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Nicolaou M, Toumba M, Kythreotis A, Daher H, Skordis N. Obesogens in Adolescence: Challenging Aspects and Prevention Strategies. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 11:602. [PMID: 38790597 PMCID: PMC11120186 DOI: 10.3390/children11050602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Childhood obesity has become a global epidemic, with significant increases in prevalence over recent decades. While excessive calorie consumption and physical inactivity are known factors, emerging research highlights the role of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), particularly obesogens, in obesity's pathogenesis. This review explores the historical context of the environmental obesogens hypothesis, their sources, mechanism of action, impact on prenatal and postnatal development, and epigenetics. Additionally, it discusses the long-term consequences of childhood obesity and proposes prevention strategies that will mitigate negative health effects. Obesogens were found to disrupt hormonal balance and metabolic processes through various mechanisms such as altering gene expression, hormonal interference, and inflammation. Especially significant was exposure during critical windows of development, which correlates with an increased risk of obesity in childhood or adolescence. Long-term effects of childhood obesity include chronic health conditions and psychosocial issues. A comprehensive approach is necessary to address childhood obesity encompassing genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors. Prevention strategies should focus on reducing obesogen exposure, promoting healthy lifestyles, and implementing regulatory policies. Future research should investigate obesogens-diet interactions, microbiome impacts, and combined obesogens effects. Long-term human studies are also crucial for validating findings from animal models and allowing for informed decision-making to combat the obesity pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Nicolaou
- Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK; (M.N.); (A.K.)
| | - Meropi Toumba
- Paediatric Endocrinology Clinic, Department of Paediatrics, Aretaeio Hospital, 2024 Nicosia, Cyprus;
- School of Medicine, University of Nicosia, 2414 Nicosia, Cyprus;
| | - Alexandros Kythreotis
- Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK; (M.N.); (A.K.)
| | - Habib Daher
- School of Medicine, University of Nicosia, 2414 Nicosia, Cyprus;
| | - Nicos Skordis
- School of Medicine, University of Nicosia, 2414 Nicosia, Cyprus;
- Division of Paediatric Endocrinology, Paedi Center for Specialized Paediatrics, 2025 Nicosia, Cyprus
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Zhang Z, Jia Y, Zhang C, Zhang Z, Jin F, Pan D, Li D, Wu X. Efficacy of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and its underlying mechanism in preventing bisphenol-A-induced metabolic disorders in mice. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 469:134098. [PMID: 38522198 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
To investigate the efficacy of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and its underlying mechanism in preventing bisphenol-A-induced metabolic disorders, in this study, a mice model of metabolic disorders induced by BPA was developed to investigate the efficacy and mechanism of EGCG using microbiomes and metabolomics. The results showed that EGCG reduced body weight, liver weight ratio, and triglyceride and total cholesterol levels in mice by decreasing the mRNA expression of genes related to fatty acid synthesis (Elov16) and cholesterol synthesis (CYP4A14) and increasing the mRNA expression of genes related to fatty acid oxidation (Lss) and cholesterol metabolism (Cyp7a1). In addition, EGCG normalized BPA-induced intestinal microbial dysbiosis. Metabolic pathway analysis showed that low-dose EGCG was more effective than high-dose EGCG at affecting the biosynthesis of L-cysteine, glycerophosphorylcholine, and palmitoleic acid. These results provide specific data and a theoretical basis for the risk assessment of BPA and the utilization of EGCG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoxian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agri-food Safety of Anhui Province, College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, 230036 Anhui, PR China
| | - Yaoyi Jia
- Key Laboratory of Agri-food Safety of Anhui Province, College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, 230036 Anhui, PR China
| | - Chenghui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agri-food Safety of Anhui Province, College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, 230036 Anhui, PR China
| | - Zikang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agri-food Safety of Anhui Province, College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, 230036 Anhui, PR China
| | - Fangsha Jin
- Key Laboratory of Agri-food Safety of Anhui Province, College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, 230036 Anhui, PR China
| | - Dandan Pan
- Key Laboratory of Agri-food Safety of Anhui Province, College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, 230036 Anhui, PR China
| | - Daxiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, 230036 Anhui, PR China.
| | - Xiangwei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Agri-food Safety of Anhui Province, College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, 230036 Anhui, PR China.
