods on the composition and function of the gut microbiota. Further, an increase in short chain fatty acids producing bacterial populations as Lactobacillus and Ruminococcus, and a decrease in potentially pathogenic bacteria as Streptococcus, Escherichia, and Enterobacter was identified due to the consumption of biofortified foods. In conclusion, biofortified foods may contribute to improved gut health without increasing the colonization of pathogenic bacteria. The dietary inclusion of approximately 50% of iron/zinc biofortified foods has a significant beneficial effect on the gut microbiota. Additional studies in humans and animal models are warranted to further establish the suggested effects on the intestinal microbiome. PROSPERO (CRD42020184221).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Juste Contin Gomes
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, MG 36570-000, Brazil; (M.J.C.G.); (H.S.D.M.)
| | | | - Elad Tako
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Stocking Hall, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-607-255-0884
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18
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Roorkiwal M, Pandey S, Thavarajah D, Hemalatha R, Varshney RK. Molecular Mechanisms and Biochemical Pathways for Micronutrient Acquisition and Storage in Legumes to Support Biofortification for Nutritional Security. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:682842. [PMID: 34163513 PMCID: PMC8215609 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.682842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The world faces a grave situation of nutrient deficiency as a consequence of increased uptake of calorie-rich food that threaten nutritional security. More than half the world's population is affected by different forms of malnutrition. Unhealthy diets associated with poor nutrition carry a significant risk of developing non-communicable diseases, leading to a high mortality rate. Although considerable efforts have been made in agriculture to increase nutrient content in cereals, the successes are insufficient. The number of people affected by different forms of malnutrition has not decreased much in the recent past. While legumes are an integral part of the food system and widely grown in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia, only limited efforts have been made to increase their nutrient content in these regions. Genetic variation for a majority of nutritional traits that ensure nutritional security in adverse conditions exists in the germplasm pool of legume crops. This diversity can be utilized by selective breeding for increased nutrients in seeds. The targeted identification of precise factors related to nutritional traits and their utilization in a breeding program can help mitigate malnutrition. The principal objective of this review is to present the molecular mechanisms of nutrient acquisition, transport and metabolism to support a biofortification strategy in legume crops to contribute to addressing malnutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Roorkiwal
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, India
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Sarita Pandey
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, India
| | - Dil Thavarajah
- Plant and Environmental Sciences, Poole Agricultural Center, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States
| | - R. Hemalatha
- ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition (NIN), Hyderabad, India
| | - Rajeev K. Varshney
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, India
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Centre for Crop and Food Innovation, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
- *Correspondence: Rajeev K. Varshney, ;
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19
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Oteh OU, Hefferon K, Agwu NM. Moving Biofortified Cassava Products Closer to Market in Nigeria. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2020. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2020.589424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Food must be acceptable, affordable, and available to consumers and consumers must have the resources, knowledge, and correct mindset to purchase and consume these foods. The narrative of this study centered on moving biofortified food closer to market by looking at awareness, adoption, and consumer mindsets as pillars to achieve market access. Our findings show that in Abia state, Nigeria, consumers are aware of biofortified cassava. This signifies a high market potential and economic opportunity for stakeholders in the supply chain. Unfortunately, consumers lack understanding of biofortified cassava's nutrition value. The high adoption level of biofortified cassava has implications on investment and stimulation of the local economy. The study identified accessibility, purposefulness and innovation as vital mindset drivers to scale market demand, and factors that affect both consumption, production, and marketing of the product. This study provides insight regarding potential priority areas of action for government policy interventions to stimulate demand and supply opportunities. This study also provides evidence that scaling up demand will depend on awareness creation. There is a need to improve communication networks to provide overwhelming product acceptance, adoption, and consumption of biofortified cassava. This will help change remaining myths about agro-biotechnology and the bioeconomy.
