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Pisuttu C, Risoli S, Cotrozzi L, Nali C, Pellegrini E, Hoshika Y, Baesso Moura B, Paoletti E. Untangling the role of leaf age specific osmoprotectant and antioxidant responses of two poplar clones under increasing ozone concentrations. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 208:108450. [PMID: 38402800 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Plants possess different degrees of tolerance to abiotic stress, which can mitigate the detrimental effect of environmental inputs affecting carbon balance. Less is known about the functions of osmoprotectants in scavenging of reactive oxygen species (ROS), generated at different sites depending on leaf age. This study aimed to clarify the osmotic adjustments adopted by old and young leaves of Oxford and I-214 poplar clones [differing in ozone (O3) sensitivity] to cope with three levels of O3 [ambient (AA), and two elevated O3 levels]. In both clones, the impact of intermediate O3 concentrations (1.5 × AA) on ROS production appeared to be leaf age-specific, given the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) observed only in old leaves of the Oxford plants and in young leaves of the I-214 ones (2- fold higher than AA and +79%, respectively). The induction of an oxidative burst was associated with membrane injury, indicating an inadequate response of the antioxidative systems [decrease of lutein and β-carotene (-37 and -85% in the old leaves of the Oxford plants), accumulation of proline and tocopherols (+60 and +12% in the young leaves of the I-214 ones)]. Intermediate O3 concentrations reacted with unsaturated lipids of the plasma membrane in old and young leaves of the Oxford plants, leading to an increase of malondialdehyde by-products (more than 2- fold higher than AA), while no effect was recorded for I-214. The impact of the highest O3 concentrations (2.0 × AA) on ROS production did not appear clone-specific, which may react with cell wall components by leading to oxidative pressure. Outcomes demonstrated the ability of young leaves of I-214 plants in contain O3 phytotoxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Pisuttu
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Samuele Risoli
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy; University of School for Advanced Studies IUSS, Piazza della Vittoria 15, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Cotrozzi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy; CIRSEC, Centre for Climate Change Impact, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Cristina Nali
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy; CIRSEC, Centre for Climate Change Impact, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Elisa Pellegrini
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy; CIRSEC, Centre for Climate Change Impact, University of Pisa, Italy.
| | - Yasutomo Hoshika
- Institute of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via Madonna del Piano 10, I-50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, 90133, Italy
| | - Barbara Baesso Moura
- Institute of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via Madonna del Piano 10, I-50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, 90133, Italy
| | - Elena Paoletti
- Institute of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via Madonna del Piano 10, I-50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, 90133, Italy
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Hoshika Y, Moura BB, Cotrozzi L, Nali C, Alfarraj S, Rennenberg H, Paoletti E. An assessment of ozone risk for date palm suggests that phytotoxic ozone dose nonlinearly affects carbon gain. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 342:123143. [PMID: 38097156 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.123143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Tropospheric ozone (O3) is a significant phytotoxic air pollutant that has a negative impact on plant carbon gain. Although date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is a globally important crop in arid or semi-arid regions, so far O3 risk assessment for this species has not been reported. This study estimated leaf- and plant-level photosynthetic CO2 uptake for understanding how elevated levels of O3 affects date palm biomass growth. Ozone risks to date palm plants were assessed based on exposure- (AOT40) or flux-based indices (Phytotoxic Ozone Dose, PODy, where y is a threshold of uptake). For this purpose, plants were exposed to three levels of O3 [ambient air, AA (45 ppb as daily average); 1.5 × AA; 2.0 × AA] for 92 days in an O3 Free-Air Controlled Exposure facility. According to the model simulations, the negative effects of O3 on plant-level net photosynthetic CO2 uptake were attributed to reduced gross photosynthetic carbon gain and increased respiratory carbon loss. Season-long O3 exposure and elevated temperatures promoted the negative O3 effect because of a further increase of respiratory carbon loss, which was caused by increased leaf temperature due to stomatal closure. POD1 nonlinearly affected the photosynthetic CO2 uptake, which was closely related to the variation of dry mass increment during the experiment. Although the dose-response relationship suggested that a low O3 dose (POD1 < 5.2 mmol m-2) may even positively affect photosynthetic CO2 uptake in date palms, stomatal O3 uptake at the current ambient O3 levels has potentially a negative impact on date palm growth. The results indicate 5.8 mmol m-2 POD1 or 21.1 ppm h AOT40 as critical levels corresponding to a 4% reduction of net CO2 uptake for date palm, suggesting that this species can be identified as a species moderately sensitive to O3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasutomo Hoshika
- Institute of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Sede Secondaria di Firenze, Via Madonna del Piano, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, 90133, Italy.
| | - Barbara Baesso Moura
- Institute of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Sede Secondaria di Firenze, Via Madonna del Piano, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, 90133, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Cotrozzi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy; CIRSEC, Centre for Climate Change Impact, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Cristina Nali
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy; CIRSEC, Centre for Climate Change Impact, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Saleh Alfarraj
- College of Sciences, King Saud University, PO Box 2455, Riyad, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Heinz Rennenberg
- College of Sciences, King Saud University, PO Box 2455, Riyad, 11451, Saudi Arabia; Chair of Tree Physiology, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Institute of Forest Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 53, 79110, Freiburg, Germany; Center of Molecular Ecophysiology (CMEP), College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University No. 2, Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, 400715, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Elena Paoletti
- Institute of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Sede Secondaria di Firenze, Via Madonna del Piano, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, 90133, Italy
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Xiang W, Guo Z, Han J, Gao Y, Ma F, Gong X. The apple autophagy-related gene MdATG10 improves drought tolerance and water use efficiency in transgenic apple plants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 206:108214. [PMID: 38016369 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
The Loess Plateau is the main apple production area in China; low precipitation is one of the most important factors limiting apple production here. Autophagy is a conserved process in eukaryotes that recycles cell contents or damaged macromolecules. Previously, we identified an autophagy-related gene MdATG10 from apple plants, which was involved in the responses to stressed conditions. In this study, we found that MdATG10 improved the drought tolerance and water use efficiency (WUE) of transgenic apple plants. MdATG10-overexpressing (OE) apple plants were more tolerant of short-term drought stress, as evidenced by their fewer drought-related injuries, compared with wild-type (WT) apple plants. In addition, the WUE of OE plants was higher than that of WT plants under long-term moderate water deficit conditions. The growth rate, biomass accumulation, photosynthetic efficiency, and stomatal aperture were higher in OE plants than in WT plants under long-term moderate drought conditions. During the process of adapting to drought, the expressions of genes involved in the abscisic acid (ABA) pathway were reduced in OE plants to decrease the synthesis of ABA, which helped maintain the stomatal opening for gas exchange. Furthermore, autophagic activity was higher in OE plants than in WT plants, as evidenced by the higher expressions of ATG genes and the greater number of autophagy bodies. In sum, our results suggested that overexpression of MdATG10 improved drought tolerance and WUE in apple plants, possibly by regulating stomatal movement and enhancing autophagic activity, which then enhanced the photosynthetic efficiency and reduced damage, as well as the reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation in apple plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijia Xiang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zijian Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jifa Han
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yiran Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fengwang Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Xiaoqing Gong