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Svensson K, Gennings C, Lindh C, Kiviranta H, Rantakokko P, Wikström S, Bornehag CG. EDC mixtures during pregnancy and body fat at 7 years of age in a Swedish cohort, the SELMA study. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 248:118293. [PMID: 38281561 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDC), are "obesogens" and have been associated with overweight and obesity in children. Daily exposure to different classes of EDCs demands for research with mixtures approach. OBJECTIVES This study evaluates the association, considering sex-specific effects, between prenatal exposure to EDC mixture and children's body fat at seven years of age. METHODS A total of 26 EDCs were assessed in prenatal urine and serum samples from first trimester in pregnancy from 737 mother-child pairs participating in the Swedish Environmental Longitudinal, Mother and child, Asthma and allergy (SELMA) study. An indicator for children's "overall body fat" was calculated, using principal component analysis (PCA), based on BMI, percent body fat, waist, and skinfolds measured at seven years of age. Weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression was used to assess associations between EDC mixture and children's body fat. RESULTS Principal component (PC1) represented 83.6 % of the variance, suitable as indicator for children's "overall body fat", with positive loadings of 0.40-0.42 for each body fat measure. A significant interaction term, WQS*sex, confirmed associations in the opposite direction for boys and girls. Higher prenatal exposure to EDC mixture was borderline significant with more "overall body fat" for boys (Mean β = 0.20; 95 % CI: -0.13, 0.53) and less for girls (Mean β = -0.23; 95 % CI: -0.58, 0.13). Also, higher prenatal exposure to EDC mixture was borderline significant with more percent body fat (standardized score) for boys (Mean β = 0.09; 95 % CI: -0.04, 0.21) and less for girls (Mean β = -0.10 (-0.26, 0.05). The chemicals of concern included bisphenols, phthalates, PFAS, PAH, and pesticides with different patterns for boys and girls. DISCUSSION Borderline significant associations were found between prenatal exposure to a mixture of EDCs and children's body fat. The associations in opposite directions suggests that prenatal exposure to EDCs may present sex-specific effects on children's body fat.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chris Gennings
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Christian Lindh
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Hannu Kiviranta
- Environmental Health Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Panu Rantakokko
- Environmental Health Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Sverre Wikström
- Department of Health Sciences, Karlstad University, Karlstad, Sweden; School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden; Centre for Clinical Research, County Council of Värmland, Sweden
| | - Carl-Gustaf Bornehag
- Department of Health Sciences, Karlstad University, Karlstad, Sweden; Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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de Paula LCP, Alves C. Food packaging and endocrine disruptors. J Pediatr (Rio J) 2024; 100 Suppl 1:S40-S47. [PMID: 37913820 PMCID: PMC10960186 DOI: 10.1016/j.jped.2023.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Narrative review evaluating food contamination by endocrine disruptors present in food packaging. DATA SOURCE The terms "endocrine disruptors" and "food packaging" were used in combination in the PubMed, MEDLINE and SciELO databases, evaluating studies, in humans, published in Portuguese, English, French and Spanish between 1990 and 2023. DATA SYNTHESIS Packaging, especially those made from plastic or recycled material, is an important source of food contamination by endocrine disruptors. Bisphenols and phthalates are the endocrine disruptors most frequently associated with food contamination from packaging. However, many unknown substances and even those legally authorized can cause harm to health when exposure is prolonged or when substances with additive effects are mixed. Furthermore, the discarding of packaging can cause contamination to continue into the environment. CONCLUSION Although packaging materials are essential for the transport and storage of food, many of them are associated with chemical contamination. As it is not possible to exclude them from our routine, it is important to develop research aimed at identifying the endocrine disruptors present in them, including the effects of chronic exposure; and that regulatory agencies and industry come together to reduce or prevent this risk. Additionally, consumers must be instructed on how to purchase products, handle them and prepare them to reduce the migration of chemical substances into food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Cristina Pedroso de Paula
- Hospital de Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Residência de Endocrinologia e Endocrinologia Pediátrica, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Crésio Alves
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital Universitário Prof. Edgard Santos, Serviço de Endocrinologia Pediátrica, Salvador, BA, Brazil.