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20
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Liberal Â, Pinela J, Vívar-Quintana AM, Ferreira ICFR, Barros L. Fighting Iron-Deficiency Anemia: Innovations in Food Fortificants and Biofortification Strategies. Foods 2020; 9:E1871. [PMID: 33333874 PMCID: PMC7765292 DOI: 10.3390/foods9121871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron deficiency remains one of the main nutritional disorders worldwide and low iron intake and/or bioavailability are currently the major causes of anemia. To fight this public health problem, the scientific challenge is to find an iron form with sufficient bioavailability to increase its levels in humans through food fortification. In turn, biofortification appears as a comparatively advantageous and bearable strategy for the delivery of vitamins and other micronutrients for people without access to a healthy and diverse diet. This approach relies on plant breeding, transgenic techniques, or agronomic practices to obtain a final food product with a higher iron content. It is also known that certain food constituents are able to favor or inhibit iron absorption. The management of these compounds can thus successfully improve the absorption of dietary iron and, ultimately, contribute to fight this disorder present all over the world. This review describes the main causes/manifestations of iron-deficiency anemia, forms of disease prevention and treatment, and the importance of a balanced and preventive diet. A special focus was given to innovative food fortification and biofortification procedures used to improve the iron content in staple food crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ângela Liberal
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; (Â.L.); (I.C.F.R.F.)
| | - José Pinela
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; (Â.L.); (I.C.F.R.F.)
| | - Ana Maria Vívar-Quintana
- Tecnología de los Alimentos, Escuela Politécnica Superior de Zamora, Universidad de Salamanca, Avenida Requejo 33, 49022 Zamora, Spain;
| | - Isabel C. F. R. Ferreira
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; (Â.L.); (I.C.F.R.F.)
| | - Lillian Barros
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; (Â.L.); (I.C.F.R.F.)
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21
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Sarwar N, Akhtar M, Kamran MA, Imran M, Riaz MA, Kamran K, Hussain S. Selenium biofortification in food crops: Key mechanisms and future perspectives. J Food Compost Anal 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2020.103615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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22
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Heck S, Campos H, Barker I, Okello JJ, Baral A, Boy E, Brown L, Birol E. Resilient agri-food systems for nutrition amidst COVID-19: evidence and lessons from food-based approaches to overcome micronutrient deficiency and rebuild livelihoods after crises. Food Secur 2020; 12:823-830. [PMID: 32839664 PMCID: PMC7381414 DOI: 10.1007/s12571-020-01067-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
COVID-19 has had an instant effect on food systems in developing countries. Restrictions to the movement of people and goods have impaired access to markets, services and food. Unlike other concurrent crises, rather than threatening the material hardware of food systems, COVID-19 has so far affected the 'software' of food systems, highlighting again that connectivity is at the heart of these systems. Drops in demand, the loss of markets and employment and growing concerns about international cooperation are indications of possible deeper disruptions to come. Amidst this uncertainty, strategies to safeguard food and nutrition security of the world's poor need to prioritize diversification of production and markets. Nutritious, biofortified crops such as potato, sweetpotato, but also wheat, maize and beans among others, can play a more significant role to provide key micronutrients (vitamin A, iron, zinc) at large scale. Strong local market chains, robust smallholder production systems and increasing commercial utilization make these crops powerful vehicles for securing nutrition when markets and mobility look uncertain. We posit that the evolving impacts of COVID-19 provide an opportunity to focus agricultural innovations, including the development and delivery of biofortified crops, on new and more specifically defined 'jobs to be done' throughout the food system. This will help bridge some of the current disruptions in supply and demand and will help prepare food systems for future crises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Heck
- International Potato Center, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | - Ian Barker
- International Potato Center, Basel, Switzerland
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23
