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Transgenic poplar trees overexpressing AtGolS2, a stress-responsive galactinol synthase gene derived from Arabidopsis thaliana, improved drought tolerance in a confined field. Transgenic Res 2022; 31:579-591. [PMID: 35997870 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-022-00321-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Drought is an abiotic stress that limits plant growth and productivity, and the development of trees with improved drought tolerance is expected to expand potential plantation areas and to promote sustainable development. Previously we reported that transgenic poplars (Populus tremula × P. tremuloides, T89) harboring the stress-responsive galactinol synthase gene, AtGolS2, derived from Arabidopsis thaliana were developed and showed improved drought stress tolerance in laboratory conditions. Herein we report a field trial evaluation of the AtGolS2-transgenic poplars. The rainfall-restricted treatments on the poplars started in late May 2020, 18 months after transplanting to the field, and were performed for 100 days. During these treatments, the leaf injury levels were observed by measuring photosynthetic quantum yields twice a week. Observed leaf injury levels varied in response to soil moisture fluctuation and showed a large difference between transgenic and non-transgenic poplars during the last month. Comparison of the leaf injury levels against three stress classes clustered by the machine learning approach revealed that the transgenic poplars exhibited significant alleviation of leaf injuries in the most severe stress class. The transgenes and transcript levels were stable in the transgenic poplars cultivated in the field conditions. These results indicated that the overexpression of AtGolS2 significantly improved the drought stress tolerance of transgenic poplars not only in the laboratory but also in the field. In future studies, molecular breeding using AtGolS2 will be an effective method for developing practical drought-tolerant forest trees.
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2
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Yin Y, Wang C, Xiao D, Liang Y, Wang Y. Advances and Perspectives of Transgenic Technology and Biotechnological Application in Forest Trees. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:786328. [PMID: 34917116 PMCID: PMC8669725 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.786328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Transgenic technology is increasingly used in forest-tree breeding to overcome the disadvantages of traditional breeding methods, such as a long breeding cycle, complex cultivation environment, and complicated procedures. By introducing exogenous DNA, genes tightly related or contributed to ideal traits-including insect, disease, and herbicide resistance-were transferred into diverse forest trees, and genetically modified (GM) trees including poplars were cultivated. It is beneficial to develop new varieties of GM trees of high quality and promote the genetic improvement of forests. However, the low transformation efficiency has hampered the cultivation of GM trees and the identification of the molecular genetic mechanism in forest trees compared to annual herbaceous plants such as Oryza sativa. In this study, we reviewed advances in transgenic technology of forest trees, including the principles, advantages and disadvantages of diverse genetic transformation methods, and their application for trait improvement. The review provides insight into the establishment and improvement of genetic transformation systems for forest tree species. Challenges and perspectives pertaining to the genetic transformation of forest trees are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyi Yin
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Chun Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Dandan Xiao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanting Liang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanwei Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
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3
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Goralogia GS, Howe GT, Brunner AM, Helliwell E, Nagle MF, Ma C, Lu H, Goddard AL, Magnuson AC, Klocko AL, Strauss SH. Overexpression of SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE-LIKE (SVL) in Populus delays onset and reduces abundance of flowering in field-grown trees. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2021; 8:167. [PMID: 34333535 PMCID: PMC8325693 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-021-00600-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The spread of transgenes and exotic germplasm from planted crops into wild or feral species is a difficult problem for public and regulatory acceptance of genetically engineered plants, particularly for wind-pollinated trees such as poplar. We report that overexpression of a poplar homolog of the floral repressor SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE-LIKE (SVL), a homolog of the Arabidopsis MADS-box repressor SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE (SVP), delayed the onset of flowering several years in three genotypes of field-grown transgenic poplars. Higher expression of SVL correlated with a delay in flowering onset and lower floral abundance, and did not cause morphologically obvious or statistically significant effects on leaf characteristics, tree form, or stem volume. Overexpression effects on reproductive and vegetative phenology in spring was modest and genotype-specific. Our results suggest that use of SVL and related floral repressors can be useful tools to enable a high level of containment for vegetatively propagated short-rotation woody energy or pulp crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greg S Goralogia
- Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Glenn T Howe
- Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Amy M Brunner
- Department of Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Emily Helliwell
- Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Michael F Nagle
- Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Cathleen Ma
- Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Haiwei Lu
- Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Amanda L Goddard
- Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Anna C Magnuson
- Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Amy L Klocko
- Department of Biology, University of Colorado Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, CO, USA
| | - Steven H Strauss
- Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA.
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4
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Miladinovic D, Antunes D, Yildirim K, Bakhsh A, Cvejić S, Kondić-Špika A, Marjanovic Jeromela A, Opsahl-Sorteberg HG, Zambounis A, Hilioti Z. Targeted plant improvement through genome editing: from laboratory to field. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2021; 40:935-951. [PMID: 33475781 PMCID: PMC8184711 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-020-02655-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
This review illustrates how far we have come since the emergence of GE technologies and how they could be applied to obtain superior and sustainable crop production. The main challenges of today's agriculture are maintaining and raising productivity, reducing its negative impact on the environment, and adapting to climate change. Efficient plant breeding can generate elite varieties that will rapidly replace obsolete ones and address ongoing challenges in an efficient and sustainable manner. Site-specific genome editing in plants is a rapidly evolving field with tangible results. The technology is equipped with a powerful toolbox of molecular scissors to cut DNA at a pre-determined site with different efficiencies for designing an approach that best suits the objectives of each plant breeding strategy. Genome editing (GE) not only revolutionizes plant biology, but provides the means to solve challenges related to plant architecture, food security, nutrient content, adaptation to the environment, resistance to diseases and production of plant-based materials. This review illustrates how far we have come since the emergence of these technologies and how these technologies could be applied to obtain superior, safe and sustainable crop production. Synergies of genome editing with other technological platforms that are gaining significance in plants lead to an exciting new, post-genomic era for plant research and production. In previous months, we have seen what global changes might arise from one new virus, reminding us of what drastic effects such events could have on food production. This demonstrates how important science, technology, and tools are to meet the current time and the future. Plant GE can make a real difference to future sustainable food production to the benefit of both mankind and our environment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kubilay Yildirim
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Sciences, Ondokuzmayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Allah Bakhsh
- Department of Agricultural Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technologies, Nigde Omer Halisdemir University, Nigde, Turkey
| | - Sandra Cvejić
- Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | | | | | | | - Antonios Zambounis
- Department of Deciduous Fruit Trees, Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, ELGO-DEMETER, Naoussa, Greece
| | - Zoe Hilioti
- Institute of Applied Biosciences, CERTH, Thessaloniki, Greece.