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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Ali M, Pan Y, Liu H, Cheng Z. Melatonin interaction with abscisic acid in the regulation of abiotic stress in Solanaceae family plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1271137. [PMID: 37767290 PMCID: PMC10520282 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1271137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Solanaceous vegetable crops are cultivated and consumed worldwide. However, they often confront diverse abiotic stresses that significantly impair their growth, yield, and overall quality. This review delves into melatonin and abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis and their roles in abiotic stress responses. It closely examines the intricate interplay between melatonin and ABA in managing stress within plants, revealing both collaborative and antagonistic effects and elucidating the underlying molecular mechanisms. Melatonin and ABA mutually influence each other's synthesis, metabolism and that of other plant hormones, a key focus of this study. The study highlights melatonin's role in aiding stress management through ABA-dependent pathways and key genes in the melatonin-ABA interaction. Specifically, melatonin downregulates ABA synthesis genes and upregulates catabolism genes, leading to reduced ABA levels. It also directly scavenges H2O2, enhancing antioxidant enzyme activities, thereby underscoring their collaborative role in mediating stress responses. Moreover, the interplay between melatonin and ABA plays an essential role in multiple physiological processes of plants, including stomatal behaviors, wax accumulation, delay leaf senescence, seed germination, and seedlings growth, among others. Recognizing these relationships in Solanaceae vegetable crops holds great importance for improving agricultural practices and crop quality. In summary, this review offers a comprehensive overview of recent studies on the melatonin and ABA interplay, serving as a valuable resource for researchers and breeders dedicated to fortifying crop resilience and productivity within challenging environments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Zhihui Cheng
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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Wang H, Li M, Yang Y, Sun P, Zhou S, Kang Y, Xu Y, Yuan X, Feng Z, Jin W. Physiological and molecular responses of different rose ( Rosa hybrida L.) cultivars to elevated ozone levels. PLANT DIRECT 2023; 7:e513. [PMID: 37484545 PMCID: PMC10359767 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
The increasing ground-level ozone (O3) pollution resulting from rapid global urbanization and industrialization has negative effects on many plants. Nonetheless, many gaps remain in our knowledge of how ornamental plants respond to O3. Rose (Rosa hybrida L.) is a commercially important ornamental plant worldwide. In this study, we exposed four rose cultivars ("Schloss Mannheim," "Iceberg," "Lüye," and "Spectra") to either unfiltered ambient air (NF), unfiltered ambient air plus 40 ppb O3 (NF40), or unfiltered ambient air plus 80 ppb O3 (NF80). Only the cultivar "Schloss Mannheim" showed significant O3-related effects, including foliar injury, reduced chlorophyll content, reduced net photosynthetic rate, reduced stomatal conductance, and reduced stomatal apertures. In "Schloss Mannheim," several transcription factor genes-HSF, WRKY, and MYB genes-were upregulated by O3 exposure, and their expression was correlated with that of NCED1, PP2Cs, PYR/PYL, and UGTs, which are related to ABA biosynthesis and signaling. These results suggest that HSF, WRKY, and MYB transcription factors and ABA are important components of the plant response to O3 stress, suggesting a possible strategy for cultivating O3-tolerant rose varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Wang
- Institute of Forestry and PomologyBeijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry SciencesBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China)Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsBeijingChina
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Functional FloricultureBeijingChina
| | - Maofu Li
- Institute of Forestry and PomologyBeijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry SciencesBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China)Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsBeijingChina
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Functional FloricultureBeijingChina
| | - Yuan Yang
- Institute of Forestry and PomologyBeijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry SciencesBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China)Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsBeijingChina
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Deciduous Fruit TreesBeijingChina
| | - Pei Sun
- Institute of Forestry and PomologyBeijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry SciencesBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China)Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsBeijingChina
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Functional FloricultureBeijingChina
| | - Shuting Zhou
- Institute of Forestry and PomologyBeijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry SciencesBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China)Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsBeijingChina
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Functional FloricultureBeijingChina
| | - Yanhui Kang
- Institute of Forestry and PomologyBeijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry SciencesBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China)Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsBeijingChina
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Functional FloricultureBeijingChina
| | - Yansen Xu
- School of Applied MeteorologyNanjing University of Information Science & TechnologyNanjingChina
| | - Xiangyang Yuan
- School of Applied MeteorologyNanjing University of Information Science & TechnologyNanjingChina
| | - Zhaozhong Feng
- School of Applied MeteorologyNanjing University of Information Science & TechnologyNanjingChina
| | - Wanmei Jin
- Institute of Forestry and PomologyBeijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry SciencesBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China)Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsBeijingChina
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Functional FloricultureBeijingChina
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McAdam SAM, Kane CN, Mercado Reyes JA, Cardoso AA, Brodribb TJ. An abrupt increase in foliage ABA levels on incipient leaf death occurs across vascular plants. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2022; 24:1262-1271. [PMID: 35238139 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Forest mortality during drought has been attributed to hydraulic failure, which can be challenging to measure. A limited number of alternative proxies for incipient leaf death exist. Here we investigate whether a terminal increase in abscisic acid (ABA) levels in leaves occurs across vascular land plants and is an indicator of imminent leaf death. For different species across vascular plants, we monitored ABA levels during lethal drought as well as leaf embolism resistance, across the canopy as leaves die following senescence, or when leaves are exposed to a heavy, lethal frost late in the growing season. We observed a considerable increase in foliage ABA levels once leaves showed signs of incipient leaf death. This increase in ABA levels upon incipient leaf death, could be induced by embolism during drought, by freezing or as leaves age naturally, and was observed in species spanning the phylogeny of vascular land plants as well as in an ABA biosynthetic mutant plant. A considerable increase in foliage ABA levels may act as an indicator of impending leaf death.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A M McAdam
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - C N Kane
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - J A Mercado Reyes
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - A A Cardoso
- Instituto de Ciências da Natureza, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Alfenas, Brazil
| | - T J Brodribb
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
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Datta S, Sharma A, Sinha B. Nocturnal pollutant uptake contributes significantly to the total stomatal uptake of Mangifera indica. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 310:119902. [PMID: 35940482 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
DO3SE (Deposition of Ozone for Stomatal Exchange), is a dry deposition model, designed to assess tropospheric ozone risk to vegetation, and is based on two alternative algorithms to estimate stomatal conductance: multiplicative and photosynthetic. The multiplicative model has been argued to perform better for leaf-level and regional-level application. In this study, we demonstrate that the photosynthetic model is superior to the multiplicative model even for leaf-level studies using measurements performed on Mangifera indica. We find that the multiplicative model overestimates the daytime stomatal conductance, when compared with measured stomatal conductance and prescribes zero conductance at night while measurements show an average conductance of 100 mmol(H2O)m-2s-1 between 9 p.m. and 4 a.m. The daytime overestimation of the multiplicative model can be significantly reduced when the model is modified to include a response function for ozone-induced stomatal closure. However, nighttime pollutant uptake fluxes can only be accurately assessed with the photosynthetic model which includes the stomatal opening at night during respiration and is capable of reproducing the measured nighttime stomatal conductance. At our site, the nocturnal flux contributes 64%, 39%, 46%, and 88% of the total for NO2 uptake in winter, summer, monsoon, and post-monsoon, respectively. For SO2, nocturnal uptake amounts to 35%, 28%, 28%, and 44% in winter, summer, monsoon, and post-monsoon, respectively while for ozone the nighttime uptake contributes 30%, 17%, 18%, and 29% of the total stomatal uptake in winter, summer, monsoon, and post-monsoon respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savita Datta
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Sector 81, S.A.S Nagar, Punjab, 140306, India
| | - Anita Sharma
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Sector 81, S.A.S Nagar, Punjab, 140306, India
| | - Baerbel Sinha
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Sector 81, S.A.S Nagar, Punjab, 140306, India.
