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Han J, Zhang J, Hu L, Wang C, Wang S, Miao G. Chloroplast display of subunit vaccines and their efficacy via oral administration. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 258:129125. [PMID: 38163512 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.129125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
As a safe and natural "capsule," plants have several advantages over mammals and microorganisms for the production of oral vaccines. In this study, we innovatively utilized the transmembrane region of the pea Translocase of chloroplast 34 (TOC34) protein to display two subunit vaccines, capsid protein VP2 of Porcine parvovirus (PPV) and the heat-labile enterotoxin B (LTB) of Escherichia coli, on the surface of chloroplasts. Unlike microbial display techniques, chloroplast display circumvents antigen degradation in the stomach while retaining the size characteristic of microorganisms. Additionally, a co-expressed peptide adjuvant, antimicrobial peptide protegin-1 (PG1), was used to enhance the strength of oral immunization. Immunohistochemistry and trypsin digestion of chloroplast surface proteins confirmed the successful localization of both antigens on the chloroplast surface. In stable transgenic tobacco plants, the expression level of VP2-TOC34 ranged from 0.21 to 6.83 μg/g FW, while LTB-TOC34 ranged from 2.42 to 10.04 μg/g FW. By contrasting the digestive characteristics of plant materials with different particle sizes, it was observed that plant materials with diameters around 1 mm exhibited more prominent advantages in terms of chloroplast release and antigen exposure compared to both larger and smaller particles. Oral immunization resulted in significantly increased levels of specific IgG and secretory IgA in the mice compared to the control, with similar effects observed between the groups receiving oral immunization alone and those receiving a combination of initial injection and subsequent oral immunization. Challenge experiments further demonstrated the effective protection against infection in mice using this approach. These findings highlight the potential of chloroplast display technology for the development of effective oral vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Han
- Department of Bioengineering, Huainan Normal University, Huainan, Anhui Province 232038, China
| | - Jifeng Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering, Huainan Normal University, Huainan, Anhui Province 232038, China; Institute of Digital Ecology and Health, Huainan Normal University, Huainan, Anhui Province 232038, China
| | - Luya Hu
- Department of Bioengineering, Huainan Normal University, Huainan, Anhui Province 232038, China
| | - Chengrun Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, Huainan Normal University, Huainan, Anhui Province 232038, China; Key Laboratory of Bioresource and Environmental Biotechnology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Huainan Normal University, Huainan, Anhui Province 232038, China
| | - Shunchang Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, Huainan Normal University, Huainan, Anhui Province 232038, China; Key Laboratory of Bioresource and Environmental Biotechnology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Huainan Normal University, Huainan, Anhui Province 232038, China
| | - Guopeng Miao
- Department of Bioengineering, Huainan Normal University, Huainan, Anhui Province 232038, China; Key Laboratory of Bioresource and Environmental Biotechnology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Huainan Normal University, Huainan, Anhui Province 232038, China.
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Meng JX, Hu QM, Zhang LM, Li N, He YW, Yang ZX, Sun Y, Wang JL. Isolation and Genetic Evolution of Dengue Virus from the 2019 Outbreak in Xishuangbanna, Yunnan Province, China. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2023. [PMID: 37184906 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2022.0091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Dengue virus (DENV) can be divided into four serotypes-DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3, and DENV-4. In humans, infection leads to dengue fever (DF), dengue hemorrhagic fever, and dengue shock syndrome, both widely prevalent in tropical and subtropical regions. In 2019, a severe outbreak of DF occurred in Xishuangbanna, Yunnan province. Objective: To investigate the etiology and genotype of the causative agents of this severe dengue outbreak in Xishuangbanna. Methods: Between October and November 2019, the sera of patients clinically diagnosed with DF were collected in the first People's Hospital of Xishuangbanna. RNA was extracted from the sera and amplified by RT-PCR with flavivirus primers. Flavivirus-positive sera were then used to inoculate Aedes albopictus cells (C6/36); viral RNA was extracted from these cells, amplified, and sequenced with DENV E gene-specific primers. Sequence splicing and nucleotide homology genetic evolution analysis were carried out by biological software (DNAStar). Unique mutations in the E genes of isolated DENV were analyzed by SWISS-MODEL and PyMOL. Results: Of the 60 samples collected from DF patients, 39 tested positively with flavivirus primers. The DENV was isolated from 25 of the 39 positive seras, of which 20 showed cytopathic effects (CPE) and 5 were no CPE. In these 25 isolated nucleic acids, 21 strains of DENV-1, 3 strains of DENV-2, and 1 strain of DENV-3 were identified according to the sequence of E protein. In the four unique mutations (D52, Y149, L312, T386), D52 and Y149 in the E protein of DENV-1 were predicted to be exposed on the surface of the prefusion conformation. Conclusion: The 2019 outbreak of DF in Xishuangbanna area of Yunnan Province consists of at least three serotypes of DENV-1, DENV-2, and DENV-3, and the sources of these virus strains are of mixed and complicated origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Xin Meng
- Yunnan Tropical and Subtropical Animal Virus Disease Laboratory, Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming, China
| | - Qiu-Ming Hu
- People's Hospital of Jinghong City, Jinghong, China
| | - Li-Ming Zhang
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Li
- Yunnan Tropical and Subtropical Animal Virus Disease Laboratory, Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming, China
| | - Yu-Wen He
- Yunnan Tropical and Subtropical Animal Virus Disease Laboratory, Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming, China
| | - Zhen-Xing Yang
- Yunnan Tropical and Subtropical Animal Virus Disease Laboratory, Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming, China
| | - Yi Sun
- The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Jing-Lin Wang
- Yunnan Tropical and Subtropical Animal Virus Disease Laboratory, Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming, China
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Su H, van Eerde A, Rimstad E, Bock R, Branza-Nichita N, Yakovlev IA, Clarke JL. Plant-made vaccines against viral diseases in humans and farm animals. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1170815. [PMID: 37056490 PMCID: PMC10086147 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1170815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Plants provide not only food and feed, but also herbal medicines and various raw materials for industry. Moreover, plants can be green factories producing high value bioproducts such as biopharmaceuticals and vaccines. Advantages of plant-based production platforms include easy scale-up, cost effectiveness, and high safety as plants are not hosts for human and animal pathogens. Plant cells perform many post-translational modifications that are present in humans and animals and can be essential for biological activity of produced recombinant proteins. Stimulated by progress in plant transformation technologies, substantial efforts have been made in both the public and the private sectors to develop plant-based vaccine production platforms. Recent promising examples include plant-made vaccines against COVID-19 and Ebola. The COVIFENZ® COVID-19 vaccine produced in Nicotiana benthamiana has been approved in Canada, and several plant-made influenza vaccines have undergone clinical trials. In this review, we discuss the status of vaccine production in plants and the state of the art in downstream processing according to good manufacturing practice (GMP). We discuss different production approaches, including stable transgenic plants and transient expression technologies, and review selected applications in the area of human and veterinary vaccines. We also highlight specific challenges associated with viral vaccine production for different target organisms, including lower vertebrates (e.g., farmed fish), and discuss future perspectives for the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Su
- Division of Biotechnology and Plant Health, NIBIO - Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Ås, Norway
| | - André van Eerde
- Division of Biotechnology and Plant Health, NIBIO - Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Ås, Norway
| | - Espen Rimstad
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ralph Bock
- Department III, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Norica Branza-Nichita
- Department of Viral Glycoproteins, Institute of Biochemistry of the Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Igor A. Yakovlev
- Division of Biotechnology and Plant Health, NIBIO - Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Ås, Norway
| | - Jihong Liu Clarke
- Division of Biotechnology and Plant Health, NIBIO - Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Ås, Norway
