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Rytter H, Roger K, Chhuon C, Ding X, Coureuil M, Jamet A, Henry T, Guerrera IC, Charbit A. Dual proteomics of infected macrophages reveal bacterial and host players involved in the Francisella intracellular life cycle and cell to cell dissemination by merocytophagy. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7797. [PMID: 38565565 PMCID: PMC10987565 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58261-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Bacterial pathogens adapt and replicate within host cells, while host cells develop mechanisms to eliminate them. Using a dual proteomic approach, we characterized the intra-macrophage proteome of the facultative intracellular pathogen, Francisella novicida. More than 900 Francisella proteins were identified in infected macrophages after a 10-h infection. Biotin biosynthesis-related proteins were upregulated, emphasizing the role of biotin-associated genes in Francisella replication. Conversely, proteins encoded by the Francisella pathogenicity island (FPI) were downregulated, supporting the importance of the F. tularensis Type VI Secretion System for vacuole escape, not cytosolic replication. In the host cell, over 300 proteins showed differential expression among the 6200 identified during infection. The most upregulated host protein was cis-aconitate decarboxylase IRG1, known for itaconate production with antimicrobial properties in Francisella. Surprisingly, disrupting IRG1 expression did not impact Francisella's intracellular life cycle, suggesting redundancy with other immune proteins or inclusion in larger complexes. Over-representation analysis highlighted cell-cell contact and actin polymerization in macrophage deregulated proteins. Using flow cytometry and live cell imaging, we demonstrated that merocytophagy involves diverse cell-to-cell contacts and actin polymerization-dependent processes. These findings lay the groundwork for further exploration of merocytophagy and its molecular mechanisms in future research.Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD035145.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héloïse Rytter
- Université Paris CitéINSERM UMR-S1151, CNRS UMR-S8253Institut Necker Enfants Malades, 156-160 rue de Vaugirard, 75015, Paris, France
- INSERM U1151-CNRS UMR 8253, Team 7: Pathogénie des Infections Systémiques, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Kevin Roger
- INSERM US24/CNRS UAR3633, Proteomic Platform Necker, UniversitéParis-Cité, Federative Research Structure Necker, Paris, France
| | - Cerina Chhuon
- INSERM US24/CNRS UAR3633, Proteomic Platform Necker, UniversitéParis-Cité, Federative Research Structure Necker, Paris, France
| | - Xiongqi Ding
- Université Paris CitéINSERM UMR-S1151, CNRS UMR-S8253Institut Necker Enfants Malades, 156-160 rue de Vaugirard, 75015, Paris, France
- INSERM U1151-CNRS UMR 8253, Team 7: Pathogénie des Infections Systémiques, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Mathieu Coureuil
- Université Paris CitéINSERM UMR-S1151, CNRS UMR-S8253Institut Necker Enfants Malades, 156-160 rue de Vaugirard, 75015, Paris, France
- INSERM U1151-CNRS UMR 8253, Team 7: Pathogénie des Infections Systémiques, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Anne Jamet
- Université Paris CitéINSERM UMR-S1151, CNRS UMR-S8253Institut Necker Enfants Malades, 156-160 rue de Vaugirard, 75015, Paris, France
- INSERM U1151-CNRS UMR 8253, Team 7: Pathogénie des Infections Systémiques, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Henry
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Université Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 69007, Lyon, France
| | - Ida Chiara Guerrera
- INSERM US24/CNRS UAR3633, Proteomic Platform Necker, UniversitéParis-Cité, Federative Research Structure Necker, Paris, France.
| | - Alain Charbit
- Université Paris CitéINSERM UMR-S1151, CNRS UMR-S8253Institut Necker Enfants Malades, 156-160 rue de Vaugirard, 75015, Paris, France.
- INSERM U1151-CNRS UMR 8253, Team 7: Pathogénie des Infections Systémiques, 75015, Paris, France.
