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Janovska P, Zouhar P, Bardova K, Otahal J, Vrbacky M, Mracek T, Adamcova K, Lenkova L, Funda J, Cajka T, Drahota Z, Stanic S, Rustan AC, Horakova O, Houstek J, Rossmeisl M, Kopecky J. Impairment of adrenergically-regulated thermogenesis in brown fat of obesity-resistant mice is compensated by non-shivering thermogenesis in skeletal muscle. Mol Metab 2023; 69:101683. [PMID: 36720306 PMCID: PMC9922683 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2023.101683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Non-shivering thermogenesis (NST) mediated by uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) in brown adipose tissue (BAT) can be activated via the adrenergic system in response to cold or diet, contributing to both thermal and energy homeostasis. Other mechanisms, including metabolism of skeletal muscle, may also be involved in NST. However, relative contribution of these energy dissipating pathways and their adaptability remain a matter of long-standing controversy. METHODS We used warm-acclimated (30 °C) mice to characterize the effect of an up to 7-day cold acclimation (6 °C; CA) on thermoregulatory thermogenesis, comparing inbred mice with a genetic background conferring resistance (A/J) or susceptibility (C57BL/6 J) to obesity. RESULTS Both warm-acclimated C57BL/6 J and A/J mice exhibited similar cold endurance, assessed as a capability to maintain core body temperature during acute exposure to cold, which improved in response to CA, resulting in comparable cold endurance and similar induction of UCP1 protein in BAT of mice of both genotypes. Despite this, adrenergic NST in BAT was induced only in C57BL/6 J, not in A/J mice subjected to CA. Cold tolerance phenotype of A/J mice subjected to CA was not based on increased shivering, improved insulation, or changes in physical activity. On the contrary, lipidomic, proteomic and gene expression analyses along with palmitoyl carnitine oxidation and cytochrome c oxidase activity revealed induction of lipid oxidation exclusively in skeletal muscle of A/J mice subjected to CA. These changes appear to be related to skeletal muscle NST, mediated by sarcolipin-induced uncoupling of sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum calcium ATPase pump activity and accentuated by changes in mitochondrial respiratory chain supercomplexes assembly. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that NST in skeletal muscle could be adaptively augmented in the face of insufficient adrenergic NST in BAT, depending on the genetic background of the mice. It may provide both protection from cold and resistance to obesity, more effectively than BAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Janovska
- Laboratory of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 00, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Zouhar
- Laboratory of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 00, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kristina Bardova
- Laboratory of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 00, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Otahal
- Laboratory of Developmental Epileptology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Vrbacky
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Mracek
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Katerina Adamcova
- Laboratory of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 00, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Lenkova
- Laboratory of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 00, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Funda
- Laboratory of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 00, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Cajka
- Laboratory of Translational Metabolism and Laboratory of Bioactive Lipids, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenek Drahota
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Sara Stanic
- Laboratory of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 00, Prague, Czech Republic,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Vinicna 7, 128 44, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Arild C. Rustan
- Section for Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Sem Sælands vei 3, 0371, Oslo, Norway
| | - Olga Horakova
- Laboratory of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 00, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Houstek
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Rossmeisl
- Laboratory of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 00, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Kopecky
- Laboratory of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 00, Prague, Czech Republic.
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Dynamics of Fat Oxidation from Sitting at Rest to Light Exercise in Inactive Young Humans. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11060334. [PMID: 34073688 PMCID: PMC8225068 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11060334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Societal erosion of daily life low-level physical activity has had a great influence on the obesity epidemic. Given that low fat oxidation is also a risk factor for obesity, we investigated, in a repeated measures design, the dynamics of fat oxidation from a resting state to a light-intensity leg cycling exercise (0–50 watts) in inactive, healthy young adults. Using indirect calorimetry, energy expenditure and the respiratory quotient (RQ) were assessed in a sitting posture at rest and during a cycling exercise in 35 subjects (20 women). The rate of perceived exhaustion (RPE) was assessed using the Borg Scale. During graded leg cycling, the mean RPE did not exceed values corresponding to the exercise being perceived as ‘light’. However, analysis of individual data at 50 watts revealed two distinct subgroups among the subjects: those having RPE values corresponding to the exercise being perceived as ‘very light to light’ and showing no increase in RQ relative to resting levels, as opposed to an increase in RQ in those who perceived the exercise as being ‘somewhat hard to hard’ (p < 0.001). Our study in inactive individuals showing that high fat oxidation was maintained during ‘light-perceived’ physical activity reinforced the potential importance of light physical activity in the prevention of obesity.