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Hoshika Y, Paoletti E, Centritto M, Gomes MTG, Puértolas J, Haworth M. Species-specific variation of photosynthesis and mesophyll conductance to ozone and drought in three Mediterranean oaks. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2022; 174:e13639. [PMID: 35092611 PMCID: PMC9303399 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Mesophyll conductance (gmCO2 ) is one of the most important components in plant photosynthesis. Tropospheric ozone (O3 ) and drought impair physiological processes, causing damage to photosynthetic systems. However, the combined effects of O3 and drought on gmCO2 are still largely unclear. We investigated leaf gas exchange during mid-summer in three Mediterranean oaks exposed to O3 (ambient [35.2 nmol mol-1 as daily mean]; 1.4 × ambient) and water treatments (WW [well-watered] and WD [water-deficit]). We also examined if leaf traits (leaf mass per area [LMA], foliar abscisic acid concentration [ABA]) could influence the diffusion of CO2 inside a leaf. The combination of O3 and WD significantly decreased net photosynthetic rate (PN ) regardless of the species. The reduction of photosynthesis was associated with a decrease in gmCO2 and stomatal conductance (gsCO2 ) in evergreen Quercus ilex, while the two deciduous oaks (Q. pubescens, Q. robur) also showed a reduction of the maximum rate of carboxylation (Vcmax ) and maximum electron transport rate (Jmax ) with decreased diffusive conductance parameters. The reduction of gmCO2 was correlated with increased [ABA] in the three oaks, whereas there was a negative correlation between gmCO2 with LMA in Q. pubescens. Interestingly, two deciduous oaks showed a weak or no significant correlation between gsCO2 and ABA under high O3 and WD due to impaired stomatal physiological behaviour, indicating that the reduction of PN was related to gmCO2 rather than gsCO2 . The results suggest that gmCO2 plays an important role in plant carbon gain under concurrent increases in the severity of drought and O3 pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasutomo Hoshika
- Institute of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET)National Research Council of Italy (CNR)Sesto Fiorentino
| | - Elena Paoletti
- Institute of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET)National Research Council of Italy (CNR)Sesto Fiorentino
| | - Mauro Centritto
- Institute of Sustainable Plant Protection (IPSP)National Research Council of Italy (CNR)Sesto FiorentinoItaly
| | - Marcos Thiago Gaudio Gomes
- Institute of Sustainable Plant Protection (IPSP)National Research Council of Italy (CNR)Sesto FiorentinoItaly
- Present address:
Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Human and Natural SciencesFederal University of Espírito SantoGoiabeiras, CEP 29075‐910, Vitória, Espírito SantoBrazil
| | - Jaime Puértolas
- Lancaster Environment CentreLancaster UniversityLancasterUK
- Present address:
Department of Botany and Plant Ecology and PhysiologyUniversity of La LagunaSan Cristóbal de La LagunaSpain
| | - Matthew Haworth
- Institute of Sustainable Plant Protection (IPSP)National Research Council of Italy (CNR)Sesto FiorentinoItaly
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Živanović B, Milić Komić S, Nikolić N, Mutavdžić D, Srećković T, Veljović Jovanović S, Prokić L. Differential Response of Two Tomato Genotypes, Wild Type cv. Ailsa Craig and Its ABA-Deficient Mutant flacca to Short-Termed Drought Cycles. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10112308. [PMID: 34834671 PMCID: PMC8617711 DOI: 10.3390/plants10112308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Two tomato genotypes with constitutively different ABA level, flacca mutant and wild type of Ailsa Craig cv. (WT), were subjected to three repeated drought cycles, with the aim to reveal the role of the abscisic acid (ABA) threshold in developing drought tolerance. Differential responses to drought of two genotypes were obtained: more pronounced stomatal closure, ABA biosynthesis and proline accumulation in WT compared to the mutant were compensated by dry weight accumulation accompanied by transient redox disbalance in flacca. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectra analysis of isolated cell wall material and morphological parameter measurements on tomato leaves indicated changes in dry weight accumulation and carbon re-allocation to cell wall constituents in flacca, but not in WT. A higher proportion of cellulose, pectin and lignin in isolated cell walls from flacca leaves further increased with repeated drought cycles. Different ABA-dependent stomatal closure between drought cycles implies that acquisition of stomatal sensitivity may be a part of stress memory mechanism developed under given conditions. The regulatory role of ABA in the cell wall restructuring and growth regulation under low leaf potential was discussed with emphasis on the beneficial effects of drought priming in developing differential defense strategies against drought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bojana Živanović
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, University of Belgrade, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia; (B.Ž.); (S.M.K.); (N.N.); (D.M.); (T.S.)
| | - Sonja Milić Komić
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, University of Belgrade, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia; (B.Ž.); (S.M.K.); (N.N.); (D.M.); (T.S.)
| | - Nenad Nikolić
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, University of Belgrade, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia; (B.Ž.); (S.M.K.); (N.N.); (D.M.); (T.S.)
| | - Dragosav Mutavdžić
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, University of Belgrade, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia; (B.Ž.); (S.M.K.); (N.N.); (D.M.); (T.S.)