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2
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Rocher F, Dou S, Philippe G, Martin ML, Label P, Langin T, Bonhomme L. Integrative systems biology of wheat susceptibility to Fusarium graminearum uncovers a conserved gene regulatory network and identifies master regulators targeted by fungal core effectors. BMC Biol 2024; 22:53. [PMID: 38443953 PMCID: PMC10916188 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-024-01852-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plant diseases are driven by an intricate set of defense mechanisms counterbalanced by the expression of host susceptibility factors promoted through the action of pathogen effectors. In spite of their central role in the establishment of the pathology, the primary components of plant susceptibility are still poorly understood and challenging to trace especially in plant-fungal interactions such as in Fusarium head blight (FHB) of bread wheat. Designing a system-level transcriptomics approach, we leveraged the analysis of wheat responses from a susceptible cultivar facing Fusarium graminearum strains of different aggressiveness and examined their constancy in four other wheat cultivars also developing FHB. RESULTS In this study, we describe unexpected differential expression of a conserved set of transcription factors and an original subset of master regulators were evidenced using a regulation network approach. The dual-integration with the expression data of pathogen effector genes combined with database mining, demonstrated robust connections with the plant molecular regulators and identified relevant candidate genes involved in plant susceptibility, mostly able to suppress plant defense mechanisms. Furthermore, taking advantage of wheat cultivars of contrasting susceptibility levels, a refined list of 142 conserved susceptibility gene candidates was proposed to be necessary host's determinants for the establishment of a compatible interaction. CONCLUSIONS Our findings emphasized major FHB determinants potentially controlling a set of conserved responses associated with susceptibility in bread wheat. They provide new clues for improving FHB control in wheat and also could conceivably leverage further original researches dealing with a broader spectrum of plant pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Rocher
- UMR 1095 Génétique Diversité Ecophysiologie Des Céréales, Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Samir Dou
- UMR 1095 Génétique Diversité Ecophysiologie Des Céréales, Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Géraldine Philippe
- UMR 1095 Génétique Diversité Ecophysiologie Des Céréales, Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Marie-Laure Martin
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Université Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Gif Sur Yvette, 91190, France
- Université de Paris, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Gif Sur Yvette, 91190, France
- UMR MIA Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif Sur Yvette, France
| | - Philippe Label
- Physique Et Physiologie Intégratives de L'Arbre en Environnement Fluctuant, Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UMR 547, Aubière, Cedex, France
| | - Thierry Langin
- UMR 1095 Génétique Diversité Ecophysiologie Des Céréales, Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Ludovic Bonhomme
- UMR 1095 Génétique Diversité Ecophysiologie Des Céréales, Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
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3
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Moonjely S, Ebert M, Paton-Glassbrook D, Noel ZA, Roze L, Shay R, Watkins T, Trail F. Update on the state of research to manage Fusarium head blight. Fungal Genet Biol 2023; 169:103829. [PMID: 37666446 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2023.103829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium head blight (FHB) is one of the most devastating diseases of cereal crops, causing severe reduction in yield and quality of grain worldwide. In the United States, the major causal agent of FHB is the mycotoxigenic fungus, Fusarium graminearum. The contamination of grain with mycotoxins, including deoxynivalenol and zearalenone, is a particularly serious concern due to its impact on the health of humans and livestock. For the past few decades, multidisciplinary studies have been conducted on management strategies designed to reduce the losses caused by FHB. However, effective management is still challenging due to the emergence of fungicide-tolerant strains of F. graminearum and the lack of highly resistant wheat and barley cultivars. This review presents multidisciplinary approaches that incorporate advances in genomics, genetic-engineering, new fungicide chemistries, applied biocontrol, and consideration of the disease cycle for management of FHB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumya Moonjely
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48823, USA
| | - Malaika Ebert
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48823, USA
| | - Drew Paton-Glassbrook
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48823, USA; Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48823, USA
| | - Zachary A Noel
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48823, USA
| | - Ludmila Roze
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48823, USA
| | - Rebecca Shay
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48823, USA
| | - Tara Watkins
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48823, USA; Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48823, USA
| | - Frances Trail
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48823, USA; Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48823, USA.
