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Teng D, Liu D, Khashaveh A, Lv B, Sun P, Geng T, Cui H, Wang Y, Zhang Y. Engineering DMNT emission in cotton enhances direct and indirect defense against mirid bugs. J Adv Res 2024:S2090-1232(24)00212-1. [PMID: 38806097 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION As an important herbivore-induced plant volatile, (3E)-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene (DMNT) is known for its defensive role against multiple insect pests, including attracting natural enemies. A terpene synthase (GhTPS14) and two cytochrome P450 (GhCYP82L1, GhCYP82L2) enzymes are involved in the de novo synthesis of DMNT in cotton. We conducted a study to test the potential of manipulating DMNT-synthesizing enzymes to enhance plant resistance to insects. OBJECTIVES To manipulate DMNT emissions in cotton and generate cotton lines with increased resistance to mirid bug Apolygus lucorum. METHODS Biosynthesis and emission of DMNT by cotton plants were altered using CRISPR/Cas9 and overexpression approaches. Dynamic headspace sampling and GC-MS analysis were used to collect, identify and quantify volatiles. The attractiveness and suitability of cotton lines against mirid bug and its parasitoid Peristenus spretus were evaluated through various assays. RESULTS No DMNT emission was detected in knockout CAS-L1L2 line, where both GhCYP82L1 and GhCYP82L2 were knocked out. In contrast, gene-overexpressed lines released higher amounts of DMNT when infested by A. lucorum. At the flowering stage, L114 (co-overexpressing GhCYP82L1 and GhTPS14) emitted 10-15-fold higher amounts than controls. DMNT emission in overexpressed transgenic lines could be triggered by methyl jasmonate (MeJA) treatment. Apolygus lucorum and its parasitoid were far less attracted to the double edited CAS-L1L2 plants, however, co-overexpressed line L114 significantly attracted bugs and female wasps. A high dose of DMNT, comparable to the emission of L114, significantly inhibited the growth of A. lucorum, and further resulted in higher mortalities. CONCLUSION Turning down DMNT emission attenuated the behavioral preferences of A. lucorum to cotton. Genetically modified cotton plants with elevated DMNT emission not only recruited parasitoids to enhance indirect defense, but also formed an ecological trap to kill the bugs. Therefore, manipulation of DMNT biosynthesis and emission in plants presents a promising strategy for controlling mirid bugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Teng
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Danfeng Liu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plant Reproductive Adaptation and Evolutionary Ecology and Centre for Invasion Biology, Institute of Biodiversity, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650504, China
| | - Adel Khashaveh
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Beibei Lv
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; Institute of Cotton Research, Shanxi Agricultural University, Yuncheng 044000, China
| | - Peiyao Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ting Geng
- National Plant Protection Scientific Observation and Experiment Station, Langfang 065000, China
| | - Hongzhi Cui
- Biocentury Transgene (China) Co. Ltd., Shenzhen 518117, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plant Reproductive Adaptation and Evolutionary Ecology and Centre for Invasion Biology, Institute of Biodiversity, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650504, China
| | - Yongjun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
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Li J, Hu H, Ren S, Yu L, Luo Y, Li J, Zeng T, Wang M, Wang C. Aphid alarm pheromone mimicry in transgenic Chrysanthemum morifolium: insights into the potential of ( E)-β-farnesene for aphid resistance. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1373669. [PMID: 38711605 PMCID: PMC11070518 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1373669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
(E)-β-Farnesene (EBF) serves as the primary component of the alarm pheromone used by most aphid pest species. Pyrethrum (Tanacetum cinerariifolium) exhibits tissue-specific regulation of EBF accumulation and release, effectively mimicking the aphid alarm signal, deterring aphid attacks while attracting aphid predators. However, cultivated chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium), a popular and economically significant flower, is highly vulnerable to aphid infestations. In this study, we investigated the high expression of the pyrethrum EBF synthase (TcEbFS) gene promoter in the flower head and stem, particularly in the parenchyma cells. Subsequently, we introduced the TcEbFS gene, under the control of its native promoter, into cultivated chrysanthemum. This genetic modification led to increased EBF accumulation in the flower stem and young flower bud, which are the most susceptible tissues to aphid attacks. Analysis revealed that aphids feeding on transgenic chrysanthemum exhibited prolonged probing times and extended salivation durations during the phloem phase, indicating that EBF in the cortex cells hindered their host-location behavior. Interestingly, the heightened emission of EBF was only observed in transgenic chrysanthemum flowers after mechanical damage. Furthermore, we explored the potential of this transgenic chrysanthemum for aphid resistance by comparing the spatial distribution and storage of terpene volatiles in different organs and tissues of pyrethrum and chrysanthemum. This study provides valuable insights into future trials aiming for a more accurate replication of alarm pheromone release in plants. It highlights the complexities of utilizing EBF for aphid resistance in cultivated chrysanthemum and calls for further investigations to enhance our understanding of this defense mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjin Li
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hao Hu
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shengjing Ren
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lu Yu
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuanyuan Luo
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiawen Li
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tuo Zeng
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Manqun Wang
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Caiyun Wang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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Srividya N, Kim H, Simone R, Lange BM. Chemical diversity in angiosperms - monoterpene synthases control complex reactions that provide the precursors for ecologically and commercially important monoterpenoids. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 38565299 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Monoterpene synthases (MTSs) catalyze the first committed step in the biosynthesis of monoterpenoids, a class of specialized metabolites with particularly high chemical diversity in angiosperms. In addition to accomplishing a rate enhancement, these enzymes manage the formation and turnover of highly reactive carbocation intermediates formed from a prenyl diphosphate substrate. At each step along the reaction path, a cationic intermediate can be subject to cyclization, migration of a proton, hydride, or alkyl group, or quenching to terminate the sequence. However, enzymatic control of ligand folding, stabilization of specific intermediates, and defined quenching chemistry can maintain the specificity for forming a signature product. This review article will discuss our current understanding of how angiosperm MTSs control the reaction environment. Such knowledge allows inferences about the origin and regulation of chemical diversity, which is pertinent for appreciating the role of monoterpenoids in plant ecology but also for aiding commercial efforts that harness the accumulation of these specialized metabolites for the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narayanan Srividya
- Institute of Biological Chemistry and M. J. Murdock Metabolomics Laboratory, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164-7411, USA
| | - Hoshin Kim
- Physical and Computational Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Raugei Simone
- Physical and Computational Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Bernd Markus Lange
- Institute of Biological Chemistry and M. J. Murdock Metabolomics Laboratory, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164-7411, USA
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Liu G, Wang Q, Chen H, Wang Y, Zhou X, Bao D, Wang N, Sun J, Huang F, Yang M, Zhang H, Yan P, Li X, Shi J, Fu J. Plant-derived monoterpene S-linalool and β-ocimene generated by CsLIS and CsOCS-SCZ are key chemical cues for attracting parasitoid wasps for suppressing Ectropis obliqua infestation in Camellia sinensis L. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024; 47:913-927. [PMID: 38168880 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Insect-induced plant volatile organic compounds (VOCs) may function as either direct defence molecules to deter insects or indirect defence signals to attract the natural enemies of the invading insects. Tea (Camellia sinensis L.), an important leaf-based beverage crop, is mainly infested by Ectropis obliqua which causes the most serious damage. Here, we report a mechanistic investigation of tea plant-derived VOCs in an indirect defence mechanism against E. obliqua. Parasitoid wasp Parapanteles hyposidrae, a natural enemy of E. obliqua, showed strong electrophysiological response and selection behaviour towards S-linalool and β-ocimene, two monoterpenes with elevated emission from E. obliqua-damaged tea plants. Larvae frass of E. obliqua, which also released S-linalool and β-ocimene, was found to attract both mated female or male Pa. hyposidrae according to gas chromatography-electroantennogram detection and Y-tube olfactometer assays. In a field setting, both S-linalool and β-ocimene were effective in recruiting both female and male Pa. hyposidrae wasps. To understand the molecular mechanism of monoterpenes-mediated indirect defence in tea plants, two novel monoterpene synthase genes, CsLIS and CsOCS-SCZ, involved in the biosynthesis of S-linalool or β-ocimene, respectively, were identified and biochemically characterised. When the expression of these two genes in tea plants was inhibited by antisense oligodeoxynucleotide, both volatile emission and attraction of wasps were reduced. Furthermore, gene expression analysis suggested that the expression of CsLIS and CsOCS-SCZ is regulated by the jasmonic acid signalling pathway in the tea plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanhua Liu
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Quality and Safety Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Quality and Safety Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Quality and Safety Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuxi Wang
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Quality and Safety Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaogui Zhou
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Quality and Safety Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, China
| | - Demeng Bao
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Quality and Safety Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Nuo Wang
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Quality and Safety Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, China
| | - Juan Sun
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Quality and Safety Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fuyin Huang
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Quality and Safety Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mei Yang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Han Zhang
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Quality and Safety Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, China
| | - Peng Yan
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Quality and Safety Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xin Li
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Quality and Safety Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiang Shi
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianyu Fu
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Quality and Safety Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, China
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Hashimoto M, Takahashi K, Unno T, Ohta T. Linalyl acetate exerts analgesic effects by inhibiting nociceptive TRPA1 in mice. Biomed Res 2024; 45:125-133. [PMID: 38839355 DOI: 10.2220/biomedres.45.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Clary sage essential oil (CSEO) is utilized in perfumery, aromatherapy, and skincare. Linalyl acetate (LA), a primary component of CSEO, possesses sedative, anxiolytic, and analgesic properties. However, the mechanism of its analgesic action is not clearly understood. Transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) channel, a non-selective cation channel, is mainly expressed in sensory neurons and serves as a sensor of various irritants. In this study, we investigated the effects of LA on TRPA1 channel using heterologous expression system and isolated sensory neurons. To detect channel activity, we employed Ca2+ imaging and the whole-cell patch-clamp technique. The analgesic action of LA was measured in a pain-related behavioral mouse model. In cells that heterologously expressed TRPA1, LA diminished [Ca2+]i and current responses to allylisothiocyanate (AITC) and carvacrol: exogenous TRPA1 agonists, and the inhibitory effects were more pronounced for the former than for the latter. Moreover, LA suppressed [Ca2+] i and current responses to PGJ2: an endogenous TRPA1 agonist. Similar inhibitory actions were observed in native TRPA1 channels expressed in mouse sensory neurons. Furthermore, LA diminished PGJ2-induced nociceptive behaviors in mice. These findings suggest that analgesic effects of LA exert through inhibition of nociceptive TRPA1, making it a potential candidate for novel analgesic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miho Hashimoto
- Department of Basic Veterinary Science, Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Kenji Takahashi
- Department of Basic Veterinary Science, Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Unno
- Department of Basic Veterinary Science, Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Toshio Ohta
- Department of Basic Veterinary Science, Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
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Dötterl S, Gershenzon J. Chemistry, biosynthesis and biology of floral volatiles: roles in pollination and other functions. Nat Prod Rep 2023; 40:1901-1937. [PMID: 37661854 DOI: 10.1039/d3np00024a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Covering: 2010 to 2023Floral volatiles are a chemically diverse group of plant metabolites that serve multiple functions. Their composition is shaped by environmental, ecological and evolutionary factors. This review will summarize recent advances in floral scent research from chemical, molecular and ecological perspectives. It will focus on the major chemical classes of floral volatiles, on notable new structures, and on recent discoveries regarding the biosynthesis and the regulation of volatile emission. Special attention will be devoted to the various functions of floral volatiles, not only as attractants for different types of pollinators, but also as defenses of flowers against enemies. We will also summarize recent findings on how floral volatiles are affected by abiotic stressors, such as increased temperatures and drought, and by other organisms, such as herbivores and flower-dwelling microbes. Finally, this review will indicate current research gaps, such as the very limited knowledge of the isomeric pattern of chiral compounds and its importance in interspecific interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Dötterl
- Department of Environment & Biodiversity, Paris Lodron University Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstr 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Jonathan Gershenzon
- Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, 07745 Jena, Germany.