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Wang X, Prokhnevsky AI, Skarjinskaia M, Razzak MA, Streatfield SJ, Lee J. Facilitating viral vector movement enhances heterologous protein production in an established plant system. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2023; 21:635-645. [PMID: 36511837 PMCID: PMC9946140 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Molecular farming technology using transiently transformed Nicotiana plants offers an economical approach to the pharmaceutical industry to produce an array of protein targets including vaccine antigens and therapeutics. It can serve as a desirable alternative approach for those proteins that are challenging or too costly to produce in large quantities using other heterologous protein expression systems. However, since cost metrics are such a critical factor in selecting a production host, any system-wide modifications that can increase recombinant protein yields are key to further improving the platform and making it applicable for a wider range of target molecules. Here, we report on the development of a new approach to improve target accumulation in an established plant-based expression system that utilizes viral-based vectors to mediate transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana. We show that by engineering the host plant to support viral vectors to spread more effectively between host cells through plasmodesmata, protein target accumulation can be increased by up to approximately 60%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Wang
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural ResourcesUniversity of DelawareDelawareNewarkUSA
- Present address:
Department of Plant Physiology and BiochemistryUniversity of HohenheimBaden‐WürttembergStuttgartGermany
| | | | - Marina Skarjinskaia
- Fraunhofer USA Inc.Center Mid‐Atlantic, Biotechnology DivisionDelawareNewarkUSA
| | - Md Abdur Razzak
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural ResourcesUniversity of DelawareDelawareNewarkUSA
| | | | - Jung‐Youn Lee
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural ResourcesUniversity of DelawareDelawareNewarkUSA
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and SciencesUniversity of DelawareDelawareNewarkUSA
- Delaware Biotechnology InstituteUniversity of DelawareDelawareNewarkUSA
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Luria-Pérez R, Sánchez-Vargas LA, Muñoz-López P, Mellado-Sánchez G. Mucosal Vaccination: A Promising Alternative Against Flaviviruses. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:887729. [PMID: 35782117 PMCID: PMC9241634 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.887729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The Flaviviridae are a family of positive-sense, single-stranded RNA enveloped viruses, and their members belong to a single genus, Flavivirus. Flaviviruses are found in mosquitoes and ticks; they are etiological agents of: dengue fever, Japanese encephalitis, West Nile virus infection, Zika virus infection, tick-borne encephalitis, and yellow fever, among others. Only a few flavivirus vaccines have been licensed for use in humans: yellow fever, dengue fever, Japanese encephalitis, tick-borne encephalitis, and Kyasanur forest disease. However, improvement is necessary in vaccination strategies and in understanding of the immunological mechanisms involved either in the infection or after vaccination. This is especially important in dengue, due to the immunological complexity of its four serotypes, cross-reactive responses, antibody-dependent enhancement, and immunological interference. In this context, mucosal vaccines represent a promising alternative against flaviviruses. Mucosal vaccination has several advantages, as inducing long-term protective immunity in both mucosal and parenteral tissues. It constitutes a friendly route of antigen administration because it is needle-free and allows for a variety of antigen delivery systems. This has promoted the development of several ways to stimulate immunity through the direct administration of antigens (e.g., inactivated virus, attenuated virus, subunits, and DNA), non-replicating vectors (e.g., nanoparticles, liposomes, bacterial ghosts, and defective-replication viral vectors), and replicating vectors (e.g., Salmonella enterica, Lactococcus lactis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and viral vectors). Because of these characteristics, mucosal vaccination has been explored for immunoprophylaxis against pathogens that enter the host through mucosae or parenteral areas. It is suitable against flaviviruses because this type of immunization can stimulate the parenteral responses required after bites from flavivirus-infected insects. This review focuses on the advantages of mucosal vaccine candidates against the most relevant flaviviruses in either humans or animals, providing supporting data on the feasibility of this administration route for future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosendo Luria-Pérez
- Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Unidad de Investigación en Enfermedades Hemato-Oncológicas, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Luis A. Sánchez-Vargas
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Institute for Immunology and Informatics, University of Rhode Island, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Paola Muñoz-López
- Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Unidad de Investigación en Enfermedades Hemato-Oncológicas, Ciudad de México, Mexico
- Posgrado en Biomedicina y Biotecnología Molecular, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Gabriela Mellado-Sánchez
- Unidad de Desarrollo e Investigación en Bioterapéuticos (UDIBI), Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
- Laboratorio Nacional para Servicios Especializados de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación (I+D+i) para Farmoquímicos y Biotecnológicos, LANSEIDI-FarBiotec-CONACyT, Ciudad de México, Mexico
- *Correspondence: Gabriela Mellado-Sánchez,
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Khalid F, Tahir R, Ellahi M, Amir N, Rizvi SFA, Hasnain A. Emerging trends of edible vaccine therapy for combating human diseases especially
COVID
‐19: Pros, cons, and future challenges. Phytother Res 2022; 36:2746-2766. [PMID: 35499291 PMCID: PMC9347755 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The researchers are still doing efforts to develop an effective, reliable, and easily accessible vaccine candidate to protect against COVID‐19. As of the August 2020, nearly 30 conventional vaccines have been emerged in clinical trials, and more than 200 vaccines are in various development stages. Nowadays, plants are also considered as a potential source for the production of monoclonal antibodies, vaccines, drugs, immunomodulatory proteins, as well as used as bioreactors or factories for their bulk production. The scientific evidences enlighten that plants are the rich source of oral vaccines, which can be given either by eating the edible parts of plants and/or by oral administration of highly refined proteins. The use of plant‐based edible vaccines is an emerging trend as it possesses minimum or no side effects compared with synthetic vaccines. This review article gives insights into different types of vaccines, the use of edible vaccines, advantages of edible vaccines over conventional vaccines, and mechanism of action of edible vaccines. This review article also focuses on the applications of edible vaccines in wide‐range of human diseases especially against COVID‐19 with emphasis on future perspectives of the use of edible vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Khalid
- Institute of Molecular Biology and BiotechnologyThe University of LahoreLahorePakistan
| | - Reema Tahir
- Institute of Molecular Biology and BiotechnologyThe University of LahoreLahorePakistan
| | - Manahil Ellahi
- Institute of Molecular Biology and BiotechnologyThe University of LahoreLahorePakistan
| | - Nilofer Amir
- Institute of Molecular Biology and BiotechnologyThe University of LahoreLahorePakistan
| | - Syed Faheem Askari Rizvi
- Institute of Molecular Biology and BiotechnologyThe University of LahoreLahorePakistan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringLanzhou UniversityLanzhouP.R. China
| | - Ammarah Hasnain
- Institute of Molecular Biology and BiotechnologyThe University of LahoreLahorePakistan
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Plant-Derived Recombinant Vaccines against Zoonotic Viruses. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12020156. [PMID: 35207444 PMCID: PMC8878793 DOI: 10.3390/life12020156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging and re-emerging zoonotic diseases cause serious illness with billions of cases, and millions of deaths. The most effective way to restrict the spread of zoonotic viruses among humans and animals and prevent disease is vaccination. Recombinant proteins produced in plants offer an alternative approach for the development of safe, effective, inexpensive candidate vaccines. Current strategies are focused on the production of highly immunogenic structural proteins, which mimic the organizations of the native virion but lack the viral genetic material. These include chimeric viral peptides, subunit virus proteins, and virus-like particles (VLPs). The latter, with their ability to self-assemble and thus resemble the form of virus particles, are gaining traction among plant-based candidate vaccines against many infectious diseases. In this review, we summarized the main zoonotic diseases and followed the progress in using plant expression systems for the production of recombinant proteins and VLPs used in the development of plant-based vaccines against zoonotic viruses.