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Tu Q, Wang L, An Q, Shuai J, Xia X, Dong Y, Zhang X, Li G, He Y. Comparative transcriptomics identifies the key in planta-expressed genes of Fusarium graminearum during infection of wheat varieties. Front Genet 2023; 14:1166832. [PMID: 37144121 PMCID: PMC10151574 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1166832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fusarium head blight (FHB), caused mainly by the fungus Fusarium graminearum, is one of the most devastating diseases in wheat, which reduces the yield and quality of grain. Fusarium graminearum infection of wheat cells triggers dynamic changes of gene expression in both F. graminearum and wheat, leading to molecular interactions between pathogen and host. The wheat plant in turn activates immune signaling or host defense pathways against FHB. However, the mechanisms by which F. graminearum infects wheat varieties with different levels of host resistance are largely limited. In this study, we conducted a comparative analysis of the F. graminearum transcriptome in planta during the infection of susceptible and resistant wheat varieties at three timepoints. A total of 6,106 F. graminearum genes including those functioning in cell wall degradation, synthesis of secondary metabolites, virulence, and pathogenicity were identified during the infection of different hosts, which were regulated by hosts with different genetic backgrounds. Genes enriched with metabolism of host cell wall components and defense response processes were specifically dynamic during the infection with different hosts. Our study also identified F. graminearum genes that were specifically suppressed by signals derived from the resistant plant host. These genes may represent direct targets of the plant defense against infection by this fungus. Briefly, we generated databases of in planta-expressed genes of F. graminearum during infection of two different FHB resistance level wheat varieties, highlighted their dynamic expression patterns and functions of virulence, invasion, defense response, metabolism, and effector signaling, providing valuable insight into the interactions between F. graminearum and susceptible/resistant wheat varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Tu
- CIMMYT-JAAS Joint Center for Wheat Diseases, The Research Center of Wheat Scab, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
- School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Wheat Research Institute, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan, China
| | - Lirong Wang
- CIMMYT-JAAS Joint Center for Wheat Diseases, The Research Center of Wheat Scab, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
- School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Wheat Research Institute, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan, China
| | - Qi An
- CIMMYT-JAAS Joint Center for Wheat Diseases, The Research Center of Wheat Scab, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
- School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Wheat Research Institute, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan, China
| | - Jie Shuai
- CIMMYT-JAAS Joint Center for Wheat Diseases, The Research Center of Wheat Scab, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
- School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Wheat Research Institute, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaobo Xia
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yifan Dong
- CIMMYT-JAAS Joint Center for Wheat Diseases, The Research Center of Wheat Scab, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- CIMMYT-JAAS Joint Center for Wheat Diseases, The Research Center of Wheat Scab, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Gang Li, ; Yi He,
| | - Yi He
- CIMMYT-JAAS Joint Center for Wheat Diseases, The Research Center of Wheat Scab, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Gang Li, ; Yi He,
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Miltenburg MG, Bonner C, Hepworth S, Huang M, Rampitsch C, Subramaniam R. Proximity-dependent biotinylation identifies a suite of candidate effector proteins from Fusarium graminearum. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 112:369-382. [PMID: 35986640 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium graminearum is a fungal pathogen that causes Fusarium head blight in cereal crops. The identification of proteins secreted from pathogens to overcome plant defenses and cause disease, collectively known as effectors, can reveal the etiology of a disease process. Proximity-dependent biotin identification (BioID) was used to identify potential effector proteins secreted in planta by F. graminearum during the infection of Arabidopsis. Mass spectrometry analysis of streptavidin affinity-purified proteins revealed over 300 proteins from F. graminearum, of which 62 were candidate effector proteins (CEPs). An independent analysis of secreted proteins from axenic cultures of F. graminearum showed a 42% overlap with CEPs, thereby assuring confidence in the BioID methodology. The analysis also revealed that 19 out of 62 CEPs (approx. 30%) had been previously characterized with virulence function in fungi. The functional characterization of additional CEPs was undertaken through deletion analysis by the CRISPR/Cas9 method, and by overexpression into Triticum aestivum (wheat) leaves by the Ustilago hordei delivery system. Deletion studies of 12 CEPs confirmed the effector function of three previously characterized CEPs and validated the function of another four CEPs on wheat inflorescence or vegetative tissues. Lastly, overexpression in wheat showed that all seven CEPs enhanced resistance against the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae DC3000.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary G Miltenburg
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture Canada, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Christopher Bonner
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture Canada, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Harbord Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G5, Canada
| | - Shelley Hepworth
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Mei Huang
- Morden Research and Development Centre, Agriculture Canada, 101 Route 100, Morden, MB, R6M 1Y5, Canada
| | - Christof Rampitsch
- Morden Research and Development Centre, Agriculture Canada, 101 Route 100, Morden, MB, R6M 1Y5, Canada
| | - Rajagopal Subramaniam
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture Canada, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Harbord Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G5, Canada
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6
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Rocher F, Alouane T, Philippe G, Martin ML, Label P, Langin T, Bonhomme L. Fusarium graminearum Infection Strategy in Wheat Involves a Highly Conserved Genetic Program That Controls the Expression of a Core Effectome. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031914. [PMID: 35163834 PMCID: PMC8836836 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fusarium graminearum, the main causal agent of Fusarium Head Blight (FHB), is one of the most damaging pathogens in wheat. Because of the complex organization of wheat resistance to FHB, this pathosystem represents a relevant model to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying plant susceptibility and to identify their main drivers, the pathogen’s effectors. Although the F. graminearum catalog of effectors has been well characterized at the genome scale, in planta studies are needed to confirm their effective accumulation in host tissues and to identify their role during the infection process. Taking advantage of the genetic variability from both species, a RNAseq-based profiling of gene expression was performed during an infection time course using an aggressive F. graminearum strain facing five wheat cultivars of contrasting susceptibility as well as using three strains of contrasting aggressiveness infecting a single susceptible host. Genes coding for secreted proteins and exhibiting significant expression changes along infection progress were selected to identify the effector gene candidates. During its interaction with the five wheat cultivars, 476 effector genes were expressed by the aggressive strain, among which 91% were found in all the infected hosts. Considering three different strains infecting a single susceptible host, 761 effector genes were identified, among which 90% were systematically expressed in the three strains. We revealed a robust F. graminearum core effectome of 357 genes expressed in all the hosts and by all the strains that exhibited conserved expression patterns over time. Several wheat compartments were predicted to be targeted by these putative effectors including apoplast, nucleus, chloroplast and mitochondria. Taken together, our results shed light on a highly conserved parasite strategy. They led to the identification of reliable key fungal genes putatively involved in wheat susceptibility to F. graminearum, and provided valuable information about their putative targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Rocher
- UMR 1095 Génétique Diversité Ecophysiologie des Céréales, INRAE, Université Clermont Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (F.R.); (T.A.); (G.P.); (T.L.)
