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Yarzábal Rodríguez LA, Álvarez Gutiérrez PE, Gunde-Cimerman N, Ciancas Jiménez JC, Gutiérrez-Cepeda A, Ocaña AMF, Batista-García RA. Exploring extremophilic fungi in soil mycobiome for sustainable agriculture amid global change. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6951. [PMID: 39138171 PMCID: PMC11322326 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-51223-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
As the Earth warms, alternatives to traditional farming are crucial. Exploring fungi, especially poly extremophilic and extremotolerant species, to be used as plant probiotics, represents a promising option. Extremophilic fungi offer avenues for developing and producing innovative biofertilizers, effective biocontrol agents against plant pathogens, and resilient enzymes active under extreme conditions, all of which are crucial to enhance agricultural efficiency and sustainability through improved soil fertility and decreased reliance on agrochemicals. Yet, extremophilic fungi's potential remains underexplored and, therefore, comprehensive research is needed to understand their roles as tools to foster sustainable agriculture practices amid climate change. Efforts should concentrate on unraveling the complex dynamics of plant-fungi interactions and harnessing extremophilic fungi's ecological functions to influence plant growth and development. Aspects such as plant's epigenome remodeling, fungal extracellular vesicle production, secondary metabolism regulation, and impact on native soil microbiota are among many deserving to be explored in depth. Caution is advised, however, as extremophilic and extremotolerant fungi can act as both mitigators of crop diseases and as opportunistic pathogens, underscoring the necessity for balanced research to optimize benefits while mitigating risks in agricultural settings.
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Grants
- This work was supported by Fondo Nacional de Innovación y Desarrollo Científico-Tecnológico (FONDOCYT), Ministerio de Educación Superior, Ciencia y Tecnología (MESCYT), Government of Dominican Republic: Project COD. 2022-2B2-078. This work was supported by Darwin Initiative Round 27: Partnership Project DARPP220, and Darwin Initiative Round 30: Project DIR30S2/1004. This study was also supported by funding from the Slovenian Research Agency to Infrastructural Centre Mycosmo (MRIC UL, I0-0022), programs P4-0432 and P1-0198. Authors appreciate the support received from the European Commission – Program H2020, Project GEN4OLIVE: 101000427, Topic SFS-28-2018-2019-2020 Genetic resources and pre-breeding communities. RAB-G received a Sabbatical fellowship (CVU: 389616) from the National Council of Humanities, Sciences and Technologies (CONAHCyT), Government of Mexico. This work was supported by RYC2022-037554-I project funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and FSE+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Andrés Yarzábal Rodríguez
- Carrera de Bioquímica y Farmacia. Grupo de Microbiología Molecular y Biotecnología (GI-M2YB). Unidad de Salud y Bienestar, Universidad Católica de Cuenca, Cuenca, Ecuador
| | | | - Nina Gunde-Cimerman
- Departament of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Adrián Gutiérrez-Cepeda
- Instituto de Investigación en Salud, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Santo Domingo, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
- Instituto de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Santo Domingo, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
| | - Ana María Fernández Ocaña
- Departamento de Biología Animal, Biología Vegetal y Ecología. Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad de Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | - Ramón Alberto Batista-García
- Departamento de Biología Animal, Biología Vegetal y Ecología. Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad de Jaén, Jaén, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación en Dinámica Celular, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.
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Chaudhury R, Chakraborty A, Rahaman F, Sarkar T, Dey S, Das M. Mycorrhization in trees: ecology, physiology, emerging technologies and beyond. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2024; 26:145-156. [PMID: 38194349 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Mycorrhization has been an integral part of plants since colonization by the early land plants. Over decades, substantial research has highlighted its potential role in improving nutritional efficiency and growth, development and survival of crop plants. However, the focus of this review is trees. Evidence have been provided to explain ecological and physiological significance of mycorrhization in trees. Advances in recent technologies (e.g., metagenomics, artificial intelligence, machine learning, agricultural drones) may open new windows to apply this knowledge in promoting tree growth in forest ecosystems. Dual mycorrhization relationships in trees and even triple relationships among trees, mycorrhizal fungi and bacteria offer an interesting physiological system to understand how plants interact with other organisms for better survival. Besides, studies indicate additional roles of mycorrhization in learning, memorizing and communication between host trees through a common mycorrhizal network (CMN). Recent observations in trees suggest that mycorrhization may even promote tolerance to multiple abiotic (e.g., drought, salt, heavy metal stress) and biotic (e.g. fungi) stresses. Due to the extent of physiological reliance, local adaptation of trees is heavily impacted by the mycorrhizal community. This knowledge opens the possibility of a non-GMO avenue to promote tree growth and development. Indeed, mycorrhization could impact growth of trees in nurserys and subsequent survival of the inoculated trees in field conditions. Future studies might integrate hyperspectral imaging and drone technologies to identify tree communities that are deficient in nitrogen and spray mycorrhizal spore formulations on them.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Chaudhury
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, India
| | - A Chakraborty
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, India
| | - F Rahaman
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, India
| | - T Sarkar
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, India
| | - S Dey
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, India
| | - M Das
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, India
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Gong M, Bai N, Wang P, Su J, Chang Q, Zhang Q. Co-Inoculation with Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Dark Septate Endophytes under Drought Stress: Synergistic or Competitive Effects on Maize Growth, Photosynthesis, Root Hydraulic Properties and Aquaporins? PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2596. [PMID: 37514211 PMCID: PMC10383269 DOI: 10.3390/plants12142596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and dark septate fungi (DSE) were simultaneously colonized in the root cells of maize. Single AMF and DSE symbiosis have been proven to improve the drought tolerance of maize. However, the effects of both fungi coexisting in maize roots under drought stress are not yet known. In this study, pot experiments of maize seedlings were conducted through four inoculation treatments (single AMF inoculation of Rhizophagus irregularis, single DSE inoculation of Exophiala pisciphila, co-inoculation of AMF + DSE and non-mycorrhizal inoculation) under well-watered (WW) and drought-stressed (DS) conditions. AMF and DSE colonization status, maize physiology and aquaporin gene expression in maize roots were investigated. The objective of this paper was to evaluate whether AMF and DSE had competitive, independent or synergistic effects on regulating the drought tolerance of maize. When maize seedlings of three inoculation treatments were subjected to drought stress, single AMF inoculation had the highest shoot and root dry weight, plant height, root length, osmotic root hydraulic conductivity and hydrostatic root hydraulic conductivity in maize seedlings. However, co-inoculation of AMF + DSE induced the highest stomatal conductance in maize leaves and the lowest H2O2 and O2•- concentration, membrane electrolyte leakage, intercellular CO2 concentration and gene expression level of ZmPIP1;1, ZmPIP1;2, ZmPIP2;1, ZmPIP2;5 and ZmPIP2;6. In addition, co-inoculation of AMF + DSE also obviously down-regulated the GintAQPF1 and GintAQPF2 expression in R. irregularis compared with single AMF inoculation treatment. Under DS stress, there were competitive relationships between AMF and DSE with regard to regulating mycorrhizal colonization, maize growth, root hydraulic conductivity and the gene expression of aquaporins in R. irregularis, but there were synergistic relationships with regard to regulating membrane electrolyte leakage, oxidative damage, photosynthesis and the aquaporin gene expression of maize seedlings. The obtained results improve our knowledge about how the mechanisms of AMF and DSE coexist, promoting the drought tolerance of host plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minggui Gong
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Na Bai
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Pengfei Wang
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Jiajie Su
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Qingshan Chang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Qiaoming Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
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Ashwin R, Bagyaraj DJ, Mohan Raju B. Ameliorating the drought stress tolerance of a susceptible soybean cultivar, MAUS 2 through dual inoculation with selected rhizobia and AM fungus. Fungal Biol Biotechnol 2023; 10:10. [PMID: 37138367 PMCID: PMC10158380 DOI: 10.1186/s40694-023-00157-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drought stress is currently the primary abiotic stress factor for crop loss worldwide. Although drought stress reduces the crop yield significantly, species and genotypes differ in their stress response; some tolerate the stress effect while others not. In several systems, it has been shown that, some of the beneficial soil microbes ameliorate the stress effect and thereby, minimizing yield losses under stress conditions. Realizing the importance of beneficial soil microbes, a field experiment was conducted to study the effect of selected microbial inoculants namely, N-fixing bacteria, Bradyrhizobium liaoningense and P-supplying arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus, Ambispora leptoticha on growth and performance of a drought susceptible and high yielding soybean cultivar, MAUS 2 under drought condition. RESULTS Drought stress imposed during flowering and pod filling stages showed that, dual inoculation consisting of B. liaoningense and A. leptoticha improved the physiological and biometric characteristics including nutrient uptake and yield under drought conditions. Inoculated plants showed an increased number of pods and pod weight per plant by 19% and 34% respectively, while the number of seeds and seed weight per plant increased by 17% and 32% respectively over un-inoculated plants under drought stress condition. Further, the inoculated plants showed higher chlorophyll and osmolyte content, higher detoxifying enzyme activity, and higher cell viability because of less membrane damage compared to un-inoculated plants under stress condition. In addition, they also showed higher water use efficiency coupled with more nutrients accumulation besides exhibiting higher load of beneficial microbes. CONCLUSION Dual inoculation of soybean plants with beneficial microbes would alleviate the drought stress effects, thereby allowing normal plants' growth under stress condition. The study therefore, infers that AM fungal and rhizobia inoculation seems to be necessary when soybean is to be cultivated under drought or water limiting conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Revanna Ashwin
- Centre for Natural Biological Resources and Community Development (CNBRCD), 41 RBI Colony, Anand Nagar, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560024, India
- Centre for Research and Development (CRD), PRIST University, Vallam, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, 613403, India
| | - Davis Joseph Bagyaraj
- Centre for Natural Biological Resources and Community Development (CNBRCD), 41 RBI Colony, Anand Nagar, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560024, India.