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Monreal-Escalante E, Ramos-Vega A, Angulo C, Bañuelos-Hernández B. Plant-Based Vaccines: Antigen Design, Diversity, and Strategies for High Level Production. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:100. [PMID: 35062761 PMCID: PMC8782010 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10010100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccines for human use have conventionally been developed by the production of (1) microbial pathogens in eggs or mammalian cells that are then inactivated, or (2) by the production of pathogen proteins in mammalian and insect cells that are purified for vaccine formulation, as well as, more recently, (3) by using RNA or DNA fragments from pathogens. Another approach for recombinant antigen production in the last three decades has been the use of plants as biofactories. Only have few plant-produced vaccines been evaluated in clinical trials to fight against diseases, of which COVID-19 vaccines are the most recent to be FDA approved. In silico tools have accelerated vaccine design, which, combined with transitory antigen expression in plants, has led to the testing of promising prototypes in pre-clinical and clinical trials. Therefore, this review deals with a description of immunoinformatic tools and plant genetic engineering technologies used for antigen design (virus-like particles (VLP), subunit vaccines, VLP chimeras) and the main strategies for high antigen production levels. These key topics for plant-made vaccine development are discussed and perspectives are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Monreal-Escalante
- Immunology and Vaccinology Group, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, Instituto PoliItécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz 23096, BCS, Mexico; (A.R.-V.); (C.A.)
- CONACYT—Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz 23096, BCS, Mexico
| | - Abel Ramos-Vega
- Immunology and Vaccinology Group, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, Instituto PoliItécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz 23096, BCS, Mexico; (A.R.-V.); (C.A.)
| | - Carlos Angulo
- Immunology and Vaccinology Group, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, Instituto PoliItécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz 23096, BCS, Mexico; (A.R.-V.); (C.A.)
| | - Bernardo Bañuelos-Hernández
- Escuela de Veterinaria, Universidad De La Salle Bajío, Avenida Universidad 602, Lomas del Campestre, Leon 37150, GTO, Mexico
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Overexpression of the recombinant human interferon-beta ( rhIFN-β) gene in tobacco chloroplasts. BIOTECHNOLOGIA 2021; 102:367-376. [PMID: 36605601 PMCID: PMC9642931 DOI: 10.5114/bta.2021.111094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Chloroplast genetic engineering is a convenient method for the production of recombinant proteins by increasing the expression level of transgenes. Interferon-beta (IFN-β) is a member of type I interferons that possess some pharmaceutical properties. The present study aimed to investigate the overexpression and production of the recombinant human IFN-β gene (rhIFN-β) in the tobacco chloroplast genome. For this purpose, a codon-optimized rhIFN-β was transferred to the pVSR326 plastid vector containing the aadA gene as a selectable marker. The rhIFN-β gene was then successfully introduced into the tobacco chloroplast genome by using a gene gun. The integration of the rhIFN-β gene into the chloroplast genome and the homoplasmy of the T1 progeny were confirmed by PCR and Southern blot analysis, respectively. RT-PCR and western blot analyses confirmed the transcription and translation of the rhIFN-β gene, respectively. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) showed that the rhIFN-β protein in transplastomic plants comprised approximately 2.4% of total soluble protein (TSPs). The bioassay confirmed that the rhIFN-β protein expressed in the tobacco chloroplast had a relatively high biological activity (2.9 × 104 IU/ml) and protected human amnionic cells against the vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV). On the basis of these findings, it can be concluded that plastid transformation can serve as an operative method for the production of pharmaceutical recombinant proteins.
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Debnath N, Thakur M, Khushboo, Negi NP, Gautam V, Kumar Yadav A, Kumar D. Insight of oral vaccines as an alternative approach to health and disease management: An innovative intuition and challenges. Biotechnol Bioeng 2021; 119:327-346. [PMID: 34755343 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Vaccination is the most suitable and persuasive healthcare program for the prohibition of various deadly diseases. However, the higher production cost and purification strategies are out of reach for the developing nations. In this scenario, development of edible vaccine turns out to be the most promising alternative for remodeling the pharmaceutical industry with reduced production and purification costs. Generally, oral route of vaccination is mostly preferred due to its safety, compliance, low manufacturing cost and most importantly the ability to induce immunity in both systemic and mucosal sites. Genetically modified microorganisms and plants could efficiently be used as vehicles for edible vaccines. Edible vaccines are supposed to reduce the risk associated with traditional vaccines. Currently, oral vaccines are available in the market for several viral and bacterial diseases like cholera, hepatitis B, malaria, rabies etc. Herein, the review focuses on the breakthrough events in the area of edible vaccines associated with dietary microbes and plants for better control over diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabendu Debnath
- Centre for Molecular Biology, Central University of Jammu, Samba, Jammu & Kashmir (UT), India
| | - Mony Thakur
- Department of Microbiology, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, Haryana, India
| | - Khushboo
- Department of Biotechnology, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, Haryana, India
| | - Neelam P Negi
- Department of Biotechnology, University Institute of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Vibhav Gautam
- Centre of Experimental Medicine & Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ashok Kumar Yadav
- Centre for Molecular Biology, Central University of Jammu, Samba, Jammu & Kashmir (UT), India
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Dobrica M, van Eerde A, Tucureanu C, Onu A, Paruch L, Caras I, Vlase E, Steen H, Haugslien S, Alonzi D, Zitzmann N, Bock R, Dubuisson J, Popescu C, Stavaru C, Liu Clarke J, Branza‐Nichita N. Hepatitis C virus E2 envelope glycoprotein produced in Nicotiana benthamiana triggers humoral response with virus-neutralizing activity in vaccinated mice. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2021; 19:2027-2039. [PMID: 34002936 PMCID: PMC8486241 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Chronic infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) remains a leading cause of liver-related pathologies and a global health problem, currently affecting more than 71 million people worldwide. The development of a prophylactic vaccine is much needed to complement the effective antiviral treatment available and achieve HCV eradication. Current strategies focus on increasing the immunogenicity of the HCV envelope glycoprotein E2, the major target of virus-neutralizing antibodies, by testing various expression systems or manipulating the protein conformation and the N-glycosylation pattern. Here we report the first evidence of successful production of the full-length HCV E2 glycoprotein in Nicotiana benthamiana, by using the Agrobacterium-mediated transient expression technology. Molecular and functional analysis showed that the viral protein was correctly processed in plant cells and achieved the native folding required for binding to CD81, one of the HCV receptors. N-glycan analysis of HCV-E2 produced in N. benthamiana and mammalian cells indicated host-specific trimming of mannose residues and possibly, protein trafficking. Notably, the plant-derived viral antigen triggered a significant immune response in vaccinated mice, characterized by the presence of antibodies with HCV-neutralizing activity. Together, our study demonstrates that N. benthamiana is a viable alternative to costly mammalian cell cultures for the expression of complex viral antigens and supports the use of plants as cost-effective production platforms for the development of HCV vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Catalin Tucureanu
- Cantacuzino” Medico‐Military National Research InstituteBucharestRomania
| | - Adrian Onu
- Cantacuzino” Medico‐Military National Research InstituteBucharestRomania
| | - Lisa Paruch
- NIBIO ‐ Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy ResearchÅsNorway
| | - Iuliana Caras
- Cantacuzino” Medico‐Military National Research InstituteBucharestRomania
| | - Ene Vlase
- Cantacuzino” Medico‐Military National Research InstituteBucharestRomania
| | - Hege Steen
- NIBIO ‐ Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy ResearchÅsNorway
| | | | - Dominic Alonzi
- Oxford Glycobiology InstituteDepartment of BiochemistryUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Nicole Zitzmann
- Oxford Glycobiology InstituteDepartment of BiochemistryUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Ralph Bock
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant PhysiologyPotsdam‐GolmGermany
| | - Jean Dubuisson
- Université LilleCNRSINSERMCHU LilleInstitut Pasteur de LilleU1019‐UMR 9017‐CIIL‐Center for Infection and Immunity of LilleLilleFrance
| | | | - Crina Stavaru
- Cantacuzino” Medico‐Military National Research InstituteBucharestRomania