| | - Tarek Alouane
- UMR 1095 Génétique Diversité Ecophysiologie des Céréales, INRAE, Université Clermont Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (F.R.); (T.A.); (G.P.); (T.L.)
| | - Géraldine Philippe
- UMR 1095 Génétique Diversité Ecophysiologie des Céréales, INRAE, Université Clermont Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (F.R.); (T.A.); (G.P.); (T.L.)
| | - Marie-Laure Martin
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), CNRS, INRAE, Université Paris-Saclay, Université Evry, 91190 Gif sur Yvette, France;
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Université de Paris, 91190 Gif sur Yvette, France
- UMR MIA-Paris, AgroParisTech, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Philippe Label
- UMR 547 Physique et Physiologie Intégratives de l’Arbre en environnement Fluctuant, INRAE, Université Clermont Auvergne, 63178 Aubière, France;
| | - Thierry Langin
- UMR 1095 Génétique Diversité Ecophysiologie des Céréales, INRAE, Université Clermont Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (F.R.); (T.A.); (G.P.); (T.L.)
| | - Ludovic Bonhomme
- UMR 1095 Génétique Diversité Ecophysiologie des Céréales, INRAE, Université Clermont Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (F.R.); (T.A.); (G.P.); (T.L.)
- Correspondence:
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7
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Liu B, Stevens-Green R, Johal D, Buchanan R, Geddes-McAlister J. Fungal pathogens of cereal crops: Proteomic insights into fungal pathogenesis, host defense, and resistance. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 269:153593. [PMID: 34915227 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2021.153593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Fungal infections of cereal crops pose a significant risk to global food security through reduced grain production and quality, as well as contamination of animal feed and human products for consumption. To combat fungal disease, we need to understand how the pathogen adapts and survives within the hostile environment of the host and how the host's defense response can be modulated for protection from disease. Such investigations offer insight into fungal pathogenesis, host immunity, the development of resistance, and mechanisms of action for currently-used control strategies. Mass spectrometry-based proteomics provides a technologically-advanced platform to define differences among fungal pathogens and their hosts at the protein level, supporting the discovery of proteins critical for disease, and uncovering novel host responses driving susceptibly or resistance of the host. In this Review, we explore the role of mass spectrometry-based proteomics in defining the intricate relationship between a pathogen and host during fungal disease of cereal crops with a focus on recent discoveries derived from the globally-devastating diseases of Fusarium head blight, Rice blast, and Powdery mildew. We highlight advances made for each of these diseases and discuss opportunities to extrapolate findings to further our fight against fungal pathogens on a global scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Liu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - R Stevens-Green
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - D Johal
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - R Buchanan
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - J Geddes-McAlister
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada; Canadian Proteomics and Artificial Intelligence Research and Training Consortium, Canada.