- Center for Green Technologies, Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, University of Belgrade, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tatjana Srećković
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, University of Belgrade, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia; (B.Ž.); (S.M.K.); (N.N.); (D.M.); (T.S.)
- Center for Green Technologies, Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, University of Belgrade, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sonja Veljović Jovanović
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, University of Belgrade, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia; (B.Ž.); (S.M.K.); (N.N.); (D.M.); (T.S.)
- Center for Green Technologies, Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, University of Belgrade, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia
- Correspondence: (S.V.J.); (L.P.)
| | - Ljiljana Prokić
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Nemanjina 6, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia
- Correspondence: (S.V.J.); (L.P.)
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Structure, Distribution, Chemical Composition, and Gene Expression Pattern of Glandular Trichomes on the Leaves of Rhus potaninii Maxim. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147312. [PMID: 34298931 PMCID: PMC8303848 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhus potaninii Maxim is an economically and medicinally important tree species in China. It produces galls (induced by aphids) with a high abundance of tannins. Here, we discuss the histology, cellular structures and their distribution, and the macromolecular components of secretive glandular trichomes on the leaves of R. potaninii. A variation in the density of glandular trichomes and tomenta was found between the adaxial and abaxial sides of a leaf in different regions and stages of the leaf. The glandular trichomes on R. potaninii trees comprise a stalk with no cellular structure and a head with 8-15 cells. Based on staining, we found that the secretion of glandular trichomes has many polysaccharides, phenolic compounds, and acidic lipids but very few neutral lipids. The dense glandular trichomes provide mechanical protection for young tissues; additionally, their secretion protects the young tissues from pathogens by a special chemical component. According to transcriptome analysis, we found enhanced biosynthetic and metabolism pathways of glycan, lipids, toxic amino acids, and phenylpropanoids. This shows a similar tendency to the staining. The numbers of differentially expressed genes were large or small; the averaged range of upregulated genes was greater than that of the downregulated genes in most subpathways. Some selectively expressed genes were found in glandular trichomes, responsible for the chitinase activity and pathogenesis-related proteins, which all have antibacterial activity and serve for plant defense. To our knowledge, this is the first study showing the components of the secretion from glandular trichomes on the leaf surface of R. potaninii.
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Hasan MM, Rahman MA, Skalicky M, Alabdallah NM, Waseem M, Jahan MS, Ahammed GJ, El-Mogy MM, El-Yazied AA, Ibrahim MFM, Fang XW. Ozone Induced Stomatal Regulations, MAPK and Phytohormone Signaling in Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126304. [PMID: 34208343 PMCID: PMC8231235 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Ozone (O3) is a gaseous environmental pollutant that can enter leaves through stomatal pores and cause damage to foliage. It can induce oxidative stress through the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) like hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) that can actively participate in stomatal closing or opening in plants. A number of phytohormones, including abscisic acid (ABA), ethylene (ET), salicylic acid (SA), and jasmonic acid (JA) are involved in stomatal regulation in plants. The effects of ozone on these phytohormones’ ability to regulate the guard cells of stomata have been little studied, however, and the goal of this paper is to explore and understand the effects of ozone on stomatal regulation through guard cell signaling by phytohormones. In this review, we updated the existing knowledge by considering several physiological mechanisms related to stomatal regulation after response to ozone. The collected information should deepen our understanding of the molecular pathways associated with response to ozone stress, in particular, how it influences stomatal regulation, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activity, and phytohormone signaling. After summarizing the findings and noting the gaps in the literature, we present some ideas for future research on ozone stress in plants
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Mahadi Hasan
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (M.M.H.); (M.W.)
| | - Md. Atikur Rahman
- Grassland and Forage Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Cheonan 31000, Korea;
| | - Milan Skalicky
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, 16500 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Nadiyah M. Alabdallah
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 383, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Muhammad Waseem
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (M.M.H.); (M.W.)
| | - Mohammad Shah Jahan
- Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetable Crop Genetic Improvement in Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China;
- Department of Horticulture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Golam Jalal Ahammed
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China;
| | - Mohamed M. El-Mogy
- Vegetable Crop Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt;
| | - Ahmed Abou El-Yazied
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt;
| | - Mohamed F. M. Ibrahim
- Department of Agricultural Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt;
| | - Xiang-Wen Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (M.M.H.); (M.W.)
- Correspondence:
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12
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Wang Y, Xu S, Zhang W, Li Y, Wang N, He X, Chen W. Responses of growth, photosynthesis and related physiological characteristics in leaves of Acer ginnala Maxim. to increasing air temperature and/or elevated O 3. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2021; 23 Suppl 1:221-231. [PMID: 33527649 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Regional warming and atmospheric ozone (O3 ) pollution are two of the most important environmental issues, and commonly coexist in many areas. Both factors have an intense impact on plants. However, little information is available on the combined and interactive effects of air warming and elevated O3 concentrations on physiological characteristics of plants. To explore this issue, we studied variations in growth, photosynthesis and physiological characteristics of leaves of Acer ginnala seedlings exposed to control (ambient temperature and O3 ), increasing air temperature (ambient temperature + 2 °C), elevated O3 (ambient O3 concentration + 40 ppb) and a combination of the two abiotic factors at different phenological stages by using open-top chambers. The results showed that increasing air temperature had no significant effect on growth, but increased photosynthesis and antioxidant enzyme activity at the leaf unfolding and defoliation stages. In contrast, elevated O3 decreased growth and photosynthesis and caused oxidative stress injury in A. ginnala leaves at each phenological stage. The combination of increasing air temperature and elevated O3 improved growth and net photosynthetic rates of tested plants and alleviated the oxidative stress compared to O3 alone. Our findings demonstrated that moderate warming was beneficial to A. ginnala at leaf unfolding and defoliation stages, and alleviated the adverse effects of O3 stress on growth, photosynthesis and the antioxidant system. These results will provide a theoretical reference and scientific basis for the adaptation and response of A. ginnala under regional air warming and atmospheric O3 pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Wang
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - S Xu
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - W Zhang
- College of Environment, Shenyang University, 110044, China
| | - Y Li
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
- Shenyang Arboretum, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - N Wang
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - X He
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Shenyang, 110016, China
- Shenyang Arboretum, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - W Chen
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Shenyang, 110016, China
- Shenyang Arboretum, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
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13