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Hanssen H, Moholdt T, Bahls M, Biffi A, Siegrist M, Lewandowski AJ, Biondi-Zoccai G, Cavarretta E, Kokkvoll A, Løchen ML, Maestrini V, Pinto RS, Palermi S, Thivel D, Wojcik M, Hansen D, Van Craenenbroeck EM, Weghuber D, Kraenkel N, Tiberi M. Lifestyle interventions to change trajectories of obesity-related cardiovascular risk from childhood onset to manifestation in adulthood: a joint scientific statement of the task force for childhood health of the European Association of Preventive Cardiology and the European Childhood Obesity Group. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2023; 30:1462-1472. [PMID: 37491406 DOI: 10.1093/eurjpc/zwad152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
There is an immediate need to optimize cardiovascular (CV) risk management and primary prevention of childhood obesity to timely and more effectively combat the health hazard and socioeconomic burden of CV disease from childhood development to adulthood manifestation. Optimizing screening programs and risk management strategies for obesity-related CV risk in childhood has high potential to change disease trajectories into adulthood. Building on a holistic view on the aetiology of childhood obesity, this document reviews current concepts in primary prevention and risk management strategies by lifestyle interventions. As an additional objective, this scientific statement addresses the high potential for reversibility of CV risk in childhood and comments on the use of modern surrogate markers beyond monitoring weight and body composition. This scientific statement also highlights the clinical importance of quantifying CV risk trajectories and discusses the remaining research gaps and challenges to better promote childhood health in a population-based approach. Finally, this document provides an overview on the lessons to be learned from the presented evidence and identifies key barriers to be targeted by researchers, clinicians, and policymakers to put into practice more effective primary prevention strategies for childhood obesity early in life to combat the burden of CV disease later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henner Hanssen
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, Medical Faculty, University of Basel, Grosse Allee 6, 4052 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Trine Moholdt
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Women's Clinic, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Martin Bahls
- Department of Internal Medicine B University Medicine Greifswald, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Alessandro Biffi
- Med-Ex Medicine & Exercise, Medical Partner Scuderia Ferrari, Rome, Italy
| | - Monika Siegrist
- Department of Prevention and Sports Medicine, School of Medicine, University Hospital 'rechts der Isar', Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Adam J Lewandowski
- Oxford Cardiovascular Clinical Research Facility, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Giuseppe Biondi-Zoccai
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy
- Mediterranea Cardiocentro, Napoli, Italy
| | - Elena Cavarretta
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy
- Mediterranea Cardiocentro, Napoli, Italy
| | - Ane Kokkvoll
- Department of Paediatrics, Finnmark Hospital Trust, Hammerfest, Norway
| | - Maja-Lisa Løchen
- Department of Community Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Viviana Maestrini
- Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, 'Sapienza' University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Stefano Palermi
- Med-Ex Medicine & Exercise, Medical Partner Scuderia Ferrari, Rome, Italy
| | - David Thivel
- Laboratory of the Metabolic Adaptations to Exercise under Physiological and Pathological Conditions, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Malgorzata Wojcik
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Endocrinology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Dominique Hansen
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Centre Hasselt, Jessa Hospital, Hasselt, Belgium
- UHasselt, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, BIOMED-REVAL-Rehabilitation Research Centre, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Emeline M Van Craenenbroeck
- Research Group Cardiovascular Diseases, GENCOR Department, University of Antwerp, Campus Drie Eiken, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Cardiology, Antwerp University Hospital (UZA), Edegem, Belgium
| | - Daniel Weghuber
- Obesity Research Unit, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- Department of Pediatrics, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Nicolle Kraenkel
- Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité (DHZC), Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care, Campus Benjamin-Franklin (CBF), Berlin, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site Berlin, Germany
- Friede Springer- Cardiovascular Prevention Center @ Charité, Charite- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Monica Tiberi
- Department of Public Health, Azienda Sanitaria Unica Regionale Marche AV 1, Pesaro, Italy