| | - Basavaiah Mohan Raju
- Department of Crop Physiology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560065, India
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Castaldi S, Valkov VT, Ricca E, Chiurazzi M, Isticato R. Use of halotolerant Bacillus amyloliquefaciens RHF6 as a bio-based strategy for alleviating salinity stress in Lotus japonicus cv Gifu. Microbiol Res 2023; 268:127274. [PMID: 36527786 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2022.127274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Halotolerant (HT) bacteria are a group of microorganisms able to thrive in environments with relatively high salt concentrations. HT-microorganisms with plant growth-promoting (PGP) characteristics have been proposed to increase plant tolerance in salty soil. Here, we evaluated the PGP properties at increasing NaCl concentrations of HT-Bacillus strains, previously shown to have beneficial effects under physiological conditions. Most of the isolated showed indole acetic acid and ammonia production and were able to solubilize phosphate and suppress the proliferation of the phytopathogenic fungus Macrophomina phaseolina 2013-1 at high salt concentrations. One of the selected strains, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens RHF6, which retained its beneficial properties up to 400 mM NaCl in vitro, was tested on the legume model plant Lotus japonicus cv Gifu under salt stress. The inoculation with RHF6 significantly improved the survival of plants under high salinity conditions, as reflected in seedling root and shoot growth and total fresh weight (increased by 40%) when compared with non-inoculated plants. The ability of RHF6 to induce a plant antioxidant response, secrete the osmoprotectant proline and reduce ethylene level via the enzymatic ACC deaminase activity indicated this strain as a potentially helpful PGPB for the treatment of degraded soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefany Castaldi
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Naples, Italy
| | - Vladimir Totev Valkov
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources (IBBR), Italian National Research Council (CNR), Napoli, Italy
| | - Ezio Ricca
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Naples, Italy
| | - Maurizio Chiurazzi
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources (IBBR), Italian National Research Council (CNR), Napoli, Italy
| | - Rachele Isticato
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Naples, Italy; Interuniversity Center for Studies on Bioinspired Agro-Environmental Technology (BAT Center), Portici, NA, Italy; National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC), Palermo 90133, Italy.
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6
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Melloni R, Cardoso EJBN. Microbiome Associated with Olive Cultivation: A Review. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:897. [PMID: 36840245 PMCID: PMC9963204 DOI: 10.3390/plants12040897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
International research has devoted much effort to the study of the impacts caused to the soil by different management practices applied to olive cultivation. Such management involves techniques considered conventional, including the control of spontaneous plants with herbicides or machines, inorganic fertilizers, and pesticides to control pests and diseases. Equally, some producers use sustainable techniques, including drastic pruning, the use of cultivars that are tolerant to diseases and adverse climates, the use of organic conditioners in the soil, the maintenance of vegetation cover with spontaneous plants, and the use of inoculants, among others. In both conventional and sustainable/organic management, the effects on soil quality, crop development, and production are accessed through the presence, activity, and/or behavior of microorganisms, microbial groups, and their processes in the soil and/or directly in the crop itself, such as endophytes and epiphytes. Thus, our present review seeks to assemble research information, not only regarding the role of microorganisms on growth and development of the olive tree (Olea europaea L.). We looked mainly for reviews that reveal the impacts of different management practices applied in countries that produce olive oil and olives, which can serve as a basis and inspiration for Brazilian studies on the subject.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rogério Melloni
- Institute of Natural Research, Federal University of Itajubá (Unifei), Itajubá 37500-903, MG, Brazil
| | - Elke J. B. N. Cardoso
- Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo (Esalq/USP), Piracicaba 13418-260, SP, Brazil
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Phour M, Sindhu SS. Mitigating abiotic stress: microbiome engineering for improving agricultural production and environmental sustainability. PLANTA 2022; 256:85. [PMID: 36125564 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-022-03997-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The responses of plants to different abiotic stresses and mechanisms involved in their mitigation are discussed. Production of osmoprotectants, antioxidants, enzymes and other metabolites by beneficial microorganisms and their bioengineering ameliorates environmental stresses to improve food production. Progressive intensification of global agriculture, injudicious use of agrochemicals and change in climate conditions have deteriorated soil health, diminished the microbial biodiversity and resulted in environment pollution along with increase in biotic and abiotic stresses. Extreme weather conditions and erratic rains have further imposed additional stress for the growth and development of plants. Dominant abiotic stresses comprise drought, temperature, increased salinity, acidity, metal toxicity and nutrient starvation in soil, which severely limit crop production. For promoting sustainable crop production in environmentally challenging environments, use of beneficial microbes has emerged as a safer and sustainable means for mitigation of abiotic stresses resulting in improved crop productivity. These stress-tolerant microorganisms play an effective role against abiotic stresses by enhancing the antioxidant potential, improving nutrient acquisition, regulating the production of plant hormones, ACC deaminase, siderophore and exopolysaccharides and accumulating osmoprotectants and, thus, stimulating plant biomass and crop yield. In addition, bioengineering of beneficial microorganisms provides an innovative approach to enhance stress tolerance in plants. The use of genetically engineered stress-tolerant microbes as inoculants of crop plants may facilitate their use for enhanced nutrient cycling along with amelioration of abiotic stresses to improve food production for the ever-increasing population. In this chapter, an overview is provided about the current understanding of plant-bacterial interactions that help in alleviating abiotic stress in different crop systems in the face of climate change. This review largely focuses on the importance and need of sustainable and environmentally friendly approaches using beneficial microbes for ameliorating the environmental stresses in our agricultural systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Phour
- Department of Microbiology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, 125004, India
- University Institute of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, India
| | - Satyavir S Sindhu
- Department of Microbiology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, 125004, India.
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Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Mediated Alleviation of Drought Stress via Non-Enzymatic Antioxidants: A Meta-Analysis. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11192448. [PMID: 36235314 PMCID: PMC9571390 DOI: 10.3390/plants11192448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Drought stress constrains plant cell metabolism and induces the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In response to drought stress, plants induce a series of physiological and biochemical changes, scavenging ROS. Among soil microbes, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are found to be effective ameliorators of ROS under drought-stress conditions. However, the comprehensive roles of the oxidative stress ameliorators mediated by AMF in alleviating drought stress are not studied in detail. The present study aims to determine the oxidative stress ameliorators using meta-analysis highlighting AMF inoculation efficacy on drought stress alleviation. The results confirmed that AMF inoculation had a significant reduction in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA), and electrolyte leakage (EL). Nevertheless, proline accumulation was found to have a non-significant correlation with AMF inoculation. Further, carotenoids and soluble sugars increased positively in AMF-inoculated plants under drought stress and there was a subsequent reduction of abscisic acid (ABA). The results of the meta-analysis reveal the benefits of AMF inoculation with reduced H2O2 levels leading to reduced lipid peroxidation (MDA) and increased membrane stability (EL). Thus, the present assessment reveals the sequence of events involved in eliciting drought stress alleviation due to AMF inoculation.