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Khaling E, Agyei T, Jokinen S, Holopainen JK, Blande JD. The phytotoxic air-pollutant O 3 enhances the emission of herbivore-induced volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and affects the susceptibility of black mustard plants to pest attack. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 265:115030. [PMID: 32806411 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Stress-induced changes to plant biochemistry and physiology can influence plant nutritional quality and subsequent interactions with herbivorous pests. However, the effects of stress combinations are unpredictable and differ to the effects of individual stressors. Here we studied the effects of exposure to the phytotoxic air-pollutant ozone (O3), feeding by larvae of the large cabbage white butterfly (Pieris brassicae), and a combination of the two stresses, on the emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) by black mustard plants (Brassica nigra) under field and laboratory conditions. Field-grown B. nigra plants were also measured for carbon-nitrogen (C-N) content, net photosynthetic activity (Pn), stomatal conductance (gs) and biomass. The effects of O3 on interactions between plants and a herbivorous pest were addressed by monitoring the abundance of wild diamondback moth larvae (Plutella xylostella) and feeding-damage to B. nigra plants in an O3-free air concentration enrichment (O3-FACE) field site. Herbivore-feeding induced the emission of VOCs that were not emitted by undamaged plants, both under field and laboratory conditions. The combination of O3 and herbivore-feeding stresses resulted in enhanced emission rates of several VOCs from field-grown plants. Short-term O3 exposure (of 10 days) and P. brassicae-feeding did not affect C-N content, but chronic O3 exposure (of 34 and 47 days) and P. brassicae-feeding exacerbated suppression of Pn. Ozone exposure also caused visible injury and decreased the plant biomass. Field-grown B. nigra under elevated O3 were infested with fewer P. xylostella larvae and received significantly less feeding damage. Our results suggest that plants growing in a moderately polluted environment may be of reduced quality and less attractive to foraging herbivores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliezer Khaling
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FIN-70211, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Thomas Agyei
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FIN-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Simo Jokinen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FIN-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jarmo K Holopainen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FIN-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - James D Blande
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FIN-70211, Kuopio, Finland
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14
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McAdam SAM, Sussmilch FC. The evolving role of abscisic acid in cell function and plant development over geological time. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2020; 109:39-45. [PMID: 32571626 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2020.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) is found in a wide diversity of organisms, yet we know most about the hormonal action of this compound in the ecologically dominant and economically important angiosperms. In angiosperms, ABA regulates a suite of critical responses from desiccation tolerance through to seed dormancy and stomatal closure. Work exploring the function of key genes in the ABA signalling pathway of angiosperms has revealed that this signal transduction pathway is ancient, yet considerable change in the physiological roles of this hormone have occurred over geological time. With recent advances in our capacity to characterise gene function in non-angiosperms we are on the cusp of revealing the origins of this critical hormonal signalling pathway in plants, and understanding how a simple hormone may have shaped land plant diversity, ecology and adaptation over the past 500 million years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott A M McAdam
- Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
| | - Frances C Sussmilch
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Sandy Bay, TAS, 7005, Australia
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15
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Evaluation of the Importance of Some East Asian Tree Species for Refinement of Air Quality by Estimating Air Pollution Tolerance Index, Anticipated Performance Index, and Air Pollutant Uptake. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12073067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Potentials of tree species as biofilters depend on appropriate selection based on their tolerance to air pollution, which is usually evaluated by the air pollution tolerance index (APTI) and anticipated performance index (API). Thus, these index values need as a means of scientific understanding to assess the role of urban trees for better greenspace planning/management to mitigate impacts of gaseous air pollution such as ozone (O3) and sulfur dioxide (SO2). O3 exposure to Chionanthus retusus, Pinus densiflora, and Ginkgo biloba showed higher stomatal O3 flux than the others, finally resulting in both favoring stomatal movement and maintaining carbon fixation. In contrast, despite the whole tree enhanced SO2 uptake under excess SO2 exposure, the carbon assimilation capacity was only found in Taxus cuspidata and Zelkova serrata as a consequence of no stomatal sluggishness. On the basis of API, P. densiflora and Prunus × yedoensis were good performers for developing greenspace, while Z. serrata and G. biloba were moderate performers; however, C. retusus and T. cuspidata were estimated to be poor and very poor performers, respectively, for reducing the air quality injury caused by air pollutants. The present study suggests that an integration of both APTI and API based on stomatal absorption flux is needed for selecting sound tree-species in greenspace planning/construction to control gaseous air pollutions.
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16
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Hoshika Y, Fares S, Pellegrini E, Conte A, Paoletti E. Water use strategy affects avoidance of ozone stress by stomatal closure in Mediterranean trees-A modelling analysis. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2020; 43:611-623. [PMID: 31834637 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Both ozone (O3 ) and drought can limit carbon fixation by forest trees. To cope with drought stress, plants have isohydric or anisohydric water use strategies. Ozone enters plant tissues through stomata. Therefore, stomatal closure can be interpreted as avoidance to O3 stress. Here, we applied an optimization model of stomata involving water, CO2 , and O3 flux to test whether isohydric and anisohydric strategies may affect avoidance of O3 stress by stomatal closure in four Mediterranean tree species during drought. The data suggest that stomatal closure represents a response to avoid damage to the photosynthetic mechanisms under elevated O3 depending on plant water use strategy. Under high-O3 and well-watered conditions, isohydric species limited O3 fluxes by stomatal closure, whereas anisohydric species activated a tolerance response and did not actively close stomata. Under both O3 and drought stress, however, anisohydric species enhanced the capacity of avoidance by closing stomata to cope with the severe oxidative stress. In the late growing season, regardless of the water use strategy, the efficiency of O3 stress avoidance decreased with leaf ageing. As a result, carbon assimilation rate was decreased by O3 while stomata did not close enough to limit transpirational water losses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasutomo Hoshika
- Institute of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Silvano Fares
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Research Centre for Forestry and Wood, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisa Pellegrini
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- CIRSEC, Centre for Climatic Change Impact, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Adriano Conte
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Research Centre for Forestry and Wood, Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Paoletti
- Institute of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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17