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8
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Buerstmayr M, Wagner C, Nosenko T, Omony J, Steiner B, Nussbaumer T, Mayer KFX, Buerstmayr H. Fusarium head blight resistance in European winter wheat: insights from genome-wide transcriptome analysis. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:470. [PMID: 34167474 PMCID: PMC8228913 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-07800-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a devastating disease of wheat worldwide. Resistance to FHB is quantitatively controlled by the combined effects of many small to medium effect QTL. Flowering traits, especially the extent of extruded anthers, are strongly associated with FHB resistance. Results To characterize the genetic basis of FHB resistance, we generated and analyzed phenotypic and gene expression data on the response to Fusarium graminearum (Fg) infection in 96 European winter wheat genotypes, including several lines containing introgressions from the highly resistant Asian cultivar Sumai3. The 96 lines represented a broad range in FHB resistance and were assigned to sub-groups based on their phenotypic FHB severity score. Comparative analyses were conducted to connect sub-group-specific expression profiles in response to Fg infection with FHB resistance level. Collectively, over 12,300 wheat genes were Fusarium responsive. The core set of genes induced in response to Fg was common across different resistance groups, indicating that the activation of basal defense response mechanisms was largely independent of the resistance level of the wheat line. Fg-induced genes tended to have higher expression levels in more susceptible genotypes. Compared to the more susceptible non-Sumai3 lines, the Sumai3-derivatives demonstrated higher constitutive expression of genes associated with cell wall and plant-type secondary cell wall biogenesis and higher constitutive and Fg-induced expression of genes involved in terpene metabolism. Gene expression analysis of the FHB QTL Qfhs.ifa-5A identified a constitutively expressed gene encoding a stress response NST1-like protein (TraesCS5A01G211300LC) as a candidate gene for FHB resistance. NST1 genes are key regulators of secondary cell wall biosynthesis in anther endothecium cells. Whether the stress response NST1-like gene affects anther extrusion, thereby affecting FHB resistance, needs further investigation. Conclusion Induced and preexisting cell wall components and terpene metabolites contribute to resistance and limit fungal colonization early on. In contrast, excessive gene expression directs plant defense response towards programmed cell death which favors necrotrophic growth of the Fg pathogen and could thus lead to increased fungal colonization. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-021-07800-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Buerstmayr
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Austria, Department of Agrobiotechnology - IFA Tulln, Institute of Biotechnology in Plant Production, Konrad Lorenz Str 20, Tulln, Austria.
| | - Christian Wagner
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Austria, Department of Agrobiotechnology - IFA Tulln, Institute of Biotechnology in Plant Production, Konrad Lorenz Str 20, Tulln, Austria
| | - Tetyana Nosenko
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Germany, PGSB Plant Genome and Systems Biology, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,Helmholtz Zentrum München, Germany, Research Unit Environmental Simulation (EUS) at the Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology (BIOP), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jimmy Omony
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Germany, PGSB Plant Genome and Systems Biology, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,Helmholtz Zentrum München, Germany, Institut für Asthma- und Allergieprävention (IAP), Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt (GmbH), Munich, Germany
| | - Barbara Steiner
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Austria, Department of Agrobiotechnology - IFA Tulln, Institute of Biotechnology in Plant Production, Konrad Lorenz Str 20, Tulln, Austria
| | - Thomas Nussbaumer
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Germany, Institute of Network Biology (INET), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.,Helmholtz Zentrum München, Germany, Institute of Environmental Medicine UNIKA-T, Technical University and Helmholtz Zentrum München, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Klaus F X Mayer
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Germany, PGSB Plant Genome and Systems Biology, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Hermann Buerstmayr
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Austria, Department of Agrobiotechnology - IFA Tulln, Institute of Biotechnology in Plant Production, Konrad Lorenz Str 20, Tulln, Austria
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Comparative Genomics of Eight Fusarium graminearum Strains with Contrasting Aggressiveness Reveals an Expanded Open Pangenome and Extended Effector Content Signatures. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126257. [PMID: 34200775 PMCID: PMC8230406 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Fusarium graminearum, the primary cause of Fusarium head blight (FHB) in small-grain cereals, demonstrates remarkably variable levels of aggressiveness in its host, producing different infection dynamics and contrasted symptom severity. While the secreted proteins, including effectors, are thought to be one of the essential components of aggressiveness, our knowledge of the intra-species genomic diversity of F. graminearum is still limited. In this work, we sequenced eight European F. graminearum strains of contrasting aggressiveness to characterize their respective genome structure, their gene content and to delineate their specificities. By combining the available sequences of 12 other F. graminearum strains, we outlined a reference pangenome that expands the repertoire of the known genes in the reference PH-1 genome by 32%, including nearly 21,000 non-redundant sequences and gathering a common base of 9250 conserved core-genes. More than 1000 genes with high non-synonymous mutation rates may be under diverse selection, especially regarding the trichothecene biosynthesis gene cluster. About 900 secreted protein clusters (SPCs) have been described. Mostly localized in the fast sub-genome of F. graminearum supposed to evolve rapidly to promote adaptation and rapid responses to the host's infection, these SPCs gather a range of putative proteinaceous effectors systematically found in the core secretome, with the chloroplast and the plant nucleus as the main predicted targets in the host cell. This work describes new knowledge on the intra-species diversity in F. graminearum and emphasizes putative determinants of aggressiveness, providing a wealth of new candidate genes potentially involved in the Fusarium head blight disease.