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5
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Tran NHT, Oguchi T, Matsunaga E, Kawaoka A, Watanabe KN, Kikuchi A. Evaluation of potential impacts on biodiversity of the salt-tolerant transgenic Eucalyptus camaldulensis harboring an RNA chaperonic RNA-Binding-Protein gene derived from common ice plant. Transgenic Res 2021; 30:23-34. [PMID: 33475916 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-020-00227-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
We recently reported that a genetic transformation of the RNA-Binding-Protein (McRBP), an RNA chaperone gene derived from common ice plant (Mesembryanthemum crystallinum), alleviated injury and loss of biomass production by salt stress in Eucalyptus camaldulensis in a semi-confined screen house trial. In this study, we assessed the potential environmental impact of the transgenic Eucalyptus in a manner complying with Japanese biosafety regulatory framework required for getting permission for experimental confined field trials. Two kinds of bioassays for the effects of allelopathic activity on the growth of other plants, i.e., the sandwich assay and the succeeding crop assay, were performed for three transgenic lines and three non-transgenic lines. No significant differences were observed between transgenic and non-transgenic plants. No significant difference in the numbers of cultivable microorganisms analyzed by the spread plate method were observed among the six transgenic and non-transgenic lines. These results suggested that there is no significant difference in the potential impact on biodiversity between the transgenic McRBP-E. camaldulensis lines and their non-transgenic comparators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngoc-Ha Thi Tran
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8752, Japan.,Institute of Tropical Biology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Taichi Oguchi
- Tsukuba Plant Innovation Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Gene Research Center Bldg., Ten-nodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan. .,Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8752, Japan.
| | - Etsuko Matsunaga
- Agri-Biotechnology Research Laboratory, Nippon Paper Industries Co., Ltd., 5-21-1 Oji, Kita Ward, Tokyo, 114-0002, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Kawaoka
- Agri-Biotechnology Research Laboratory, Nippon Paper Industries Co., Ltd., 5-21-1 Oji, Kita Ward, Tokyo, 114-0002, Japan
| | - Kazuo N Watanabe
- Tsukuba Plant Innovation Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Gene Research Center Bldg., Ten-nodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan.,Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8752, Japan
| | - Akira Kikuchi
- Tsukuba Plant Innovation Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Gene Research Center Bldg., Ten-nodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan.,Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8752, Japan
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6
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Safa M, O'Carroll D, Mansouri N, Robinson B, Curline G. Investigating arsenic impact of ACC treated timbers in compost production (A case study in Christchurch, New Zealand). ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 262:114218. [PMID: 32126437 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The arsenic concentration is an important issue in compost production. The main inputs of a compost factory, including kerbsides, green wastes, food industry wastes, and river weeds are investigated in this study. Also, this study investigated how treated timbers, ashes, and other contamination can impact arsenic concentration in compost production. The results showed that most treated timbers and all ashes of treated and untreated timbers contained significant amounts of arsenic. These results revealed that the presence of a small amount of treated timber ashes can significantly increase the arsenic concentration in composts. The results of the study show the arsenic concentration in compost increase during cold months, and it dropped during summer, which would be mostly because of high arsenic concentration in ashes of log burners. This study shows ashes of burning timbers can impact arsenic contamination mostly because of using Copper-Chrome-Arsenic wood preservatives (CCA). Also, the lab results show the arsenic level even in ashes of untreated timber is around 96 ppm. The ashes of H3, H4, and H5 treated timbers contain approximately 133,000, 155,000, and 179,000 ppm of arsenic, which one kg of them can increase arsenic concentration around 10 ppm in 13.3, 15.5 and 17.9 tons of dry compost products. The main problem is many people look at ashes and treated timber as organic materials; however, ashes of treated and untreated timbers contained high concentrations of arsenic. Therefore, it was necessary to warn people about the dangers of putting any ashes in organic waste bins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majeed Safa
- Department of Land Management and Systems, Lincoln University, New Zealand.
| | | | - Nazanin Mansouri
- Department of Land Management and Systems, Lincoln University, New Zealand
| | - Brett Robinson
- School of Physical & Chemical Sciences, University of Canterbury, New Zealand
| | - Greg Curline
- Department of Soil and Physical Sciences, Lincoln University, New Zealand
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7
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Raybould A. Hypothesis-Led Ecological Risk Assessment of GM Crops to Support Decision-Making About Product Use. GMOS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-53183-6_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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8
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Breed MF, Harrison PA, Blyth C, Byrne M, Gaget V, Gellie NJC, Groom SVC, Hodgson R, Mills JG, Prowse TAA, Steane DA, Mohr JJ. The potential of genomics for restoring ecosystems and biodiversity. Nat Rev Genet 2019; 20:615-628. [PMID: 31300751 DOI: 10.1038/s41576-019-0152-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Billions of hectares of natural ecosystems have been degraded through human actions. The global community has agreed on targets to halt and reverse these declines, and the restoration sector faces the important but arduous task of implementing programmes to meet these objectives. Existing and emerging genomics tools offer the potential to improve the odds of achieving these targets. These tools include population genomics that can improve seed sourcing, meta-omics that can improve assessment and monitoring of restoration outcomes, and genome editing that can generate novel genotypes for restoring challenging environments. We identify barriers to adopting these tools in a restoration context and emphasize that regulatory and ethical frameworks are required to guide their use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin F Breed
- School of Biological Sciences and the Environment Institute, University of Adelaide, North Terrace, South Australia, Australia.