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Sharma N, Radha, Kumar M, Kumari N, Puri S, Rais N, Natta S, Dhumal S, Navamaniraj N, Chandran D, Mohankumar P, Muthukumar M, Senapathy M, Deshmukh V, Damale RD, Anitha T, Balamurugan V, Sathish G, Lorenzo JM. Phytochemicals, therapeutic benefits and applications of chrysanthemum flower: A review. Heliyon 2023; 9:e20232. [PMID: 37860517 PMCID: PMC10582400 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Chrysanthemum is a flowering plant belonging to a genus of the dicotyledonous herbaceous annual flowering plant of the Asteraceae (Compositae) family. It is a perpetual flowering plant, mostly cultivated for medicinal purposes; generally, used in popular drinks due to its aroma and flavor. It is primarily cultivated in China, Japan, Europe, and United States. These flowers were extensively used in various healthcare systems and for treating various diseases. Chrysanthemum flowers are rich in phenolic compounds and exhibit strong properties including antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, anti-allergic, anti-obesity, immune regulation, hepatoprotective, and nephroprotective activities. The main aim of the present review was to investigate the nutritional profile, phytochemistry, and biological activities of flowers of different Chrysanthemum species. Also, a critical discussion of the diverse metabolites or bioactive constituents of the Chrysanthemum flowers is highlighted in the present review. Moreover, the flower extracts of Chrysanthemum have been assessed to possess a rich phytochemical profile, including compounds such as cyanidin-3-O-(6″-O-malonyl) glucoside, delphinidin 3-O-(6" -O-malonyl) glucoside-3', rutin, quercetin, isorhamnetin, rutinoside, and others. These profiles exhibit potential health benefits, leading to their utilization in the production of supplementary food products and pharmaceutical drugs within the industry. However, more comprehensive research studies/investigations are still needed to further discover the potential benefits for human and animal utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niharika Sharma
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, 173229, India
| | - Radha
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, 173229, India
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Chemical and Biochemical Processing Division, ICAR–Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology, Mumbai, 400019, India
| | - Neeraj Kumari
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, 173229, India
| | - Sunil Puri
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, 173229, India
| | - Nadeem Rais
- Department of Pharmacy, Bhagwant University, Ajmer, 305004, India
| | - Suman Natta
- ICAR—National Research Centre for Orchids, Pakyong, 737106, India
| | - Sangram Dhumal
- Division of Horticulture, RCSM College of Agriculture, Kolhapur, 416004, India
| | - Nelson Navamaniraj
- Seed Centre, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641003, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Deepak Chandran
- Department of Animal Husbandry, Government of Kerala, Palakkad 679335, Kerela, India
| | - Pran Mohankumar
- Department of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Amrita School of Agricultural Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham University, Coimbatore 642109, India
| | - Muthamilselvan Muthukumar
- Department of Entomology, SRM College of Agricultural Sciences, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chengalpattu 603201, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Marisennayya Senapathy
- Department of Rural Development and Agricultural Extension, College of Agriculture, Wolaita Sodo University, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia
| | - Vishal Deshmukh
- Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Yashwantrao Mohite Institute of Management, Karad, India
| | - Rahul D. Damale
- ICAR—National Research Centre on Pomegranate, Solapur 413255, Maharashtra, India
| | - T. Anitha
- Department of Postharvest Technology, Horticultural College and Research Institute, Periyakulam, 625604, India
| | - V. Balamurugan
- Department of Agricultural Economics, Agricultural College and Research Institute, Madurai, India
| | - G. Sathish
- Department of Postharvest Technology, Horticultural College and Research Institute, Periyakulam, 625604, India
| | - Jose M. Lorenzo
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, rúa Galicia n◦ 4, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, San Cibrao das Viñas, 32900, Ourense, Spain
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Bao T, Kimani S, Li Y, Li H, Yang S, Zhang J, Wang Q, Wang Z, Ning G, Wang L, Gao X. Allelic variation of terpene synthases drives terpene diversity in the wild species of the Freesia genus. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 192:2419-2435. [PMID: 36932696 PMCID: PMC10315281 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Terpene synthases (TPSs) play pivotal roles in conferring the structural diversity of terpenoids, which are mainly emitted from flowers, whereas the genetic basis of the release of floral volatile terpenes remains largely elusive. Though quite similar in sequence, TPS allelic variants still function divergently, and how they drive floral terpene diversity in closely related species remains unknown. Here, TPSs responsible for the floral scent of wild Freesia species were characterized, and the functions of their natural allelic variants, as well as the causal amino acid residues, were investigated in depth. Besides the 8 TPSs previously reported in modern cultivars, 7 additional TPSs were functionally evaluated to contribute to the major volatiles emitted from wild Freesia species. Functional characterization of allelic natural variants demonstrated that allelic TPS2 and TPS10 variants changed the enzymatic capacity while allelic TPS6 variants drove the diversity of floral terpene products. Further residue substitution analysis revealed the minor residues determining the enzyme catalytic activity and product specificity. The clarification of TPSs in wild Freesia species reveals that allelic TPS variants evolved differently to determine the interspecific floral volatile terpenes in the genus and might be used for modern cultivar improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Bao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Shadrack Kimani
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
- School of Pure and Applied Sciences, Karatina University, Karatina 10101, Kenya
| | - Yueqing Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Hongjie Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Song Yang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Jia Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Qiuyue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Zhaoxuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Guogui Ning
- Key laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Li Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
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9
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Rayff da Silva P, de Andrade JC, de Sousa NF, Portela ACR, Oliveira Pires HF, Remígio MCRB, da Nóbrega Alves D, de Andrade HHN, Dias AL, Salvadori MGDSS, de Oliveira Golzio AMF, de Castro RD, Scotti MT, Felipe CFB, de Almeida RN, Scotti L. Computational Studies Applied to Linalool and Citronellal Derivatives Against Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Disorders: A Review with Experimental Approach. Curr Neuropharmacol 2023; 21:842-866. [PMID: 36809939 PMCID: PMC10227923 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x21666230221123059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's and Parkinson's are neurodegenerative disorders that affect a great number of people around the world, seriously compromising the quality of life of individuals, due to motor and cognitive damage. In these diseases, pharmacological treatment is used only to alleviate symptoms. This emphasizes the need to discover alternative molecules for use in prevention. Using Molecular Docking, this review aimed to evaluate the anti-Alzheimer's and anti-Parkinson's activity of linalool and citronellal, as well as their derivatives. Before performing Molecular Docking simulations, the compounds' pharmacokinetic characteristics were evaluated. For Molecular Docking, 7 chemical compounds derived from citronellal, and 10 compounds derived from linalool, and molecular targets involved in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's pathophysiology were selected. According to the Lipinski rules, the compounds under study presented good oral absorption and bioavailability. For toxicity, some tissue irritability was observed. For Parkinson-related targets, the citronellal and linalool derived compounds revealed excellent energetic affinity for α-Synuclein, Adenosine Receptors, Monoamine Oxidase (MAO), and Dopamine D1 receptor proteins. For Alzheimer disease targets, only linalool and its derivatives presented promise against BACE enzyme activity. The compounds studied presented high probability of modulatory activity against the disease targets under study, and are potential candidates for future drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Rayff da Silva
- Psychopharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Drugs and Medicines Research, Federal University of Paraíba, 58051-085, Via Ipê Amarelo, S/N, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Cabral de Andrade
- Psychopharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Drugs and Medicines Research, Federal University of Paraíba, 58051-085, Via Ipê Amarelo, S/N, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Natália Ferreira de Sousa
- Cheminformatics Laboratory, Institute of Drugs and Medicines Research, Federal University of Paraíba, 58051-900, Via Ipê Amarelo, S/N, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Anne Caroline Ribeiro Portela
- Psychopharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Drugs and Medicines Research, Federal University of Paraíba, 58051-085, Via Ipê Amarelo, S/N, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Hugo Fernandes Oliveira Pires
- Psychopharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Drugs and Medicines Research, Federal University of Paraíba, 58051-085, Via Ipê Amarelo, S/N, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Maria Caroline Rodrigues Bezerra Remígio
- Psychopharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Drugs and Medicines Research, Federal University of Paraíba, 58051-085, Via Ipê Amarelo, S/N, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Danielle da Nóbrega Alves
- Psychopharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Drugs and Medicines Research, Federal University of Paraíba, 58051-085, Via Ipê Amarelo, S/N, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Humberto Hugo Nunes de Andrade
- Psychopharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Drugs and Medicines Research, Federal University of Paraíba, 58051-085, Via Ipê Amarelo, S/N, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Arthur Lins Dias
- Psychopharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Drugs and Medicines Research, Federal University of Paraíba, 58051-085, Via Ipê Amarelo, S/N, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | | | | | - Ricardo Dias de Castro
- Psychopharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Drugs and Medicines Research, Federal University of Paraíba, 58051-085, Via Ipê Amarelo, S/N, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Marcus T. Scotti
- Cheminformatics Laboratory, Institute of Drugs and Medicines Research, Federal University of Paraíba, 58051-900, Via Ipê Amarelo, S/N, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Cícero Francisco Bezerra Felipe
- Psychopharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Drugs and Medicines Research, Federal University of Paraíba, 58051-085, Via Ipê Amarelo, S/N, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Reinaldo Nóbrega de Almeida
- Psychopharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Drugs and Medicines Research, Federal University of Paraíba, 58051-085, Via Ipê Amarelo, S/N, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Luciana Scotti
- Cheminformatics Laboratory, Institute of Drugs and Medicines Research, Federal University of Paraíba, 58051-900, Via Ipê Amarelo, S/N, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
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Mekapogu M, Kwon OK, Song HY, Jung JA. Towards the Improvement of Ornamental Attributes in Chrysanthemum: Recent Progress in Biotechnological Advances. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012284. [PMID: 36293140 PMCID: PMC9603847 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Incessant development and introduction of novel cultivars with improved floral attributes are vital in the dynamic ornamental industry. Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium) is a highly favored ornamental plant, ranking second globally in the cut flower trade, after rose. Development of new chrysanthemum cultivars with improved and innovative modifications in ornamental attributes, including floral color, shape, plant architecture, flowering time, enhanced shelf life, and biotic and abiotic stress tolerance, is a major goal in chrysanthemum breeding. Despite being an economically important ornamental plant, the application of conventional and molecular breeding approaches to various key traits of chrysanthemum is hindered owing to its genomic complexity, heterozygosity, and limited gene pool availability. Although classical breeding of chrysanthemum has resulted in the development of several hundreds of cultivars with various morphological variations, the genetic and transcriptional control of various important ornamental traits remains unclear. The coveted blue colored flowers of chrysanthemums cannot be achieved through conventional breeding and mutation breeding due to technical limitations. However, blue-hued flower has been developed by genetic engineering, and transgenic molecular breeding has been successfully employed, leading to substantial progress in improving various traits. The recent availability of whole-genome sequences of chrysanthemum offers a platform to extensively employ MAS to identify a large number of markers for QTL mapping, and GWAS to dissect the genetic control of complex traits. The combination of NGS, multi-omic platforms, and genome editing technologies has provided a tremendous scope to decipher the molecular and regulatory mechanisms. However, the application and integration of these technologies remain inadequate for chrysanthemum. This review, therefore, details the significance of floral attributes, describes the efforts of recent advancements, and highlights the possibilities for future application towards the improvement of crucial ornamental traits in the globally popular chrysanthemum plant.
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Abou El-Ela AS, Ntiri ES, Munawar A, Shi XX, Zhang C, Pilianto J, Zhang Y, Chen M, Zhou W, Zhu ZR. Silver and copper-oxide nanoparticles prepared with GA 3 induced defense in rice plants and caused mortalities to the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål). NANOIMPACT 2022; 28:100428. [PMID: 36126900 DOI: 10.1016/j.impact.2022.100428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nanoparticles have been employed as nanopesticides for pest control in agriculture. However, the harmful effects of their chemical synthesis on human and environmental health have resulted in increased use of green synthetic approaches, including the use of plant extracts. The brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) (BPH), is a severe pest of rice plants (Oryza sativa L.), especially in Asia. It is usually controlled chemically but has developed resistance against many insecticides. RESULTS In this study, we synthesized metallic silver (Ag-NPs) and copper-oxide (CuO-NPs) nanoparticles using the exogenous phytohormone, gibberellic acid (GA3), as a reducing agent. We then sprayed them separately on rice plants and BPH together and evaluated their effects on the plants and insects. SEM and TEM images showed that the synthesis was successful, indicated by the sizes (25-60 nm), uniform shape and spherical and cubical structures of Ag-NPs, as well as by the rugby sheet-like of CuO-NPs with lateral sizes of 150-340 nm and thickness of 30-70 nm. Independent applications of the nanoparticles and GA3 on rice plants induced different volatile profiles, of which the highest number emitted was under Ag-NPs, including the highest emission of linalool. Transcriptome analysis showed that Ag-NPs-treated rice plants showed different transcriptome profiles compared to the control, 24 h after treatment, including the upregulation of the linalool synthase gene, genes of plants transcription factors such as WRKY, bHLH and NAC and other genes involved in plant defense responses. In all treatments, the mortality rate of BPH increased with an increase in NPs concentrations over time but was prominent under Ag-NPs treatment. The LC50 values for Ag-NPs and CuO-NPs decreased with an increase in time. Also, the nanoparticles increased the activities of protective enzymes (POD, SOD and CAT), inhibited that of detoxification enzymes (A-CHE, ACP and AKP), and reduced total protein concentrations in the BPH. CONCLUSIONS These results show that synthesizing nanoparticles using phytohormones may be a safer and environmentally friendly option, which also holds promise for controlling the BPH in rice production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr S Abou El-Ela
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha), Alexandria University, Alexandria 21531, Egypt
| | - Eric Siaw Ntiri
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Economic and Applied Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Asim Munawar
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiao-Xiao Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Institute for Intelligent Bio/Chem Manufacturing (iBCM), ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Joko Pilianto
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yadong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Wenwu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zeng-Rong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Hainan Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Sanya 572000, China.
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12
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Linalool Activates Oxidative and Calcium Burst and CAM3-ACA8 Participates in Calcium Recovery in Arabidopsis Leaves. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105357. [PMID: 35628166 PMCID: PMC9142083 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants produce linalool to respond to biotic stress, but the linalool-induced early signal remains unclear. In wild-type Arabidopsis, plant resistance to diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella) increased more strongly in a linalool-treated group than in an untreated control group. H2O2 and Ca2+, two important early signals that participated in biotic stress, burst after being treated with linalool in Arabidopsis mesophyll cells. Linalool treatment increased H2O2 and intracellular calcium concentrations in mesophyll cells, observed using a confocal microscope with laser scanning, and H2O2 signaling functions upstream of Ca2+ signaling by using inhibitors and mutants. Ca2+ efflux was detected using non-invasive micro-test technology (NMT), and Ca2+ efflux was also inhibited by NADPH oxidase inhibitor DPI (diphenyleneiodonium chloride) and in cells of the NADPH oxidase mutant rbohd. To restore intracellular calcium levels, Ca2+-ATPase was activated, and calmodulin 3 (CAM3) participated in Ca2+-ATPase activation. This result is consistent with the interaction between CAM7 and Ca2+-ATPase isoform 8 (ACA8). In addition, a yeast two-hybrid assay, firefly luciferase complementation imaging assay, and an in vitro pulldown assay showed that CAM3 interacts with the N-terminus of ACA8, and qRT-PCR showed that some JA-related genes and defense genes expressions were enhanced when treated with linalool in Arabidopsis leaves. This study reveals that linalool enhances H2O2 and intracellular calcium concentrations in Arabidopsis mesophyll cells; CAM3-ACA8 reduces intracellular calcium concentrations, allowing cells to resume their resting state. Additionally, JA-related genes and defense genes' expression may enhance plants' defense when treated with linalool.