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Guo H, Sun Y, Yan H, Li C, Ge F. O 3-Induced Priming Defense Associated With the Abscisic Acid Signaling Pathway Enhances Plant Resistance to Bemisia tabaci. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:93. [PMID: 32210979 PMCID: PMC7069499 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Elevated ozone (O3) modulates phytohormone signals, which subsequently alters the interaction between plants and herbivorous insects. It has been reported that elevated O3 activates the plant abscisic acid (ABA) signaling pathway, but its cascading effect on the performance of herbivorous insects remains unclear. Here, we used the ABA-deficient tomato mutant notabilis (not) and its wild type, Ailsa Craig (AC), to determine the role of ABA signaling in mediating the effects of elevated O3 on Bemisia tabaci in field open-top chambers (OTCs). Our results showed that the population abundance and the total phloem-feeding duration of B. tabaci were decreased by O3 exposure in AC plants compared with not plants. Moreover, elevated O3 and B. tabaci infestation activated the ABA signaling pathway and enhanced callose deposition in AC plants but had little effect on those in not plants. The exogenous application of a callose synthesis inhibitor (2-DDG) neutralized O3-induced resistance to B. tabaci, and the application of ABA enhanced callose deposition and exacerbated the negative effects of elevated O3 on B. tabaci. However, the application of 2-DDG counteracted the negative effects of O3 exposure on B. tabaci in ABA-treated AC plants. Collectively, this study revealed that callose deposition, which relied on the ABA signaling pathway, was an effective O3-induced priming defense of tomato plants against B. tabaci infestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honggang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Bioscience and Resource Environment/Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (North China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Yucheng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongyu Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chuanyou Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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18
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Xu S, He XY, Du Z, Chen W, Li B, Li Y, Li MH, Schaub M. Tropospheric ozone and cadmium do not have interactive effects on growth, photosynthesis and mineral nutrients of Catalpa ovata seedlings in the urban areas of Northeast China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 704:135307. [PMID: 31812382 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal contamination and tropospheric ozone (O3) pollution often co-occur in heavy industrial urban areas, adversely affecting urban plant health. Little is known about the characteristics of growth, physiological metabolism, bioaccumulation of cadmium (Cd) and mineral nutrients in urban trees under the combination of soil Cd contamination and elevated O3 exposure. In this study, one-year-old street tree Catalpa ovata G. Don seedlings were exposed to Cd contaminated soil (0, 100, 500 mg/kg soil) with 40 µg/m3 O3 (ambient air) and 120 µg/m3 O3 (elevated O3 exposure) for 4 weeks. The results revealed that 500 mg/kg soil Cd addition alone decreased net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, peroxidase activity and increased abscisic acid content and oxidative injury in the leaves of C. ovata. Furthermore, Cd soil contamination decreased leaf, stem, root and total biomass and affected Cd, Mg, Fe, and Zn contents in leaves (P < 0.01), but it did not affect Mg, Fe and Zn contents in roots. O3 exposure did not affect growth, net photosynthetic rate, Cd accumulation and mineral nutrient contents of C. ovata. No interactive effect between Cd and O3 was found on growth, oxidative injury, photosynthetic rate, and the contents of Cd, Mg, Fe and Zn in plant tissues (P > 0.05). Our findings suggest that C. ovata is an appropriate tree species for urban greening and afforestation in heavy industrial urban areas with high O3 pollution in Northeast China. To ensure successful afforestation in heavy industrial areas, the long-term and large scale studies are needed to advance our understanding of the combined effects from extreme climate conditions and multi-pollutant exposure on the metabolism of mature urban trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing-Yuan He
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China; Shenyang Arboretum, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhong Du
- College of Land and Resources, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wei Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China; Shenyang Arboretum, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Li
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China; Shenyang Arboretum, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Mai-He Li
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Birmensdorf 8903, Switzerland; SwissForestLab, Birmensdorf 8903, Switzerland
| | - Marcus Schaub
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Birmensdorf 8903, Switzerland; SwissForestLab, Birmensdorf 8903, Switzerland
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19
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Hoshika Y, De Carlo A, Baraldi R, Neri L, Carrari E, Agathokleous E, Zhang L, Fares S, Paoletti E. Ozone-induced impairment of night-time stomatal closure in O 3-sensitive poplar clone is affected by nitrogen but not by phosphorus enrichment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 692:713-722. [PMID: 31539979 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.07.288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Nocturnal transpiration may be a key factor influencing water use in plants. Tropospheric ozone (O3) and availability of nutrients such as nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in the soil can affect daytime water use through stomata, but the combined effects of O3, N and P on night-time stomatal conductance (gs) are not known. We investigated the effects of O3 and soil availability of N and P on nocturnal gs and the dynamics of stomatal response after leaf severing in an O3-sensitive poplar clone (Oxford) subjected to combined treatments over a growing season in an O3 free air controlled exposure (FACE) facility. The treatments were two soil N levels (0 and 80 kg N ha-1; N0 and N80), three soil P levels (0, 40 and 80 kg P ha-1; P0, P40 and P80) and three O3 levels (ambient concentration, AA [35.0 ppb as hourly mean]; 1.5 × AA; 2.0 × AA). The analysis of stomatal dynamics after leaf severing suggested that O3 impaired stomatal closure execution. As a result, nocturnal gs was increased by 2.0 × AA O3 in August (+39%) and September (+108%). Night-time gs was correlated with POD0 (phytotoxic O3 dose) and increased exponentially after 40 mmol m-2 POD0. Such increase of nocturnal gs was attributed to the emission of ethylene due to 2.0 × AA O3 exposure, while foliar abscisic acid (ABA) or indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) did not affect gs at night. Interestingly, the O3-induced stomatal opening at night was limited by N treatments in August, but not limited in September. Phosphorus decreased nocturnal gs, although P did not modify the O3-induced stomatal dysfunction. The results suggest that the increased nocturnal gs may be associated with a need to improve N acquisition to cope with O3 stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasutomo Hoshika
- Istituto di Ricerca sugli Ecosistemi Terrestri (IRET), National Research Council (CNR), Via Madonna del Piano, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
| | - Anna De Carlo
- Istituto di Bioeconomia (IBE), National Research Council (CNR), via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Rita Baraldi
- Istituto di Bioeconomia (IBE), National Research Council (CNR), Via P. Gobetti, 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Luisa Neri
- Istituto di Bioeconomia (IBE), National Research Council (CNR), Via P. Gobetti, 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Elisa Carrari
- Istituto di Ricerca sugli Ecosistemi Terrestri (IRET), National Research Council (CNR), Via Madonna del Piano, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Evgenios Agathokleous
- Institute of Ecology, Key Laboratory of Agrometeorology of Jiangsu Province, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology (NUIST), Nanjing, Jiangsu 210044, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Changjiang Road 600, 150030 Harbin, China
| | - Silvano Fares
- Research Centre for Forestry and Wood, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Roma, Italy
| | - Elena Paoletti
- Istituto di Ricerca sugli Ecosistemi Terrestri (IRET), National Research Council (CNR), Via Madonna del Piano, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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20