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Mores A, Borrelli GM, Laidò G, Petruzzino G, Pecchioni N, Amoroso LGM, Desiderio F, Mazzucotelli E, Mastrangelo AM, Marone D. Genomic Approaches to Identify Molecular Bases of Crop Resistance to Diseases and to Develop Future Breeding Strategies. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5423. [PMID: 34063853 PMCID: PMC8196592 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant diseases are responsible for substantial crop losses each year and affect food security and agricultural sustainability. The improvement of crop resistance to pathogens through breeding represents an environmentally sound method for managing disease and minimizing these losses. The challenge is to breed varieties with a stable and broad-spectrum resistance. Different approaches, from markers to recent genomic and 'post-genomic era' technologies, will be reviewed in order to contribute to a better understanding of the complexity of host-pathogen interactions and genes, including those with small phenotypic effects and mechanisms that underlie resistance. An efficient combination of these approaches is herein proposed as the basis to develop a successful breeding strategy to obtain resistant crop varieties that yield higher in increasing disease scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Mores
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops, S.S. 673, Km 25,200, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (A.M.); (G.M.B.); (G.L.); (G.P.); (N.P.); (A.M.M.)
| | - Grazia Maria Borrelli
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops, S.S. 673, Km 25,200, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (A.M.); (G.M.B.); (G.L.); (G.P.); (N.P.); (A.M.M.)
| | - Giovanni Laidò
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops, S.S. 673, Km 25,200, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (A.M.); (G.M.B.); (G.L.); (G.P.); (N.P.); (A.M.M.)
| | - Giuseppe Petruzzino
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops, S.S. 673, Km 25,200, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (A.M.); (G.M.B.); (G.L.); (G.P.); (N.P.); (A.M.M.)
| | - Nicola Pecchioni
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops, S.S. 673, Km 25,200, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (A.M.); (G.M.B.); (G.L.); (G.P.); (N.P.); (A.M.M.)
| | | | - Francesca Desiderio
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Genomics and Bioinformatics Research Center, Via San Protaso 302, 29017 Fiorenzuola d’Arda, Italy; (F.D.); (E.M.)
| | - Elisabetta Mazzucotelli
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Genomics and Bioinformatics Research Center, Via San Protaso 302, 29017 Fiorenzuola d’Arda, Italy; (F.D.); (E.M.)
| | - Anna Maria Mastrangelo
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops, S.S. 673, Km 25,200, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (A.M.); (G.M.B.); (G.L.); (G.P.); (N.P.); (A.M.M.)
| | - Daniela Marone
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops, S.S. 673, Km 25,200, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (A.M.); (G.M.B.); (G.L.); (G.P.); (N.P.); (A.M.M.)
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Yang M, Wang X, Dong J, Zhao W, Alam T, Thomashow LS, Weller DM, Gao X, Rustgi S, Wen S. Proteomics Reveals the Changes that Contribute to Fusarium Head Blight Resistance in Wheat. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2021; 111:386-397. [PMID: 32706317 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-05-20-0171-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a devastating disease of wheat, causing yield losses and quality reduction as a result of mycotoxin production. In this study, iTRAQ (isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification)-labeling-based mass spectrometry was employed to characterize the proteome in wheat cultivars Xinong 538 and Zhoumai 18 with contrasting levels of FHB resistance as a means to elucidate the molecular mechanisms contributing to FHB resistance. A total of 13,669 proteins were identified in the two cultivars 48 h after Fusarium graminearum inoculation. Among these, 2,505 unique proteins exclusively accumulated in Xinong 538 (resistant) and 887 proteins in Zhoumai 18 (susceptible). Gene Ontology enrichment analysis showed that most differentially accumulated proteins (DAPs) from both cultivars were assigned to the following categories: metabolic process, single-organism process, cellular process, and response to stimulus. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis showed that a greater number of proteins belonging to different metabolic pathways were identified in Xinong 538 compared with Zhoumai 18. Specifically, DAPs from the FHB-resistant cultivar Xinong 538 populated categories of metabolic pathways related to plant-pathogen interaction. These DAPs might play a critical role in defense responses exhibited by Xinong 538. DAPs from both genotypes were assigned to all wheat chromosomes except chromosome 6B, with approximately 30% mapping to wheat chromosomes 2B, 3B, 5B, and 5D. Twenty single nucleotide polymorphism markers, flanking DAPs on chromosomes 1B, 3B, 5B, and 6A, overlapped with the location of earlier mapped FHB-resistance quantitative trait loci. The data provide evidence for the involvement of several DAPs in the early stages of the FHB-resistance response in wheat; however, further functional characterization of candidate proteins is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Yang
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, People's Republic of China
- Wheat Engineering Research Center of Shaanxi Province, Yangling 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianguo Wang
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Dong
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, People's Republic of China
- Wheat Engineering Research Center of Shaanxi Province, Yangling 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanchun Zhao
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, People's Republic of China
- Wheat Engineering Research Center of Shaanxi Province, Yangling 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Tariq Alam
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University Pee Dee Research and Education Center, Florence, SC 29506, U.S.A
| | - Linda S Thomashow
- Wheat Health, Genetics, and Quality Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Pullman, WA 99164-6430, U.S.A
| | - David M Weller
- Wheat Health, Genetics, and Quality Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Pullman, WA 99164-6430, U.S.A
| | - Xiang Gao