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13
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Khakdan F, Govahi M, Mohebi Z, Ranjbar M. Water deficit stress responses of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes in different Iranian cultivars of basil. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 173:896-910. [PMID: 34161632 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Ocimum basilicum, a popular aromatic plant, contains aromatic terpenes of terpenoids with in vivo and in vitro verified cytotoxicity. Considering the characteristics and potential of its utilization, it would be attractive to reveal its regulation and biosynthesis, originally at the molecular level under water deficit stress. For this aim, for the first time, the gene encoding the enzyme involved in the end step of the MEP biosynthetic pathways (HDR) was cloned, and the accumulation ratio of linalool, germacrene D and γ-cadinene compounds as well as the expression trait of four critical genes (i.e., HDR, LinS, GerS, and GadS) was assessed under water deficit stress in three Iranian cultivars of basil. The highest value of linalool and γ-cadinene were detected for Cultivar 1 (Cult. 1) under mild stress (W1; 52.6 and 21.1%), while insignificant amounts were obtained for Cultivar 3 (Cult. 3). The germacrene D level of Cultivar 2 (Cult. 2) increased under severe and moderate water stresses as compared with mild water deficit stress. Apart from some expectation, all the studied genes demonstrated divergent transcription ratios under water deficit stress. Principal component analyses (PCA) showed that the relative water content (RWC) and HDR gene expression correlated significantly with essential oil components and gene expression in Cult. 1 and 2, which could represent an elevated demand for corresponding metabolites in the plant tissues. The present work elaborates on the regulation of the mentioned genes, and the results indicate that the production of terpenoids might be a drought stress-dependent and cultivar-dependent procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mostafa Govahi
- Department of Nano Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology, Amol University of Special Modern Technologies, Amol, Iran
| | - Zahra Mohebi
- Department of Natural Resources, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences & Natural Resources, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Ranjbar
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology, Amol University of Special Modern Technologies, Amol, Iran
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Detecting the Conspecific: Herbivory-Induced Olfactory Cues in the Fall Armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11090583. [PMID: 34564399 PMCID: PMC8471698 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11090583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith), is a polyphagous pest whose larval feeding threatens several economically important crops worldwide with especially severe damage to corn (Zea mays L.). Field-derived resistance to several conventional pesticides and Bt toxins have threatened the efficacy of current management strategies, necessitating the development of alternative pest management methods and technologies. One possible avenue is the use of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and other secondary metabolites that are produced and sequestered by plants as a response to larval feeding. The effects of conspecific larval feeding on fall armyworm oviposition preferences and larval fitness were examined using two-choice oviposition experiments, larval feeding trials, targeted metabolomics, and VOC analyses. There was a significant preference for oviposition on corn plants that lacked larval feeding damage, and larvae fed tissue from damaged plants exhibited reduced weights and head capsule widths. All larval feeding promoted significantly increased metabolite and VOC concentrations compared to corn plants without any feeding. Metabolite differences were driven primarily by linoleic acid (which is directly toxic to fall armyworm) and tricarboxylic acids. Several VOCs with significantly increased concentrations in damaged corn plants were known oviposition deterrents that warrant further investigation in an integrated pest management context.
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Weston-Green K, Clunas H, Jimenez Naranjo C. A Review of the Potential Use of Pinene and Linalool as Terpene-Based Medicines for Brain Health: Discovering Novel Therapeutics in the Flavours and Fragrances of Cannabis. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:583211. [PMID: 34512404 PMCID: PMC8426550 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.583211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
"Medicinal cannabis" is defined as the use of cannabis-based products for the treatment of an illness. Investigations of cannabis compounds in psychiatric and neurological illnesses primarily focus on the major cannabinoids, cannabidiol (CBD) and Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC), which are hypothesised to benefit multiple illnesses manifesting cognitive impairment, neurodegeneration and neuro-inflammation, as well as chronic pain, epilepsy and post-traumatic stress disorder, respectively. The cannabis plant contains >500 compounds, including terpenes responsible for the flavour and fragrance profiles of plants. Recently, research has begun providing evidence on the potential use of certain plant-derived terpenes in modern medicine, demonstrating anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective effects of these compounds. This review examined the effects of two key terpenes, pinene and linalool, on parameters relevant to neurological and psychiatric disorders, highlighting gaps in the literature and recommendations for future research into terpene therapeutics. Overall, evidence is mostly limited to preclinical studies and well-designed clinical trials are lacking. Nevertheless, existing data suggests that pinene and linalool are relevant candidates for further investigation as novel medicines for illnesses, including stroke, ischemia, inflammatory and neuropathic pain (including migraine), cognitive impairment (relevant to Alzheimer's disease and ageing), insomnia, anxiety, and depression. Linalool and pinene influence multiple neurotransmitter, inflammatory and neurotrophic signals as well as behaviour, demonstrating psycho-activity (albeit non-intoxicating). Optimising the phytochemical profile of cannabis chemovars to yield therapeutic levels of beneficial terpenes and cannabinoids, such as linalool, pinene and CBD, could present a unique opportunity to discover novel medicines to treat psychiatric and neurological illnesses; however, further research is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina Weston-Green
- Neurohorizons Laboratory, Molecular Horizons and School of Medicine, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- Australian Centre for Cannabinoid Clinical and Research Excellence (ACRE), New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Helen Clunas
- Neurohorizons Laboratory, Molecular Horizons and School of Medicine, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- Australian Centre for Cannabinoid Clinical and Research Excellence (ACRE), New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Carlos Jimenez Naranjo
- Neurohorizons Laboratory, Molecular Horizons and School of Medicine, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- Australian Centre for Cannabinoid Clinical and Research Excellence (ACRE), New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
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16
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Yu Z, Zhang G, Teixeira da Silva JA, Zhao C, Duan J. The methyl jasmonate-responsive transcription factor DobHLH4 promotes DoTPS10, which is involved in linalool biosynthesis in Dendrobium officinale during floral development. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 309:110952. [PMID: 34134848 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2021.110952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Linalool is an aromatic monoterpene produced in the Chinese medicinal plant Dendrobium officinale, but little information is available on the regulation of linalool biosynthesis. Here, a novel basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor, DobHLH4 from D. officinale, was identified and functionally characterized. The expression profile of DobHLH4 was positively correlated with that of DoTPS10 (R2 = 0.985, p < 0.01), which encodes linalool synthase that is responsible for linalool production, during floral development. DobHLH4 was highly expressed in petals, and was significantly induced by methyl jasmonate. Analysis of subcellular localization showed that DobHLH4 was located in the nucleus. Yeast one-hybrid and dual-luciferase assays indicated that DobHLH4 bound directly to the DoTPS10 promoter harboring the G-box element, and up-regulated DoTPS10 expression. A yeast two-hybrid screen confirmed that DobHLH4 physically interacted with DoJAZ1, suggesting that DobHLH4 might function in the jasmonic acid-mediated accumulation of linalool. Furthermore, transient overexpression of DobHLH4 in D. officinale petals significantly increased linalool production by triggering linalool biosynthetic pathway genes, especially DoTPS10. We suggest a hypothetical model that depicts how jasmonic acid signaling may regulate DoTPS10 by interacting with DobHLH4 and DoJAZ1. In doing so, the formation of linalool is controlled. Our results indicate that DobHLH4 is a positive regulator of linalool biosynthesis and may be a promising target for in vitro-based metabolic engineering to produce linalool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenming Yu
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China; Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | - Guihua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | | | - Conghui Zhao
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | - Jun Duan
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China; Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China.
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17
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He J, Halitschke R, Baldwin IT, Schuman MC. Natural variation in linalool metabolites: One genetic locus, many functions? JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 63:1416-1421. [PMID: 33930259 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The ubiquitous volatile linalool is metabolized in plants to nonvolatile derivatives. We studied Nicotiana attenuata plants which naturally vary in (S)-(+)-linalool contents, and lines engineered to produce either (R)-(-)- or (S)-(+)-linalool. Only (S)-(+)-linalool production was associated with slower growth of a generalist herbivore, and a large fraction was present as nonvolatile derivatives. We found that variation in volatile linalool and its nonvolatile glycosides mapped to the same genetic locus which harbored the biosynthetic gene, NaLIS, but that free linalool varied more in environmental responses. This study reveals how (S)-(+)-linalool and conjugates differ in their regulation and possible functions in resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun He
- National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400712, China
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, 07745, Germany
| | - Rayko Halitschke
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, 07745, Germany
| | - Ian T Baldwin
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, 07745, Germany
| | - Meredith C Schuman
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, 07745, Germany
- Departments of Geography and Chemistry, University of Zürich, Zürich, 8057, Switzerland
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18
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Kirk WDJ, de Kogel WJ, Koschier EH, Teulon DAJ. Semiochemicals for Thrips and Their Use in Pest Management. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENTOMOLOGY 2021; 66:101-119. [PMID: 33417819 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ento-022020-081531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Thrips (Thysanoptera) are small insects that can cause huge problems in agriculture, horticulture, and forestry through feeding and the transmission of plant viruses. They produce a rich chemical diversity of pheromones and allomones and also respond to a broad range of semiochemicals from plants. These semiochemicals offer many opportunities to develop new approaches to pest management. Aggregation pheromones and plant-derived semiochemicals are already available in commercial products. We review these semiochemicals and consider how we can move away from using them mainly for monitoring to using them for control. We still know very little about the behavioral responses of thrips to semiochemicals, and we show that research in this area is needed to improve the use of semiochemicals in pest management. We also propose that thrips should be used as a model system for semiochemically mediated behaviors of small insects that have limited ability to fly upwind.