| | - Peter A Harrison
- School of Natural Sciences, Australian Research Council Training Centre for Forest Value, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Colette Blyth
- School of Biological Sciences and the Environment Institute, University of Adelaide, North Terrace, South Australia, Australia
| | - Margaret Byrne
- Biodiversity and Conservation Science, Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Virginie Gaget
- School of Biological Sciences and the Environment Institute, University of Adelaide, North Terrace, South Australia, Australia
| | - Nicholas J C Gellie
- School of Biological Sciences and the Environment Institute, University of Adelaide, North Terrace, South Australia, Australia
| | - Scott V C Groom
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Urrbrae, South Australia, Australia
| | - Riley Hodgson
- School of Biological Sciences and the Environment Institute, University of Adelaide, North Terrace, South Australia, Australia
| | - Jacob G Mills
- School of Biological Sciences and the Environment Institute, University of Adelaide, North Terrace, South Australia, Australia
| | - Thomas A A Prowse
- School of Biological Sciences and the Environment Institute, University of Adelaide, North Terrace, South Australia, Australia.,School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Adelaide, North Terrace, South Australia, Australia
| | - Dorothy A Steane
- School of Natural Sciences, Australian Research Council Training Centre for Forest Value, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Jakki J Mohr
- College of Business, Institute on Ecosystems, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
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9
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Yevtushenko DP, Misra S. Enhancing disease resistance in poplar through modification of its natural defense pathway. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 100:481-494. [PMID: 31073810 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-019-00874-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Modification of the poplar defense pathway through pathogen-induced expression of an amphibian host defense peptide modulates plant innate immunity and confers robust and reliable resistance against a major poplar pathogen, Septoria musiva. Host defense peptides (HDPs), also known as cationic antimicrobial peptides, represent a diverse group of small membrane-active molecules that are part of the innate defense system of their hosts against pathogen invasion. Here we describe a strategy for development of poplar plants with enhanced HDP production and resistance to the commercially significant fungal pathogen Septoria musiva. The naturally occurring linear amphipathic α-helical HDP dermaseptin B1, which has 31 residues and originated from the skin secretion of arboreal frogs, was N-terminally modified (MsrA2) and evaluated in vitro for antifungal activity and phytotoxicity. The MsrA2 peptide inhibited germination of S. musiva conidia at physiologically relevant low micromolar concentrations that were non-toxic to poplar protoplasts. The nucleotide sequence of MsrA2, optimized for expression in plants, was introduced into the commercial hybrid poplar Populus nigra L. × P. maximowiczii A. Henry (NM6) via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Transgene expression was regulated by the pathogen-inducible poplar promoter win3.12T, a part of the poplar innate defense system. Most importantly, the induced accumulation of MsrA2 peptide in poplar leaves was sufficient to confer resistance against S. musiva. The antifungal resistance of plants with high MsrA2 expression and MsrA2 accumulation was strong and reproducible, and without deleterious effects on plant growth and development. These results provide an insight into development of new technologies for engineering durable disease resistance against major pathogens of poplar and other plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmytro P Yevtushenko
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, T1K 3M4, Canada.
| | - Santosh Misra
- Department of Biochemistry & Microbiology, Centre for Forest Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, V8W 3P6, Canada
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10
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Liu JJ, Xiang Y. Characterization of the western white pine TIR-NBS-LRR ( PmTNL2) gene by transcript profiling and promoter analysis. Genome 2019; 62:477-488. [PMID: 31132323 DOI: 10.1139/gen-2019-0035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Proteins with nucleotide-binding site (NBS) and leucine-rich repeats (LRRs) have been reported to play important roles in plant disease resistance, growth, and development. However, no comprehensive analysis of this protein family has been performed in conifers. Here we report that the Pinus monticola PmTNL2 gene is a member of the NBS-LRR superfamily. Quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis revealed that the PmTNL2 transcript was expressed in a tissue-specific pattern with extensive regulation by various environmental stimuli in western white pine seedlings, suggesting its wide involvement in stress defense and diverse developmental processes. In silico analysis of the PmTNL2 promoter region revealed multiple cis-regulatory elements characterized with potential functions for development-, light-, and stress-regulated transcript expression. Expression patterns were largely confirmed by PmTNL2 promoter-directed reporter gene expression using stable transgenic Arabidopsis plants. Notably, the PmTNL2 promoter activity was highly expressed in shoot apical and floral meristems and was induced strongly with vascular specificity by pathogen infection. Our data has provided a fundamental insight into both expression regulation and putative functions of the PmTNL2 gene in the context of plant growth and development, as well as in responses to environmental stressors. Promoter application as a potential tool for tree improvement was further discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Jun Liu
