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Matias JN, Lima VM, Nutels GS, Laurindo LF, Barbalho SM, de Alvares Goulart R, Araújo AC, Suzuki RB, Guiguer EL. The use of vitamin D for patients with inflammatory bowel diseases. INT J VITAM NUTR RES 2024; 94:54-70. [PMID: 36017738 DOI: 10.1024/0300-9831/a000764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
As vitamin D (VD) plays an essential role in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), this systematic review aimed to update the participation of this vitamin in the prevention or remission of these diseases. This review has included studies in MEDLINE-PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases. The authors have followed PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis) guidelines. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, twenty-two randomized clinical trials were selected. In total, 1,209 patients were included in this systematic review: 1034 received only VD and 175 received VD in combination with calcium. The average doses of VD supplementation were from oral 400 IU daily to 10,000 IU per kilogram of body weight. Single injection of 300,000 IU of VD was also used. Several studies have shown the crucial role that VD plays in the therapeutic approach of IBD due to its effects on the immune system. It effectively decreased inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and IFN-γ (p<0.05) and provided a reduction in disease activity assessed through different scores such as Crohn's Disease Activity Index (CDAI) (p<0.05) and Ulcerative Colitis Disease Activity Index (UCDAI) (p<0.05). Unfortunately, the available clinical trials are not standardized for of doses and routes of administration. Existing meta-analyses are biased because they compare studies using different doses or treatments in combination with different drugs or supplements such as calcium. Even though VD has crucial effects on inflammatory processes, there is still a need for standardized studies to establish how the supplementation should be performed and the doses to be administered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Júlia Novaes Matias
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vinícius Marinho Lima
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Giovanna Soares Nutels
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucas Fornari Laurindo
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sandra Maria Barbalho
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, University of Marilia (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo de Alvares Goulart
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, University of Marilia (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adriano Cressoni Araújo
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, University of Marilia (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Buzinaro Suzuki
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Parasitology, Marília Medical School (Famema), Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Elen Landgraf Guiguer
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, University of Marilia (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
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Roth-Walter F, Berni Canani R, O'Mahony L, Peroni D, Sokolowska M, Vassilopoulou E, Venter C. Nutrition in chronic inflammatory conditions: Bypassing the mucosal block for micronutrients. Allergy 2024; 79:353-383. [PMID: 38084827 DOI: 10.1111/all.15972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Nutritional Immunity is one of the most ancient innate immune responses, during which the body can restrict nutrients availability to pathogens and restricts their uptake by the gut mucosa (mucosal block). Though this can be a beneficial strategy during infection, it also is associated with non-communicable diseases-where the pathogen is missing; leading to increased morbidity and mortality as micronutritional uptake and distribution in the body is hindered. Here, we discuss the acute immune response in respect to nutrients, the opposing nutritional demands of regulatory and inflammatory cells and particularly focus on some nutrients linked with inflammation such as iron, vitamins A, Bs, C, and other antioxidants. We propose that while the absorption of certain micronutrients is hindered during inflammation, the dietary lymph path remains available. As such, several clinical trials investigated the role of the lymphatic system during protein absorption, following a ketogenic diet and an increased intake of antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals, in reducing inflammation and ameliorating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Roth-Walter
- Comparative Medicine, The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute of the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University Vienna and University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Roberto Berni Canani
- Department of Translational Medical Science and ImmunoNutritionLab at CEINGE-Advanced Biotechnologies, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Liam O'Mahony
- Department of Medicine, School of Microbiology, APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Diego Peroni
- Section of Paediatrics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Milena Sokolowska
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zürich, Davos, Switzerland
- Christine Kühne - Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK-CARE), Davos, Switzerland
| | - Emilia Vassilopoulou
- Pediatric Area, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, International Hellenic University, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Carina Venter
- Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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Ziyab AH, Al-Taiar A, Al-Sabah R, Shaban L, Almousa Z, AlBaloul AH, Karmaus W. Sex and obesity status modify the association between vitamin D and eczema among adolescents. Pediatr Res 2023; 94:1235-1242. [PMID: 37173405 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-023-02641-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiologic studies have reported inconsistent associations between vitamin D and eczema. This study sought to assess whether sex and obesity status could modify the association between vitamin D and eczema. METHODS A cross-sectional study enrolled 763 adolescents in Kuwait. 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) was measured in venous blood. Current eczema was defined according to clinical history and characteristic morphology and distribution. RESULTS In sex-stratified analysis, decreased 25(OH)D levels were associated with increased current eczema prevalence among males (adjusted odds ratio (aOR)tertile 1 vs. tertile 3: 2.14, 95% confidence intervals (CI): 1.07-4.56), but not among females (aORtertile 1 vs. tertile 3: 1.08, 95% CI: 0.71-1.66). Further stratification by obesity status showed that lower 25(OH)D levels were associated with increased current eczema prevalence among overweight/obese males (per 10-unit decrease in 25(OH)D levels: aOR: 1.70, 95% CI: 1.17-2.46). Such an association was weaker and statistically non-significant among overweight/obese females (per 10-unit decrease in 25(OH)D levels: aOR: 1.26, 95% CI: 0.93-1.70). CONCLUSIONS Sex and obesity status modified the association between vitamin D levels and eczema, with an inverse association observed among overweight/obese males, but not among overweight/obese females. These results suggest that preventive and clinical management strategies could vary by sex and obesity status. IMPACT The current study showed that sex and obesity modify the association between vitamin D and eczema among adolescents. An inverse association between vitamin D and eczema was observed among overweight/obese males, but this association was not as pronounced among overweight/obese females. Vitamin D was not associated with eczema among underweight/normal weight males and females. The identification of effect modification by sex and obesity status add to the current scientific knowledge and further highlight the complexity of the association between vitamin D and eczema. These results may promote a more individualized approach to the future prevention and clinical management of eczema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali H Ziyab
- Department of Community Medicine and Behavioral Sciences, College of Medicine, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait.
| | - Abdullah Al-Taiar
- School of Community and Environmental Health, College of Health Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA.
| | - Reem Al-Sabah
- Department of Community Medicine and Behavioral Sciences, College of Medicine, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait
| | - Lemia Shaban
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Life Sciences, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait
| | - Zainab Almousa
- Department of Community Medicine and Behavioral Sciences, College of Medicine, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait
| | - Anwar H AlBaloul
- Department of Community Medicine and Behavioral Sciences, College of Medicine, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait
| | - Wilfried Karmaus
- Division of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, USA
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Song L, Chi J, Li Z, Tao Y, Sun Y, Zhou Q, Lu S, Huang Q, Huang S, Lu X, Wu M, Yang Y, Chen L, Li X, Shi K, Xiao J. An inflammation-responsive double-layer microneedle patch for recurrent atopic dermatitis therapy. Int J Pharm 2023; 643:123215. [PMID: 37460048 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Seeking a potent therapeutic strategy for alleviating atopic dermatitis (AD) attack and preventing its recurrence is highly desired but remains challenging in clinical practice. Here, we propose an inflammation-responsive double-layer microneedle (IDMN) patch in situ delivering VD3 for recurrent AD therapy. IDMN comprises the backing layer part and the double-layer microneedle part, in which the inner layer is gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) loaded with VD3 while the outer layer is composed of hyaluronic acid (HA). Introduction of the HA backing layer and outer layer around the GelMA tips can not only provide sufficient mechanical strength to penetrate into hardened AD skin with minimal invasiveness, but also exert a strong moisturizing effect after being rapidly dissolved. The inner layer of GelMA is degraded by the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) in a dose dependent manner, which is secreted according to the disease progression of AD. The responsive degradation of GelMA tips result in corresponding release of VD3 to treat AD, triggering negative feedback against GelMA degradation. The IDMN administration on AD-bearing mice reveals efficient "curing" performances (including suppress erythema, scaling and lichenification, reduce epidermal thickness, inhibit mast cells infiltration, and down-regulate inflammatory factor secretion), which are basically realized through synergistic effect of the released VD3 and the dissolved HA molecules. Importantly, the residual tips of IDMN with VD3 are retained in the skin after the first AD relief, showing promising "warning" ability to inhibit the recurrence of AD. Hence, the developed IDMN patch is expected to be one of the excellent candidates for AD therapy and other relapsing diseases in clinical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwan Song
- Translational Medicine Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325025, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325025, China
| | - Junjie Chi
- Translational Medicine Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325025, China.