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Ashokkumar K, Govindaraj M, Karthikeyan A, Shobhana VG, Warkentin TD. Genomics-Integrated Breeding for Carotenoids and Folates in Staple Cereal Grains to Reduce Malnutrition. Front Genet 2020; 11:414. [PMID: 32547594 PMCID: PMC7274173 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Globally, two billion people suffer from micronutrient deficiencies. Cereal grains provide more than 50% of the daily requirement of calories in human diets, but they often fail to provide adequate essential minerals and vitamins. Cereal crop production in developing countries achieved remarkable yield gains through the efforts of the Green Revolution (117% in rice, 30% in wheat, 530% in maize, and 188% in pearl millet). However, modern varieties are often deficient in essential micronutrients compared to traditional varieties and land races. Breeding for nutritional quality in staple cereals is a challenging task; however, biofortification initiatives combined with genomic tools increase the feasibility. Current biofortification breeding activities include improving rice (for zinc), wheat (for zinc), maize (for provitamin A), and pearl millet (for iron and zinc). Biofortification is a sustainable approach to enrich staple cereals with provitamin A, carotenoids, and folates. Significant genetic variation has been found for provitamin A (96-850 μg and 12-1780 μg in 100 g in wheat and maize, respectively), carotenoids (558-6730 μg in maize), and folates in rice (11-51 μg) and wheat (32.3-89.1 μg) in 100 g. This indicates the prospects for biofortification breeding. Several QTLs associated with carotenoids and folates have been identified in major cereals, and the most promising of these are presented here. Breeding for essential nutrition should be a core objective of next-generation crop breeding. This review synthesizes the available literature on folates, provitamin A, and carotenoids in rice, wheat, maize, and pearl millet, including genetic variation, trait discovery, QTL identification, gene introgressions, and the strategy of genomics-assisted biofortification for these traits. Recent evidence shows that genomics-assisted breeding for grain nutrition in rice, wheat, maize, and pearl millet crops have good potential to aid in the alleviation of micronutrient malnutrition in many developing countries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mahalingam Govindaraj
- Crop Improvement program, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Hyderabad, India
| | - Adhimoolam Karthikeyan
- Subtropical Horticulture Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju, South Korea
| | - V. G. Shobhana
- Crop Improvement program, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Hyderabad, India
| | - Thomas D. Warkentin
- Department of Plant Sciences, College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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24
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Hummel M, Talsma EF, Taleon V, Londoño L, Brychkova G, Gallego S, Raatz B, Spillane C. Iron, Zinc and Phytic Acid Retention of Biofortified, Low Phytic Acid, and Conventional Bean Varieties When Preparing Common Household Recipes. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12030658. [PMID: 32121231 PMCID: PMC7146319 DOI: 10.3390/nu12030658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofortification is an effective method to improve the nutritional content of crops and nutritional intake. Breeding for higher micronutrient mineral content in beans is correlated with an increase in phytic acid, a main inhibitor of mineral absorption in humans. Low phytic acid (lpa) beans have a 90% lower phytic acid content compared to conventional beans. This is the first study to investigate mineral and total phytic acid retention after preparing common household recipes from conventional, biofortified and lpa beans. Mineral retention was determined for two conventional, three biofortified and two lpa bean genotypes. Treatments included soaking, boiling (boiled beans) and refrying (bean paste). The average true retention of iron after boiling was 77.2-91.3%; for zinc 41.2-84.0%; and for phytic acid 49.9-85.9%. Soaking led to a significant decrease in zinc and total phytic acid after boiling and refrying, whereas for iron no significant differences were found. lpa beans did not exhibit a consistent pattern of difference in iron and phytic acid retention compared to the other groups of beans. However, lpa beans had a significantly lower retention of zinc compared to conventional and biofortified varieties (p < 0.05). More research is needed to understand the underlying factors responsible for the differences in retention between the groups of beans, especially the low retention of zinc. Combining the lpa and biofortification traits could further improve the nutritional benefits of biofortified beans, by decreasing the phytic acid:iron and zinc ratio in beans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marijke Hummel
- Plant and AgriBiosciences Research Centre (PABC), Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, H91 REW4 Galway, Ireland; (M.H.); (G.B.)
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Elise F. Talsma
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Victor Taleon
- HarvestPlus. c/o International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), Washington, DC 20005-3915, USA;
| | - Luis Londoño
- International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Cali 763537, Colombia; (L.L.); (S.G.); (B.R.)
| | - Galina Brychkova
- Plant and AgriBiosciences Research Centre (PABC), Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, H91 REW4 Galway, Ireland; (M.H.); (G.B.)
| | - Sonia Gallego
- International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Cali 763537, Colombia; (L.L.); (S.G.); (B.R.)
| | - Bodo Raatz
- International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Cali 763537, Colombia; (L.L.); (S.G.); (B.R.)
| | - Charles Spillane
- Plant and AgriBiosciences Research Centre (PABC), Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, H91 REW4 Galway, Ireland; (M.H.); (G.B.)