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He W, Baysal C, Lobato Gómez M, Huang X, Alvarez D, Zhu C, Armario‐Najera V, Blanco Perera A, Cerda Bennaser P, Saba‐Mayoral A, Sobrino‐Mengual G, Vargheese A, Abranches R, Alexandra Abreu I, Balamurugan S, Bock R, Buyel JF, da Cunha NB, Daniell H, Faller R, Folgado A, Gowtham I, Häkkinen ST, Kumar S, Sathish Kumar R, Lacorte C, Lomonossoff GP, Luís IM, K.‐C. Ma J, McDonald KA, Murad A, Nandi S, O’Keef B, Parthiban S, Paul MJ, Ponndorf D, Rech E, Rodrigues JC, Ruf S, Schillberg S, Schwestka J, Shah PS, Singh R, Stoger E, Twyman RM, Varghese IP, Vianna GR, Webster G, Wilbers RHP, Christou P, Oksman‐Caldentey K, Capell T. Contributions of the international plant science community to the fight against infectious diseases in humans-part 2: Affordable drugs in edible plants for endemic and re-emerging diseases. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2021; 19:1921-1936. [PMID: 34181810 PMCID: PMC8486237 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The fight against infectious diseases often focuses on epidemics and pandemics, which demand urgent resources and command attention from the health authorities and media. However, the vast majority of deaths caused by infectious diseases occur in endemic zones, particularly in developing countries, placing a disproportionate burden on underfunded health systems and often requiring international interventions. The provision of vaccines and other biologics is hampered not only by the high cost and limited scalability of traditional manufacturing platforms based on microbial and animal cells, but also by challenges caused by distribution and storage, particularly in regions without a complete cold chain. In this review article, we consider the potential of molecular farming to address the challenges of endemic and re-emerging diseases, focusing on edible plants for the development of oral drugs. Key recent developments in this field include successful clinical trials based on orally delivered dried leaves of Artemisia annua against malarial parasite strains resistant to artemisinin combination therapy, the ability to produce clinical-grade protein drugs in leaves to treat infectious diseases and the long-term storage of protein drugs in dried leaves at ambient temperatures. Recent FDA approval of the first orally delivered protein drug encapsulated in plant cells to treat peanut allergy has opened the door for the development of affordable oral drugs that can be manufactured and distributed in remote areas without cold storage infrastructure and that eliminate the need for expensive purification steps and sterile delivery by injection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenshu He
- Department of Crop and Forest SciencesUniversity of Lleida‐Agrotecnio CERCA CenterLleidaSpain
| | - Can Baysal
- Department of Crop and Forest SciencesUniversity of Lleida‐Agrotecnio CERCA CenterLleidaSpain
| | - Maria Lobato Gómez
- Department of Crop and Forest SciencesUniversity of Lleida‐Agrotecnio CERCA CenterLleidaSpain
| | - Xin Huang
- Department of Crop and Forest SciencesUniversity of Lleida‐Agrotecnio CERCA CenterLleidaSpain
| | - Derry Alvarez
- Department of Crop and Forest SciencesUniversity of Lleida‐Agrotecnio CERCA CenterLleidaSpain
| | - Changfu Zhu
- Department of Crop and Forest SciencesUniversity of Lleida‐Agrotecnio CERCA CenterLleidaSpain
| | - Victoria Armario‐Najera
- Department of Crop and Forest SciencesUniversity of Lleida‐Agrotecnio CERCA CenterLleidaSpain
| | - Aamaya Blanco Perera
- Department of Crop and Forest SciencesUniversity of Lleida‐Agrotecnio CERCA CenterLleidaSpain
| | - Pedro Cerda Bennaser
- Department of Crop and Forest SciencesUniversity of Lleida‐Agrotecnio CERCA CenterLleidaSpain
| | - Andrea Saba‐Mayoral
- Department of Crop and Forest SciencesUniversity of Lleida‐Agrotecnio CERCA CenterLleidaSpain
| | | | - Ashwin Vargheese
- Department of Crop and Forest SciencesUniversity of Lleida‐Agrotecnio CERCA CenterLleidaSpain
| | - Rita Abranches
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António XavierUniversidade Nova de LisboaOeirasPortugal
| | - Isabel Alexandra Abreu
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António XavierUniversidade Nova de LisboaOeirasPortugal
| | - Shanmugaraj Balamurugan
- Plant Genetic Engineering LaboratoryDepartment of BiotechnologyBharathiar UniversityTamil NaduIndia
| | - Ralph Bock
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant PhysiologyPotsdam‐GolmGermany
| | - Johannes F. Buyel
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IMEAachenGermany
- Institute for Molecular BiotechnologyRWTH Aachen UniversityAachenGermany
| | - Nicolau B. da Cunha
- Centro de Análise Proteômicas e Bioquímicas de BrasíliaUniversidade Católica de BrasíliaBrasíliaBrazil
| | - Henry Daniell
- School of Dental MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Roland Faller
- Department of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of California, DavisDavisCAUSA
| | - André Folgado
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António XavierUniversidade Nova de LisboaOeirasPortugal
| | - Iyappan Gowtham
- Plant Genetic Engineering LaboratoryDepartment of BiotechnologyBharathiar UniversityTamil NaduIndia
| | - Suvi T. Häkkinen
- Industrial Biotechnology and Food SolutionsVTT Technical Research Centre of Finland LtdEspooFinland
| | - Shashi Kumar
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and BiotechnologyNew DelhiIndia
| | - Ramalingam Sathish Kumar
- Plant Genetic Engineering LaboratoryDepartment of BiotechnologyBharathiar UniversityTamil NaduIndia
| | - Cristiano Lacorte
- Brazilian Agriculture Research CorporationEmbrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology and National Institute of Science and Technology Synthetic in Biology, Parque Estação BiológicaBrasiliaBrazil
| | | | - Ines M. Luís
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António XavierUniversidade Nova de LisboaOeirasPortugal
| | - Julian K.‐C. Ma
- Institute for Infection and ImmunitySt. George’s University of LondonLondonUK
| | - Karen A. McDonald
- Department of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of California, DavisDavisCAUSA
- Global HealthShare InitiativeUniversity of California, DavisDavisCAUSA
| | - Andre Murad
- Brazilian Agriculture Research CorporationEmbrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology and National Institute of Science and Technology Synthetic in Biology, Parque Estação BiológicaBrasiliaBrazil
| | - Somen Nandi
- Department of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of California, DavisDavisCAUSA
- Global HealthShare InitiativeUniversity of California, DavisDavisCAUSA
| | - Barry O’Keef
- Division of Cancer Treatment and DiagnosisMolecular Targets ProgramCenter for Cancer ResearchNational Cancer Institute, and Natural Products Branch, Developmental Therapeutics ProgramNational Cancer Institute, NIHFrederickMDUSA
| | - Subramanian Parthiban
- Plant Genetic Engineering LaboratoryDepartment of BiotechnologyBharathiar UniversityTamil NaduIndia
| | - Mathew J. Paul
- Institute for Infection and ImmunitySt. George’s University of LondonLondonUK
| | - Daniel Ponndorf
- Department of Biological ChemistryJohn Innes CentreNorwich Research Park, NorwichUK
| | - Elibio Rech
- Brazilian Agriculture Research CorporationEmbrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology and National Institute of Science and Technology Synthetic in Biology, Parque Estação BiológicaBrasiliaBrazil
| | - Julio C.M. Rodrigues
- Brazilian Agriculture Research CorporationEmbrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology and National Institute of Science and Technology Synthetic in Biology, Parque Estação BiológicaBrasiliaBrazil
| | - Stephanie Ruf
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant PhysiologyPotsdam‐GolmGermany
| | - Stefan Schillberg
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IMEAachenGermany
- Institute for PhytopathologyJustus‐Liebig‐University GiessenGiessenGermany
| | - Jennifer Schwestka
- Institute of Plant Biotechnology and Cell BiologyUniversity of Natural Resources and Life SciencesViennaAustria
| | - Priya S. Shah
- Department of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of California, DavisDavisCAUSA
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular GeneticsUniversity of California, DavisDavisCAUSA
| | - Rahul Singh
- School of Dental MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Eva Stoger
- Institute of Plant Biotechnology and Cell BiologyUniversity of Natural Resources and Life SciencesViennaAustria
| | | | - Inchakalody P. Varghese
- Plant Genetic Engineering LaboratoryDepartment of BiotechnologyBharathiar UniversityTamil NaduIndia
| | - Giovanni R. Vianna
- Brazilian Agriculture Research CorporationEmbrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology and National Institute of Science and Technology Synthetic in Biology, Parque Estação BiológicaBrasiliaBrazil
| | - Gina Webster
- Institute for Infection and ImmunitySt. George’s University of LondonLondonUK
| | - Ruud H. P. Wilbers
- Laboratory of NematologyPlant Sciences GroupWageningen University and ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Paul Christou
- Department of Crop and Forest SciencesUniversity of Lleida‐Agrotecnio CERCA CenterLleidaSpain
- ICREACatalan Institute for Research and Advanced StudiesBarcelonaSpain
| | | | - Teresa Capell
- Department of Crop and Forest SciencesUniversity of Lleida‐Agrotecnio CERCA CenterLleidaSpain
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Challenges and Prospects of Plant-Derived Oral Vaccines against Hepatitis B and C Viruses. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10102037. [PMID: 34685844 PMCID: PMC8537828 DOI: 10.3390/plants10102037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis B and C viruses chronically affect approximately 3.5% of the global population, causing more than 800,000 deaths yearly due to severe liver pathogenesis. Current HBV vaccines have significantly contributed to the reduction of chronic HBV infections, supporting the notion that virus eradication is a feasible public health objective in the near future. In contrast to HBV, a prophylactic vaccine against HCV infection is not available yet; however, intense research efforts within the last decade have significantly advanced the field and several vaccine candidates are shortlisted for clinical trials. A successful vaccine against an infectious disease of global importance must not only be efficient and safe, but also easy to produce, distribute, administer, and economically affordable to ensure appropriate coverage. Some of these requirements could be fulfilled by oral vaccines that could complement traditional immunization strategies. In this review, we discuss the potential of edible plant-based oral vaccines in assisting the worldwide fight against hepatitis B and C infections. We highlight the latest research efforts to reveal the potential of oral vaccines, discuss novel antigen designs and delivery strategies, as well as the limitations and controversies of oral administration that remain to be addressed to make this approach successful.
