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Zhang S, Yan C, Lu T, Fan Y, Ren Y, Zhao J, Shan X, Guan Y, Song P, Li D, Hu H. New insights into molecular features of the genome-wide AOX family and their responses to various stresses in common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Gene 2023; 888:147756. [PMID: 37659597 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
Alternative oxidase (AOX) is an important terminal oxidase involved in the alternative oxidation pathway in plants, which is closely related to various biotic and abiotic stress responses. However, a comprehensive research on AOX gene family of wheat is still lacking. In this study, the members of wheat AOX (TaAOX) family were identified, and their molecular characteristics and gene expression patterns were systematically investigated. Seventeen TaAOX genes were identified from Chinese Spring (CS) genome, which were mapped on 7 chromosomes and mainly clustered on the long arm's distal end of the second homologous groups. Phylogenetic analysis showed that TaAOX genes were classified into four subgroups (Ia, Ib, Ic, and Id), and the Ia subgroup possessed the most members. Tandem duplication and segmental duplication events were found during the evolution of TaAOX genes and they were affected by purifying selection demonstrated by Ka/Ks analysis. The exon numbers of this family gene varied greatly from 1 to 9. Except for Ta3BSAOX14, all the proteins encoded by the other 16 TaAOX genes contained the amino acid residues of the key active sites in the AOX domain (cd01053). The expression patterns of TaAOX genes in various tissues and under abiotic and biotic stresses were analyzed using public transcriptome data, furthermore, qRT-PCR analysis was performed for some selected TaAOX genes, and the results suggested that most members of this gene family play an important role in response to different stresses in common wheat. Our results provide basic information and valuable reference for further exploring the gene function of TaAOX family by using gene editing, RNAi, VIGS, and other technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengli Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan, China; Henan Engineering Research Center of Crop Genome Editing, Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Biological Breeding, Xinxiang, Henan, China.
| | - Cuiping Yan
- School of Life Sciences, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan, China; Henan Engineering Research Center of Crop Genome Editing, Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Biological Breeding, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Tairui Lu
- School of Life Sciences, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan, China; Henan Engineering Research Center of Crop Genome Editing, Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Biological Breeding, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Yuchao Fan
- School of Life Sciences, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan, China; Henan Engineering Research Center of Crop Genome Editing, Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Biological Breeding, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Yueming Ren
- School of Life Sciences, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan, China; Henan Engineering Research Center of Crop Genome Editing, Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Biological Breeding, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Jishun Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan, China; Henan Engineering Research Center of Crop Genome Editing, Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Biological Breeding, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Xiaojing Shan
- School of Life Sciences, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan, China; Henan Engineering Research Center of Crop Genome Editing, Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Biological Breeding, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Yuanyuan Guan
- School of Life Sciences, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan, China; Henan Engineering Research Center of Crop Genome Editing, Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Biological Breeding, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Puwen Song
- School of Life Sciences, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan, China; Henan Engineering Research Center of Crop Genome Editing, Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Biological Breeding, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Dongfang Li
- School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Haiyan Hu
- School of Life Sciences, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan, China; Henan Engineering Research Center of Crop Genome Editing, Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Biological Breeding, Xinxiang, Henan, China
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Sevilla F, Martí MC, De Brasi-Velasco S, Jiménez A. Redox regulation, thioredoxins, and glutaredoxins in retrograde signalling and gene transcription. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:5955-5969. [PMID: 37453076 PMCID: PMC10575703 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Integration of reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated signal transduction pathways via redox sensors and the thiol-dependent signalling network is of increasing interest in cell biology for their implications in plant growth and productivity. Redox regulation is an important point of control in protein structure, interactions, cellular location, and function, with thioredoxins (TRXs) and glutaredoxins (GRXs) being key players in the maintenance of cellular redox homeostasis. The crosstalk between second messengers, ROS, thiol redox signalling, and redox homeostasis-related genes controls almost every aspect of plant development and stress response. We review the emerging roles of TRXs and GRXs in redox-regulated processes interacting with other cell signalling systems such as organellar retrograde communication and gene expression, especially in plants during their development and under stressful environments. This approach will cast light on the specific role of these proteins as redox signalling components, and their importance in different developmental processes during abiotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisca Sevilla
- Abiotic Stress, Production and Quality Laboratory, Department of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, CEBAS-CSIC, Murcia, Spain
| | - Maria Carmen Martí
- Abiotic Stress, Production and Quality Laboratory, Department of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, CEBAS-CSIC, Murcia, Spain
| | - Sabrina De Brasi-Velasco
- Abiotic Stress, Production and Quality Laboratory, Department of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, CEBAS-CSIC, Murcia, Spain
| | - Ana Jiménez
- Abiotic Stress, Production and Quality Laboratory, Department of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, CEBAS-CSIC, Murcia, Spain
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Amthor JS. ATP yield of plant respiration: potential, actual and unknown. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2023; 132:133-162. [PMID: 37409716 PMCID: PMC10550282 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcad075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The ATP yield of plant respiration (ATP/hexose unit respired) quantitatively links active heterotrophic processes with substrate consumption. Despite its importance, plant respiratory ATP yield is uncertain. The aim here was to integrate current knowledge of cellular mechanisms with inferences required to fill knowledge gaps to generate a contemporary estimate of respiratory ATP yield and identify important unknowns. METHOD A numerical balance sheet model combining respiratory carbon metabolism and electron transport pathways with uses of the resulting transmembrane electrochemical proton gradient was created and parameterized for healthy, non-photosynthesizing plant cells catabolizing sucrose or starch to produce cytosolic ATP. KEY RESULTS Mechanistically, the number of c subunits in the mitochondrial ATP synthase Fo sector c-ring, which is unquantified in plants, affects ATP yield. A value of 10 was (justifiably) used in the model, in which case respiration of sucrose potentially yields about 27.5 ATP/hexose (0.5 ATP/hexose more from starch). Actual ATP yield often will be smaller than its potential due to bypasses of energy-conserving reactions in the respiratory chain, even in unstressed plants. Notably, all else being optimal, if 25 % of respiratory O2 uptake is via the alternative oxidase - a typically observed fraction - ATP yield falls 15 % below its potential. CONCLUSIONS Plant respiratory ATP yield is smaller than often assumed (certainly less than older textbook values of 36-38 ATP/hexose) leading to underestimation of active-process substrate requirements. This hinders understanding of ecological/evolutionary trade-offs between competing active processes and assessments of crop growth gains possible through bioengineering of processes that consume ATP. Determining the plant mitochondrial ATP synthase c-ring size, the degree of any minimally required (useful) bypasses of energy-conserving reactions in the respiratory chain, and the magnitude of any 'leaks' in the inner mitochondrial membrane are key research needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Amthor
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society and Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA
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Yadav P, Ansari MW, Kaula BC, Rao YR, Meselmani MA, Siddiqui ZH, Brajendra, Kumar SB, Rani V, Sarkar A, Rakwal R, Gill SS, Tuteja N. Regulation of ethylene metabolism in tomato under salinity stress involving linkages with important physiological signaling pathways. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 334:111736. [PMID: 37211221 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The tomato is well-known for its anti-oxidative and anti-cancer properties, and with a wide range of health benefits is an important cash crop for human well-being. However, environmental stresses (especially abiotic) are having a deleterious effect on plant growth and productivity, including tomato. In this review, authors describe how salinity stress imposes risk consequences on growth and developmental processes of tomato through toxicity by ethylene (ET) and cyanide (HCN), and ionic, oxidative, and osmotic stresses. Recent research has clarified how salinity stress induced-ACS and - β-CAS expressions stimulate the accumulation of ET and HCN, wherein the action of salicylic acid (SA),compatible solutes (CSs), polyamines (PAs) and ET inhibitors (ETIs) regulate ET and HCN metabolism. Here we emphasize how ET, SA and PA cooperates with mitochondrial alternating oxidase (AOX), salt overly sensitive (SOS) pathways and the antioxidants (ANTOX) system to better understand the salinity stress resistance mechanism. The current literature evaluated in this paper provides an overview of salinity stress resistance mechanism involving synchronized routes of ET metabolism by SA and PAs, connecting regulated network of central physiological processes governing through the action of AOX, β-CAS, SOS and ANTOX pathways, which might be crucial for the development of tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Yadav
- Department of Botany, Zakir Husain Delhi College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohammad Wahid Ansari
- Department of Botany, Zakir Husain Delhi College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India.
| | - Babeeta C Kaula
- Department of Botany, Zakir Husain Delhi College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Yalaga Rama Rao
- Department of Biotechnology, Vignan's Foundation for Science, Technology & Research, Vadlamudi, Guntur 522213, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Moaed Al Meselmani
- School of Biosciences, Alfred Denny Building, Grantham Centre, The University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, England, UK
| | | | - Brajendra
- Division of Soil Science, ICAR-IIRR, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Shashi Bhushan Kumar
- Department of Soil Science, Birsa Agricultural University, Kanke, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - Varsha Rani
- Department of Crop Physiology, Birsa Agricultural University, Kanke, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - Abhijit Sarkar
- Department of Botany, University of GourBanga, Malda 732103, West Bengal, India
| | - Randeep Rakwal
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Sarvajeet Singh Gill
- Stress Physiology and Molecular Biology Lab, Centre for Biotechnology, MD University, Rohtak 124001, India
| | - Narendra Tuteja
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India.