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Sharma B, Sengupta T, Chandra Vishwakarma L, Akhtar N, Mallick HN. Muscle temperature is least altered during total sleep deprivation in rats. J Therm Biol 2021; 98:102910. [PMID: 34016337 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2021.102910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
It has often been said that the brain is mostly benefitted from sleep. To understand the importance of sleep, extensive studies on other organs are too required. One such unexplored area is the understanding of muscle physiology during the sleep-wake cycle. Changes in muscle tone with different sleep phases are evident from the rapid eye movement sleep muscle atonia. There is variation in brain and body temperature during sleep stages, the brain temperature being higher during rapid eye movement sleep than slow-wave sleep. However, the change in muscle temperature with different sleep stages is not known. In this study, we have implanted pre-calibrated K-type thermocouples in the hypothalamus and the dorsal nuchal muscle, and a peritoneal transmitter to monitor the hypothalamic, muscle, and body temperature respectively in rats during 24 h sleep-wake cycle. The changes in muscle, body, and hypothalamic temperature during total sleep deprivation were also monitored. During normal sleep-wake stages, the temperature in the decreasing order was that of the hypothalamus, body, and muscle. Total sleep deprivation by gentle handling caused a significant increase in hypothalamic and body temperature, while there was least change in the muscle temperature. The circadian rhythm of the hypothalamic and body temperature in the sleep-deprived rats was disrupted, while the same was preserved in the muscle temperature. The results of our study show that muscle atonia during rapid eye movement sleep is a physiologically regulated thermally quiescent muscle state offering a conducive environment for muscle rest and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binney Sharma
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India.
| | - Trina Sengupta
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India; Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, 342005, India.
| | - Lal Chandra Vishwakarma
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India.
| | - Nasreen Akhtar
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India.
| | - Hruda Nanda Mallick
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, SGT University, Gurgaon, Haryana, 122505, India.
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Lømo T, Eken T, Bekkestad Rein E, Njå A. Body temperature control in rats by muscle tone during rest or sleep. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2020; 228:e13348. [PMID: 31342662 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
AIM To explore the role of tonic motor unit activity in body temperature control. METHODS Motor unit activity in soleus and several other skeletal muscles was recorded electromyographically from adult rats placed in a climate chamber on a load sensitive floor, which, together with video monitoring, allowed detection of every successive period of movement and no movement. RESULTS In the absence of movements during rest or sleep, motor unit activity was exclusively tonic and therefore equivalent to muscle tone as defined here. The amount of tonic activity increased linearly in the soleus as the ambient temperature decreased from 32°C to below 7°C, owing to progressive recruitment and increased firing rate of individual units. Brief movements occurred randomly and frequently during rest or sleep in association with brief facilitation or inhibition of motor neurons that turned tonic motor unit activity on or off, partitioning the tonic activity among the available motor units. Shivering first appeared when a falling ambient temperature reached ≤7°C in several muscles except soleus, which was as active between shivering bursts as during them. CONCLUSION Muscle tone and overt shivering are strikingly different phenomena. Tonic motor unit activity in the absence of movements evokes isometric contractions and, therefore, generates heat. Accordingly, when the amount of tonic activity increases with falling ambient temperature, so must heat production. Consequently, graded muscle tone appears as an important and independent mechanism for thermogenesis during rest or sleep at ambient temperatures ranging from <7°C to at least 32°C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terje Lømo
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences University of Oslo Oslo Norway
| | - Torsten Eken
- Department of Anaesthesiology Oslo University Hospital Oslo Norway
| | | | - Arild Njå
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences University of Oslo Oslo Norway
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Isacco L, Miles-Chan JL. Gender-specific considerations in physical activity, thermogenesis and fat oxidation: implications for obesity management. Obes Rev 2018; 19 Suppl 1:73-83. [PMID: 30511503 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
With current 'one-size-fits-all' obesity prevention and management strategies proving largely ineffective, the focus has shifted towards a more tailored, individualized approach. However, investigation of the mechanisms underlying inter-individual variability in metabolic profile and response to intervention often yield conflicting results. Indeed, it is perhaps surprising that despite at least a century of recognition that sex hormones influence metabolism, firm conclusions regarding the effects of the menstrual cycle, hormonal contraception and menopause on many aspects of energy expenditure and substrate utilization remain to be drawn. In this review, we examine current evidence relating to gender-specific considerations in the promotion of physical activity, thermogenesis and fat oxidation for body-weight regulation, including the relationship between sex hormone status and non-exercise activity thermogenesis - an energy expenditure compartment that is often overlooked in favour of traditional exercise/sport physical activities yet presents a viable target in the search for effective weight management.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Isacco