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Affiliation(s)
- William D J Kirk
- Centre for Applied Entomology and Parasitology, School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Newcastle-under-Lyme, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, United Kingdom;
| | | | - Elisabeth H Koschier
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1180 Vienna, Austria;
| | - David A J Teulon
- New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research, Ltd., Christchurch 8140, New Zealand;
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Agasicles hygrophila attack increases nerolidol synthase gene expression in Alternanthera philoxeroides, facilitating host finding. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16994. [PMID: 33046727 PMCID: PMC7552398 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73130-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Herbivorous insects use plant volatile compounds to find their host plants for feeding and egg deposition. The monophagous beetle Agasicles hygrophila uses a volatile (E)-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonanetriene (DMNT) to recognize its host plant Alternanthera philoxeroides. Alternanthera philoxeroides releases DMNT in response to A. hygrophila attack and nerolidol synthase (NES) is a key enzyme in DMNT biosynthesis; however, the effect of A. hygrophila on NES expression remains unclear. In this study, the A. philoxeroides transcriptome was sequenced and six putative NES genes belonging to the terpene synthase-g family were characterized. The expression of these NES genes was assayed at different times following A. hygrophila contact, feeding or mechanical wounding. Results showed that A. hygrophila contact and feeding induced NES expression more rapidly and more intensely than mechanical wounding alone. This may account for a large release of DMNT following A. hygrophila feeding in a previous study and subsequently facilitate A. hygrophila to find host plants. Our research provides a powerful genetic platform for studying invasive plants and lays the foundation for further elucidating the molecular mechanisms of the interaction between A. philoxeroides and its specialist A. hygrophila.
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Bao T, Shadrack K, Yang S, Xue X, Li S, Wang N, Wang Q, Wang L, Gao X, Cronk Q. Functional Characterization of Terpene Synthases Accounting for the Volatilized-Terpene Heterogeneity in Lathyrus odoratus Cultivar Flowers. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 61:1733-1749. [PMID: 32726442 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcaa100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Lathyrus odoratus (sweet pea) is an ornamental plant with exceptional floral scent, previously used as an experimental organism in the early development of Mendelian genetics. However, its terpene synthases (TPSs), which act as metabolic gatekeepers in the biosynthesis of volatile terpenoids, remain to be characterized. Auto-Headspace Solid-phase Microextraction/Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of floral volatile terpene constituents from seven sweet pea cultivars identified α-bergamotene, linalool, (-)-α-cubebene, geraniol, β-caryophyllene and β-sesquiphellandrene as the dominant compounds. RNA sequencing was performed to profile the transcriptome of L. odoratus flowers. Bioinformatic analysis identified eight TPS genes (acronymed as LoTPS) that were successfully cloned, heterologously expressed and functionally analyzed. LoTPS4 and LoTPS7, belonging to the TPS-b clade, biochemically catalyzed the formation of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes. LoTPS3 and LoTPS8, placed in the TPS-a clade, also generated monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes, while LoTPS12 belonging to the TPS-g clade showed linalool/nerolidol synthase activity. Notably, biochemical assays of the recombinant LoTPS proteins revealed their catalytic promiscuity, and the enzymatic products were basically consistent with major volatile compounds released from sweet pea flowers. The data from our study lay the foundation for the chemical ecology, molecular genetics and biotechnological improvement of sweet pea and other legumes (Fabaceae).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Bao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE and Institute of Genetics & Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Kimani Shadrack
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE and Institute of Genetics & Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
- Department of Biological and Physical Sciences, Karatina University, Karatina, Kenya
| | - Song Yang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE and Institute of Genetics & Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Xinxin Xue
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Shuying Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE and Institute of Genetics & Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE and Institute of Genetics & Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Qiuyue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE and Institute of Genetics & Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Li Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE and Institute of Genetics & Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE and Institute of Genetics & Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Quentin Cronk
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Papanastasiou SA, Ioannou CS, Papadopoulos NT. Oviposition-deterrent effect of linalool - a compound of citrus essential oils - on female Mediterranean fruit flies, Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae). PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2020; 76:3066-3077. [PMID: 32281245 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Linalool is a natural scent, found in essential oils (EOs) of several plants. It is widely used as a fragrant, also possessing toxic, oviposition-deterrent and repellent properties against many insect species. Ceratitis capitata (medfly) is one of the most notorious insect pests for international fresh fruit production. Despite the available information on the repellent effects of EOs on herbivorous insects, possible oviposition-deterrent effects of linalool against C. capitata remain unknown. OBJECTIVES AND RESULTS We tested whether different linalool concentrations, application methods on fruit hosts and time since application elicited oviposition-deterrence on medfly, from bitter oranges, apples and nectarines, under constant laboratory conditions. We also tested possible repellent properties of linalool on adult medflies in field conditions. Females drilled fewer oviposition stings and deposited fewer eggs per fruit in all linalool-treated hosts. Spraying and topical-droplet application were the most efficient methods on bitter oranges, although spraying was the least effective method in apples. Bitter oranges and nectarines that were offered to females immediately post-exposure to linalool received more oviposition stings and eggs than those offered 3 days post-exposure to linalool solutions. Conversely, apples tested 3 days following linalool application received significantly more oviposition stings and eggs than those tested immediately and 1 day post-exposure. More adults in total, and more females, were captured in traps located on untreated-control than on linalool-treated trees, especially in citrus hosts. CONCLUSION Linalool has a potential future use in environmentally friendly control strategies against C. capitata. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella A Papanastasiou
- Department of Agriculture, Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Volos, Greece
| | - Charalampos S Ioannou
- Department of Agriculture, Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Volos, Greece
| | - Nikos T Papadopoulos
- Department of Agriculture, Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Volos, Greece
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Metabolic Engineering of the Native Monoterpene Pathway in Spearmint for Production of Heterologous Monoterpenes Reveals Complex Metabolism and Pathway Interactions. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176164. [PMID: 32859057 PMCID: PMC7504178 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Spearmint produces and stores large amounts of monoterpenes, mainly limonene and carvone, in glandular trichomes and is the major natural source of these compounds. Towards producing heterologous monoterpenes in spearmint, we first reduced the flux into the native limonene pathway by knocking down the expression of limonene synthase (MsLS) by RNAi method. The MsLS RNAi lines exhibited a huge reduction in the synthesis of limonene and carvone. Detailed GC-MS and LC-MS analysis revealed that MsLS RNAi plants also showed an increase in sesquiterpene, phytosterols, fatty acids, flavonoids, and phenolic metabolites, suggesting an interaction between the MEP, MVA shikimate and fatty acid pathways in spearmint. Three different heterologous monoterpene synthases namely, linalool synthase and myrcene synthase from Picea abies and geraniol synthase from Cananga odorata were cloned and introduced independently into the MsLS RNAi mutant background. The expression of these heterologous terpene synthases resulted mainly in production of monoterpene derivatives. Of all the introduced monoterpenes geraniol showed the maximum number of derivatives. Our results provide new insights into MEP pathway interactions and regulation and reveals the existence of mechanisms for complex metabolism of monoterpenes in spearmint.
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Brzozowski LJ, Gardner J, Hoffmann MP, Kessler A, Agrawal AA, Mazourek M. Attack and aggregation of a major squash pest: Parsing the role of plant chemistry and beetle pheromones across spatial scales. J Appl Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren J. Brzozowski
- Section of Plant Breeding and Genetics School of Integrative Plant Science Cornell University Ithaca NY USA
| | | | | | - André Kessler
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Cornell University Ithaca NY USA
| | - Anurag A. Agrawal
- Department of Entomology Cornell University Ithaca NY USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Cornell University Ithaca NY USA
| | - Michael Mazourek
- Section of Plant Breeding and Genetics School of Integrative Plant Science Cornell University Ithaca NY USA
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Composition and Biosynthesis of Scent Compounds from Sterile Flowers of an Ornamental Plant Clematis florida cv. 'Kaiser'. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25071711. [PMID: 32276485 PMCID: PMC7180759 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25071711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Clematisflorida is a popular ornamental vine species known for diverse colors and shapes of its flowers but not for scent. Here we investigated the composition and biosynthesis of floral scent in ‘Kaiser’, a fragrant cultivar of C. florida that has sterile flowers. Volatile profiling revealed that flowers of ‘Kaiser’ emit more than 20 compounds, with monoterpenes being most abundant. Among the three floral organs, namely sepals, transformed-petals, and ovaries, ovaries had the highest rates of total volatile emission. To determine the molecular mechanism underlying floral scent biosynthesis in ‘Kaiser’, we sequenced a flower transcriptome and searched the transcriptome for terpene synthase genes (TPSs), which are key genes for terpene biosynthesis. Among the TPS genes identified, three were putative intact full-length genes and were designated CfTPS1, CfTPS2, and CfTPS3. Phylogenetic analysis placed CfTPS1, CfTPS2, and CfTPS3 to the TPS-g, TPS-b, and TPS-a subfamily, respectively. Through in vitro enzyme assays with Escherichia coli-expressed recombinant proteins, both CfTPS1 and CfTPS2 were demonstrated to catalyze the conversion of geranyl diphosphate to linalool, the most abundant constituent of C. florida floral scent. In addition, CfTPS1 and CfTPS2 produced the sesquiterpene nerolidol from (E,E)-farnesyl diphosphate. CfTPS3 showed sesquiterpene synthase activity and produced multiple products in vitro. All three CfTPS genes showed higher levels of expression in sepals than those in transformed-petals and ovaries. Our results show that despite being sterile, the flowers of ‘Kaiser’ have normal mechanisms for floral scent biosynthesis that make the flowers fragrant.