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Maharjan PM, Choe S. Plant-Based COVID-19 Vaccines: Current Status, Design, and Development Strategies of Candidate Vaccines. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:992. [PMID: 34579229 PMCID: PMC8473425 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9090992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in its second year has led to massive global human and economic losses. The high transmission rate and the emergence of diverse SARS-CoV-2 variants demand rapid and effective approaches to preventing the spread, diagnosing on time, and treating affected people. Several COVID-19 vaccines are being developed using different production systems, including plants, which promises the production of cheap, safe, stable, and effective vaccines. The potential of a plant-based system for rapid production at a commercial scale and for a quick response to an infectious disease outbreak has been demonstrated by the marketing of carrot-cell-produced taliglucerase alfa (Elelyso) for Gaucher disease and tobacco-produced monoclonal antibodies (ZMapp) for the 2014 Ebola outbreak. Currently, two plant-based COVID-19 vaccine candidates, coronavirus virus-like particle (CoVLP) and Kentucky Bioprocessing (KBP)-201, are in clinical trials, and many more are in the preclinical stage. Interim phase 2 clinical trial results have revealed the high safety and efficacy of the CoVLP vaccine, with 10 times more neutralizing antibody responses compared to those present in a convalescent patient's plasma. The clinical trial of the CoVLP vaccine could be concluded by the end of 2021, and the vaccine could be available for public immunization thereafter. This review encapsulates the efforts made in plant-based COVID-19 vaccine development, the strategies and technologies implemented, and the progress accomplished in clinical trials and preclinical studies so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puna Maya Maharjan
- G+FLAS Life Sciences, 123 Uiryodanji-gil, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si 28161, Korea;
| | - Sunghwa Choe
- G+FLAS Life Sciences, 38 Nakseongdae-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08790, Korea
- School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea
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Su H, Yakovlev IA, van Eerde A, Su J, Clarke JL. Plant-Produced Vaccines: Future Applications in Aquaculture. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:718775. [PMID: 34456958 PMCID: PMC8397579 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.718775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Aquaculture has undergone rapid development in the past decades. It provides a large part of high-quality protein food for humans, and thus, a sustainable aquaculture industry is of great importance for the worldwide food supply and economy. Along with the quick expansion of aquaculture, the high fish densities employed in fish farming increase the risks of outbreaks of a variety of aquatic diseases. Such diseases not only cause huge economic losses, but also lead to ecological hazards in terms of pathogen spread to marine ecosystems causing infection of wild fish and polluting the environment. Thus, fish health is essential for the aquaculture industry to be environmentally sustainable and a prerequisite for intensive aquaculture production globally. The wide use of antibiotics and drug residues has caused intensive pollution along with risks for food safety and increasing antimicrobial resistance. Vaccination is the most effective and environmentally friendly approach to battle infectious diseases in aquaculture with minimal ecological impact and is applicable to most species of farmed fish. However, there are only 34 fish vaccines commercially available globally to date, showing the urgent need for further development of fish vaccines to manage fish health and ensure food safety. Plant genetic engineering has been utilized to produce genetically modified crops with desirable characteristics and has also been used for vaccine production, with several advantages including cost-effectiveness, safety when compared with live virus vaccines, and plants being capable of carrying out posttranslational modifications that are similar to naturally occurring systems. So far, plant-derived vaccines, antibodies, and therapeutic proteins have been produced for human and animal health. However, the development of plant-made vaccines for animals, especially fish, is still lagging behind the development of human vaccines. The present review summarizes the development of fish vaccines currently utilized and the suitability of the plant-production platform for fish vaccine and then addresses considerations regarding fish vaccine production in plants. Developing fish vaccines by way of plant biotechnology are significant for the aquaculture industry, fish health management, food safety, and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Su
- Division of Biotechnology and Plant Health, NIBIO - Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Ås, Norway
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Igor A. Yakovlev
- Division of Biotechnology and Plant Health, NIBIO - Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Ås, Norway
| | - André van Eerde
- Division of Biotechnology and Plant Health, NIBIO - Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Ås, Norway
| | - Jianguo Su
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jihong Liu Clarke
- Division of Biotechnology and Plant Health, NIBIO - Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Ås, Norway
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Producing Vaccines against Enveloped Viruses in Plants: Making the Impossible, Difficult. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9070780. [PMID: 34358196 PMCID: PMC8310165 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9070780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The past 30 years have seen the growth of plant molecular farming as an approach to the production of recombinant proteins for pharmaceutical and biotechnological uses. Much of this effort has focused on producing vaccine candidates against viral diseases, including those caused by enveloped viruses. These represent a particular challenge given the difficulties associated with expressing and purifying membrane-bound proteins and achieving correct assembly. Despite this, there have been notable successes both from a biochemical and a clinical perspective, with a number of clinical trials showing great promise. This review will explore the history and current status of plant-produced vaccine candidates against enveloped viruses to date, with a particular focus on virus-like particles (VLPs), which mimic authentic virus structures but do not contain infectious genetic material.