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Hu D, Li R, Dong S, Zhang J, Zhao B, Ren B, Ren H, Yao H, Wang Z, Liu P. Maize (Zea mays L.) responses to salt stress in terms of root anatomy, respiration and antioxidative enzyme activity. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:602. [PMID: 36539687 PMCID: PMC9764725 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03972-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Soil salt stress is a problem in the world, which turns into one of the main limiting factors hindering maize production. Salinity significantly affects root physiological processes in maize plants. There are few studies, however, that analyses the response of maize to salt stress in terms of the development of root anatomy and respiration. RESULTS We found that the leaf relative water content, photosynthetic characteristics, and catalase activity exhibited a significantly decrease of salt stress treatments. However, salt stress treatments caused the superoxide dismutase activity, peroxidase activity, malondialdehyde content, Na+ uptake and translocation rate to be higher than that of control treatments. The detrimental effect of salt stress on YY7 variety was more pronounced than that of JNY658. Under salt stress, the number of root cortical aerenchyma in salt-tolerant JNY658 plants was significantly higher than that of control, as well as a larger cortical cell size and a lower root cortical cell file number, all of which help to maintain higher biomass. The total respiration rate of two varieties exposed to salt stress was lower than that of control treatment, while the alternate oxidative respiration rate was higher, and the root response of JNY658 plants was significant. Under salt stress, the roots net Na+ and K+ efflux rates of two varieties were higher than those of the control treatment, where the strength of net Na+ efflux rate from the roots of JNY658 plants and the net K+ efflux rate from roots of YY7 plants was remarkable. The increase in efflux rates reduced the Na+ toxicity of the root and helped to maintain its ion balance. CONCLUSION These results demonstrated that salt-tolerant maize varieties incur a relatively low metabolic cost required to establish a higher root cortical aerenchyma, larger cortical cell size and lower root cortical cell file number, significantly reduced the total respiration rate, and that it also increased the alternate oxidative respiration rate, thereby counteracting the detrimental effect of oxidative damage on root respiration of root growth. In addition, Na+ uptake on the root surface decreased, the translocation of Na+ to the rest of the plant was constrained and the level of Na+ accumulation in leaves significantly reduced under salt stress, thus preempting salt-stress induced impediments to the formation of shoot biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Hu
- College of Agronomy, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongfa Li
- College of Agronomy, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuting Dong
- College of Agronomy, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiwang Zhang
- College of Agronomy, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Zhao
- College of Agronomy, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, People's Republic of China
| | - Baizhao Ren
- College of Agronomy, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Ren
- College of Agronomy, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyan Yao
- Agricultural Technology Extension Center of Wudi, Binzhou, Shandong, 251900, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziqiang Wang
- Binzhou Academy of Agricultural Science, Binzhou, Shandong, 256603, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Liu
- College of Agronomy, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, People's Republic of China.
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Wang X, Geng X, Bi X, Li R, Chen Y, Lu C. Genome-wide identification of AOX family genes in Moso bamboo and functional analysis of PeAOX1b_2 in drought and salinity stress tolerance. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2022; 41:2321-2339. [PMID: 36063182 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-022-02923-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Five PeAOX genes from Moso bamboo genome were identified. PeAOX1b_2-OE improved tolerance to drought and salinity stress in Arabidopsis, indicating it is involved in positive regulation of abiotic stress response. Mitochondrial alternative oxidase (AOX), the important respiratory terminal oxidase in organisms, catalyzes the energy wasteful cyanide (CN)-resistant respiration, which can improve abiotic stresses tolerance and is considered as one of the functional markers for plant resistance breeding. Here, a total of five putative AOX genes (PeAOXs) were identified and characterized in a monocotyledonous woody grass Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that PeAOXs belonged to AOX1 subfamily, and were named PeAOX1a_1, PeAOX1a_2, PeAOX1b_1, PeAOX1b_2 and PeAOX1c, respectively. Evolutionary and divergence patterns analysis revealed that the PeAOX, OsAOX, and BdAOX families experienced positive purifying selection and may have undergone a large-scale duplication event roughly 1.35-155.90 million years ago. Additionally, the organ-specific expression analysis showed that 80% of PeAOX members were mainly expressed in leaf. Promoter sequence analysis of PeAOXs revealed cis-acting regulatory elements (CAREs) responding to abiotic stress. Most PeAOX genes were significantly upregulated after methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and abscisic acid (ABA) treatment. Moreover, under salinity and drought stresses, the ectopic overexpression of PeAOX1b_2 in Arabidopsis enhanced seed germination and seedling establishment, increased the total respiratory rate and the proportion of AOX respiratory pathway in leaf, and enhanced antioxidant ability, suggesting that PeAOX1b_2 is crucial for abiotic stress resistance in Moso bamboo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xin Geng
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xiaorui Bi
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Rongchen Li
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yuzhen Chen
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Cunfu Lu
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
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Sweetman C, Waterman CD, Wong DC, Day DA, Jenkins CL, Soole KL. Altering the balance between AOX1A and NDB2 expression affects a common set of transcripts in Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:876843. [PMID: 36466234 PMCID: PMC9716356 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.876843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Stress-responsive components of the mitochondrial alternative electron transport pathway have the capacity to improve tolerance of plants to abiotic stress, particularly the alternative oxidase AOX1A but also external NAD(P)H dehydrogenases such as NDB2, in Arabidopsis. NDB2 and AOX1A can cooperate to entirely circumvent the classical electron transport chain in Arabidopsis mitochondria. Overexpression of AOX1A or NDB2 alone can have slightly negative impacts on plant growth under optimal conditions, while simultaneous overexpression of NDB2 and AOX1A can reverse these phenotypic effects. We have taken a global transcriptomic approach to better understand the molecular shifts that occur due to overexpression of AOX1A alone and with concomitant overexpression of NDB2. Of the transcripts that were significantly up- or down- regulated in the AOX1A overexpression line compared to wild type (410 and 408, respectively), the majority (372 and 337, respectively) reverted to wild type levels in the dual overexpression line. Several mechanisms for the AOX1A overexpression phenotype are proposed based on the functional classification of these 709 genes, which can be used to guide future experiments. Only 28 genes were uniquely up- or down-regulated when NDB2 was overexpressed in the AOX1A overexpression line. On the other hand, many unique genes were deregulated in the NDB2 knockout line. Furthermore, several changes in transcript abundance seen in the NDB2 knockout line were consistent with changes in the AOX1A overexpression line. The results suggest that an imbalance in AOX1A:NDB2 protein levels caused by under- or over-expression of either component, triggers a common set of transcriptional responses that may be important in mitochondrial redox regulation. The most significant changes were transcripts associated with photosynthesis, secondary metabolism and oxidative stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crystal Sweetman
- College of Science & Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, Australia
| | | | - Darren C.J. Wong
- College of Science, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - David A. Day
- College of Science & Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, Australia
| | - Colin L.D. Jenkins
- College of Science & Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, Australia
| | - Kathleen L. Soole
- College of Science & Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, Australia
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Del-Saz NF, Iglesias-Sanchez A, Alonso-Forn D, López-Gómez M, Palma F, Clemente-Moreno MJ, Fernie AR, Ribas-Carbo M, Florez-Sarasa I. The Lack of Alternative Oxidase 1a Restricts in vivo Respiratory Activity and Stress-Related Metabolism for Leaf Osmoprotection and Redox Balancing Under Sudden Acute Water and Salt Stress in Arabidopsis thaliana. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:833113. [PMID: 35656009 PMCID: PMC9152546 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.833113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In plants salt and water stress result in an induction of respiration and accumulation of stress-related metabolites (SRMs) with osmoregulation and osmoprotection functions that benefit photosynthesis. The synthesis of SRMs may depend on an active respiratory metabolism, which can be restricted under stress by the inhibition of the cytochrome oxidase pathway (COP), thus causing an increase in the reduction level of the ubiquinone pool. However, the activity of the alternative oxidase pathway (AOP) is thought to prevent this from occurring while at the same time, dissipates excess of reducing power from the chloroplast and thereby improves photosynthetic performance. The present research is based on the hypothesis that the accumulation of SRMs under osmotic stress will be affected by changes in folial AOP activity. To test this, the oxygen isotope-fractionation technique was used to study the in vivo respiratory activities of COP and AOP in leaves of wild-type Arabidopsis thaliana plants and of aox1a mutants under sudden acute stress conditions induced by mannitol and salt treatments. Levels of leaf primary metabolites and transcripts of respiratory-related proteins were also determined in parallel to photosynthetic analyses. The lack of in vivo AOP response in the aox1a mutants coincided with a lower leaf relative water content and a decreased accumulation of crucial osmoregulators. Additionally, levels of oxidative stress-related metabolites and transcripts encoding alternative respiratory components were increased. Coordinated changes in metabolite levels, respiratory activities and photosynthetic performance highlight the contribution of the AOP in providing flexibility to carbon metabolism for the accumulation of SRMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Néstor F. Del-Saz
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | | | - David Alonso-Forn
- Unidad de Recursos Forestales, Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | - Francisco Palma
- Department of Plant Physiology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - María José Clemente-Moreno
- Grup de Recerca en Biologia de les Plantes en Condicions Mediterranies, Departament de Biologia, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma, Spain
| | | | - Miquel Ribas-Carbo
- Grup de Recerca en Biologia de les Plantes en Condicions Mediterranies, Departament de Biologia, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma, Spain
| | - Igor Florez-Sarasa