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Xu S, He X, Burkey K, Chen W, Li P, Li Y, Li B, Wang Y. Ethylenediurea (EDU) pretreatment alleviated the adverse effects of elevated O 3 on Populus alba "Berolinensis" in an urban area. J Environ Sci (China) 2019; 84:42-50. [PMID: 31284915 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2019.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Ethylenediurea (EDU) has been used as a chemical protectant against ozone (O3). However, its protective effect and physiological mechanisms are still uncertain. The present study aimed to investigate the changes of foliar visible injury, physiological characteristics and emission rates of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in one-year-old Populus alba "Berolinensis" saplings pretreated with EDU and exposed to elevated O3 (EO, 120 μg/m3). The results showed that foliar visible injury symptoms under EO were significantly alleviated in plants with EDU application (p < 0.05). Under EO, net photosynthetic rate, the maximum photochemical efficiency of PSII and the photochemical efficiency of PSII of plants pretreated with 300 and 600 mg/L EDU were similar to unexposed controls and significantly higher compared to EO-stressed plants without EDU pretreatment, respectively. Malondialdehyde content was highest in EO without EDU and decreased significantly by 14.9% and 21.3% with 300 and 600 mg/L EDU pretreatment, respectively. EDU pretreatment alone increased superoxide dismutase activity by 10-fold in unexposed plants with further increases of 88.4% and 37.5% in EO plants pretreated with 300 and 600 mg/L EDU pretreatment, respectively (p < 0.05). Abscisic acid content declined under EO relative to unexposed controls with the effect partially reversed by EDU pretreatments. Similarly, VOCs emission rate declined under EO relative to unexposed plants with a recovery of emission rate observed with 300 and 600 mg/L EDU pretreatment. These findings provided significant evidence that EDU exerted a beneficial effect and protection on the tested plants against O3 stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Xingyuan He
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Kent Burkey
- Plant Science Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Raleigh, NC 27616, USA
| | - Wei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Pin Li
- Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yan Li
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Bo Li
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yijing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
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21
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Agathokleous E, Araminiene V, Belz RG, Calatayud V, De Marco A, Domingos M, Feng Z, Hoshika Y, Kitao M, Koike T, Paoletti E, Saitanis CJ, Sicard P, Calabrese EJ. A quantitative assessment of hormetic responses of plants to ozone. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 176:108527. [PMID: 31203049 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.108527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Evaluations of ozone effects on vegetation across the globe over the last seven decades have mostly incorporated exposure levels that were multi-fold the preindustrial concentrations. As such, global risk assessments and derivation of critical levels for protecting plants and food supplies were based on extrapolation from high to low exposure levels. These were developed in an era when it was thought that stress biology is framed around a linear dose-response. However, it has recently emerged that stress biology commonly displays non-linear, hormetic processes. The current biological understanding highlights that the strategy of extrapolating from high to low exposure levels may lead to biased estimates. Here, we analyzed a diverse sample of published empirical data of approximately 500 stimulatory, hormetic-like dose-responses induced by ozone in plants. The median value of the maximum stimulatory responses induced by elevated ozone was 124%, and commonly <150%, of the background response (control), independently of species and response variable. The maximum stimulatory response to ozone was similar among types of response variables and major plant species. It was also similar among clades, between herbaceous and woody plants, between deciduous and evergreen trees, and between annual and perennial herbaceous plants. There were modest differences in the stimulatory response between genera and between families which may reflect different experimental designs and conditions among studies. The responses varied significantly upon type of exposure system, with open-top chambers (OTCs) underestimating the maximum stimulatory response compared to free-air ozone-concentration enrichment (FACE) systems. These findings suggest that plants show a generalized hormetic stimulation by ozone which is constrained within certain limits of biological plasticity, being highly generalizable, evolutionarily based, and maintained over ecological scales. They further highlight that non-linear responses should be taken into account when assessing the ozone effects on plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgenios Agathokleous
- Institute of Ecology, Key Laboratory of Agrometeorology of Jiangsu Province, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China.
| | - Valda Araminiene
- Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Institute of Forestry, Girionys, Lithuania
| | - Regina G Belz
- University of Hohenheim, Agroecology Unit, Hans-Ruthenberg Institute, 70593, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Vicent Calatayud
- Fundación CEAM, Charles R. Darwin 14, Parque Tecnológico, 46980, Paterna, Spain
| | - Alessandra De Marco
- Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and the Environment (ENEA), C.R. Casaccia, SSPT-PVS, Via Anguillarese 301, S. Maria di Galeria, Rome, 00123, Italy
| | - Marisa Domingos
- Instituto de Botânica, Núcleo de Pesquisa em Ecologia, PO Box 68041, 04045-972, SP, Brazil
| | - ZhaoZhong Feng
- Institute of Ecology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Yasutomo Hoshika
- National Council of Research, Via Madonna del Piano 10, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, 50019, Italy
| | - Mitsutoshi Kitao
- Hokkaido Research Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute (FFPRI), Forest Research and Management Organization, 7 Hitsujigaoka, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 062-8516, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Koike
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita 9 Nishi 9, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8589, Japan
| | - Elena Paoletti
- National Council of Research, Via Madonna del Piano 10, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, 50019, Italy
| | - Costas J Saitanis
- Lab of Ecology and Environmental Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, Athens, 11855, Greece
| | - Pierre Sicard
- ARGANS, 260 route du Pin Montard, 06410, Biot, France
| | - Edward J Calabrese
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Morrill I, N344, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
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22
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Dusart N, Vaultier MN, Olry JC, Buré C, Gérard J, Jolivet Y, Le Thiec D. Altered stomatal dynamics of two Euramerican poplar genotypes submitted to successive ozone exposure and water deficit. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 252:1687-1697. [PMID: 31284211 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.06.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The impact of ozone (O3) pollution events on the plant drought response needs special attention because spring O3 episodes are often followed by summer drought. By causing stomatal sluggishness, O3 could affect the stomatal dynamic during a subsequent drought event. In this context, we studied the impact of O3 exposure and water deficit (in the presence or in the absence of O3 episode) on the stomatal closure/opening mechanisms relative to irradiance or vapour pressure deficit (VPD) variation. Two genotypes of Populus nigra x deltoides were exposed to various treatments for 21 days. Saplings were exposed to 80 ppb/day O3 for 13 days, and then to moderate drought for 7 days. The curves of the stomatal response to irradiance and VPD changes were determined after 13 days of O3 exposure, and after 21 days in the case of subsequent water deficit, and then fitted using a sigmoidal model. The main responses under O3 exposure were stomatal closure and sluggishness, but the two genotypes showed contrasting responses. During stomatal closure induced by a change in irradiance, closure was slower for both genotypes. Nonetheless, the genotypes differed in stomatal opening under light. Carpaccio stomata opened more slowly than control stomata, whereas Robusta stomata tended to open faster. These effects could be of particular interest, as stomatal impairment was still present after O3 exposure and could result from imperfect recovery. Under water deficit alone, we observed slower stomatal closure in response to VPD and irradiance, but faster stomatal opening in response to irradiance, more marked in Carpaccio. Under the combined treatment, most of the parameters showed antagonistic responses. Our results highlight that it is important to take genotype-specific responses and interactive stress cross-talk into account to improve the prediction of stomatal conductance in response to various environmental modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Dusart
- Université de Lorraine, AgroParisTech, Inra, Silva, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | | | - Jean-Charles Olry
- Université de Lorraine, AgroParisTech, Inra, Silva, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - Cyril Buré
- Université de Lorraine, AgroParisTech, Inra, Silva, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - Joëlle Gérard
- Université de Lorraine, AgroParisTech, Inra, Silva, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - Yves Jolivet
- Université de Lorraine, AgroParisTech, Inra, Silva, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - Didier Le Thiec
- Université de Lorraine, AgroParisTech, Inra, Silva, F-54000 Nancy, France.