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17
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Stanbekova G, Beisenov D, Nizkorodova A, Iskakov B, Warzecha H. Production of the sheep pox virus structural protein SPPV117 in tobacco chloroplasts. Biotechnol Lett 2021; 43:1475-1485. [PMID: 33797655 PMCID: PMC8017516 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-021-03117-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A chloroplast transgenic approach was assessed in order to produce a structural protein SPPV117 of sheep pox virus in Nicotiana tabacum for the future development of a plant-based subunit vaccine against sheep pox. RESULTS Two DNA constructs containing SPPV117 coding sequence under the control of chloroplast promoter and terminator of psbA gene or rrn promoter and rbcL terminator were designed and inserted into the chloroplast genome by a biolistic method. The transgenic plants were selected via PCR analysis. Northern and Western blot analysis showed expression of the transgene at transcriptional and translational levels, respectively. The recombinant protein accumulated to about 0.3% and 0.9% of total soluble protein in leaves when expressed from psbA and rrn promoter, respectively. Plant-produced SPPV117 protein was purified using metal affinity chromatography and the protein yield was 19.67 ± 1.25 µg g-1 (FW). The serum of a sheep infected with the virus recognised the chloroplast-produced protein indicating that the protein retains its antigenic properties. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that chloroplasts are a suitable system for the production of a candidate subunit vaccine against sheep pox.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulshan Stanbekova
- Protein and Nucleic Acids Research, M. Aitkhozhin Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Daniyar Beisenov
- Protein and Nucleic Acids Research, M. Aitkhozhin Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Anna Nizkorodova
- Protein and Nucleic Acids Research, M. Aitkhozhin Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Bulat Iskakov
- Protein and Nucleic Acids Research, M. Aitkhozhin Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Heribert Warzecha
- Plant Biotechnology and Metabolic Engineering, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
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Wan J, Wang T, Xu J, Ouyang T, Wang Q, Zhang Y, Weng S, Li Y, Wang Y, Xin X, Wang X, Li S, Kong L. Novel Japanese encephalitis virus NS1-based vaccine: Truncated NS1 fused with E. coli heat labile enterotoxin B subunit. EBioMedicine 2021; 67:103353. [PMID: 33971403 PMCID: PMC8122160 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current vaccines against Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) of flaviviruses have some disadvantages, such as the risk of virulent reversion. Non-structural protein NS1 is conserved among flaviviruses and confers immune protection without the risk of antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE). Therefore, NS1 has become a promising vaccine candidate against flaviviruses. METHODS A NS1-based vaccine (LTB-NS1∆63) with a truncated NS1 protein (NS1∆63) fused to E. coli heat-labile enterotoxin B subunit (LTB) was expressed in E.coli and explored for its ability to induce immune responses. Safety of LTB-NS1∆63 was assessed by determining its toxicity in vitro and in vivo. Protective capability of LTB-NS1∆63 and its-induced antisera was evaluated in the mice challenged with JEV by analyzing mortality and morbidity. FINDINGS LTB-NS1∆63 induced immune responses to a similar level as LTB-NS1, but more robust than NS1∆63 alone, particularly in the context of oral immunization of mice. Oral vaccination of LTB-NS1∆63 led to a higher survival rate than that of NS1∆63 or live-attenuated JEV vaccine SA14-14-2 in the mice receiving lethal JEV challenge. LTB-NS1∆63 protein also significantly decreases the morbidity of JEV-infected mice. In addition, passive transfer of LTB-NS1∆63-induced antisera provides a protection against JEV infection in mice. INTERPRETATION NS1∆63 bears JEV NS1 antigenicity. Besides, LTB-NS1∆63 could serve as a novel protein-based mucosa vaccine targeting JEV and other flaviviruses. FUNDING This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation, Jiangxi Province Science and Technology Committee, Education Department of Jiangxi Province.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawu Wan
- Institute of Pathogenic Microorganism and College of Bioscience and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Institute of Pathogenic Microorganism and College of Bioscience and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Institute of Pathogenic Microorganism and College of Bioscience and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Tao Ouyang
- Institute of Pathogenic Microorganism and College of Bioscience and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Qianruo Wang
- Institute of Pathogenic Microorganism and College of Bioscience and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yanni Zhang
- Jiangxi Province Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Shiqi Weng
- Institute of Pathogenic Microorganism and College of Bioscience and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yihan Li
- Institute of Pathogenic Microorganism and College of Bioscience and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Institute of Pathogenic Microorganism and College of Bioscience and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xiu Xin
- Institute of Pathogenic Microorganism and College of Bioscience and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xiaoling Wang
- Institute of Pathogenic Microorganism and College of Bioscience and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Sha Li
- Institute of Pathogenic Microorganism and College of Bioscience and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Lingbao Kong
- Institute of Pathogenic Microorganism and College of Bioscience and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.
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Microparticles and Nanoparticles from Plants-The Benefits of Bioencapsulation. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9040369. [PMID: 33920425 PMCID: PMC8069552 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9040369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The efficacy of drugs and vaccines depends on their stability and ability to interact with their targets in vivo. Many drugs benefit from encapsulation, which protects them from harsh conditions and allows targeted delivery and controlled release. Although many encapsulation methods are inexpensive, such as the formulation of tablets for oral delivery, others require complex procedures that add significantly to production costs and require low-temperature transport and storage, making them inaccessible in developing countries. In this review we consider the benefits of encapsulation technologies based on plants. Plant-derived biopolymers such as starch and the maize storage protein zein are already used as protective coatings, but plant cells used as production host provide natural in vivo bioencapsulation that survives passage through the stomach and releases drugs in the intestine, due to the presence of microbes that can digest the cell wall. Proteins can also be encapsulated in subcellular compartments such as protein bodies, which ensure stability and activity while often conferring additional immunomodulatory effects. Finally, we consider the incorporation of drugs and vaccines into plant-derived nanoparticles assembled from the components of viruses. These are extremely versatile, allowing the display of epitopes and targeting peptides as well as carrying cargoes of drugs and imaging molecules.
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Khan I, Daniell H. Oral delivery of therapeutic proteins bioencapsulated in plant cells: preclinical and clinical advances. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 54. [PMID: 33967586 DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2021.101452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Oral delivery of protein drugs (PDs) made in plant cells could revolutionize current approaches of their production and delivery. Expression of PDs reduces their production cost by elimination of prohibitively expensive fermentation, purification, cold transportation/storage, and sterile injections and increases their shelf life for several years. Ability of plant cell wall to protect PDs from digestive acids/enzymes, commensal bacteria to release PDs in gut lumen after lysis of plant cell wall and role of GALT in inducing tolerance facilitate prevention or treatment allergic, autoimmune diseases or anti-drug antibody responses. Delivery of functional proteins facilitate treatment of inherited or metabolic disorders. Recent advances in making PDs free of antibiotic resistance genes in edible plant cells, long-term storage at ambient temperature maintaining their efficacy, production in cGMP facilities, IND enabling studies for clinical advancement and FDA approval of orally delivered PDs augur well for advancing this novel drug delivery platform technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Khan
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Henry Daniell
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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21
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Daniell H, Jin S, Zhu X, Gitzendanner MA, Soltis DE, Soltis PS. Green giant-a tiny chloroplast genome with mighty power to produce high-value proteins: history and phylogeny. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2021; 19:430-447. [PMID: 33484606 PMCID: PMC7955891 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Free-living cyanobacteria were entrapped by eukaryotic cells ~2 billion years ago, ultimately giving rise to chloroplasts. After a century of debate, the presence of chloroplast DNA was demonstrated in the 1960s. The first chloroplast genomes were sequenced in the 1980s, followed by ~100 vegetable, fruit, cereal, beverage, oil and starch/sugar crop chloroplast genomes in the past three decades. Foreign genes were expressed in isolated chloroplasts or intact plant cells in the late 1980s and stably integrated into chloroplast genomes, with typically maternal inheritance shown in the 1990s. Since then, chloroplast genomes conferred the highest reported levels of tolerance or resistance to biotic or abiotic stress. Although launching products with agronomic traits in important crops using this concept has been elusive, commercial products developed include enzymes used in everyday life from processing fruit juice, to enhancing water absorption of cotton fibre or removal of stains as laundry detergents and in dye removal in the textile industry. Plastid genome sequences have revealed the framework of green plant phylogeny as well as the intricate history of plastid genome transfer events to other eukaryotes. Discordant historical signals among plastid genes suggest possible variable constraints across the plastome and further understanding and mitigation of these constraints may yield new opportunities for bioengineering. In this review, we trace the evolutionary history of chloroplasts, status of autonomy and recent advances in products developed for everyday use or those advanced to the clinic, including treatment of COVID-19 patients and SARS-CoV-2 vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry Daniell