- Correspondence:
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Zhu Q, Wang B, Tan J, Liu T, Li L, Liu YG. Plant Synthetic Metabolic Engineering for Enhancing Crop Nutritional Quality. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2020; 1:100017. [PMID: 33404538 PMCID: PMC7747972 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2019.100017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Nutrient deficiencies in crops are a serious threat to human health, especially for populations in poor areas. To overcome this problem, the development of crops with nutrient-enhanced traits is imperative. Biofortification of crops to improve nutritional quality helps combat nutrient deficiencies by increasing the levels of specific nutrient components. Compared with agronomic practices and conventional plant breeding, plant metabolic engineering and synthetic biology strategies are more effective and accurate in synthesizing specific micronutrients, phytonutrients, and/or bioactive components in crops. In this review, we discuss recent progress in the field of plant synthetic metabolic engineering, specifically in terms of research strategies of multigene stacking tools and engineering complex metabolic pathways, with a focus on improving traits related to micronutrients, phytonutrients, and bioactive components. Advances and innovations in plant synthetic metabolic engineering would facilitate the development of nutrient-enriched crops to meet the nutritional needs of humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinlong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources; College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Bin Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources; College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jiantao Tan
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources; College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Taoli Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources; College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Li Li
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, USDA-ARS, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
- Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| | - Yao-Guang Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources; College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Corresponding author
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Ohly H, Broadley MR, Joy EJM, Khan MJ, McArdle H, Zaman M, Zia M, Lowe N. The BiZiFED project: Biofortified zinc flour to eliminate deficiency in Pakistan. NUTR BULL 2019; 44:60-64. [PMID: 31217749 PMCID: PMC6559288 DOI: 10.1111/nbu.12362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Zinc deficiency is a global public health problem, affecting ~17% of the world's population, with the greatest burden in low- and middle-income countries. An increasing body of evidence suggests that biofortification may be a cost-effective and sustainable approach to reducing zinc and other micronutrient deficiencies. Biofortification enhances the nutritional quality of food crops through conventional plant breeding techniques and agronomic practices. This paper presents ongoing research on biofortification in Pakistan, where over 40% of women are zinc deficient. The Biofortified Zinc Flour to Eliminate Deficiency (BiZiFED) project aims to investigate the impact of biofortification as a strategy to alleviate zinc deficiency in Pakistan. The project is supported by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) Global Challenges Research Fund from May 2017 to April 2019. This paper outlines the four objectives and work packages within the BiZiFED project: (1) a double-blind, randomised controlled trial to examine the effect of consuming flour made from a high zinc variety of biofortified wheat (Zincol-2016/NR-421) on dietary zinc intake and status; (2) a cost-effectiveness study to assess the health and economic impact of agronomic biofortification of wheat; (3) a mixed methods study to explore the cultural acceptability and sustainability of biofortification in Pakistan; (4) capacity building and development of long-term research partnerships in Pakistan. The findings will contribute to the evidence base for the potential impact of biofortification to alleviate zinc deficiency among the poorest communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Ohly
- University of Central LancashirePrestonUK
| | | | - E. J. M. Joy
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical MedicineLondonUK
| | - M. J. Khan
- Khyber Medical UniversityPeshawarPakistan
| | | | - M. Zaman
- Khyber Medical College and Teaching HospitalPeshawarPakistan
| | - M. Zia
- Fauji Fertilizer Company LimitedRawalpindiPakistan
| | - N. Lowe
- University of Central LancashirePrestonUK
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Strobbe S, De Lepeleire J, Van Der Straeten D. From in planta Function to Vitamin-Rich Food Crops: The ACE of Biofortification. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1862. [PMID: 30619424 PMCID: PMC6305313 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Humans are highly dependent on plants to reach their dietary requirements, as plant products contribute both to energy and essential nutrients. For many decades, plant breeders have been able to gradually increase yields of several staple crops, thereby alleviating nutritional needs with varying degrees of success. However, many staple crops such as rice, wheat and corn, although delivering sufficient calories, fail to satisfy micronutrient demands, causing the so called 'hidden hunger.' Biofortification, the process of augmenting nutritional quality of food through the use of agricultural methodologies, is a pivotal asset in the fight against micronutrient malnutrition, mainly due to vitamin and mineral deficiencies. Several technical advances have led to recent breakthroughs. Nutritional genomics has come to fruition based on marker-assisted breeding enabling rapid identification of micronutrient related quantitative trait loci (QTL) in the germplasm of interest. As a complement to these breeding techniques, metabolic engineering approaches, relying on a continuously growing fundamental knowledge of plant metabolism, are able to overcome some of the inevitable pitfalls of breeding. Alteration of micronutrient levels does also require fundamental knowledge about their role and influence on plant growth and development. This review focuses on our knowledge about provitamin A (beta-carotene), vitamin C (ascorbate) and the vitamin E group (tocochromanols). We begin by providing an overview of the functions of these vitamins in planta, followed by highlighting some of the achievements in the nutritional enhancement of food crops via conventional breeding and genetic modification, concluding with an evaluation of the need for such biofortification interventions. The review further elaborates on the vast potential of creating nutritionally enhanced crops through multi-pathway engineering and the synergistic potential of conventional breeding in combination with genetic engineering, including the impact of novel genome editing technologies.