- Research Unit EA3920 Prognostic Markers and Regulatory Factors of Cardiovascular Diseases and Exercise Performance Health Innovation Platform, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - J L Miles-Chan
- Human Nutrition Unit, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Blondin DP, Haman F. Shivering and nonshivering thermogenesis in skeletal muscles. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2018; 156:153-173. [PMID: 30454588 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-63912-7.00010-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Humans have inherited complex neural circuits which drive behavioral, somatic, and autonomic thermoregulatory responses to defend their body temperature. While they are well adapted to dissipate heat in warm climates, they have a reduced capacity to preserve it in cold environments. Consequently, heat production is critical to defending their core temperature. As in other large mammals, skeletal muscles are the primary source of heat production recruited in cold-exposed humans. This is achieved voluntarily in the form of contractions from exercising muscles or involuntarily in the form of contractions from shivering muscles and the recruitment of nonshivering mechanisms. This review describes our current understanding of shivering and nonshivering thermogenesis in skeletal muscles, from the neural circuitry driving their recruitment to the metabolic substrates that fuel them. The presence of these heat-producing mechanisms can be measured in vivo by combining indirect respiratory calorimetry with electromyography or biomedical imaging modalities. Indeed, much of what is known regarding shivering in humans and other animal models stems from studies performed using these methods combined with in situ and in vivo neurologic techniques. More recent investigations have focused on understanding the metabolic processes that produce the heat from both contracting and noncontracting mechanisms. With the growing interest in the potential therapeutic benefits of shivering and nonshivering skeletal muscle to counter the effects of neuromuscular, cardiovascular, and metabolic diseases, we expect this field to continue its growth in the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis P Blondin
- Department of Medicine, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada.
| | - François Haman
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Melville CA, McGarty A, Harris L, Hughes-McCormack L, Baltzer M, McArthur LA, Morrison J, Allan L, Cooper SA. A population-based, cross-sectional study of the prevalence and correlates of sedentary behaviour of adults with intellectual disabilities. JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH : JIDR 2018; 62:60-71. [PMID: 29214701 DOI: 10.1111/jir.12454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High levels of sedentary behaviour have a negative impact on health and well-being. There is limited evidence on the prevalence and correlates of sedentary behaviour of adults with intellectual disabilities (ID). METHODS A population-based sample of adults with ID were invited to take part in a comprehensive health check programme. Demographic and health data were collected during a structured interview and physical examination. Screen time was used as a proxy measure of sedentary behaviour. Bivariate and multivariate statistical modelling examined correlates of screen time. RESULTS Fifty per cent of the 725 participants reported four or more hours of screen time per day. Male gender, higher levels of intellectual ability, mobility problems, obesity, not having hearing impairment and not having epilepsy were all significantly associated with higher screen time in the final multivariate model (R2 = 0.16; Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness of fit statistic P = 0.36). CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to publish population-based data on the prevalence and correlates of sedentary behaviour in adults with ID. Compared with adults who do not have ID, adults with ID have higher levels, and different correlates, of sedentary behaviour. A better understanding of the social context of sedentary behaviour will inform the design of effective behaviour change programmes for adults with ID.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Melville
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - A McGarty
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - L Harris
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - L Hughes-McCormack
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - M Baltzer
- School of Social and Political Sciences, College of Social Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - L A McArthur
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - J Morrison
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - L Allan
- Care, Support & Rights Division, Population Health Improvement Directorate, Scottish Government, Edinburgh, UK
| | - S-A Cooper
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Spontaneous physical activity (SPA) is a physical activity not motivated by a rewarding goal, such as that associated with food-seeking or wheel-running behavior. SPA is often thought of as only "fidgeting," but that is a mischaracterization, since fidgety behavior can be linked to stereotypies in neurodegenerative disease and other movement disorders. Instead, SPA should be thought of as all physical activity behavior that emanates from an unconscious drive for movement. RECENT FINDINGS An example of this may be restless behavior, which can include fidgeting and gesticulating, frequent sit-to-stand movement, and more time spent standing and moving. All physical activity burns calories, and as such, SPA could be manipulated as a means to burn calories, and defend against weight gain and reduce excess adiposity. In this review, we discuss human and animal literature on the use of SPA in reducing weight gain, the neuromodulators that could be targeted to this end, and future directions in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine M Kotz
- Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, 2231 6th St. SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
- GRECC, Minneapolis VA Health Care System, GRECC, One Veterans Drive, Minneapolis, MN, 55417, USA.