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He J, Fandino RA, Halitschke R, Luck K, Köllner TG, Murdock MH, Ray R, Gase K, Knaden M, Baldwin IT, Schuman MC. An unbiased approach elucidates variation in ( S)-(+)-linalool, a context-specific mediator of a tri-trophic interaction in wild tobacco. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:14651-14660. [PMID: 31262827 PMCID: PMC6642400 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1818585116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant volatile organic compounds (VOCs) mediate many interactions, and the function of common VOCs is especially likely to depend on ecological context. We used a genetic mapping population of wild tobacco, Nicotiana attenuata, originating from a cross of 2 natural accessions from Arizona and Utah, separated by the Grand Canyon, to dissect genetic variation controlling VOCs. Herbivory-induced leaf terpenoid emissions varied substantially, while green leaf volatile emissions were similar. In a field experiment, only emissions of linalool, a common VOC, correlated significantly with predation of the herbivore Manduca sexta by native predators. Using quantitative trait locus mapping and genome mining, we identified an (S)-(+)-linalool synthase (NaLIS). Genome resequencing, gene cloning, and activity assays revealed that the presence/absence of a 766-bp sequence in NaLIS underlies the variation of linalool emissions in 26 natural accessions. We manipulated linalool emissions and composition by ectopically expressing linalool synthases for both enantiomers, (S)-(+)- and (R)-(-)-linalool, reported to oppositely affect M. sexta oviposition, in the Arizona and Utah accessions. We used these lines to test ovipositing moths in increasingly complex environments. The enantiomers had opposite effects on oviposition preference, but the magnitude of the effect depended strongly both on plant genetic background, and complexity of the bioassay environment. Our study reveals that the emission of linalool, a common VOC, differs by orders-of-magnitude among geographically interspersed conspecific plants due to allelic variation in a linalool synthase, and that the response of a specialist herbivore to linalool depends on enantiomer, plant genotype, and environmental complexity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun He
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Richard A Fandino
- Department of Evolutionary Neuroethology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Rayko Halitschke
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Katrin Luck
- Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Tobias G Köllner
- Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Mark H Murdock
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany
- College of Life Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84606
| | - Rishav Ray
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Klaus Gase
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Markus Knaden
- Department of Evolutionary Neuroethology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Ian T Baldwin
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany;
| | - Meredith C Schuman
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany;
- Department of Geography, University of Zurich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
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Wu X, Xu S, Zhao P, Zhang X, Yao X, Sun Y, Fang R, Ye J. The Orthotospovirus nonstructural protein NSs suppresses plant MYC-regulated jasmonate signaling leading to enhanced vector attraction and performance. PLoS Pathog 2019; 15:e1007897. [PMID: 31206553 PMCID: PMC6598649 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pandemics of vector-borne human and plant diseases often depend on the behaviors
of their arthropod vectors. Arboviruses, including many bunyaviruses, manipulate
vector behavior to accelerate their own transmission to vertebrates, birds,
insects, and plants. However, the molecular mechanism underlying this
manipulation remains elusive. Here, we report that the non-structural protein
NSs of Tomato spotted wilt orthotospovirus, a prototype of the
Tospoviridae family and the
Orthotospovirus genus, is a key viral factor that
indirectly modifies vector preference and increases vector performance. NSs
suppresses the biosynthesis of plant volatile monoterpenes, which serve as
repellents of the vector western flower thrips (WFT, Frankliniella
occidentalis). NSs directly interacts with MYC2, the jasmonate (JA)
signaling master regulator and its two close homologs MYC3 and MYC4, to disable
JA-mediated activation of terpene synthase genes. The
dysfunction of the MYCs subsequently attenuates host defenses, increases the
attraction of thrips, and improves thrips fitness. Moreover, MYC2 associated
with NSs of Tomato zonate spot orthotospovirus, another Euro/Asian-type
orthotospovirus, suggesting that MYC2 is an evolutionarily conserved target of
Orthotospovirus species for suppression of terpene-based
resistance to promote vector performance. These findings elucidate the molecular
mechanism through which an orthotospovirus indirectly manipulates vector
behaviors and therefore facilitates pathogen transmission. Our results provide
insights into the molecular mechanisms by which Orthotospovirus
NSs counteracts plant immunity for pathogen transmission. Most bunyaviruses are transmitted by arthropod vectors, and some of them can
modify the behaviors of their arthropod vectors to increase transmission to
mammals, birds, and plants. NSs is a non-structural bunyavirus protein with
multiple functions that acts as an avirulence determinant and silencing
suppressor. In this study, we identified a new function of NSs as a conserved
manipulator of vector behavior via plant. NSs suppresses jasmonate-mediated
plant immunity against thrips by directly interacting with several homologs of
MYC transcription factors, the core regulators of the jasmonate-signaling
pathway. This hijacking by NSs enhances thrips preference and performance.
Therefore, our data support the hypothesis that MYC2 is a convergent target that
plant pathogens manipulate to promote their survival in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiujuan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing,
China
| | - Shuang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing,
China
| | - Pingzhi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangmei Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanwei Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Rongxiang Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing,
China
| | - Jian Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing,
China
- * E-mail:
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Zhong ZF, Zhou XJ, Lin JB, Liu XJ, Shao J, Zhong BL, Peng T. Effects of leaf colorness, pigment contents and allelochemicals on the orientation of the Asian citrus psyllid among four Rutaceae host plants. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:254. [PMID: 31195973 PMCID: PMC6567656 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-1818-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asian citrus psyllid (ACP) is the primary vector responsible for the transmission of the phloem-limited bacteria Candidatus Liberibacter spp., associated with huanglongbing (HLB), which causes great loss to the citrus industry. Although the roles of leaf color and volatile compounds in the orientation of ACP have been proven, the quantification of color and allelochemicals in the host plant are kept unclear, especially in wild citrus germplasms. RESULTS Chongyi wild mandarin significantly attracted more ACP than wild Hong Kong kumquat, 'Gannan zao' navel orange and orange jasmine did in the four-choice and olfactometer assays. The color parameters of the tender leaves from Chongyi wild mandarin and 'Gannan zao' were similar. The yellow color in both of them was less saturated than that of the other two plants species, but Chongyi wild mandarin had significant lower carotenoid content (P < 0.05). Notably metabolic profiling differences were observed among the healthy tender shoots from the four tested plants via UPLC-QQQ-MS and GC-MS analyses. Comparing with the other three plant species, 66 and 50 metabolites with significantly different contents in Chongyi wild mandarin were selected as UPLC-identified and GC-identified metabolites of interest (P < 0.05), respectively. Flavonoids accounted for a large group of secondary metabolites of interest, which may function as stimulants or repellents of ACP. Higher content of salicylic acid o-hexoside and lower content of (+)-jasmonic acid in Chongyi wild mandarin may lead to higher amount of methyl salicylate (an ACP attractant) and lower amount of trans-ocimene (an attractant to herbivores' natural enemies) as well as the suppression of JA-mediated wounding response. This kind of synergistic or antagonistic effect among the metabolites differentially accumulated in Chongyi wild mandarin made it a more attractive host plant to ACP. CONCLUSIONS Less saturated yellow color, high amount of attractants, low amount of repellents and insensitivity of JA-mediated wounding response are the four possible reasons why Chongyi wild mandarin attracted more ACP. This work may shed light on the olfactory and visual response of ACP to wild citrus germplasm hosts, and suggest the feasibility of developing ACP attractants or repellents patterned on potential metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zao-Fa Zhong
- National Navel Orange Engineering Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Juan Zhou
- National Navel Orange Engineering Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Jin-Bei Lin
- National Navel Orange Engineering Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Xin-Jun Liu
- National Navel Orange Engineering Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Jia Shao
- National Navel Orange Engineering Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Ba-Lian Zhong
- National Navel Orange Engineering Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Ting Peng
- National Navel Orange Engineering Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, China
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Gao F, Liu B, Li M, Gao X, Fang Q, Liu C, Ding H, Wang L, Gao X. Identification and characterization of terpene synthase genes accounting for volatile terpene emissions in flowers of Freesia x hybrida. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:4249-4265. [PMID: 29901784 PMCID: PMC6093421 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The development of flower scents was a crucial event in biological evolution, providing olfactory signals by which plants can attract pollinators. In this study, bioinformatics, metabolomics, and biochemical and molecular methodologies were integrated to investigate the candidate genes involved in the biosynthesis of volatile components in two cultivars of Freesia x hybrida, Red River® and Ambiance, which release different categories of compounds. We found that terpene synthase (TPS) genes were the pivotal genes determining spatiotemporal release of volatile compounds in both cultivars. Eight FhTPS genes were isolated and six were found to be functional: FhTPS1 was a single-product enzyme catalyzing the formation of linalool, whereas the other four FhTPS proteins were multi-product enzymes, among which FhTPS4, FhTPS6, and FhTPS7 could recognize geranyl diphosphate and farnesyl diphosphate simultaneously. The FhTPS enzymatic products closely matched the volatile terpenes emitted from flowers, and significant correlations were found between release of volatile terpenes and FhTPS gene expression. Graphical models based on these results are proposed that summarize the biosynthesis of Freesia floral volatile terpenes. The characterization of FhTPS genes paves the way to decipher their roles in the speciation and fitness of Freesia, and this knowledge could also be used to introduce or enhance scent in other plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengzhan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE and Institute of Genetics & Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Baofeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE and Institute of Genetics & Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Min Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE and Institute of Genetics & Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaoyan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE and Institute of Genetics & Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Qiang Fang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE and Institute of Genetics & Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE and Institute of Genetics & Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Hui Ding
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE and Institute of Genetics & Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Li Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE and Institute of Genetics & Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
- Correspondence: or