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca i Tecnología Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Edifici CRAG, Barcelona, Spain
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9
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Sweetman C, Selinski J, Miller TK, Whelan J, Day DA. Legume Alternative Oxidase Isoforms Show Differential Sensitivity to Pyruvate Activation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 12:813691. [PMID: 35111186 PMCID: PMC8801435 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.813691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Alternative oxidase (AOX) is an important component of the plant respiratory pathway, enabling a route for electrons that bypasses the energy-conserving, ROS-producing complexes of the mitochondrial electron transport chain. Plants contain numerous isoforms of AOX, classified as either AOX1 or AOX2. AOX1 isoforms have received the most attention due to their importance in stress responses across a wide range of species. However, the propensity for at least one isoform of AOX2 to accumulate to very high levels in photosynthetic tissues of all legumes studied to date, suggests that this isoform has specialized roles, but we know little of its properties. Previous studies with sub-mitochondrial particles of soybean cotyledons and roots indicated that differential expression of GmAOX1, GmAOX2A, and GmAOX2D across tissues might confer different activation kinetics with pyruvate. We have investigated this using recombinantly expressed isoforms of soybean AOX in a previously described bacterial system (Selinski et al., 2016, Physiologia Plantarum 157, 264-279). Pyruvate activation kinetics were similar between the two GmAOX2 isoforms but differed substantially from those of GmAOX1, suggesting that selective expression of AOX1 and 2 could determine the level of AOX activity. However, this alone cannot completely explain the differences seen in sub-mitochondrial particles isolated from different legume tissues and possible reasons for this are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crystal Sweetman
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, Australia
| | - Jennifer Selinski
- Department of Plant Cell Biology, Botanical Institute, Christian-Albrecht University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Troy K. Miller
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, Australia
| | - James Whelan
- Department of Animal, Plant, and Soil Science, School of Soil Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - David A. Day
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, Australia
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10
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Del-Saz NF, Douthe C, Carriquí M, Ortíz J, Sanhueza C, Rivas-Medina A, McDonald A, Fernie AR, Ribas-Carbo M, Gago J, Florez-Sarasa I, Flexas J. Different Metabolic Roles for Alternative Oxidase in Leaves of Palustrine and Terrestrial Species. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:752795. [PMID: 34804092 PMCID: PMC8600120 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.752795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The alternative oxidase pathway (AOP) is associated with excess energy dissipation in leaves of terrestrial plants. To address whether this association is less important in palustrine plants, we compared the role of AOP in balancing energy and carbon metabolism in palustrine and terrestrial environments by identifying metabolic relationships between primary carbon metabolites and AOP in each habitat. We measured oxygen isotope discrimination during respiration, gas exchange, and metabolite profiles in aerial leaves of ten fern and angiosperm species belonging to five families organized as pairs of palustrine and terrestrial species. We performed a partial least square model combined with variable importance for projection to reveal relationships between the electron partitioning to the AOP (τa) and metabolite levels. Terrestrial plants showed higher values of net photosynthesis (AN) and τa, together with stronger metabolic relationships between τa and sugars, important for water conservation. Palustrine plants showed relationships between τa and metabolites related to the shikimate pathway and the GABA shunt, to be important for heterophylly. Excess energy dissipation via AOX is less crucial in palustrine environments than on land. The basis of this difference resides in the contrasting photosynthetic performance observed in each environment, thus reinforcing the importance of AOP for photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nestor Fernandez Del-Saz
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal, Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Cyril Douthe
- Research Group on Plant Biology Under Mediterranean Conditions, Departament de Biologia, Institute of Agro-Environmental Research and Water Economy, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Illes Balears, Spain
| | - Marc Carriquí
- Research Group on Plant Biology Under Mediterranean Conditions, Departament de Biologia, Institute of Agro-Environmental Research and Water Economy, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Illes Balears, Spain
| | - Jose Ortíz
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal, Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Carolina Sanhueza
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal, Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Alicia Rivas-Medina
- Departamento de Ingeniería Topográfica y Cartografía, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros en Topografía, Geodesia y Cartografía, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Allison McDonald
- Department of Biology, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Alisdair R. Fernie
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Miquel Ribas-Carbo
- Research Group on Plant Biology Under Mediterranean Conditions, Departament de Biologia, Institute of Agro-Environmental Research and Water Economy, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Illes Balears, Spain
| | - Jorge Gago
- Research Group on Plant Biology Under Mediterranean Conditions, Departament de Biologia, Institute of Agro-Environmental Research and Water Economy, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Illes Balears, Spain
| | - Igor Florez-Sarasa
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca i Tecnología Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Edifici CRAG, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jaume Flexas
- Research Group on Plant Biology Under Mediterranean Conditions, Departament de Biologia, Institute of Agro-Environmental Research and Water Economy, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Illes Balears, Spain
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11
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Effect of Salt Stress on the Expression and Promoter Methylation of the Genes Encoding the Mitochondrial and Cytosolic Forms of Aconitase and Fumarase in Maize. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22116012. [PMID: 34199464 PMCID: PMC8199617 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22116012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The influence of salt stress on gene expression, promoter methylation, and enzymatic activity of the mitochondrial and cytosolic forms of aconitase and fumarase has been investigated in maize (Zea mays L.) seedlings. The incubation of maize seedlings in 150-mM NaCl solution resulted in a several-fold increase of the mitochondrial activities of aconitase and fumarase that peaked at 6 h of NaCl treatment, while the cytosolic activity of aconitase and fumarase decreased. This corresponded to the decrease in promoter methylation of the genes Aco1 and Fum1 encoding the mitochondrial forms of these enzymes and the increase in promoter methylation of the genes Aco2 and Fum2 encoding the cytosolic forms. The pattern of expression of the genes encoding the mitochondrial forms of aconitase and fumarase corresponded to the profile of the increase of the stress marker gene ZmCOI6.1. It is concluded that the mitochondrial and cytosolic forms of aconitase and fumarase are regulated via the epigenetic mechanism of promoter methylation of their genes in the opposite ways in response to salt stress. The role of the mitochondrial isoforms of aconitase and fumarase in the elevation of respiration under salt stress is discussed.
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12
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Filippou P, Zarza X, Antoniou C, Obata T, Villarroel CA, Ganopoulos I, Harokopos V, Gohari G, Aidinis V, Madesis P, Christou A, Fernie AR, Tiburcio AF, Fotopoulos V. Systems biology reveals key tissue-specific metabolic and transcriptional signatures involved in the response of Medicago truncatula plant genotypes to salt stress. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2021; 19:2133-2147. [PMID: 33995908 PMCID: PMC8085674 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2021.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Τhe response of different Medicago truncatula genotypes to salt stress was examined. Systems biology revealed tissue-specific metabolic and transcriptional signatures. RFO metabolites linked with tolerance were identified. Several genes belonging to the TIR-NBS-LRR class were linked with hyper-sensitivity.
Salt stress is an important factor limiting plant productivity by affecting plant physiology and metabolism. To explore salt tolerance adaptive mechanisms in the model legume Medicago truncatula, we used three genotypes with differential salt-sensitivity: TN6.18 (highly sensitive), Jemalong A17 (moderately sensitive), and TN1.11 (tolerant). Cellular damage was monitored in roots and leaves 48 h after 200 mM NaCl treatment by measuring lipid peroxidation, nitric oxide, and hydrogen peroxide contents, further supported by leaf stomatal conductance and chlorophyll readings. The salt-tolerant genotype TN1.11 displayed the lowest level of oxidative damage, in contrast to the salt sensitive TN6.18, which showed the highest responses. Metabolite profiling was employed to explore the differential genotype-related responses to stress at the molecular level. The metabolic data in the salt tolerant TN1.11 roots revealed an accumulation of metabolites related to the raffinose pathway. To further investigate the sensitivity to salinity, global transcriptomic profiling using microarray analysis was carried out on the salt-stressed sensitive genotypes. In TN6.18, the transcriptomic analysis identified a lower expression of many genes related to stress signalling, not previously linked to salinity, and corresponding to the TIR-NBS-LRR gene class. Overall, this global approach contributes to gaining significant new insights into the complexity of stress adaptive mechanisms and to the identification of potential targets for crop improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiota Filippou
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology, and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Xavier Zarza
- Department of Natural Products, Plant Biology and Soil Science, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Chrystalla Antoniou
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology, and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Toshihiro Obata
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | | | - Ioannis Ganopoulos
- Hellenic Agricultural Organization DEMETER, Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources- IPB&GR, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Vaggelis Harokopos
- Institute of Immunology, Biomedical Sciences Research Center Alexander Fleming, 34 Fleming Street, 16672 Athens, Greece
| | - Gholamreza Gohari
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Vassilis Aidinis
- Institute of Immunology, Biomedical Sciences Research Center Alexander Fleming, 34 Fleming Street, 16672 Athens, Greece
| | | | | | - Alisdair R. Fernie
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Antonio F. Tiburcio
- Department of Natural Products, Plant Biology and Soil Science, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vasileios Fotopoulos
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology, and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, Cyprus
- Corresponding author.