| | - Zhenglin Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325025, China
| | - Yibing Tao
- Translational Medicine Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325025, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325025, China
| | - Yulong Sun
- School of Chemical Engineering and Australian Centre for Nanomedicine (ACN), The University of New South Wales (UNSW Sydney), Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Qingwei Zhou
- Translational Medicine Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325025, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325025, China
| | - Shun Lu
- Translational Medicine Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325025, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325025, China
| | - Qian Huang
- Translational Medicine Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325025, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325025, China
| | - Shanshan Huang
- Translational Medicine Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325025, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325025, China
| | - Xiaojie Lu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325025, China
| | - Min Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325025, China
| | - Yanhong Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325025, China
| | - Lulu Chen
- Translational Medicine Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325025, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325025, China
| | - Xiaokun Li
- Translational Medicine Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325025, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325025, China; Research Units of Clinical Translation of Cell Growth Factors and Diseases Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wenzhou 325027, China.
| | - Keqing Shi
- Translational Medicine Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325025, China.
| | - Jian Xiao
- Translational Medicine Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325025, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325025, China; Research Units of Clinical Translation of Cell Growth Factors and Diseases Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wenzhou 325027, China.
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Luo X, Wu F, Wang C, Wen C. Analysis of hot trends in research on the association between vitamin D and cardiovascular disease. Front Nutr 2023; 9:1073698. [PMID: 36712532 PMCID: PMC9881723 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1073698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Vitamin D deficiency is the most common nutrient deficiency. Numerous studies suggest that vitamin D is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. The objective is to visualize the research hotspots and evolution trends of the correlation between vitamin D and cardiovascular disease by using multivariate statistics and social network analysis techniques and to compare adult research with that of children in this field. Methods (Vitamin D [MeSH Major Topic]) AND (cardiovascular disease [MeSH Major Topic]) were retrieved from the PubMed database by time period. The bibliographic items co-occurrence matrix builder (BICOMB) was adopted to extract high-frequency subject terms and establish the core subject term co-occurrence matrix. With the Netdraw function of Ucinet 6.0 software, the social network of core subject terms was completed. Results Before 2010, there was a slow increase in the number of research papers covering all age groups in this field (157, 54, 84, and 211 papers were published in stages 1-4, respectively). From 2010 to 2020, there were 1,423 papers retrieved, showing a significantly increased research heat. The overall development trend of the research on the association between vitamin D and cardiovascular disease in children is similar to that in all age groups. From 2010 to 2020, 122 related papers were published (while before 2009, there were only 43 papers in all), presenting a good overall development trend. The social network analysis of core subject terms showed gradually increased correlations between research hotspots, from the early studies limited on the physiological function of vitamin D in cardiovascular diseases, to the role of vitamin D in the comorbidities of various cardiovascular diseases and its value as an intervention measure. Researches on the association between vitamin D and cardiovascular disease has a good overall development trend. Study of the mechanisms and the role of vitamin D in the common co-morbidities of cardiovascular disease and its therapeutic value will be the focus of future research.