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J C, Thotakura B, M SK, C S J. Effects of Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs) on Skeletal System Development: A Review. Cureus 2023; 15:e46109. [PMID: 37900387 PMCID: PMC10612124 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.46109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are exogenous substances that alter endocrine function and cause adverse effects on an organism. EDC interference with the endocrine system leads to chronic autoimmune disorders, abnormal osteogenesis, infertility, and reproductive, neurological, cardiovascular, and metabolic disorders. Among the adverse effects of EDCs are their impact on developing fetuses and neonates. EDCs like bisphenol A (BPA), pesticides, and lead interfere with or alter sex steroid hormone synthesis and metabolism, leading to developmental delay, infertility, and urogenital carcinoma in both sexes. OBJECTIVE This review article examines the most harmful EDC, BPA, which affects the skeletal system during the embryonic period. The literature investigates the effects of BPA on various systems in our body, but the mechanism behind skeletal system development during the embryonic period is still unknown. MATERIALS AND METHODS In the present review, 25 articles were reviewed through multiple windows like PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Many articles mention the effects of BPA on the skeletal system after birth and also examine reproductive system abnormalities, hereditary characteristics, excretory system malfunctions, and physical and mental illness in various mechanisms. DISCUSSION The impact of BPA on the skeletal system causes morphological and physiological changes in developing embryos. The general ideology regarding skeletal system development and its mechanism is as follows: the formation of bone (osteocytes) is reduced by the apoptosis of precursor bone cells (osteoblasts) by the effect of BPA. CONCLUSION EDC exposure induces the apoptosis of bone cells and inhibits the formation of osteoblasts, and long-term exposure to these chemicals will also impact immune system development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanemougavally J
- Anatomy, A.C.S Medical College and Hospital, Dr. M.G.R Educational and Research Institute, Chennai, IND
| | - Balaji Thotakura
- Anatomy, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Chennai, IND
| | - Shruthy K M
- Anatomy, A.C.S Medical College and Hospital, Dr. M.G.R Educational and Research Institute, Chennai, IND
| | - Janaki C S
- Anatomy, Bhaarath Medical College and Hospital, Chennai, IND
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Chen J, Deng LL, Xiao XL, Long SY, Deng Y, Peng T, Xie J, Zhang XY. An Association between Decreased Small Intestinal RNA Modification and Disturbed Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Secretion under High-Fat Diet Stress. Nutrients 2023; 15:3707. [PMID: 37686740 PMCID: PMC10490556 DOI: 10.3390/nu15173707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Unhealthy diets rich in fats and/or sugar are considered as the major external cause of the obesity epidemic, which is often accompanied by a significant decrease in gut hormone glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP1) levels. Numerous studies have demonstrated notable contributions of the gut microbiota in this process. Nevertheless, the underlying mechanism still needs further investigation. The role of epigenetic modifications in gene expression and metabolism has been well demonstrated, with m6A methylation on RNAs being the most prevalent modification throughout their metabolism. In the present study, we found that the expressions of small intestinal Gcg and Pc3, two key genes regulating GLP1 expression, were significantly downregulated in obese mice, associated with reduced GLP1 level. Immunohistochemistry analysis indicated that a high-fat diet slightly increased the density of enteroendocrine L cells in the small intestine, implying that decreased GLP1 levels were not caused by the changes in L cell intensity. Instead, the small intestinal m6A level as well as the expression of known "writers", mettl3/14 and wtap, were found to be positively correlated with the expression of Gcg and Pc3. Fecal microbiota transplantation with feces from normal and obese mice daily to antibiotic-treated mice revealed that dysbiosis in diet-induced obesity was sufficient to reduce serum GLP1, small intestinal m6A level, and intestinal expressions of Gcg, Pc3, and writer genes (mettl3/14, wtap). However, as the most direct and universal methyl donor, the production of fecal S-adenosylmethionine was neither affected by the different dietary patterns nor their shaped microbiota. These results suggested that microbial modulation of the epitranscriptome may be involved in regulating GLP1 expression, and highlighted epitranscriptomic modifications as an additional level of interaction between diet and individual health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610101, China; (J.C.)
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China;
| | - Lin-Ling Deng
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610101, China; (J.C.)
| | - Xing-Lin Xiao
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610101, China; (J.C.)
| | - Shi-Yuan Long
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610101, China; (J.C.)
| | - Yuan Deng
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610101, China; (J.C.)
| | - Tong Peng
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China;
- Keystonecare Technology (Chengdu) Co., Ltd., No.200 Tianfu 5th Street, Chengdu 610094, China
| | - Jie Xie
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610101, China; (J.C.)
| | - Xiao-Yu Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610101, China; (J.C.)