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13
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Analin B, Mohanan A, Bakka K, Challabathula D. Cytochrome oxidase and alternative oxidase pathways of mitochondrial electron transport chain are important for the photosynthetic performance of pea plants under salinity stress conditions. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 154:248-259. [PMID: 32570012 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The flexible plant mitochondrial electron transport chain with cytochrome c oxidase (COX) and alternative oxidase (AOX) pathways is known to be modulated by abiotic stress conditions. The effect of salinity stress on the mitochondrial electron transport chain and the importance of COX and AOX pathways for optimization of photosynthesis under salinity stress conditions is not clearly understood. In the current study, importance of COX and AOX pathways for photosynthetic performance of pea plants (Pisum sativum L. Pea Arkel cv) was analysed by using the mitochondrial electron transport chain inhibitors Antimycin A (AA) and salicylhydroxamic acid (SHAM) which restrict the electron flow through COX and AOX pathways respectively. Salinity stress resulted in decreased CO2 assimilation rates, leaf stomatal conductance, transpiration and leaf intercellular CO2 concentration in a stress dependent manner. Superimposition of leaves of salt stressed plants with AA and SHAM caused cellular H2O2 and O2- accumulation along with cell death. Additionally, aggravation in decrease of CO2 assimilation rates, leaf stomatal conductance, transpiration and leaf intercellular CO2 concentration upon superimposition with AA and SHAM during salinity stress suggests the importance of mitochondrial oxidative electron transport for photosynthesis. Increased expression of AOX1a and AOX2 transcripts along with AOX protein levels indicated up regulation of AOX pathway in leaves during salinity stress. Chlorophyll fluorescence measurements revealed enhanced damage to Photosystem (PS) II in the presence of AA and SHAM during salinity stress. Results suggested the beneficial role of COX and AOX pathways for optimal photosynthetic performance in pea leaves during salinity stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedict Analin
- Plant Molecular Stress Physiology Research Group, Department of Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, 610 005, India
| | - Akhil Mohanan
- Plant Molecular Stress Physiology Research Group, Department of Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, 610 005, India
| | - Kavya Bakka
- Plant Molecular Stress Physiology Research Group, Department of Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, 610 005, India
| | - Dinakar Challabathula
- Plant Molecular Stress Physiology Research Group, Department of Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, 610 005, India.
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14
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Batnini M, Fernández Del-Saz N, Fullana-Pericàs M, Palma F, Haddoudi I, Mrabet M, Ribas-Carbo M, Mhadhbi H. The alternative oxidase pathway is involved in optimizing photosynthesis in Medicago truncatula infected by Fusarium oxysporum and Rhizoctonia solani. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2020; 169:600-611. [PMID: 32108952 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Phytopathogen infection alters primary metabolism status and plant development. The alternative oxidase (AOX) has been hypothesized to increase under pathogen attack preventing reductions, thus optimizing photosynthesis and growth. In this study, two genotypes of Medicago truncatula, one relatively resistant (Jemalong A17) and one susceptible (TN1.11), were infected with Fusarium oxysporum and Rhizoctonia solani. The in vivo foliar respiratory activities of the cytochrome oxidase pathway (COP) and the alternative oxidase pathway (AOP) were measured using the oxygen isotope fractionation. Gas exchange and photosynthesis-related parameters were measured and calculated together with antioxidant enzymes activities and organic acids contents. Our results show that the in vivo activity of AOX (valt ) plays a role under fungal infection. When infected with R. solani, the increase of valt in A17 was concomitant to an increase in net assimilation, in mesophyll conductance, to an improvement in the maximum velocity of Rubisco carboxylation and to unchanged malate content. However, under F. oxysporum infection, the induced valt was accompanied by an enhancement in the antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD; EC1.15.1.1), catalase (CAT; EC1.11.1.6) and guaiacol peroxidase (GPX; EC1.11.1.7), activities and to an unchanged tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates. These results provide new insight into the role of the in vivo activity of AOX in coordinating primary metabolism interactions that, partly, modulate the relative resistance of M. truncatula to diseases caused by soil-borne pathogenic fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Batnini
- Laboratory of Legumes, Center of Biotechnology of Borj Cedria, Hammamlif, Tunisia
- Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, 2092, Tunisia
| | - Néstor Fernández Del-Saz
- Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Mateu Fullana-Pericàs
- Grup de Recerca en Biologia de les Plantes en Condicions Mediterranies, Departament de Biologia, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca, 07122, Spain
| | - Francisco Palma
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of sciences, University of Granada, Granada, 18071, Spain
| | - Imen Haddoudi
- Laboratory of Legumes, Center of Biotechnology of Borj Cedria, Hammamlif, Tunisia
- Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, 2092, Tunisia
| | - Moncef Mrabet
- Laboratory of Legumes, Center of Biotechnology of Borj Cedria, Hammamlif, Tunisia
| | - Miquel Ribas-Carbo
- Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Haythem Mhadhbi
- Laboratory of Legumes, Center of Biotechnology of Borj Cedria, Hammamlif, Tunisia
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15
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Foster KJ, Miklavcic SJ. A Comprehensive Biophysical Model of Ion and Water Transport in Plant Roots. III. Quantifying the Energy Costs of Ion Transport in Salt-Stressed Roots of Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:865. [PMID: 32719693 PMCID: PMC7348042 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Salt stress defense mechanisms in plant roots, such as active Na+ efflux and storage, require energy in the form of ATP. Understanding the energy required for these transport mechanisms is an important step toward achieving an understanding of salt tolerance. However, accurate measurements of the fluxes required to estimate these energy costs are difficult to achieve by experimental means. As a result, the magnitude of the energy costs of ion transport in salt-stressed roots relative to the available energy is unclear, as are the relative contributions of different defense mechanisms to the total cost. We used mathematical modeling to address three key questions about the energy costs of ion transport in salt-stressed Arabidopsis roots: are the energy requirements calculated on the basis of flux data feasible; which transport steps are the main contributors to the total energy costs; and which transport processes could be altered to minimize the total energy costs? Using our biophysical model of ion and water transport we calculated the energy expended in the trans-plasma membrane and trans-tonoplast transport of Na+, K+, Cl-, and H+ in different regions of a salt-stressed model Arabidopsis root. Our calculated energy costs exceeded experimental estimates of the energy supplied by root respiration for high external NaCl concentrations. We found that Na+ exclusion from, and Cl- uptake into, the outer root were the major contributors to the total energy expended. Reducing the leakage of Na+ and the active uptake of Cl- across outer root plasma membranes would lower energy costs while enhancing exclusion of these ions. The high energy cost of ion transport in roots demonstrates that the energetic consequences of altering ion transport processes should be considered when attempting to improve salt tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stanley J. Miklavcic
- Phenomics and Bioinformatics Research Centre, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, WA, Australia
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16
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Ortíz J, Sanhueza C, Romero-Munar A, Hidalgo-Castellanos J, Castro C, Bascuñán-Godoy L, Coba de la Peña T, López-Gómez M, Florez-Sarasa I, Del-Saz NF. In Vivo Metabolic Regulation of Alternative Oxidase under Nutrient Deficiency-Interaction with Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Rhizobium Bacteria. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4201. [PMID: 32545597 PMCID: PMC7349880 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The interaction of the alternative oxidase (AOX) pathway with nutrient metabolism is important for understanding how respiration modulates ATP synthesis and carbon economy in plants under nutrient deficiency. Although AOX activity reduces the energy yield of respiration, this enzymatic activity is upregulated under stress conditions to maintain the functioning of primary metabolism. The in vivo metabolic regulation of AOX activity by phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) and during plant symbioses with Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and Rhizobium bacteria is still not fully understood. We highlight several findings and open questions concerning the in vivo regulation of AOX activity and its impact on plant metabolism during P deficiency and symbiosis with AMF. We also highlight the need for the identification of which metabolic regulatory factors of AOX activity are related to N availability and nitrogen-fixing legume-rhizobia symbiosis in order to improve our understanding of N assimilation and biological nitrogen fixation.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Ortíz
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal, Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, 4030000 Concepción, Chile; (J.O.); (C.S.); (C.C.); (L.B.-G.)
| | - Carolina Sanhueza
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal, Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, 4030000 Concepción, Chile; (J.O.); (C.S.); (C.C.); (L.B.-G.)
| | - Antònia Romero-Munar
- Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Fruticultura (CEAF), Camino Las Parcelas 882, km 105 Ruta 5 Sur. Sector los Choapinos, 2940000 Rengo, Chile;
| | - Javier Hidalgo-Castellanos
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of sciences, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (J.H.-C.); (M.L.-G.)
| | - Catalina Castro
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal, Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, 4030000 Concepción, Chile; (J.O.); (C.S.); (C.C.); (L.B.-G.)
| | - Luisa Bascuñán-Godoy
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal, Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, 4030000 Concepción, Chile; (J.O.); (C.S.); (C.C.); (L.B.-G.)
| | | | - Miguel López-Gómez
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of sciences, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (J.H.-C.); (M.L.-G.)
| | - Igor Florez-Sarasa
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Néstor Fernández Del-Saz
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal, Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, 4030000 Concepción, Chile; (J.O.); (C.S.); (C.C.); (L.B.-G.)