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Peroni DG, Hufnagl K, Comberiati P, Roth-Walter F. Lack of iron, zinc, and vitamins as a contributor to the etiology of atopic diseases. Front Nutr 2023; 9:1032481. [PMID: 36698466 PMCID: PMC9869175 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1032481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Micronutritional deficiencies are common in atopic children suffering from atopic dermatitis, food allergy, rhinitis, and asthma. A lack of iron, in particular, may impact immune activation with prolonged deficiencies of iron, zinc, vitamin A, and vitamin D associated with a Th2 signature, maturation of macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs), and the generation of IgE antibodies. In contrast, the sufficiency of these micronutrients establishes immune resilience, promotion of regulatory cells, and tolerance induction. As micronutritional deficiencies mimic an infection, the body's innate response is to limit access to these nutrients and also impede their dietary uptake. Here, we summarize our current understanding of the physiological function of iron, zinc, and vitamins A and D in relation to immune cells and the clinical consequences of deficiencies in these important nutrients, especially in the perinatal period. Improved dietary uptake of iron is achieved by vitamin C, vitamin A, and whey compounds, whereas zinc bioavailability improves through citrates and proteins. The addition of oil is essential for the dietary uptake of beta-carotene and vitamin D. As for vitamin D, the major source comes via sun exposure and only a small amount is consumed via diet, which should be factored into clinical nutritional studies. We summarize the prevalence of micronutritional deficiencies of iron, zinc, and vitamins in the pediatric population as well as nutritional intervention studies on atopic diseases with whole food, food components, and micronutrients. Dietary uptake via the lymphatic route seems promising and is associated with a lower atopy risk and symptom amelioration. This review provides useful information for clinical studies and concludes/emphasizes that a healthy, varied diet containing dairy products, fish, nuts, fruits, and vegetables as well as supplementing foods or supplementation with micronutrients as needed is essential to combat the atopic march.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego G. Peroni
- Section of Paediatrics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Karin Hufnagl
- Comparative Medicine, The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute of the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University of Vienna and University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria,Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Pasquale Comberiati
- Section of Paediatrics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Franziska Roth-Walter
- Comparative Medicine, The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute of the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University of Vienna and University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria,Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria,*Correspondence: Franziska Roth-Walter, ;
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Endotypes of Prematurity and Phenotypes of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia: Toward Personalized Neonatology. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12050687. [PMID: 35629108 PMCID: PMC9143617 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12050687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), the chronic lung disease of prematurity, is increasingly recognized as the consequence of a pathological reparative response of the developing lung to both antenatal and postnatal injury. According to this view, the pathogenesis of BPD is multifactorial and heterogeneous with different patterns of antenatal stress (endotypes) that combine with varying postnatal insults and might distinctively damage the development of airways, lung parenchyma, interstitium, lymphatic system, and pulmonary vasculature. This results in different clinical phenotypes of BPD. There is no clear consensus on which are the endotypes of prematurity but the combination of clinical information with placental and bacteriological data enables the identification of two main pathways leading to birth before 32 weeks of gestation: (1) infection/inflammation and (2) dysfunctional placentation. Regarding BPD phenotypes, the following have been proposed: parenchymal, peripheral airway, central airway, interstitial, congestive, vascular, and mixed phenotype. In line with the approach of personalized medicine, endotyping prematurity and phenotyping BPD will facilitate the design of more targeted therapeutic and prognostic approaches.
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Primary Prevention of Pediatric Asthma through Nutritional Interventions. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14040754. [PMID: 35215404 PMCID: PMC8875095 DOI: 10.3390/nu14040754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is the most common chronic non-communicable disease in children, the pathogenesis of which involves several factors. The increasing burden of asthma worldwide has emphasized the need to identify the modifiable factors associated with the development of the disease. Recent research has focused on the relationship between dietary factors during the first 1000 days of life (including pregnancy)—when the immune system is particularly vulnerable to exogenous interferences—and allergic outcomes in children. Specific nutrients have been analyzed as potential targets for the prevention of childhood wheeze and asthma. Recent randomized controlled trials show that vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy, using higher doses than currently recommended, may be protective against early childhood wheezing but not school-age asthma. Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation during pregnancy and infancy may be associated with a reduced risk of childhood wheeze, although the evidence is conflicting. Data from observational studies suggest that some dietary patterns during pregnancy and infancy might also influence the risk of childhood asthma. However, the quality of the available evidence is insufficient to allow recommendations regarding dietary changes for the prevention of pediatric asthma. This review outlines the available high-quality evidence on the role of prenatal and perinatal nutritional interventions for the primary prevention of asthma in children and attempts to address unmet areas for future research in pediatric asthma prevention.