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Lockyer S, White A, Buttriss JL. Biofortified crops for tackling micronutrient deficiencies - what impact are these having in developing countries and could they be of relevance within Europe? NUTR BULL 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/nbu.12347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - A. White
- British Nutrition Foundation; London UK
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Lockyer S, White A, Walton J, Buttriss JL. Proceedings of the ‘Working together to consider the role of biofortification in the global food chain’ workshop. NUTR BULL 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/nbu.12348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - A. White
- British Nutrition Foundation; London UK
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Chaves-Silva S, Santos ALD, Chalfun-Júnior A, Zhao J, Peres LEP, Benedito VA. Understanding the genetic regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis in plants - Tools for breeding purple varieties of fruits and vegetables. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2018; 153:11-27. [PMID: 29803860 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2018.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Anthocyanins are naturally occurring flavonoids derived from the phenylpropanoid pathway. There is increasing evidence of the preventative and protective roles of anthocyanins against a broad range of pathologies, including different cancer types and metabolic diseases. However, most of the fresh produce available to consumers typically contains only small amounts of anthocyanins, mostly limited to the epidermis of plant organs. Therefore, transgenic and non-transgenic approaches have been proposed to enhance the levels of this phytonutrient in vegetables, fruits, and cereals. Here, were review the current literature on the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway in model and crop species, including the structural and regulatory genes involved in the differential pigmentation patterns of plant structures. Furthermore, we explore the genetic regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis and the reasons why it is strongly repressed in specific cell types, in order to create more efficient breeding strategies to boost the biosynthesis and accumulation of anthocyanins in fresh fruits and vegetables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Chaves-Silva
- Division of Plant and Soil Sciences, West Virginia University, 3425 New Agricultural Sciences Building, 6108, Morgantown, WV 26506-6108, USA; Biology Department, Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), Lavras, MG, 37200-000, Brazil
| | - Adolfo Luís Dos Santos
- Division of Plant and Soil Sciences, West Virginia University, 3425 New Agricultural Sciences Building, 6108, Morgantown, WV 26506-6108, USA; Biology Department, Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), Lavras, MG, 37200-000, Brazil
| | - Antonio Chalfun-Júnior
- Biology Department, Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), Lavras, MG, 37200-000, Brazil
| | - Jian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, College of Tea and Food Science & Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Lázaro E P Peres
- Department of Biological Sciences, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz" (ESALQ), University of São Paulo (USP), Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Vagner Augusto Benedito
- Division of Plant and Soil Sciences, West Virginia University, 3425 New Agricultural Sciences Building, 6108, Morgantown, WV 26506-6108, USA.
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Olum S, Gellynck X, Okello C, Webale D, Odongo W, Ongeng D, De Steur H. Stakeholders' Perceptions of Agronomic Iodine Biofortification: A SWOT-AHP Analysis in Northern Uganda. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10040407. [PMID: 29587370 PMCID: PMC5946192 DOI: 10.3390/nu10040407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Agronomic biofortification (i.e., the application of fertilizer to elevate micronutrient concentrations in staple crops) is a recent strategy recommended for controlling Iodine Deficiency Disorders (IDDs). However, its success inevitably depends on stakeholders’ appreciation and acceptance of it. By taking Northern Uganda as a case, this study aimed to capture and compare the perceptions of seven key stakeholder groups with respect to agronomic iodine biofortification. Therefore, we employed a SWOT (Strength, Weaknesses, Opportunities & Threats) analysis in combination with an Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). Findings show that stakeholders (n = 56) are generally positive about agronomic iodine biofortification in Uganda, as its strengths and opportunities outweighed weaknesses and threats. Cultural acceptance and effectiveness are considered the most important strengths while the high IDD prevalence rate and the availability of iodine deficient soils are key opportunities for further developing agronomic iodine biofortification. Environmental concerns about synthetic fertilizers as well as the time needed to supply iodine were considered crucial weaknesses. The limited use of fertilizer in Uganda was the main threat. While this study provides insight into important issues and priorities for iodine biofortification technology in Uganda, including differences in stakeholder views, the application of the SWOT-AHP method will guide future researchers and health planners conducting stakeholder analysis in similar domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solomon Olum
- Department of Agricultural Economics, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
- Department of Food Science and Postharvest Technology, Gulu University, P.O. Box 166, Gulu, Uganda.