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17
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Vanlerberghe GC, Dahal K, Alber NA, Chadee A. Photosynthesis, respiration and growth: A carbon and energy balancing act for alternative oxidase. Mitochondrion 2020; 52:197-211. [PMID: 32278748 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2020.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes knowledge of alternative oxidase, a mitochondrial electron transport chain component that lowers the ATP yield of plant respiration. Analysis of mutant and transgenic plants has established that alternative oxidase activity supports leaf photosynthesis. The interaction of alternative oxidase respiration with chloroplast metabolism is important under conditions that challenge energy and/or carbon balance in the photosynthetic cell. Under such conditions, alternative oxidase provides an extra-chloroplastic means to optimize the status of chloroplast energy pools (ATP, NADPH) and to manage cellular carbohydrate pools in response to changing rates of carbon fixation and carbon demand for growth and maintenance. Transcriptional and post-translational mechanisms ensure that alternative oxidase can respond effectively when carbon and energy balance are being challenged. This function appears particularly significant under abiotic stress conditions such as water deficit, high salinity, or temperature extremes. Under such conditions, alternative oxidase respiration positively affects growth and stress tolerance, despite it lowering the energy yield and carbon use efficiency of respiration. In part, this beneficial effect relates to the ability of alternative oxidase respiration to prevent excessive reactive oxygen species generation in both mitochondria and chloroplasts. Recent evidence suggests that alternative oxidase respiration is an interesting target for crop improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greg C Vanlerberghe
- Department of Biological Sciences, and Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON M1C1A4, Canada.
| | - Keshav Dahal
- Fredericton Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 850 Lincoln Road, P.O. Box 20280, Fredericton, New Brunswick E3B4Z7, Canada
| | - Nicole A Alber
- Department of Biological Sciences, and Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON M1C1A4, Canada
| | - Avesh Chadee
- Department of Biological Sciences, and Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON M1C1A4, Canada
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18
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Munns R, Day DA, Fricke W, Watt M, Arsova B, Barkla BJ, Bose J, Byrt CS, Chen ZH, Foster KJ, Gilliham M, Henderson SW, Jenkins CLD, Kronzucker HJ, Miklavcic SJ, Plett D, Roy SJ, Shabala S, Shelden MC, Soole KL, Taylor NL, Tester M, Wege S, Wegner LH, Tyerman SD. Energy costs of salt tolerance in crop plants. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 225:1072-1090. [PMID: 31004496 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Agriculture is expanding into regions that are affected by salinity. This review considers the energetic costs of salinity tolerance in crop plants and provides a framework for a quantitative assessment of costs. Different sources of energy, and modifications of root system architecture that would maximize water vs ion uptake are addressed. Energy requirements for transport of salt (NaCl) to leaf vacuoles for osmotic adjustment could be small if there are no substantial leaks back across plasma membrane and tonoplast in root and leaf. The coupling ratio of the H+ -ATPase also is a critical component. One proposed leak, that of Na+ influx across the plasma membrane through certain aquaporin channels, might be coupled to water flow, thus conserving energy. For the tonoplast, control of two types of cation channels is required for energy efficiency. Transporters controlling the Na+ and Cl- concentrations in mitochondria and chloroplasts are largely unknown and could be a major energy cost. The complexity of the system will require a sophisticated modelling approach to identify critical transporters, apoplastic barriers and root structures. This modelling approach will inform experimentation and allow a quantitative assessment of the energy costs of NaCl tolerance to guide breeding and engineering of molecular components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana Munns
- Australian Research Council (ARC) Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, and School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - David A Day
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, South Australia, 5001, Australia
| | - Wieland Fricke
- School of Biology and Environmental Sciences, University College Dublin (UCD), Dublin, 4, Ireland
| | - Michelle Watt
- Plant Sciences, Institute of Bio and Geosciences, Forschungszentrum Juelich, Helmholtz Association, 52425, Juelich, Germany
| | - Borjana Arsova
- Plant Sciences, Institute of Bio and Geosciences, Forschungszentrum Juelich, Helmholtz Association, 52425, Juelich, Germany
| | - Bronwyn J Barkla
- Southern Cross Plant Science, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW, 2481, Australia
| | - Jayakumar Bose
- Australian Research Council (ARC) Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia
| | - Caitlin S Byrt
- Australian Research Council (ARC) Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2600, Australia
| | - Zhong-Hua Chen
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Kylie J Foster
- Phenomics and Bioinformatics Research Centre, School of Information Technology and Mathematical Sciences, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA, 5095, Australia
| | - Matthew Gilliham
- Australian Research Council (ARC) Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia
| | - Sam W Henderson
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Agriculture and Food, Urrbrae, SA, 5064, Australia
| | - Colin L D Jenkins
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, South Australia, 5001, Australia
| | - Herbert J Kronzucker
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Stanley J Miklavcic
- Phenomics and Bioinformatics Research Centre, School of Information Technology and Mathematical Sciences, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA, 5095, Australia
| | - Darren Plett
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Stuart J Roy
- Australian Research Council (ARC) Industrial Transformation Research Hub for Wheat in a Hot and Dry Climate, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Urrbrae, SA, 5064, Australia
| | - Sergey Shabala
- Tasmanian Institute for Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 54, Hobart, Tas., 7001, Australia
- International Centre for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan, 528000, China
| | - Megan C Shelden
- Australian Research Council (ARC) Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia
| | - Kathleen L Soole
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, South Australia, 5001, Australia
| | - Nicolas L Taylor
- Australian Research Council (ARC) Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Molecular Sciences and Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Mark Tester
- Biological and Environmental Sciences & Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Stefanie Wege
- Australian Research Council (ARC) Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia
| | - Lars H Wegner
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Pulsed Power and Microwave Technology (IHM), D-76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Stephen D Tyerman
- Australian Research Council (ARC) Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia
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Florez-Sarasa I, Fernie AR, Gupta KJ. Does the alternative respiratory pathway offer protection against the adverse effects resulting from climate change? JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:465-469. [PMID: 31559421 PMCID: PMC6946008 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Elevated greenhouse gases (GHGs) induce adverse conditions directly and indirectly, causing decreases in plant productivity. To deal with climate change effects, plants have developed various mechanisms including the fine-tuning of metabolism. Plant respiratory metabolism is highly flexible due to the presence of various alternative pathways. The mitochondrial alternative oxidase (AOX) respiratory pathway is responsive to these changes, and several lines of evidence suggest it plays a role in reducing excesses of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) while providing metabolic flexibility under stress. Here we discuss the importance of the AOX pathway in dealing with elevated carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), ozone (O3), and the main abiotic stresses induced by climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Florez-Sarasa
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Kapuganti Jagadis Gupta
- National Institute for Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
- Correspondence:
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Martí MC, Jiménez A, Sevilla F. Thioredoxin Network in Plant Mitochondria: Cysteine S-Posttranslational Modifications and Stress Conditions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:571288. [PMID: 33072147 PMCID: PMC7539121 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.571288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Plants are sessile organisms presenting different adaptation mechanisms that allow their survival under adverse situations. Among them, reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS, RNS) and H2S are emerging as components not only of cell development and differentiation but of signaling pathways involved in the response to both biotic and abiotic attacks. The study of the posttranslational modifications (PTMs) of proteins produced by those signaling molecules is revealing a modulation on specific targets that are involved in many metabolic pathways in the different cell compartments. These modifications are able to translate the imbalance of the redox state caused by exposure to the stress situation in a cascade of responses that finally allow the plant to cope with the adverse condition. In this review we give a generalized vision of the production of ROS, RNS, and H2S in plant mitochondria. We focus on how the principal mitochondrial processes mainly the electron transport chain, the tricarboxylic acid cycle and photorespiration are affected by PTMs on cysteine residues that are produced by the previously mentioned signaling molecules in the respiratory organelle. These PTMs include S-oxidation, S-glutathionylation, S-nitrosation, and persulfidation under normal and stress conditions. We pay special attention to the mitochondrial Thioredoxin/Peroxiredoxin system in terms of its oxidation-reduction posttranslational targets and its response to environmental stress.