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Luo X, Wu F, Wang C, Wen C. Analysis of Development Trends of the Research Hotspots of Vitamin D in Children. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:899844. [PMID: 35601441 PMCID: PMC9120835 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.899844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Using multivariate statistics and social network analysis techniques, we present a realistic and intuitive visualization of the research hotspots and development trends of vitamin D in children. METHODS The Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) term "vitamin D" was used to search all the publications (the study subjects were 0-18 years old) included in PubMed by time period. The subject terms for each development stage were extracted, the high-frequency subject terms were extracted using the Bibliographic Items Co-occurrence Matrix Builder (BICOMB), and a core subject term co-occurrence matrix was established. The Netdraw function of Ucinet 6.0 software was used to complete the social network drawing of the core subject term co-occurrence matrix to form a co-word network diagram composed of core subject terms. RESULTS Prior to 1979, there were 890 papers with 1,899 core subject terms; from 2010 to 2020, there were 3,773 papers with 12,682 core subject terms. Before 1979, the research direction of vitamin D in children focused on vitamin D in the classical regulation of calcium and phosphorus metabolism. From 1980 to 1989, studies focused on vitamin D metabolites and therapeutic drugs such as "calcitriol" and "calcifediol." From 1990 to 1999, studies focused on "calcitriol" and its association with "psoriasis," "chronic renal failure," and "dermatological drugs." From 2000 to 2009, studies focused on "vitamin D" and "vitamin D deficiency." From 2010 to 2020, studies focused on "vitamin D3" and its association with "vitamins," "bone mineral density protectants," "asthma," "obesity," "pregnancy complications" and "fetal blood." CONCLUSION Since 2010, the research direction of vitamin D in children has been growing rapidly, and the overall development trend is good. Studies extend from the study of the skeletal effect of vitamin D to the study of its extraskeletal effect and the investigation of mechanisms of its association with related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Luo
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Feifeng Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chuan Wen
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Di Cicco M, Tozzi MG, Ragazzo V, Peroni D, Kantar A. Chronic respiratory diseases other than asthma in children: the COVID-19 tsunami. Ital J Pediatr 2021; 47:220. [PMID: 34742332 PMCID: PMC8571868 DOI: 10.1186/s13052-021-01155-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) affects all components of the respiratory system, including the neuromuscular breathing apparatus, conducting and respiratory airways, pulmonary vascular endothelium, and pulmonary blood flow. In contrast to other respiratory viruses, children have less severe symptoms when infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). A minority of children experience a post-infectious inflammatory syndrome, the pathology and long-term outcomes of which are poorly understood. The reason for the lower burden of symptomatic disease in children is not yet clear, but several pathophysiological characteristics are postulated. The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has brought distinct challenges to the care of children globally. Proper recommendations have been proposed for a range of non-asthmatic respiratory disorders in children, including primary ciliary dyskinesia and cystic fibrosis. These recommendations involve the continuation of the treatment during this period and ways to maintain stability. School closures, loss of follow-up visit attendance, and loss of other protective systems for children are the indirect outcomes of measures to mitigate the COVID-19 pandemic. Moreover, COVID-19 has reshaped the delivery of respiratory care in children, with non-urgent and elective procedures being postponed, and distancing imperatives have led to rapid scaling of telemedicine. The pandemic has seen an unprecedented reorientation in clinical trial research towards COVID-19 and a disruption in other trials worldwide, which will have long-lasting effects on medical science. In this narrative review, we sought to outline the most recent findings on the direct and indirect effects of SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on pediatric respiratory chronic diseases other than asthma, by critically revising the most recent literature on the subject.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Di Cicco
- Allergology Section, Paediatrics Unit, Pisa University Hospital, Via Roma n. 67, 56126, Pisa, Italy.