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23
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Kollist H, Zandalinas SI, Sengupta S, Nuhkat M, Kangasjärvi J, Mittler R. Rapid Responses to Abiotic Stress: Priming the Landscape for the Signal Transduction Network. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 24:25-37. [PMID: 30401516 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2018.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 10/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Plants grow and reproduce within a highly dynamic environment that can see abrupt changes in conditions, such as light intensity, temperature, humidity, or interactions with biotic agents. Recent studies revealed that plants can respond within seconds to some of these conditions, engaging many different metabolic and molecular networks, as well as rapidly altering their stomatal aperture. Some of these rapid responses were further shown to propagate throughout the entire plant via waves of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and Ca2+ that are possibly mediated through the plant vascular system. Here, we propose that the integration of these signals is mediated through pulses of gene expression that are coordinated throughout the plant in a systemic manner by the ROS/Ca+2 waves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannes Kollist
- Plant Signal Research Group, Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu 50411, Estonia
| | - Sara I Zandalinas
- The Division of Plant Sciences, College of Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65201, USA; The Department of Surgery, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
| | - Soham Sengupta
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203-5017, USA
| | - Maris Nuhkat
- Plant Signal Research Group, Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu 50411, Estonia
| | - Jaakko Kangasjärvi
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ron Mittler
- The Division of Plant Sciences, College of Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65201, USA; The Department of Surgery, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65201, USA.
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24
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Cassia R, Nocioni M, Correa-Aragunde N, Lamattina L. Climate Change and the Impact of Greenhouse Gasses: CO 2 and NO, Friends and Foes of Plant Oxidative Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:273. [PMID: 29545820 PMCID: PMC5837998 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Here, we review information on how plants face redox imbalance caused by climate change, and focus on the role of nitric oxide (NO) in this response. Life on Earth is possible thanks to greenhouse effect. Without it, temperature on Earth's surface would be around -19°C, instead of the current average of 14°C. Greenhouse effect is produced by greenhouse gasses (GHG) like water vapor, carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxides (NxO) and ozone (O3). GHG have natural and anthropogenic origin. However, increasing GHG provokes extreme climate changes such as floods, droughts and heat, which induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress in plants. The main sources of ROS in stress conditions are: augmented photorespiration, NADPH oxidase (NOX) activity, β-oxidation of fatty acids and disorders in the electron transport chains of mitochondria and chloroplasts. Plants have developed an antioxidant machinery that includes the activity of ROS detoxifying enzymes [e.g., superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and peroxiredoxin (PRX)], as well as antioxidant molecules such as ascorbic acid (ASC) and glutathione (GSH) that are present in almost all subcellular compartments. CO2 and NO help to maintain the redox equilibrium. Higher CO2 concentrations increase the photosynthesis through the CO2-unsaturated Rubisco activity. But Rubisco photorespiration and NOX activities could also augment ROS production. NO regulate the ROS concentration preserving balance among ROS, GSH, GSNO, and ASC. When ROS are in huge concentration, NO induces transcription and activity of SOD, APX, and CAT. However, when ROS are necessary (e.g., for pathogen resistance), NO may inhibit APX, CAT, and NOX activity by the S-nitrosylation of cysteine residues, favoring cell death. NO also regulates GSH concentration in several ways. NO may react with GSH to form GSNO, the NO cell reservoir and main source of S-nitrosylation. GSNO could be decomposed by the GSNO reductase (GSNOR) to GSSG which, in turn, is reduced to GSH by glutathione reductase (GR). GSNOR may be also inhibited by S-nitrosylation and GR activated by NO. In conclusion, NO plays a central role in the tolerance of plants to climate change.
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25
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Hedrich R, Geiger D. Biology of SLAC1-type anion channels - from nutrient uptake to stomatal closure. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2017; 216:46-61. [PMID: 28722226 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Contents 46 I. 46 II. 47 III. 50 IV. 53 V. 56 VI. 57 58 58 References 58 SUMMARY: Stomatal guard cells control leaf CO2 intake and concomitant water loss to the atmosphere. When photosynthetic CO2 assimilation is limited and the ratio of CO2 intake to transpiration becomes suboptimal, guard cells, sensing the rise in CO2 concentration in the substomatal cavity, deflate and the stomata close. Screens for mutants that do not close in response to experimentally imposed high CO2 atmospheres identified the guard cell-expressed Slowly activating anion channel, SLAC1, as the key player in the regulation of stomatal closure. SLAC1 evolved, though, before the emergence of guard cells. In Arabidopsis, SLAC1 is the founder member of a family of anion channels, which comprises four homologues. SLAC1 and SLAH3 mediate chloride and nitrate transport in guard cells, while SLAH1, SLAH2 and SLAH3 are engaged in root nitrate and chloride acquisition, and anion translocation to the shoot. The signal transduction pathways involved in CO2 , water stress and nutrient-sensing activate SLAC/SLAH via distinct protein kinase/phosphatase pairs. In this review, we discuss the role that SLAC/SLAH channels play in guard cell closure, on the one hand, and in the root-shoot continuum on the other, along with the molecular basis of the channels' anion selectivity and gating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rainer Hedrich
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs-Institute, Biocenter, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, 97082, Germany
| | - Dietmar Geiger
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs-Institute, Biocenter, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, 97082, Germany
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26
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Sussmilch FC, Brodribb TJ, McAdam SAM. What are the evolutionary origins of stomatal responses to abscisic acid in land plants? JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 59:240-260. [PMID: 28093875 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/15/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The evolution of active stomatal closure in response to leaf water deficit, mediated by the hormone abscisic acid (ABA), has been the subject of recent debate. Two different models for the timing of the evolution of this response recur in the literature. A single-step model for stomatal control suggests that stomata evolved active, ABA-mediated control of stomatal aperture, when these structures first appeared, prior to the divergence of bryophyte and vascular plant lineages. In contrast, a gradualistic model for stomatal control proposes that the most basal vascular plant stomata responded passively to changes in leaf water status. This model suggests that active ABA-driven mechanisms for stomatal responses to water status instead evolved after the divergence of seed plants, culminating in the complex, ABA-mediated responses observed in modern angiosperms. Here we review the findings that form the basis for these two models, including recent work that provides critical molecular insights into resolving this intriguing debate, and find strong evidence to support a gradualistic model for stomatal evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frances C Sussmilch
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Timothy J Brodribb
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Scott A M McAdam
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
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