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21
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Clemente-Moreno MJ, Omranian N, Sáez P, Figueroa CM, Del-Saz N, Elso M, Poblete L, Orf I, Cuadros-Inostroza A, Cavieres L, Bravo L, Fernie A, Ribas-Carbó M, Flexas J, Nikoloski Z, Brotman Y, Gago J. Cytochrome respiration pathway and sulphur metabolism sustain stress tolerance to low temperature in the Antarctic species Colobanthus quitensis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 225:754-768. [PMID: 31489634 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the strategies employed by plant species that live in extreme environments offers the possibility to discover stress tolerance mechanisms. We studied the physiological, antioxidant and metabolic responses to three temperature conditions (4, 15, and 23°C) of Colobanthus quitensis (CQ), one of the only two native vascular species in Antarctica. We also employed Dianthus chinensis (DC), to assess the effects of the treatments in a non-Antarctic species from the same family. Using fused LASSO modelling, we associated physiological and biochemical antioxidant responses with primary metabolism. This approach allowed us to highlight the metabolic pathways driving the response specific to CQ. Low temperature imposed dramatic reductions in photosynthesis (up to 88%) but not in respiration (sustaining rates of 3.0-4.2 μmol CO2 m-2 s-1 ) in CQ, and no change in the physiological stress parameters was found. Its notable antioxidant capacity and mitochondrial cytochrome respiratory activity (20 and two times higher than DC, respectively), which ensure ATP production even at low temperature, was significantly associated with sulphur-containing metabolites and polyamines. Our findings potentially open new biotechnological opportunities regarding the role of antioxidant compounds and respiratory mechanisms associated with sulphur metabolism in stress tolerance strategies to low temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- María José Clemente-Moreno
- Research Group on Plant Biology under Mediterranean Conditions, Instituto de Agroecología y Economía del Agua (INAGEA), Universitat de les Illes Balears (UIB), cta. Valldemossa km 7,5, 07122, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Nooshin Omranian
- Systems Biology and Mathematical Modeling Group, Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- Bioinformatics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Patricia Sáez
- Laboratorio Cultivo de Tejidos Vegetales, Centro de Biotecnología, Departamento de Silvicultura, Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad de Concepción, 4030000, Concepción, Chile
| | - Carlos María Figueroa
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral, UNL, CONICET, FBCB, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Néstor Del-Saz
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal, Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, 4030000, Concepción, Chile
| | - Mhartyn Elso
- Laboratorio Cultivo de Tejidos Vegetales, Centro de Biotecnología, Departamento de Silvicultura, Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad de Concepción, 4030000, Concepción, Chile
| | - Leticia Poblete
- Laboratorio Cultivo de Tejidos Vegetales, Centro de Biotecnología, Departamento de Silvicultura, Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad de Concepción, 4030000, Concepción, Chile
| | - Isabel Orf
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, 8410501, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | | | - Lohengrin Cavieres
- ECOBIOSIS, Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, 4030000, Concepción, Chile
| | - León Bravo
- Laboratorio de Fisiología y Biología Molecular Vegetal, Departamento de Cs. Agronómicas y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Forestales, Instituto de Agroindustria, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
- Center of Plant, Soil Interaction and Natural Resources Biotechnology, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, 4811230, Temuco, Chile
| | - Alisdair Fernie
- Central Metabolism Group, Molecular Physiology Department, Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, 14476, Golm, Germany
| | - Miquel Ribas-Carbó
- Research Group on Plant Biology under Mediterranean Conditions, Instituto de Agroecología y Economía del Agua (INAGEA), Universitat de les Illes Balears (UIB), cta. Valldemossa km 7,5, 07122, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Jaume Flexas
- Research Group on Plant Biology under Mediterranean Conditions, Instituto de Agroecología y Economía del Agua (INAGEA), Universitat de les Illes Balears (UIB), cta. Valldemossa km 7,5, 07122, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Zoran Nikoloski
- Systems Biology and Mathematical Modeling Group, Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- Bioinformatics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
- Center of Plant System Biology and Biotechnology (CPSBB), 4000, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Yariv Brotman
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, 8410501, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Jorge Gago
- Research Group on Plant Biology under Mediterranean Conditions, Instituto de Agroecología y Economía del Agua (INAGEA), Universitat de les Illes Balears (UIB), cta. Valldemossa km 7,5, 07122, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
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Liao Y, Cui R, Yuan T, Xie Y, Gao Y. Cysteine and methionine contribute differentially to regulate alternative oxidase in leaves of poplar (Populus deltoides x Populus euramericana 'Nanlin 895') seedlings exposed to different salinity. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 240:153017. [PMID: 31376640 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2019.153017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The effects of different doses of NaCl on the expression profiles of genes involved in the mitochondrial electron transport chain (miETC), H2O2 and O2- levels, and antioxidant enzymes and amino acid metabolism were investigated in the leaves of poplar (Populus deltoides x Populus euramericana 'Nanlin 895'). In the miETC, complexes II and III and bypasses of the cytochrome c pathway including AOX and UCP displayed higher transcript abundance, whereas COX6b encoding cytochrome c oxidase were suppressed at 200 and 400 mM. H2O2 accumulated at 200 mM NaCl but O2- was generated at 400 mM. Accordingly, CAT was enhanced at 200 and 400 mM, while G-POD strengthened only at 400 mM. In addition, cysteine was reduced at 400 mM but did not change at 200 mM, although methionine was accumulated at 200 mM but not altered at 400 mM. Exogenous cysteine accumulated H2S and methionine increased ACC at 200 mM NaCl. At 400 mM NaCl, cysteine elevated the expression of CGS encoding cystathionine gamma-synthase and MS2 encoding methionine synthase as well as ACC and H2S levels, and methionine increased ACC content with repressed CGS and MS2. Moreover, exogenous KCN decreased cysteine levels, with an augment in H2S and up-regulation of CYS C1 encoding β-cyanoalanine synthase at all salinity conditions, whereas antimycin A (AA) and salicylhydroxamic acid (SHAM) affected neither the levels of cysteine or H2S, nor the CYS C1 expression. However, neither KCN, AA nor SHAM affected ACC content. AOX1b was induced both by exogenous cysteine and methionine as well as KCN and AA but suppressed by SHAM at 200 and 400 mM NaCl, in negative correlation with MDA content. These results suggest that poplar leaf evolved diverse strategies in amino acid metabolism of manipulating the AOX pathway to defend against different levels of salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangwenke Liao
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, China; College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Rongrong Cui
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, China; College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tingting Yuan
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, China; College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yinfeng Xie
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, China; College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yongxin Gao
- College of Landscape Architecture and Tourism, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
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Henriksson N, Marshall J, Lundholm J, Boily Å, Boily JF, Näsholm T. Improved in vivo measurement of alternative oxidase respiration in field-collected pine roots. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2019; 167:34-47. [PMID: 30561048 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Cellular respiration via the alternative oxidase pathway (AOP) leads to a considerable loss in efficiency. Compared to the cytochrome pathway (COP), AOP produces 0-50% as much ATP per carbon (C) respired. Relative partitioning between the pathways can be measured in vivo based on their differing isotopic discriminations against 18 O in O2 . Starting from published methods, we have refined and tested a new protocol to improve measurement precision and efficiency. The refinements detect an effect of tissue water content (P < 0.0001), which we have removed, and yield precise discrimination endpoints in the presence of pathway-specific respiratory inhibitors [CN- and salicylhydroxamic acid (SHAM)], which improves estimates of AOP/COP partitioning. Fresh roots of Pinus sylvestris were sealed in vials with a CO2 trap. The air was replaced to ensure identical starting conditions. Headspace air was repeatedly sampled and isotopically analyzed using isotope-ratio mass spectrometry. The method allows high-precision measurement of the discrimination against 18 O in O2 because of repeated measurements of the same incubation vial. COP and AOP respiration discriminated against 18 O by 15.1 ± 0.3‰ and 23.8 ± 0.4‰, respectively. AOP contributed to root respiration by 23 ± 0.2% of the total in an unfertilized stand. In a second, nitrogen-fertilized, stand AOP contribution was only 14 ± 0.2% of the total. These results suggest the improved method can be used to assess the relative importance of COP and AOP activities in ecosystems, potentially yielding information on the role of each pathway for the carbon use efficiency of organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Henriksson
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Forest Ecology and Management, SE-901 83, Umeå, Sweden
| | - John Marshall
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Forest Ecology and Management, SE-901 83, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jonas Lundholm
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Forest Ecology and Management, SE-901 83, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Åsa Boily
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Forest Ecology and Management, SE-901 83, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jean-Francois Boily
- Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry, SE-901 87, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Torgny Näsholm
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Forest Ecology and Management, SE-901 83, Umeå, Sweden
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24