- Department of Basic and Translational SciencesSchool of Dental MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Shuangxia Jin
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Xin‐Guang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Plant Molecular Genetics and Center of Excellence for Molecular Plant SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
| | | | - Douglas E. Soltis
- Florida Museum of Natural History and Department of BiologyUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFLUSA
- Florida Museum of Natural HistoryUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFLUSA
| | - Pamela S. Soltis
- Florida Museum of Natural HistoryUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFLUSA
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22
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Beisenov DK, Stanbekova GE, Iskakov BK. Тransplastomic tobacco plants producing the hydrophilic domain of the sheep pox virus coat protein L1R. Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genet Selektsii 2020; 24:905-912. [PMID: 35088004 PMCID: PMC8764143 DOI: 10.18699/vj20.689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Sheep pox has a wide geographical range of distribution and poses a threat to sheep breeding worldwide,
as the disease is highly contagious and is accompanied by large economic losses. Vaccines based on live attenuated
virus strains are currently being used for prevention of this disease. Such vaccines are effective, but potentially dangerous because of the possible virus reversion to a pathogenic state. The development of safe recombinant subunit
vaccines against sheep pox is very relevant. The high ploidy level of the plant chloroplasts makes it possible to obtain large quantities of foreign proteins. The purpose of this study was to create transplastomic Nicotiana tabacum
plants producing one of the candidate vaccine proteins of sheep pox virus L1R. A vector containing a deletion variant
of the SPPV_56 gene, which encodes the N-terminal hydrophilic part of the viral coat protein L1R, was constructed
to transform tobacco plastids. It provides integration of the transgene into the trnG/trnfM region of the chloroplast
tobacco genome by homologous recombination. Spectinomycin-resistant tobacco lines were obtained by biolistic
gun-mediated genetic transformation. PCR analysis in the presence of gene-specific primers confirmed integration of
the transgene into the plant genome. Subsequent Northern and Western blot analysis showed the gene expression
at the transcriptional and translational levels. The recombinant protein yields reached up to 0.9 % of total soluble
protein. The transplastomic plants displayed a growth retardation and pale green leaf color compared to the wild
type, but they developed normally and produced seeds. Southern blot analysis showed heteroplasmy of the plastids
in the obtained plants due to recombination events between native and introduced regulatory plastid DNA elements.
The recombinant protein from plant tissue was purified using metal affinity chromatography. Future research will be
focused on determining the potential of the chloroplast-produced protein to induce neutralizing antibodies against
SPPV strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- D K Beisenov
- M.A. Aitkhozhin Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - G E Stanbekova
- M.A. Aitkhozhin Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - B K Iskakov
- M.A. Aitkhozhin Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Almaty, Kazakhstan
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Hooper CM, Castleden IR, Aryamanesh N, Black K, Grasso SV, Millar AH. CropPAL for discovering divergence in protein subcellular location in crops to support strategies for molecular crop breeding. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 104:812-827. [PMID: 32780488 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Agriculture faces increasing demand for yield, higher plant-derived protein content and diversity while facing pressure to achieve sustainability. Although the genomes of many of the important crops have been sequenced, the subcellular locations of most of the encoded proteins remain unknown or are only predicted. Protein subcellular location is crucial in determining protein function and accumulation patterns in plants, and is critical for targeted improvements in yield and resilience. Integrating location data from over 800 studies for 12 major crop species into the cropPAL2020 data collection showed that while >80% of proteins in most species are not localised by experimental data, combining species data or integrating predictions can help bridge gaps at similar accuracy. The collation and integration of over 61 505 experimental localisations and more than 6 million predictions showed that the relative sizes of the protein catalogues located in different subcellular compartments are comparable between crops and Arabidopsis. A comprehensive cross-species comparison showed that between 50% and 80% of the subcellulomes are conserved across species and that conservation only depends to some degree on the phylogenetic relationship of the species. Protein subcellular locations in major biosynthesis pathways are more often conserved than in metabolic pathways. Underlying this conservation is a clear potential for subcellular diversity in protein location between species by means of gene duplication and alternative splicing. Our cropPAL data set and search platform (https://crop-pal.org) provide a comprehensive subcellular proteomics resource to drive compartmentation-based approaches for improving yield, protein composition and resilience in future crop varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia M Hooper
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Ian R Castleden
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Nader Aryamanesh
- Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
- Robinson Research Institute and Adelaide Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Kylie Black
- University Library, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Sally V Grasso
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - A Harvey Millar
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
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24
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Shahid N, Samiullah TR, Shakoor S, Latif A, Yasmeen A, Azam S, Shahid AA, Husnain T, Rao AQ. Early Stage Development of a Newcastle Disease Vaccine Candidate in Corn. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:499. [PMID: 33062645 PMCID: PMC7476220 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Newcastle disease (ND) is a viral disease that causes labored breathing, periorbital oedema, and ataxia in the majority of avian species. The available vaccines against Newcastle disease virus (NDV) are limited, owing to their low reactivity and multiple dosage requirements. Plant-based machinery provides an attractive and safe system for vaccine production. In the current study, we attempted to express fusion (F) and hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) proteins (the protective antigens against NDV) under constitutive 35S and seed-specific Zein promoters, respectively. Almost 2-7.1-fold higher expression of F gene mRNA in transgenic corn leaves and 8-28-fold higher expression of HN gene mRNA in transgenic corn seeds were observed, when the expression was analyzed by real-time PCR on a relative basis as compared to non-transgenic control plant material (Leaves and seeds). Similarly, 1.66 μg/ml of F protein in corn leaves, i.e., 0.5% of total soluble protein, and 2.4 μg/ml of HN protein in corn seed, i.e., 0.8% of total seed protein, were found when calculated through ELISA. Similar levels of immunological response were generated in chicks immunized through injection of E. coli-produced pET F and pET HN protein as in chickens orally fed leaves and seeds of maize with expressed immunogenic protein. Moreover, the detection of anti-NDV antibodies in the sera of chickens that were fed maize with immunogenic protein, and the absence of these antibodies in chickens fed a normal diet, confirmed the specificity of the antibodies generated through feeding, and demonstrated the potential of utilizing plants for producing more vaccine doses, vaccine generation at higher levels and against other infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naila Shahid
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Sana Shakoor
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ayesha Latif
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Aneela Yasmeen
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Saira Azam
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ahmad Ali Shahid
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Tayyab Husnain
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Qayyum Rao
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
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25
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Sohrab SS. An edible vaccine development for coronavirus disease 2019: the concept. Clin Exp Vaccine Res 2020; 9:164-168. [PMID: 32864373 PMCID: PMC7445323 DOI: 10.7774/cevr.2020.9.2.164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel coronavirus was emerged in December 2019 from Wuhan city, China and has now become a global threat to human health. Currently, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread to more than 34 countries with 2,445 deaths and 78,811 confirmed cases. Currently, there is no vaccine available against COVID-19. The traditional vaccines development requires more time and high cost and due to this, the disease outbreaks becomes more challenging. Now a days, plants have become more attractive platform for edible vaccine production than the other system. The development of an edible vaccine in a selected plant system has many significant advantages such as; easy and efficient oral delivery, low cost with higher scale production, avoidance of any trained medical personnel for delivery, lack of any pathogenic infection, multicomponent expression in a single plant, and so forth. In this manuscript, the concept, development, and importance of an edible vaccine have been discussed. By using this plant-based platform, an edible vaccines can be produced in many crops like banana, cucumber, carrot, lettuce, and tomato against various diseases. Due to increasing cases globally with COVID-19, there is an urgent requirement to develop an ideal vaccine and antiviral therapy against this virus to control the disease worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayed Sartaj Sohrab