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Tang H, Hassan MU, Feng L, Nawaz M, Shah AN, Qari SH, Liu Y, Miao J. The Critical Role of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi to Improve Drought Tolerance and Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Crops. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:919166. [PMID: 35873982 PMCID: PMC9298553 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.919166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Drought stress (DS) is a serious abiotic stress and a major concern across the globe as its intensity is continuously climbing. Therefore, it is direly needed to develop new management strategies to mitigate the adverse effects of DS to ensure better crop productivity and food security. The use of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) has emerged as an important approach in recent years to improve crop productivity under DS conditions. AMF establishes a relationship with 80% of land plants and it induces pronounced impacts on plant growth and provides protection to plants from abiotic stress. Drought stress significantly reduces plant growth and development by inducing oxidative stress, disturbing membrane integrity, plant water relations, nutrient uptake, photosynthetic activity, photosynthetic apparatus, and anti-oxidant activities. However, AMF can significantly improve the plant tolerance against DS. AMF maintains membrane integrity, improves plant water contents, nutrient and water uptake, and water use efficiency (WUE) therefore, improve the plant growth under DS. Moreover, AMF also protects the photosynthetic apparatus from drought-induced oxidative stress and improves photosynthetic efficiency, osmolytes, phenols and hormone accumulation, and reduces the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by increasing anti-oxidant activities and gene expression which provide the tolerance to plants against DS. Therefore, it is imperative to understand the role of AMF in plants grown under DS. This review presented the different functions of AMF in different responses of plants under DS. We have provided a detailed picture of the different mechanisms mediated by AMF to induce drought tolerance in plants. Moreover, we also identified the potential research gaps that must be fulfilled for a promising future for AMF. Lastly, nitrogen (N) is an important nutrient needed for plant growth and development, however, the efficiency of applied N fertilizers is quite low. Therefore, we also present the information on how AMF improves N uptake and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiying Tang
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Hunan University of Humanities, Science and Technology, Loudi, China
| | - Muhammad Umair Hassan
- Research Center on Ecological Sciences, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Liang Feng
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Key Laboratory of Crop Eco-physiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu, China
| | - Muhammad Nawaz
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan
| | - Adnan Noor Shah
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan
| | - Sameer H. Qari
- Department of Biology, Al-Jumum University College, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ying Liu
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Hunan University of Humanities, Science and Technology, Loudi, China
| | - Jianqun Miao
- School of Computer Information and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
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Barros WT, Barreto-Garcia PAB, Saggin Júnior OJ, Scoriza RN, Silva MSDA. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi community in coffee agroforestry, consortium and monoculture systems. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2022; 94:e20201228. [PMID: 35766594 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202220201228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the effects of different production systems on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can help to interpret interactions between their components and to define management strategies. As a result, our study was conducted on soils under three coffee production systems (one homogeneous and two heterogeneous) and in a native forest located in the Bahia state, Brazil. This study aimed to answer the following questions: 1) Does the organization and management of the coffee production system affect the occurrence and diversity of AMF?; and 2) Is the seasonality effect similar between systems? To do so, soil samples (0-10 cm depth) were collected at two times of the year (rainy and dry). Number of spores (NS) and average richness did not show differences between the systems, only between seasons. There was a reduction in NS in the dry season (1.4 and 2.7 spores g-1 soil) in relation to the rainy season (3.8 to 12.5 spores g-1 soil). The influence of coffee production systems was observed in the presence and absence of some AMF species. The AMF community was shown to be related to the plant species composition of the system, which was reflected in the dissimilarity of heterogeneous systems in relation to the coffee monoculture system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Welluma T Barros
- Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia - UESB, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agronomia, Estrada do Bem Querer, Km 4, Caixa Postal 95, 45083-900 Vitória da Conquista, BA, Brazil
| | - Patrícia A B Barreto-Garcia
- Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia - UESB, Departamento de Engenharia Agrícola e Solos, Estrada do Bem Querer, Km 4, Caixa Postal 95, 45083-900 Vitória da Conquista, BA, Brazil
| | - Orivaldo José Saggin Júnior
- Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária - Embrapa Agrobiologia, Rodovia BR-465, Km 7, Bairro Ecologia, 23891-000 Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
| | - Rafael N Scoriza
- Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia - UESB, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Florestais, Estrada do Bem Querer, Km 4, Caixa Postal 95, 45083-900 Vitória da Conquista, BA, Brazil
| | - Maicon S DA Silva
- Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia - UESB, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Florestais, Estrada do Bem Querer, Km 4, Caixa Postal 95, 45083-900 Vitória da Conquista, BA, Brazil
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11
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Chandrasekaran M. Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Mediated Enhanced Biomass, Root Morphological Traits and Nutrient Uptake under Drought Stress: A Meta-Analysis. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8070660. [PMID: 35887417 PMCID: PMC9323047 DOI: 10.3390/jof8070660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Drought stress remains the major constraint in affecting crop productivity in several arid and semi-arid areas highlighting climate change perspectives. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) belong to a versatile class of plant−fungal symbiotic associations establishing drought stress alleviation. Nevertheless, the mechanistic mode of sustainable agriculture necessitates rigorous assessment for authentic and reproducible plant growth parameters. Understanding the plant growth promotion, root morphological changes, and nutrient uptake response in AMF-inoculated plants to drought is very important for sustainable agriculture. Therefore, conducted a meta-analysis of published research articles for determining the efficacy of AMF in alleviating drought stress. Overall analysis showed that AM inoculated plants had 49% higher plant growth promotion than the non-mycorrhizal plants under drought stress. Biomass analysis depicted the root dry weight increase by 49%, shoot dry weight increase by 54%, and total dry weight increase by 58% indicating plant biomass traits augmentation. Root morphological traits analysis corresponded to increased root length (37%), root surface (31%), and root volume (65%). Notably, nutrient uptake assessment showed variable increases in uptake patterns such as P uptake by 86%, N uptake by 35%, and K uptake by 46%. Furthermore, the prominent efficacy of AMF was significantly larger under drought for P uptake (p < 0.001) and root volume (p < 0.001) indicating the linear relationship between root length and P uptake. Thus, the present meta-analysis confirms that drought stress alleviation emancipated by AMF is mediated by root traits modification and phosphorous acquisition efficacy. Hence, meta-analyses along with experimental validations with field trial evaluations will certainly provide the AMF research for escalated applications for better plant productivity, stress alleviation, and sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murugesan Chandrasekaran
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sejong University, 209-Neundong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05006, Korea
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Xie L, Zhou X, Liu Q, Zhao C, Yin C. Inorganic nitrogen uptake rate of Picea asperata curtailed by fine root acclimation to water and nitrogen supply and further by ectomycorrhizae. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 173:2130-2141. [PMID: 34537962 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi colonization and function depend on soil water and nutrient supply. To study the effects of resource supply on ECM colonization and inorganic nitrogen (N) uptake by roots of Picea asperata seedlings, we conducted a study at the end of a 5-year long experiment consisting of five watering regimes (40, 50, 60, 80, and 100% of field capacity) and three NH4 NO3 application rates (0 [N0], 20 [N1], and 40 [N2] g N m-2 year-1 ). We measured fluxes of ammonium ( NH 4 + ) and nitrate ( NO 3 - ) into colonized and uncolonized roots using noninvasive microtest technology. We found that, across the N supply levels, ECM colonization rate increased by 53 ± 14% from the highest to the lowest level of water supply. Across the watering regimes, the fraction of mycorrhizal root tips was 39 ± 4% higher under native N supply compared to roots grown under N additions. As expected for conifers, both colonized and uncolonized roots absorbed NH 4 + at a higher rate than NO 3 - . N additions reduced the instantaneous ion uptake rates of uncolonized roots grown under low water supply but enhanced the fluxes into roots grown under sufficient soil water availability. Soil water supply improves inorganic N uptake by uncolonized roots but reduces the efficiency of colonized roots. Under the lowest water supply regime, the uptake rate of NH 4 + and NO 3 - by colonized roots was 40-80% of those by uncolonized roots, decreasing to 20-30% as soil water supply improved. Taken together, our results suggest that the role ectomycorrhizae play in the nutrient acquisition of P. asperata seedling likely diminishes with increasing availability of soil resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Xie