- a Canadian Forest Service, Natural Resources Canada, 506 West Burnside Road, Victoria, BC V8Z 1M5, Canada
| | - Yu Xiang
- b Summerland Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Summerland, BC V0H 1Z0, Canada
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11
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Tran NT, Oguchi T, Akatsuka N, Matsunaga E, Kawaoka A, Yamada A, Ozeki Y, Watanabe KN, Kikuchi A. Development and evaluation of novel salt-tolerant Eucalyptus trees by molecular breeding using an RNA-Binding-Protein gene derived from common ice plant (Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L.). PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2019; 17:801-811. [PMID: 30230168 PMCID: PMC6419579 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The breeding of plantation forestry trees for the possible afforestation of marginal land would be one approach to addressing global warming issues. Here, we developed novel transgenic Eucalyptus trees (Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh.) harbouring an RNA-Binding-Protein (McRBP) gene derived from a halophyte plant, common ice plant (Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L.). We conducted screened-house trials of the transgenic Eucalyptus using two different stringency salinity stress conditions to evaluate the plants' acute and chronic salt stress tolerances. Treatment with 400 mM NaCl, as the high-stringency salinity stress, resulted in soil electrical conductivity (EC) levels >20 mS/cm within 4 weeks. With the 400 mM NaCl treatment, >70% of the transgenic plants were intact, whereas >40% of the non-transgenic plants were withered. Treatment with 70 mM NaCl, as the moderate-stringency salinity stress, resulted in soil EC levels of approx. 9 mS/cm after 2 months, and these salinity levels were maintained for the next 4 months. All plants regardless of transgenic or non-transgenic status survived the 70 mM NaCl treatment, but after 6-month treatment the transgenic plants showed significantly higher growth and quantum yield of photosynthesis levels compared to the non-transgenic plants. In addition, the salt accumulation in the leaves of the transgenic plants was 30% lower than that of non-transgenic plants after 15-week moderate salt stress treatment. There results suggest that McRBP expression in the transgenic Eucalyptus enhances their salt tolerance both acutely and chronically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngoc‐Ha Thi Tran
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental SciencesUniversity of TsukubaTsukubaIbarakiJapan
| | - Taichi Oguchi
- Tsukuba Plant‐Innovation Research CenterUniversity of TsukubaTsukubaIbarakiJapan
- Faculty of Life and Environmental SciencesUniversity of TsukubaTsukubaIbarakiJapan
| | - Nobuhumi Akatsuka
- Department of BiotechnologyTokyo University of Agriculture and TechnologyTokyoJapan
| | - Etsuko Matsunaga
- Agri‐Biotechnology Research LaboratoryNippon Paper Industries Co., Ltd.TokyoJapan
| | - Akiyoshi Kawaoka
- Agri‐Biotechnology Research LaboratoryNippon Paper Industries Co., Ltd.TokyoJapan
| | - Akiyo Yamada
- Department of BiotechnologyTokyo University of Agriculture and TechnologyTokyoJapan
| | - Yoshihiro Ozeki
- Department of BiotechnologyTokyo University of Agriculture and TechnologyTokyoJapan
| | - Kazuo N. Watanabe
- Tsukuba Plant‐Innovation Research CenterUniversity of TsukubaTsukubaIbarakiJapan
- Faculty of Life and Environmental SciencesUniversity of TsukubaTsukubaIbarakiJapan
| | - Akira Kikuchi
- Tsukuba Plant‐Innovation Research CenterUniversity of TsukubaTsukubaIbarakiJapan
- Faculty of Life and Environmental SciencesUniversity of TsukubaTsukubaIbarakiJapan
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12
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Comparing forest governance models against invasive biological threats. J Theor Biol 2019; 462:270-282. [PMID: 30452957 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2018.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In order to take account of the negative effects of invasive species and pathogens on networked forest areas, we study the dynamics of stochastic closed-loop input-output systems faced with the risk of external random perturbations. The extension of previous works on robustness is carried out by introducing a negative feedback mechanism, such that the output from an element contained in the system behaves as a negative input toward elements to which it is connected. Through the study of an overall network divided into compartments barely connected to one another, we first consider the pathway pertaining to monofunctional zoning. By looking at a single aggregated structure, we then move our focus to the pathway proper to multifunctionality. Our results show that, at significant time scales, the monofunctional-zoning mode of forest governance, generally applied in Australasia, performs robustly against invasive biological threats at all levels of outbreak probability. The multifunctional mode of forest governance, further practiced in Western Europe, is mainly sturdy when the probability of invasion verges into certainty. Should this not be the case, robustness is ensured would disturbers and perturbations be uncorrelated. Accordingly, the monofunctional pathway can afford adopting control strategies for outbreak avoidance, which is only acceptable in case the expected invasion can be halted. For the sake of maintaining low likelihood of invasion, the multifunctional pathway is compelled to applying preventive strategies.