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Clemente-Moreno MJ, Gago J, Díaz-Vivancos P, Bernal A, Miedes E, Bresta P, Liakopoulos G, Fernie AR, Hernández JA, Flexas J. The apoplastic antioxidant system and altered cell wall dynamics influence mesophyll conductance and the rate of photosynthesis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 99:1031-1046. [PMID: 31215089 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Mesophyll conductance (gm ), the diffusion of CO2 from substomatal cavities to the carboxylation sites in the chloroplasts, is a highly complex trait driving photosynthesis (net CO2 assimilation, AN ). However, little is known concerning the mechanisms by which it is dynamically regulated. The apoplast is considered as a 'key information bridge' between the environment and cells. Interestingly, most of the environmental constraints affecting gm also cause apoplastic responses, cell wall (CW) alterations and metabolic rearrangements. Since CW thickness is a key determinant of gm , we hypothesize that other changes in this cellular compartiment should also influence gm . We study the relationship between the antioxidant apoplastic system and CW metabolism and the gm responses in tobacco plants (Nicotiana sylvestris L.) under two abiotic stresses (drought and salinity), combining in vivo gas-exchange measurements with analyses of antioxidant activities, CW composition and primary metabolism. Stress treatments imposed substantial reductions in AN (58-54%) and gm (59%), accompanied by a strong antioxidant enzymatic response at the apoplastic and symplastic levels. Interestingly, apoplastic but not symplastic peroxidases were positively related to gm . Leaf anatomy remained mostly stable; however, the stress treatments significantly affected the CW composition, specifically pectins, which showed significant relationships with AN and gm . The treatments additionally promoted a differential primary metabolic response, and specific CW-related metabolites including galactose, glucosamine and hydroxycinnamate showed exclusive relationships with gm independent of the stress. These results suggest that gm responses can be attributed to specific changes in the apoplastic antioxidant system and CW metabolism, opening up more possibilities for improving photosynthesis using breeding/biotechnological strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- María José Clemente-Moreno
- Research Group on Plant Biology under Mediterranean Conditions, Universitat de les Illes Balears (UIB)-Instituto de Agroecología y Economía del Agua (INAGEA), ctra. Valldemossa km 7,5, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Jorge Gago
- Research Group on Plant Biology under Mediterranean Conditions, Universitat de les Illes Balears (UIB)-Instituto de Agroecología y Economía del Agua (INAGEA), ctra. Valldemossa km 7,5, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Pedro Díaz-Vivancos
- Fruit Tree Biotechnology Group, Department of Plant Breeding, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, PO Box 164, E-30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Agustina Bernal
- Fruit Tree Biotechnology Group, Department of Plant Breeding, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, PO Box 164, E-30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Eva Miedes
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Campus de Montegancedo, 28223, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Campus Ciudad Universitaria, 28040, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Panagiota Bresta
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, Votanikos, 11855, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios Liakopoulos
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, Votanikos, 11855, Athens, Greece
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Central Metabolism Group, Molecular Physiology Department, Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, 14476 Golm, Germany
| | - José Antonio Hernández
- Fruit Tree Biotechnology Group, Department of Plant Breeding, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, PO Box 164, E-30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Jaume Flexas
- Research Group on Plant Biology under Mediterranean Conditions, Universitat de les Illes Balears (UIB)-Instituto de Agroecología y Economía del Agua (INAGEA), ctra. Valldemossa km 7,5, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
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O'Leary BM, Asao S, Millar AH, Atkin OK. Core principles which explain variation in respiration across biological scales. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 222:670-686. [PMID: 30394553 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Contents Summary 670 I. Introduction 671 II. Principle 1 - Plant respiration performs three distinct functions 673 III. Principle 2 - Metabolic pathway flexibility underlies plant respiratory performance 676 IV. Principle 3 - Supply and demand interact over time to set plant respiration rate 677 V. Principle 4 - Plant respiratory acclimation involves adjustments in enzyme capacities 679 VI. Principle 5 - Respiration is a complex trait that helps to define, and is impacted by, plant lifestyle strategies 680 VII. Future directions 680 Acknowledgements 682 References 682 SUMMARY: Respiration is a core biological process that has important implications for the biochemistry, physiology, and ecology of plants. The study of plant respiration is thus conducted from several different perspectives by a range of scientific disciplines with dissimilar objectives, such as metabolic engineering, crop breeding, and climate-change modelling. One aspect in common among the different objectives is a need to understand and quantify the variation in respiration across scales of biological organization. The central tenet of this review is that different perspectives on respiration can complement each other when connected. To better accommodate interdisciplinary thinking, we identify distinct mechanisms which encompass the variation in respiratory rates and functions across biological scales. The relevance of these mechanisms towards variation in plant respiration are explained in the context of five core principles: (1) respiration performs three distinct functions; (2) metabolic pathway flexibility underlies respiratory performance; (3) supply and demand interact over time to set respiration rates; (4) acclimation involves adjustments in enzyme capacities; and (5) respiration is a complex trait that helps to define, and is impacted by, plant lifestyle strategies. We argue that each perspective on respiration rests on these principles to varying degrees and that broader appreciation of how respiratory variation occurs can unite research across scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan M O'Leary
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Shinichi Asao
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 0200, Australia
| | - A Harvey Millar
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Owen K Atkin
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 0200, Australia
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26
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Richter JA, Behr JH, Erban A, Kopka J, Zörb C. Ion-dependent metabolic responses of Vicia faba L. to salt stress. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2019; 42:295-309. [PMID: 29940081 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Salt-affected farmlands are increasingly burdened by chlorides, carbonates, and sulfates of sodium, calcium, and magnesium. Intriguingly, the underlying physiological processes are studied almost always under NaCl stress. Two faba bean cultivars were subjected to low- and high-salt treatments of NaCl, Na2 SO4 , and KCl. Assimilation rate and leaf water vapor conductance were reduced to approximately 25-30% without biomass reduction after 7 days salt stress, but this did not cause severe carbon shortage. The equimolar treatments of Na+ , K+ , and Cl- showed comparable accumulation patterns in leaves and roots, except for SO42- which did not accumulate. To gain a detailed understanding of the effects caused by the tested ion combinations, we performed nontargeted gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-based metabolite profiling. Metabolic responses to various salts were in part highly linearly correlated, but only a few metabolite responses were common to all salts and in both cultivars. At high salt concentrations, only myo-inositol, allantoin, and glycerophosphoglycerol were highly significantly increased in roots under all tested conditions. We discovered several metabolic responses that were preferentially associated with the presence of Na+ , K+ , or Cl- . For example, increases of leaf proline and decreases of leaf fumaric acid and malic acid were apparently associated with Cl- accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia A Richter
- Institute of Crop Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jan H Behr
- Institute of Crop Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Alexander Erban
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Joachim Kopka
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Christian Zörb
- Institute of Crop Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
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27
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Mesa-Marín J, Del-Saz NF, Rodríguez-Llorente ID, Redondo-Gómez S, Pajuelo E, Ribas-Carbó M, Mateos-Naranjo E. PGPR Reduce Root Respiration and Oxidative Stress Enhancing Spartina maritima Root Growth and Heavy Metal Rhizoaccumulation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1500. [PMID: 30386359 PMCID: PMC6199767 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The present study aims to unravel ecophysiological mechanisms underlying plant-microbe interactions under natural abiotic stress conditions, specifically heavy metal pollution. Effect of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) bioaugmentation on Spartina maritima in vivo root respiration and oxidative stress was investigated. This autochthonous plant is a heavy metal hyperaccumulator cordgrass growing in one of the most polluted estuaries in the world. The association with native PGPR is being studied with a view to their biotechnological potential in environmental decontamination. As a novelty, the oxygen-isotope fractionation technique was used to study the in vivo activities of cytochrome oxidase (COX) and alternative oxidase (AOX) pathways. Inoculated plants showed decreased antioxidant enzymatic activities and in vivo root respiration rates. The reduction in respiratory carbon consumption and the stress alleviation may explain the increments observed in S. maritima root biomass and metal rhizoaccumulation after inoculation. For the first time, plant carbon balance and PGPR are interrelated to explain the effect of rhizobacteria under abiotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Mesa-Marín
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Néstor Fernández Del-Saz
- Grup de Recerca en Biologia de les Plantes en Condicions Mediterrànies, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma, Spain
- Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | | | - Susana Redondo-Gómez
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Eloísa Pajuelo
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Miquel Ribas-Carbó
- Grup de Recerca en Biologia de les Plantes en Condicions Mediterrànies, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma, Spain
| | - Enrique Mateos-Naranjo
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
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Measurements of Electron Partitioning Between Cytochrome and Alternative Oxidase Pathways in Plant Tissues. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1670:203-217. [PMID: 28871545 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7292-0_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
Plant respiration is characterized by the existence of the alternative oxidase pathway (AOP) that competes with cytochrome oxidase pathway (COP) for the electrons of the ubiquinone pool of the mitochondrial electron transport chain, thus reducing ATP synthesis. The oxygen (O2) isotope fractionation technique is the only available to determine the electron partitioning between the two pathways and their in vivo activities in plant tissues. In this chapter, the basis of the O2 isotope fractionation technique and its derived calculations are carefully explained together with a detailed description of the dual-inlet isotope ratio mass spectrometry (DI-IRMS) system and the protocol developed at the University of Balearic Islands. The key advantages of the DI-IRMS over other systems are highlighted as well as the potential problems of this technique. Among these problems, those associated with leakage, diffusion, and inhibitor treatments are noted and solutions to prevent, detect, and repair these problems are detailed.