| | - Xiang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE and Institute of Genetics & Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
- Correspondence: or
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Hu H, Li J, Delatte T, Vervoort J, Gao L, Verstappen F, Xiong W, Gan J, Jongsma MA, Wang C. Modification of chrysanthemum odour and taste with chrysanthemol synthase induces strong dual resistance against cotton aphids. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2018; 16:1434-1445. [PMID: 29331089 PMCID: PMC6041446 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Aphids are pests of chrysanthemum that employ plant volatiles to select host plants and ingest cell contents to probe host quality before engaging in prolonged feeding and reproduction. Changes in volatile and nonvolatile metabolite profiles can disrupt aphid-plant interactions and provide new methods of pest control. Chrysanthemol synthase (CHS) from Tanacetum cinerariifolium represents the first committed step in the biosynthesis of pyrethrin ester insecticides, but no biological role for the chrysanthemol product alone has yet been documented. In this study, the TcCHS gene was over-expressed in Chrysanthemum morifolium and resulted in both the emission of volatile chrysanthemol (ca. 47 pmol/h/gFW) and accumulation of a chrysanthemol glycoside derivative, identified by NMR as chrysanthemyl-6-O-malonyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (ca. 1.1 mM), with no detrimental phenotypic effects. Dual-choice assays separately assaying these compounds in pure form and as part of the headspace and extract demonstrated independent bioactivity of both components against the cotton aphid (Aphis gossypii). Performance assays showed that the TcCHS plants significantly reduced aphid reproduction, consistent with disturbance of aphid probing activities on these plants as revealed by electropenetrogram (EPG) studies. In open-field trials, aphid population development was very strongly impaired demonstrating the robustness and high impact of the trait. The results suggest that expression of the TcCHS gene induces a dual defence system, with both repellence by chrysanthemol odour and deterrence by its nonvolatile glycoside, introducing a promising new option for engineering aphid control into plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Hu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant BiologyMOE Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
- BU BioscienceWageningen University and ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Jinjin Li
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant BiologyMOE Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Thierry Delatte
- Laboratory of Plant PhysiologyWageningen University and ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Jacques Vervoort
- Laboratory of BiochemistryWageningen University and ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Liping Gao
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant BiologyMOE Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
- BU BioscienceWageningen University and ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Francel Verstappen
- Laboratory of Plant PhysiologyWageningen University and ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Wei Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant BiologyMOE Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Jianping Gan
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center of Dabie MountainsHuanggang Normal UniversityHuanggangChina
| | - Maarten A. Jongsma
- BU BioscienceWageningen University and ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Caiyun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant BiologyMOE Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
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Steenbergen M, Abd-El-Haliem A, Bleeker P, Dicke M, Escobar-Bravo R, Cheng G, Haring MA, Kant MR, Kappers I, Klinkhamer PGL, Leiss KA, Legarrea S, Macel M, Mouden S, Pieterse CMJ, Sarde SJ, Schuurink RC, De Vos M, Van Wees SCM, Broekgaarden C. Thrips advisor: exploiting thrips-induced defences to combat pests on crops. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:1837-1848. [PMID: 29490080 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Plants have developed diverse defence mechanisms to ward off herbivorous pests. However, agriculture still faces estimated crop yield losses ranging from 25% to 40% annually. These losses arise not only because of direct feeding damage, but also because many pests serve as vectors of plant viruses. Herbivorous thrips (Thysanoptera) are important pests of vegetable and ornamental crops worldwide, and encompass virtually all general problems of pests: they are highly polyphagous, hard to control because of their complex lifestyle, and they are vectors of destructive viruses. Currently, control management of thrips mainly relies on the use of chemical pesticides. However, thrips rapidly develop resistance to these pesticides. With the rising demand for more sustainable, safer, and healthier food production systems, we urgently need to pinpoint the gaps in knowledge of plant defences against thrips to enable the future development of novel control methods. In this review, we summarize the current, rather scarce, knowledge of thrips-induced plant responses and the role of phytohormonal signalling and chemical defences in these responses. We describe concrete opportunities for breeding resistance against pests such as thrips as a prototype approach for next-generation resistance breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merel Steenbergen
- Plant-Microbe Interactions, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, , TB Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ahmed Abd-El-Haliem
- Department of Plant Physiology, University of Amsterdam, Science Park, XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Petra Bleeker
- Department of Plant Physiology, University of Amsterdam, Science Park, XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Enza Zaden BV, AA Enkhuizen, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel Dicke
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Rocio Escobar-Bravo
- Plant Sciences and Natural Products, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Gang Cheng
- Plant Sciences and Natural Products, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Michel A Haring
- Department of Plant Physiology, University of Amsterdam, Science Park, XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Merijn R Kant
- Molecular & Chemical Ecology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, GE Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Iris Kappers
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter G L Klinkhamer
- Plant Sciences and Natural Products, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Kirsten A Leiss
- Wageningen UR Greenhouse Horticulture, Bleiswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Saioa Legarrea
- Molecular & Chemical Ecology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, GE Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mirka Macel
- Molecular Interactions Ecology, Radboud University, NL Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Sanae Mouden
- Plant Sciences and Natural Products, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Corné M J Pieterse
- Plant-Microbe Interactions, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, , TB Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sandeep J Sarde
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Robert C Schuurink
- Department of Plant Physiology, University of Amsterdam, Science Park, XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Saskia C M Van Wees
- Plant-Microbe Interactions, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, , TB Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Colette Broekgaarden
- Plant-Microbe Interactions, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, , TB Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Zheng R, Liu C, Wang Y, Luo J, Zeng X, Ding H, Xiao W, Gan J, Wang C. Expression of MEP Pathway Genes and Non-volatile Sequestration Are Associated with Circadian Rhythm of Dominant Terpenoids Emission in Osmanthus fragrans Lour. Flowers. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1869. [PMID: 29163594 PMCID: PMC5670350 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Osmanthus fragrans Lour. is one of the top 10 traditional ornamental flowers in China famous for its unique fragrance. Preliminary study proved that the terpenoids including ionone, linalool, and ocimene and their derivatives are the dominant aroma-active compounds that contribute greatly to the scent bouquet. Pollination observation implies the emission of aromatic terpenoids may follow a circadian rhythm. In this study, we investigated the variation of volatile terpenoids and its potential regulators. The results showed that both volatile and non-volatile terpenoids presented circadian oscillation with high emission or accumulation during the day and low emission or accumulation during the night. The volatile terpenoids always increased to reach their maximum values at 12:00 h, while free and glycosylated compounds continued increasing throughout the day. The depletion of non-volatile pool might provide the substrates for volatile emission at 0:00-6:00, suggesting the sequestration of non-volatile compounds acted like a buffer regulating emission of terpenoids. Further detection of MEP pathway genes demonstrated that their expressions increased significantly in parallel with the evident increase of both volatile and non-volatile terpenoids during the day, indicating that the gene expressions were also closely associated with terpenoid formation. Thus, the expression of MEP pathway genes and internal sequestration both played crucial roles in modulating circadian rhythm of terpenoid emission in O. fragrans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riru Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Biology of Horticultural Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture in Central China, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, China
| | - Cai Liu
- Key Laboratory for Biology of Horticultural Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanli Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biology of Horticultural Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Luo
- Key Laboratory for Biology of Horticultural Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Economic Forest Germplasm Improvement and Resources Comprehensive Utilization, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for the Characteristic Resources Exploitation of Dabie Mountains, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang, China
| | - Xiangling Zeng
- Key Laboratory for Biology of Horticultural Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Haiqin Ding
- Key Laboratory for Biology of Horticultural Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Xiao
- Key Laboratory for Biology of Horticultural Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianping Gan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Economic Forest Germplasm Improvement and Resources Comprehensive Utilization, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for the Characteristic Resources Exploitation of Dabie Mountains, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang, China
| | - Caiyun Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biology of Horticultural Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture in Central China, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Economic Forest Germplasm Improvement and Resources Comprehensive Utilization, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for the Characteristic Resources Exploitation of Dabie Mountains, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang, China
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32
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Azadi P, Bagheri H, Nalousi AM, Nazari F, Chandler SF. Current status and biotechnological advances in genetic engineering of ornamental plants. Biotechnol Adv 2016; 34:1073-1090. [PMID: 27396521 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2016.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2016] [Revised: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Cut flower markets are developing in many countries as the international demand for cut flowers is rapidly growing. Developing new varieties with modified characteristics is an important aim in floriculture. Production of transgenic ornamental plants can shorten the time required in the conventional breeding of a cultivar. Biotechnology tools in combination with conventional breeding methods have been used by cut flower breeders to change flower color, plant architecture, post-harvest traits, and disease resistance. In this review, we describe advances in genetic engineering that have led to the development of new cut flower varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pejman Azadi
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran.