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Tran NHT, Oguchi T, Matsunaga E, Kawaoka A, Watanabe KN, Kikuchi A. Environmental risk assessment of impacts of transgenic Eucalyptus camaldulensis events highly expressing bacterial Choline Oxidase A gene. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY (TOKYO, JAPAN) 2018; 35:393-397. [PMID: 31892828 PMCID: PMC6905223 DOI: 10.5511/plantbiotechnology.18.0831a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Under the Japanese biosafety regulatory framework for transgenic plants, data for assessing a transgenic plant's impact on biodiversity must be submitted in order to obtain approval for a confined field trial. We recently reported the development of four novel transgenic Eucalyptus camaldulensis clones expressing the bacterial choline oxidase A (codA) gene, i.e., codAH-1, codAH-2, codAN-1, and codAN-2, and evaluated their abiotic tolerance by semiconfined screen house trial cultivation. Here we evaluated the impacts of the transgenic E. camaldulensis clones on productivities of harmful substances from those clones to affect soil microorganisms and/or other plants in the environment. A comparison of the assessment data between the transgenic trees and non-transgenic comparators showed no significant difference in potential impacts on biodiversity. The results contribute to sound-science evidence ensuring substantial equivalence between transgenic and non-transgenic E. camaldulensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngoc-Ha Thi Tran
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8752, Japan
| | - Taichi Oguchi
- Tsukuba Plant Innovation Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8752, Japan
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8752, Japan
| | - Etsuko Matsunaga
- Agri-Biotechnology Research Laboratory, Nippon Paper Industries Co., Ltd., 5-21-1 Oji, Kita-ku, Tokyo 114-0002, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Kawaoka
- Agri-Biotechnology Research Laboratory, Nippon Paper Industries Co., Ltd., 5-21-1 Oji, Kita-ku, Tokyo 114-0002, Japan
| | - Kazuo N. Watanabe
- Tsukuba Plant Innovation Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8752, Japan
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8752, Japan
| | - Akira Kikuchi
- Tsukuba Plant Innovation Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8752, Japan
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8752, Japan
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Spatially Differentiated Trends between Forest Pest-Induced Losses and Measures for Their Control in China. SUSTAINABILITY 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/su11010073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Historically, China has exhibited spatial differentiation in issues ranging from population distribution to ecological or economic development; forest pest-control work exemplifies this tendency. In recent times, global warming, man-made monoculture tree-plantations, increasing human population density, and intensified international trade aggravate forest pest outbreaks. Although the Chinese government has complied with internationally recommended practices, some aspects of pest management remain unaddressed due to existing differential regional imbalance in forest pest distribution and control capacities. Evidence shows that the high-income provinces in the south have taken advantage of economic and technological superiority, resulting in the adoption of more efficient pest-control measures. In contrast, the economically underdeveloped provinces of the northwest continue to experience a paucity of financial support that has led to serious threats of pest damage that almost mirror the demarcations of the Hu Huanyong Line. In this paper, we propose the introduction of a Public–Private–Partnership (PPP) model into forest pest control and the combination of the national strategies to enact regional prevention measures to break away from current spatially differentiated trends in China.
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Wang G, Dong Y, Liu X, Yao G, Yu X, Yang M. The Current Status and Development of Insect-Resistant Genetically Engineered Poplar in China. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1408. [PMID: 30298085 PMCID: PMC6160562 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Poplar is one of the main afforestation tree species in China, and the use of a single, or only a few, clones with low genetic diversity in poplar plantations has led to increasing problems with insect pests. The use of genetic engineering to cultivate insect-resistant poplar varieties has become a hot topic. Over the past 20 years, there have been remarkable achievements in this area. To date, nearly 22 insect-resistant poplar varieties have been created and approved for small-scale field testing, environmental release, or pilot-scale production. Here, we comprehensively review the development of insect-resistant genetically modified (GM) poplars in China. This review mostly addresses issues surrounding the regulation and commercialization of Bt poplar in China, the various insecticidal genes used, the effects of transgenic poplars on insects, toxic protein expression, multigene transformation, the stability of insect resistance, and biosafety. The efficacy of GM poplars for pest control differed among different transgenic poplar clones, larval instars, and insect species. The Bt protein analysis revealed that the expression level of Cry3A was significantly higher than that of Cry1Ac. Temporal and spatial studies of Bt protein showed that its expression varied with the developmental stage and tissue. The inheritance and expression of the exogenous gene were reviewed in transgenic hybrid poplar progeny lines and grafted sections. Biosafety issues, in terms of transgene stability and the effects on soil microorganisms, natural enemies of insects, and arthropod communities are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiying Wang
- Institute of Forest Biotechnology, Forestry College, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, China
- Langfang Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Langfang, China
| | - Yan Dong
- Institute of Forest Biotechnology, Forestry College, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory for Tree Genetic Resources and Forest Protection, Baoding, China
| | - Xiaojie Liu
- Langfang Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Langfang, China
| | - Guosheng Yao
- Langfang Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Langfang, China
| | - Xiaoyue Yu
- Institute of Forest Biotechnology, Forestry College, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory for Tree Genetic Resources and Forest Protection, Baoding, China
| | - Minsheng Yang
- Institute of Forest Biotechnology, Forestry College, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory for Tree Genetic Resources and Forest Protection, Baoding, China
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Fernandez i Marti A, Dodd RS. Using CRISPR as a Gene Editing Tool for Validating Adaptive Gene Function in Tree Landscape Genomics. Front Ecol Evol 2018. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2018.00076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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17
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Identification of highly effective target genes for RNAi-mediated control of emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5020. [PMID: 29568083 PMCID: PMC5864839 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-23216-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent study has shown that RNA interference (RNAi) is efficient in emerald ash borer (EAB), Agrilus planipennis, and that ingestion of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) targeting specific genes causes gene silencing and mortality in neonates. Here, we report on the identification of highly effective target genes for RNAi-mediated control of EAB. We screened 13 candidate genes in neonate larvae and selected the most effective target genes for further investigation, including their effect on EAB adults and on a non-target organism, Tribolium castaneum. The two most efficient target genes selected, hsp (heat shock 70-kDa protein cognate 3) and shi (shibire), caused up to 90% mortality of larvae and adults. In EAB eggs, larvae, and adults, the hsp is expressed at higher levels when compared to that of shi. Ingestion of dsHSP and dsSHI caused mortality in both neonate larvae and adults. Administration of a mixture of both dsRNAs worked better than either dsRNA by itself. In contrast, injection of EAB.dsHSP and EAB.dsSHI did not cause mortality in T. castaneum. Thus, the two genes identified cause high mortality in the EAB with no apparent phenotype effects in a non-target organism, the red flour beetle, and could be used in RNAi-mediated control of this invasive pest.