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization and Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
- College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xingmei Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization and Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Qinghua Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization and Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Chunzhang Zhao
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Synergetic Control and Joint Remediation for Soil & Water Pollution, College of Ecology and Environment, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
| | - Chunying Yin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization and Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
- College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Santander C, García S, Moreira J, Aponte H, Araneda P, Olave J, Vidal G, Cornejo P. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal abundance in elevation belts of the hyperarid Atacama Desert. FUNGAL ECOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2021.101060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Santander C, Aroca R, Cartes P, Vidal G, Cornejo P. Aquaporins and cation transporters are differentially regulated by two arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi strains in lettuce cultivars growing under salinity conditions. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 158:396-409. [PMID: 33248899 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The aim was to identify the effects of AM symbiosis on the expression patterns of genes associated with K+ and Na+ compartmentalization and translocation and on K+/Na+ homeostasis in some lettuce (Lactuca sativa) cultivars as well as the effects of the relative abundance of plant AQPs on plant water status. Two AM fungi species (Funneliformis mosseae and Claroideoglomus lamellosum) isolated from the hyper-arid Atacama Desert (northern Chile) were inoculated to two lettuce cultivars (Grand Rapids and Lollo Bionda), and watered with 0 and 60 mM NaCl. At 60 days of plant growth, the AM symbiotic development, biomass production, nutrient content (Pi, Na+, K+), physiological parameters, gene expressions of ion channels and transporters (NHX and HKT1), and aquaporins proteins abundance (phosphorylated and non-phosphorylated) were evaluated. Salinity increased the AM root colonization by both inocula. AM lettuce plants showed an improved growth, increased relative water content and improved of K/Na ratio in root. In Grand Rapids cultivar, the high efficiency of photosystem II was higher than Lollo Bionda cultivar; on the contrary, stomatal conductance was higher in Lollo Bionda. Nevertheless, both parameters were increased by AM colonization. In the same way, LsaHKT1;1, LsaHKT1;6, LsaNHX2, LsaNHX4, LsaNHX6 and LsaNHX8 genes and aquaporins PIP2 were up-regulated differentially by both AM fungi. The improved plant growth was closely related to a higher water status due to increased PIP2 abundance, as well as to the upregulation of LsaNHX gene expression, which concomitantly improved plant nutrition and K+/Na+ homeostasis maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Santander
- Centro de Investigación en Micorrizas y Sustentabilidad Agroambiental, CIMYSA, Universidad de La Frontera, P.O. Box 54-D, Temuco, Chile; Universidad Arturo Prat, Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Recursos Hídricos (CIDERH), Vivar 493 2nd floor, Iquique, Chile
| | - Ricardo Aroca
- Departamento de Microbiología del Suelo y Sistemas Simbióticos, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, Profesor Albareda 1, 18008, Granada, Spain
| | - Paula Cartes
- Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, BIOREN-UFRO, Universidad de La Frontera, P.O. Box 54-D, Temuco, Chile
| | - Gladys Vidal
- Grupo de Ingeniería y Biotecnología Ambiental, Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales y Centro EULA-Chile, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Pablo Cornejo
- Centro de Investigación en Micorrizas y Sustentabilidad Agroambiental, CIMYSA, Universidad de La Frontera, P.O. Box 54-D, Temuco, Chile.
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Mechri B, Tekaya M, Attia F, Hammami M, Chehab H. Drought stress improved the capacity of Rhizophagus irregularis for inducing the accumulation of oleuropein and mannitol in olive (Olea europaea) roots. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 156:178-191. [PMID: 32961433 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Olive trees are often subjected to a prolonged dry season with low water availability, which induces oxidative stress. Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbioses can improve olive plant tolerance to water deficit. This study investigated several aspects related to drought tolerance in AM fungi olive plants. Non-AM and AM plants were grown under well-watered or drought-stressed conditions, and mycorrhizal growth response, neutral lipid fatty acid (NLFA)16:1ω5 and phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) 16:1ω5 in roots (intraradical mycelium) and in soil (extraradical mycelium), carbohydrates (monosaccharides, disaccharides and polyols) and phenolic compounds (phenolic alcohols, flavonoids, lignans, secoiridoids and hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives) were determined. Results showed that the amounts of PLFA 16:1ω5 and NLFA 16:1ω5 were significantly influenced by drought stress conditions. The NLFA 16:1ω5/PLFA 16:1ω5 ratio showed a dramatic decrease (-62%) with the application of water deficit stress, indicating that AM fungi allocated low carbon to storage structures under stress conditions. Mannitol and verbascoside are the main compounds detected in the roots of well-watered plants, whereas oleuropein and mannitol are the main compounds differentially accumulated in the roots of water-stressed plants. The oleuropein/verbascoside ratio increased in the case of drought-stressed AM plants by 30%, while the mannitol/oleuropein ratio was decreased by 46%, when compared to the non-AM stressed plants. Mycorrhization therefore oriented the flux toward the biosynthetic pathway of oleuropein and the data suggest that sugar and phenolic compound metabolism may have been redirected to the formation of oleuropein in roots of AM stressed plants, that may underlie their enhanced tolerance to drought stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beligh Mechri
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, USCR Mass Spectrometry, LR-NAFS/LR12ES05 Nutrition Functional Foods and Vascular Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Monastir, 5019, Monastir, Tunisia.
| | - Meriem Tekaya
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, USCR Mass Spectrometry, LR-NAFS/LR12ES05 Nutrition Functional Foods and Vascular Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Monastir, 5019, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Faouzi Attia
- The Olive Tree Institute, Unit Specializing in Sousse, Ibn Khaldoun Street B.P. 14, 4061, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Hammami
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, USCR Mass Spectrometry, LR-NAFS/LR12ES05 Nutrition Functional Foods and Vascular Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Monastir, 5019, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Hechmi Chehab
- The Olive Tree Institute, Unit Specializing in Sousse, Ibn Khaldoun Street B.P. 14, 4061, Sousse, Tunisia
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Kumar Arora N, Fatima T, Mishra J, Mishra I, Verma S, Verma R, Verma M, Bhattacharya A, Verma P, Mishra P, Bharti C. Halo-tolerant plant growth promoting rhizobacteria for improving productivity and remediation of saline soils. J Adv Res 2020; 26:69-82. [PMID: 33133684 PMCID: PMC7584680 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2020.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The collective impact of climate change and soil salinity is continuously increasing the degraded lands across the globe, bringing agricultural productivity and food security under stress. The high concentration of salts in saline soils impose osmotic, ionic, oxidative and water stress in plants. Biological solutions can be the most reliable and sustainable approach to ensure food security and limit the use of agro-chemicals. Aim of Review Halo-tolerant plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (HT-PGPR) are emerging as efficient biological tools to mitigate the toxic effects of high salt concentrations and improve the growth of plants, simultaneously remediating the degraded saline soils. The review explains the role of HT-PGPR in mitigating the salinity stress in plants through diverse mechanisms and concurrently leading to improvement of soil quality. Key Scientific Concepts of Review HT-PGPR are involved in alleviating the salinity stress in plants through a number of mechanisms evoking multipronged physiological, biochemical and molecular responses. These include changes in expression of defense-related proteins, exopolysaccharides synthesis, activation of antioxidant machinery, accumulation of osmolytes, maintaining the Na+ kinetics and improving the levels of phytohormones and nutrient uptake in plants. The modification of signaling by HT-PGPR inoculation under stress conditions elicits induced systemic resistance in plants which further prepares them against salinity stress. The role of microbial-mechanisms in remediating the saline soil through structural and compositional improvements is also important. Development of novel bioinoculants for saline soils based on the concepts presented in the review can be a sustainable approach in improving productivity of affected agro-ecosystems and simultaneously remediating them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveen Kumar Arora
- Department of Environmental Science, School for Environmental Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, UP, India
| | - Tahmish Fatima
- Department of Microbiology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, UP, India
| | - Jitendra Mishra
- DST-CPR, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, UP, India
| | - Isha Mishra
- Department of Microbiology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, UP, India
| | - Sushma Verma
- Department of Microbiology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, UP, India
| | - Renu Verma
- Department of Microbiology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, UP, India
| | - Maya Verma
- Uttar Pradesh Pollution Control Board (UPPCB), Lucknow, UP, India
| | - Ankita Bhattacharya
- Department of Environmental Science, School for Environmental Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, UP, India
| | - Priyanka Verma
- Department of Environmental Science, School for Environmental Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, UP, India
| | - Priya Mishra
- Department of Environmental Science, School for Environmental Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, UP, India
| | - Chanda Bharti