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Heindel JJ, Alvarez JA, Atlas E, Cave MC, Chatzi VL, Collier D, Corkey B, Fischer D, Goran MI, Howard S, Kahan S, Kayhoe M, Koliwad S, Kotz CM, La Merrill M, Lobstein T, Lumeng C, Ludwig DS, Lustig RH, Myers P, Nadal A, Trasande L, Redman LM, Rodeheffer MS, Sargis RM, Stephens JM, Ziegler TR, Blumberg B. Obesogens and Obesity: State-of-the-Science and Future Directions Summary from a Healthy Environment and Endocrine Disruptors Strategies Workshop. Am J Clin Nutr 2023; 118:329-337. [PMID: 37230178 PMCID: PMC10731763 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2023.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
On September 7 and 8, 2022, Healthy Environment and Endocrine Disruptors Strategies, an Environmental Health Sciences program, convened a scientific workshop of relevant stakeholders involved in obesity, toxicology, or obesogen research to review the state of the science regarding the role of obesogenic chemicals that might be contributing to the obesity pandemic. The workshop's objectives were to examine the evidence supporting the hypothesis that obesogens contribute to the etiology of human obesity; to discuss opportunities for improved understanding, acceptance, and dissemination of obesogens as contributors to the obesity pandemic; and to consider the need for future research and potential mitigation strategies. This report details the discussions, key areas of agreement, and future opportunities to prevent obesity. The attendees agreed that environmental obesogens are real, significant, and a contributor at some degree to weight gain at the individual level and to the global obesity and metabolic disease pandemic at a societal level; moreover, it is at least, in theory, remediable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerrold J Heindel
- Healthy Environment and Endocrine Disruptor Strategies, Boseman, Montana, United States.
| | - Jessica A Alvarez
- Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | | | - Matthew C Cave
- Department of Medicine, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville, Lousiville, KY, United States
| | - Vaia Lida Chatzi
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - David Collier
- Department of Pediatrics, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
| | - Barbara Corkey
- Chobanian and Avedesian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | - Michael I Goran
- Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine, USC, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Sarah Howard
- Healthy Environment and Endocrine Disruptor Strategies, Boseman, Montana, United States
| | - Scott Kahan
- National Center for Weight and Wellness, Johns Hopkins Blumberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | | | - Suneil Koliwad
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Catherine M Kotz
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota and Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Michele La Merrill
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Tim Lobstein
- World Obesity Federation, London, United Kingdom
| | - Carey Lumeng
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - David S Ludwig
- New Balance Foundation Obesity Prevention Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Robert H Lustig
- Department of Physiology, Miguel Hernandez University of Elche, Elche, Spain
| | - Pete Myers
- Environmental Health Sciences, Boseman, MT, United States
| | - Angel Nadal
- Department of Physiology, Miguel Hernandez University of Elche, Elche, Spain
| | - Leonardo Trasande
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, United States; Department of Population Health, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, United States
| | - Leanne M Redman
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology & Women's Health, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Matthew S Rodeheffer
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Robert M Sargis
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Jacqueline M Stephens
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, United States
| | - Thomas R Ziegler
- Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Bruce Blumberg
- Department of Developmental and Cell BiologyUniversity of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
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Exposure to Endocrine Disruptors (Di(2-Ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) and Bisphenol A (BPA)) in Women from Different Residing Areas in Italy: Data from the LIFE PERSUADED Project. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232416012. [PMID: 36555656 PMCID: PMC9783390 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232416012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Phthalates and bisphenol A (BPA) are plasticizers used in many industrial products that can act as endocrine disruptors and lead to metabolic diseases. During the LIFE PERSUADED project, we measured the urinary concentrations of BPA and Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) metabolites in 900 Italian women representative of the Italian female adult population (living in the north, centre, and south of Italy in both rural and urban areas). The whole cohort was exposed to DEHP and BPA with measurable levels above limit of detection in more than 99% and 95% of the samples, respectively. The exposure patterns differed for the two chemicals in the three macro-areas with the highest urinary levels for DEHP in south compared to central and northern Italy and for BPA in northern compared to central and southern Italy. BPA levels were higher in women living in urban areas, whereas no difference between areas was observed for DEHP. The estimated daily intake of BPA was 0.11 μg/kg per day, about 36-fold below the current temporary tolerable daily intake of 4 μg/kg per day established by the EFSA in 2015. The analysis of cumulative exposure showed a positive correlation between DEHP and BPA. Further, the reduction of exposure to DEHP and BPA, through specific legislative measures, is necessary to limit the harmfulness of these substances.