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18
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Biotechnology for bioenergy dedicated trees: meeting future energy demands. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 73:15-32. [DOI: 10.1515/znc-2016-0185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
With the increase in human demands for energy, purpose-grown woody crops could be part of the global renewable energy solution, especially in geographical regions where plantation forestry is feasible and economically important. In addition, efficient utilization of woody feedstocks would engage in mitigating greenhouse gas emissions, decreasing the challenge of food and energy security, and resolving the conflict between land use for food or biofuel production. This review compiles existing knowledge on biotechnological and genomics-aided improvements of biomass performance of purpose-grown poplar, willow, eucalyptus and pine species, and their relative hybrids, for efficient and sustainable bioenergy applications. This includes advancements in tree in vitro regeneration, and stable expression or modification of selected genes encoding desirable traits, which enhanced growth and yield, wood properties, site adaptability, and biotic and abiotic stress tolerance. Genetic modifications used to alter lignin/cellulose/hemicelluloses ratio and lignin composition, towards effective lignocellulosic feedstock conversion into cellulosic ethanol, are also examined. Biotech-trees still need to pass challengeable regulatory authorities’ processes, including biosafety and risk assessment analyses prior to their commercialization release. Hence, strategies developed to contain transgenes, or to mitigate potential transgene flow risks, are discussed.
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Strauss SH, Jones KN, Lu H, Petit JD, Klocko AL, Betts MG, Brosi BJ, Fletcher RJ, Needham MD. Reproductive modification in forest plantations: impacts on biodiversity and society. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2017; 213:1000-1021. [PMID: 28079940 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
1000 I. 1000 II. 1001 III. 1014 IV. 1015 V. 1016 1016 References 1016 SUMMARY: Genetic engineering (GE) can be used to improve forest plantation productivity and tolerance of biotic and abiotic stresses. However, gene flow from GE forest plantations is a large source of ecological, social and legal controversy. The use of genetic technologies to mitigate or prevent gene flow has been discussed widely and should be technically feasible in a variety of plantation taxa. However, potential ecological effects of such modifications, and their social acceptability, are not well understood. Focusing on Eucalyptus, Pinus, Populus and Pseudotsuga - genera that represent diverse modes of pollination and seed dispersal - we conducted in-depth reviews of ecological processes associated with reproductive tissues. We also explored potential impacts of various forms of reproductive modification at stand and landscape levels, and means for mitigating impacts. We found little research on potential reactions by the public and other stakeholders to reproductive modification in forest plantations. However, there is considerable research on related areas that suggest key dimensions of concern and support. We provide detailed suggestions for research to understand the biological and social dimensions of containment technologies, and consider the role of regulatory and market restrictions that obstruct necessary ecological and genetic research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven H Strauss
- Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Kristin N Jones
- Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Haiwei Lu
- Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Joshua D Petit
- Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Amy L Klocko
- Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Matthew G Betts
- Forest Biodiversity Research Network, Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Berry J Brosi
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Robert J Fletcher
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Mark D Needham
- Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
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Hu J, Zhang J, Chen X, Lv J, Jia H, Zhao S, Lu M. An Empirical Assessment of Transgene Flow from a Bt Transgenic Poplar Plantation. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170201. [PMID: 28085955 PMCID: PMC5234794 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
To assess the possible impact of transgenic poplar plantations on the ecosystem, we analyzed the frequency and distance of gene flow from a mature male transgenic Populus nigra plantation carrying the Bacillus thuringiensis toxin gene (Bt poplar) and the survival of Bt poplar seeds. The resultant Bt poplar seeds occurred at a frequency of ~0.15% at 0 m to ~0.02% at 500 m from the Bt poplar plantation. The germination of Bt poplar seeds diminished within three weeks in the field (germination rate from 68% to 0%) compared to 48% after three weeks of storage at 4°C. The survival rate of seedlings in the field was 0% without any treatment but increased to 1.7% under the addition of four treatments (cleaning and trimming, watering, weeding, and covering with plastic film to maintain moisture) after being seeded in the field for eight weeks. The results of this study indicate that gene flow originating from the Bt poplar plantation occurred at an extremely low level through pollen or seeds under natural conditions. This study provides first-hand field data on the extent of transgene flow in poplar plantations and offers guidance for the risk assessment of transgenic poplar plantations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjun Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | | | - Jinhui Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Huixia Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shutang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mengzhu Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
- * E-mail:
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Rinaldi R, Jastrzebski R, Clough MT, Ralph J, Kennema M, Bruijnincx PCA, Weckhuysen BM. Paving the Way for Lignin Valorisation: Recent Advances in Bioengineering, Biorefining and Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:8164-215. [PMID: 27311348 PMCID: PMC6680216 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201510351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 790] [Impact Index Per Article: 98.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2015] [Revised: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Lignin is an abundant biopolymer with a high carbon content and high aromaticity. Despite its potential as a raw material for the fuel and chemical industries, lignin remains the most poorly utilised of the lignocellulosic biopolymers. Effective valorisation of lignin requires careful fine-tuning of multiple "upstream" (i.e., lignin bioengineering, lignin isolation and "early-stage catalytic conversion of lignin") and "downstream" (i.e., lignin depolymerisation and upgrading) process stages, demanding input and understanding from a broad array of scientific disciplines. This review provides a "beginning-to-end" analysis of the recent advances reported in lignin valorisation. Particular emphasis is placed on the improved understanding of lignin's biosynthesis and structure, differences in structure and chemical bonding between native and technical lignins, emerging catalytic valorisation strategies, and the relationships between lignin structure and catalyst performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Rinaldi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
| | - Robin Jastrzebski
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584, CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Matthew T Clough
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - John Ralph
- Department of Energy's Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, the Wisconsin Energy Institute, and Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53726, USA.