- Department of Environmental Science, School for Environmental Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, UP, India
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Kavroulakis N, Tsiknia M, Ipsilantis I, Kavadia A, Stedel C, Psarras G, Tzerakis C, Doupis G, Karpouzas DG, Papadopoulou KK, Ehaliotis C. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus inocula from coastal sand dunes arrest olive cutting growth under salinity stress. MYCORRHIZA 2020; 30:475-489. [PMID: 32519068 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-020-00963-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cultivation of olive trees covers large coastal areas of land in Mediterranean regions, many of them characterized by low soil fertility and exposed to salinity and seasonal drought. In this frame, we developed mixed community inocula of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) derived from the extreme, seasonally arid environments of six Mediterranean sand dunes and evaluated their effects, in the form of community inocula, on rooted semi-woody olive tree cuttings (Olea europaea cv. Koroneiki). The plantlets were grown in the greenhouse for 10 months under 50 mM and 100 mM concentrations of NaCl, successively applied to induce osmotic stress. Inoculation had a positive effect on plant growth and nutrient uptake. However, the three best-performing inocula in early colonization and in plant growth enhancement also resulted in high plant sensitivity to high salinity, which was not observed for the other three inocula. This was expressed by decreased nutrient uptake and drastically lower plant growth, plant photosynthesis, and stomatal conductance (generally an over 50% reduction compared to no salinity application). Amplicon sequencing analysis of the olive plants under salinity stress showed that the AMF communities in the roots were clearly differentiated by inoculation treatment. We could not, however, consistently associate the plant responses observed under high salinity with specific shared AMF community membership or assembly attributes. The observed physiological overreaction to osmotic stress may be an adaptation trait, potentially brought about by host selection coupled to abiotic environmental filtering, in the harsh conditions from which the AMF inocula were derived. The overreaction may, however, be undesirable if conveyed to allochthonous plants at an agronomic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Kavroulakis
- Institute of Olive Tree, Subtropical Plants and Viticulture, Hellenic Agricultural Organization "Demeter", Chania, Crete, Greece
| | - M Tsiknia
- Soils and Soil Chemistry Lab, Department of Natural Resources and Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - I Ipsilantis
- Faculty of Agriculture, Soil Science Laboratory, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - A Kavadia
- Soils and Soil Chemistry Lab, Department of Natural Resources and Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - C Stedel
- Soils and Soil Chemistry Lab, Department of Natural Resources and Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Laboratory of Plant and Environmental Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41500, Larissa, Greece
| | - G Psarras
- Institute of Olive Tree, Subtropical Plants and Viticulture, Hellenic Agricultural Organization "Demeter", Chania, Crete, Greece
| | - C Tzerakis
- Institute of Olive Tree, Subtropical Plants and Viticulture, Hellenic Agricultural Organization "Demeter", Chania, Crete, Greece
| | - G Doupis
- Institute of Olive Tree, Subtropical Plants and Viticulture, Hellenic Agricultural Organization "Demeter", Chania, Crete, Greece
| | - D G Karpouzas
- Laboratory of Plant and Environmental Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41500, Larissa, Greece
| | - K K Papadopoulou
- Laboratory of Plant and Environmental Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41500, Larissa, Greece
| | - C Ehaliotis
- Soils and Soil Chemistry Lab, Department of Natural Resources and Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
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Bizos G, Papatheodorou EM, Chatzistathis T, Ntalli N, Aschonitis VG, Monokrousos N. The Role of Microbial Inoculants on Plant Protection, Growth Stimulation, and Crop Productivity of the Olive Tree ( Olea europea L.). PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9060743. [PMID: 32545638 PMCID: PMC7356289 DOI: 10.3390/plants9060743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The olive tree (Olea europaea L.) is an emblematic, long-living fruit tree species of profound economic and environmental importance. This study is a literature review of articles published during the last 10 years about the role of beneficial microbes [Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF), Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR), Plant Growth Promoting Fungi (PGPF), and Endophytes] on olive tree plant growth and productivity, pathogen control, and alleviation from abiotic stress. The majority of the studies examined the AMF effect using mostly Rhizophagus irregularis and Glomus mosseae species. These AMF species stimulate the root growth improving the resistance of olive plants to environmental and transplantation stresses. Among the PGPR, the nitrogen-fixing bacteria Azospirillum sp. and potassium- and phosphorous-solubilizing Bacillus sp. species were studied extensively. These PGPR species were combined with proper cultural practices and improved considerably olive plant’s growth. The endophytic bacterial species Pseudomonas fluorescens and Bacillus sp., as well as the fungal species Trichoderma sp. were identified as the most effective biocontrol agents against olive tree diseases (e.g., Verticillium wilt, root rot, and anthracnose).
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Bizos
- Laboratory of Molecular Ecology, International Hellenic University, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Efimia M. Papatheodorou
- Department of Ecology, School of Biology, Aristotle University, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Correspondence: (E.M.P.); (N.M.)
| | - Theocharis Chatzistathis
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources, Hellenic Agricultural Organization-Demeter, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece; (T.C.); (V.G.A.)
| | - Nikoletta Ntalli
- Department of Pesticides Control and Phytopharmacy, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, 8 S. Delta Str., 14561 Athens, Greece;
| | - Vassilis G. Aschonitis
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources, Hellenic Agricultural Organization-Demeter, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece; (T.C.); (V.G.A.)
| | - Nikolaos Monokrousos
- Laboratory of Molecular Ecology, International Hellenic University, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece;
- Correspondence: (E.M.P.); (N.M.)
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Fuentes A, Herrera H, Charles TC, Arriagada C. Fungal and Bacterial Microbiome Associated with the Rhizosphere of Native Plants from the Atacama Desert. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8020209. [PMID: 32033093 PMCID: PMC7074712 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8020209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The rhizosphere microbiome is key in survival, development, and stress tolerance in plants. Salinity, drought, and extreme temperatures are frequent events in the Atacama Desert, considered the driest in the world. However, little information of the rhizosphere microbiome and its possible contribution to the adaptation and tolerance of plants that inhabit the desert is available. We used a high-throughput Illumina MiSeq sequencing approach to explore the composition, diversity, and functions of fungal and bacterial communities of the rhizosphere of Baccharis scandens and Solanum chilense native plants from the Atacama Desert. Our results showed that the fungal phyla Ascomycota and Basidiomycota and the bacterial phyla Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria were the dominant taxa in the rhizosphere of both plants. The linear discriminant analysis (LDA) effect size (LefSe) of the rhizosphere communities associated with B. scandens showed the genera Penicillium and Arthrobacter were the preferential taxa, whereas the genera Oidiodendron and Nitrospirae was the preferential taxa in S. chilense. Both plant showed similar diversity, richness, and abundance according to Shannon index, observed OTUs, and evenness. Our results indicate that there are no significant differences (p = 0.1) between the fungal and bacterial communities of both plants, however through LefSe, we find taxa associated with each plant species and the PCoA shows a separation between the samples of each species. This study provides knowledge to relate the assembly of the microbiome to the adaptability to drought stress in desert plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Fuentes
- Laboratorio Biorremediación, Departamento de Ciencias Forestales, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Forestales, Universidad de La Frontera, Francisco Salazar, Temuco 01145, Chile; (A.F.); (H.H.)
| | - Héctor Herrera
- Laboratorio Biorremediación, Departamento de Ciencias Forestales, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Forestales, Universidad de La Frontera, Francisco Salazar, Temuco 01145, Chile; (A.F.); (H.H.)
| | - Trevor C. Charles
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1; Canada;
| | - Cesar Arriagada
- Laboratorio Biorremediación, Departamento de Ciencias Forestales, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Forestales, Universidad de La Frontera, Francisco Salazar, Temuco 01145, Chile; (A.F.); (H.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +56-045-2325662; Fax: +56-045-2341467
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A Review of Studies from the Last Twenty Years on Plant–Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Associations and Their Uses for Wheat Crops. AGRONOMY-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/agronomy9120840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to summarize the most recent research focused on the study of plant–arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) symbiosis, both in a generic context and in the specific context of wheat cultivation. Taking into account the last 20 years, the most significant studies on the main plant advantages taken from this association are reviewed herein. Positive advances that have been reported stem from the mutualistic relationship between the plant and the mycorrhizal fungus, revealing better performance for the host in terms of nutrient uptake and protection from salinity, lack of water, and excess phytotoxic elements. Mycorrhiza studies and the recent progress in research in this sector have shown a possible solution for environmental sustainability: AMF represent a valid alternative to overcome the loss of biological fertility of soils, reduce chemical inputs, and alleviate the effects of biotic and abiotic stress.