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Ingenious introduction of aminopropylimidazole to tune the hydrophobic selectivity of dodecyl-bonded stationary phase for environmental organic pollutants. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.107933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Assessment of Exposure to Di-(2-ethylhexyl) Phthalate (DEHP) Metabolites and Bisphenol A (BPA) and Its Importance for the Prevention of Cardiometabolic Diseases. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12020167. [PMID: 35208241 PMCID: PMC8878475 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12020167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposomics analyses have highlighted the importance of biomonitoring of human exposure to pollutants, even non-persistent, for the prevention of non-communicable diseases such as obesity, diabetes, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, atherosclerosis, and cardiovascular diseases. Phthalates and bisphenol A (BPA) are endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) widely used in industry and in a large range of daily life products that increase the risk of endocrine and cardiometabolic diseases especially if the exposure starts during childhood. Thus, biomonitoring of exposure to these compounds is important not only in adulthood but also in childhood. This was the goal of the LIFE-PERSUADED project that measured the exposure to phthalates (DEHP metabolites, MEHP, MEHHP, MEOHP) and BPA in Italian mother–children couples of different ages. In this paper we describe the method that was set up for the LIFE PERSUADED project and validated during the proficiency test (ICI/EQUAS) showing that accurate determination of urinary phthalates and BPA can be achieved starting from small sample size (0.5 mL) using two MS techniques applied in cascade on the same deconjugated matrix.
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Grzęda E, Matuszewska J, Ziarniak K, Gertig-Kolasa A, Krzyśko- Pieczka I, Skowrońska B, Sliwowska JH. Animal Foetal Models of Obesity and Diabetes - From Laboratory to Clinical Settings. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:785674. [PMID: 35197931 PMCID: PMC8858803 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.785674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The prenatal period, during which a fully formed newborn capable of surviving outside its mother's body is built from a single cell, is critical for human development. It is also the time when the foetus is particularly vulnerable to environmental factors, which may modulate the course of its development. Both epidemiological and animal studies have shown that foetal programming of physiological systems may alter the growth and function of organs and lead to pathology in adulthood. Nutrition is a particularly important environmental factor for the pregnant mother as it affects the condition of offspring. Numerous studies have shown that an unbalanced maternal metabolic status (under- or overnutrition) may cause long-lasting physiological and behavioural alterations, resulting in metabolic disorders, such as obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Various diets are used in laboratory settings in order to induce maternal obesity and metabolic disorders, and to alter the offspring development. The most popular models are: high-fat, high-sugar, high-fat-high-sugar, and cafeteria diets. Maternal undernutrition models are also used, which results in metabolic problems in offspring. Similarly to animal data, human studies have shown the influence of mothers' diets on the development of children. There is a strong link between the maternal diet and the birth weight, metabolic state, changes in the cardiovascular and central nervous system of the offspring. The mechanisms linking impaired foetal development and adult diseases remain under discussion. Epigenetic mechanisms are believed to play a major role in prenatal programming. Additionally, sexually dimorphic effects on offspring are observed. Therefore, further research on both sexes is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Grzęda
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Julia Matuszewska
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Kamil Ziarniak
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
- Molecular and Cell Biology Unit, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Anna Gertig-Kolasa
- Department of Paediatric Diabetes and Obesity, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Izabela Krzyśko- Pieczka
- Department of Paediatric Diabetes and Obesity, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Bogda Skowrońska
- Department of Paediatric Diabetes and Obesity, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Joanna H. Sliwowska
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
- *Correspondence: Joanna H. Sliwowska,
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Dietert RR. Microbiome First Approaches to Rescue Public Health and Reduce Human Suffering. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9111581. [PMID: 34829809 PMCID: PMC8615664 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9111581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The is a sequential article to an initial review suggesting that Microbiome First medical approaches to human health and wellness could both aid the fight against noncommunicable diseases and conditions (NCDs) and help to usher in sustainable healthcare. This current review article specifically focuses on public health programs and initiatives and what has been termed by medical journals as a catastrophic record of recent failures. Included in the review is a discussion of the four priority behavioral modifications (food choices, cessation of two drugs of abuse, and exercise) advocated by the World Health Organization as the way to stop the ongoing NCD epidemic. The lack of public health focus on the majority of cells and genes in the human superorganism, the microbiome, is highlighted as is the "regulatory gap" failure to protect humans, particularly the young, from a series of mass population toxic exposures (e.g., asbestos, trichloroethylene, dioxin, polychlorinated biphenyls, triclosan, bisphenol A and other plasticizers, polyfluorinated compounds, herbicides, food emulsifiers, high fructose corn syrup, certain nanoparticles, endocrine disruptors, and obesogens). The combination of early life toxicity for the microbiome and connected human physiological systems (e.g., immune, neurological), plus a lack of attention to the importance of microbial rebiosis has facilitated rather than suppressed, the NCD epidemic. This review article concludes with a call to place the microbiome first and foremost in public health initiatives as a way to both rescue public health effectiveness and reduce the human suffering connected to comorbid NCDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodney R Dietert
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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