| | | | - Jennifer A Teske
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona, 1177 E 4th street, Shantz 332, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Charles J Billington
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware St SE, Minneapolis, MN, 5545, USA
- Minneapolis VA Health Care System, One Veterans Drive, Minneapolis, MN, 55417, USA
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Nahon KJ, Boon MR, Doornink F, Jazet IM, Rensen PCN, Abreu-Vieira G. Lower critical temperature and cold-induced thermogenesis of lean and overweight humans are inversely related to body mass and basal metabolic rate. J Therm Biol 2017; 69:238-248. [PMID: 29037389 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2017.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
It is colloquially stated that body size plays a role in the human response to cold, but the magnitude and details of this interaction are unclear. To explore the inherent influence of body size on cold-exposed metabolism, we investigated the relation between body composition and resting metabolic rate in humans at thermoneutrality and during cooling within the nonshivering thermogenesis range. Body composition and resting energy expenditure were measured in 20 lean and 20 overweight men at thermoneutrality and during individualized cold exposure. Metabolic rates as a function of ambient temperature were investigated considering the variability in body mass and composition. We observed an inverse relationship between body size and the lower critical temperature (LCT), i.e. the threshold where thermoneutrality ends and cold activates thermogenesis. LCT was higher in lean than overweight subjects (22.1 ± 0.6 vs 19.5 ± 0.5°C, p < 0.001). Below LCT, minimum conductance was identical between lean and overweight (100 ± 4 vs 97 ± 3kcal/°C/day respectively, p = 0.45). Overweight individuals had higher basal metabolic rate (BMR) explained mostly by the higher lean mass, and lower cold-induced thermogenesis (CIT) per degree of cold exposure. Below thermoneutrality, energy expenditure did not scale to lean body mass. Overweight subjects had lower heat loss per body surface area (44.7 ± 1.3 vs 54.7 ± 2.3kcal/°C/m2/day, p < 0.001). We conclude that larger body sizes possessed reduced LCT as explained by higher BMR related to more lean mass rather than a change in whole-body conductance. Thus, larger individuals with higher lean mass need to be exposed to colder temperatures to activate CIT, not because of increased insulation, but because of a higher basal heat generation. Our study suggests that the distinct effects of body size and composition on energy expenditure should be taken in account when exploring the metabolism of humans exposed to cold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly J Nahon
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Mariëtte R Boon
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Fleur Doornink
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Ingrid M Jazet
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Patrick C N Rensen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Gustavo Abreu-Vieira
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands.