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21
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Calvo-Polanco M, Armada E, Zamarreño AM, García-Mina JM, Aroca R. Local root ABA/cytokinin status and aquaporins regulate poplar responses to mild drought stress independently of the ectomycorrhizal fungus Laccaria bicolor. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:6437-6446. [PMID: 31504720 PMCID: PMC6859725 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The relatively better performance of mycorrhizal plants subjected to drought stress has commonly been linked to improved root water uptake through the fungal regulation of plant aquaporins and hormones. In this study, we examined the role of ectomycorrhizal fungi in plant water relations and plant hormonal balance under mild drought using split-root seedlings of Populus trichocarpa × deltoides either with or without inoculation with Laccaria bicolor. The root compartments where the drought treatment was applied had higher ABA and lower cytokinin tZR contents, and greater expression of the plant aquaporins PtPIP1;1, PtPIP1;2, PtPIP2;5, and PtPIP2;7. On the other hand, the presence of L. bicolor within the roots down-regulated PtPIP1;4, PtPIP2;3, and PtPIP2;10, and reduced the abundance of PIP2 proteins. In addition, expression of the fungal aquaporins JQ585595 and JQ585596 were positively correlated with root ABA content, while tZR content was positively correlated with PtPIP1;4 and negatively correlated with PtPIP2;7. The results demonstrate a coordinated plant-fungal system that regulates the different mechanisms involved in water uptake in ectomycorrhizal poplar plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Calvo-Polanco
- Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC). Department of Soil Microbiology and Symbiotic Systems, C/ Profesor Albareda, Granada, Spain
| | - Elisabeth Armada
- Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC). Department of Soil Microbiology and Symbiotic Systems, C/ Profesor Albareda, Granada, Spain
| | - Angel María Zamarreño
- Department of Environmental Biology, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea, Pamplona, Spain
| | | | - Ricardo Aroca
- Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC). Department of Soil Microbiology and Symbiotic Systems, C/ Profesor Albareda, Granada, Spain
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Paymaneh Z, Sarcheshmehpour M, Bukovská P, Jansa J. Could indigenous arbuscular mycorrhizal communities be used to improve tolerance of pistachio to salinity and/or drought? Symbiosis 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13199-019-00645-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Jiménez-Herrera R, Pacheco-López B, Peragón J. Water Stress, Irrigation and Concentrations of Pentacyclic Triterpenes and Phenols in Olea europaea L. cv. Picual Olive Trees. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8080294. [PMID: 31398872 PMCID: PMC6719219 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8080294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Pentacyclic triterpenes and phenols are two types of bioactive molecules found in olive trees that have important activities related to health and disease prevention. Triterpenes, including oleanolic acid, maslinic acid, erythrodiol and uvaol, show antitumoral activities, and phenols such as oleuropein, tyrosol, and hydroxytyrosol are natural antioxidants. The concentration of these metabolites is considered a marker of the quality of olives and olive oil. In recent years, a lack of rain water has caused important economic losses relating to olive trees grown in Jaén, Spain. In this work, we investigated the effect of water stress by drought on the concentration of pentacyclic triterpenes and phenols in the fruits, leaves, stems and roots of cv. Picual olive trees, by comparing the concentration found in water-stressed versus irrigated plants. We used HPLC-UV/Vis and HPLC-MS to identify and determine the concentration of each individual compound. Our results showed that important changes in the concentration of these compounds are produced in response to water stress in different organs. The total content of most of these compounds in the fruits was significantly reduced, affecting their quality and production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Jiménez-Herrera
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Section, Department of Experimental Biology, Campus Las Lagunillas, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain
| | - Beatriz Pacheco-López
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Section, Department of Experimental Biology, Campus Las Lagunillas, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain
| | - Juan Peragón
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Section, Department of Experimental Biology, Campus Las Lagunillas, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain.
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Mhlongo NT, Tekere M, Sibanda T. Prevalence and public health implications of mycotoxigenic fungi in treated drinking water systems. JOURNAL OF WATER AND HEALTH 2019; 17:517-531. [PMID: 31313991 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2019.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Insufficient potable water resources and poorly treated drinking water quality are the world's number one cause for preventable morbidity and mortality from water-related pathogenic microorganisms. Pathogenic microorganisms, including mycotoxigenic fungi, have been identified in treated drinking water. This paper presents a review of mycotoxigenic fungi as a health risk to the public as these fungi are responsible for allergies, cancers and opportunistic infections mainly to immunocompromised patients. The exacerbating factors contributing to fungal presence in water distribution systems, factors that lead to fungi being resistant to water treatment and treated drinking water quality legislations are also discussed. This paper provides a review on the prevalence of mycotoxigenic fungi and their implications to public health in treated drinking water, and the need for inclusion in treated drinking water quality regulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ntombie Thandazile Mhlongo
- Department of Environmental Sciences, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, P.O. Box X6, Florida 1710, Johannesburg, South Africa E-mail:
| | - Memory Tekere
- Department of Environmental Sciences, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, P.O. Box X6, Florida 1710, Johannesburg, South Africa E-mail:
| | - Timothy Sibanda
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Namibia, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek, Namibia
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25
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Guerrero-Galán C, Calvo-Polanco M, Zimmermann SD. Ectomycorrhizal symbiosis helps plants to challenge salt stress conditions. MYCORRHIZA 2019; 29:291-301. [PMID: 31011805 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-019-00894-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Soil salinity is an environmental condition that is currently increasing worldwide. Plant growth under salinity induces osmotic stress and ion toxicity impairing root water and nutrient absorption, but the association with beneficial soil microorganisms has been linked to an improved adaptation to this constraint. The ectomycorrhizal (ECM) symbiosis has been proposed as a key factor for a better tolerance of woody species to salt stress, thanks to the reduction of sodium (Na+) uptake towards photosynthetic organs. Although no precise mechanisms for this enhanced plant salt tolerance have been described yet, in this review, we summarize the knowledge accumulated so far on the role of ECM symbiosis. Moreover, we propose several strategies by which ECM fungi might help plants, including restriction of Na+ entrance into plant tissues and improvement of mineral nutrition and water balances. This positive effect of ECM fungi has been proven in field assays and the results obtained point to a promising application in forestry cultures and reforestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Guerrero-Galán
- BPMP, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRA, SupAgro, Montpellier, France
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentación (INIA), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), 28223, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain
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26
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Calvo-Polanco M, Ruiz-Lozano JM, Azcón R, Molina S, Beuzon CR, García JL, Cantos M, Aroca R. Phenotypic and molecular traits determine the tolerance of olive trees to drought stress. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2019; 139:521-527. [PMID: 31015091 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Olive trees are known for their capacity to adapt to drought through several phenotypic and molecular variations, although this can vary according to the different provenances of the same olive cultivar. We confronted the same olive cultivar from two different location in Spain: Freila, in the Granada province, with low annual precipitation, and Grazalema, in the Cadiz province, with high annual precipitation, and subjected them to five weeks of severe drought stress. We found distinctive physiological and developmental adaptations among the two provenances. Thus, trees from Freila subjected to drought stress exhibited increasing root dry weights and decreasing leaf numbers and relative stem heights. On the other hand, the treatment with drought in Grazalema trees reduced their leaf chlorophyll contents, but increased their relative stem diameter and their root hydraulic conductivity. The physiological responses of Freila tree roots to drought were linked to different molecular adaptations that involved the regulation of genes related to transcription factors induced by ABA, auxin and ethylene signaling, as well as, the action of a predicted membrane intrinsic protein (MIP). On the other hand, the responses of Grazalema trees were related with different root genes related to oxidation-reduction, ATP synthesis, transduction and posttranslational regulation, with a special mention to the cytokinins signaling through the transcript predicted as a histidine-containing phosphotransfer protein. Our results show that olive trees adapted to dry environments will adjust their growth and water uptake capacity through transcription factors regulation, and this will influence the different physiological responses to drought stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Calvo-Polanco
- Department of Soil Microbiology and Symbiotic Systems, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC), C/Profesor Albareda 1, 18008, Granada, Spain.