| | - Marco Kennema
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Pieter C A Bruijnincx
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584, CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Bert M Weckhuysen
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584, CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Khan MS, Khan MA, Ahmad D. Assessing Utilization and Environmental Risks of Important Genes in Plant Abiotic Stress Tolerance. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:792. [PMID: 27446095 PMCID: PMC4919908 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Transgenic plants with improved salt and drought stress tolerance have been developed with a large number of abiotic stress-related genes. Among these, the most extensively used genes are the glycine betaine biosynthetic codA, the DREB transcription factors, and vacuolar membrane Na(+)/H(+) antiporters. The use of codA, DREBs, and Na(+)/H(+) antiporters in transgenic plants has conferred stress tolerance and improved plant phenotype. However, the future deployment and commercialization of these plants depend on their safety to the environment. Addressing environmental risk assessment is challenging since mechanisms governing abiotic stress tolerance are much more complex than that of insect resistance and herbicide tolerance traits, which have been considered to date. Therefore, questions arise, whether abiotic stress tolerance genes need additional considerations and new measurements in risk assessment and, whether these genes would have effects on weediness and invasiveness potential of transgenic plants? While considering these concerns, the environmental risk assessment of abiotic stress tolerance genes would need to focus on the magnitude of stress tolerance, plant phenotype and characteristics of the potential receiving environment. In the present review, we discuss environmental concerns and likelihood of concerns associated with the use of abiotic stress tolerance genes. Based on our analysis, we conclude that the uses of these genes in domesticated crop plants are safe for the environment. Risk assessment, however, should be carefully conducted on biofeedstocks and perennial plants taking into account plant phenotype and the potential receiving environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad S. Khan
- Faculty of Crop Production Sciences, Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, The University of Agriculture, PeshawarPakistan
| | - Muhammad A. Khan
- Research School of Biology, ANU College of Medicine, Biology and Environment, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACTAustralia
| | - Dawood Ahmad
- Faculty of Crop Production Sciences, Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, The University of Agriculture, PeshawarPakistan
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Brundu G, Richardson DM. Planted forests and invasive alien trees in Europe: A Code for managing existing and future plantings to mitigate the risk of negative impacts from invasions. NEOBIOTA 2016. [DOI: 10.3897/neobiota.30.7015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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25
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Rinaldi R, Jastrzebski R, Clough MT, Ralph J, Kennema M, Bruijnincx PCA, Weckhuysen BM. Wege zur Verwertung von Lignin: Fortschritte in der Biotechnik, der Bioraffination und der Katalyse. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201510351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Rinaldi
- Department of Chemical Engineering Imperial College London South Kensington Campus London SW7 2AZ Großbritannien
| | - Robin Jastrzebski
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science Utrecht University Universiteitsweg 99 3584 CG Utrecht Niederlande
| | - Matthew T. Clough
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Deutschland
| | - John Ralph
- Department of Energy's Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Wisconsin Energy Institute, and Department of Biochemistry University of Wisconsin Madison WI 53726 USA
| | - Marco Kennema
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Deutschland
| | - Pieter C. A. Bruijnincx
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science Utrecht University Universiteitsweg 99 3584 CG Utrecht Niederlande
| | - Bert M. Weckhuysen
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science Utrecht University Universiteitsweg 99 3584 CG Utrecht Niederlande
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Kazana V, Tsourgiannis L, Iakovoglou V, Stamatiou C, Alexandrov A, Araújo S, Bogdan S, Božič G, Brus R, Bossinger G, Boutsimea A, Ćelepirović N, Cvrčková H, Fladung M, Ivanković M, Kazaklis A, Koutsona P, Luthar Z, Máchová P, Malá J, Mara K, Mataruga M, Moravcikova J, Paffetti D, Paiva JAP, Raptis D, Sanchez C, Sharry S, Salaj T, Šijačić-Nikolić M, Tel-Zur N, Tsvetkov I, Vettori C, Vidal N. Public Knowledge and Perceptions of Safety Issues Towards the Use of Genetically Modified Forest Trees: A Cross-Country Pilot Survey. BIOSAFETY OF FOREST TRANSGENIC TREES 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-7531-1_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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27
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Lessons from 25 Years of GM Tree Field Trials in Europe and Prospects for the Future. BIOSAFETY OF FOREST TRANSGENIC TREES 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-7531-1_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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28
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Genetic Engineering Contribution to Forest Tree Breeding Efforts. BIOSAFETY OF FOREST TRANSGENIC TREES 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-7531-1_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Borland AM, Wullschleger SD, Weston DJ, Hartwell J, Tuskan GA, Yang X, Cushman JC. Climate-resilient agroforestry: physiological responses to climate change and engineering of crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) as a mitigation strategy. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2015; 38:1833-49. [PMID: 25366937 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Revised: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Global climate change threatens the sustainability of agriculture and agroforestry worldwide through increased heat, drought, surface evaporation and associated soil drying. Exposure of crops and forests to warmer and drier environments will increase leaf:air water vapour-pressure deficits (VPD), and will result in increased drought susceptibility and reduced productivity, not only in arid regions but also in tropical regions with seasonal dry periods. Fast-growing, short-rotation forestry (SRF) bioenergy crops such as poplar (Populus spp.) and willow (Salix spp.) are particularly susceptible to hydraulic failure following drought stress due to their isohydric nature and relatively high stomatal conductance. One approach to sustaining plant productivity is to improve water-use efficiency (WUE) by engineering crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) into C3 crops. CAM improves WUE by shifting stomatal opening and primary CO2 uptake and fixation to the night-time when leaf:air VPD is low. CAM members of the tree genus Clusia exemplify the compatibility of CAM performance within tree species and highlight CAM as a mechanism to conserve water and maintain carbon uptake during drought conditions. The introduction of bioengineered CAM into SRF bioenergy trees is a potentially viable path to sustaining agroforestry production systems in the face of a globally changing climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne M Borland