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10
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Miles-Chan JL, Dulloo AG. Posture Allocation Revisited: Breaking the Sedentary Threshold of Energy Expenditure for Obesity Management. Front Physiol 2017; 8:420. [PMID: 28690547 PMCID: PMC5479887 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
There is increasing recognition that low-intensity physical activities of daily life play an important role in achieving energy balance and that their societal erosion through substitution with sedentary (mostly sitting) behaviors, whether occupational or for leisure, impact importantly on the obesity epidemic. This has generated considerable interest for better monitoring, characterizing, and promoting countermeasures to sedentariness through a plethora of low-level physical activities (e.g., active workstations, standing desks, sitting breaks), amid the contention that altering posture allocation (lying, sitting, standing) can modify energy expenditure to impact upon body weight regulation and health. In addressing this contention, this paper first revisits the past and more recent literature on postural energetics, with particular emphasis on potential determinants of the large inter-individual variability in the energy cost of standing and the impact of posture on fat oxidation. It subsequently analyses the available data pertaining to various strategies by which posture allocations, coupled with light physical activity, may increase energy expenditure beyond the sedentary threshold, and their relevance as potential targets for obesity management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abdul G Dulloo
- Department of Medicine Physiology, University of FribourgFribourg, Switzerland
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Dulloo AG, Miles-Chan JL, Montani JP. Nutrition, movement and sleep behaviours: their interactions in pathways to obesity and cardiometabolic diseases. Obes Rev 2017; 18 Suppl 1:3-6. [PMID: 28164454 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Among the multitude of dietary and lifestyle behaviours that have been proposed to contribute to the obesity epidemic, those that have generated considerable research scrutiny in the past decade are centred upon sleep behaviours, sedentary behaviours (sitting or lying while awake) and diminished low-level physical activities of everyday life, with each category of behaviours apparently presenting an independent risk for obesity and/or cardiometabolic diseases. These behaviours are highly complex, operate in synergy with each other, disrupt the link between regulation of the circadian clock and metabolic physiology and impact on various components of daily energy expenditure and feeding behaviours to promote obesity and hinder the outcome of obesity therapy. As such, this behavioural triad (nutrition, movement and sleep) presents plenty of scope for intervention and optimization in the context of body weight regulation and lifestyle-related disease prevention. It is against this background that recent advances relevant to the theme of 'Nutrition, Movement & Sleep Behaviors: their interactions in pathways to obesity and cardiometabolic diseases' are addressed in this overview and the nine review articles in this supplement reporting the proceedings of the 8th Fribourg Obesity Research Conference.
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Affiliation(s)
- A G Dulloo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Physiology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - J L Miles-Chan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Physiology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - J-P Montani
- Department of Medicine, Division of Physiology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
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Monnard CR, Fares EJ, Calonne J, Miles-Chan JL, Montani JP, Durrer D, Schutz Y, Dulloo AG. Issues in Continuous 24-h Core Body Temperature Monitoring in Humans Using an Ingestible Capsule Telemetric Sensor. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2017; 8:130. [PMID: 28659868 PMCID: PMC5468423 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2017.00130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is increasing interest in the use of pill-sized ingestible capsule telemetric sensors for assessing core body temperature (Tc) as a potential indicator of variability in metabolic efficiency and thrifty metabolic traits. The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility and accuracy of measuring Tc using the CorTemp® system. METHODS Tc was measured over an average of 20 h in 27 human subjects, with measurements of energy expenditure made in the overnight fasted state at rest, during standardized low-intensity physical activity and after a 600 kcal mixed meal. Validation of accuracy of the capsule sensors was made ex vivo against mercury and electronic thermometers across the physiological range (35-40°C) in morning and afternoon of 2 or 3 consecutive days. Comparisons between capsule sensors and thermometers were made using Bland-Altman analysis. Systematic bias, error, and temperature drift over time were assessed. RESULTS The circadian Tc profile classically reported in free-living humans was confirmed. Significant increases in Tc (+0.2°C) were found in response to low-power cycling at 40-50 W (~3-4 METs), but no changes in Tc were detectable during low-level isometric leg press exercise (<2 METs) or during the peak postprandial thermogenesis induced by the 600 kcal meal. Issues of particular interest include fast "turbo" gut transit with expulsion time of <15 h after capsule ingestion in one out of every five subjects and sudden erratic readings in teletransmission of Tc. Furthermore, ex vivo validation revealed a substantial mean bias (exceeding ±0.5°C) between the Tc capsule readings and mercury or electronic thermometers in half of the capsules. When examined over 2 or 3 days, the initial bias (small or large) drifted in excess of ±0.5°C in one out of every four capsules. CONCLUSION Since Tc is regulated within a very narrow range in the healthy homeotherm's body (within 1°C), physiological investigations of Tc require great accuracy and precision (better than 0.1°C). Although ingestible capsule methodology appears of great interest for non-invasively monitoring the transit gut temperature, new technology requires a reduction in the inherent error of measurement and elimination of temperature drift and warrants more interlaboratory investigation on the above factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathriona R. Monnard
- Division of Physiology, Department of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Elie-Jacques Fares
- Division of Physiology, Department of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Julie Calonne
- Division of Physiology, Department of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Jennifer L. Miles-Chan
- Division of Physiology, Department of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Pierre Montani
- Division of Physiology, Department of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | | | - Yves Schutz
- Division of Physiology, Department of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
- Cabinet Médical COM’s, EUROBESITAS, Vevey, Switzerland
| | - Abdul G. Dulloo
- Division of Physiology, Department of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Abdul G. Dulloo,
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