| | - Hedayat Bagheri
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture Science, Buali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Ayoub Molaahmad Nalousi
- Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture Science, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
| | - Farzad Nazari
- Department of Horticultural Science, College of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
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Arendt P, Pollier J, Callewaert N, Goossens A. Synthetic biology for production of natural and new-to-nature terpenoids in photosynthetic organisms. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 87:16-37. [PMID: 26867713 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Revised: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
With tens of thousands of characterized members, terpenoids constitute the largest class of natural compounds that are synthesized by all living organisms. Several terpenoids play primary roles in the maintenance of cell membrane fluidity, as pigments or as phytohormones, but most of them function as specialized metabolites that are involved in plant resistance to herbivores or plant-environment interactions. Terpenoids are an essential component of human nutrition, and many are economically important pharmaceuticals, aromatics and potential next-generation biofuels. Because of the often low abundance in their natural source, as well as the demand for novel terpenoid structures with new or improved bioactivities, terpenoid biosynthesis has become a prime target for metabolic engineering and synthetic biology projects. In this review we focus on the creation of new-to-nature or tailor-made plant-derived terpenoids in photosynthetic organisms, in particular by means of combinatorial biosynthesis and the activation of silent metabolism. We reflect on the characteristics of different potential photosynthetic host organisms and recent advances in synthetic biology and discuss their utility for the (heterologous) production of (novel) terpenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Arendt
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052, Gent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052, Gent, Belgium
- Laboratory for Protein Biochemistry and Biomolecular Engineering, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Medical Biotechnology Center, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jacob Pollier
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052, Gent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052, Gent, Belgium
| | - Nico Callewaert
- Laboratory for Protein Biochemistry and Biomolecular Engineering, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Medical Biotechnology Center, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Alain Goossens
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052, Gent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052, Gent, Belgium
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Ding L, Goerls H, Dornblut K, Lin W, Maier A, Fiebig HH, Hertweck C. Bacaryolanes A-C, Rare Bacterial Caryolanes from a Mangrove Endophyte. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2015; 78:2963-2967. [PMID: 26611524 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.5b00674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Caryolanes are known as typical plant-derived sesquiterpenes. Here we describe the isolation and full structure elucidation of three caryolanes, bacaryolane A-C (1-3), that are produced by a bacterial endophyte (Streptomyces sp. JMRC:ST027706) of the mangrove plant Bruguiera gymnorrhiza. By 2D NMR, analysis of the first X-ray crystallographic data of a caryolane (bacaryolane C), CD spectroscopy, and comparison with data for plant-derived caryolanes, we rigorously established the absolute configuration of the bacaryolanes and related compounds from bacteria. Bacterial caryolanes appear as the mirror images of typical plant caryolanes. Apparently plant and bacteria harbor stereodivergent biosynthetic pathways, which may be used as metabolic signatures. The discovery of plant-like volatile terpenes in endophytes not only is an important addition to the bacterial terpenome but may also point to complex molecular interactions in the plant-microbe association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Ding
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology-Hans Knöll Institute (HKI) , Beutenbergstraße 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Helmar Goerls
- Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University , Humboldtstraße 8, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Katharina Dornblut
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology-Hans Knöll Institute (HKI) , Beutenbergstraße 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Wenhan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University , Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Armin Maier
- Oncotest GmbH , Am Flughafen 12-14, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Christian Hertweck
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology-Hans Knöll Institute (HKI) , Beutenbergstraße 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Friedrich Schiller University , 07737 Jena, Germany
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Jandová K, Dostál P, Cajthaml T, Kameník Z. Intraspecific variability in allelopathy of Heracleum mantegazzianum is linked to the metabolic profile of root exudates. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2015; 115:821-31. [PMID: 25714817 PMCID: PMC4373284 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcu265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Revised: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Allelopathy may drive invasions of some exotic plants, although empirical evidence for this theory remains largely inconclusive. This could be related to the large intraspecific variability of chemically mediated plant-plant interactions, which is poorly studied. This study addressed intraspecific variability in allelopathy of Heracleum mantegazzianum (giant hogweed), an invasive species with a considerable negative impact on native communities and ecosystems. METHODS Bioassays were carried out to test the alleopathic effects of H. mantegazzianum root exudates on germination of Arabidopsis thaliana and Plantago lanceolata. Populations of H. mantegazzianum from the Czech Republic were sampled and variation in the phytotoxic effects of the exudates was partitioned between areas, populations within areas, and maternal lines. The composition of the root exudates was determined by metabolic profiling using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography with time-of-flight mass spectrometry, and the relationships between the metabolic profiles and the effects observed in the bioassays were tested using orthogonal partial least-squares analysis. KEY RESULTS Variance partitioning indicated that the highest variance in phytotoxic effects was within populations. The inhibition of germination observed in the bioassay for the co-occurring native species P. lanceolata could be predicted by the metabolic profiles of the root exudates of particular maternal lines. Fifteen compounds associated with this inhibition were tentatively identified. CONCLUSIONS The results present strong evidence that intraspecific variability needs to be considered in research on allelopathy, and suggest that metabolic profiling provides an efficient tool for studying chemically mediated plant-plant interactions whenever unknown metabolites are involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kateřina Jandová
- Faculty of Science, Institute for Environmental Studies, Charles University in Prague, Albertov 6, CZ-128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic, Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, CZ-252 43 Průhonice, Czech Republic and Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic Faculty of Science, Institute for Environmental Studies, Charles University in Prague, Albertov 6, CZ-128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic, Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, CZ-252 43 Průhonice, Czech Republic and Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Dostál
- Faculty of Science, Institute for Environmental Studies, Charles University in Prague, Albertov 6, CZ-128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic, Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, CZ-252 43 Průhonice, Czech Republic and Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Cajthaml
- Faculty of Science, Institute for Environmental Studies, Charles University in Prague, Albertov 6, CZ-128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic, Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, CZ-252 43 Průhonice, Czech Republic and Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic Faculty of Science, Institute for Environmental Studies, Charles University in Prague, Albertov 6, CZ-128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic, Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, CZ-252 43 Průhonice, Czech Republic and Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Zdeněk Kameník
- Faculty of Science, Institute for Environmental Studies, Charles University in Prague, Albertov 6, CZ-128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic, Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, CZ-252 43 Průhonice, Czech Republic and Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
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Wang H, Chen S, Jiang J, Zhang F, Chen F. Reference gene selection for cross-species and cross-ploidy level comparisons in Chrysanthemum spp. Sci Rep 2015; 5:8094. [PMID: 25627791 PMCID: PMC4308696 DOI: 10.1038/srep08094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The establishment of a (set of) stably expressed reference gene(s) is required to normalize transcription data. Polyploidy is very common in the plant kingdom, but it is not necessarily the case that a reference gene which works well at the diploid level will also work well at the polyploid level. Here, ten candidate reference genes are compared in the context of gene transcription in the genus Chrysanthemum. The robustness of some, but not all, of these was shown to be high across ploidy levels. MTP (metalloprotease) and ACTIN (actin) were the most stable in diploid and tetraploid C. nankingense, while PSAA (photosynthesis-related plastid gene representing photosystem I) and EF-1α (elongation factor-1α) were the most stable in tetraploid and hexaploid C. zawadskii.EF-1α and PGK (phosphoglycerate kinase) was the best combination for the complete set of four taxa. These results suggest that when making cross-species comparison of transcript abundance involving different ploidy levels, care needs to be taken in the selection of reference gene(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibin Wang
- 1] College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China [2] Jiangsu Province Engineering Lab for Modern Facility Agriculture Technology &Equipment, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Sumei Chen
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jiafu Jiang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Fei Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Fadi Chen
- 1] College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China [2] Jiangsu Province Engineering Lab for Modern Facility Agriculture Technology &Equipment, Nanjing 210095, China
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Shimada T, Endo T, Fujii H, Rodríguez A, Peña L, Omura M. Characterization of three linalool synthase genes from Citrus unshiu Marc. and analysis of linalool-mediated resistance against Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri and Penicilium italicum in citrus leaves and fruits. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2014; 229:154-166. [PMID: 25443842 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2014.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Revised: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Three cDNA clones from Satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marc.) were isolated and expressed in Escherichia coli. CuSTS3-1 and CuSTS3-2 encode linalool synthases and CuSTS4 encodes a nerolidol/linalool synthase. Transcripts of CuSTS3-1, CuSTS3-2 and CuSTS4 were abundant in young fruit at 60 days after flowering (DAF), flowers and leaves, respectively. Treatments with Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (XCC), the causal agent of citrus canker and Penicillium italicum (PI), the cause of post-harvest fruit decay, and wounding up-regulated CuSTS3-1 in fruit and mainly CuSTS4 in leaves. Linalool, citral, geraniol and citronellol showed strong antibacterial and antifungal activities against XCC and PI in vitro, while most other mono-and sesquiterpenes, including limonene and gamma-terpinene, did not. Linalool, used at levels similar to those present in resistant Ponkan mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco) leaves, was able to inhibit growth of XCC in vitro. Compared to other five citrus types, linalool accumulated at extraordinarily high levels in Ponkan mandarin leaves and was released at high amounts from their leaves, while it was hardly detectable in the most susceptible species, indicating that linalool biosynthesis and accumulation might be involved in plant defense against bacterial and fungal pathogens and be associated with field resistance to citrus canker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takehiko Shimada
- National Institute of Fruit Tree Science (NIFTS), National Agriculture and Bio-oriented Research Organization (NARO), Sizuoka, Shizuoka 424-0292, Japan.
| | - Tomoko Endo
- National Institute of Fruit Tree Science (NIFTS), National Agriculture and Bio-oriented Research Organization (NARO), Sizuoka, Shizuoka 424-0292, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Fujii
- National Institute of Fruit Tree Science (NIFTS), National Agriculture and Bio-oriented Research Organization (NARO), Sizuoka, Shizuoka 424-0292, Japan.
| | - Ana Rodríguez
- Fundecitrus, Av. Dr. Adhemar de Barros Pereira, 201, 14807-040 Vila Melhado, Araraquara, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP/CSIC-UPV), Ingeniero Fausto Elio, Valencia 46022, Spain.
| | - Leandro Peña
- Fundecitrus, Av. Dr. Adhemar de Barros Pereira, 201, 14807-040 Vila Melhado, Araraquara, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP/CSIC-UPV), Ingeniero Fausto Elio, Valencia 46022, Spain.
| | - Mitsuo Omura
- Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, Sizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan.
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