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, People's Republic of China
- Wheat Engineering Research Center of Shaanxi Province, Yangling 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Sachin Rustgi
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University Pee Dee Research and Education Center, Florence, SC 29506, U.S.A
| | - Shanshan Wen
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, People's Republic of China
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12
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Fabre F, Urbach S, Roche S, Langin T, Bonhomme L. Proteomics-Based Data Integration of Wheat Cultivars Facing Fusarium graminearum Strains Revealed a Core-Responsive Pattern Controlling Fusarium Head Blight. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:644810. [PMID: 34135919 PMCID: PMC8201412 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.644810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium head blight (FHB), mainly occurring upon Fusarium graminearum infection in a wide variety of small-grain cereals, is supposed to be controlled by a range of processes diverted by the fungal pathogen, the so-called susceptibility factors. As a mean to provide relevant information about the molecular events involved in FHB susceptibility in bread wheat, we studied an extensive proteome of more than 7,900 identified wheat proteins in three cultivars of contrasting susceptibilities during their interaction with three F. graminearum strains of different aggressiveness. No cultivar-specific proteins discriminated the three wheat genotypes, demonstrating the establishment of a core proteome regardless of unequivocal FHB susceptibility differences. Quantitative protein analysis revealed that most of the FHB-induced molecular adjustments were shared by wheat cultivars and occurred independently of the F. graminearum strain aggressiveness. Although subtle abundance changes evidenced genotype-dependent responses to FHB, cultivar distinction was found to be mainly due to basal abundance differences, especially regarding the chloroplast functions. Integrating these data with previous proteome mapping of the three F. graminearum strains facing the three same wheat cultivars, we demonstrated strong correlations between the wheat protein abundance changes and the adjustments of fungal proteins supposed to interfere with host molecular functions. Together, these results provide a resourceful dataset that expands our understanding of the specific molecular events taking place during the wheat-F. graminearum interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis Fabre
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UMR 1095 Génétique Diversité Ecophysiologie des Céréales, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Serge Urbach
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Sylvie Roche
- INRAE, Unité Experimentale 1375, Phénotypage au Champ des Céréales (PHACC), Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Thierry Langin
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UMR 1095 Génétique Diversité Ecophysiologie des Céréales, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Ludovic Bonhomme
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UMR 1095 Génétique Diversité Ecophysiologie des Céréales, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- *Correspondence: Ludovic Bonhomme,
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Jia X, Qin H, Bose SK, Liu T, He J, Xie S, Ye M, Yin H. Proteomics analysis reveals the defense priming effect of chitosan oligosaccharides in Arabidopsis-Pst DC3000 interaction. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 149:301-312. [PMID: 32120172 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Chitosan oligosaccharides (COS) worked effectively in multiple plant-pathogen interactions as plant immunity regulator, however, due to the complexity of the COS-induced immune signaling network, the topic requires further investigation. In the present study, quantitative analysis of proteins was performed to investigate the underlying mechanism of COS induced resistance to Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 (Pst DC3000) in Arabidopsis thaliana. 4303 proteins were successfully quantified, 186, 217 and 207 proteins were differently regulated in mock + Pst, COS, and COS + Pst treated plants, respectively, compared with mock plants. From detailed functional and hierarchical clustering analysis, a priming effect of COS on plant immune system by pre-regulated the key proteins related to signaling transduction, defense response, cell wall biosynthesis and modification, plant growth and development, gene transcription and translation, which confers enhanced resistance when Pst DC3000 infection in Arabidopsis. Moreover, RACK1B which has the potential to be the key kinase receptor for COS signals was found out by protein-protein interaction network analysis of COS responsive proteins. In conclusion, COS treatment enable plant to fine-tuning its defense mechanisms for a more rapid and stronger response to future pathogen attacks, which obviously enhances plants defensive capacity that makes COS worked effectively in multiple plant-pathogen interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochen Jia
- Dalian Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Agricultural Preparations, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrates, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Hongqiang Qin
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, National Chromatographic R & A Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Santosh Kumar Bose
- Dalian Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Agricultural Preparations, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrates, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Tongmei Liu
- Dalian Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Agricultural Preparations, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrates, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Jinxia He
- Dalian Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Agricultural Preparations, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrates, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Shangqiang Xie
- Dalian Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Agricultural Preparations, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrates, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Mingliang Ye
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, National Chromatographic R & A Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China.