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Roma n. 55, 56126, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Maria Giulia Tozzi
- Allergology Section, Paediatrics Unit, Pisa University Hospital, Via Roma n. 67, 56126, Pisa, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Roma n. 55, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Ragazzo
- Paediatrics and Neonatology Division, Women's and Children's Health Department, Versilia Hospital, Via Aurelia n. 335, Lido Di Camaioree, Italy, 55049
| | - Diego Peroni
- Allergology Section, Paediatrics Unit, Pisa University Hospital, Via Roma n. 67, 56126, Pisa, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Roma n. 55, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Ahmad Kantar
- Paediatric Asthma and Cough Centre, Istituti Ospedalieri Bergamaschi - Gruppo Ospedaliero San Donato, via Forlanini n. 15, 24036, Ponte S. Pietro - Bergamo, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Via Olgettina n. 58, 20132, Milan, Italy
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11
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Alakaş Y, Celiloğlu C, Tolunay O, Matyar S. The Relationship between Bronchiolitis Severity and Vitamin D Status. J Trop Pediatr 2021; 67:6377121. [PMID: 34580716 DOI: 10.1093/tropej/fmab081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Acute bronchiolitis is mostly caused by viral agents in children under 2 years of age. The disease mostly has a mild clinical course however severe cases are not uncommon. Vitamin D is known to exert immune-regulatory functions. We aimed to examine the association between the clinical severity of acute bronchiolitis and serum vitamin D levels in infants. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 182 children with acute bronchiolitis were prospectively enrolled. The disease severity was assessed using the Modified Tal Scoring System and their vitamin D levels were evaluated. RESULTS Vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency was as high as 47.8% in infants with bronchiolitis. Infants with low vitamin D levels comprised a significantly larger proportion of patients with severe bronchiolitis (p = 0.002). Infants admitted to intensive care unit had significantly higher degrees of vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Vitamin D deficiency is closely linked with severe bronchiolitis and the need for intensive care unit admission in infants. We believe that assessment of vitamin D levels in infants prior to bronchiolitis season and appropriate supplementation may have a protective effect against severe bronchiolitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuf Alakaş
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Medical Sciences, Adana City Training and Research Hospital, Adana 01230, Turkey
| | - Can Celiloğlu
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Endocrinology Department, Çukurova University, Adana 01250, Turkey
| | - Orkun Tolunay
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Medical Sciences, Adana City Training and Research Hospital, Adana 01230, Turkey
| | - Selçuk Matyar
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Medical Sciences, Adana City Training and Research Hospital, Adana 01230, Turkey
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12
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Sherief LM, Ali A, Gaballa A, Abdellatif GM, Kamal NM, Afify MR, Abdelmalek DH, El-Emari SA, Soliman AS, Mokhtar WA. Vitamin D status and healthy Egyptian adolescents: Where do we stand? Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e26661. [PMID: 34398026 PMCID: PMC8294863 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000026661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency is a worldwide public health problem. Low vitamin D and its consequences among children and adolescents could be considered as one of the most important health-related problems. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in healthy Egyptian adolescents and investigate factors associated with vitamin D status.A cross-sectional study was conducted on 572 school children (270 males and 302 females) aged 14 to 18 years, who were randomly selected from high schools in one governorate in Egypt. Data were collected through a self-administered questionnaire. Vitamin D level, serum calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphates were measured.Vitamin D deficiency was almost present in all the studied Egyptian healthy adolescents (99%), 94.8% had vitamin D deficiency and 4.2% had vitamin D insufficiency. Girls had a higher prevalence of vitamin D deficiency than boys. There was a significant association between lack of physical activity, sun exposure, and vitamin D deficiency.Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency are highly prevalent. In sunny countries, the special pattern of conservative clothing and the lack of outdoor physical activity might be the underlying factors for the high prevalence in females. Vitamin D supplementation seems to be mandatory to halt the problem.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adel Ali
- Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Gaballa
- Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | | | | | - Mona R. Afify
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Parasitology, College of Medicine, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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13
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Costagliola G, Nuzzi G, Spada E, Comberiati P, Verduci E, Peroni DG. Nutraceuticals in Viral Infections: An Overview of the Immunomodulating Properties. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13072410. [PMID: 34371920 PMCID: PMC8308811 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutraceuticals, including vitamin D, vitamin A, zinc, lactoferrin, polyphenols coenzyme Q, magnesium, and selenium, are implicated in the modulation of the complex molecular pathways involved in the immune response against viral pathogens. A common element of the activity of nutraceuticals is their ability to enhance the innate immune response against pathogens by acting on the major cellular subsets and inducing the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and antimicrobial peptides. In some cases, this action is accompanied by a direct antimicrobial effect, as evidenced in the specific case of lactoferrin. Furthermore, nutraceuticals act through complex molecular mechanisms to minimize the damage caused by the activation of the immune system against pathogens, reducing the oxidative damage, influencing the antigen presentation, enhancing the differentiation and proliferation of regulatory T cells, driving the differentiation of lymphocyte subsets, and modulating the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. In this paper, we review the main molecular mechanisms responsible for the immunomodulatory function of nutraceuticals, focusing on the most relevant aspects for the prevention and treatment of viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Costagliola
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Pediatrics, University of Pisa, Via Roma 57, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (G.C.); (G.N.); (E.S.); (P.C.)
| | - Giulia Nuzzi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Pediatrics, University of Pisa, Via Roma 57, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (G.C.); (G.N.); (E.S.); (P.C.)
| | - Erika Spada
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Pediatrics, University of Pisa, Via Roma 57, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (G.C.); (G.N.); (E.S.); (P.C.)
| | - Pasquale Comberiati
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Pediatrics, University of Pisa, Via Roma 57, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (G.C.); (G.N.); (E.S.); (P.C.)