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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26
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Morgenfeld MM, Vater CF, Alfano EF, Boccardo NA, Bravo-Almonacid FF. Translocation from the chloroplast stroma into the thylakoid lumen allows expression of recombinant epidermal growth factor in transplastomic tobacco plants. Transgenic Res 2020; 29:295-305. [PMID: 32318934 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-020-00199-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Chloroplast transformation has many potential advantages for the production of recombinant proteins in plants. However, it has been reported that chloroplast expression of many proteins, such as human epidermal growth factor (hEGF), results hindered by post-transcriptional mechanisms. hEGF degradation has been related to the redox potential of the stroma and protein misfolding. To solve this problem, we proposed the redirection of hEGF into the thylakoid lumen where the environment could improve disulfide bonds formation stabilizing the functional conformation of the protein. We generated transplastomic tobacco plants targeting hEGF protein to the thylakoid lumen by adding a transit peptide (Str). Following this approach, we could detect thylakoid lumen-targeted hEGF by western blotting while stromal accumulation of hEGF remained undetectable. Southern blot analysis confirmed the integration of the transgene through homologous recombination into the plastome. Northern blot analysis showed similar levels of egf transcripts in the EGF and StrEGF lines. These results suggest that higher stability of the hEGF peptide in the thylakoid lumen is the primary cause of the increased accumulation of the recombinant protein observed in StrEGF lines. They also highlight the necessity of exploring different sub-organellar destinations to improve the accumulation levels of a specific recombinant protein in plastids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro M Morgenfeld
- Instituto de Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular "Dr, Héctor Torres" (INGEBI-CONICET), Vuelta de Obligado 2490, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular (FCEN-UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Catalina F Vater
- Instituto de Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular "Dr, Héctor Torres" (INGEBI-CONICET), Vuelta de Obligado 2490, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - E Federico Alfano
- Instituto de Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular "Dr, Héctor Torres" (INGEBI-CONICET), Vuelta de Obligado 2490, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Noelia A Boccardo
- Instituto de Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular "Dr, Héctor Torres" (INGEBI-CONICET), Vuelta de Obligado 2490, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fernando F Bravo-Almonacid
- Instituto de Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular "Dr, Héctor Torres" (INGEBI-CONICET), Vuelta de Obligado 2490, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Bernal, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Saranya V, Radhika R, Shankar R, Vijayakumar S. In silico studies of the inhibition mechanism of dengue with papain. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2020; 39:1912-1927. [PMID: 32249700 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1742205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Dengue virus is becoming a major global disease; the envelope protein is the major target for vaccine development against Dengue. Nowadays, the attention has focused on developing inhibitors based on Papain is a promising target for treating Dengue. In the present work, the theoretical studies of E-protein(Cys74-Glu79;Lys110)…Papain(Cys25, Asn175 and His159) complexes are analysed by Density Functional Theory (M06-2X/cc-pVDZ) method. Among the E-protein(Cys74-Glu79;Lys110)…Papain(Cys25, Asn175 and Hys159) complexes, E-protein(Glu76)…Papain(Cys25) complex has the highest interaction value of -352.22 kcal/mol. Moreover, the natural bond orbital analysis also supports the above results. The 100 ns Molecular Dynamics simulation reveals that, E-protein(Ala54-Ile129)…Papain(Cys25) complex had the lowest root mean square deviation value of 1 Å compared to the E-protein(Ala54-Ile129)… Papain(Asn175 & His159) complexes. The salt bridge formation between the Asp103 and Lys110 residues are the important stabilizing factor in E-protein(Ala54-Ile129)…Papain(Cys25) complex. This result can extend our knowledge of the functional behaviour of Papain and provides structural insight to target Envelope protein as forthcoming drug targets in Dengue.
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van Eerde A, Várnai A, Jameson JK, Paruch L, Moen A, Anonsen JH, Chylenski P, Steen HS, Heldal I, Bock R, Eijsink VGH, Liu‐Clarke J. In-depth characterization of Trichoderma reesei cellobiohydrolase TrCel7A produced in Nicotiana benthamiana reveals limitations of cellulase production in plants by host-specific post-translational modifications. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2020; 18:631-643. [PMID: 31373133 PMCID: PMC7004914 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Sustainable production of biofuels from lignocellulose feedstocks depends on cheap enzymes for degradation of such biomass. Plants offer a safe and cost-effective production platform for biopharmaceuticals, vaccines and industrial enzymes boosting biomass conversion to biofuels. Production of intact and functional protein is a prerequisite for large-scale protein production, and extensive host-specific post-translational modifications (PTMs) often affect the catalytic properties and stability of recombinant enzymes. Here we investigated the impact of plant PTMs on enzyme performance and stability of the major cellobiohydrolase TrCel7A from Trichoderma reesei, an industrially relevant enzyme. TrCel7A was produced in Nicotiana benthamiana using a vacuum-based transient expression technology, and this recombinant enzyme (TrCel7Arec ) was compared with the native fungal enzyme (TrCel7Anat ) in terms of PTMs and catalytic activity on commercial and industrial substrates. We show that the N-terminal glutamate of TrCel7Arec was correctly processed by N. benthamiana to a pyroglutamate, critical for protein structure, while the linker region of TrCel7Arec was vulnerable to proteolytic digestion during protein production due to the absence of O-mannosylation in the plant host as compared with the native protein. In general, the purified full-length TrCel7Arec had 25% lower catalytic activity than TrCel7Anat and impaired substrate-binding properties, which can be attributed to larger N-glycans and lack of O-glycans in TrCel7Arec . All in all, our study reveals that the glycosylation machinery of N. benthamiana needs tailoring to optimize the production of efficient cellulases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anikó Várnai
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food ScienceNorwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU)ÅsNorway
| | - John Kristian Jameson
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food ScienceNorwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU)ÅsNorway
| | - Lisa Paruch
- NIBIONorwegian Institute of Bioeconomy ResearchÅsNorway
| | - Anders Moen
- Department of BiosciencesFaculty of Mathematics and Natural SciencesUniversity of Oslo (UiO)OsloNorway
| | - Jan Haug Anonsen
- Department of BiosciencesFaculty of Mathematics and Natural SciencesUniversity of Oslo (UiO)OsloNorway
| | - Piotr Chylenski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food ScienceNorwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU)ÅsNorway
| | | | - Inger Heldal
- NIBIONorwegian Institute of Bioeconomy ResearchÅsNorway
| | - Ralph Bock
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant PhysiologyPotsdam‐GolmGermany
| | - Vincent G. H. Eijsink
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food ScienceNorwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU)ÅsNorway
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Sathishkumar R, Kumar SR, Hema J, Baskar V. Green Biotechnology: A Brief Update on Plastid Genome Engineering. ADVANCES IN PLANT TRANSGENICS: METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2019. [PMCID: PMC7120283 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-9624-3_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Plant genetic engineering has become an inevitable tool in the molecular breeding of crops. Significant progress has been made in the generation of novel plastid transformation vectors and optimized transformation protocols. There are several advantages of plastid genome engineering over conventional nuclear transformation. Some of the advantages include multigene engineering by expression of biosynthetic pathway genes as operons, extremely high-level expression of protein accumulation, lack of transgene silencing, etc. Transgene containment owing to maternal inheritance is another important advantage of plastid genome engineering. Chloroplast genome modification usually results in alteration of several thousand plastid genome copies in a cell. Several therapeutic proteins, edible vaccines, antimicrobial peptides, and industrially important enzymes have been successfully expressed in chloroplasts so far. Here, we critically recapitulate the latest developments in plastid genome engineering. Latest advancements in plastid genome sequencing are briefed. In addition, advancement of extending the toolbox for plastid engineering for selected applications in the area of molecular farming and production of industrially important enzyme is briefed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramalingam Sathishkumar
- Plant Genetic Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu India
| | | | - Jagadeesan Hema
- Department of Biotechnology, PSG College of Technology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu India
| | - Venkidasamy Baskar
- Plant Genetic Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu India
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