| | - Heng Yin
- Dalian Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Agricultural Preparations, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrates, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China.
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14
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Fabre F, Rocher F, Alouane T, Langin T, Bonhomme L. Searching for FHB Resistances in Bread Wheat: Susceptibility at the Crossroad. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:731. [PMID: 32595664 PMCID: PMC7300258 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium head blight (FHB), primarily caused by Fusarium graminearum, is one of the most devastating fungal wheat diseases. During the past decades, many efforts have been deployed to dissect FHB resistance, investigating both the wheat responses to infection and, more recently, the fungal determinants of pathogenicity. Although no total resistance has been identified so far, they demonstrated that some plant functions and the expression of specific genes are needed to promote FHB. Associated with the increasing list of F. graminearum effectors able to divert plant molecular processes, this fact strongly argues for a functional link between susceptibility-related factors and the fate of this disease in wheat. In this review, we gather more recent data concerning the involvement of plant and fungal genes and the functions and mechanisms in the development of FHB susceptibility, and we discuss the possibility to use them to diversify the current sources of FHB resistance.
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Fabre F, Bormann J, Urbach S, Roche S, Langin T, Bonhomme L. Unbalanced Roles of Fungal Aggressiveness and Host Cultivars in the Establishment of the Fusarium Head Blight in Bread Wheat. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2857. [PMID: 31921038 PMCID: PMC6917580 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Fusarium head blight (FHB), caused mainly by Fusarium graminearum, is the foremost destructive disease of cereals worldwide. Effector-like molecules produced by F. graminearum play key roles in the infection process and are assumed to be one of the essential components of the pathogen’s aggressiveness. However, their nature and role in the disease are still largely misunderstood. As a mean to provide relevant information about the molecular determinism of F. graminearum aggressiveness, we surveyed three F. graminearum strains on three wheat cultivars contrasted by their susceptibility to FHB. F. graminearum strains revealed large differences in aggressiveness which were mostly unchanged when facing hosts of contrasted susceptibility, suggesting that their behavior rely on intrinsic determinants. Surveying the fungal mass progress and the mycotoxin production rate in the spikes did not evidence any simple relationship with aggressiveness differences, while clues were found through a qualitative and quantitative characterization of the three strain proteomes established in planta especially with regards to early synthesized putative effectors. Independently of the wheat cultivar, the three F. graminearum strains produced systematically the same protein set during the infection but substantial differences in their abundance enabled the categorization of fungal aggressiveness. Overall, our findings show that the contrasts in F. graminearum aggressiveness were not based on the existence of strain-specific molecules but rather on the ability of the strain to ensure their sufficient accumulation. Protein abundance variance was mostly driven by the strain genetics and part was also influenced by the host cultivar but strain by cultivar interactions were marginally detected, depicting that strain-specific protein accumulations did not depend on the host cultivar. All these data provide new knowledge on fungal aggressiveness determinants and provide a resourceful repertoire of candidate effector proteins to guide further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis Fabre
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UMR 1095 Genetics, Diversity and Ecophysiology of Cereals, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Joerg Bormann
- Department of Molecular Phytopathology, Institute of Plant Science and Microbiology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Serge Urbach
- Functional Proteomics Platform, Institute of Functional Genomics, CNRS UMR 5203 INSERM U661, Montpellier, France
| | - Sylvie Roche
- INRAE, Unité Experimentale 1375, Phénotypage au Champs des Céréales (PHACC), Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Thierry Langin
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UMR 1095 Genetics, Diversity and Ecophysiology of Cereals, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Ludovic Bonhomme
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UMR 1095 Genetics, Diversity and Ecophysiology of Cereals, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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