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Del-Saz NF, Romero-Munar A, Cawthray GR, Palma F, Aroca R, Baraza E, Florez-Sarasa I, Lambers H, Ribas-Carbó M. Phosphorus concentration coordinates a respiratory bypass, synthesis and exudation of citrate, and the expression of high-affinity phosphorus transporters in Solanum lycopersicum. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2018; 41:865-875. [PMID: 29380389 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Plants exhibit respiratory bypasses (e.g., the alternative oxidase [AOX]) and increase the synthesis of carboxylates in their organs (leaves and roots) in response to phosphorus (P) deficiency, which increases P uptake capacity. They also show differential expression of high-affinity inorganic phosphorus (Pi) transporters, thus avoiding P toxicity at a high P availability. The association between AOX and carboxylate synthesis was tested in Solanum lycopersicum plants grown at different soil P availability, by using plants grown under P-sufficient and P-limiting conditions and by applying a short-term (24 hr) P-sufficient pulse to plants grown under P limitation. Tests were also performed with plants colonized with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, which increased plant P concentration under reduced P availability. The in vivo activities of AOX and cytochrome oxidase were measured together with the concentration of carboxylates and the P concentration in plant organs. Gene transcription of Pi transporters (LePT1 and LePT2) was also studied. A coordinated response between plant P concentration with these traits was observed, indicating that a sufficient P availability in soil led to a suppression of both AOX activity and synthesis of citrate and a downregulation of the transcription of genes encoding high-affinity Pi transporters, presumably to avoid P toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Néstor Fernández Del-Saz
- Grup de Recerca en Biologia de les Plantes en Condicions Mediterranies, Departament de Biologia, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Carretera de Valldemossa Km 7.5, Palma, 07122, Spain
| | - Antonia Romero-Munar
- Grup de Recerca en Biologia de les Plantes en Condicions Mediterranies, Departament de Biologia, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Carretera de Valldemossa Km 7.5, Palma, 07122, Spain
| | - Gregory R Cawthray
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute of Agriculture, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley (Perth), Western Australia, 6009, Australia
| | - Francisco Palma
- Department of Plant Physiology, Facultad de Ciencias, University of Granada, Fuentenueva s/n, Granada, 18071, Spain
| | - Ricardo Aroca
- Department of Soil Microbiology and Symbiotic Systems, Estación Experimental del Zaidín-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (EEZ-CSIC), Profesor Albareda 1, Granada, 18008, Spain
| | - Elena Baraza
- Grup de Recerca en Biologia de les Plantes en Condicions Mediterranies, Departament de Biologia, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Carretera de Valldemossa Km 7.5, Palma, 07122, Spain
| | - Igor Florez-Sarasa
- Max Planck Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, Potsdam, 14476, Germany
| | - Hans Lambers
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute of Agriculture, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley (Perth), Western Australia, 6009, Australia
| | - Miquel Ribas-Carbó
- Grup de Recerca en Biologia de les Plantes en Condicions Mediterranies, Departament de Biologia, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Carretera de Valldemossa Km 7.5, Palma, 07122, Spain
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Del-Saz NF, Ribas-Carbo M, McDonald AE, Lambers H, Fernie AR, Florez-Sarasa I. An In Vivo Perspective of the Role(s) of the Alternative Oxidase Pathway. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 23:206-219. [PMID: 29269217 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2017.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Despite intense research on the in vitro characterization of regulatory factors modulating the alternative oxidase (AOX) pathway, the regulation of its activity in vivo is still not fully understood. Advances concerning in vivo regulation of AOX based on the oxygen-isotope fractionation technique are reviewed, and regulatory factors that merit future research are highlighted. In addition, we review and discuss the main biological functions assigned to the plant AOX, and suggest future experiments involving in vivo activity measurements to test different hypothesized physiological roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Néstor Fernández Del-Saz
- Grup de Recerca en Biologia de les Plantes en Condicions Mediterranies, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Carretera de Valldemossa Km 7.5, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Miquel Ribas-Carbo
- Grup de Recerca en Biologia de les Plantes en Condicions Mediterranies, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Carretera de Valldemossa Km 7.5, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Allison E McDonald
- Department of Biology, Wilfrid Laurier University, Science Building, 75 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3C5, Canada
| | - Hans Lambers
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley (Perth), Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Igor Florez-Sarasa
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany.
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Keller C, Maeda J, Jayaraman D, Chakraborty S, Sussman MR, Harris JM, Ané JM, Li L. Comparison of Vacuum MALDI and AP-MALDI Platforms for the Mass Spectrometry Imaging of Metabolites Involved in Salt Stress in Medicago truncatula. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1238. [PMID: 30210517 PMCID: PMC6121006 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI) is routinely used to determine the spatial distributions of various biomolecules in tissues. Recently, there has been an increased interest in creating higher resolution images using sources with more focused beams. One such source, an atmospheric pressure (AP) MALDI source from MassTech, has a laser capable of reaching spatial resolutions of 10 μm. Here, the AP-MALDI source coupled with a Q Exactive HF Orbitrap platform is compared to the commercial MALDI LTQ Orbitrap XL system using Medicago truncatula root nodules. AP-MALDI parameters, such as the S-lens value, capillary temperature, and spray voltage, were optimized on the Q Exactive-HF platform for optimal detection of plant metabolites. The performance of the two systems was evaluated for sensitivity, spatial resolution, and overall ability to detect plant metabolites. The commercial MALDI LTQ Orbitrap XL was superior regarding the number of compounds detected, as at least two times more m/z were detected compared to the AP-MALDI system. However, although the AP-MALDI source requires a spatial resolution higher than 10 μm to get the best signal, the spatial resolution at 30 μm is still superior compared to the 75 μm spatial resolution achieved on the MALDI platform. The AP-MALDI system was also used to investigate the metabolites present in M. truncatula roots and root nodules under high salt and low salt conditions. A discriminative analysis with SCiLS software revealed m/z ions specific to the control and salt conditions. This analysis revealed 44 m/z ions present at relatively higher abundances in the control samples, and 77 m/z enriched in the salt samples. Liquid chromatography-tandem MS was performed to determine the putative molecular identities of some of the mass ions enriched in each sample, including, asparagine, adenosine, and nicotianamine in the control samples, and arginine and soyasaponin I in the salt treated samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin Keller
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Junko Maeda
- Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | | | - Sanhita Chakraborty
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Michael R. Sussman
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Jeanne M. Harris
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Jean-Michel Ané
- Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Lingjun Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- *Correspondence: Lingjun Li, ;
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Del-Saz NF, Romero-Munar A, Alonso D, Aroca R, Baraza E, Flexas J, Ribas-Carbo M. Respiratory ATP cost and benefit of arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis with Nicotiana tabacum at different growth stages and under salinity. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 218:243-248. [PMID: 28910702 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2017.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Growth and maintenance partly depend on both respiration and ATP production during oxidative phosphorylation in leaves. Under stress, ATP is needed to maintain the accumulated biomass. ATP production mostly proceeds from the cytochrome oxidase pathway (COP), while respiration via the alternative oxidase pathway (AOP) may decrease the production of ATP per oxygen consumed, especially under phosphorus (P) limitation and salinity conditions. Symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi is reputed by their positive effect on plant growth under stress at mature stages of colonization; however, fungal colonization may decrease plant growth at early stages. Thus, the present research is based on the hypothesis that AM fungus colonization will increase both foliar respiration and ATP production at mature stages of plant growth while decreasing them both at early stages. We used the oxygen-isotope-fractionation technique to study the in vivo respiratory activities and ATP production of the COP and AOP in AM and non-AM (NM) tobacco plants grown under P-limiting and saline conditions in sand at different growth stages (14, 28 and 49days). Our results suggest that AM symbiosis represents an ATP cost detrimental for shoot growth at early stages, whilst it represents a benefit on ATP allowing for faster rates of growth at mature stages, even under salinity conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Néstor Fernández Del-Saz
- Grup de Recerca en Biologia de les Plantes en Condicions Mediterranies, Departament de Biologia, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Carretera de Valldemossa Km 7.5, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
| | - Antonia Romero-Munar
- Grup de Recerca en Biologia de les Plantes en Condicions Mediterranies, Departament de Biologia, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Carretera de Valldemossa Km 7.5, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - David Alonso
- Grup de Recerca en Biologia de les Plantes en Condicions Mediterranies, Departament de Biologia, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Carretera de Valldemossa Km 7.5, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Ricardo Aroca
- Department of Soil Microbiology and Symbiotic Systems, Estación Experimental del Zaidín-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (EEZ-CSIC), Profesor Albareda 1, 18008 Granada, Spain
| | - Elena Baraza
- Grup de Recerca en Biologia de les Plantes en Condicions Mediterranies, Departament de Biologia, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Carretera de Valldemossa Km 7.5, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Jaume Flexas
- Grup de Recerca en Biologia de les Plantes en Condicions Mediterranies, Departament de Biologia, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Carretera de Valldemossa Km 7.5, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Miquel Ribas-Carbo
- Grup de Recerca en Biologia de les Plantes en Condicions Mediterranies, Departament de Biologia, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Carretera de Valldemossa Km 7.5, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
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