| | - Juan Manuel Ruiz-Lozano
- Department of Soil Microbiology and Symbiotic Systems, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC), C/Profesor Albareda 1, 18008, Granada, Spain
| | - Rosario Azcón
- Department of Soil Microbiology and Symbiotic Systems, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC), C/Profesor Albareda 1, 18008, Granada, Spain
| | - Sonia Molina
- Department of Soil Microbiology and Symbiotic Systems, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC), C/Profesor Albareda 1, 18008, Granada, Spain
| | - Carmen R Beuzon
- Department of Cellular Biology, Genetics and Physiology, Campus de Teatinos, University of Málaga, 29010, Málaga, Spain
| | - José Luis García
- Department of Cellular Biology, Genetics and Physiology, Campus de Teatinos, University of Málaga, 29010, Málaga, Spain
| | - Manuel Cantos
- Department of Plant Biotechnnology, Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología (CSIC), Av. Reina Mercedes, 10 41012, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Ricardo Aroca
- Department of Soil Microbiology and Symbiotic Systems, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC), C/Profesor Albareda 1, 18008, Granada, Spain
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Zhang L, Chen L, Dong H. Plant Aquaporins in Infection by and Immunity Against Pathogens - A Critical Review. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:632. [PMID: 31191567 PMCID: PMC6546722 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Plant aquaporins (AQPs) of the plasma membrane intrinsic protein (PIP) family face constant risk of hijack by pathogens aiming to infect plants. PIPs can also be involved in plant immunity against infection. This review will utilize two case studies to discuss biochemical and structural mechanisms that govern the functions of PIPs in the regulation of plant infection and immunity. The first example concerns the interaction between rice Oryza sativa and the bacterial blight pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo). To infect rice, Xoo uses the type III (T3) secretion system to secrete the proteic translocator Hpa1, and Hpa1 subsequently mediates the translocation of T3 effectors secreted by this system. Once shifted from bacteria into rice cells, effectors exert virulent or avirulent effects depending on the susceptibility of the rice varieties. The translocator function of Hpa1 requires cooperation with OsPIP1;3, the rice interactor of Hpa1. This role of OsPIP1;3 is related to regulatory models of effector translocation. The regulatory models have been proposed as, translocon-dependent delivery, translocon-independent pore formation, and effector endocytosis with membrane protein/lipid trafficking. The second case study includes the interaction of Hpa1 with the H2O2 transport channel AtPIP1;4, and the associated consequence for H2O2 signal transduction of immunity pathways in Arabidopsis thaliana, a non-host of Xoo. H2O2 is generated in the apoplast upon induction by a pathogen or microbial pattern. H2O2 from this source translocates quickly into Arabidopsis cells, where it interacts with pathways of intracellular immunity to confer plant resistance against diseases. To expedite H2O2 transport, AtPIP1;4 must adopt a specific conformation in a number of ways, including channel width extension through amino acid interactions and selectivity for H2O2 through amino acid protonation and tautomeric reactions. Both topics will reference relevant studies, conducted on other organisms and AQPs, to highlight possible mechanisms of T3 effector translocation currently under debate, and highlight the structural basis of AtPIP1;4 in H2O2 transport facilitated by gating and trafficking regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyuan Zhang
- Plant Immunity Research Group, National Key Laboratory of Crop Science, Department of Plant Pathology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Plant Immunity Research Group, National Key Laboratory of Crop Science, Department of Plant Pathology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Hansong Dong
- Plant Immunity Research Group, National Key Laboratory of Crop Science, Department of Plant Pathology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
- Plant Immunity Laboratory, Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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28
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Microbes in Cahoots with Plants: MIST to Hit the Jackpot of Agricultural Productivity during Drought. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20071769. [PMID: 30974865 PMCID: PMC6480072 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20071769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Drought conditions marked by water deficit impede plant growth thus causing recurrent decline in agricultural productivity. Presently, research efforts are focussed towards harnessing the potential of microbes to enhance crop production during drought. Microbial communities, such as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) buddy up with plants to boost crop productivity during drought via microbial induced systemic tolerance (MIST). The present review summarizes MIST mechanisms during drought comprised of modulation in phytohormonal profiles, sturdy antioxidant defence, osmotic grapnel, bacterial exopolysaccharides (EPS) or AMF glomalin production, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), expression of fungal aquaporins and stress responsive genes, which alters various physiological processes such as hydraulic conductance, transpiration rate, stomatal conductivity and photosynthesis in host plants. Molecular studies have revealed microbial induced differential expression of various genes such as ERD15 (Early Response to Dehydration 15), RAB18 (ABA-responsive gene) in Arabidopsis, COX1 (regulates energy and carbohydrate metabolism), PKDP (protein kinase), AP2-EREBP (stress responsive pathway), Hsp20, bZIP1 and COC1 (chaperones in ABA signalling) in Pseudomonas fluorescens treated rice, LbKT1, LbSKOR (encoding potassium channels) in Lycium, PtYUC3 and PtYUC8 (IAA biosynthesis) in AMF inoculated Poncirus, ADC, AIH, CPA, SPDS, SPMS and SAMDC (polyamine biosynthesis) in PGPR inoculated Arabidopsis, 14-3-3 genes (TFT1-TFT12 genes in ABA signalling pathways) in AMF treated Solanum, ACO, ACS (ethylene biosynthesis), jasmonate MYC2 gene in chick pea, PR1 (SA regulated gene), pdf1.2 (JA marker genes) and VSP1 (ethylene-response gene) in Pseudomonas treated Arabidopsis plants. Moreover, the key role of miRNAs in MIST has also been recorded in Pseudomonas putida RA treated chick pea plants.
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29
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Franzini VI, Azcón R, Ruiz-Lozano JM, Aroca R. Rhizobial symbiosis modifies root hydraulic properties in bean plants under non-stressed and salinity-stressed conditions. PLANTA 2019; 249:1207-1215. [PMID: 30603790 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-018-03076-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Rhizobial symbiosis improved the water status of bean plants under salinity-stress conditions, in part by increasing their osmotic root water flow. One of the main problems for agriculture worldwide is the increasing salinization of farming lands. The use of soil beneficial microorganisms stands up as a way to tackle this problem. One approach is the use of rhizobial N2-fixing, nodule-forming bacteria. Salinity-stress causes leaf dehydration due to an imbalance between water lost through stomata and water absorbed by roots. The aim of the present study was to elucidate how rhizobial symbiosis modulates the water status of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) plants under salinity-stress conditions, by assessing the effects on root hydraulic properties. Bean plants were inoculated or not with a Rhizobium leguminosarum strain and subjected to moderate salinity-stress. The rhizobial symbiosis was found to improve leaf water status and root osmotic water flow under such conditions. Higher content of nitrogen and lower values of sodium concentration in root tissues were detected when compared to not inoculated plants. In addition, a drop in the osmotic potential of xylem sap and increased amount of PIP aquaporins could favour higher root osmotic water flow in the inoculated plants. Therefore, it was found that rhizobial symbiosis may also improve root osmotic water flow of the host plants under salinity stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinicius Ide Franzini
- Department of Soil Microbiology and Symbiotic System, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC), Profesor Albareda 1, 18008, Granada, Spain
| | - Rosario Azcón
- Department of Soil Microbiology and Symbiotic System, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC), Profesor Albareda 1, 18008, Granada, Spain
| | - Juan Manuel Ruiz-Lozano
- Department of Soil Microbiology and Symbiotic System, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC), Profesor Albareda 1, 18008, Granada, Spain
| | - Ricardo Aroca
- Department of Soil Microbiology and Symbiotic System, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC), Profesor Albareda 1, 18008, Granada, Spain.