| | - Xavier Gellynck
- Department of Agricultural Economics, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Collins Okello
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Gulu University, P.O. Box 166, Gulu, Uganda.
| | - Dominic Webale
- Department of Rural Development and Agribusiness, Gulu University, P.O. Box 166, Gulu, Uganda.
- School of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Mountains of the Moon University, Fort Portal, Uganda.
| | - Walter Odongo
- Department of Agricultural Economics, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
- Department of Rural Development and Agribusiness, Gulu University, P.O. Box 166, Gulu, Uganda.
| | - Duncan Ongeng
- Department of Food Science and Postharvest Technology, Gulu University, P.O. Box 166, Gulu, Uganda.
| | - Hans De Steur
- Department of Agricultural Economics, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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Tuberosa R, Frascaroli E, Salvi S. Leveraging plant genomics for better and healthier food. Curr Opin Food Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cofs.2017.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Guild GE, Paltridge NG, Andersson MS, Stangoulis JCR. An energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence method for analyzing Fe and Zn in common bean, maize and cowpea biofortification programs. PLANT AND SOIL 2017. [PMID: 32968327 DOI: 10.1007/s11104-017-3352-3354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Biofortification breeding programs have the need for rapid and accurate screening methods to identify nutrient dense genotypes. This study explores the use of energy dispersive x-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) for the rapid screening of iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) concentration in three coarse-grain crops; common bean, maize and cowpea. METHODS Bean, maize and cowpea seed was provided from biofortification breeding programs and analysed with Inductively Coupled Plasma - Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) to determine reference Fe and Zn concentrations. A subset of samples for each crop was used to calibrate for Zn and Fe and a separate set of samples used to validate the XRF method. RESULTS Results indicate that when analysing bean, maize and cowpea flour samples, the EDXRF results were not significantly different to the reference ICP-MS analysis, with an average difference of ± 1 mg kg-1 for both Fe and Zn. CONCLUSION EDXRF analysis of common beans, cowpea and maize flour enables rapid and accurate analysis when screening for Fe and Zn in bean, maize and cowpea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia E Guild
- College of Science & Engineering, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia
| | - Nicholas G Paltridge
- College of Science & Engineering, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia
| | - Meike S Andersson
- HarvestPlus, International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Cali, Colombia
| | - James C R Stangoulis
- College of Science & Engineering, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia
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Guild GE, Paltridge NG, Andersson MS, Stangoulis JCR. An energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence method for analyzing Fe and Zn in common bean, maize and cowpea biofortification programs. PLANT AND SOIL 2017; 419:457-466. [PMID: 32968327 PMCID: PMC7473100 DOI: 10.1007/s11104-017-3352-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/16/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Biofortification breeding programs have the need for rapid and accurate screening methods to identify nutrient dense genotypes. This study explores the use of energy dispersive x-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) for the rapid screening of iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) concentration in three coarse-grain crops; common bean, maize and cowpea. METHODS Bean, maize and cowpea seed was provided from biofortification breeding programs and analysed with Inductively Coupled Plasma - Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) to determine reference Fe and Zn concentrations. A subset of samples for each crop was used to calibrate for Zn and Fe and a separate set of samples used to validate the XRF method. RESULTS Results indicate that when analysing bean, maize and cowpea flour samples, the EDXRF results were not significantly different to the reference ICP-MS analysis, with an average difference of ± 1 mg kg-1 for both Fe and Zn. CONCLUSION EDXRF analysis of common beans, cowpea and maize flour enables rapid and accurate analysis when screening for Fe and Zn in bean, maize and cowpea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia E Guild
- College of Science & Engineering, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia
| | - Nicholas G Paltridge
- College of Science & Engineering, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia
| | - Meike S Andersson
- HarvestPlus, International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Cali, Colombia
| | - James C R Stangoulis
- College of Science & Engineering, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia
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