- School of Biology, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
- Biosciences Division, Bioenergy Science Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831-6407, USA
| | - Stan D Wullschleger
- Climate Change Science Institute, Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831-6301, USA
| | - David J Weston
- Biosciences Division, Bioenergy Science Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831-6407, USA
| | - James Hartwell
- Department of Plant Sciences, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Gerald A Tuskan
- Biosciences Division, Bioenergy Science Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831-6407, USA
| | - Xiaohan Yang
- Biosciences Division, Bioenergy Science Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831-6407, USA
| | - John C Cushman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, MS330, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, 89557-0330, USA
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Hjältén J, Axelsson EP. GM trees with increased resistance to herbivores: trait efficiency and their potential to promote tree growth. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:279. [PMID: 25983736 PMCID: PMC4416443 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Climate change, as well as a more intensive forestry, is expected to increase the risk of damage by pests and pathogens on trees, which can already be a severe problem in tree plantations. Recent development of biotechnology theoretically allows for resistance enhancement that could help reduce these risks but we still lack a comprehensive understanding of benefits and tradeoffs with pest resistant GM (genetically modified) trees. We synthesized the current knowledge on the effectiveness of GM forest trees with increased resistance to herbivores. There is ample evidence that induction of exogenous Bacillus thuringiensis genes reduce performance of target pests whereas upregulation of endogenous resistance traits e.g., phenolics, generates variable results. Our review identified very few studies estimating the realized benefits in tree growth of GM trees in the field. This is concerning as the realized benefit with insect resistant GM plants seems to be context-dependent and likely manifested only if herbivore pressure is sufficiently high. Future studies of secondary pest species and resistance evolution in pest to GM trees should be prioritized. But most importantly we need more long-term field tests to evaluate the benefits and risks with pest resistant GM trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joakim Hjältén
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural SciencesUmeå, Sweden
- *Correspondence: Joakim Hjältén, Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Skogsmarksgränd 2, Umeå SE-90183, Sweden
| | - E. Petter Axelsson
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural SciencesUmeå, Sweden
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A multi-year assessment of the environmental impact of transgenic Eucalyptus trees harboring a bacterial choline oxidase gene on biomass, precinct vegetation and the microbial community. Transgenic Res 2014; 23:767-77. [PMID: 24927812 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-014-9809-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Accepted: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A 4-year field trial for the salt tolerant Eucalyptus globulus Labill. harboring the choline oxidase (codA) gene derived from the halobacterium Arthrobacter globiformis was conducted to assess the impact of transgenic versus non-transgenic trees on biomass production, the adjacent soil microbial communities and vegetation by monitoring growth parameters, seasonal changes in soil microbes and the allelopathic activity of leaves. Three independently-derived lines of transgenic E. globulus were compared with three independent non-transgenic lines including two elite clones. No significant differences in biomass production were detected between transgenic lines and non-transgenic controls derived from same seed bulk, while differences were seen compared to two elite clones. Significant differences in the number of soil microbes present were also detected at different sampling times but not between transgenic and non-transgenic lines. The allelopathic activity of leaves from both transgenic and non-transgenic lines also varied significantly with sampling time, but the allelopathic activity of leaves from transgenic lines did not differ significantly from those from non-transgenic lines. These results indicate that, for the observed variables, the impact on the environment of codA-transgenic E. globulus did not differ significantly from that of the non-transformed controls on this field trial.
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Devos Y, Aguilera J, Diveki Z, Gomes A, Liu Y, Paoletti C, du Jardin P, Herman L, Perry JN, Waigmann E. EFSA's scientific activities and achievements on the risk assessment of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) during its first decade of existence: looking back and ahead. Transgenic Res 2013; 23:1-25. [PMID: 23963741 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-013-9741-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2013] [Accepted: 08/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) and derived food and feed products are subject to a risk analysis and regulatory approval before they can enter the market in the European Union (EU). In this risk analysis process, the role of the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), which was created in 2002 in response to multiple food crises, is to independently assess and provide scientific advice to risk managers on any possible risks that the use of GMOs may pose to human and animal health and the environment. EFSA's scientific advice is elaborated by its GMO Panel with the scientific support of several working groups and EFSA's GMO Unit. This review presents EFSA's scientific activities and highlights its achievements on the risk assessment of GMOs for the first 10 years of its existence. Since 2002, EFSA has issued 69 scientific opinions on genetically modified (GM) plant market registration applications, of which 62 for import and processing for food and feed uses, six for cultivation and one for the use of pollen (as or in food), and 19 scientific opinions on applications for marketing products made with GM microorganisms. Several guidelines for the risk assessment of GM plants, GM microorganisms and GM animals, as well as on specific issues such as post-market environmental monitoring (PMEM) were elaborated. EFSA also provided scientific advice upon request of the European Commission on safeguard clause and emergency measures invoked by EU Member States, annual PMEM reports, the potential risks of new biotechnology-based plant breeding techniques, evaluations of previously assessed GMOs in the light of new scientific publications, and the use of antibiotic resistance marker genes in GM plants. Future challenges relevant to the risk assessment of GMOs are discussed. EFSA's risk assessments of GMO applications ensure that data are analysed and presented in a way that facilitates scientifically sound decisions that protect human and animal health and the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yann Devos
- GMO Unit, European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), Via Carlo Magno 1, 43126, Parma, Italy,
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