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30
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Sánchez-Romera B, Calvo-Polanco M, Ruiz-Lozano JM, Zamarreño ÁM, Arbona V, García-Mina JM, Gómez-Cadenas A, Aroca R. Involvement of the def-1 Mutation in the Response of Tomato Plants to Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis Under Well-Watered and Drought Conditions. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 59:248-261. [PMID: 29165704 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcx178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Jasmonic acid (JA) and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbioses are known to protect plants against abiotic and biotic stresses, but are also involved in the regulation of root hydraulic conductance (L). The objective of this experiment was to elucidate the role of JA in the water relations and hormonal regulation of AM plants under drought by using tomato plants defective in the synthesis of JA (def-1). Our results showed that JA is involved in the uptake and transport of water through its effect on both physiological parameters (stomatal conductance and L) and molecular parameters, mainly by controlling the expression and abundance of aquaporins. We observed that def-1 plants increased the expression of seven plant aquaporin genes under well-watered conditions in the absence of AM fungus, which partly explain the increment of L by this mutation under well-watered conditions. In addition, the effects of the AM symbiosis on plants were modified by the def-1 mutation, with the expression of some aquaporins and plant hormone concentration being disturbed. On the other hand, methyl salicylate (MeSA) content was increased in non-mycorrhizal def-1 plants, suggesting that MeSA and JA can act together in the regulation of L. In a complementary experiment, it was found that exogenous MeSA increased L, confirming our hypothesis. Likewise, we confirmed that JA, ABA and SA are hormones involved in plant mechanisms to cope with stressful situations, their concentrations being controlled by the AM symbiosis. In conclusion, under well-watered conditions, the def-1 mutation mimics the effects of AM symbiosis, but under drought conditions the def-1 mutation changed the effects of the AM symbiosis on plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Sánchez-Romera
- Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC), Department of Soil Microbiology and Symbiotic Systems, C/ Profesor Albareda 1, 18008 Granada, Spain
| | - Mónica Calvo-Polanco
- Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC), Department of Soil Microbiology and Symbiotic Systems, C/ Profesor Albareda 1, 18008 Granada, Spain
| | - Juan Manuel Ruiz-Lozano
- Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC), Department of Soil Microbiology and Symbiotic Systems, C/ Profesor Albareda 1, 18008 Granada, Spain
| | - Ángel María Zamarreño
- Department of Environmental Biology, Agricultural Chemistry and Biology Group-CMI Roullier, Faculty of Sciences, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Vicent Arbona
- Departament de Ciències Agràries i del Medi Natural, Universitat Jaume I, E-12071, Castellò de la Plana, Spain
| | - Jose María García-Mina
- Department of Environmental Biology, Agricultural Chemistry and Biology Group-CMI Roullier, Faculty of Sciences, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Aurelio Gómez-Cadenas
- Departament de Ciències Agràries i del Medi Natural, Universitat Jaume I, E-12071, Castellò de la Plana, Spain
| | - Ricardo Aroca
- Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC), Department of Soil Microbiology and Symbiotic Systems, C/ Profesor Albareda 1, 18008 Granada, Spain
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Calvo-Polanco M, Ibort P, Molina S, Ruiz-Lozano JM, Zamarreño AM, García-Mina JM, Aroca R. Ethylene sensitivity and relative air humidity regulate root hydraulic properties in tomato plants. PLANTA 2017; 246:987-997. [PMID: 28735369 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-017-2746-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The effect of ethylene and its precursor ACC on root hydraulic properties, including aquaporin expression and abundance, is modulated by relative air humidity and plant sensitivity to ethylene. Relative air humidity (RH) is a main factor contributing to water balance in plants. Ethylene (ET) is known to be involved in the regulation of root water uptake and stomatal opening although its role on plant water balance under different RH is not very well understood. We studied, at the physiological, hormonal and molecular levels (aquaporins expression, abundance and phosphorylation state), the plant responses to exogenous 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC; precursor of ET) and 2-aminoisobutyric acid (AIB; inhibitor of ET biosynthesis), after 24 h of application to the roots of tomato wild type (WT) plants and its ET-insensitive never ripe (nr) mutant, at two RH levels: regular (50%) and close to saturation RH. Highest RH induced an increase of root hydraulic conductivity (Lpo) of non-treated WT plants, and the opposite effect in nr mutants. The treatment with ACC reduced Lpo in WT plants at low RH and in nr plants at high RH. The application of AIB increased Lpo only in nr plants at high RH. In untreated plants, the RH treatment changed the abundance and phosphorylation of aquaporins that affected differently both genotypes according to their ET sensitivity. We show that RH is critical in regulating root hydraulic properties, and that Lpo is affected by the plant sensitivity to ET, and possibly to ACC, by regulating aquaporins expression and their phosphorylation status. These results incorporate the relationship between RH and ET in the response of Lpo to environmental changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Calvo-Polanco
- Department of Soil Microbiology and Symbiotic Systems, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC), C/Profesor Albareda 1, 18008, Granada, Spain
- SupAgro/INRA UMR 5004, Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, 2, Place Viala, 34060, Montpellier Cedex 2, France
| | - Pablo Ibort
- Department of Soil Microbiology and Symbiotic Systems, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC), C/Profesor Albareda 1, 18008, Granada, Spain
| | - Sonia Molina
- Department of Soil Microbiology and Symbiotic Systems, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC), C/Profesor Albareda 1, 18008, Granada, Spain
| | - Juan Manuel Ruiz-Lozano
- Department of Soil Microbiology and Symbiotic Systems, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC), C/Profesor Albareda 1, 18008, Granada, Spain
| | - Angel María Zamarreño
- Department of Environmental Biology, Agricultural Chemistry and Biology Group-CMI Roullier, Faculty of Sciences, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Jose María García-Mina
- Department of Environmental Biology, Agricultural Chemistry and Biology Group-CMI Roullier, Faculty of Sciences, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ricardo Aroca
- Department of Soil Microbiology and Symbiotic Systems, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC), C/Profesor Albareda 1, 18008, Granada, Spain.
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Santander C, Aroca R, Ruiz-Lozano JM, Olave J, Cartes P, Borie F, Cornejo P. Arbuscular mycorrhiza effects on plant performance under osmotic stress. MYCORRHIZA 2017; 27:639-657. [PMID: 28647757 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-017-0784-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
At present, drought and soil salinity are among the most severe environmental stresses that affect the growth of plants through marked reduction of water uptake which lowers water potential, leading to osmotic stress. In general, osmotic stress causes a series of morphological, physiological, biochemical, and molecular changes that affect plant performance. Several studies have found that diverse types of soil microorganisms improve plant growth, especially when plants are under stressful conditions. Most important are the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) which form arbuscular mycorrhizas (AM) with approximately 80% of plant species and are present in almost all terrestrial ecosystems. Beyond the well-known role of AM in improving plant nutrient uptake, the contributions of AM to plants coping with osmotic stress merit analysis. With this review, we describe the principal direct and indirect mechanisms by which AM modify plant responses to osmotic stress, highlighting the role of AM in photosynthetic activity, water use efficiency, osmoprotectant production, antioxidant activities, and gene expression. We also discuss the potential for using AMF to improve plant performance under osmotic stress conditions and the lines of research needed to optimize AM use in plant production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Santander
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus BIOREN-UFRO, Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de La Frontera, P.O. Box 54-D, Temuco, Chile
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Recursos Hídricos (CIDERH), Universidad Arturo Prat, Vivar 493, 3er piso, Iquique, Chile
| | - Ricardo Aroca
- Departamento de Microbiología del Suelo y Sistemas Simbióticos, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, Profesor Albareda 1, 18008, Granada, Spain
| | - Juan Manuel Ruiz-Lozano
- Departamento de Microbiología del Suelo y Sistemas Simbióticos, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, Profesor Albareda 1, 18008, Granada, Spain
| | - Jorge Olave
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Recursos Hídricos (CIDERH), Universidad Arturo Prat, Vivar 493, 3er piso, Iquique, Chile
| | - Paula Cartes
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus BIOREN-UFRO, Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de La Frontera, P.O. Box 54-D, Temuco, Chile
| | - Fernando Borie
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus BIOREN-UFRO, Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de La Frontera, P.O. Box 54-D, Temuco, Chile
| | - Pablo Cornejo
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus BIOREN-UFRO, Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de La Frontera, P.O. Box 54-D, Temuco, Chile.
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