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119435 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elvira Verduci
- Department of Pediatrics, San Paolo Hospital, 20142 Milan, Italy;
- Department of Health Science, University of Milan, 20142 Milan, Italy
| | - Diego G. Peroni
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Pediatrics, University of Pisa, Via Roma 57, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (G.C.); (G.N.); (E.S.); (P.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-50-799-2100
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14
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Zhang X, Chen Y, Jin S, Bi X, Chen D, Zhang D, Liu L, Jing H, Na L. Association of serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D with Vitamin D intervention and outdoor activity among children in North China: an observational study. BMC Pediatr 2020; 20:542. [PMID: 33267851 PMCID: PMC7709348 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-020-02435-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Living at high latitudes is one of the risk factors for vitamin D deficiency in children. However, evidence on vitamin D improvement for this pediatric population to date is limited. This study aims at evaluating the association of different vitamin D intervention methods and outdoor activity on the vitamin D status of children in North China. Methods In this observational study, a total of 55,925 children aged 1 month to 18 years old were recruited from pediatric outpatient departments from July 2016 to June 2017. Data on demographics, anthropometric measurements, vitamin D intervention (either prescribed by physicians or given by parents) and outdoor activity were recorded. The serum levels of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25(OH)D) were determined by high performance liquid chromatography tandem–mass spectrometry. Logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the association of vitamin D intervention or outdoor activity with blood vitamin D status, adjusted for age, gender, BMI for age, and seasons. Results The overall rate of hypovitaminosis D was 65.60%. Of the children’s outdoor activity, 35.63, 31.95, and 32.42% were below 30 min/d, 30–60 min/d and over 60 min/d, respectively. Furthermore, the proportion of therapeutic intervention, supplementation intervention and no vitamin D intervention among the children was 16.48, 32.87, and 50.65%, respectively. After adjusted for confounding factors, vitamin D intervention was associated with a lower risk of hypovitaminosis D, with OR (95% CI) of 0.191 (0.180, 0.202) in children with therapeutic doses and 0.423 (0.404, 0.443) in those with supplementation doses, compared with children without vitamin D intervention. In addition, longer outdoor time was associated with a lower risk of hypovitaminosis D [0.479 (0.456, 0.504) for 60 min/d, 0.737 (0.701, 0.776) for 30–60 min/d], independent of vitamin D intervention. Conclusions High prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was found in children living at high latitudes. Vitamin D intervention and outdoor activity are all negatively associated with children’s vitamin D deficiency. Routine vitamin D intervention combined with increased outdoor time might be an effective approach to prevent hypovitaminosis D among children, especially those at school, living at high latitudes. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12887-020-02435-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuguang Zhang
- Department of Child Healthcare, Harbin Children's Hospital, Harbin, 150010, China
| | - Yanping Chen
- Department of Child Healthcare, Harbin Children's Hospital, Harbin, 150010, China
| | - Shanshan Jin
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine, Medical Technology College, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318, China
| | - Xinxin Bi
- Health Supervision Institute of Harbin Municipal Health Bureau, Harbin, 150010, China
| | - Dongkai Chen
- Department of Child Healthcare, Harbin Children's Hospital, Harbin, 150010, China
| | - Dongmei Zhang
- Department of Child Healthcare, Harbin Children's Hospital, Harbin, 150010, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Child Healthcare, Harbin Children's Hospital, Harbin, 150010, China
| | - Hong Jing
- Department of Child Healthcare, Harbin Children's Hospital, Harbin, 150010, China
| | - Lixin Na
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine, Medical Technology College, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318, China.
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